Tabellenanhang - Abklex
Tabellenanhang - Abklex
Tabellenanhang - Abklex
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Einführung in<br />
Linux/UNIX – Anhang<br />
Wulf Alex<br />
2008<br />
Karlsruhe
Copyright 2000–2008 by Wulf Alex, Karlsruhe<br />
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document<br />
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,<br />
Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software<br />
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts,<br />
and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the<br />
section entitled GNU Free Documentation License on page 491.<br />
Ausgabedatum: 18. November 2008.<br />
Email: alex-weingarten@t-online.de<br />
Dies ist ein Skriptum. Es ist unvollständig und enthält Fehler.<br />
Geschützte Namen wie UNIX oder PostScript sind nicht gekennzeichnet.<br />
Geschrieben mit dem Texteditor vi, formatiert mit L ATEX unter<br />
Debian GNU/Linux.<br />
Die Skripten liegen unter folgenden URLs zum Herunterladen<br />
bereit:<br />
http://www.alex-weingarten.de/skripten/<br />
http://www.abklex.de/skripten/<br />
Besuchen Sie auch die Seiten zu meinen Büchern:<br />
http://www.alex-weingarten.de/debian/<br />
http://www.abklex.de/debian/<br />
Von dem Skriptum gibt es neben der Normalausgabe eine Ausgabe<br />
in kleinerer Schrift (9 Punkte), in großer Schrift (14 Punkte)<br />
sowie eine Textausgabe für Leseprogramme (Screenreader).
Vorwort<br />
There is an old system called UNIX,<br />
suspected by many to do nix,<br />
but in fact it does more<br />
than all systems before,<br />
and comprises astonishing uniques.<br />
Die Skripten richten sich an Leser mit wenigen Vorkenntnissen<br />
in der Elektronischen Datenverarbeitung; sie sollen – wie<br />
FRITZ REUTERS Urgeschicht von Meckelnborg – ok för Schaulkinner<br />
tau bruken sin. Für die wissenschaftliche Welt zitiere ich<br />
aus dem Vorwort zu einem Buch des Mathematikers RICHARD<br />
COURANT: Das Buch wendet sich an einen weiten Kreis: an Schüler<br />
und Lehrer, an Anfänger und Gelehrte, an Philosophen und<br />
Ingenieure. Das Lernziel ist eine Vertrautheit mit Betriebssystemen<br />
der Gattung UNIX einschließlich Linux, der Programmiersprache<br />
C/C++ und dem weltumspannenden Internet, die so weit<br />
reicht, dass der Leser mit der Praxis beginnen und sich selbständig<br />
weiterbilden kann. Ausgelernt hat man nie.<br />
Zusammen bildeten die Skripten die Grundlage für das Buch<br />
UNIX. C und Internet, im Jahr 1999 in zweiter Auflage im<br />
Springer-Verlag erschienen (ISBN 3-540-65429-1). Das Buch ist<br />
vergriffen und wird auch nicht weiter gepflegt, da ich mich auf<br />
Debian GNU/Linux konzentriere. Meine Debian-Bücher (ISBN<br />
3-540-43267-1 und 3-540-23786-0) sind ebenfalls bei Springer erschienen,<br />
aber nicht im Netz veröffentlicht. Die Skripten dagegen<br />
bleiben weiterhin im Netz verfügbar und werden bei Gelegenheit<br />
immer wieder überarbeitet.<br />
Warum ein Linux/UNIX? Die Betriebssysteme der Gattung<br />
UNIX laufen auf einer Vielzahl von Computertypen. Unter den<br />
verbreiteten Betriebssystemen sind sie die ältesten und ausgereift.<br />
Die UNIXe haben sich lange ohne kommerzielle Einflüsse<br />
entwickelt und tun das teilweise heute noch, siehe Linux,<br />
FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD und andere. Programmierer, nicht<br />
das Marketing, haben die Ziele gesetzt. Die UNIXe haben von<br />
Anfang an gemischte Hardware und die Zusammenarbeit mehrerer<br />
Benutzer unterstützt. In Verbindung mit dem X Window<br />
iii
iv<br />
System, einem netzfähigen Fenstersystem, sind die UNIXe unter<br />
den Betriebssystemen mittlerer Größe die leistungsfähigsten.<br />
Linux/UNIX-Rechner waren von Anbeginn im Internet dabei<br />
und haben seine Entwicklung bestimmt.<br />
Warum C/C++? Die universelle Programmiersprache C mit<br />
ihrer mächtigen Erweiterung C++ ist – im Vergleich zu BASIC<br />
etwa – ziemlich einheitlich. Der Anfang ist leicht, an die Grenzen<br />
stoßen wenige Benutzer. Das Zusammenspiel zwischen C/C++-<br />
Programmen und Linux/UNIX funktioniert reibungslos.<br />
Warum das Internet? Das Internet ist das größte Computernetz<br />
dieser Erde, ein Zusammenschluss vieler regionaler Netze.<br />
Ursprünglich auf Hochschulen und Behörden beschränkt, sind<br />
mittlerweile auch Industrie, Handel und Privatpersonen beteiligt.<br />
Unser berufliches Leben und zunehmend unser privates<br />
Dasein werden vom Internet berührt. Eine Email-Anschrift ist<br />
so wichtig geworden wie ein Telefonanschluss. Als Informationsquelle<br />
ist das Netz unentbehrlich.<br />
Bei der Stoffauswahl habe ich mich von meiner Arbeit als Benutzer,<br />
Verwalter und Programmierer leiten lassen. Besonderer<br />
Wert wird auf die Erläuterung der zahlreichen Fachbegriffe gelegt,<br />
die dem Anfänger das Leben erschweren. Die typische Frage,<br />
vor der auch ich immer wieder stehe, lautet: Was ist XYZ und<br />
wozu kann man es gebrauchen? Hinsichtlich vieler Einzelheiten<br />
verweise ich auf die Referenz-Handbücher zu den Rechenanlagen<br />
und Programmiersprachen oder auf Monografien, um den<br />
Text nicht über die Maßen aufzublähen; er ist ein Kompromiss<br />
aus Breite und Tiefe. Alles über UNIX, C und das Internet ist<br />
kein Buch, sondern ein Bücherschrank.<br />
An einigen Stellen gehe ich außer auf das Wie auch auf das<br />
Warum ein. Von Zeit zu Zeit sollte man den Blick weg von den<br />
Wellen auf das Meer richten, sonst erwirbt man nur kurzlebiges<br />
Wissen.<br />
Man kann den Gebrauch eines Betriebssystems, einer Programmiersprache<br />
oder der Netzdienste nicht allein aus Büchern<br />
erlernen – das ist wie beim Klavierspielen oder Kuchenbacken.<br />
Die Beispiele und Übungen wurden auf einer Hewlett-Packard<br />
9000/712 unter HP-UX 10.20 und einem PC der Marke Weingartener<br />
Katzenberg Auslese unter Debian GNU/Linux entwickelt.<br />
Als Shell wurden Bourne-Abkömmlinge bevorzugt, als Compiler
wurde neben dem von Hewlett-Packard der GNU gcc verwendet.<br />
Die vollständigen Quellen der Beispiele stehen im Netz.<br />
Dem Text liegen eigene Erfahrungen aus fünf Jahrzehnten<br />
zugrunde. Seine Wurzeln gehen zurück auf eine Erste Hilfe für<br />
Benutzer der Hewlett-Packard 9000 Modell 550 unter HP-UX, im<br />
Jahr 1986 aus zwanzig Aktenordnern destilliert, die die Maschine<br />
begleiteten. Gegenwärtig verschiebt sich der Schwerpunkt in<br />
Richtung Debian GNU/Linux. Ich habe auch fremde Hilfe beansprucht<br />
und danke Kollegen in den Universitäten Karlsruhe und<br />
Lyon sowie Mitarbeitern der Firmen IBM und Hewlett-Packard<br />
für schriftliche Unterlagen und mündlichen Rat sowie zahlreichen<br />
Studenten für Anregungen und Diskussionen. Darüber hinaus<br />
habe ich fleißig das Internet angezapft und viele dort umlaufende<br />
Guides, Primers, HOWTOs, Tutorials und Sammlungen<br />
von Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) verwendet.<br />
Weingarten (Baden), 15. Februar 2006 Wulf Alex<br />
v
Inhalt<br />
A Zahlensysteme 2<br />
B Zeichensätze und Sondertasten 9<br />
B.1 EBCDIC, ASCII, Roman8, IBM-PC . . . . . . . . 9<br />
B.2 German-ASCII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16<br />
B.3 ASCII-Steuerzeichen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16<br />
B.4 Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17<br />
B.5 Latin-2 (ISO 8859-2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24<br />
B.6 HTML-Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26<br />
B.7 Sondertasten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28<br />
C Typografische Maße 31<br />
C.1 Papierformate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31<br />
C.2 Schriftgrößen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32<br />
D Farben 33<br />
D.1 RGB-Farbwerte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33<br />
D.2 X11-Farben . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33<br />
D.3 HTML-Farben . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34<br />
E Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 36<br />
F Die wichtigsten UNIX-Kommandos 40<br />
G Vergleich UNIX – DOS-Kommandos 46<br />
H Besondere UNIX-Kommandos 48<br />
H.1 vi(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48<br />
H.2 emacs(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49<br />
H.3 joe(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49<br />
H.4 Drucken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50<br />
H.5 ftp(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50<br />
I UNIX-Dateisystem 52<br />
I.1 Zugriffsrechte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52<br />
vi
INHALT vii<br />
I.2 Kennungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54<br />
J UNIX-Systemaufrufe 63<br />
K UNIX-Signale 66<br />
L Videomodi des Linux-Kerns 68<br />
M C-Lexikon 70<br />
M.1 Schlüsselwörter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70<br />
M.2 Operatoren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73<br />
M.3 Standardfunktionen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74<br />
M.4 printf(3), scanf(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79<br />
M.5 Include-Dateien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79<br />
M.6 Präprozessor-Anweisungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80<br />
N Slang im Netz 82<br />
O Beispiele LaTeX 90<br />
O.1 Textbeispiel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90<br />
O.2 Gelatexte Formeln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95<br />
O.3 Formeln im Quelltext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99<br />
P Spezielle Sprachen 106<br />
P.1 Hayes-Modem-Kommandos . . . . . . . . . . . . 106<br />
Q ISO 3166 Ländercodes 109<br />
R Requests For Comment (RFCs) 112<br />
R.1 Ausgewählte RFCs, ohne FYIs . . . . . . . . . . . 113<br />
R.2 1.-April-RFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118<br />
R.3 Alle FYIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120<br />
R.4 Alle BCPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122<br />
S Internet-Protokolle 126<br />
T Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 129<br />
U Abkürzungen aus Informatik und Telekommunikation<br />
131<br />
V Karlsruher Test 466
INHALT 1<br />
W GNU Lizenzen 482<br />
W.1 GNU General Public License . . . . . . . . . . . . 482<br />
W.2 GNU Free Documentation License . . . . . . . . 491<br />
X Zeittafel 502
A Zahlensysteme<br />
... aber die Daten fehlen, um den ganzen<br />
Nonsens richtig zu überblicken –<br />
Benn, Drei alte Männer<br />
Außer dem Dezimalsystem sind das Dual-, das Oktal- und<br />
das Hexadezimalsystem gebräuchlich. Ferner spielt das Binär<br />
codierte Dezimalsystem (BCD) bei manchen Anwendungen<br />
eine Rolle. Bei diesem sind die einzelnen Dezimalstellen für sich<br />
dual dargestellt. Die folgende Tabelle enthält die Werte von 0 bis<br />
dezimal 255. Bequemlichkeitshalber sind auch die zugeordneten<br />
ASCII-Zeichen aufgeführt.<br />
dezimal dual oktal hex BCD ASCII<br />
0 0 0 0 0 nul<br />
1 1 1 1 1 soh<br />
2 10 2 2 10 stx<br />
3 11 3 3 11 etx<br />
4 100 4 4 100 eot<br />
5 101 5 5 101 enq<br />
6 110 6 6 110 ack<br />
7 111 7 7 111 bel<br />
8 1000 10 8 1000 bs<br />
9 1001 11 9 1001 ht<br />
10 1010 12 a 1.0 lf<br />
11 101 13 b 1.1 vt<br />
12 1100 14 c 1.10 ff<br />
13 1101 15 d 1.11 cr<br />
14 1110 16 e 1.100 so<br />
15 1111 17 f 1.101 si<br />
16 10000 20 10 1.110 dle<br />
17 10001 21 11 1.111 dc1<br />
18 10010 22 12 1.1000 dc2<br />
19 10011 23 13 1.1001 dc3<br />
20 10100 24 14 10.0 dc4<br />
21 10101 25 15 10.1 nak<br />
22 10110 26 16 10.10 syn<br />
2
23 10111 27 17 10.11 etb<br />
24 11000 30 18 10.100 can<br />
25 11001 31 19 10.101 em<br />
26 11010 32 1a 10.110 sub<br />
27 11011 33 1b 10.111 esc<br />
28 11100 34 1c 10.1000 fs<br />
29 11101 35 1d 10.1001 gs<br />
30 11110 36 1e 11.0 rs<br />
31 11111 37 1f 11.1 us<br />
32 100000 40 20 11.10 space<br />
33 100001 41 21 11.11 !<br />
34 100010 42 22 11.100 ”<br />
35 100011 43 23 11.101 #<br />
36 100100 44 24 11.110 $<br />
37 100101 45 25 11.111 %<br />
38 100110 46 26 11.1000 &<br />
39 100111 47 27 11.1001 ’<br />
40 101000 50 28 100.0 (<br />
41 101001 51 29 100.1 )<br />
42 101010 52 2a 100.10 *<br />
43 101011 53 2b 100.11 +<br />
44 101100 54 2c 100.100 ,<br />
45 101101 55 2d 100.101 -<br />
46 101110 56 2e 100.110 .<br />
47 101111 57 2f 100.111 /<br />
48 110000 60 30 100.1000 0<br />
49 110001 61 31 100.1001 1<br />
50 110010 62 32 101.0 2<br />
51 110011 63 33 101.1 3<br />
52 110100 64 34 101.10 4<br />
53 110101 65 35 101.11 5<br />
54 110110 66 36 101.100 6<br />
55 110111 67 37 101.101 7<br />
56 111000 70 38 101.110 8<br />
57 111001 71 39 101.111 9<br />
58 111010 72 3a 101.1000 :<br />
59 111011 73 3b 101.1001 ;<br />
60 111100 74 3c 110.0 <<br />
61 111101 75 3d 110.1 =<br />
62 111110 76 3e 110.10 ><br />
3
4 ANHANG A. ZAHLENSYSTEME<br />
63 111111 77 3f 110.11 ?<br />
64 1000000 100 40 110.100 @<br />
65 1000001 101 41 110.101 A<br />
66 1000010 102 42 110.110 B<br />
67 1000011 103 43 110.111 C<br />
68 1000100 104 44 110.1000 D<br />
69 1000101 105 45 110.1001 E<br />
70 1000110 106 46 111.0 F<br />
71 1000111 107 47 111.1 G<br />
72 1001000 110 48 111.10 H<br />
73 1001001 111 49 111.11 I<br />
74 1001010 112 4a 111.100 J<br />
75 1001011 113 4b 111.101 K<br />
76 1001100 114 4c 111.110 L<br />
77 1001101 115 4d 111.111 M<br />
78 1001110 116 4e 111.1000 N<br />
79 1001111 117 4f 111.1001 O<br />
80 1010000 120 50 1000.0 P<br />
81 1010001 121 51 1000.1 Q<br />
82 1010010 122 52 1000.10 R<br />
83 1010011 123 53 1000.11 S<br />
84 1010100 124 54 1000.100 T<br />
85 1010101 125 55 1000.101 U<br />
86 1010110 126 56 1000.110 V<br />
87 1010111 127 57 1000.111 W<br />
88 1011000 130 58 1000.1000 X<br />
89 1011001 131 59 1000.1001 Y<br />
90 1011010 132 5a 1001.0 Z<br />
91 1011011 133 5b 1001.1 [<br />
92 1011100 134 5c 1001.10 \<br />
93 1011101 135 5d 1001.11 ]<br />
94 1011110 136 5e 1001.100 ^<br />
95 1011111 137 5f 1001.101 _<br />
96 1100000 140 60 1001.110 ‘<br />
97 1100001 141 61 1001.111 a<br />
98 1100010 142 62 1001.1000 b<br />
99 1100011 143 63 1001.1001 c<br />
100 1100100 144 64 1.0.0 d<br />
101 1100101 145 65 1.0.1 e<br />
102 1100110 146 66 1.0.10 f
103 1100111 147 67 1.0.11 g<br />
104 1101000 150 68 1.0.100 h<br />
105 1101001 151 69 1.0.101 i<br />
106 1101010 152 6a 1.0.110 j<br />
107 1101011 153 6b 1.0.111 k<br />
108 1101100 154 6c 1.0.1000 l<br />
109 1101101 155 6d 1.0.1001 m<br />
110 1101110 156 6e 1.1.0 n<br />
111 1101111 157 6f 1.1.1 o<br />
112 1110000 160 70 1.1.10 p<br />
113 1110001 161 71 1.1.11 q<br />
114 1110010 162 72 1.1.100 r<br />
115 1110011 163 73 1.1.101 s<br />
116 1110100 164 74 1.1.110 t<br />
117 1110101 165 75 1.1.111 u<br />
118 1110110 166 76 1.1.1000 v<br />
119 1110111 167 77 1.1.1001 w<br />
120 1111000 170 78 1.10.0 x<br />
121 1111001 171 79 1.10.1 y<br />
122 1111010 172 7a 1.10.10 z<br />
123 1111011 173 7b 1.10.11 {<br />
124 1111100 174 7c 1.10.100 |<br />
125 1111101 175 7d 1.10.101 }<br />
126 1111110 176 7e 1.10.110 ~<br />
127 1111111 177 7f 1.10.111 del<br />
128 10000000 200 80 1.10.1000<br />
129 10000001 201 81 1.10.1001<br />
130 10000010 202 82 1.11.0<br />
131 10000011 203 83 1.11.1<br />
132 10000100 204 84 1.11.10<br />
133 10000101 205 85 1.11.11<br />
134 10000110 206 86 1.11.100<br />
135 10000111 207 87 1.11.101<br />
136 10001000 210 88 1.11.110<br />
137 10001001 211 89 1.11.111<br />
138 10001010 212 8a 1.11.1000<br />
139 10001011 213 8b 1.11.1001<br />
140 10001100 214 8c 1.100.0<br />
141 10001101 215 8d 1.100.1<br />
142 10001110 216 8e 1.100.10<br />
5
6 ANHANG A. ZAHLENSYSTEME<br />
143 10001111 217 8f 1.100.11<br />
144 10010000 220 90 1.100.100<br />
145 10010001 221 91 1.100.101<br />
146 10010010 222 92 1.100.110<br />
147 10010011 223 93 1.100.111<br />
148 10010100 224 94 1.100.1000<br />
149 10010101 225 95 1.100.1001<br />
150 10010110 226 96 1.101.0<br />
151 10010111 227 97 1.101.1<br />
152 10011000 230 98 1.101.10<br />
153 10011001 231 99 1.101.11<br />
154 10011010 232 9a 1.101.100<br />
155 10011011 233 9b 1.101.101<br />
156 10011100 234 9c 1.101.110<br />
157 10011101 235 9d 1.101.111<br />
158 10011110 236 9e 1.101.1000<br />
159 10011111 237 9f 1.101.1001<br />
160 10100000 240 a0 1.110.0<br />
161 10100001 241 a1 1.110.1<br />
162 10100010 242 a2 1.110.10<br />
163 10100011 243 a3 1.110.11<br />
164 10100100 244 a4 1.110.100<br />
165 10100101 245 a5 1.110.101<br />
166 10100110 246 a6 1.110.110<br />
167 10100111 247 a7 1.110.111<br />
168 10101000 250 a8 1.110.1000<br />
169 10101001 251 a9 1.110.1001<br />
170 10101010 252 aa 1.111.0<br />
171 10101011 253 ab 1.111.1<br />
172 10101100 254 ac 1.111.10<br />
173 10101101 255 ad 1.111.11<br />
174 10101110 256 ae 1.111.100<br />
175 10101111 257 af 1.111.101<br />
176 10110000 260 b0 1.111.110<br />
177 10110001 261 b1 1.111.111<br />
178 10110010 262 b2 1.111.1000<br />
179 10110011 263 b3 1.111.1001<br />
180 10110100 264 b4 1.1000.0<br />
181 10110101 265 b5 1.1000.1<br />
182 10110110 266 b6 1.1000.10
183 10110111 267 b7 1.1000.11<br />
184 10111000 270 b8 1.1000.100<br />
185 10111001 271 b9 1.1000.101<br />
186 10111010 272 ba 1.1000.110<br />
187 10111011 273 bb 1.1000.111<br />
188 10111100 274 bc 1.1000.1000<br />
189 10111101 275 bd 1.1000.1001<br />
190 10111110 276 be 1.1001.0<br />
191 10111111 277 bf 1.1001.1<br />
192 11000000 300 c0 1.1001.10<br />
193 11000001 301 c1 1.1001.11<br />
194 11000010 302 c2 1.1001.100<br />
195 11000011 303 c3 1.1001.101<br />
196 11000100 304 c4 1.1001.110<br />
197 11000101 305 c5 1.1001.111<br />
198 11000110 306 c6 1.1001.1000<br />
199 11000111 307 c7 1.1001.1001<br />
200 11001000 310 c8 10.0.0<br />
201 11001001 311 c9 10.0.1<br />
202 11001010 312 ca 10.0.10<br />
203 11001011 313 cb 10.0.11<br />
204 11001100 314 cc 10.0.100<br />
205 11001101 315 cd 10.0.101<br />
206 11001110 316 ce 10.0.110<br />
207 11001111 317 cf 10.0.111<br />
208 11010000 320 d0 10.0.1000<br />
209 11010001 321 d1 10.0.1001<br />
210 11010010 322 d2 10.1.0<br />
211 11010011 323 d3 10.1.1<br />
212 11010100 324 d4 10.1.10<br />
213 11010101 325 d5 10.1.11<br />
214 11010110 326 d6 10.1.100<br />
215 11010111 327 d7 10.1.101<br />
216 11011000 330 d8 10.1.110<br />
217 11011001 331 d9 10.1.111<br />
218 11011010 332 da 10.1.1000<br />
219 11011011 333 db 10.1.1001<br />
220 11011100 334 dc 10.10.0<br />
221 11011101 335 dd 10.10.1<br />
222 11011110 336 de 10.10.10<br />
7
8 ANHANG A. ZAHLENSYSTEME<br />
223 11011111 337 df 10.10.11<br />
224 11100000 340 e0 10.10.100<br />
225 11100001 341 e1 10.10.101<br />
226 11100010 342 e2 10.10.110<br />
227 11100011 343 e3 10.10.111<br />
228 11100100 344 e4 10.10.1000<br />
229 11100101 345 e5 10.10.1001<br />
230 11100110 346 e6 10.11.0<br />
231 11100111 347 e7 10.11.1<br />
232 11101000 350 e8 10.11.10<br />
233 11101001 351 e9 10.11.11<br />
234 11101010 352 ea 10.11.100<br />
235 11101011 353 eb 10.11.101<br />
236 11101100 354 ec 10.11.110<br />
237 11101101 355 ed 10.11.111<br />
238 11101110 356 ee 10.11.1000<br />
239 11101111 357 ef 10.11.1001<br />
240 11110000 360 f0 10.100.0<br />
241 11110001 361 f1 10.100.1<br />
242 11110010 362 f2 10.100.10<br />
243 11110011 363 f3 10.100.11<br />
244 11110100 364 f4 10.100.100<br />
245 11110101 365 f5 10.100.101<br />
246 11110110 366 f6 10.100.110<br />
247 11110111 367 f7 10.100.111<br />
248 11111000 370 f8 10.100.1000<br />
249 11111001 371 f9 10.100.1001<br />
250 11111010 372 fa 10.101.0<br />
251 11111011 373 fb 10.101.1<br />
252 11111100 374 fc 10.101.10<br />
253 11111101 375 fd 10.101.11<br />
254 11111110 376 fe 10.101.100<br />
255 11111111 377 ff 10.101.101
B Zeichensätze und<br />
Sondertasten<br />
B.1 EBCDIC, ASCII, Roman8, IBM-PC<br />
Die Zeichensätze sind in den Ein- und Ausgabegeräten (Terminal,<br />
Drucker) gespeicherte Tabellen, die die Zeichen in Zahlen<br />
und zurück umsetzen.<br />
dezimal oktal EBCDIC ASCII-7 Roman8 IBM-PC<br />
0 0 nul nul nul nul<br />
1 1 soh soh soh Grafik<br />
2 2 stx stx stx Grafik<br />
3 3 etx etx etx Grafik<br />
4 4 pf eot eot Grafik<br />
5 5 ht enq enq Grafik<br />
6 6 lc ack ack Grafik<br />
7 7 del bel bel bel<br />
8 10 bs bs Grafik<br />
9 11 rlf ht ht ht<br />
10 12 smm lf lf lf<br />
11 13 vt vt vt home<br />
12 14 ff ff ff ff<br />
13 15 cr cr cr cr<br />
14 16 so so so Grafik<br />
15 17 si si si Grafik<br />
16 20 dle dle dle Grafik<br />
17 21 dc1 dc1 dc1 Grafik<br />
18 22 dc2 dc2 dc2 Grafik<br />
19 23 dc3 dc3 dc3 Grafik<br />
20 24 res dc4 dc4 Grafik<br />
21 25 nl nak nak Grafik<br />
22 26 bs syn syn Grafik<br />
23 27 il etb etb Grafik<br />
24 30 can can can Grafik<br />
9
10 ANHANG B. ZEICHENSÄTZE UND SONDERTASTEN<br />
25 31 em em em Grafik<br />
26 32 cc sub sub Grafik<br />
27 33 esc esc Grafik<br />
28 34 ifs fs fs cur right<br />
29 35 igs gs gs cur left<br />
30 36 irs rs rs cur up<br />
31 37 ius us us cur down<br />
32 40 ds space space space<br />
33 41 sos ! ! !<br />
34 42 fs ” ” ”<br />
35 43 # # #<br />
36 44 byp $ $ $<br />
37 45 lf % % %<br />
38 46 etb & & &<br />
39 47 esc ’ ’ ’<br />
40 50 ( ( (<br />
41 51 ) ) )<br />
42 52 sm * * *<br />
43 53 + + +<br />
44 54 , , ,<br />
45 55 enq - - -<br />
46 56 ack . . .<br />
47 57 bel / / /<br />
48 60 0 0 0<br />
49 61 1 1 1<br />
50 62 syn 2 2 2<br />
51 63 3 3 3<br />
52 64 pn 4 4 4<br />
53 65 rs 5 5 5<br />
54 66 uc 6 6 6<br />
55 67 eot 7 7 7<br />
56 70 8 8 8<br />
57 71 9 9 9<br />
58 72 : : :<br />
59 73 ; ; ;<br />
60 74 dc4 < < <<br />
61 75 nak = = =<br />
62 76 > > ><br />
63 77 sub ? ? ?<br />
64 100 space @ @ @
B.1. EBCDIC, ASCII, ROMAN8, IBM-PC 11<br />
65 101 A A A<br />
66 102 â B B B<br />
67 103 ä C C C<br />
68 104 à D D D<br />
69 105 á E E E<br />
70 106 ã F F F<br />
71 107 å G G G<br />
72 110 ç H H H<br />
73 111 ñ I I I<br />
74 112 [ J J J<br />
75 113 . K K K<br />
76 114 < L L L<br />
77 115 ( M M M<br />
78 116 + N N N<br />
79 117 ! O O O<br />
80 120 & P P P<br />
81 121 é Q Q Q<br />
82 122 ê R R R<br />
83 123 ë S S S<br />
84 124 è T T T<br />
85 125 í U U U<br />
86 126 î V V V<br />
87 127 ï W W W<br />
88 130 ì X X X<br />
89 131 ß Y Y Y<br />
90 132 ] Z Z Z<br />
91 133 $ [ [ [<br />
92 134 * \ \ \<br />
93 135 ) ] ] ]<br />
94 136 ; ^ ^ ^<br />
95 137 ^ _ _ _<br />
96 140 – ‘ ‘ ‘<br />
97 141 / a a a<br />
98 142 Â b b b<br />
99 143 Ä c c c<br />
100 144 À d d d<br />
101 145 Á e e e<br />
102 146 Ã f f f<br />
103 147 Å g g g
12 ANHANG B. ZEICHENSÄTZE UND SONDERTASTEN<br />
104 150 Ç h h h<br />
105 151 Ñ i i i<br />
106 152 | j j j<br />
107 153 , k k k<br />
108 154 % l l l<br />
109 155 _ m m m<br />
110 156 > n n n<br />
111 157 ? o o o<br />
112 160 ø p p p<br />
113 161 É q q q<br />
114 162 Ê r r r<br />
115 163 Ë s s s<br />
116 164 È t t t<br />
117 165 Í u u u<br />
118 166 Î v v v<br />
119 167 Ï w w w<br />
120 170 Ì x x x<br />
121 171 ‘ y y y<br />
122 172 : z z z<br />
123 173 # { { {<br />
124 174 @ | | |<br />
125 175 ’ } } }<br />
126 176 = ~ ~ ~<br />
127 177 ” del del Grafik<br />
128 200 Ø Ç<br />
129 201 a ü<br />
130 202 b é<br />
131 203 c â<br />
132 204 d ä<br />
133 205 e à<br />
134 206 f å<br />
135 207 g ç<br />
136 210 h ê<br />
137 211 i ë<br />
138 212 ≪ è<br />
139 213 ≫ ı<br />
140 214 î<br />
141 215 ý ì<br />
142 216 Ä
B.1. EBCDIC, ASCII, ROMAN8, IBM-PC 13<br />
143 217 ± Å<br />
144 220 É<br />
145 221 j œ<br />
146 222 k Æ<br />
147 223 l ô<br />
148 224 m ö<br />
149 225 n ò<br />
150 226 o û<br />
151 227 p ù<br />
152 230 q y<br />
153 231 r Ö<br />
154 232 ā Ü<br />
155 233 ō<br />
156 234 æ £<br />
157 235 – Yen<br />
158 236 Æ Pt<br />
159 237 f<br />
160 240 µ á<br />
161 241 ∼ À í<br />
162 242 s  ó<br />
163 243 t È ú<br />
164 244 u Ê ñ<br />
165 245 v Ë Ñ<br />
166 246 w Î ā<br />
167 247 x Ï ō<br />
168 250 y ’ ¿<br />
169 251 z ‘ Grafik<br />
170 252 ¡ ^ Grafik<br />
171 253 ¿ 1/2<br />
172 254 ~ 1/4<br />
173 255 Ý Ù ¡<br />
174 256 Û ≪<br />
175 257 ≫<br />
176 260 Grafik<br />
177 261 £ Grafik<br />
178 262 Yen Grafik<br />
179 263 ◦ Grafik<br />
180 264 f Ç Grafik<br />
181 265 § ç Grafik
14 ANHANG B. ZEICHENSÄTZE UND SONDERTASTEN<br />
182 266 Ñ Grafik<br />
183 267 ñ Grafik<br />
184 270 ¡ Grafik<br />
185 271 ¿ Grafik<br />
186 272 Grafik<br />
187 273 | £ Grafik<br />
188 274 – Yen Grafik<br />
189 275 § Grafik<br />
190 276 f Grafik<br />
191 277 = Grafik<br />
192 300 { â Grafik<br />
193 301 A ê Grafik<br />
194 302 B ô Grafik<br />
195 303 C û Grafik<br />
196 304 D á Grafik<br />
197 305 E é Grafik<br />
198 306 F ó Grafik<br />
199 307 G ú Grafik<br />
200 310 H à Grafik<br />
201 311 I è Grafik<br />
202 312 ò Grafik<br />
203 313 ô ù Grafik<br />
204 314 ö ä Grafik<br />
205 315 ò ë Grafik<br />
206 316 ó ö Grafik<br />
207 317 õ ü Grafik<br />
208 320 } Å Grafik<br />
209 321 J î Grafik<br />
210 322 K Ø Grafik<br />
211 323 L Æ Grafik<br />
212 324 M å Grafik<br />
213 325 N í Grafik<br />
214 326 O ø Grafik<br />
215 327 P æ Grafik<br />
216 330 Q Ä Grafik<br />
217 331 R ì Grafik<br />
218 332 Ö Grafik<br />
219 333 û Ü Grafik<br />
220 334 ü É Grafik
B.1. EBCDIC, ASCII, ROMAN8, IBM-PC 15<br />
221 335 ù ı Grafik<br />
222 336 ú ß Grafik<br />
223 337 y Ô Grafik<br />
224 340 \ Á α<br />
225 341 Ã β<br />
226 342 S ã Γ<br />
227 343 T π<br />
228 344 U Σ<br />
229 345 V Í σ<br />
230 346 W Ì µ<br />
231 347 X Ó τ<br />
232 350 Y Ò Φ<br />
233 351 Z Õ θ<br />
234 352 õ Ω<br />
235 353 Ô Š δ<br />
236 354 Ö š ∞<br />
237 355 Ò Ú Ø<br />
238 356 Ó Y ∈<br />
239 357 Õ y ∩<br />
240 360 0 thorn ≡<br />
241 361 1 Thorn ±<br />
242 362 2 ≥<br />
243 363 3 ≤<br />
244 364 4 Haken<br />
245 365 5 Haken<br />
246 366 6 – ÷<br />
247 367 7 1/4 ≈<br />
248 370 8 1/2 ◦<br />
249 371 9 ā •<br />
250 372 ō ·<br />
√<br />
251 373 Û ≪<br />
252 374 Ü ⊔ n<br />
253 375 Ù ≫ 2<br />
254 376 Ú ± ⊔<br />
255 377 (FF)
16 ANHANG B. ZEICHENSÄTZE UND SONDERTASTEN<br />
B.2 German-ASCII<br />
Falls das Ein- oder Ausgabegerät einen deutschen 7-Bit-ASCII-<br />
Zeichensatz enthält, sind folgende Ersetzungen der amerikanischen<br />
Zeichen durch deutsche Sonderzeichen üblich:<br />
Nr. US-Zeichen US-ASCII German ASCII<br />
91 linke eckige Klammer [ Ä<br />
92 Backslash \ Ö<br />
93 rechte eckige Klammer ] Ü<br />
123 linke geschweifte Klammer { ä<br />
124 senkrechter Strich | ö<br />
125 rechte geschweifte Klammer } ü<br />
126 Tilde ~ ß<br />
Achtung: Der IBM-PC und Ausgabegeräte von Hewlett-Packard<br />
verwenden keinen 7-Bit-ASCII-Zeichensatz, sondern eigene 8-<br />
Bit-Zeichensätze, die die Sonderzeichen unter Nummern höher<br />
127 enthalten, siehe vorhergehende Tabelle.<br />
B.3 ASCII-Steuerzeichen<br />
Die Steuerzeichen der Zeichensätze dienen der Übermittlung<br />
von Befehlen und Informationen an das empfangende Gerät und<br />
nicht der Ausgabe eines sicht- oder druckbaren Zeichens. Die<br />
Ausgabegeräte kennen in der Regel jedoch einen Modus (transparent,<br />
Monitor, Display Functions), in der die Steuerzeichen<br />
nicht ausgeführt, sondern angezeigt werden. Die meisten Steuerzeichen<br />
belegen keine eigene Taste auf der Tastatur, sondern<br />
werden als Kombination aus der control-Taste und einer Zeichentaste<br />
eingegeben. In C/C++ läßt sich jedes Zeichen durch<br />
seine oktale Nummer in der Form \123 oder durch seine hexadezimale<br />
Nummer in der Form \x53 eingeben (hier das S).<br />
dezimal C-Konst. ASCII Bedeutung Tasten<br />
0 \x00 nul ASCII-Null control @<br />
1 soh Start of heading control a<br />
2 stx Start of text control b
B.4. LATIN-1 (ISO 8859-1) 17<br />
3 etx End of text control c<br />
4 eot End of transmission control d<br />
5 enq Enquiry control e<br />
6 ack Acknowledge control f<br />
7 \a bel Bell control g<br />
8 \b bs Backspace control h, BS<br />
9 \t ht Horizontal tab control i, TAB<br />
10 \n lf Line feed control j, LF<br />
11 \v vt Vertical tab control k<br />
12 \f ff Form feed control l<br />
13 \r cr Carriage return control m, RETURN<br />
14 so Shift out control n<br />
15 si Shift in control o<br />
16 dle Data link escape control p<br />
17 dc1 Device control 1, xon control q<br />
18 dc2 Device control 2, tape control r<br />
19 dc3 Device control 3, xoff control s<br />
20 dc4 Device control 4, tape control t<br />
21 nak Negative acknowledge control u<br />
22 syn Synchronous idle control v<br />
23 etb End transmission block control w<br />
24 can Cancel control x<br />
25 em End of medium control y<br />
26 sub Substitute control z<br />
27 \x1b esc Escape control [, ESC<br />
28 fs File separator control \<br />
29 gs Group separator control ]<br />
30 rs Record separator control ^<br />
31 us Unit separator control _<br />
127 del Delete DEL, RUBOUT<br />
B.4 Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1)<br />
Die internationale Norm ISO 8859 beschreibt gegenwärtig<br />
zehn Zeichensätze, die jedes Zeichen durch jeweils ein Byte<br />
darstellen. Jeder Zeichensatz umfaßt also maximal 256 druckbare<br />
Zeichen und Steuerzeichen. Der erste – Latin-1 genannt<br />
– ist für west- und mitteleuropäische Sprachen – darunter<br />
Deutsch – vorgesehen. Latin-2 deckt Mittel- und Osteuropa
18 ANHANG B. ZEICHENSÄTZE UND SONDERTASTEN<br />
ab, soweit das lateinische Alphabet verwendet wird. Wer einen<br />
polnisch-deutschen Text schreiben will, braucht Latin 2. Die<br />
deutschen Sonderzeichen liegen in Latin 1 bis 6 an denselben<br />
Stellen. Weiteres siehe in der ISO-Norm und im RFC 1345<br />
Character Mnemonics and Character Sets vom Juni 1992. Auch<br />
http://wwwwbs.cs.tu-berlin.de/~czyborra/charsets/<br />
hilft weiter.<br />
Die erste Hälfte (0 – 127) aller Latin-Zeichensätze stimmt mit<br />
US-ASCII überein, die zweite mit keinem der anderen Zeichensätze.<br />
Zu jedem Zeichen gehört eine standardisierte verbale Bezeichnung.<br />
Einige Zeichen wie das isländische Thorn oder das<br />
Cent-Zeichen konnten hier mit LaTeX nicht dargestellt werden.<br />
dezimal oktal hex Zeichen Bezeichnung<br />
000 000 00 nu Null (nul)<br />
001 001 01 sh Start of heading (soh)<br />
002 002 02 sx Start of text (stx)<br />
003 003 03 ex End of text (etx)<br />
004 004 04 et End of transmission (eot)<br />
005 005 05 eq Enquiry (enq)<br />
006 006 06 ak Acknowledge (ack)<br />
007 007 07 bl Bell (bel)<br />
008 010 08 bs Backspace (bs)<br />
009 011 09 ht Character tabulation (ht)<br />
010 012 0a lf Line feed (lf)<br />
011 013 0b vt Line tabulation (vt)<br />
012 014 0c ff Form feed (ff)<br />
013 015 0d cr Carriage return (cr)<br />
014 016 0e so Shift out (so)<br />
015 017 0f si Shift in (si)<br />
016 020 10 dl Datalink escape (dle)<br />
017 021 11 d1 Device control one (dc1)<br />
018 022 12 d2 Device control two (dc2)<br />
019 023 13 d3 Device control three (dc3)<br />
020 024 14 d4 Device control four (dc4)<br />
021 025 15 nk Negative acknowledge (nak)<br />
022 026 16 sy Synchronous idle (syn)<br />
023 027 17 eb End of transmission block (etb)<br />
024 030 18 cn Cancel (can)
B.4. LATIN-1 (ISO 8859-1) 19<br />
025 031 19 em End of medium (em)<br />
026 032 1a sb Substitute (sub)<br />
027 033 1b ec Escape (esc)<br />
028 034 1c fs File separator (is4)<br />
029 035 1d gs Group separator (is3)<br />
030 036 1e rs Record separator (is2)<br />
031 037 1f us Unit separator (is1)<br />
032 040 20 sp Space<br />
033 041 21 ! Exclamation mark<br />
034 042 22 ” Quotation mark<br />
035 043 23 # Number sign<br />
036 044 24 $ Dollar sign<br />
037 045 25 % Percent sign<br />
038 046 26 & Ampersand<br />
039 047 27 ’ Apostrophe<br />
040 050 28 ( Left parenthesis<br />
041 051 29 ) Right parenthesis<br />
042 052 2a * Asterisk<br />
043 053 2b + Plus sign<br />
044 054 2c , Comma<br />
045 055 2d - Hyphen-Minus<br />
046 056 2e . Full stop<br />
047 057 2f / Solidus<br />
048 060 30 0 Digit zero<br />
049 061 31 1 Digit one<br />
050 062 32 2 Digit two<br />
051 063 33 3 Digit three<br />
052 064 34 4 Digit four<br />
053 065 35 5 Digit five<br />
054 066 36 6 Digit six<br />
055 067 37 7 Digit seven<br />
056 070 38 8 Digit eight<br />
057 071 39 9 Digit nine<br />
058 072 3a : Colon<br />
059 073 3b ; Semicolon<br />
060 074 3c < Less-than sign<br />
061 075 3d = Equals sign<br />
062 076 3e > Greater-than sign<br />
063 077 3f ? Question mark<br />
064 100 40 @ Commercial at
20 ANHANG B. ZEICHENSÄTZE UND SONDERTASTEN<br />
065 101 41 A Latin capital letter a<br />
066 102 42 B Latin capital letter b<br />
067 103 43 C Latin capital letter c<br />
068 104 44 D Latin capital letter d<br />
069 105 45 E Latin capital letter e<br />
070 106 46 F Latin capital letter f<br />
071 107 47 G Latin capital letter g<br />
072 110 48 H Latin capital letter h<br />
073 111 49 I Latin capital letter i<br />
074 112 4a J Latin capital letter j<br />
075 113 4b K Latin capital letter k<br />
076 114 4c L Latin capital letter l<br />
077 115 4d M Latin capital letter m<br />
078 116 4e N Latin capital letter n<br />
079 117 4f O Latin capital letter o<br />
080 120 50 P Latin capital letter p<br />
081 121 51 Q Latin capital letter q<br />
082 122 52 R Latin capital letter r<br />
083 123 53 S Latin capital letter s<br />
084 124 54 T Latin capital letter t<br />
085 125 55 U Latin capital letter u<br />
086 126 56 V Latin capital letter v<br />
087 127 57 W Latin capital letter w<br />
088 130 58 X Latin capital letter x<br />
089 131 59 Y Latin capital letter y<br />
090 132 5a Z Latin capital letter z<br />
091 133 5b [ Left square bracket<br />
092 134 5c \ Reverse solidus<br />
093 135 5d ] Right square bracket<br />
094 136 5e ^ Circumflex accent<br />
095 137 5f _ Low line<br />
096 140 60 ‘ Grave accent<br />
097 141 61 a Latin small letter a<br />
098 142 62 b Latin small letter b<br />
099 143 63 c Latin small letter c<br />
100 144 64 d Latin small letter d<br />
101 145 65 e Latin small letter e<br />
102 146 66 f Latin small letter f<br />
103 147 67 g Latin small letter g<br />
104 150 68 h Latin small letter h
B.4. LATIN-1 (ISO 8859-1) 21<br />
105 151 69 i Latin small letter i<br />
106 152 6a j Latin small letter j<br />
107 153 6b k Latin small letter k<br />
108 154 6c l Latin small letter l<br />
109 155 6d m Latin small letter m<br />
110 156 6e n Latin small letter n<br />
111 157 6f o Latin small letter o<br />
112 160 70 p Latin small letter p<br />
113 161 71 q Latin small letter q<br />
114 162 72 r Latin small letter r<br />
115 163 73 s Latin small letter s<br />
116 164 74 t Latin small letter t<br />
117 165 75 u Latin small letter u<br />
118 166 76 v Latin small letter v<br />
119 167 77 w Latin small letter w<br />
120 170 78 x Latin small letter x<br />
121 171 79 y Latin small letter y<br />
122 172 7a z Latin small letter z<br />
123 173 7b { Left curly bracket<br />
124 174 7c | Vertical line<br />
125 175 7d } Right curly bracket<br />
126 176 7e ~ Tilde<br />
127 177 7f dt Delete (del)<br />
128 200 80 pa Padding character (pad)<br />
129 201 81 ho High octet preset (hop)<br />
130 202 82 bh Break permitted here (bph)<br />
131 203 83 nh No break here (nbh)<br />
132 204 84 in Index (ind)<br />
133 205 85 nl Next line (nel)<br />
134 206 86 sa Start of selected area (ssa)<br />
135 207 87 es End of selected area (esa)<br />
136 210 88 hs Character tabulation set (hts)<br />
137 211 89 hj Character tabulation with justification (htj)<br />
138 212 8a vs Line tabulation set (vts)<br />
139 213 8b pd Partial line forward (pld)<br />
140 214 8c pu Partial line backward (plu)<br />
141 215 8d ri Reverse line feed (ri)<br />
142 216 8e s2 Single-shift two (ss2)<br />
143 217 8f s3 Single-shift three (ss3)<br />
144 220 90 dc Device control string (dcs)
22 ANHANG B. ZEICHENSÄTZE UND SONDERTASTEN<br />
145 221 91 p1 Private use one (pu1)<br />
146 222 92 p2 Private use two (pu2)<br />
147 223 93 ts Set transmit state (sts)<br />
148 224 94 cc Cancel character (cch)<br />
149 225 95 mw Message waiting (mw)<br />
150 226 96 sg Start of guarded area (spa)<br />
151 227 97 eg End of guarded area (epa)<br />
152 230 98 ss Start of string (sos)<br />
153 231 99 gc Single graphic character introducer (sgci)<br />
154 232 9a sc Single character introducer (sci)<br />
155 233 9b ci Control sequence introducer (csi)<br />
156 234 9c st String terminator (st)<br />
157 235 9d oc Operating system command (osc)<br />
158 236 9e pm Privacy message (pm)<br />
159 237 9f ac Application program command (apc)<br />
160 240 a0 ns No-break space<br />
161 241 a1 ¡ Inverted exclamation mark<br />
162 242 a2 Cent sign<br />
163 243 a3 £ Pound sign<br />
164 244 a4 Currency sign (künftig Euro?)<br />
165 245 a5 Yen sign<br />
166 246 a6 Broken bar<br />
167 247 a7 § Section sign<br />
168 250 a8 Diaresis<br />
169 251 a9 © Copyright sign<br />
170 252 aa a Feminine ordinal indicator<br />
171 253 ab ≪ Left-pointing double angle quotation mark<br />
172 254 ac ¬ Not sign<br />
173 255 ad - Soft hyphen<br />
174 256 ae Registered sign<br />
175 257 af ¯ Overline<br />
176 260 b0 ◦ Degree sign<br />
177 261 b1 ± Plus-minus sign<br />
178 262 b2 2 Superscript two<br />
179 263 b3 3 Superscript three<br />
180 264 b4 ’ Acute accent<br />
181 265 b5 µ Micro sign<br />
182 266 b6 Pilcrow sign<br />
183 267 b7 · Middle dot<br />
184 270 b8 ¸ Cedilla
B.4. LATIN-1 (ISO 8859-1) 23<br />
185 271 b9 1 Superscript one<br />
186 272 ba ◦ Masculine ordinal indicator<br />
187 273 bb ≫ Right-pointing double angle quotation mark<br />
188 274 bc 1/4 Vulgar fraction one quarter<br />
189 275 bd 1/2 Vulgar fraction one half<br />
190 276 be 3/4 Vulgar fraction three quarters<br />
191 277 bf ¿ Inverted question mark<br />
192 300 c0 À Latin capital letter a with grave<br />
193 301 c1 Á Latin capital letter a with acute<br />
194 302 c2 Â Latin capital letter a with circumflex<br />
195 303 c3 Ã Latin capital letter a with tilde<br />
196 304 c4 Ä Latin capital letter a with diaresis<br />
197 305 c5 Å Latin capital letter a with ring above<br />
198 306 c6 Æ Latin capital letter ae<br />
199 307 c7 Ç Latin capital letter c with cedilla<br />
200 310 c8 È Latin capital letter e with grave<br />
201 311 c9 É Latin capital letter e with acute<br />
202 312 ca Ê Latin capital letter e with circumflex<br />
203 313 cb Ë Latin capital letter e with diaresis<br />
204 314 cc Ì Latin capital letter i with grave<br />
205 315 cd Í Latin capital letter i with acute<br />
206 316 ce Î Latin capital letter i with circumflex<br />
207 317 cf Ï Latin capital letter i with diaresis<br />
208 320 d0 Latin capital letter eth (Icelandic)<br />
209 321 d1 Ñ Latin capital letter n with tilde<br />
210 322 d2 Ò Latin capital letter o with grave<br />
211 323 d3 Ó Latin capital letter o with acute<br />
212 324 d4 Ô Latin capital letter o with circumflex<br />
213 325 d5 Õ Latin capital letter o with tilde<br />
214 326 d6 Ö Latin capital letter o with diaresis<br />
215 327 d7 × Multiplication sign<br />
216 330 d8 Ø Latin capital letter o with stroke<br />
217 331 d9 Ù Latin capital letter u with grave<br />
218 332 da Ú Latin capital letter u with acute<br />
219 333 db Û Latin capital letter u with circumflex<br />
220 334 dc Ü Latin capital letter u with diaresis<br />
221 335 dd Ý Latin capital letter y with acute<br />
222 336 de Latin capital letter thorn (Icelandic)
24 ANHANG B. ZEICHENSÄTZE UND SONDERTASTEN<br />
223 337 df ß Latin small letter sharp s (German)<br />
224 340 e0 à Latin small letter a with grave<br />
225 341 e1 á Latin small letter a with acute<br />
226 342 e2 â Latin small letter a with circumflex<br />
227 343 e3 ã Latin small letter a with tilde<br />
228 344 e4 ä Latin small letter a with diaresis<br />
229 345 e5 å Latin small letter a with ring above<br />
230 346 e6 æ Latin small letter ae<br />
231 347 e7 ç Latin small letter c with cedilla<br />
232 350 e8 è Latin small letter e with grave<br />
233 351 e9 é Latin small letter e with acute<br />
234 352 ea ê Latin small letter e with circumflex<br />
235 353 eb ë Latin small letter e with diaresis<br />
236 354 ec ì Latin small letter i with grave<br />
237 355 ed í Latin small letter i with acute<br />
238 356 ee î Latin small letter i with circumflex<br />
239 357 ef ï Latin small letter i with diaresis<br />
240 360 f0 Latin small letter eth (Icelandic)<br />
241 361 f1 ñ Latin small letter n with tilde<br />
242 362 f2 ò Latin small letter o with grave<br />
243 363 f3 ó Latin small letter o with acute<br />
244 364 f4 ô Latin small letter o with circumflex<br />
245 365 f5 õ Latin small letter o with tilde<br />
246 366 f6 ö Latin small letter o with diaresis<br />
247 367 f7 ÷ Division sign<br />
248 370 f8 ø Latin small letter o with stroke<br />
249 371 f9 ù Latin small letter u with grave<br />
250 372 fa ú Latin small letter u with acute<br />
251 373 fb û Latin small letter u with circumflex<br />
252 374 fc ü Latin small letter u with diaresis<br />
253 375 fd ý Latin small letter y with acute<br />
254 376 fe Latin small letter thorn (Icelandic)<br />
255 377 ff ÿ Latin small letter y with diaresis<br />
B.5 Latin-2 (ISO 8859-2)<br />
Der Zeichensatz Latin-2 deckt folgende Sprachen ab: Albanisch,<br />
Bosnisch, Deutsch, Englisch, Finnisch, Irisch, Kroatisch, Polnisch,<br />
Rumänisch, Serbisch (in lateinischer Transskription), Ser-
B.5. LATIN-2 (ISO 8859-2) 25<br />
bokroatisch, Slowakisch, Slowenisch, Sorbisch, Tschechisch und<br />
Ungarisch. Samisch wird in Latin-9 berücksichtigt. Auf:<br />
http://sizif.mf.uni-lj.si/linux/cee/iso8859-2.html<br />
finden sich Einzelheiten und weitere URLs. Hier nur die Zeichen,<br />
die von Latin-1 abweichen:<br />
dezimal oktal hex Zeichen Bezeichnung<br />
161 241 a1 Latin capital letter a with ogonek<br />
162 242 a2 Breve<br />
163 243 a3 Ł Latin capital letter l with stroke<br />
165 245 a5 L’ Latin capital letter l with caron<br />
166 246 a6 ´ S Latin capital letter s with acute<br />
169 251 a9 Š Latin capital letter s with caron<br />
170 252 aa ¸S Latin capital letter s with cedilla<br />
171 253 ab ˇ T Latin capital letter t with caron<br />
172 254 ac ´ Z Latin capital letter z with acute<br />
174 256 ae Ž Latin capital letter z with caron<br />
175 257 af ˙ Z Latin capital letter z with dot above<br />
177 261 b1 Latin small letter a with ogonek<br />
178 262 b2 Ogonek (Schwänzchen)<br />
179 263 b3 ł Latin small letter l with stroke<br />
181 265 b5 Latin small letter l with caron<br />
182 266 b6 Latin small letter s with acute<br />
183 267 b7 Caron<br />
185 271 b9 Latin small letter s with caron<br />
186 272 ba Latin small letter s with cedilla<br />
187 273 bb Latin small letter t with caron<br />
188 274 bc Latin small letter z with acute<br />
189 275 bd Double acute accent<br />
190 276 be Latin small letter z with caron<br />
191 277 bf Latin small letter z with dot above<br />
192 300 c0 Latin capital letter r with acute<br />
195 303 c3 Latin capital letter a with breve<br />
197 305 c5 Latin capital letter l with acute<br />
198 306 c6 Latin capital letter c with acute<br />
200 310 c8 Latin capital letter c with caron<br />
202 312 ca Latin capital letter e with ogonek<br />
204 314 cc Latin capital letter e with caron
26 ANHANG B. ZEICHENSÄTZE UND SONDERTASTEN<br />
207 317 cf Latin capital letter d with caron<br />
208 320 d0 Latin capital letter d with stroke<br />
209 321 d1 Latin capital letter n with acute<br />
210 322 d2 Latin capital letter n with caron<br />
213 325 d5 Latin capital letter o with double acute<br />
216 330 d8 Latin capital letter r with caron<br />
217 331 d9 Latin capital letter u with ring above<br />
219 333 db Latin capital letter u with double acute<br />
222 336 de Latin capital letter t with cedilla<br />
224 340 e0 Latin small letter r with acute<br />
227 343 e3 Latin small letter a with breve<br />
229 345 e5 Latin small letter l with acute<br />
230 346 e6 Latin small letter c with acute<br />
232 350 e8 Latin small letter c with caron<br />
234 352 ea Latin small letter e with ogonek<br />
236 354 ec Latin small letter e with caron<br />
239 357 ef Latin small letter d with caron<br />
240 360 f0 Latin small letter d with stroke<br />
241 361 f1 Latin small letter n with acute<br />
242 362 f2 Latin small letter n with caron<br />
245 365 f5 Latin small letter o with double acute<br />
248 370 f8 Latin small letter r with caron<br />
249 371 f9 Latin small letter u with ring above<br />
251 373 fb Latin small letter u with double acute<br />
254 376 fe Latin small letter t with cedilla<br />
255 377 ff Dot above<br />
B.6 HTML-Entities<br />
HTML-Entities sind eine Ersatzschreibweise für Zeichen, die<br />
nicht direkt in HTML-Text eingegeben werden können. Zu diesen<br />
Zeichen gehören:<br />
• Sonderzeichen außerhalb des US-ASCII-Zeichensatzes<br />
(Umlaute),<br />
• Zeichen, die eine besondere Bedeutung in HTML haben (&,<br />
B.6. HTML-ENTITIES 27<br />
• die dezimale oder hexadezimale Nummer des Zeichens im<br />
Zeichensatz,<br />
• eine Umschreibung mit ASCII-Zeichen.<br />
Soweit die Zeichen im Latin-1-Zeichensatz enthalten sind, können<br />
die dort angegebenen Nummern verwendet werden. Die<br />
vollständige Tabelle entnimmt man am einfachsten der HTML-<br />
Spezifikation. Hier nur die häufigsten Zeichen:<br />
dezimal hex char ent Zeichen Bezeichnung<br />
& & & & ampersand<br />
< L < < less-than sign<br />
> N > > greater-than sign<br />
    non-breaking space<br />
¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ inverted exclamation mark<br />
£ £ £ £ pound sign<br />
© © © © copyright sign<br />
« « « ≪ left pointing guillemet<br />
­ ­ ­ soft or dicretionary hyphen<br />
® ® ® registered sign<br />
° ° ° ◦ degree sign<br />
± ± ± ± plus-minus sign<br />
² ² ² 2 superscript two<br />
³ ³ ³ 3 superscript three<br />
µ µ µ µ micro sign<br />
» » » ≫ right pointing guillemet<br />
½ ½ ½ 1/2 fraction one half<br />
À À À À latin capital letter A with grave<br />
Á Á Á Á latin capital letter A with acute<br />
    latin capital letter A with circumfle<br />
à à à à latin capital letter A with tilde<br />
Ä Ä Ä Ä latin capital letter A with diaresis<br />
Å Å Å Å latin capital letter A with ring abov<br />
Æ Æ Æ Æ latin capital ligature AE<br />
Ç Ç Ç Ç latin capital letter C with cedilla<br />
Ñ Ñ Ñ Ñ latin capital letter N with tilde<br />
Ø Ø Ø Ø latin capital letter O with stroke<br />
ß ß ß ß latin small letter sharp s<br />
ë ë ë ë latin small letter e with diaresis
28 ANHANG B. ZEICHENSÄTZE UND SONDERTASTEN<br />
ñ ð ñ ñ latin small letter n with tilde<br />
B.7 Sondertasten<br />
Computertastaturen weisen im Vergleich zu den Tastaturen herkömmlicher<br />
Schreibmaschinen einige Tasten zusätzlich auf –<br />
mit besonderen Bedeutungen. Obwohl die PC-Tastatur (MF-2)<br />
weit verbreitet ist, gibt es eine Vielzahl abweichender Tastaturen.<br />
Die Wirkung, die von einer Taste ausgelöst wird, hängt in<br />
den meisten Fällen von der Software ab, lässt sich daher nicht<br />
allgemein angeben und kann von Programm zu Programm variieren.<br />
Typische Beispiele sind die Funktionstasten, aber auch<br />
fast alle anderen Tasten lassen sich umprogrammieren. In der<br />
folgenden Tabelle werden die wichtigsten Sondertasten aufgeführt:<br />
DÜZ Datenübertragung zeilenweise<br />
ACK Acknowledge<br />
AlphaLock wie Caps Lock<br />
Alt Alt Alternate<br />
AltGr AltGr Alternate graphic(s)<br />
BackTab<br />
BS, Backspace Rücktaste einen Schritt zurück<br />
BEL Glocke, ASCII-Nr. 7<br />
Break Untbr Signal SIGINT, Signal Nr. 2<br />
CAN Cancel<br />
Caps Lock Feststelltaste Umschaltung feststellen<br />
CBT Cursor back tab<br />
CE, ClearEntry<br />
CharDel Lösche Zeichen<br />
CharInsert Füge Zeichen vor Cursor ein<br />
ClearSpace<br />
CR Carriage return, Wagenrücklauf,<br />
ASCII-Nr. 13<br />
Ctrl Strg Control, Steuerung<br />
CUB Cursor back<br />
CUD Cursor down<br />
CUF Cursor forward<br />
CUU Cursor up
B.7. SONDERTASTEN 29<br />
DCH Delete character<br />
DC1 Device control 1, ASCII-Nr. 17<br />
DC2 Device control 2, ASCII-Nr. 18<br />
DC3 Device control 3, ASCII-Nr. 19<br />
DC4 Device control 4, ASCII-Nr. 20<br />
Dead Keys Tod-Tasten, T. für diakritische Zeichen,<br />
Akzent-Tasten Akzente ohne Zeichenvorschub<br />
DEL, Delete Entf Zeichen entfernen, löschen<br />
DL Delete line<br />
DLE Data link enable<br />
Down Pfeil abwärts Cursor abwärts<br />
EM End of media<br />
End Ende Cursor zum Seitenende<br />
ENQ Enquiry<br />
Enter Zeilenwechsel Eingabe vollziehen<br />
EOT End of transmission<br />
Esc Escape Escape, Fluchtsymbol, ASCII-Nr. 27<br />
ETB End of transaction block<br />
ETX End of text<br />
ExtChar<br />
F1 F1 Funktionstaste 1 usw.<br />
FF Form feed, Blattvorschub, ASCII-Nr. 12<br />
Funct ähnlich wie Ctrl<br />
Home Pos1 Cursor zum Seitenanfang<br />
HT Horizontal tab<br />
INS, Insert Einfg Zeichen vor Cursor einfügen<br />
IS1 Information separator 1<br />
IS2 Information separator 2<br />
IS3 Information separator 3<br />
IS4 Information separator 4<br />
Left Pfeil links Cursor nach links<br />
LF Line feed, ASCII-Nr. 10<br />
LineDel Lösche Zeile<br />
LineErase Lösche Zeile ab Cursor<br />
LineFeed wie Down<br />
LineIns Füge Zeile oberhalb Cursor ein<br />
LocEsc Local Escape<br />
NAK Not acknowledge<br />
NoScroll Hält Bildschirm an<br />
NumLock Num Number lock key
30 ANHANG B. ZEICHENSÄTZE UND SONDERTASTEN<br />
Page Nächste Seite des Speichers<br />
Page Down Bild abwärts Nächste Seite des Speichers<br />
PageErase Seite löschen<br />
Page Up Bild aufwärts Vorige Seite des Speichers<br />
Pause Pause Pause<br />
PFK Program Function Key<br />
PrevWin Previous window<br />
PrintScreen Druck Hardcopy des Bildschirms<br />
Reset Setzt Terminal zurück<br />
Return Zeilenwechsel Zeilenwechsel, Eingabe vollziehen<br />
Right Pfeil rechts Cursor nach rechts<br />
Rubout Zeichen löschen, wie DEL<br />
ScrollLock Rollen Hält Bildschirm an<br />
Send Sende Seite zum Computer<br />
Setup Zeigt Konfiguration an<br />
Shift Umschaltung Umschaltung groß-klein<br />
Space Leertaste ASCII-Nr. 32, Leerschritt<br />
SOH Start of header<br />
SUB Substitute character, ASCII-Nr. 26<br />
SYN Synch idle<br />
SysRq S-Abf System request, System-Anfrage<br />
Tab Tab (Horizontal-)Tabulator<br />
Up Pfeil aufwärts Cursor nach oben<br />
Daneben finden sich auf den Tastaturen einzelner Hersteller<br />
noch Tasten mit angebissenen Äpfeln, fliegenden Fenstern und<br />
dergleichen.
C Typografische Maße<br />
C.1 Papierformate<br />
In der EDV sind folgende Papierformate gebräuchlich (Ein Zoll<br />
(inch) sind 25,4 mm oder 72 Punkte):<br />
• DIN A3 Blattgröße 297 mm x 420 mm entsprechend 842 p<br />
x 1190 p.<br />
• DIN A4 Blattgröße 210 mm x 297 mm entsprechend 595 p<br />
x 842 p, näherungsweise 8 Zoll x 12 Zoll.<br />
• Briefumschlag DIN lang 110 mm x 220 mm<br />
• Tabellierpapier schmal Blattgröße einschließlich<br />
Lochrand 240 mm x 305 mm, ohne Lochrand 210 mm<br />
x 305 mm, also annähernd DIN A4. 305 mm sind 12 Zoll.<br />
• Tabellierpapier breit Blattgröße einschließlich Lochrand<br />
375 mm x 305 mm.<br />
Bei 10 Zeichen/Zoll faßt die Zeile 132 Zeichen, bei 12 Zeichen/Zoll<br />
158 Zeichen, bei 15 Zeichen/Zoll 198 Zeichen.<br />
• Executive amerikanisch, Blattgröße 7.25 Zoll x 10.5 Zoll<br />
(184,2 mm x 266,7 mm) entsprechend 540 p x 720 p.<br />
• Ledger amerikanisch, Blattgröße 17 Zoll x 11 Zoll<br />
(431,8 mm x 279,4 mm) entsprechend 1224 p x 792 p, Querformat.<br />
• Legal amerikanisch, Blattgröße 8.5 Zoll x 14 Zoll<br />
(215,9 mm x 355,6 mm) entsprechend 612 p x 1008 p.<br />
• Letter amerikanisch, Blattgröße 8.5 Zoll x 11 Zoll<br />
(215,9 mm x 279,4 mm) entsprechend 612 p x 792 p,<br />
Schreibmaschinenpapier.<br />
• Tabloid amerikanisch, Blattgröße 11 Zoll x 17 Zoll<br />
(279,4 mm x 431,8 mm) entsprechend 792 p x 1224 p.<br />
Es ist zwischen der Blattgröße, der Größe des adressierbaren<br />
Bereichs (logische Seite) und der Größe des beschreibbaren Bereichs<br />
zu unterscheiden. Näheres beispielsweise im HP PCL 5<br />
31
32 ANHANG C. TYPOGRAFISCHE MASSE<br />
Printer Language Technical Reference Manual (das leider nicht<br />
zum Lieferumfang der HP Laserdrucker gehört, für die System-<br />
Manager aber äußerst wichtig ist).<br />
C.2 Schriftgrößen<br />
Bei den Schriftgrößen oder -graden finden sich mehrere Maßsysteme.<br />
In Mitteleuropa ist traditionell das aus dem Bleisatz<br />
stammende Punktsystem nach FRANÇOIS AMBROISE DIDOT gebräuchlich,<br />
das die Höhe der Schrifttype (nicht des Buchstabens)<br />
angibt. Es geht auf den französischen Fuß zurück; ein Punkt war<br />
früher 0,376 mm, heute ist er in Angleichung an das metrische<br />
System 0,375 mm. Die wichtigsten Größen werden auch mit eigenen<br />
Namen bezeichnet (12 pt = Cicero). Die untere Grenze der<br />
Lesbarkeit liegt bei 9 pt, optimal sind 12 pt.<br />
Auf englische Füße geht das Pica-System zurück, in dem 1<br />
Pica gleich 12 Points oder 4,216 mm (1/6 Zoll) ist. Hiervon abgeleitet<br />
ist das IBM-Pica-System, in dem Pica eine Schrift mit<br />
6 Zeilen pro Zoll und 10 Zeichen pro Zoll ist. Elite bedeutet 12<br />
Zeichen pro Zoll bei gleichem Zeilenabstand.<br />
Auf deutschen Schreibmaschinen war Pica eine Schriftart mit<br />
2,6 mm Schrittweite (etwa 10 Zeichen pro Zoll) und Perl eine<br />
Schriftart mit 2,3 mm Schrittweite.
D Farben<br />
D.1 RGB-Farbwerte<br />
D.2 X11-Farben<br />
Eine Auswahl der von X11 verwendeten Farben. Die vollständige<br />
Liste ist in /etc/X11/rgb.txt, /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/rgb.<br />
txt oder /usr/lib/x11/rgb.txt zu finden. Mittels showrgb<br />
werden die Farben mit ihren Zahlenwerten (RGB-Tripletts) aufgelistet.<br />
Das Kommando xcolors stellt in einem großen Fenster<br />
alle Farben gleichzeitig samt ihren Bezeichnungen dar, das Kommando<br />
xcolorsel in einem kleinen Fenster einen Ausschnitt<br />
samt Hexwerten und Bezeichnungen. Die tatsächliche Farbdarstellung<br />
hängt vom Bildschirm bzw. Drucker ab, deshalb sind die<br />
Farbmuster nur als Orientierungshilfe zu verstehen.<br />
X11 stellt auch Farben dar, die nicht in dieser Liste genannt<br />
sind. Darüber hinaus kann sich ein Benutzer mit einem Farbeditor<br />
eigene Farben für X11 mischen. Nach dem RGB-Modell arbeiten<br />
xcolmix (Debian) und xcoloredit, zu holen bei http:<br />
//freebsd.home4u.ch/de/ oder ftp://export.lcs.mit.<br />
edu/R5contrib/. Ein durchschnittlicher Benutzer kommt jedoch<br />
mit den vorgefertigten Farben aus.<br />
Farbe Colour RGB-Vektor Hex, 8bittig<br />
weiß white 255,255,255 #ffffff<br />
gelb yellow 255,255,0 #ffff00<br />
fuchsienrot magenta1 255,0,255 #ff00ff<br />
cyan cyan1 0,255,255 #00ffff<br />
rot red 255,0,0 #ff0000<br />
maigrün green 0,255,0 #00ff00<br />
blau blue1 0,0,255 #0000ff<br />
grau grey52 133,133,133 #868686<br />
olivgrün olive drab 107,142,35 #698e20<br />
purpur purple 160,32,240 #9e20ef<br />
33
34 ANHANG D. FARBEN<br />
dunkelgrün green4 0,139,0 #008a00<br />
kastanienbraun maroon 176,48,96 #ae3061<br />
grün green 0,255,0 #00ff00<br />
marineblau navy blue 0,0,128 #000086<br />
lachsrot salmon 250,128,114 #f78271<br />
dunkelrosa hot pink 255,105,180 #ff69b6<br />
dunkelorange dark orange 255,140,0 #ff8e00<br />
königsblau royal blue 65,105,225 #4169df<br />
altweiß antique white 250,235,215 #f7ebd7<br />
ocker navajo white 255,222,173 #ffdfae<br />
hellgrau light grey 211,211,211 #cfd3cf<br />
schwarz black 0,0,0 #000000<br />
D.3 HTML-Farben<br />
Eine Auswahl von Farben nach dem RGB-Farbmodell, ihren<br />
Bezeichnungen und ihren Hex-Codes, wie sie in HTML-Seiten<br />
verwendet werden. Die ersten 16 Farben können auf Webseiten<br />
über ihre englische Bezeichnung angesprochen werden; die<br />
Hex-Codes sollten immer richtig verstanden werden. Weiteres<br />
unter http:\\www.htmlhelp.com/cgi-bin/color.cgi oder<br />
http://www.seifert-web.de/info/bgclick.htm.<br />
Farbe Colour Hex Code<br />
weiß white #ffffff<br />
schwarz black #000000<br />
gelb yellow #ffff00<br />
fuchsienrot magenta, fuchsia #ff00ff<br />
cyan cyan, aqua #00ffff<br />
rot red #ff0000<br />
maigrün lime #00ff00<br />
blau blue #0000ff<br />
grau gray #808080<br />
olivgrün olive #808000<br />
purpur purple #800080<br />
dunkelgrün teal #008080<br />
kastanienbraun maroon #800000<br />
grün green #008000
D.3. HTML-FARBEN 35<br />
marineblau navy #000080<br />
silbern silver #c0c0c0<br />
lachsrot salmon #fa8072<br />
dunkelrosa hot pink #ff69b4<br />
dunkel orange dark orange #ff8c00<br />
königsblau royal blue #4169e1<br />
ocker navajo white #ffdead
E Hypertext Markup Language<br />
(HTML)<br />
An Hand einer einfachen Webseite – verfasst nach der Spezifikation<br />
von HTML 4.0 – wird die Verwendung von HTML erläutert.<br />
Die Seite ist von mehreren Programmen getestet und hat keine<br />
Fehlermeldungen erzeugt.<br />
Telefon +49 721 608 2404 (dienstlich)<br />
<br />
<br />
Email <br />
from <br />
37
38 ANHANG E. HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML)<br />
<br />
<br />
Die erste Zeile nennt die Document Type Declaration. Sie kann<br />
von Testprogrammen wie tidy automatisch hinzugefügt werden.<br />
Dann folgt das eigentliche HTML-Dokument von <br />
bis . Es gliedert sich in den Kopf von bis<br />
und den Rumpf von bis .<br />
Im Kopf steht der Titel (keine Sonderzeichen!) von <br />
bis , der auf dem Rahmen des Brauser-Fensters angezeigt<br />
wird. Dann folgen Meta-Informationen für Brauser und<br />
Suchmaschinen. Die Information über den Content-Type ist obligatorisch,<br />
der Rest optional.<br />
Im Rumpf wird zunächst ein Bild (Logo) im gif-Format eingebunden.<br />
Für Fotos empfiehlt sich das jpg-Format. Dann folgt eine<br />
Überschrift (Headline) dritter Stufe, die beiden obersten Stufen<br />
werden hier nicht verwendet. ist eine horizontale Trennlinie<br />
(horizontal ruler), ein Zeilenumbruch (line break) zusätzlich<br />
zu denen, die der Brauser von sich aus vornimmt.<br />
Die Email-Anschrift ist in Form eines anklickbaren Hyperlinks<br />
zwischen und angegeben. Der öffnende Tag <br />
enthält ein Attribut, nämlich den URL, der beim Anklicken angesprochen<br />
werden soll.<br />
Die Arbeitsgebiete sind in Form einer Auflistung (unordered<br />
list) zwischen und dargestellt. Die einzelnen Elemente<br />
stehen zwischen und . Es gibt auch Aufzählungen<br />
(ordered lists, OL).<br />
Der auf die Bibliothek weisende Hyperlink ruft auf dem<br />
Webserver ein cgi-Programm auf, das etwas tut und das Ergebnis<br />
dem Webserver zwecks Übertragung zum Brauser mitteilt.<br />
Die Information, die der Leser beim Anklicken dieses Hyperlinks<br />
erhält, wird also bei Bedarf zusammengestellt, sie ist dynamisch.<br />
Im vorliegenden Fall stammt sie auf Umwegen aus einer Datenbank.<br />
Gegen Ende werden der URL der vorliegenden Seite, das Datum<br />
der jüngsten Änderung und die Anschrift des zuständigen<br />
Webmasters angegeben. Das gehört sich so und fehlt oft.<br />
Die letzten drei Zeilen im Rumpf rufen Server Side Includes<br />
auf. Das sind wieder dynamische Informationen, die der Server<br />
nach Bedarf einfügt, jedoch ohne Hilfe eines anderen Programmes.<br />
Nicht unbedingt erforderlich, aber hier und da nützlich.
Dieses Beispiel soll zeigen, dass eine einfache Webseite keine<br />
höheren Programmierkenntnisse erfordert. Wenn Sie sich dann<br />
noch aus dem Netz oder im Buchhandel eine gute Einführung in<br />
HTML besorgen, sind Sie für Ihren Auftritt im WWW gerüstet.<br />
Später sollten Sie sich noch vom W3C die HTML-Spezifikation<br />
holen, zum Nachschlagen.<br />
39
F Die wichtigsten<br />
UNIX-Kommandos<br />
Einzelheiten siehe Online-Referenz-Handbuch. Das wichtigste<br />
Kommando zuerst, die übrigen nach Sachgebiet und dann alphabetisch<br />
geordnet:<br />
man man Beschreibung zum Kommando man(1) ausgeben<br />
man -k time man-Seiten zum Stichwort time auflisten<br />
apropos timeman-Seiten zum Stichwort time auflisten<br />
Allgemeines<br />
alias Alias in der Shell einrichten<br />
alias r=’fc -e -’<br />
at Programm zu einem beliebigen Zeitpunkt starten<br />
at 0815 Jan 24<br />
program<br />
EOF (meist control-d)<br />
bdf, df, du Plattenbelegung ermitteln<br />
df<br />
du .<br />
calendar Terminverwaltung (Reminder Service)<br />
(Datei $HOME/calendar muß existieren)<br />
calendar<br />
crontab Tabelle für cron erzeugen<br />
crontab crontabfile<br />
date Datum und Zeit anzeigen<br />
date<br />
echo, print Argument auf stdout schreiben<br />
echo ’Hallo, wie gehts?’<br />
exit Shell beenden<br />
exit<br />
kill Signal an Prozess senden<br />
kill process_id<br />
kill -s SIGHUP process_id<br />
leave an Feierabend erinnern<br />
40
leave 2215<br />
lock Terminal sperren<br />
lock<br />
newgrp Benutzergruppe wechseln<br />
newgrp student<br />
nice Priorität eines Programmes herabsetzen<br />
nice program<br />
nohup Programm von Sitzung abkoppeln<br />
nohup program &<br />
passwd Passwort ändern<br />
passwd<br />
yppasswd (in NIS-Clustern)<br />
ps laufende Prozesse anzeigen<br />
ps -ef<br />
script Sitzung mitschreiben<br />
script (beenden mit exit)<br />
set Umgebung anzeigen<br />
set<br />
sh, ksh, bashShells (Bourne, Korn, Bash)<br />
bash<br />
stty Terminal-Schnittstelle anzeigen<br />
stty<br />
su Usernamen wechseln (substituieren)<br />
su bjalex1<br />
tset, reset Terminal initialisieren<br />
tset vt100<br />
tty Terminalnamen (/dev/tty*) anzeigen<br />
tty<br />
who eingeloggte Benutzer auflisten<br />
who -H<br />
whoami, id meinen Namen anzeigen<br />
id<br />
xargs Argumentliste aufbauen und Kommando ausführen<br />
ls | xargs -i -t mv {} subdir/{}<br />
Dateien, Verzeichnisse<br />
cd Arbeitsverzeichnis wechseln<br />
cd<br />
cd /usr/local/bin<br />
41
42 ANHANG F. DIE WICHTIGSTEN UNIX-KOMMANDOS<br />
chgrp Gruppe einer Datei wechseln<br />
chgrp students file<br />
chmod Zugriffsrechte einel Datei ändern<br />
chmod 755 file<br />
chown Besitzer einer Datei wechseln<br />
chown aralex1 file<br />
cmp, diff zwei Dateien vergleichen<br />
cmp file1 file2<br />
compress Datei komprimieren<br />
compress file<br />
uncompress file.Z<br />
cp Datei kopieren<br />
cp original kopie<br />
file Dateityp ermitteln<br />
file file<br />
find, whereisDateien suchen<br />
find . -name file -print<br />
gzip Datei komprimieren (GNU)<br />
gzip file<br />
gunzip file.gz<br />
ln Datei linken<br />
ln file hardlinkname<br />
ln -s file softlinkname<br />
ls Verzeichnisse auflisten<br />
ls -al<br />
ls -l /usr/local<br />
mkdir Verzeichnis anlegen<br />
mkdir newdir<br />
mv Datei verschieben oder umbenennen<br />
mv oldfilename newfilename<br />
od (oktalen) Dump einer Datei ausgeben<br />
od -c file<br />
pwd Arbeitsverzeichnis anzeigen<br />
pwd<br />
rm, rmdir Datei oder leeres Verzeichnis löschen<br />
rm file<br />
rm -r dir (rekursiv)<br />
rmdir dir<br />
tar Datei-Archiv schreiben oder lesen<br />
tar -cf /dev/st0 ./dir &
touch leere Datei erzeugen, Zeitstempel ändern<br />
touch file<br />
Kommunikation, Netz<br />
ftp Datei Transfer<br />
ftp ftp.ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de<br />
hostname Hostnamen anzeigen<br />
hostname<br />
irc Netzgeschwätz<br />
irc (beenden mit /quit)<br />
kermit Datei übertragen, auch von/zu Nicht-UNIX-Anlagen<br />
kermit (beenden mit exit)<br />
mail,elm, Mail lesen und versenden<br />
mutt mail wulf.alex@mvm.uni-karlsruhe.de < file<br />
elm<br />
mutt<br />
netscape WWW-Browser (einer unter vielen)<br />
netscape &<br />
news Neuigkeiten anzeigen<br />
news -a<br />
nslookup Auskunft über Host<br />
nslookup mvmpc100.ciw.uni-kalrsuhe.de<br />
nslookup 129.13.118.100<br />
ping Verbindung prüfen<br />
ping 129.13.118.100<br />
ssh verschlüsselte Verbindung zu Host im Netz<br />
ssh mvmpc100.ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de<br />
rlogin Dialog mit UNIX-Host im Netz (unverschlüsselt)<br />
rlogin mvmpc100<br />
telnet Dialog mit Host im Netz (unverschlüsselt)<br />
telent mvmpc100<br />
tin, xn Newsreader<br />
rtin<br />
uucp Programmpaket mit UNIX-Netzdiensten<br />
whois Auskunft über Netzknoten<br />
whois -h whois.internic.net gatekeeper.dec.co<br />
write, talk Dialog mit eingeloggtem Benutzer<br />
talk wualex1@mvmpc100<br />
43
44 ANHANG F. DIE WICHTIGSTEN UNIX-KOMMANDOS<br />
Programmieren<br />
ar Gruppe von files archivieren<br />
ar -r archiv.a file1 file2<br />
cb C-Beautifier, Quelle verschönern<br />
cb prog.c > prog.b<br />
cc C-Compiler mit Linker<br />
cc -o prog prog.c<br />
ci einchecken in das RCS-System<br />
ci mysource.c<br />
co auschecken aus dem RCS-System<br />
co -l mysource.c<br />
lint C-Syntax-Prüfer<br />
lint prog.c<br />
make Compileraufruf vereinfachen<br />
make (Makefile erforderlich)<br />
sdb, xdb symbolischer Debugger<br />
xdb (einige Dateien erforderlich)<br />
Textverarbeitung<br />
adjust Text formatieren (einfachst)<br />
adjust -j -m60 textfile<br />
awk Listengenerator<br />
awk -f awkscript textfile (awk-Script erforderlich)<br />
cancel Druckauftrag löschen<br />
cancel lp-4711<br />
cat von stdin lesen, nach stdout schreiben<br />
cat textfile<br />
cat file1 file2 > file.all<br />
cat textfile<br />
cut Spalten aus Tabellen auswählen<br />
cut -f1 tablefile > newfile<br />
ed Zeileneditor, mit diff(1) nützlich<br />
ed textfile<br />
emacs Editor, alternativ zum vi(1) (GNU)<br />
emacs textfile<br />
expand Tabs ins Spaces umwandeln<br />
expand textfile > newfile<br />
grep, fgrep Muster in Dateien suchen
grep -i Unix textfile<br />
fgrep UNIX textfile<br />
head, tail Anfang bzw. Ende eines Textfiles anzeigen<br />
head textfile<br />
lp, lpr Datei über Spooler ausdrucken<br />
lp -dlp2 textfile<br />
lpr -Plp2 textfile<br />
lpstat, lpq Spoolerstatus anzeigen<br />
lpstat -t<br />
more, less Textfile schirmweise anzeigen<br />
more textfile<br />
ls -l | more<br />
nroff Textformatierer<br />
nroff nrofffile | lp<br />
recode Filter zur Umwandlung von Zeichensätzen (GNU)<br />
recode --help<br />
recode -l<br />
recode -v ascii-bs:EBCDIC-IBM textfile<br />
sed filternder Editor<br />
sed ’s/[A-Z]/[a-z]/g’ textfile > newfile<br />
sort Textfile zeilenweise sortieren<br />
sort liste | uniq > newfile<br />
spell Rechtschreibung prüfen<br />
spell spelling textfile+<br />
tee stdout zugleich in eine Datei schreiben<br />
who | tee whofile<br />
tr Zeichen in Textfile ersetzen<br />
tr -d "\015" < textfile1 > textfile2<br />
uniq sortiertes Textfile nach doppelten Zeilen durchsuchen<br />
sort liste | uniq > newfile<br />
vi Bildschirm-Editor, alternativ zum emacs(1)<br />
vi textfile<br />
view vi(1) nur zum Lesen aufrufen<br />
view textfile<br />
vis Dateien mit Steuersequenzen anzeigen<br />
vis textfile<br />
wc Zeichen, Wörter und Zeilen zählen<br />
wc textfile<br />
45
G Vergleich UNIX –<br />
DOS-Kommandos<br />
Der Vergleich bezieht sich auf Microsoft DOS 5.0 und UNIX V.3.<br />
Eine hundertprozentige Übereinstimmung in der Wirkung ist<br />
selten. Die Syntax der Kommandos ist immer verschieden.<br />
Optionen werden in UNIX durch –, in MS-DOS durch / eingeleitet.<br />
Die Verzeichnisse eines vollen Pfadnamens werden in<br />
UNIX durch /, in MS-DOS durch \ getrennt.<br />
In UNIX arbeitet man stets mit einem einzigen File-System;<br />
in MS-DOS hat jeder Datenträger (Diskette, Platte) sein eigenes<br />
File-System. Die Kommandos zum Behandeln der File-Systeme<br />
können daher keine Äquivalente haben.<br />
UNIX MS-DOS Wirkung<br />
cat, pg type zeigt File auf Bildschirm an<br />
cd cd wechselt Arbeitsverzeichnis<br />
chmod attrib ändert Fileattribute<br />
clear cls löscht Bildschirm<br />
cmp comp, fc vergleicht zwei Files<br />
cp copy, xcopy kopiert File<br />
date date zeigt Datum an<br />
date time zeigt Uhrzeit an<br />
exit exit verläßt Kommandointerpreter<br />
grep find sucht String in File<br />
lp print schickt File zum Drucker<br />
lpr print schickt File zum Drucker<br />
ls dir listet Verzeichnis auf<br />
mkdir mkdir legt Verzeichnis an<br />
more more zeigt File bildschirmweise an<br />
mv ren benennt File um<br />
pwd cd zeigt Arbeitsverzeichnis<br />
rm del löscht File<br />
rmdir rmdir löscht leeres Verzeichnis<br />
sh command ruft Kommandointerpreter auf<br />
sort sort sortiert File zeilenweise<br />
46
Wer mit beiden Betriebssystemen arbeitet, möchte vielleicht<br />
auf beiden Systemen die häufigsten Kommandos beider Systeme<br />
zur Verfügung haben, um nicht ständig umdenken zu müssen.<br />
Unter UNIX ist das mithilfe des link-Kommandos ln(1) mit geringem<br />
Aufwand zu erreichen. Man linkt beispielsweise das MS-<br />
DOS-Kommando copy auf das UNIX-Kommando cp(1), zweckmäßig<br />
im selben Verzeichnis: ln /bin/cp /bin/copy. Ein Alias<br />
leistet für einen einzelnen Benutzer denselben Dienst und<br />
läßt sich auch für interne Kommandos einrichten.<br />
Diese Möglichkeit gibt es unter MS-DOS nicht. Man kann<br />
nur ein Batch-File mit dem Namen des UNIX-Kommandos<br />
schreiben, das das MS-DOS-Kommando aufruft, beispielsweise<br />
cp.bat:<br />
@echo off<br />
c:dos\copy %1 %2 /v<br />
Seit MS-DOS 5.0 lassen sich mittels doskey auch Aliases einrichten.<br />
Es gibt außerdem von vielen UNIX-Kommandos Ausführungen,<br />
die unter MS-DOS laufen, siehe Abschnitt ?? MKS-<br />
Tools und andere. Insbesondere gibt es den Editor vi(1) unter<br />
dem Namen vim und den Archivierer tar(1) auch für DOS.<br />
Umlenkungen (>,
H Besondere<br />
UNIX-Kommandos<br />
H.1 vi(1)<br />
Kommando Wirkung<br />
esc schaltet in Kommando-Modus um<br />
h Cursor nach links<br />
j Cursor nach unten<br />
k Cursor nach oben<br />
l Cursor nach rechts<br />
0 Cursor an Zeilenanfang<br />
$ Cursor an Zeilenende<br />
nG Cursor in Zeile Nr. n<br />
G Cursor in letzte Zeile des Textes<br />
n+ Cursor n Zeilen vorwärts<br />
n- Cursor n Zeilen rückwärts<br />
a schreibe anschließend an Cursor<br />
i schreibe vor Cursor<br />
o öffne neue Zeile unterhalb Cursor<br />
O öffne neue Zeile oberhalb Cursor<br />
r ersetze das Zeichen auf Cursor<br />
R ersetze Text ab Cursor<br />
x lösche das Zeichen auf Cursor<br />
dd lösche Cursorzeile<br />
ndd lösche n Zeilen ab und samt Cursorzeile<br />
nY übernimm n Zeilen in Zwischenspeicher<br />
p schreibe Zwischenpuffer unterhalb Cursorzeile<br />
P schreibe Zwischenpuffer oberhalb Cursorzeile<br />
J hänge nächste Zeile an laufende an<br />
/abc suche String abc nach Cursor<br />
?abc suche String abc vor Cursor<br />
n wiederhole Stringsuche<br />
u mache letztes Kommando ungültig (undo)<br />
% suche Gegenklammer (in Programmen)<br />
48
H.2. EMACS(1) 49<br />
:read file lies file ein<br />
:w schreibe Text zurück (write, save)<br />
:q verlasse Editor ohne write (quit)<br />
:wq write und quit<br />
Weitere vi-Kommandos im Referenz-Handbuch unter vi(1), in<br />
verschiedenen Hilfen im Netz oder in dem Buch von MORRIS I.<br />
BOLSKY.<br />
H.2 emacs(1)<br />
Der emacs(1) kennt keine Modi, die Kommandos werden durch<br />
besondere Tastenkombinationen erzeugt. control h, t bedeutet:<br />
zuerst die Tastenkombination control h eintippen, loslassen,<br />
dann t eintippen. Die Mächtigkeit des Emacs zeigt sich daran,<br />
daß nicht ein Hilfefenster angeboten wird, sondern ein ganzes<br />
Tutorial.<br />
Kommando Wirkung<br />
emacs filename Aufruf zum Editieren des Files filename<br />
control h, t Tutorial<br />
control h, i Manuals<br />
control x, control s Text speichern<br />
control x, control x Text speichern, Editor verlassen<br />
Weitere emacs-Kommandos im Tutorial, im Referenz-Handbuch<br />
unter emacs(1), in verschiedenen Hilfen im Netz oder in dem<br />
Buch von D. CAMERON und B. ROSENBLATT.<br />
H.3 joe(1)<br />
Der joe(1) kennt keine Modi, die Kommandos werden durch<br />
besondere Tastenkombinationen erzeugt. control k, h bedeutet:<br />
zuerst die Tastenkombination control k eintippen, loslassen,<br />
dann h eintippen.<br />
Kommando Wirkung
50 ANHANG H. BESONDERE UNIX-KOMMANDOS<br />
joe filename Aufruf zum Editieren des Files filename<br />
control k, h Hilfe anzeigen<br />
control k, x Text speichern, Editor verlassen<br />
control c Editor ohne Speichern verlassen<br />
Weitere joe-Kommandos im Hilfefenster, im Referenz-<br />
Handbuch unter joe(1) oder in verschiedenen Hilfen im<br />
Netz.<br />
H.4 Drucken<br />
In der UNIX-Welt gibt es mehrere Systeme aus Druckdämonen<br />
und -kommandos. Man muß sich beim System-Manager erkundigen<br />
(oder experimentell ermitteln), welches Drucksystem verwendet<br />
wird. In ihrer Funktionalität ähneln sich die Systeme, in<br />
Einzelheiten und der Kommandosyntax unterscheiden sie sich.<br />
Aufgabe System V BSD LPRng HPDPS<br />
Druckauftrag geben lp lpr lpr pdpr<br />
Druckauftrag löschen cancel lprm lprm pdrm, pdclean<br />
Status abfragen lpstat lpq lpq pdq<br />
Spoolerdämon lpsched lp lp (Spooler)<br />
H.5 ftp(1)<br />
Wenn man eine FTP-Verbindung zu einem Computer im Netz unterhält,<br />
stehen nur ftp-Kommandos für die Fileübertragung zur<br />
Verfügung, die mit den UNIX-Kommandos nichts zu tun haben.<br />
Die wichtigsten von etwa 70 sind:<br />
Kommando Wirkung<br />
ftp Beginn der FTP-Sitzung<br />
open Verbinden mit angegebener Adresse<br />
user Eingabe Benutzernamen<br />
pwd print working directory, wie UNIX<br />
cd change directory, wie UNIX
H.5. FTP(1) 51<br />
lcd change local directory<br />
dir, ls Verzeichnis auflisten<br />
ascii in ASCII-Modus schalten (für ASCII-Texte)<br />
binary in binären Modus schalten (für alle übrigen Files)<br />
get File vom Host holen<br />
get README |more kurzes Textfile README on-line lesen<br />
put File zum Host schicken<br />
mget multi-get, mehrere Files auf einmal holen<br />
mput multi-put, mehrere Files auf einmal schicken<br />
prompt Abfragen bei mget und mput unterdrücken<br />
rhelp Kommandos der Übertragung anzeigen<br />
close Verbindung (nicht Sitzung) beenden<br />
bye, quit Sitzung beenden<br />
help lokale Hilfe zu Kommandos anzeigen<br />
? cmd Hilfe zum Kommando cmd anzeigen
I UNIX-Dateisystem<br />
I.1 Zugriffsrechte<br />
• d Verzeichnis (directory),<br />
• l weicher (symbolischer) Link,<br />
• c Character Device File,<br />
• b Block Device File,<br />
• p Named Pipe (FIFO),<br />
• n Network Device File,<br />
• s an vorderster Stelle: Socket,<br />
• - an vorderster Stelle: reguläre Datei, sonst gleichbedeutend<br />
mit nicht gesetztem Recht, Zahlenwert 0,<br />
• r lesen (read), kopieren, bei Verzeichnissen: mit ls(1) auflisten,<br />
Zahlenwert 4,<br />
• w schreiben (write), ändern, bei Verzeichnissen Dateien anlegen<br />
oder löschen, Zahlenwert 2,<br />
• x ausführen (execute, was nur bei Programmen sinnvoll<br />
ist), bei Verzeichnissen mit cd(1) hinein- oder hindurchgehen<br />
(search), Zahlenwert 1,<br />
• S bei den Besitzerrechten: Set-User-ID-Bit gesetzt, Zahlenwert<br />
4, x nicht gesetzt,<br />
• s bei den Besitzerrechten: Set-User-ID-Bit gesetzt, Zahlenwert<br />
4, x gesetzt,<br />
• S bei den Gruppenrechten: Set-Group-ID-Bit gesetzt, Zahlenwert<br />
2, x nicht gesetzt,<br />
• s bei den Gruppenrechten: Set-Group-ID-Bit gesetzt, Zahlenwert<br />
2, x gesetzt,<br />
• T Sticky Bit gesetzt, Zahlenwert 1, x nicht gesetzt,<br />
• t Sticky Bit, Zahlenwert 1, und x gesetzt,<br />
52
I.1. ZUGRIFFSRECHTE 53<br />
Tab. I.1: Zugriffsrechte von Dateien und Verzeichnissen, Beispiele<br />
Rechte Rechte Besitzer Gruppe Rest der Welt<br />
000 - - - - - - - - - Rechte ändern nichts nichts<br />
700 r w x - - - - - - alles nichts nichts<br />
600 r w - - - - - - - lesen + schreiben nichts nichts<br />
500 r - x - - - - - - lesen + ausführen nichts nichts<br />
400 r - - - - - - - - lesen nichts nichts<br />
300 - w x - - - - - - schreiben + ausführen nichts nichts<br />
200 - w - - - - - - - schreiben nichts nichts<br />
100 - - x - - - - - - ausführen nichts nichts<br />
750 r w x r - x - - - alles lesen + ausführen nichts<br />
640 r w - - - - - - - lesen + schreiben lesen nichts<br />
755 r w x r - x r - x alles lesen + ausführen lesen + ausführen<br />
644 r w - r - - r - - lesen + schreiben lesen lesen<br />
664 r w - r w - r - - lesen + schreiben lesen + schreiben lesen<br />
775 r w x r w x r - x alles alles lesen + ausführen<br />
777 r w x r w x r w x alles alles alles<br />
1000 - - - - - - - - T nichts nichts nichts, Sticky Bit<br />
2000 - - - - - S - - - nichts nichts, sgid-Bit nichts<br />
4000 - - S - - - - - - nichts, suid-Bit nichts nichts<br />
4600 r w S - - - - - - lesen + schreiben, suid-Bit nichts nichts<br />
4700 r w s - - - - - - alles, suid-Bit nichts nichts<br />
6750 r w s r - x - - - alles, suid-Bit lesen + ausführen, sgid-Bit nichts<br />
4555 r - s r - x r - x lesen + ausführen, suid-Bit lesen + ausführen lesen + ausführen<br />
7555 r - s r - s r - t lesen + ausführen, suid-Bit lesen + ausführen, sgid-Bit lesen + ausführen, Sticky Bit
54 ANHANG I. UNIX-DATEISYSTEM<br />
I.2 Kennungen<br />
Unter UNIX ist es nicht gebräuchlich, den Typ eines Files durch<br />
ein Anhängsel (Kennung, Erweiterung, Extension) an seinen<br />
Namen zu kennzeichnen, aber es ist erlaubt. Die Länge der Kennung<br />
ist beliebig, es dürfen auch zwei Kennungen angefügt werden,<br />
zum Beispiel .ps.gz. Folgende Kennungen (a = ASCII-<br />
Text, b = binäres File, ? = wechselnd oder unbekannt) sind verbreitet:<br />
$$$ ? Temporäres File<br />
10X b Gemini 10X Printer Graphics<br />
a b UNIX-Archiv, mit ar(1) erzeugt<br />
acr b ACR-NEMA Medical Image<br />
adf ? Adapter Description (IBM)<br />
adi b AutoCAD DXF<br />
adn ? Add In Utility (Lotus)<br />
afm ? Adobe Font Metrics (Adobe)<br />
ai ? Adobe Illustrator<br />
ani b Atari ST Graphics Format<br />
ans b ANSI-Grafik<br />
app ? Application (RBase, NeXT)<br />
arc ? Archiv, mit arc oder pkpak komprimiert<br />
arj b Archiv, mit ??? komprimiert<br />
art b First Publisher Clip Art<br />
asc a ASCII-Textfile<br />
asm a Assembler-Quelle<br />
atk b Andrew Toolkit Raster Object<br />
au b Sound (Sun, NeXT)<br />
aux ? TeX Hilfsfile, mit Bezügen<br />
avi b Microsoft RIFF<br />
avs b Intel DVI<br />
bak a Backup<br />
bas b BASIC-Quelle<br />
bat a Batchfile unter MS-DOS, entsprechend Shellscript<br />
bbl a BIBTeX Literaturverzeichnis<br />
bck ? Backup<br />
bfx b Bitfax<br />
bgi b Borland Graphic Interface<br />
bib ? Bibliographie
I.2. KENNUNGEN 55<br />
bif b Binary Image<br />
bin b binäres File<br />
bit b TeX Ausgabe des Druckertreibers<br />
bk a Backup (WordPerfect)<br />
bld b BASIC Bload Graphics<br />
bm b X11 Bitmap<br />
bmp b Microsoft Bitmap Graphics (Windows, OS/2)<br />
bnd b Microsoft RIFF<br />
bob b BOB Image<br />
bpx b Lumena Paint<br />
bsc ? Boyan Script<br />
bsv b BASIC Bsave Graphics<br />
btm a Batchfile unter 4DOS<br />
bw b SGI Image File Format<br />
byu b Movie BYU<br />
c a C-Quelle<br />
C a C++-Quelle<br />
c64 b Commodore 64 Image<br />
cab ? Microsoft Cabinet<br />
cal b CAL Raster<br />
cap a Capture-File (Telix)<br />
cat a Catalogue, Verzeichnis<br />
cbl a COBOL-Quelle<br />
cc a C++-Quelle<br />
cco b Btx-Grafik<br />
cdf ? Comma delimited format<br />
cdi b Philips CD-I IFF<br />
cdr b Corel Draw Vektorgrafik<br />
cdx ? Compound Index (FoxPro)<br />
cel b Lumena CEL<br />
cfg ? Konfigurations-File<br />
cgm b Computer Graphics Metafile (Harvard Graphics, Lotus)<br />
chk ? von chkdsk erzeugtes File (MS-DOS)<br />
chm b compilierte HTML-Datei<br />
cht b Harvard Graphics<br />
clp ? Clipboard (Windows), Clip Art, GRASP<br />
cmd a Command, Skript, Batchfile unter OS/2<br />
cmi b Intel DVI<br />
cmu b CMU Window Manager Bitmap<br />
cnc a CNC-Programme
56 ANHANG I. UNIX-DATEISYSTEM<br />
cnf ? Konfigurations-File<br />
cob a COBOL-Quelle<br />
cod ? Codeliste<br />
com b Kommando (MS-DOS), ausführbares Programm<br />
cpi ? Code Page Information (MS-DOS)<br />
cpp a C++-Quelle<br />
cpt ? Compact Pro (Kompressor Macintosh)<br />
crd ? Cardfile<br />
crf ? Cross Reference<br />
csv a Comma Separated Values<br />
ctx b Signaturfile (PGP)<br />
cube b Cubicomp Picturemaker Image<br />
cue ? Cuecard (Volltext-DB, Windows)<br />
cur b Microsoft Windows Cursor Image<br />
cut b Dr. Halo Bitmap<br />
cvf b Compressed Volume<br />
cxx a C++-Quelle<br />
dat a Daten<br />
db b Datenbank (Paradox)<br />
dbf ? Datenbank (dBase)<br />
dcf ? Driver Configuration file<br />
dcs b Quark Desktop Color Separation EPS<br />
dct ? Dictionary<br />
dcx b Fax-File<br />
dd ? Disk Doubler<br />
ddif ? DEC DDIF<br />
def ? Definitionen, Defaultwerte<br />
dem b Demonstration<br />
des ? Description<br />
dhp b Dr. Halo PIC<br />
dib b Microsoft Windows Bitmap, OS/2 Bitmap<br />
dic ? Dictionary<br />
dif ? Lotus Data Interchange Format<br />
dir a Directory, Verzeichnis<br />
dll b Dynamically Linked Library (OS/2, Windows)<br />
doc a Dokument, Text (MS Word)<br />
dok a Dokument, Text<br />
dpx b Cineon DPX<br />
drs b Driver Resource (WordPerfect)<br />
drv b Device Driver
I.2. KENNUNGEN 57<br />
drw b Drawing<br />
dta a Daten<br />
dv a Desqview Scriptfile<br />
dvi b Metafile von TeX, geräteunabhängig<br />
dvr b Device Driver<br />
dxb b Drawing Interchange Binary (AutoCAD)<br />
dxf b Data Exchange Format (AutoCAD)<br />
ega b EGA-Grafik<br />
eidi b Electric Image EIDI<br />
el a Emacs Lisp<br />
elc b Emacs Lisp compiled<br />
emf ? Enhanced Metafile Format<br />
eml a Electronic Mail<br />
enc b encoded<br />
eps b Adobe Encapsulated Postscript<br />
epsi b Encapsulated Postscript Preview<br />
err a Error, Fehlerprotokoll<br />
etx ? Setext<br />
exe b executable, ausführbares Programm (MS-DOS)<br />
f a FORTRAN-Quelle<br />
fax b G3 Fax<br />
fbc b Family Tree Maker Backup for DOS<br />
fbk b Family Tree Maker Backup for Windows<br />
fd ? Font Description<br />
fif ? Fractal Image Format<br />
fits b Flexible Image Transport System<br />
fli b EmTeX Fontlibrary<br />
fnt b Font<br />
fop b Freedom of Press Graphics<br />
for a FORTRAN-Quelle<br />
fpx b Flash Pics Raster Image<br />
fs b Usenix Face Saver<br />
ftm b Family Tree Maker for DOS<br />
ftw b Family Tree Maker for Windows<br />
fxs b Fax (Winfax)<br />
g3 b G3 Fax<br />
gem ? GEM Meta<br />
gfb b Gifblast compressed GIF image<br />
gif b CompuServe Graphics Interchange Format<br />
glo a TeX Glossar
58 ANHANG I. UNIX-DATEISYSTEM<br />
go b GraphOn Graphics<br />
goes b NOAA Satellite Data<br />
grib b Gridded Binary (WMO)<br />
gz b mit GNU gzip(1) komprimiert<br />
h a Header-File , include-File<br />
hex b Hexdump<br />
hdf ? Hierarchical Data Format<br />
hips b Human Information Processing Laboratory<br />
hpp a Header-File C++<br />
hqx b Macintosh BinHex encoded<br />
hta ? HTML-Anwendung<br />
htm a Hypertext-Markup-Language (DOS-Welt)<br />
html a Hypertext-Markup-Language (UNIX-Welt)<br />
i a C-Quelle nach Präprozessor-Durchlauf<br />
iax b Image Access Executive<br />
icc b Kodak ICC Printer<br />
ico b Microsoft Windows Icon Image<br />
icr b NCSA Telnet Interactive Color Raster Graphic<br />
idx a Index<br />
iff b Sun Interchange File Format<br />
ilbm b Amiga Interleaved Bitmap<br />
img b Image, GEM Paint, Rastergrafik/Bitmap<br />
inf a Information, Installationsskript<br />
ini ? Konfigurationsfile (Initialisierung)<br />
jar ? Java Archiv<br />
jfi b JPEG File Interchange Format<br />
jif b JPEG Interchange Format<br />
jpeg b Joint Photographic Experts Group Compressed<br />
jpg b Joint Photographic Experts Group Compressed<br />
js a Javascript<br />
jse b Javascript kodiert<br />
l a lex(1)-Quelle<br />
lan b Erdas<br />
lib b Library, Bibliothek<br />
lj b HP Laserjet Graphics<br />
lof a TeX Bildverzeichnis (list of figures)<br />
log a Protokollfile, TeX Meldungen während der Übersetzung<br />
lot a TeX Tabellenverzeichnis (list of tables)<br />
lst a Liste<br />
ltm b EOSAT’s Landsat Thematic Mapper Data
I.2. KENNUNGEN 59<br />
lzh b Archiv, mit lha komprimiert<br />
m4 a m4(1)-Präprozessor<br />
mac b Macintosh Paint<br />
map b Map-File (Quick C)<br />
mak a Makefile<br />
mdb ? Microsoft Data Base (Access)<br />
mdf ? Menu Definition<br />
mgr b MGR Bitmap<br />
mid b Midi Sound<br />
mif b Maker Interchange Format (FrameMaker)<br />
miff b Magick Image File Format<br />
mod b MODULA-Quelle, Amiga-Modul (Sound)<br />
mpeg b Motion Pictures Expert Group (Filme)<br />
mpnt b Apple Macintosh MacPaint<br />
msp b Microsoft Windows Paint<br />
mtv b MTV Raytracer<br />
neo b Atari NeoChrome Image<br />
nff ? Neutral File Format<br />
nitf b National Image Transmission<br />
o b Objekt-Code<br />
obj b Objekt-Code<br />
old ? Kopie eines Files vor Überschreiben<br />
omf a Open Source Metadata Framework<br />
ovl b Overlay<br />
ovr b Overlay, Overview<br />
p a PASCAL-Quelle<br />
pak b Archiv, mit pkpak komprimiert<br />
pax b Portable Archive Exchange<br />
pbm b Portable Bitmap<br />
pcd b Kodak Photo Compact Disc<br />
pcl a HP Printer Control Language<br />
pct b Macintosh PICT<br />
pcx b Paintbrush, Rastergrafik<br />
pdf b Adobe Portable Document Format<br />
pds b NASA Planetary Image, PDS/VICAR<br />
pi1 b Atari Degas<br />
pic b Lotus/Pixar/Radiance Picture, Softimage Image<br />
pics b Apple Macintosh PICS<br />
pict b Apple Macintosh QuickDraw<br />
pif b Program Information
60 ANHANG I. UNIX-DATEISYSTEM<br />
pit b PackIt (Kompressor Macintosh)<br />
pix b Inset PIX, Lumena Paint, Alias Image<br />
pj b HP PaintJet Graphics<br />
pk b Packed Format Font<br />
png b Portable Network Graphics<br />
pnm b PBM Portable Any Map<br />
pov b Persistance of Vision<br />
pps ? Power Point Slide Show<br />
ppt ? Power Point<br />
prn a Druckerfile<br />
prt b Parallel Ray Trace<br />
ps b Postscript<br />
psf b Permanent Swap<br />
ptr b OS/2 PTR File<br />
ptx b Printronix Graphics<br />
qdv b Random Dot QDV<br />
qfx b Fax-File (Quicklink)<br />
qrt b QRT Ray Tracer<br />
qtm b QuickTime<br />
r a Rational-FORTRAN-Quelle<br />
ras b SUN/CALS Raster Grafik<br />
rdi b Microsoft RIFF<br />
reg ? MS Windows Registry<br />
rff b Dore Raster File Format<br />
rgb b SGI RGB Image<br />
riff b Letraset Image<br />
rix b Softworks Paint Tool Colorix<br />
rla b Wavefront Run Length Encoded Version A Raster Image<br />
rlb b Wavefront Run Length Encoded Version B Raster Image<br />
rle b Utah Run Length Encoded Image<br />
rm b Real Media<br />
rpm ? Red Hat Package Manager<br />
rtf ? Rich Text Format<br />
s a Assembler-Quelle<br />
scan b Thunderscan Image<br />
scr b Screensaver, SUN/CALS Raster Grafik<br />
sdf ? Space Delimited File<br />
sea ? Self Extracting Archive (Macintosh)<br />
sgi b SGI Image File Format<br />
sh a Bourne-Shell-Script
I.2. KENNUNGEN 61<br />
shar a Bourne-Shell-Archiv<br />
shr a Shell-Archiv<br />
shtml a Server Parsed HTML Document<br />
sir b Solitaire<br />
sit b Macintosh StuffIt Archive<br />
six b DEC LN03+ Sixel<br />
sld b AutoCAD Slide<br />
spc b Atari Compressed Spectrum<br />
spl ? Future Splash Player<br />
spot b SPOT Satellite Image<br />
spu b Atari Compressed Spectrum<br />
src a Program Source Code<br />
stf ? Structured File<br />
swf ? Shockwave Flash<br />
swt ? Shockwave Template<br />
sys b Treiber unter MS-DOS<br />
tar b tar(1)-Archiv<br />
tdf ? Trace/Typeface Definition<br />
tdi b TDI Image<br />
tex a TeX- oder LaTeX-Quelltext<br />
tfm b TeX-Font-Metrics<br />
tga b Truevision TARGA Image<br />
tgz b .tar.gz, tar-Archiv, GNUzip komprimiert<br />
tif b Tag Image File Format (Scanner)<br />
tiff b Tag Image File Format (Scanner)<br />
tmp ? temporäres File<br />
toc a Hilfsfile von TeX (table of contents)<br />
tpu b Turbo Pascal Unit<br />
ttf b TrueType Font<br />
txt a Textfile, lesbar<br />
tz b tar.Z, tar-Archiv, compress(1)-komprimiert<br />
uil b Motif UIL Icon<br />
uu a uuencoded File, ASCII, aber nicht lesbar<br />
uud a uuencoded File, ASCII, aber nicht lesbar<br />
uue a uuencoded File, ASCII, aber nicht lesbar<br />
vbe b kodiertes Visual-Basic-Skript<br />
vbs a Visual-Basic-skript<br />
vcf b Visiting Card File<br />
vdi b Digital Research GEM VDI<br />
vi b Jovian Logic Video Capture
62 ANHANG I. UNIX-DATEISYSTEM<br />
viff b Khoros Visualization Image<br />
voc b Creative Labs Sound<br />
vort b VORT Raytracer Image<br />
wav b Microsoft Windows Sound (RIFF)<br />
web a WEB-Quelle<br />
wfx b Fax-File (Winfax)<br />
wma b Windows Media Audio<br />
wmf b Windows Metafile Format<br />
wpg a WordPerfect Graphics Metafile<br />
wps a Microsoft Works Textfile<br />
wri a Windows Textfile<br />
wsh ? MS Windows Scripting Host Skript<br />
x b SuperDisk Self-extracting Archive<br />
xbm b X11 Bitmap<br />
xim b X11 Xim Toolkit<br />
xls ? MS-Excel-Datei<br />
xos b Xaos Tools Image<br />
xpm b X11 Pixmap<br />
xv b Khoros Visualization Image<br />
xwd b X11 Dump Image<br />
y a yacc(1)-Quelle<br />
ybm b Face File<br />
yuv b Abekas YUV<br />
Z b mit compress(1) (UNIX) komprimiert<br />
z b mit GNU gzip komprimiert (veraltet, besser gz)<br />
zinc b Zinc Interface Library Icon<br />
zip b mit pkzip komprimiert<br />
zoo b mit zoo komprimiert<br />
Weitere Sammlungen von File-Kennungen finden sich im<br />
Netz unter:<br />
http://www.extsearch.com/<br />
http://www.stack.com/<br />
http://filext.com/<br />
http://www.namext.net/<br />
http://home.t-online.de/home/her-herrmann/Prgkenn.html<br />
Postscript- oder PDF-Files bestehen zwar aus ASCII-Zeichen<br />
und lassen sich auch editieren, sofern man die Sprache kennt,<br />
dürfen aber nur im binären Modus von FTP übertragen werden,<br />
um keine Zeichen zu verändern.
J UNIX-Systemaufrufe<br />
Systemaufrufe werden vom Anwendungsprogramm wie eigene<br />
oder fremde Funktionen angesehen. Ihrem Ursprung nach sind<br />
es auch C-Funktionen. Sie sind jedoch nicht Bestandteil einer<br />
Funktionsbibliothek, sondern gehören zum Betriebssystem und<br />
sind nicht durch andere Funktionen erweiterbar.<br />
Die Systemaufrufe – als Bestandteil des Betriebssystems<br />
– sind für alle Programmiersprachen dieselben, während die<br />
Funktionsbibliotheken zur jeweiligen Programmiersprache gehören.<br />
Folgende Systemaufrufe sind unter UNIX verfügbar:<br />
access prüft Zugriff auf File<br />
acct startet und stoppt Prozess Accounting<br />
alarm setzt Weckeruhr für Prozess<br />
atexit Funktion für Programmende<br />
brk ändert Speicherzuweisung<br />
chdir wechselt Arbeitsverzeichnis<br />
chmod ändert Zugriffsrechte eines Files<br />
chown ändert Besitzer eines Files<br />
chroot ändert Root-Verzeichnis<br />
close schließt einen File-Deskriptor<br />
creat öffnet File, ordnet Deskriptor zu<br />
dup dupliziert File-Deskriptor<br />
errno Fehlervariable der Systemaufrufe<br />
exec führt ein Programm aus<br />
exit beendet einen Prozess<br />
fcntl Filesteuerung<br />
fork erzeugt einen neuen Prozess<br />
fsctl liest Information aus File-System<br />
fsync schreibt File aus Arbeitsspeicher auf Platte<br />
getaccess ermittelt Zugriffsrechte<br />
getacl ermittelt Zugriffsrechte<br />
getcontext ermittelt Kontext eines Prozesses<br />
getdirentries ermittelt Verzeichnis-Einträge<br />
getgroups ermittelt Gruppenrechte eines Prozesses<br />
gethostname ermittelt Namen des Systems<br />
63
64 ANHANG J. UNIX-SYSTEMAUFRUFE<br />
getitimer setzt oder liest Intervall-Uhr<br />
getpid liest Prozess-ID<br />
gettimeofdayermittelt Zeit<br />
getuid liest User-ID des aufrufenden Prozesses<br />
ioctl I/O-Steuerung<br />
kill schickt Signal an einen Prozess<br />
link linkt ein File<br />
lockf setzt Semaphore und Record-Sperren<br />
lseek bewegt Schreiblesezeiger in einem File<br />
mkdir erzeugt Verzeichnis<br />
mknod erzeugt File<br />
mount hängt File-System in File-Hierarchie ein<br />
msgctl Interprozess-Kommunikation<br />
nice ändert die Priorität eines Prozesses<br />
open öffnet File zum Lesen oder Schreiben<br />
pause suspendiert Prozess bis zum Empfang eines Signals<br />
pipe erzeugt eine Pipe<br />
prealloc reserviert Arbeitsspeicher<br />
profil ermittelt Zeiten bei der Ausführung eines Programmes<br />
read liest aus einem File<br />
readlink liest symbolisches Link<br />
rename ändert Filenamen<br />
rmdir löscht Verzeichnis<br />
rtprio ändert Echtzeit-Priorität<br />
semctl Semaphore<br />
setgrp setzt Gruppen-Zugriffsrechte eines Prozesses<br />
setuid setzt User-ID eines Prozesses<br />
signal legt fest, was auf ein Signal hin zu tun ist<br />
stat liest die Inode eines Files<br />
statfs liest Werte des File-Systems<br />
symlink erzeugt symbolischen Link<br />
sync schreibt Puffer auf Platte<br />
szsconf ermittelt Systemwerte<br />
time ermittelt die Systemzeit<br />
times ermittelt Zeitverbrauch eines Prozesses<br />
truncate schneidet File ab<br />
umask setzt oder ermittelt Filezugriffsmaske<br />
umount entfernt Filesystem aus File-Hierarchie<br />
unlink löscht File<br />
ustat liest Werte des File-Systems
utime setzt Zeitstempel eines Files<br />
wait wartet auf Ende eines Kindprozesses<br />
write schreibt in ein File<br />
Die Aufzählung kann durch weitere Systemaufrufe des jeweiligen<br />
Lieferanten des Betriebssystems (z. B. Hewlett-Packard)<br />
ergänzt werden. Diese erleichtern das Programmieren, verschlechtern<br />
aber die Portabilität. Zu den meisten Systemaufrufen<br />
mit get... gibt es ein Gegenstück set..., das in einigen<br />
Fällen dem Superuser vorbehalten ist.<br />
65
K UNIX-Signale<br />
Die Default-Reaktion eines Prozesses auf die meisten Signale ist<br />
seine Beendigung; sie können aber abgefangen und umdefiniert<br />
werden. Die Signale 09, 24 und 26 können nicht abgefangen werden.<br />
Die Bezeichnungen sind nicht ganz einheitlich. Weiteres unter<br />
signal(2), signal(5) oder signal(7).<br />
Name Nr. Bedeutung<br />
SIGHUP 01 hangup<br />
SIGINT 02 interrupt (meist Break-Taste)<br />
SIGQUIT 03 quit<br />
SIGILL 04 illegal instruction<br />
SIGTRAP 05 trace trap<br />
SIGABRT 06 software generated abort<br />
SIGIOT 06 software generated signal<br />
SIGEMT 07 software generated signal<br />
SIGFPE 08 floating point exception<br />
SIGKILL 09 kill (sofortiger Selbstmord)<br />
SIGBUS 10 bus error<br />
SIGSEGV 11 segmentation violation<br />
SIGSYS 12 bad argument to system call<br />
SIGPIPE 13 write on a pipe with no one to read it<br />
SIGALRM 14 alarm clock<br />
SIGTERM 15 software termination (bitte Schluss machen)<br />
SIGUSR1 16 user defined signal 1<br />
SIGSTKFLT 16 stack fault on coprocessor<br />
SIGUSR2 17 user defined signal 2<br />
SIGCHLD 18 death of a child<br />
SIGCLD 18 = SIGCHLD<br />
SIGPWR 19 power fail<br />
SIGINFO 19 = SIGPWR<br />
SIGVTALRM 20 virtual timer alarm<br />
SIGPROF 21 profiling timer alarm<br />
SIGIO 22 asynchronous I/O signal<br />
SIGPOLL 22 = SIGIO<br />
SIGWINDOW 23 window change or mouse signal<br />
66
SIGSTOP 24 stop<br />
SIGTSTP 25 stop signal generated from keyboard<br />
SIGCONT 26 continue after stop<br />
SIGTTIN 27 background read attempt from control terminal<br />
SIGTTOU 28 background write attempt from control terminal<br />
SIGURG 29 urgent data arrived on an I/O channel<br />
SIGLOST 30 NFS file lock lost<br />
SIGXCPU 30 CPU time limit exceeded<br />
SIGXFSZ 31 file size limit exceeded<br />
Die Nr. 0 wird nicht für ein Signal verwendet. Wird sie dem<br />
Shell-Kommando trap übergeben, so ist damit das Ende der<br />
Shell (exit) gemeint.<br />
67
L Videomodi des Linux-Kerns<br />
Die dem VGA-Treiber im Linux-Kern bekannten Vidomodi werden<br />
durch Nummern bezeichnet, die sich aus den Nummern der<br />
VESA-Videomodi durch Addition von 0x200 (hexadezimal) ergeben.<br />
Mit der Angabe vga=791 in der GRUB-Konfigurationsdatei<br />
wird beispielsweise erreicht, dass der Kern den VGA-Treiber mit<br />
einer Auflösung von 1024 x 768 bei 16 Bit Farbtiefe (65536 Farben)<br />
startet.<br />
Tab. L.1: Einige Videomodi des Linux-<br />
Kerns<br />
Modus, hex. Modus, dez. Auflösung (Pixel) Farbtiefe (Bits)<br />
0x0300 768 640 x 400 8<br />
0x0301 769 640 x 480 8<br />
0x0303 771 800 x 600 8<br />
0x0305 773 1024 x 768 8<br />
0x0307 775 1280 x 1024 8<br />
0x030E 782 320 x 200 16<br />
0x030F 783 320 x 200 24<br />
0x0310 784 640 x 480 15<br />
0x0311 785 640 x 480 16<br />
0x0312 786 640 x 480 24<br />
0x0313 787 800 x 600 15<br />
0x0314 788 800 x 600 16<br />
0x0315 789 800 x 600 24<br />
0x0316 790 1024 x 768 15<br />
0x0317 791 1024 x 768 16<br />
0x0318 792 1024 x 768 24<br />
0x0319 793 1280 x 1024 15<br />
0x031A 794 1280 x 1024 16<br />
0x031B 795 1280 x 1024 24<br />
0x031C 796 1600 x 1200 8<br />
0x031D 797 1600 x 1200 15<br />
0x031E 798 1600 x 1200 16<br />
Fortsetzung<br />
68
Tab. L.1: (Fortsetzung)<br />
Modus, hex. Modus, dez. Auflösung (Pixel) Farbtiefe (Bits)<br />
0x031F 799 1600 x 1200 24<br />
0x0330 816 320 x 200 8<br />
0x0331 817 320 x 400 8<br />
0x0332 818 320 x 400 16<br />
0x0333 819 320 x 400 24<br />
0x0334 820 320 x 240 8<br />
0x0335 821 320 x 240 16<br />
0x0336 822 320 x 240 24<br />
0x033D 829 640 x 400 16<br />
0x033E 830 640 x 400 24<br />
0x0345 837 1600 x 1200 8<br />
0x0346 838 1600 x 1200 16<br />
0x0347 839 1400 x 1050 8<br />
0x0348 840 1400 x 1050 16<br />
0x0352 850 2048 x 1536 24<br />
69
M C-Lexikon<br />
M.1 Schlüsselwörter<br />
In C/C++ dürfen Schlüsselwörter keinesfalls als Namen verwendet<br />
werden. Laut ANSI verwendet C folgende Schlüsselwörter<br />
(Wortsymbole, keywords):<br />
• Deklaratoren<br />
– auto, Default-Speicherklasse (kann weggelassen werden)<br />
– char, Zeichentyp<br />
– const, Typattribut (neu in ANSI-C)<br />
– double, Typ Gleitkommazahl doppelter Genauigkeit<br />
– enum, Aufzählungstyp<br />
– extern, Speicherklasse<br />
– float, Typ Gleitkommazahl einfacher Genauigkeit<br />
– int, Typ Ganzzahl einfacher Länge<br />
– long, Typ Ganzzahl doppelter Länge<br />
– register, Speicherklasse Registervariable<br />
– short, Typ Ganzzahl halber Länge<br />
– signed, Typzusatz zu Ganzzahl oder Zeichen<br />
– static, Speicherklasse<br />
– struct, Strukturtyp<br />
– typedef, Definition eines benutzereigenen Typs<br />
– union, Typ Union<br />
– unsigned, Typzusatz zu Ganzzahl oder Zeichen<br />
– void, leerer Typ<br />
– volatile, Typattribut (neu in ANSI-C)<br />
• Schleifen und Bedingungen (Kontrollanweisungen)<br />
70
M.1. SCHLÜSSELWÖRTER 71<br />
– break, Verlassen einer Schleife<br />
– case, Fall einer Auswahl (switch)<br />
– continue, Rücksprung vor eine Schleife<br />
– default, Default-Fall einer Auswahl (switch)<br />
– do, Beginn einer do-Schleife<br />
– else, Alternative einer Verzweigung<br />
– for, Beginn einer for-Schleife<br />
– goto, unbedingter Sprung<br />
– if, Bedingung oder Beginn einer Verzweigung<br />
– switch, Beginn einer Auswahl<br />
– while, Beginn einer while-Schleife<br />
• Sonstige<br />
– return, Rücksprung in die aufrufende Einheit<br />
– sizeof, Bytebedarf eines Typs oder einer Variablen<br />
In C++ kommen laut BJARNE STROUSTRUP hinzu:<br />
• catch, Ausnahmebehandlung<br />
• class, Klassendeklaration<br />
• delete, Löschen eines Objektes<br />
• friend, Deklaration einer Funktion<br />
• inline, inline-Funktion<br />
• new, Erzeugen eines Objektes<br />
• operator, Überladen von Operatoren<br />
• private, Deklaration von Klassenmitgliedern<br />
• protected, Deklaration von Klassenmitgliedern<br />
• public, Deklaration von Klassenmitgliedern<br />
• template, Deklaration eines Templates (Klasse)<br />
• this, Pointer auf Objekt<br />
• throw, Ausnahmebehandlung<br />
• try, Ausnahmebehandlung<br />
• virtual, Deklaration
72 ANHANG M. C-LEXIKON<br />
Darüber hinaus verwenden einige Compiler weitere Schlüsselwörter:<br />
• asm, Assembler-Aufruf innerhalb einer C- oder C++-Quelle<br />
• bool, logischer oder boolescher Typ<br />
• cdecl, Aufruf einer Funktion nach C-Konventionen<br />
• const_cast, cast-Operator für const-Werte<br />
• dynamic_cast, cast-Operator<br />
• entry, (war in K&R-C für künftigen Gebrauch vorgesehen)<br />
• explicit, Konstruktor-Vereinbarung<br />
• export, Vereinbarung bei Klassen-Templates<br />
• false, boolesche Konstante<br />
• far, Typzusatz unter MS-DOS<br />
• fortran, Aufruf einer Funktion nach FORTRAN-<br />
Konventionen<br />
• huge, Typzusatz unter MS-DOS<br />
• mutable, Typattribut<br />
• namespace, Vereinbarung des Geltungsbereiches von Namen<br />
• near, Typzusatz unter MS-DOS<br />
• pascal, Aufruf einer Funktion nach PASCAL-<br />
Konventionen<br />
• reinterpret_cast, cast-Operator<br />
• static_cast, cast-Operator<br />
• true, boolesche Konstante<br />
• typeid, Operator zum Ermitteln des Typs<br />
• typename, Alternative zum Schlüsselwort class<br />
• using, Deklaration in Verbindung mit namespace<br />
• wchar_t, Typ (wide character literal)
M.2. OPERATOREN 73<br />
M.2 Operatoren<br />
Die Operatoren von C/C++ sind im folgenden ihrem Vorrang<br />
nach geordnet, höchster Rang (Bindungskraft) zuoberst. Alle<br />
Operatoren eines Abschnitts haben gleichen Rang. l bzw. r bedeutet<br />
von links bzw. rechts her assoziativ. Ein unärer Operator<br />
verlangt einen Operanden, ein binärer zwei und ein ternärer<br />
drei.<br />
Operator A - Bedeutung<br />
:: r unär Bezugsrahmen, global<br />
:: l binär Bezugsrahmen, Klasse<br />
:: l binär Bezugsrahmen, Namensraum<br />
( ) l unär Klammerung, Funktion<br />
[ ] l unär Index<br />
-> l binär Auswahl<br />
. l binär Auswahl<br />
++ r unär Postfix Inkrement<br />
-- r unär Postfix Dekrement<br />
typeid unär Typabfrage<br />
const_cast binär Typumwandlung<br />
dynamic_cast binär Typumwandlung<br />
reinterpret_cast binär Typumwandlung<br />
static_cast binär Typumwandlung<br />
sizeof r unär Größenabfrage<br />
++ r unär Präfix Inkrement<br />
-- r unär Präfix Dekrement<br />
~ r unär bitweise Negation<br />
! r unär logische Negation<br />
- r unär negatives Vorzeichen<br />
+ r unär positives Vorzeichen<br />
* r unär Dereferenzierung<br />
& r unär Referenzierung<br />
( ) r binär cast-Operator<br />
new r unär dynamische Speicherbelegung<br />
delete r unär dynamische Speicherfreigabe<br />
->* l binär Auswahl<br />
.* l binär Auswahl<br />
* l binär Multiplikation<br />
/ l binär Division
74 ANHANG M. C-LEXIKON<br />
% l binär Modulus (Divisionsrest)<br />
+ l binär Addition<br />
- l binär Subtraktion<br />
> l binär bitweises Shiften rechts<br />
< l binär kleiner als<br />
l binär größer als<br />
>= l binär größer gleich<br />
== l binär Gleichheit<br />
!= l binär Ungleichheit<br />
& l binär bitweises Und<br />
^ l binär bitweises exklusives Oder<br />
| l binär bitweises Oder<br />
&& l binär logisches Und<br />
|| l binär logisches Oder<br />
?: l ternär bedingte Bewertung<br />
= r binär Zuweisung<br />
+=, -=, *=, /= r binär zusammengesetzte<br />
%=, >>=,
M.3. STANDARDFUNKTIONEN 75<br />
– iscntrl, prüft Zeichen, ob Kontrollzeichen<br />
– isdigit, prüft Zeichen, ob Ziffer<br />
– isgraph, prüft Zeichen, ob sichtbar<br />
– islower, prüft Zeichen, ob Kleinbuchstabe<br />
– isprint, prüft Zeichen, ob druckbar<br />
– ispunct, prüft Zeichen, ob Satzzeichen<br />
– isspace, prüft Zeichen, ob Whitespace<br />
– isupper, prüft Zeichen. ob Großbuchstabe<br />
– isxdigit, prüft Zeichen, ob hexadezimale Ziffer<br />
– tolower, wandelt Großbuchstaben in Kleinbuchstaben<br />
um<br />
– toupper, wandelt Kleinbuchstaben in Großbuchstaben<br />
um<br />
• Datenumwandlung<br />
– atof, wandelt String in double-Wert um<br />
– atoi, wandelt String in int-Wert um<br />
– atol, wandelt String in long-Wert um<br />
– strtod, wandelt String in double-Wert um<br />
– strtol, wandelt String in long-Wert um<br />
– strtoul, wandelt String in unsigned long-Wert um<br />
• Filebehandlung<br />
– remove, löscht File<br />
– rename, ändert Namen eines Files<br />
• Ein- und Ausgabe<br />
– clearerr, löscht Fehlermeldung eines Filepointers<br />
– fclose, schließt Filepointer<br />
– fflush, leert Puffer eines Filepointers<br />
– fgetc, liest Zeichen von Filepointer<br />
– fgetpos, ermittelt Stand des Lesezeigers<br />
– fgets, liest String von Filepointer
76 ANHANG M. C-LEXIKON<br />
– fopen, öffnet Filepointer<br />
– fprintf, schreibt formatiert nach Filepointer<br />
– fputc, schreibt Zeichen nach Filepointer<br />
– fputs, schreibt String nach Filepointer<br />
– fread, liest Bytes von Filepointer<br />
– freopen, ersetzt geöffneten Filepointer<br />
– fscanf, liest formatiert von Filepointer<br />
– fseek, setzt Lesezeiger auf bestimmte Stelle<br />
– fsetpos, setzt Lesezeiger auf bestimmte Stelle<br />
– ftell, ermittelt Stellung des Lesezeigers<br />
– fwrite, schreibt Bytes nach Filepointer<br />
– getc, liest Zeichen von Filepointer<br />
– getchar, liest Zeichen von stdin<br />
– gets, liest String von Filepointer<br />
– printf, schreibt formatiert nach stdout<br />
– putc, schreibt Zeichen nach Filepointer<br />
– putchar, schreibt Zeichen nach stdout<br />
– puts, schreibt String nach Filepointer<br />
– rewind, setzt Lesezeiger auf Fileanfang<br />
– scanf, liest formatiert von stdin<br />
– setbuf, ordnet einem Filepointer einen Puffer zu<br />
– setvbuf, ordnet einem Filepointer einen Puffer zu<br />
– sprintf, schreibt formatiert in einen String<br />
– sscanf, liest formatiert aus einem String<br />
– tempnam, erzeugt einen temporären Filenamen<br />
– tmpfile, erzeugt ein temporäres File<br />
– ungetc, schreibt letztes gelesenes Zeichen zurück<br />
– vfprintf, schreibt formatiert aus einer Argumentenliste<br />
– vprintf, schreibt formatiert aus einer Argumentenliste
M.3. STANDARDFUNKTIONEN 77<br />
– vsprintf, schreibt formatiert aus einer Argumentenlsite<br />
• Mathematik<br />
– acos, arcus cosinus<br />
– asin, arcus sinus<br />
– atan, arcus tangens<br />
– atan2, arcus tangens, erweiterter Bereich<br />
– ceil, kleinste Ganzzahl<br />
– cos, cosinus<br />
– cosh, cosinus hyperbolicus<br />
– exp, Exponentialfunktion<br />
– fabs, Absolutwert, Betrag<br />
– floor, größte Ganzzahl<br />
– fmod, Divisionsrest<br />
– frexp, teilt Gleitkommazahl auf<br />
– ldexp, teilt Gleitkommazahl auf<br />
– log, Logarithmus naturalis<br />
– log10, dekadischer Logarithmus<br />
– modf, teilt Gleitkommazahl auf<br />
– pow, allgemeine Potenz<br />
– sin, sinus<br />
– sinh, sinus hyperbolicus<br />
– sqrt, positive Quadratwurzel<br />
– tan, tangens<br />
– tanh, tangens hyperbolicus<br />
• Speicherzuweisung<br />
– calloc, allokiert Speicher für Array<br />
– free, gibt allokierten Speicher frei<br />
– malloc, allokiert Speicher<br />
– realloc, ändert Größe des allokierten Speichers
78 ANHANG M. C-LEXIKON<br />
• Prozesssteuerung<br />
– abort, erzeugt SIGABRT-Signal<br />
– atexit, Funktionsaufruf bei Programmende<br />
– exit, Programmende<br />
– raise, sendet Signal<br />
– signal, legt Antwort auf Siganl fest<br />
– system, übergibt Argument an Kommandointerpreter<br />
• Suchen und Sortieren<br />
– bsearch, binäre Suche<br />
– qsort, Quicksort<br />
• Stringbehandlung<br />
– strcat, verkettet Strings<br />
– strchr, sucht Zeichen in String<br />
– strcmp, vergleicht Strings<br />
– strcpy, kopiert String<br />
– strcspn, sucht Teilstring<br />
– strerror, verweist auf Fehlermeldung<br />
– strlen, ermittelt Stringlänge<br />
– strncat, verkettet n Zeichen von Strings<br />
– strncmp, vergleicht n Zeichen von Strings<br />
– strncpy, kopiert n Zeichen eines Strings<br />
– strpbrk, sucht Zeichen in String<br />
– strrchr, sucht Zeichen in String<br />
– strspn, ermittelt Länge eines Teilstrings<br />
– strstr, sucht Zeichen in String<br />
Dies sind alle Funktionen des ANSI-Vorschlags. Die meisten<br />
Compiler bieten darüberhinaus eine Vielzahl weiterer Funktionen,<br />
die das Programmieren erleichtern, aber die Portabilität<br />
verschlechtern.
M.4. PRINTF(3), SCANF(3) 79<br />
M.4 printf(3), scanf(3)<br />
printf(3) und scanf(3) sind die beiden Standardfunktionen<br />
zum Ein- und Ausgeben von Daten. Wichtiger Unterschied:<br />
printf(3) erwartet Variable, scanf(3) Pointer. Die Formatbezeichner<br />
stimmen weitgehend überein:<br />
Bezeichner Typ Beispiel Bedeutung<br />
%c char a Zeichen<br />
%s char * Karlsruhe String<br />
%d int -1234 dezimale Ganzzahl mit Vorzeichen<br />
%i int -1234 dezimale Ganzzahl mit Vorzeichen<br />
%u unsigned 1234 dezimale Ganzzahl ohne Vorzeich<br />
%ld long 1234 dezimal Ganzzahl doppelter Läng<br />
%f double 12.34 Gleitkommazahl mit Vorzeichen<br />
%e double 1.234 E 1 Gleitkommazahl, Exponentialform<br />
%g double 12.34 kurze Darstellung von %e oder %f<br />
%o unsigned octal 2322 oktale Ganzzahl ohne Vorzeichen<br />
%x unsigned hex 4d2 hexadezimale Ganzzahl o. Vorzeic<br />
%p void * 68ff32e4 Pointer<br />
%% - % Prozentzeichen<br />
Weiteres im Referenz-Handbuch unter printf(3) oder<br />
scanf(3). Länge, Bündigkeit, Unterdrückung führender<br />
Nullen, Vorzeichenangabe können festgelegt werden.<br />
M.5 Include-Dateien<br />
Die Standard-Include-Dateien enthalten in lesbarer Form Definitionen<br />
von Konstanten und Typen, Deklarationen von Funktionen<br />
und Makrodefinitionen. Sie werden von Systemaufrufen<br />
und Bibliotheksfunktionen benötigt. Bei der Beschreibung<br />
jeder Funktion im Referenz-Handbuch ist angegeben, welche<br />
Include-Dateien jeweils eingebunden werden müssen. Gebräuchliche<br />
Include-Dateien sind:<br />
• ctype.h, Definition von Zeichenklassen (conv(3))<br />
• curses.h, Bildschirmsteuerung (curses(3))<br />
• errno.h, Fehlermeldungen des Systems (errno(2))
80 ANHANG M. C-LEXIKON<br />
• fcntl.h, Steuerung des Dateizugriffs<br />
(fcntl(2), open(2))<br />
• malloc.h, Speicherallokierung (malloc(3))<br />
• math.h, mathematische Funktionen<br />
(log(3), sqrt(3), floor(3))<br />
• memory.h, Speicherfunktionen (memory(3))<br />
• search.h, Suchfunktionen (bsearch(3))<br />
• signal.h, Signalbehandlung (signal(2))<br />
• stdio.h, Ein- und Ausgabe<br />
(printf(3), scanf(3), fopen(3))<br />
• string.h, Stringbehandlung (string(3))<br />
• time.h, Zeitfunktionen (ctime(3))<br />
• varargs.h, Argumentenliste variabler Länge<br />
(vprintf(3))<br />
• sys/ioctl.h, Ein- und Ausgabe (ioctl(2))<br />
• sys/stat.h, Zugriffsrechte (chmod(2), mkdir(2), stat(2))<br />
• sys/types.h , verschiedene Deklarationen<br />
(chmod(2), getut(3))<br />
Auch diese Liste ist vom Compiler und damit von der Hardware<br />
abhängig. So findet man die include-Datei dos.h nicht auf<br />
UNIX-Anlagen, sondern nur bei Compilern unter MS-DOS für<br />
PCs.<br />
M.6 Präprozessor-Anweisungen<br />
Der erste Schritt beim Compilieren ist die Bearbeitung des<br />
Quelltextes durch den Präprozessor. Dieser entfernt den Kommentar<br />
und führt Ersetzungen und Einfügungen gemäß der folgenden<br />
Anweisungen (directives) aus:<br />
• #define buchstäbliche Ersetzung einer symbolischen Konstanten<br />
oder eines Makros. Ist kein Ersatz angegeben, wird<br />
nur der Name als definiert angesehen (für #ifdef). Häufig.<br />
• #undefine löscht die Definition eines Namens.<br />
• #error führt zu einer Fehlermeldung des Präprozessors.
M.6. PRÄPROZESSOR-ANWEISUNGEN 81<br />
• #include zieht die angegebene Datei herein. Häufig.<br />
• #if, #else, #elif, #endif falls Bedingung zutrifft,<br />
werden die nachfolgenden Präprozessor-Anweisungen ausgeführt.<br />
• #ifdef, #ifndef falls der angegebene Name definiert<br />
bzw. nicht definiert ist, werden die nachfolgenden<br />
Präprozessor-Anweisungen ausgeführt.<br />
• #line führt bei Fehlermeldungen zu einem Sprung auf die<br />
angegebenen Zeilennummer.<br />
• #pragma veranlaßt den Präprozessor zu einer systemabhängigen<br />
Handlung.
N Slang im Netz<br />
Diese Sammlung von im Netz vorkommenden Slang-<br />
Abkürzungen ist ein Auszug aus der <strong>Abklex</strong>-Liste:<br />
http://www.ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de/abklex.html<br />
mit rund 9000 Abkürzungen aus Informatik und Telekommunikation.<br />
2L8 Too Late<br />
AAMOF As A Matter Of Fact<br />
AFAIAA As Far As I Am Aware<br />
AFAIC As Far As I am Concerned<br />
AFAIK As Far As I Know<br />
AFAIKT As Far As I Know Today<br />
AFAIR As Far As I Remember<br />
AFJ April Fool’s Joke<br />
AFK Away From Keyboard<br />
AIMB As I Mentioned Before<br />
AISI As I See It<br />
AIUI As I Understand It<br />
AKA Also Known As<br />
AMBW All My Best Wishes<br />
ANFSCD And Now For Something Completely Different<br />
APOL Alternate Person On Line<br />
ASAP As Soon As Possible<br />
ATFSM Ask The Friendly System Manager<br />
ATM At The Moment<br />
ATST At The Same Time<br />
ATT At This Time<br />
AWA A While Ago<br />
AWB A While Back<br />
AWGTHTGTTA Are We Going To Have To Go Through This Again?<br />
AWHFY Are We Having Fun Yet?<br />
AYOR At Your Own Risc<br />
AYST Are You Still There?<br />
B4 Before<br />
82
B4N Bye For Now<br />
BAK Back At Keyboard<br />
BBL Be Back Later<br />
BBR Burnt Beyond Recognition<br />
BCNU Be Seeing You<br />
BFBI Brute Force and Bloody Ignorance<br />
BFI Brute Force and Ignorance<br />
BFMI Brute Force and Massive Ignorance<br />
BFN Bye For Now<br />
BG Big Grin<br />
BHOF Bald Headed Old Fart<br />
BION Believe It Or Not<br />
BITD Back In The Day<br />
BM Byte Me<br />
BNF Big Name Fan<br />
BNFSCD But Now For Something Completely Different<br />
BOF Birds Of a Feather<br />
BOFS Birds Of a Feather Session<br />
BOT Back On Topic<br />
BRB Be Right Back<br />
BSF But Seriously Folks<br />
BTA But Then Again<br />
BTAIM Be That As It May<br />
BTC Biting The Carpet<br />
BTDT Been There Done That<br />
BTHOM Beats The Hell Outta Me<br />
BTIC But Then, I’am Crazy<br />
BTK Back To Keyboard<br />
BTSOOM Beats The Shit Out Of Me<br />
BTW By The Way<br />
BYKT But You Knew That<br />
CMH Cross My Heart<br />
CMIIW Correct Me If I’m Wrong<br />
CU See You<br />
CU2 See You, Too<br />
CUL See You Later<br />
CYA Cover Your Ass<br />
CYL See You Later<br />
D+C Duck + Cover<br />
DAU Dümmster Anzunehmender User<br />
83
84 ANHANG N. SLANG IM NETZ<br />
DHRVVF Ducking, Hiding and Running Very Very Fast<br />
DILLIGAS Do I Look Like I Give A Shit<br />
DIY Do It Yourself<br />
DLTM Don’t Lie To Me<br />
DSH Desparately Seeking Help<br />
DUCWIC Do You See Waht I See<br />
DWIM Do What I Mean<br />
DWISNWID Do What I Say Not What I Do<br />
DYHWIH Do You Hear What I Hear<br />
E2EG Ear To Ear Grin<br />
EG Evil Grin<br />
EMFBI Excuse Me For Butting In<br />
EOD End Of Discussion<br />
ESOSL Endless Snorts Of Stupid Laughter<br />
ETOL Evil Twin On Line<br />
F2F Face to Face<br />
FA For Auction<br />
FAFWOA For A Friend Without Access<br />
FB Fine Business<br />
FCFS First Come First Served<br />
FHS For Heaven’s Sake<br />
FIAWOL Fandom Is A Way Of Life<br />
FISH First In, Still Here<br />
FITB Fill In The Blank<br />
FITNR Fixed In The Next Release<br />
FOAF Friend Of A Friend<br />
FTASB Faster Than A Speeding Bullet<br />
FTL Faster Than Light<br />
FUBAR Fouled Up Beyond All Repair/Recognition<br />
FUBB Fouled Up Beyond Belief<br />
FUD (spreading) Fear, Uncertainty, and Disinformation<br />
FWIW For What It’s Worth<br />
FYA For Your Amusement<br />
GA Go Ahead<br />
GAFIA Get Away From It All<br />
GAL Get A Life<br />
GDR Grinning, Ducking and Running<br />
GDRVVF Grinning, Ducking and Running Very, Very Fast<br />
GFC Going for Coffee<br />
GIGO Garbage In, Garbage/Gospel Out
GIWIST Gee I Wish I’d Said That<br />
GOK God Only Knows<br />
GR+D Grinning, Running + Ducking<br />
HAK Hugs And Kisses<br />
HAND Have A Nice Day<br />
HGZH Hoffe Geholfen Zu Haben<br />
HHOK Ha Ha Only Kidding<br />
HHOS Ha Ha Only Serious<br />
HSIK How Should I Know<br />
HTH Hope This/That Helps<br />
IAC In Any Case<br />
IAE In Any Event<br />
IANAL I Am Not A Lawyer<br />
IBC Inadequate But Cute<br />
IBTD I Beg To Differ<br />
IC I See<br />
IC In Characters<br />
ICOCBW I Could, Of Course, Be Wrong<br />
ICQ I Seek You<br />
IDC I Don’t Care<br />
IDST I Didn’t Say That<br />
IDTS I Don’t Think So<br />
IIRC If I Remember Correctly<br />
IITYWYBMADIf I Tell You Will You Buy Me Another Drink?<br />
IIWM If It Were Me/Mine<br />
ILLAB Ich Liege Lachend Am Boden, vgl. ROTFL<br />
IMAO In My Arrogant Opinion<br />
IMCO In My Considered Opinion<br />
IME In My Experience<br />
IMHO In My Humble Opinion<br />
IMI I Mean It<br />
IMNSCO In My Not So Considered Opinion<br />
IMNSHO In My Not So Humble Opinion<br />
IMO In My Opinion<br />
IMOBO In My Own Biased Opinion<br />
INPO In No Particular Order<br />
IOW In Other Words<br />
IRAS I Really Am Sorry<br />
IRL In Real Life<br />
ISBT It’s Strange But True<br />
85
86 ANHANG N. SLANG IM NETZ<br />
ISTM It Seems To Me<br />
ISTR I Seem To Remember<br />
IUTY It’s Up To You<br />
IWBNI It Would Be Nice If<br />
IYSWIM If You See What I Mean<br />
ISWYM I See What You Mean<br />
JAM Just A Minute<br />
JAUA Just Another Useless Answer<br />
JIC Just In Case<br />
JJ Just Joking<br />
JSNM Just Stark Naked Magic<br />
KIBO Knowledge In, Bullshit Out<br />
KWIM Know What I Mean?<br />
LLP Live Long and Prosper<br />
LLTA Lots and Lots of Thundering Applause<br />
LMAO Laughing My Ass Off<br />
LOL Laughing Out Loud<br />
LOL Lots Of Luck<br />
LTNS Long Time No See<br />
MDA Merci d’avance<br />
MHOTY My Hat’s Off To You<br />
MNRE Manual Not Read Error<br />
MOTAS Member Of The Appropriate Sex<br />
MTFBWY May The Force Be With You<br />
MUSEN Meinem Unmassgeblichen Sprachempfinden Nach<br />
MYOB Mind Your Own Business<br />
NBD No Big Deal<br />
NCNCNC No Coffee, No Chocolate, No Computer<br />
NFI No Frigging Idea<br />
NFW No Fucking Way<br />
NIMBY Not In My Backyard<br />
NLA Not Long Ago<br />
NLMB Nolifemuddinbastard<br />
NN Nightmare Networker<br />
NRN No Reply Necessary<br />
NSO Nonvirtual Significant Other<br />
NTTAWWT Not That There’s Anything Wrong With That<br />
OAO Over And Out<br />
OATUS On A Totally Unrelated Subject<br />
OAUS On An Unrelated Subject
OBTW Oh, By The Way<br />
OBO Or Best Offer<br />
OFAB Old Fart At Play<br />
OIC Oh, I See<br />
ONNA Oh No, Not Again<br />
ONNTA Oh No, Not This Again<br />
OOC Out Of Characters<br />
OOP Out Of Print<br />
OOTB Out Of The Box<br />
OOTC Obligatory On-Topic Comment<br />
OT Off Topic<br />
OTL Out To Lunch<br />
OTOH On The Other Hand<br />
OTTH On The Third Hand<br />
PDQ Pretty Darned Quick<br />
PEBKAC Problem Exists Between Keyboard And Chair<br />
PFM Pure Fantastic Magic<br />
PITA Pine In The Ass<br />
PMETC Pardon Me, etc.<br />
PMFJIB Pardon Me For Jumping In But<br />
POV Point Of View<br />
PTO Please Turn Over<br />
RAEBNC Read And Enjoyed, But No Comment<br />
RL Real Life<br />
ROFBTC Rolling On the Floor Biting The Carpet<br />
ROFL Rolling On the Floor Laughing<br />
ROFLASTC Rolling On the Floor Laughing And Scaring The Cat<br />
ROFLMAO Rolling On The Floor Laughing My Ass Off<br />
ROTFL Rolling On The Floor Laughing<br />
RSN Real Soon Now<br />
RTFAQ Read The FAQ<br />
RTFB Read The Funny Binary<br />
RTFF Read The Fantastic FAQ<br />
RTFM Read The Fine/Fantastic/Funny ... Manual<br />
RTFS Read The Funny Source<br />
RTM Read The Manual<br />
RTWFQ Read The Whole Fantastic Question<br />
RUOK Are You Ok<br />
RYS Read Your Screen<br />
SCNR Sorry, Could Not Resist<br />
87
88 ANHANG N. SLANG IM NETZ<br />
SEP Somebody Else’s Problem<br />
SFMJI Sorry For My Jumping In<br />
SIASL Stranger In A Strange Land<br />
SIMCA Sitting In My Chair Amused<br />
SITD Still In The Dark<br />
SNAFU Situation Normal All Fed/Fucked Up<br />
TABYAS Thinking All But You Are Stupid<br />
TAFN That’s All For Now<br />
TANJ There Ain’t No Justice<br />
TANSTAAFLThere Ain’t No Such Things As A Free Lunch<br />
TARFU Things Are Really Fouled Up<br />
TBH To Be Honest<br />
TFTT Thanks For The Thought<br />
TGAL Think Globally, Act Locally<br />
TGIF Thank God It’s Friday<br />
THWLAIAS The Hour Was Late, And I Am Senile<br />
TIA Thanks In Advance<br />
TIC Tongue In Cheek<br />
TINAR This Is Not A Recommendation/Review<br />
TINWIS That Is Not What I Said<br />
TMTOWTDI There’s More Than One Way To Do It<br />
TNX Thanks<br />
TOJ Tears Of Joy<br />
TPTB The Powers That Be<br />
TRDMC Tears Running Down My Cheeks<br />
TSOHF Total Sense Of Humour Failure<br />
TTBOMK To The Best Of My Knowledge<br />
TTFN Ta Ta For Now<br />
TTT That’s The Truth<br />
TTYL Type/Talk To You Later<br />
TWIU That’s What I Understand/Understood<br />
TYCLO Turn Your Caps Lock Off<br />
TYVM Thank You Very Much<br />
UDP Usenet Death Penalty<br />
UL Urban Legend<br />
UTSL Use The Source, Luke<br />
VBG Very Big Grin<br />
VL Virtual Life<br />
WAB What Another Bill<br />
WAMKSAM Why Are My Kids Staring At Me?
WDYMBT What Do You Mean By That<br />
WDYS What Did You Say<br />
WHAK With Hugs And Kisses<br />
WIBNI Would It Be Nice If<br />
WIMRE Wenn Ich Mich Recht Erinnere<br />
WMRS Write Me Real Soon<br />
WOMBAT Waste Of Money, Brains, And Time<br />
WRT With Regard/Respect To<br />
WT Without Thinking<br />
WTB Wanted To Buy<br />
WTH What The Heck/Hell<br />
WTT Wanted To Trade<br />
WTTM Without Thinking Too Much<br />
WTTF Want To Test First<br />
WWG Wieder Was Gelernt<br />
WYS Whatever You Say<br />
YKWIS You Know What I’m Saying<br />
YMMV Your Mileage May Vary<br />
YTTT You Telling The Truth<br />
89
O Beispiele LaTeX<br />
O.1 Textbeispiel<br />
% (Kommentar) Erste Hilfe zum Arbeiten mit LaTeX<br />
%<br />
% Das Prozentzeichen leitet Kommentar ein, gilt<br />
% bis Zeilenende. Um ein Prozentzeichen in den Text<br />
% einzugeben, muss man folglich einen Backslash<br />
% davor setzen. Dasselbe gilt fuer Dollar, Ampersand,<br />
% Doppelkreuz, Unterstrich und geschweifte<br />
% Klammern. Diese Zeichen kommen in Befehlen vor.<br />
%<br />
% Format: LaTeX<br />
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}<br />
% Die meisten Befehle beginnen mit einem Backslash.<br />
%<br />
% Es gibt die Klassen Buch, Bericht (Report), Artikel,<br />
% Brief, Folien und weitere. Bericht und Artikel<br />
% sind die wichtigsten.<br />
% Je nach Font und Schriftgroesse Zeilen auskommentieren!<br />
%<br />
% 12 Punkte, doppelseitig, Times Roman (wie Buch)<br />
% \documentclass[12pt,twoside,a4paper]{article}<br />
% \usepackage{german}<br />
% \unitlength1.0mm<br />
%<br />
% 12 Punkte, einseitig, New Century Schoolbook<br />
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}<br />
\usepackage{german,newcent,verbatim}<br />
\unitlength1.0mm<br />
% Der Befehl \sloppy weist LaTeX an, mit den<br />
% Wortabstaenden nicht zu kleinlich zu sein.<br />
90
O.1. TEXTBEISPIEL 91<br />
\sloppy<br />
% Trennhilfe (Liste von Ausnahmen)<br />
\input{hyphen}<br />
% Satzspiegel vergroessern:<br />
\topmargin-24mm<br />
\textwidth180mm<br />
\textheight240mm<br />
% zusaetzlicher Seitenrand fuer beidseitigen Druck:<br />
\oddsidemargin-10mm<br />
\evensidemargin-10mm<br />
% Jetzt kommt der erste Text: Titel, Autor und Datum<br />
\title{Erste Hilfe beim Arbeiten mit LaTeX}<br />
\author{W. Alex}<br />
\date{\today}<br />
% Hier beginnt das eigentliche Dokument<br />
\begin{document}<br />
% Befehl zum Erzeugen des Titels<br />
\maketitle<br />
% Nun kommt der erste Abschnitt (section).<br />
% Die Ueberschrift steht in geschweiften Klammern.<br />
% Es gibt auch Unterabschnitte.<br />
\section{Zweck}<br />
LATeX ist ein {\em Satzsystem}. Mit seiner Hilfe<br />
lassen sich Texte zur Ausgabe auf Papier formatieren,
92 ANHANG O. BEISPIELE LATEX<br />
vorzugsweise zur Ausgabe mittels eines Laserdruckers.<br />
Es gibt Hilfsprogramme zur Anfertigung von Zeichnungen.<br />
Ferner ist es m"oglich, beliebige Postscript-Abbildungen<br />
einzubinden, also auch Fotos.<br />
LaTeX ist eine Makro-Sammlung von {\sc Leslie Lamport},<br />
die auf dem TeX-System von {\sc Donald Knuth} aufbaut.<br />
TeX und LaTex sind frei verf"ugbar, in Deutschland zum<br />
Beispiel bei der Universit"at Heidelberg (Dante e. V.).<br />
\section{Aufbau des Textfiles}<br />
Schreiben Sie Ihr Textfile mit einem beliebigen Editor,<br />
beispielsweise mit dem \verb+vi+, \verb+emacs+ oder<br />
\verb+joe+. Ein Textfile hat folgenden Aufbau:<br />
% Hier ein woertlich auszugebender Text<br />
\begin{verbatim}<br />
% Kommentar (optional)<br />
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}<br />
\usepackage{german,verbatim}<br />
\begin{document}<br />
Text<br />
\end{document}<br />
\end{verbatim}<br />
Schreiben Sie den Text ohne Worttrennungen und ohne<br />
Numerierungen. Zeilenwechsel haben keine Bedeutung<br />
f"ur LaTeX, bevorzugen Sie kurze Zeilen. Abs"atze<br />
werden durch Leerzeilen markiert.<br />
Die deutschen Umlaute werden als G"ansef"u\3chen mit<br />
folgendem Grundlaut geschrieben, das \3 als Backslash<br />
mit folgender Ziffer 3. Es gibt weitere M"oglichkeiten,<br />
auch f"ur die Sonderzeichen anderer Sprachen.<br />
\section{Mathematische Formeln}<br />
Eine St"arke von LaTeX ist die Darstellung
O.1. TEXTBEISPIEL 93<br />
mathematischer Formeln. Hier drei nicht ganz<br />
einfache Beispiele:<br />
\boldmath<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
c = \sqrt{a^{2} + {b}^2}<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
\oint \vec E\:d\vec s = - \frac {\,\partial}{\partial t}<br />
\int \vec B \:d\vec A<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
\frac{1}{2 \pi j} \int\limits_{x-j\infty}^{x+j\infty}<br />
e^{ts} \:f(s)\:ds =<br />
\left\{\begin{array}{r@{\quad \mbox{f"ur} \quad}l}<br />
0 & t < 0\\<br />
F(t) & t > 0<br />
\end{array} \right.<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\unboldmath<br />
\section{Schriftgr"o\3en}<br />
Ausgehend von der Grundgr"o\3e lassen sich f"ur<br />
einzelne Zeilen oder Abschnitte die Schriftgr"o\3en<br />
verkleinern oder vergr"o\3ern:<br />
{\tiny Diese Schrift ist winzig (tiny).}<br />
{\scriptsize Diese ist sehr klein (scriptsize).}<br />
{\footnotesize F"ur Fu\3noten (footnotesize).}<br />
{\small Diese Schrift ist klein (small).}<br />
{\normalsize Diese Schrift ist normal.}
94 ANHANG O. BEISPIELE LATEX<br />
{\large Jetzt wirds gr"o\3er (large).}<br />
{\Large Jetzt wirds noch gr"o\3er (Large).}<br />
{\LARGE Noch gr"o\3er (LARGE).}<br />
{\huge Riesige Schrift (huge).}<br />
{\Huge Gigantisch (Huge).} \\<br />
\noindent<br />
Formeln lassen sich nicht vergr"o\3ern oder<br />
verkleinern. Zur"uck zur Normalgr"o\3e. Diese<br />
betr"agt auf DIN A4 am besten 12 Punkte.<br />
10 oder 11 Punkte sind auch m"oglich, aber schon<br />
etwas unbequem zu lesen. Weiterhin kann man "uber<br />
die Schriftart die Lesbarkeit beeinflussen.<br />
Standard ist die Times Roman, eine gut lesbare,<br />
platzsparende Schrift. Soll es etwas deutlicher<br />
sein, so ist die New Century Schoolbook zu<br />
empfehlen, die rund 10 \% mehr Platz beansprucht.<br />
\section{Arbeitsg"ange}<br />
Die Reihenfolge der einzelnen Schritte ist folgende:<br />
% Aufzaehlungen sind kein Problem, wie man sieht.<br />
\begin{itemize}<br />
\item mit einem Editor das File \verb+abc.tex+ schreiben,<br />
\item mit \verb+latex abc+ das File formatieren,<br />
\item mit \verb+latex abc+ Referenzen einsetzen,<br />
\item mit \verb+xdvi abc+ den formatierten Text anschauen,<br />
\item mit \verb+dvips -o abc.ps abc+ das Postscript-File<br />
erzeugen,<br />
\item mit \verb+lp -dlp4 abc.ps+ das Postscript-File<br />
zum Drucker schicken.<br />
\end{itemize}<br />
LaTeX erzeugt dabei einige Zwischen- und Hilfsfiles.
O.2. GELATEXTE FORMELN 95<br />
\section{Literatur}<br />
\begin{enumerate}<br />
\item L. Lamport, LaTeX: A Document Preparation System\\<br />
Addison-Wesley, 1986<br />
\item H. Kopka, LaTeX - Eine Einf"uhrung\\<br />
Addison-Wesley, 1988<br />
\item H. Partl, E. Schlegl, I. Hyna:<br />
LaTeX-Kurz\-be\-schrei\-bung\\<br />
EDV-Zentrum der TU Wien<br />
\end{enumerate}<br />
% Nun kommt das Ende des Dokuments:<br />
\end{document}<br />
O.2 Gelatexte Formeln<br />
c = � a 2 + b 2 (O.1)<br />
3√ x<br />
1 + x ≈ 1 +<br />
3<br />
für x ≪ 1 (O.2)<br />
r = 3<br />
�<br />
3<br />
V<br />
4π<br />
(O.3)<br />
a = F0<br />
k<br />
sin x<br />
lim<br />
x→0 x<br />
�<br />
(1 − Ω2<br />
ω 2 0<br />
= 1 (O.4)<br />
1<br />
) 2 + ( Ωc<br />
k )2<br />
(O.5)<br />
m¨x + c ˙x + kx = �<br />
Fk cos Ωkt (O.6)<br />
k<br />
Θ d2ϕ + k∗dϕ<br />
dt2 dt + D∗ϕ = | � D| (O.7)<br />
¯Y ≈ f(¯x) + 1<br />
2<br />
N − 1<br />
N f ′′ (¯x) s 2 x (O.8)
96 ANHANG O. BEISPIELE LATEX<br />
�<br />
� �<br />
j≥0<br />
1<br />
2πj<br />
k≥0<br />
�<br />
ajkz k<br />
x+j∞<br />
x−j∞<br />
�FΓ = − ΓmM<br />
r 2<br />
�er = − ΓmM<br />
�r (O.9)<br />
r3 �<br />
Arbeit = lim �Fi∆�ri<br />
∆ri→0<br />
=<br />
��r(t)<br />
�r0<br />
�<br />
= �<br />
z n<br />
⎛<br />
⎜<br />
⎝<br />
Ψ =<br />
⎛<br />
⎜<br />
⎝<br />
n≥0<br />
⎛<br />
�x = ⎝<br />
�F (�r ) d�r (O.10)<br />
�<br />
h 0 ,k 1 ...≥0<br />
k 0 +k 1 +···=0<br />
x − xs<br />
y − ys<br />
z − zs<br />
� �<br />
ab e + f<br />
cd<br />
ℜz<br />
g� − �h<br />
�<br />
�<br />
ij �<br />
�<br />
�kl<br />
�<br />
dEω = V ¯h<br />
�<br />
π 2 c 3ω3 · e<br />
�E d�s = − ∂<br />
∂t<br />
e ts �<br />
f(s) ds =<br />
� �<br />
n + 1<br />
=<br />
k<br />
�<br />
⎞<br />
a0ko<br />
⎞<br />
⎟<br />
a1k1 . . . ⎠ (O.11)<br />
⎠ (O.12)<br />
⎞<br />
⎟<br />
⎠<br />
(O.13) 1<br />
− ¯hω<br />
T · dω (O.14)<br />
�B d � A (O.15)<br />
0 für t < 0<br />
F (t) für t > 0<br />
� � � �<br />
n n<br />
+<br />
k k − 1<br />
(O.16)<br />
(O.17)<br />
1 Fette Griechen gibt es nur als Großbuchstaben. Die Erzeugung<br />
dieser Fußnote war übrigens nicht einfach.
O.2. GELATEXTE FORMELN 97<br />
∀x ∈ R : x 2 ≥ 0 (O.18)<br />
∀x, y, z ∈ M : (xRy ∧ xRz) ⇒ y = z (O.19)<br />
ρ · ¯vk · ∂¯vj<br />
∂xk<br />
ˆχ 2 =<br />
∂ ¯p<br />
= −<br />
∂xj<br />
A · B = Ā + ¯ B (O.20)<br />
r ′ =<br />
+ ∂<br />
�<br />
µ<br />
∂xk<br />
∂¯vj<br />
∂xk<br />
v ′ 1 v′ 2<br />
� ¯<br />
v ′2<br />
1<br />
τtur = ρl 2 |<br />
� ¯<br />
v ′2<br />
2<br />
∂ ¯v1<br />
|<br />
∂x2<br />
∂ ¯v1<br />
∂x2<br />
− ρ v ′ k v′ j<br />
¨R = 1<br />
Ψ (Vr − ˙ R) + R ˙ Φ 2<br />
¨Φ = � 1<br />
Ψ (Vϕ − R ˙ Φ) − 2 ˙ R ˙ Φ � 1<br />
R<br />
¨Z = 1<br />
Ψ (VZ − ˙ Z)<br />
n(n − 1)<br />
B(n − B)<br />
V (r, ϑ, ϕ) =<br />
∞�<br />
l=0<br />
k� (Bi − Ei) 2<br />
i=1<br />
4π<br />
2l + 1<br />
ni<br />
l�<br />
m=−l<br />
�<br />
> χ 2 k−1;α<br />
Yl,mϑ, ϕ)<br />
ql,m<br />
rl+1 (O.21)<br />
(O.22)<br />
(O.23)<br />
(O.24)<br />
(O.25)<br />
(O.26)
98 ANHANG O. BEISPIELE LATEX<br />
q ′ l ′ ,m ′ =<br />
∞�<br />
o=0 p=−o<br />
∇±1<br />
=<br />
o�<br />
∞�<br />
l=0<br />
∞�<br />
l=0<br />
⎛<br />
⎜<br />
�q = ⎜<br />
⎝<br />
q0,0<br />
q1,1<br />
q1,0<br />
q1,−1<br />
q2,2<br />
q2,1<br />
q2,0<br />
q2,−1<br />
q2,−2<br />
⎞<br />
⎟<br />
⎠<br />
no,p qo,p (∇)l ′ +o,m ′ −p;o,p<br />
ql,m = −q ′ l,mR 2l+1<br />
4π<br />
2l + 1<br />
Yl ′ +o,m ′ −p(ϑa, ϕa)<br />
a l′ +o+1<br />
l(ɛi − ɛa)<br />
l(ɛa + ɛi) + ɛa<br />
�q ′ 1,1 = �q ′ 1,0 + I2,1 �q ′ 2,0<br />
�q ′ 2,1 = �q ′ 2,0 + I1,2 �q ′ 1,0<br />
4π<br />
2l + 1<br />
l�<br />
m=−l<br />
l�<br />
m=−l<br />
ql,m<br />
Yl,m(ϑ, ϕ)<br />
r l+1<br />
( ˜<br />
∇±1)l,m ql,m<br />
123<br />
� �� �<br />
a + b + · · · + y +z<br />
� �� �<br />
αβγ<br />
Yl+1,m±1(ϑ, ϕ)<br />
r l+2<br />
Lange Formeln muß man selbst in Zeilen auflösen:<br />
(O.27)<br />
(O.28)<br />
(O.29)<br />
(O.30)<br />
(O.31)<br />
(O.32)<br />
w + x + y + z =<br />
a + b + c + d + e + f + (O.33)<br />
g + h + i + j + k + l
O.3. FORMELN IM QUELLTEXT 99<br />
N+1 =<br />
⎛<br />
⎜<br />
⎝<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0<br />
( ˜ ∇+)0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0<br />
0 ( ˜ ∇+)1,1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0<br />
0 0 ( ˜ ∇+)1,0 0 0 0 0 0 0<br />
0 0 0 ( ˜ ∇+)1,−1 0 0 0 0 0<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0<br />
0 0 0 0 ( ˜ ∇+)2,2 0 0 0 0<br />
0 0 0 0 0 ( ˜ ∇+)2,1 0 0 0<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 ( ˜ ∇+)2,0 0 0<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( ˜ ∇+)2,−1 0<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( ˜ ∇+)2<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0<br />
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0<br />
Wie man an Gleichung (O.24) auf Seite 97 sieht, muß man<br />
erforderlichenfalls bei einem Gleichungssystem (eqnarray) mittels<br />
des Kommandos \nonumber dafür sorgen, daß es nur eine<br />
einzige, gemeinsame Nummer erhält. Zugleich ist dies hier ein<br />
Beispiel für einen Bezug auf eine Gleichung.<br />
O.3 Formeln im Quelltext<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
c = \sqrt{a^{2} + b^{2}}<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
\sqrt[3]{1 + x} \approx 1 + \frac{x}{3}<br />
\qquad \mbox{f"ur} \quad x \ll 1<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
r = \root 3 \of {\frac{3}{4\pi} V}
100 ANHANG O. BEISPIELE LATEX<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin x}{x} = 1<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
a = \frac{F_0}{k}\:\frac{1}{\sqrt{(1 - \frac{\Omega^2}<br />
{\omega_0^2})^2 + (\frac{\Omega_c}{k})^2}}<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
m\ddot x + c\dot x + kx = \sum_k F_k \cos \Omega_k t<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
\Theta \frac{d^2 \varphi}{dt^2} + k^\ast \frac{d \varphi}{dt}<br />
+ D^\ast \varphi = | \vec D |<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
\bar{Y} \approx f(\bar x) + \frac{1}{2}\, \frac{N - 1}{N}<br />
\,f’’(\bar{x})\,s_x^2<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
\vec{F_\Gamma} = - \frac{\Gamma m M}{r^2} \vec{e_r} =<br />
- \frac{\Gamma m M}{r^3} \vec{r}<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{eqnarray}<br />
\mbox{Arbeit} & = & \lim_{\Delta r_i \to 0} \sum<br />
{\vec F_i \Delta \vec r_i}\nonumber \\<br />
& = & \int\limits_{\vec r_0}^{\vec r(t)}<br />
{\vec F(\vec r\,)\:d\vec r}<br />
\end{eqnarray}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
\prod_{j\ge0}\left( \sum_{k\ge0} a_{jk}z^k \right) =<br />
\sum_{n \ge0} z^n \left(\sum_{h_0,k_1\ldots\ge0
O.3. FORMELN IM QUELLTEXT 101<br />
\atop k_0+k_1+\cdots=0}<br />
a_{0k_o} a_{1k_1}\ldots \right)<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
\vec x =<br />
\left( \begin{array}{c}<br />
x - x_s \\<br />
y - y_s \\<br />
z - z_s \\<br />
\end{array} \right)<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{minipage}{120mm}<br />
\begin{displaymath}<br />
{\bf\Psi} = \left( \begin{array}{cc}<br />
\displaystyle{ab \choose cd}<br />
& \displaystyle \frac{e+f}{g-h} \\<br />
\Re z & \displaystyle \left| {ij \atop kl} \right|<br />
\end{array} \right)<br />
\end{displaymath}<br />
\end{minipage}<br />
\stepcounter{equation}<br />
\hspace*{\fill} (\theequation)\makebox[0pt][l]{\footnotema<br />
\footnotetext{Fette Griechen gibt es nur als Gro\3buchstab<br />
Die Erzeugung dieser Fu\3note war "ubrigens nicht einfach.<br />
\vspace{1mm}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
dE_\omega = V \frac{\hbar}{\pi^2 c^3}\omega^3 \cdot<br />
e ^{-\frac{\hbar \omega} {T}} \cdot d\omega<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
\oint \vec E\:d\vec s = - \frac {\,\partial}{\partial t}<br />
\int \vec B \:d\vec A<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
\frac{1}{2 \pi j} \int\limits_{x-j\infty}^{x+j\infty}
102 ANHANG O. BEISPIELE LATEX<br />
e^{ts} \:f(s)\:ds =<br />
\left\{\begin{array}{r@{\quad \mbox{f"ur} \quad}l}<br />
0 & t < 0\\<br />
F(t) & t > 0<br />
\end{array} \right.<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
{n+1 \choose k} = {n \choose k} + {n \choose k-1}<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
\mbox{<br />
\fbox{\parbox{60mm}{\begin{displaymath}<br />
\forall x \in {\rm R}: \qquad x^2 \geq 0<br />
\end{displaymath}}}}<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\vspace{1mm}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
\forall x,y,z \in {\rm M}: \qquad (xRy \wedge xRz)<br />
\Rightarrow y = z<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
A \cdot B = \overline{\bar A + \bar B}<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
\rho \cdot \bar{v}_k \cdot \frac{\partial \bar{v}_j}<br />
{\partial{x}_k} = - \frac{\partial \bar{p}}<br />
{\partial x_j} + \frac{\partial}{\partial x_k}<br />
\left( \mu \frac{\partial \bar{v}_j}{\partial x_k}<br />
- \rho\:\overline{v’_k v’_j} \right)<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
r’ = \frac{\overline{v’_1 v’_2}}{\sqrt{\bar{v’^2_1}}<br />
\: \sqrt{\bar{v’^2_2}}}<br />
\end{equation}
O.3. FORMELN IM QUELLTEXT 103<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
\tau_{tur} = \rho l^2 \; | \frac{\partial \bar{v_1}}<br />
{\partial x_2} | \; \frac{\partial \bar{v_1}}{\partial x_2<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{eqnarray}<br />
\label{formel}<br />
\ddot R & = & \frac{1}{\Psi} ( V_r - \dot R)<br />
+ R {\dot \Phi}^2 \nonumber\\<br />
\ddot \Phi & = & \big\lbrack \frac{1}{\Psi}<br />
(V_\varphi - R \dot \Phi )<br />
- 2 \dot R \dot \Phi \big\rbrack \frac{1}{R} \\<br />
\ddot Z & = & \frac{1}{\Psi}(V_Z-\dot Z) \nonumber\\<br />
\nonumber<br />
\end{eqnarray}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
{\hat\chi}^2 = \frac{n(n-1)}{B(n-B)} \sum_{i=1}^k<br />
\frac{(B_i - E_i)^2}{n_i} > \chi_{k-1;\alpha}^2<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
V(r,\vartheta,\varphi)=\sum\limits_{l=0}^\infty<br />
\frac{4\pi}{2l+1}<br />
\sum\limits_{m=-l}^l \, q_{l,m} \frac{Y_{l,m}<br />
\vartheta,\varphi)}{r^{l+1}}<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{eqnarray}<br />
\vec{q}= \left(\begin{array}{c}<br />
q_{0,0}\\<br />
q_{1,1}\\q_{1,0}\\q_{1,-1}\\<br />
q_{2,2}\\q_{2,1}\\q_{2,0}\\q_{2,-1}\\q_{2,-2}\\<br />
\end{array} \right)<br />
\end{eqnarray}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
q’_{l’,m’}=\sum\limits_{o=0}^\infty\sum\limits_{p=-o}^o<br />
n_{o,p} \; q_{o,p} \; (\nabla)_{l’+o,m’-p;o,p} \,
104 ANHANG O. BEISPIELE LATEX<br />
\frac{Y_{l’+o,m’-p}(\vartheta_a,\varphi_a)}{a^{l’+o+1}}<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{equation}<br />
q_{l,m}= -q’_{l,m} R^{2l+1} \,<br />
\frac{l(\epsilon_i-\epsilon_a)}<br />
{l(\epsilon_a+\epsilon_i)+\epsilon_a}<br />
\end{equation}<br />
\begin{eqnarray}<br />
\vec{q’}_{1,1}=\vec{q’}_{1,0}+I_{2,1} \; \vec{q’}_{2,0}\\[0.3<br />
\vec{q’}_{2,1}=\vec{q’}_{2,0}+I_{1,2} \; \vec{q’}_{1,0}<br />
\end{eqnarray}<br />
\begin{eqnarray}<br />
\lefteqn{\nabla_{\pm 1} \sum\limits_{l=0}^{\infty}<br />
\frac{4\pi}{2l+1} \,<br />
\sum\limits_{m=-l}^{l} \: q_{l,m} \: \frac{Y_{l,m}<br />
(\vartheta,\varphi)}{r^{l+1}}}<br />
\nonumber \\[0.3cm]<br />
&&=\sum\limits_{l=0}^{\infty}\frac{4\pi}{2l+1} \,<br />
\sum\limits_{m=-l}^{l} \: (\tilde{\nabla_{\pm 1}})_{l,m}<br />
\, q_{l,m} \:<br />
\frac{Y_{l+1,m \pm 1}(\vartheta,\varphi)}{r^{l+2}}<br />
\end{eqnarray}<br />
\[ \underbrace{a + \overbrace{b + \cdots + y}^{123}<br />
+ z}_{\alpha\beta\gamma} \]<br />
Lange Formeln mu\3 man selbst in Zeilen aufl"osen:<br />
\begin{eqnarray}<br />
\lefteqn{w + x + y + z = } \hspace{1cm} \nonumber\\<br />
& & a + b + c + d + e + f + \\<br />
& & g + h + i + j + k + l \nonumber<br />
\end{eqnarray}<br />
\begin{eqnarray*}<br />
N_{+1}=\left(\begin{array}{*{8}{c@{\;}}c}<br />
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\<br />
(\tilde{\nabla}_{+})_{0,0} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\
O.3. FORMELN IM QUELLTEXT 105<br />
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\<br />
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\<br />
0 & (\tilde{\nabla}_{+})_{1,1} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0<br />
0 & 0 & (\tilde{\nabla}_{+})_{1,0} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0<br />
0 & 0 & 0 & (\tilde{\nabla}_{+})_{1,-1} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 &<br />
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\<br />
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\<br />
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & (\tilde{\nabla}_{+})_{2,2} & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0<br />
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & (\tilde{\nabla}_{+})_{2,1} & 0 & 0 & 0<br />
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & (\tilde{\nabla}_{+})_{2,0} & 0 & 0<br />
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & (\tilde{\nabla}_{+})_{2,-1} &<br />
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & (\tilde{\nabla}_{+})_{2,-2<br />
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\<br />
0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\\<br />
\end{array}\right)<br />
\end{eqnarray*}<br />
\vspace{8mm}<br />
Wie man an Gleichung (\ref{formel}) auf Seite \pageref{for<br />
sieht, mu\3 man erforderlichenfalls bei einem Gleichungssy<br />
({\tt eqnarray}) mittels des Kommandos \verb+\nonumber+ da<br />
sorgen, da\3 es nur eine einzige, gemeinsame Nummer erh"al<br />
Zugleich ist dies hier ein Beispiel f"ur einen Bezug auf e<br />
Gleichung.
P Spezielle Sprachen<br />
P.1 Hayes-Modem-Kommandos<br />
Die Firma Hayes stellt Modems her und hat für diese einen Satz<br />
von Kommandos geschaffen, der sich weltweit durchgesetzt hat.<br />
Die meisten Modems verstehen eine Übermenge des Standard-<br />
Befehlssatzes von Hayes. Da diese Kommandos (mit einer Ausnahme)<br />
mit at (= attention please) beginnen, werden sie auch<br />
als at-Kommandos bezeichnet. Es dürfen Groß- oder Kleinbuchstaben<br />
verwendet werden, jedoch nicht gemischt.<br />
ata Answer Command<br />
atb0 Select CCITT Communication Standard<br />
atb1 Select USA/Canada Communication Standard<br />
atc Carrier Control Selection<br />
atd Dial Command<br />
ate Command State Character Echo Selection<br />
atf On-line State Character Echo Selection<br />
ath Hook Command Options<br />
ati Internal Memory Tests<br />
atl Speaker Volume Level Selection<br />
atm Speaker On/Off Selection<br />
atn Negotiation of Handshake Options<br />
ato On-line Command<br />
atp Select Pulse Dialing Method<br />
atq Result Code Display Options<br />
atsn=r Write to S-Register n<br />
atsn? Read from S-Register n<br />
att Select Tone Dialing Method<br />
atv Result Code Format Options<br />
atw Negotiation Progress Message Selection<br />
atx Call Progress Options<br />
aty Long Space Disconnect Options<br />
atz Soft Reset<br />
at&b V.32 Auto Retrain Options<br />
at&c Data Carrier Detect Options<br />
106
P.1. HAYES-MODEM-KOMMANDOS 107<br />
at&d Data Terminal Ready Options<br />
at&f Recall Factory Profile<br />
at&g Guard Tone Selection<br />
at&j Jack Type Selection<br />
at&k Local Flow Control Options<br />
at&l Line Type Selection<br />
at&o PAD Channel Selection<br />
at&q Communications Mode Options<br />
at&r RTS/CTS Options<br />
at&s Data Set Ready Options<br />
at&t Test Options<br />
at&u Trellis Coding Options<br />
at&v View Configuration Profiles<br />
at&w Write Active Profile to Memory<br />
at&x Synchronous Transmit Clock Source<br />
at&y Select Stored Profile for Hard Reset<br />
at&z Store Telephone Number<br />
Mehrere Kommandos dürfen zu einer Zeile vereinigt werden, wobei<br />
der at-Vorspann nur einmal zu Beginn erforderlich ist. Mit<br />
RETURN wird das Kommando beendet und die Ausführung veranlaßt.<br />
Um im transparenten Modus (das heißt während des<br />
Übertragens) in den Befehlsmodus zu schalten, ohne die Verbindung<br />
abzubrechen, ist das Kommando +++ gefolgt von einer<br />
Pause von mindestens 1 sec zu geben. Eine für Deutschland verwendbare<br />
Startsequenz lautet:<br />
ATZ<br />
AT S7=45 S0=0 V1 X3<br />
ATDP 0721,38340<br />
Die erste Zeile sorgt für ein Reset, dann wird das Register S7<br />
auf 45 Sekunden gesetzt. Falls das Modem innerhalb dieser Zeit<br />
nach dem Wählvorgang keine Antwort bekommt, legt es wieder<br />
auf. Der Wert 0 im Register S0 bewirkt, daß das Modem<br />
ankommende Anrufe nicht beantwortet, also nur für abgehende<br />
Verbindungen eingerichtet ist. Das Kommando V1 teilt dem<br />
Modem mit, Statusmeldungen (result codes) in Wortform, nicht<br />
als Zahlen auszugeben. X3 schließlich legt ein bestimmtes Antwortverhalten<br />
des Modems fest. Die letzte Zeile veranlaßt die
108 ANHANG P. SPEZIELLE SPRACHEN<br />
Wahl der Nummer 0721-Pause-60451 im hierzulande gebräuchlichen<br />
Pulswählverfahren. Geht alles gut, pfeift ein Modem des<br />
Rechenzentrums der Universität Karlsruhe zurück.
Q ISO 3166 Ländercodes<br />
Bei den Namen von Computern im Internet ist es außerhalb<br />
der USA üblich, als letzten Teil den Ländercode nach<br />
ISO 3166 anzugeben. Dies ist nicht zwingend, es gibt Bezeichnungen,<br />
die eine Organisation angeben und daher nicht von ISO<br />
3166 erfaßt werden. Die vollständige Tabelle findet sich unter<br />
ftp://ftp.ripe.net/iso3166-countrycodes.<br />
Land A 2 A 3 Nummer<br />
ALBANIA AL ALB 008<br />
ALGERIA DZ DZA 012<br />
ANDORRA AD AND 020<br />
ARGENTINA AR ARG 032<br />
AUSTRALIA AU AUS 036<br />
AUSTRIA AT AUT 040<br />
BAVARIA, FREE STATE OF FB FBA 999<br />
BAHAMAS BS BHS 044<br />
BELARUS BY BLR 112<br />
BELGIUM BE BEL 056<br />
BOLIVIA BO BOL 068<br />
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOWINA BA BIH 070<br />
BRAZIL BR BRA 076<br />
BULGARIA BG BGR 100<br />
CANADA CA CAN 124<br />
CHILE CL CHL 152<br />
CHINA CN CHN 156<br />
CHRISTMAS ISLAND CX CXR 162<br />
COCOS ISLANDS CC CCK 166<br />
COLOMBIA CO COL 170<br />
CROATIA HR HRV 191<br />
CYPRUS CY CYP 196<br />
CZECH REPUBLIC CZ CZE 203<br />
DENMARK DK DNK 208<br />
ECUADOR EC ECU 218<br />
EGYPT EG EGY 818<br />
109
110 ANHANG Q. ISO 3166 LÄNDERCODES<br />
ESTONIA EE EST 233<br />
FAROE ISLANDS FO FRO 234<br />
FINLAND FI FIN 246<br />
FRANCE FR FRA 250<br />
GEORGIA GE GEO 268<br />
GERMANY DE DEU 276<br />
GIBRALTAR GI GIB 292<br />
GREECE GR GRC 300<br />
GREENLAND GL GRL 304<br />
HONG KONG HK HKG 344<br />
HUNGARY HU HUN 348<br />
ICELAND IS ISL 352<br />
INDIA IN IND 356<br />
INDONESIA ID IDN 360<br />
IRELAND IE IRL 372<br />
ISRAEL IL ISR 376<br />
ITALY IT ITA 380<br />
JAPAN JP JPN 392<br />
KOREA, REPUBLIC OF KR KOR 410<br />
LATVIA LV LVA 428<br />
LEBANON LB LBN 422<br />
LIECHTENSTEIN LI LIE 438<br />
LITHUANIA LT LTU 440<br />
LUXEMBOURG LU LUX 442<br />
MACEDONIA, REPUBLIC OF MK MKD 807<br />
MALAYSIA MY MYS 458<br />
MALTA MT MLT 470<br />
MEXICO MX MEX 484<br />
MONACO MC MCO 492<br />
MOROCCO MA MAR 504<br />
NETHERLANDS NL NLD 528<br />
NEW ZEALAND NZ NZL 554<br />
NIUE NU NIU 570<br />
NORWAY NO NOR 578<br />
PAKISTAN PK PAK 586<br />
PERU PE PER 604<br />
POLAND PL POL 616<br />
PORTUGAL PT PRT 620<br />
QATAR QA QAT 634<br />
ROMANIA RO ROM 642
RUSSIAN FEDERATION RU RUS 643<br />
SAN MARINO SM SMR 674<br />
SAUDI ARABIA SA SAU 682<br />
SINGAPORE SG SGP 702<br />
SLOVAKIA SK SVK 703<br />
SLOVENIA SI SVN 705<br />
SOUTH AFRICA ZA ZAF 710<br />
SPAIN ES ESP 724<br />
SRI LANKA LK LKA 144<br />
SWEDEN SE SWE 752<br />
SWITZERLAND CH CHE 756<br />
TAIWAN TW TWN 158<br />
TONGA TO TON 776<br />
TRINIDAD + TOBAGO TT TTO 780<br />
TUNISIA TN TUN 788<br />
TURKEY TR TUR 792<br />
UKRAINE UA UKR 804<br />
UNITED KINGDOM GB GBR 826<br />
UNITED STATES US USA 840<br />
URUGUAY UY URY 858<br />
VATICAN VA VAT 336<br />
VENEZUELA VE VEN 862<br />
YUGOSLAVIA YU YUG 891<br />
111
R Requests For Comment<br />
(RFCs)<br />
Das Internet wird nicht durch Normen, sondern durch RFCs (Request<br />
For Comments) beschrieben, gegenwärtig etwa 4000 an<br />
der Zahl (Okt. 2004). Wird ein RFC durch einen neueren abgelöst,<br />
bekommt dieser auch eine neue, höhere Nummer. Es gibt also<br />
keine Versionen oder Ausgaben wie bei den DIN-Normen. Die<br />
BCPs und FYIs behalten ihre Nummer, auch wenn dahinter ein<br />
neuer RFC steht. Sucht man eine Information, besorgt man sich<br />
einen aktuellen Index der RFCs und startet in den Titeln, bei<br />
der höchsten Nummer beginnend, eine Stichwortsuche. Einige<br />
RFCs sind zugleich FYIs (For Your Information) mit eigener Zählung.<br />
Diese enthalten einführende Informationen. Andere RFCs<br />
haben den Rang von offiziellen Internet-Protokoll-Standards mit<br />
zusätzlicher, eigener Numerierung, siehe RFC 2900 Internet Official<br />
Protocol Standards vom August 2001, wobei ein Standard<br />
mehrere RFCs umfassen kann. Schließlich sind einige RFCs zugleich<br />
BCPs (Best Current Practice), siehe RFC 1818, oder RTRs<br />
(RARE Technical Report). Eine vollständige Sammlung findet<br />
sich auf ftp.nic.de/pub/rfc/. Die Dateien mit den Übersichten<br />
sind:<br />
• Request For Comments: rfc-index.txt, 600 kbyte,<br />
• For Your Information: fyi-index.txt, 10 kbyte,<br />
• Internet Standard: std-index.txt, 10 kbyte,<br />
• Best Current Practice: bcp-index.txt, 20 kbyte.<br />
Ähnlich auch bei www.rfc-editor.org/. Zusammenfassungen<br />
(Abstracts) der Entwürfe (Internet Drafts) zu kommenden RF-<br />
Cs finden sich bei www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.<br />
Genießen Sie RFCs, die an einem ersten April erschienen sind,<br />
mit Vorsicht. Hier folgt eine Auswahl von RFCs, nach der Nummer<br />
sortiert.<br />
112
R.1. AUSGEWÄHLTE RFCS, OHNE FYIS 113<br />
R.1 Ausgewählte RFCs, ohne FYIs<br />
0001 Host Software (1969)<br />
0681 Network Unix (1975)<br />
0783 The TFTP Protocol (1981)<br />
0814 Name, Addresses, Ports, and Routes (1982)<br />
0821 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (1982)<br />
0894 A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over Ethernet<br />
Networks (1984)<br />
0902 ARPA-Internet Protocol policy (1984)<br />
0959 File Transfer Protocol (1985)<br />
1000 The Request For Comments Reference Guide (1987)<br />
1034 Domain names – concepts and facilities (1987)<br />
1036 Standard for Interchange of USENET Messages (1987)<br />
1087 Ethics and the Internet (1989)<br />
1094 NFS: Network File System Protocol Specification (1989)<br />
1118 Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Internet (1989)<br />
1122 Requirements for Internet Hosts – Communication Layers (1989)<br />
1123 Requirements for Internet Hosts – Application and Support (1989)<br />
1173 Responsibilities of Host and Network Managers (1991)<br />
1180 TCP/IP Tutorial (1991)<br />
1208 Glossary of Networking Terms (1991)<br />
1211 Problems with the Maintenance of Large Mailing Lists (1991)<br />
1281 Guidelines for the secure operations of the Internet (1991)<br />
1295 User bill of rights for entries and listing in the public directory (19<br />
1296 Internet Growth (1981 – 1991) (1992)<br />
1310 Internet standards process (1992)<br />
1327 Mapping between X.400(1988)/ISO 10021 and RFC 822 (1992)<br />
1331 Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) (1992)<br />
1336 Who’s who in the Internet (1992)<br />
1340 Assigned Numbers (1992)<br />
1345 Character Mnemonics and Character Sets (1992)<br />
1361 Simple Network Time Protocol (1992)<br />
1378 PPP AppleTalk Control Protocol (1992)<br />
1432 Recent Internet books (1993)<br />
1436 Internet Gopher Protocol (1993)<br />
1441 SMTP Introduction to version 2 of the Internet-standard<br />
Network Management Framework (1993)<br />
1459 Internet Relay Chat Protocol (1993)<br />
1460 Post Office Protocol - Version 3 (1993)
114 ANHANG R. REQUESTS FOR COMMENT (RFCS)<br />
1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space (1993)<br />
1475 TP/IX: The Next Internet (1993)<br />
1501 OS/2 User Group (1993)<br />
1506 A Tutorial on Gatewaying between X.400 and Internet Mail (1993)<br />
1510 The Kerberos Network Authentication Service (1993)<br />
1511 Common Authentication Technology Overview (1993)<br />
1591 Domain Name System Structure and Delegation (1994)<br />
1601 Charter of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) (1994)<br />
1602 The Internet Standards Process (1994)<br />
1603 IETF Working Group Guidelines and Procedures (1994)<br />
1607 A VIEW FROM THE 21ST CENTURY (1994)<br />
1610 Internet Official Protocol Standards (1994)<br />
1618 PPP over ISDN (1994)<br />
1661 The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) (1994)<br />
1684 Introduction to White Pages Services based on X.500 (1994)<br />
1690 Introducing the Internet Engineering and Planning Group<br />
(IEPG) (1994)<br />
1700 ASSIGNED NUMBERS (1994)<br />
1704 On Internet Authentication (1994)<br />
1738 Uniform Resource Locators (URL) (1994)<br />
1750 Randomness Recommendations for Security (1994)<br />
1752 The Recommendation for the IP Next Generation Protocol (1995)<br />
1775 To Be On the Internet (1995)<br />
1789 INETPhone: Telephone Services and Servers on Internet (1995)<br />
1808 Relative Uniform Resource Locators (1995)<br />
1818 Best Current Practices (1995)<br />
1825 Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol (1995)<br />
1835 Architecture of the WHOIS++ service (1995)<br />
1847 Security Multiparts for MIME: Multipart/Signed and<br />
Multipart/Encrypted (1995)<br />
1871 Addendum to RFC 1602 – Variance Procedure (1995)<br />
1881 IPv6 Address Allocation Management (1995)<br />
1882 The 12-Days of Technology Before Christmas (1995)<br />
1883 Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6), Specification (1995)<br />
1898 CyberCash Credit Card Protocol Version 0.8. (1996)<br />
1912 Common DNS Operational and Configuration Errors (1996)<br />
1913 Architecture of the Whois++ Index Service (1996)<br />
1918 Address Allocation for Private Internets (1996)<br />
1924 A Compact Representation of IPv6 Addresses (1996)<br />
1925 The Twelve Networking Truths (1996)
R.1. AUSGEWÄHLTE RFCS, OHNE FYIS 115<br />
1928 SOCKS Protocol Version 5. (1996)<br />
1935 What is the Internet, Anyway? (1996)<br />
1938 A One-Time Password System (1996)<br />
1939 Post Office Protocol - Version 3. (1996)<br />
1945 Hypertext Transfer Protocol – HTTP/1.0. (1996)<br />
1952 GZIP file format specification version 4.3. (1996)<br />
1955 New Scheme for Internet Routing and Addressing (ENCAPS)<br />
for IPNG (1996)<br />
1957 Some Observations on Implementations of the Post Office Protocol<br />
(POP3) (1996)<br />
1958 Architectural Principles of the Internet (1996)<br />
1963 PPP Serial Data Transport Protocol (SDTP) (1996)<br />
1968 The PPP Encryption Control Protocol (ECP) (1996)<br />
1972 A Method for the Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet<br />
Networks (1996)<br />
1984 IAB and IESG Statement on Cryptographic Technology and the<br />
Internet (1996)<br />
1991 PGP Message Exchange Formats (1996)<br />
2014 IRTF Research Group Guidelines and Procedures (1996)<br />
2015 MIME Security with Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) (1996)<br />
2026 The Internet Standards Process – Revision 3. (1996)<br />
2030 Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) Version 4 for IPv4, IPv6 an<br />
OSI (1996)<br />
2045 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format<br />
Internet Message Bodies (1996)<br />
2046 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media<br />
Types (1996)<br />
2047 MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) Part Three: Messa<br />
Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text (1996)<br />
2048 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) Part Four:<br />
Registration Procedures (1996)<br />
2049 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Five:<br />
Conformance Criteria and Examples (1996)<br />
2068 Hypertext Transfer Protocol – HTTP/1.1. (1997)<br />
2070 Internationalization of the Hypertext Markup Language (1997)<br />
2083 PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification (1997)<br />
2084 Considerations for Web Transaction Security (1997)<br />
2100 The Naming of Hosts (1997)<br />
2109 HTTP State Management Mechanism (1997)<br />
2110 MIME E-mail Encapsulation of Aggregate Documents, such as HT
116 ANHANG R. REQUESTS FOR COMMENT (RFCS)<br />
(MHTML) (1997)<br />
2111 Content-ID and Message-ID Uniform Resource Locators (1997)<br />
2112 The MIME Multipart/Related Content-type (1997)<br />
2133 Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6 (1997)<br />
2134 Articles of Incorporation of Internet Society (1997)<br />
2135 Internet Society By-Laws (1997)<br />
2145 Use and Interpretation of HTTP Version Numbers (1997)<br />
2146 U.S. Government Internet Domain Names (1997)<br />
2147 TCP and UDP over IPv6 Jumbograms (1997)<br />
2153 PPP Vendor Extensions (1997)<br />
2167 Referral Whois (RWhois) Protocol V1.5. (1997)<br />
2168 Resolution of Uniform Resource Identifiers using the Domain Name<br />
System (1997)<br />
2180 IMAP4 Multi-Accessed Mailbox Practice (1997)<br />
2182 Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers (1997)<br />
2185 Routing Aspects of IPv6 Transition (1997)<br />
2186 Internet Cache Protocol (ICP), version 2 (1997)<br />
2187 Application of Internet Cache Protocol (ICP) (1997)<br />
2192 IMAP URL Scheme (1997)<br />
2202 Test Cases for HMAC-MD5 and HMAC-SHA-1 (1997)<br />
2212 Specification of Guaranteed Quality of Service (1997)<br />
2222 Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) (1997)<br />
2223 Instructions to RFC Authors (1997)<br />
2228 FTP Security Extensions (1997)<br />
2231 MIME Parameter Value and Encoded Word Extensions:<br />
Character Sets, Languages, and Continuations (1997)<br />
2237 Japanese Character Encoding for Internet Messages (1997)<br />
2245 Anonymous SASL Mechanism (1997)<br />
2323 IETF Identification and Security Guidelines (1998)<br />
2418 IETF Working Group Guidelines and Procedures (1998)<br />
2437 RSA Cryptography Specification Version 2.0 (1998)<br />
2440 OpenPGP Message Format (1998)<br />
2444 The One-Time-Password SASL Mechanism (1998)<br />
2464 Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Ethernet Networks (1998)<br />
2468 I Remember IANA (1998)<br />
2482 Language Tagging in Unicode Plain Text (1999)<br />
2499 Request for Comments Summary (1999)<br />
2500 INTERNET OFFICIAL PROTOCOL STANDARDS (1999)<br />
2505 Anti-Spam Recommendations for SMTP MTAs (1999)<br />
2518 HTTP Extensions for Distributed Authoring (1999)
R.1. AUSGEWÄHLTE RFCS, OHNE FYIS 117<br />
2542 Terminology and Goals for Internet Fax (1999)<br />
2555 30 Years of RFCs (1999)<br />
2577 FTP Security Considerations (1999)<br />
2588 IP Multicast and Firewalls (1999)<br />
2611 URN Namespace Definition Mechanisms (1999)<br />
2616 Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP/1.1 (1999)<br />
2626 The Internet and the Millenium Problem (1999)<br />
2628 Simple Cryptographic Program Interface (1999)<br />
2637 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (1999)<br />
2639 Internet Printing Protocol/Implementer’s Guide (1999)<br />
2640 Internationalizationof the File Transfer Protocol (1999)<br />
2646 The Text/Plain Parameter (1999)<br />
2647 Benchmarking Terminology for Firewall Performance (1999)<br />
2651 The Architecture of the Common Indexing Protocol (1999)<br />
2659 Security Extensions For HTML (1999)<br />
2663 IP Network Address Translator (NAT) Terminology and Considera<br />
(1999)<br />
2675 IPv6 Jumbograms (1999)<br />
2683 IMAP4 Implementation Recommendations (1999)<br />
2685 Virtual Private Networks Identifier (1999)<br />
2691 A Memorandum of Understanding for an ICANN Protocol Support<br />
Organization (1999)<br />
2718 Guidelines for new URL Schemes (1999)<br />
2756 Hyper Text Caching Protocol (2000)<br />
2761 Terminology for ATM Benchmarking (2000)<br />
2766 Network Address Translation – Protocol Translation (2000)<br />
2773 Encryption using KEA and SKIPJACK (2000)<br />
2775 Internet Transparency (2000)<br />
2822 Internet Message Format (2001)<br />
2828 Internet Security Glossary (2000)<br />
2839 Internet Kermit Service (2000)<br />
2860 Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Technical Work<br />
of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (2000)<br />
2874 DNS Extensions to Support IPv6 Address Aggregation and<br />
Renumbering (2000)<br />
2875 Diffie-Hellman Proof-of-Possession Algorithms (2000)<br />
2888 Secure Remote Access with L2TP (2000)<br />
2901 Guide to Administrative Procedures of the Internet<br />
Infrastructure (2000)<br />
2910 Internet Printing Protocol/1.1 (2000)
118 ANHANG R. REQUESTS FOR COMMENT (RFCS)<br />
2913 MIME Content Types in Media Feature Expressions (2000)<br />
2924 Accounting Attributes and Record Formats (2000)<br />
2929 Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations (2000)<br />
2938 Identifying Composite Media Features (2000)<br />
2960 Stream Control Transmission Protocol (2000)<br />
2965 HTTP State Management Mechanism (2000)<br />
2969 Wide Area Directory Deployment (2000)<br />
2977 Mobile IP Authentication, Authorization and Accounting<br />
Reqirements (2000)<br />
2979 Behavior of and Requirements for Internet Firewalls (2000)<br />
2990 Next Steps for the IP QoS Architecture (2000)<br />
3001 A URN Namespace of Object Identifiers (2000)<br />
3002 Overview of 2000 IAB Wireless Internetworking Workshop (2000)<br />
3003 The audio/mpeg Media Type (2000)<br />
3010 NFS Version 4 Protocol (2000)<br />
3013 Recommended Internet Service Provider Security Services<br />
and Procedures (2000)<br />
3028 Sieve: A Mail Filtering Language (2001)<br />
3031 Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture (2001)<br />
3036 LDP Specification (2001)<br />
3076 Canonical XML Version 1.0 (2001)<br />
3072 Structured Data Exchange Format (SDXF) (2001)<br />
3093 Firewall Enhancement Protocol (FEP) (2001)<br />
3106 ECML v1.1: Field Specifications for E-Commerce (2001)<br />
3125 Electronic Signature Policies (2001)<br />
3143 Known HTTP Proxy/Caching Problems (2001)<br />
3377 LDAP (v3) Technical Specification (2002)<br />
3383 IANA Considerations for the LDAP (2002)<br />
R.2 1.-April-RFCs<br />
Ohne Gewähr dafür, ob sie ernst gemeint sind oder nicht.<br />
0112 User/Server Site Protocol: Network host questionaire responses (1971)<br />
0499 Harvard’s Network RJE (1973)<br />
0748 Telnet randomly-lose option (1978)<br />
0777 Internet Control Message Protocol (1981)<br />
0779 Telnet send-location option (1981)<br />
0852 ARPANET short blocking feature (1983)<br />
0893 Trailer encapsulations (1984)
R.2. 1.-APRIL-RFCS 119<br />
0894 Standard for the transmission of IP datagrams over Ethernet netw<br />
(1984)<br />
0895 Standard for the transmission of IP datagrams over experimental<br />
Ethernet networks (1984)<br />
1147 FYI on a Network Management Tool Catalog<br />
0898 Gateway special interest group meeting notes (1984)<br />
0904 Exterior Gateway Protocol formal specification (1984)<br />
0905 ISO Transport Protocol specification ISO DP 8073 (1984)<br />
0940 Toward an Internet standard scheme for subnetting (1985)<br />
0941 Addendum to the network service definition covering network<br />
layer addressing (1985)<br />
0943 Assigned numbers (1985)<br />
0944 Official ARPA-Internet protocols (1985)<br />
0982 Guidelines for the specification of the structure of the<br />
Domain Specific Part (DSP) of the ISO standard<br />
NSAP adress (1986)<br />
0983 ISO transport arrives on top of the TCP (1986)<br />
0995 End System to Intermediate System Routing Exchange Protocol<br />
for use in conjunction with ISO 8473 (1986)<br />
0999 Requests For Comments summary notes: 900 - 999 (1987)<br />
1004 Distributed=protocol authentication scheme (1987)<br />
1050 RPC: Remote Procedure Call Protocol specification (1988)<br />
1052 IAB recommendations for the development of Internet<br />
network management standards (1988)<br />
1053 Telnet X.3 PAD option (1988)<br />
1095 Common Management Information Services and Protocol<br />
over TCP/IP (1989)<br />
1097 Telnet subliminal-message option (1989)<br />
1100 IAB official protocol standards (1989)<br />
1101 DNS encoding of network names and other types (1989)<br />
1147 FYI on a Network Management Tool Catalog: Tools for<br />
Monitoring and Debugging TCP/IP Internets and<br />
Interconnected Devices (1990)<br />
1149 Standard for the transmission of IP datagrams on avian carriers (1<br />
1151 Version 2 of the Reliable Data Protocol (RDP) (1990)<br />
1152 Workshop report: Internet research steering group workshop<br />
on very-high-speed networks (1990)<br />
1153 Digest message format (1990)<br />
1154 Encoding header field for internet messages (1990)<br />
1200 IAB official protocol standards (1991)
120 ANHANG R. REQUESTS FOR COMMENT (RFCS)<br />
1214 OSI internet management: Management Information Base (1991)<br />
1216 Gigabit network economics and paradigm shifts (1991)<br />
1217 Memo from the Consortium for Slow Commotion Research (1991)<br />
1218 Naming scheme for c=US (1991)<br />
1219 On the assignment of subnet numbers (1991)<br />
1220 Point-to-Point Protocol extensions for bridging (1991)<br />
1221 Host access protocol (HAP) specification: Version 2 (1991)<br />
1313 Today’s Programming for KRFC AM 1313 Internet Talk Radio (1992)<br />
1437 The Extension of MIME Content-Types to a New Medium (1993)<br />
1438 IETF Statements of Boredom (SOBs) (1993)<br />
1605 SONET to Sonnet Translation (1994)<br />
1606 A Historical Perspective On The Usage Of IP Version 9 (1994)<br />
1607 A View from the 21st Century (1994)<br />
1776 The Address is the Message (1995)<br />
1924 A Compact Representaion of IPv6 Adresses (1996)<br />
1925 The Twelve Networking Truths (1996)<br />
1926 An Experimental Encapsulation of IP Datagrams on Top of ATM (1996<br />
1927 Suggested Additional MIME Types for Associating Documents (1996)<br />
2100 The Naming of Hosts (1997)<br />
2321 RITA – The Reliable Internetwork Troubleshooting Agent (1998)<br />
2322 Management of IP numbers by peg-dhcp (1998)<br />
2323 IETF Identification and Security Guidelines (1998)<br />
2324 Hypertext Coffee Pot Control Protocol HTCPCP/1.0 (1998)<br />
2325 Definitons of Managed Objects for Drip-Type Heated Beverage<br />
Hardware Devices Using SMIv2 (1998)<br />
2549 IP Over Avian Carriers with Quality of Service (1999)<br />
2550 Y10K and Beyond (1999)<br />
2551 The Roman Standards Process – Revision III (1999)<br />
2795 The Infinite Monkey Protocol Suite (2000)<br />
3091 Pi Digit Generation Protocol (2001)<br />
3092 Etymology of Foo (2001)<br />
3093 Firewall Enhancement Protocol (FEP) (2001)<br />
3251 Electricity over IP (2002)<br />
3252 Binary Lexical Octet Ad-hoc Transport (2002)<br />
R.3 Alle FYIs<br />
0001 FYI on FYI: Introduction to the FYI notes (1990) (RFC1150)<br />
0002 FYI on a Network Management Tool Catalog: Tools for monitoring
R.3. ALLE FYIS 121<br />
and debugging TCP/IP internets and interconnected<br />
devices (1993) (RFC1470)<br />
0003 FYI on Where to Start: A bibliography of internetworking<br />
information (1991) (RFC1175)<br />
0004 FYI on Questions and Answers - Answers to Commonly asked New<br />
Internet User Questions (1999) (RFC2664)<br />
0005 Choosing a name for your computer (1991) (RFC1178)<br />
0006 FYI on the X Window System (1991) (RFC1198)<br />
0007 FYI on Questions and Answers: Answers to commonly asked<br />
experienced Internet user questions (1991) (RFC1207)<br />
0008 Site Security Handbook (1997) (RFC2196)<br />
0009 Who’s Who in the Internet: Biographies of IAB, IESG and<br />
IRSG Members (1992) (RFC1336)<br />
0010 There is Gold in them thar Networks! or Searching for Treasure<br />
in all the Wrong Places (1993) (RFC1402)<br />
0011 X.500 Implementations Catalog-96 (1997) (RFC2116)<br />
0012 Building a Network Information Services Infrastructure<br />
(1992) (RFC1302)<br />
0013 Executive Introduction to Directory Services Using the<br />
X.500 Protocol (1992) (RFC1308)<br />
0014 Technical Overview of Directory Services Using the<br />
X.500 Protocol (1992) (RFC1309)<br />
0015 Privacy and Accuracy Issues in Network Information Center<br />
Databases (1992) (RFC1355)<br />
0016 Connecting to the Internet – What Connecting Institutions<br />
Should Anticipate (1992) (RFC1359)<br />
0017 The Tao of IETF - A Guide for New Attendees of the Internet<br />
Engineering Task Force (2001) (RFC3160)<br />
0018 Internet Users’ Glossary (1996) (RFC1983)<br />
0019 FYI on Introducing the Internet – A Short Bibliography of<br />
Introductory Internetworking Readings (1993) (RFC1463)<br />
0020 FYI on What is the Internet (1993) (RFC1462)<br />
0021 A Survey of Advanced Usages of X.500 (1993) (RFC1491)<br />
0022 Frequently Asked Questions for Schools (1996) (RFC1941)<br />
0023 Guide to Network Resource Tool (1994) (RFC1580)<br />
0024 How to Use Anonymous FTP (1994) (RFC1635)<br />
0025 A Status Report on Networked Information Retrieval:<br />
Tools and Groups (1994) (RFC1689)<br />
0026 K-12 Internetworking Guidelines (1994) (RFC1709)<br />
0027 Tools for DNS debugging (1994) (RFC1713)
122 ANHANG R. REQUESTS FOR COMMENT (RFCS)<br />
0028 Netiquette Guidelines (1995) (RFC1855)<br />
0029 Catalogue of Network Training Materials (1996) (RFC2007)<br />
0030 A Primer On Internet and TCP/IP Tools and Utilities (1997) (RFC2151<br />
0031 Humanities and Arts: Sharing Center Stage on the Internet<br />
(1997) (RFC2150)<br />
0032 Hobbes’ Internet Timeline (1997) (RFC2235)<br />
0033 Some Testing Tools for TCP Implementors (1998) (RFC2398)<br />
0034 Users’ Security Handbook (1999) (RFC2504)<br />
0035 DON’T SPEW. A Set of Guidelines for Mass Unsolicited Mailings and<br />
Postings (spam*) (1999) (RFC2635)<br />
0036 Internet Security Glossary (2000) (RFC2828)<br />
0037 Guide to Administrative Procedures of the Internet Infrastructure<br />
(2000) (RFC2901)<br />
0038 How to Advertise Responsibly Using E-Mail and Newsgroups (2001) (R<br />
R.4 Alle BCPs<br />
0001 Best Current Practices (1995) (RFC1818)<br />
0002 Addendum to RFC 1602 – Variance Procedure (1995) (RFC1871)<br />
0003 Variance for The PPP Connection Control Protocol and The PPP<br />
Encryption Control Protocol (1996) (RFC1915)<br />
0004 An Appeal to the Internet Community to Return Unused<br />
IP Networks (Prefixes) to the IANA (1996) (RFC1917)<br />
0005 Address Allocation for Private Internets (1996) (RFC1918)<br />
0006 Guidelines for creation, selection, and registration of an<br />
Autonomous System (AS) (1996) (RFC1930)<br />
0007 Implications of Various Address Allocation Policies for<br />
Internet Routing (1996) (RFC2008)<br />
0008 IRTF Research Group Guidelines and Procedures (1996) (RFC2014)<br />
0009 The Internet Standards Process – Revision 3 (1996) (RFC2026)<br />
0010 IAB and IESG Selection, Confirmation, and Recall Process:<br />
Operation of the Nominating and Recall Committees<br />
(2000) (RFC2727)<br />
0011 The Organizations Involved in the IETF Standards Process<br />
(1996) (RFC2028)<br />
0012 Internet Registry IP Allocation Guidelines (1996) (RFC2050)<br />
0013 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) Part Four:<br />
Registration Procedures (1996) (RFC2048)<br />
0014 Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels
R.4. ALLE BCPS 123<br />
(1997) (RFC2119)<br />
0015 Deployment of the Internet White Pages Service (1997) (RFC2148)<br />
0016 Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers (1997) (RFC21<br />
0017 Use of DNS Aliases for Network Services (1997) (RFC2219)<br />
0018 IETF Policy on Character Sets and Languages (1998) (RFC2277)<br />
0019 IANA Charset Registration Procedures (2000) (RFC2978)<br />
0020 Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation (1998) (RFC2317)<br />
0021 Expectations for Computer Security Incident Response (1998)<br />
(RFC2350)<br />
0022 Guide for Internet Standards Writers (1998) (RFC2360)<br />
0023 Administratively Scoped IP Multicast (1998) (RFC2365)<br />
0024 RSVP over ATM Implementation Guidelines (1998) (RFC2379)<br />
0025 IETF Working Group Guidelines and Procedures (1998) (RFC2418<br />
0026 Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs<br />
(1998) (RFC2434)<br />
0027 Advancement of MIB specifications on the IETF Standards Track<br />
(1998) (RFC2438)<br />
0028 Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels using Standard Mechanis<br />
(1999) (RFC2488)<br />
0029 Procedure for Defining New DHCP Options (1999) (RFC2489)<br />
0030 Anti-Spam Recommendations for SMTP MTAs (1999) (RFC2505)<br />
0031 Media Feature Tag Registration Procedure (1999) (RFC2506)<br />
0032 Reserved Top Level DNS Names (1999) (RFC2606)<br />
0033 URN Namespace Definition Mechanisms (1999) (RFC2611)<br />
0034 Changing the Default for Directed Broadcasts in Routers<br />
(1999) (RFC2644)<br />
0035 Registration Procedures for URL Scheme Names (1999) (RFC2717<br />
0036 Guidelines for Writers of RTP Payload Format Specifications<br />
(1999) (RFC2736)<br />
0037 IANA Allocation Guidelines For Values In the Internet Protocol<br />
and Related Headers (2000) (RFC2780)<br />
0038 Network Ingress Filtering: Defeating Denial of Service Attacks<br />
which employ IP Source Address Spoofing (2000) (RFC2827)<br />
0039 Charter of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) (2000) (RFC2850<br />
0040 Root Name Server Operational Requirements (2000) (RFC2870)<br />
0041 Congestion Control Principles (2000) (RFC2914)<br />
0042 Domain Name System (DNS) IANA Considerations (2000) (RFC29<br />
0043 Procedures and IANA Guidelines for Definition of New DHCP Opt<br />
and Message Types (2000) (RFC2939)<br />
0044 Use of HTTP State Management (2000) (RFC2964)
124 ANHANG R. REQUESTS FOR COMMENT (RFCS)<br />
0045 IETF Discussion List Charter (2000) (RFC3005)<br />
0046 Recommended Internet Service Provider Security Services<br />
and Procedures (2000) (RFC3013)<br />
0047 Tags for the Identification of Languages (2001) (RFC3066)<br />
0048 End-to-end Performance Implications of Slow Links (2001) (RFC3150)<br />
0049 Delegation of IP6.ARPA (2001) (RFC3152)<br />
0050 End-to-end Performance Implications of Links with Errors<br />
(2001) (RFC3155)<br />
0051 IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments (2001)<br />
(RFC3171)<br />
0052 Management Guidelines & Operational Requirements for the Address<br />
and Routing Parameter Area Domain (arpa) (2001) (RFC3172)<br />
0053 GLOP Addressing in 233/8 (2001) (RFC3180)<br />
0054 IETF Guidelines for Conduct () (RFC3184)<br />
0055 Guidelines for Evidence Collection and Archiving () (RFC3227)<br />
0056 On the use of HTTP as a Substrate () (RFC3205)<br />
0057 IANA Considerations for IPv4 Internet Group Management<br />
Protocol (IGMP) () (RFC3228)<br />
0058 Defining the IETF () (RFC3233)<br />
0059 A Transient Prefix for Identifying Profiles under<br />
Development () (RFC3349)<br />
0060 Inappropriate TCP Resets Considered Harmful () (RFC3360)<br />
0061 Strong Security Requirements for Internet Engineering<br />
Task Force Standard Protocols () (RFC3365)<br />
0062 Advice to link designers on link Automatic Repeat reQuest<br />
(ARQ) () (RFC3366)<br />
0063 Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Telephones (SIP-T):<br />
Context and Architectures () (RFC3372)<br />
0064 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) Considerations<br />
for the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol<br />
(LDAP) () (RFC3383)<br />
0065 Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDS) Part Five:<br />
URLARPA Assignment Procedures (2002) (RFC3405)<br />
0066 Uniform Resource Names (URN) Namespace Definition<br />
Mechanisms (2002) (RFC3406)<br />
0067 Change Process for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)<br />
(2002) (RFC3427)<br />
0068 Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) IANA Considerations Update<br />
(2002) (RFC3438)<br />
0069 TCP Performance Implications of Network Path Asymmetrie
R.4. ALLE BCPS 125<br />
(2002) (RFC3449)<br />
0070 Guidelines for the Use of XML within IETF Protocols<br />
(2003) (RFC3470)<br />
0071 TCP over Second (2.5G) and Third (3G) Generation Wireless<br />
Networks (2003) (RFC3481)<br />
0072 Guidelines for Writing RFC Text on Security Considerations<br />
(2003) (RFC3552)<br />
0073 An IETF URN Sub-namespace for Registered Protocol Parameters<br />
(2003) (RFC3553)<br />
0074 Coexistence between Version 1, Version 2, and Version 3 of the<br />
Internet-standard Network Management Framework<br />
(2003) (RFC3584)<br />
0075 Session Inititation Protocol (SIP). Basic Call Flow Examples<br />
(2003) (RFC3665)<br />
0076 Session Inittiation Protocol (SIP). Public Switched Telephone<br />
Network (PSTN) Call Flows. (2003) (RFC3666)<br />
0077 IETF ISOC Boardof Trustee Appointment Procedures<br />
(2003) (RFC3677)<br />
0078 IETF Rights in Contributions (2004) (RFC3667)<br />
0079 Intellectual Property Rights in IETF Technology<br />
(2004) (RFC3668)<br />
0080 Delegation of E.F.F.3.IP6.ARPA. (2004) (RFC3681)<br />
0081 The IETF XML Registry. (2004) (RFC3688)<br />
0082 Assigning Experimental and Testing Numbers Considered Useful<br />
(2004) (RFC3692)<br />
0083 A Practice for Revoking Posting Rights to IETF Mailing Lists<br />
(2004) (RFC3683)<br />
0084 Ingress Filtering for Multihomed Networks<br />
Best(2004) Current (RFC3704) Practices0085 for Third Party Call Control (3pcc)<br />
in the Session Inititation Protocol (SIP)<br />
(2004) (RFC3725)<br />
0086 Determining Strength for Public Keys Used for Exchanging<br />
Symmetric Keys. (2004) (RFC3766)<br />
0087 Use of Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) Metric as a second<br />
MPLS Traffic Engineering (TE) Metric<br />
(2004) (RFC3785)<br />
0088 IANA Considerations for the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)<br />
(2004) (RFC3818)<br />
0089 Advice for Internet Subnetwork Designers<br />
(2004) (RFC3819)
S Internet-Protokolle<br />
Ein Protokoll ist ein Satz von Regeln zur Verständigung zwischen<br />
zwei Computern oder Peripheriegeräten. Hier die wichtigsten<br />
im Internet verwendeten Protokolle:<br />
3DESE PPP Triple-DES Encryption Protocol (RFC 2420)<br />
ACAP Application Configuration Access Protocol (RFC 2244)<br />
AgentX Agent Extensibility Protocol (RFC 2257)<br />
ARP Address Resolution Protocol (RFC 826)<br />
ATMP Ascend Tunnel Management Protocol )RFC 2107)<br />
BAP PPP Bandwidth Allocation Protocol (RFC 2125)<br />
BACP PPP Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol (RFC 2125)<br />
BGP Border Gateway Protocol (RFC 1771)<br />
BOOTP Bootstrap Protocol (RFC 951, 1542)<br />
CCP PPP Compression Control Protocol (RFC 1962)<br />
CHAP PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (RFC 1994)<br />
CMOT Common Management Information Protocol over TCP (RFC 1095)<br />
DCAP Data Link Switching Client Access Protocol (RFC 2114)<br />
DESE-bisPPP DES Encryption Protocol (RFC 2419)<br />
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (RFC 2131)<br />
DLSw Data Link Switching Protocol (RFC 1795)<br />
DSP A Dictionary Server Protocol (RFC 2229)<br />
EAP PPP Extensible Authenication Protocol (RFC 2284)<br />
EARP Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol (RFC 826)<br />
Echo Echo Protocol (RFC 862)<br />
ECP PPP Encryption Control Protocol (RFC 1968)<br />
EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol (RFC 827, 904)<br />
ESRO Efficient Short Remote Operations Protocol (RFC 2188)<br />
FANP Flow Attribute Notification Protocol (RFC 2129)<br />
Finger Finger User Information Protocol (RFC 1288)<br />
FOOBARFTP Operation Over Big Address Records Protocol (RFC 1639)<br />
FTP File Transfer Protocol (RFC 959, 2228)<br />
GKMP Group Key Management Protocol Specification (RFC 2093)<br />
Gopher Internet gopher Protocol (RFC 1436)<br />
HTCPC Hypertext Coffee Pot Control Protocol (RFC 2324)<br />
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol (RFC 2068)<br />
126
127<br />
IARP Inverse Address Resolution Protocol (RFC 2390)<br />
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol (RFC 792, 950)<br />
ICMPv6Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 (RFC 1885)<br />
ICP Internet Cache Protocol (RFC 2186)<br />
IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol (RFC 2236)<br />
IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol (RFC 2060)<br />
IMPP Instant Messaging/Presence Protocol (RFC 2779)<br />
IOTP Internet Open Trading Protocol (RFC 2935)<br />
IP Internet Protocol (RFC 791)<br />
IPng Recommendation for the IP next generation Protocol (RFC 1752)<br />
IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6 (RFC 1883)<br />
IRC Internet Relay Chat Protocol (RFC 1459)<br />
LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (RFC 2251)<br />
LFAP Lightweight Flow Admission Protocol (RFC 2124)<br />
MAPOS Multiple Access Protocol over SONET (RFC 2171)<br />
MP PPP Multilink Protocol (RFC 1990)<br />
MPPC Microsoft Point-to-Point Compression Protocol (RFC 2118)<br />
NBFCP NetBIOS Frames Control Protocol (RFC 2097)<br />
NFS Network File System Protocol (RFC 1094 und 1813)<br />
NHRP NBMA Next Hop Resolution Protocol (RFC 2332)<br />
NNTP Network News Transport Protocol (RFC 977)<br />
NTP Network Time Protocol (RFC 1305)<br />
OFTP ODETTE File Transfer Protocol (RFC 2204)<br />
PIM-SMProtocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (RFC 2362)<br />
POP Post Office Protocol (RFC 1939)<br />
PPP Point to Point Protocol (RFC 1661, 2153)<br />
RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RFC 903)<br />
RIP Routing Information Protocol (RFC 1723)<br />
RPC Remote Procedure Call Protocol (RFC 1057, 1831 und 2339)<br />
RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol (RFC 2205)<br />
RTP Transport Protocol for Realtime Applications (RFC 1889)<br />
RTSP Real Time Streaming Protocol (RFC 2326)<br />
RWhois Referral Whois Protocol (RFC 2167)<br />
SCSP Server Cache Synchronization Protocol (RFC 2334)<br />
SDP Session Description Protocol (RFC 2327)<br />
SDTP PPP Serial Data Transport Protocol (RFC 1963)<br />
SLP Service Location Protocol (RFC 2165)<br />
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (RFC 821)<br />
SNACP PPP SNA Control Protocol (RFC 2043)<br />
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (RFC 1157)
128 ANHANG S. INTERNET-PROTOKOLLE<br />
SNQP Simple Nomenclator Query Protocol (RFC 2259)<br />
SNTP Simple Network Time Protocol (RFC 2030)<br />
SOCKS SOCKS Protocol (RFC 1928)<br />
TCP Transmission Control Protocol (RFC 793)<br />
Telnet Telnet Protocol (RFC 854)<br />
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol (RFC 783 und 1350)<br />
TIP Transaction Internet Protocol (RFC 2371)<br />
UDP User Datagram Protocol (RFC 768)<br />
VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (RFC 2338)<br />
XNSCP PPP XNS IDP Control Protocol (RFC 1764)<br />
Siehe auch RFC 2700: Internet Official Protocol Standards vom<br />
August 2000.
T Frequently Asked Questions<br />
(FAQs)<br />
In vielen Newsgruppen tauchen immer wieder dieselben Fragen<br />
auf. Irgendwann erbarmt sich ein Leser und sammelt sie samt<br />
den zugehörigen Antworten unter der Überschrift Frequently Asked<br />
Questions, abgekürzt FAQ. Diese FAQs (man beachte: der<br />
Plural eines Plurals) sind eine wertvolle Informationsquelle. Die<br />
Spektren der Themen und der Qualität sind so breit wie das<br />
Netz. Innerhalb der Netnews enthalten die FAQs naturgemäß<br />
nur Text, manche werden jedoch parallel dazu im WWW angeboten<br />
und können dort Grafik verwenden. Sie sind zu finden:<br />
• in der jeweiligen Newsgruppe,<br />
• in der Newsgruppe news.answers bzw. de.answers,<br />
• auf http://www.cs.ruu.nl/cgi-bin/faqwais (Universität<br />
Utrecht)<br />
• auf http://www.faqs.org/,<br />
• auf rtfm.mit.edu in den Verzeichnissen<br />
/pub/usenet-by-group/ bzw.<br />
/pub/usenet-by-hierarchie/.<br />
Um einen Überblick zu gewinnen, hole man sich per FTP<br />
vom MIT die Datei Index-byname.gz. Nachfolgend sind einige<br />
FAQs aufgeführt, aber bei weitem nicht alle:<br />
• Unix - Frequently Asked Questions, in<br />
comp.unix.questions. Siebenteilig, von TED TIMAR,<br />
seit 1989, daher ausgereift.<br />
• Unix Programming FAQ, in comp.unix.programmer.<br />
• Unix-FAQ/Shell, in comp.unix.shell. Von TED TIMAR.<br />
• Linux META-FAQ, in comp.os.linux.announce.<br />
• NetBSD, FreeBSD, and OpenBSD FAQ, gemeinsames<br />
zehnteiliges FAQ-Dokument in<br />
– comp.unix.bsd.netbsd.announce,<br />
129
130 ANHANG T. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQS)<br />
– comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce und<br />
– comp.unix.openbsd.announce.<br />
• vi Editor FAQ, in comp.editors und<br />
comp.unix.questions. Zweiteilig.<br />
• comp.lang.perl* FAQ, in comp.lang.perl.announce.<br />
Fünfteilig.<br />
• The X Toolkit Intrinsics FAQ, in comp.windows.x.<br />
• Catalog of compilers, interpreters, and other language<br />
tools, in comp.compilers und comp.lang.misc. Fünfteilig.<br />
• Comp.software.eng FAQ, in comp.software.eng.<br />
• FAQ List (zur Sprache C), in comp.lang.c.<br />
• C++ FAQ, in comp.lang.c++. Achtteilig.<br />
• Available C++ libraries FAQ, in comp.lang.c++. Sechsteilig.<br />
• Comp.lang.objective-c FAQ, in comp.lang.objective-c.<br />
Dreiteilig.<br />
• TCP/IP Resources List, in comp.protocols.tcp-ip.<br />
• TCP/IP Applications FAQ, in comp.protocols.tcp-ip.<br />
• FAQ: Internet-Zugänge in Deutschland, in de.etc.lists.<br />
• Netiquette für de.*. in de.newusers.questions.<br />
• Anonymous FTP Sitelist, in comp.archives. Dreiundzwanzigteilig.<br />
• World Wide Web FAQ, Introduction, in<br />
comp.infosystems.www. Von THOMAS BOUTELL.<br />
• comp.graphics.algorithms FAQ, in<br />
comp.graphics.algorithms.<br />
• comp.text FAQ, in comp.text.<br />
• TeX, LaTeX, Dante e. V. FAQ, in de.comp.text.tex. Elfteilig.<br />
• alt.comp.virus FAQ, in comp.virus. Dreiteilig.<br />
Natürlich gibt es auch FAQs zu Themen außerhalb der Informatik,<br />
beispielsweise de.rec.fahrrad FAQ, sechsteilig und<br />
monatlich in der Newsgruppe de.rec.fahrrad zu finden.
U Abkürzungen aus Informatik<br />
und Telekommunikation<br />
Gehen wir von 30 Zeichen aus, aus denen Abkürzungen gebildet<br />
werden, und nehmen wir eine größte Länge von 5 Zeichen<br />
an, so lassen sich 25.137.930 verschiedene Abkürzungen bilden<br />
(Kombinationen mit Wiederholung und Berücksichtigung der<br />
Reihenfolge). Es folgt eine Auswahl von rund 13000 Abkürzungen<br />
aus den Bereichen Informatik und Telekommunikation. Die<br />
Abkürzungen werden hier durchgehend groß geschrieben, Akzente,<br />
Bindestriche und dergleichen wurden weggelassen. Einige<br />
Abkürzungen sind geschützte Namen; diese sind nicht gekennzeichnet.<br />
Die Liste beschreibt nur den Gebrauch, sie legt nicht<br />
eine Definition fest.<br />
16CIF 16 times Common Intermediate Format (Picture Format)<br />
16QAM 16-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation<br />
1GL 1st Generation Language (Maschinencode)<br />
1TR6 (ISDN-Protokoll D-Kanal, national)<br />
2GL 2nd Generation Language (Assembler)<br />
2L8 Too Late (Slang)<br />
2MS Strukturierte Monopolleitung 2 Mbit/s<br />
3GIO 3rd Generation I/O (Bus, Interface)<br />
3GL 3rd Generation Language (C/C++, Fortran, Cobol)<br />
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Program<br />
3LH 3rd Level Hierarchy<br />
3PCC 3rd Party Call Control<br />
4CIF 4 times Common Intermediate Format (Picture Format)<br />
4GL 4th Generation Language (SQL, Labview, ABAP)<br />
4LH 4th Level Hierarchy<br />
5GL 5th Generation Language<br />
64QAM 64-state Quadrature Amplitude Modulation<br />
6GL 6th Generation Language<br />
7E1 (Zeichenformat: 7 Bits/Zeichen, parity even, 1 Stopbit)<br />
8N1 (Zeichenformat: 8 Bits/Zeichen, no parity bit, 1 Stopbit)<br />
10GE 10 GBit/s Ethernet<br />
131
132ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
A Advanced, American, Amplitude, Application, Architecture, Area, A<br />
A2DP Advanced Audio Distribution Profile<br />
AA Access Authorization<br />
AA Aiming Algorithm<br />
AA Anti-Aliasing<br />
AA Arbitrary Access<br />
AA Assistant Administrator<br />
AA Audits + Assessments<br />
AA Auto Answer<br />
AAA Authentication, Authorization, Accounting (system)<br />
AAAA Aussuchen – Auspacken – Anpassen – Anwenden<br />
AAAAAA Association for the Abolition of Abused Abbreviations and Asinine<br />
AAAI American Association of Artificial Intelligence<br />
AAB All-to-All Broadcast<br />
AAC Advanced Audio Coder/Coding<br />
AAC Apple Assistance Center<br />
AACD Academic Administrative Computing Services<br />
AACE Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education<br />
AACR Anglo-American Cataloging Rules<br />
AACS Advanced/Automated Access Content/Control System<br />
AACS Ann Arbor Computer Society<br />
AACS Asynchronous Address Communication System<br />
AACS Automated Analog Circuit Synthesis<br />
AAD Address Adder<br />
AADP Administrative Automatic Data Processing<br />
AAE Allgemeine Anschalt-Erlaubnis<br />
AAE Automatische Anrufeinrichtung<br />
AAFID Autonomous Agent For Intrusion Detection<br />
AAIC Accounting Authority Identification Code<br />
AAL Absolute Assembly Language<br />
AAL Asynchronous Transfer Mode Adaption Layer<br />
AAL ATM Adaptation Layer<br />
AALPDU AAL Protocol Data Unit<br />
AAM Automatic Acoustic Management<br />
AAMOF As A Matter Of Fact (Slang)<br />
AAN Associated Account Number<br />
AAP Advanced Adaptive Protocol<br />
AAP Applications Access Point
133<br />
AAP Association of American Publishers<br />
AAPI Audio Applications Programming Interface<br />
AAR Anfangsadressregister<br />
AARP AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol<br />
AAS All-to-All Scatter<br />
AAS Arithmetic Assignment Statement<br />
AASP ASCII Asynchronous Support Package<br />
AAT Average Access Time<br />
AATIS Arbeitskreis Amateurfunk und Telekommunikation in der Sch<br />
AATP Authorized Academic Training Program<br />
AAUI Apple Attachment Unit Interface<br />
AAVD Automatic Alternate Voice Data<br />
AB Anrufbeantworter<br />
AB Ausser Betrieb<br />
ABAP Advanced Business Application Programming (SAP)<br />
ABB ASEA Brown Boveri (Schweiz)<br />
ABC American Broadcasting Company<br />
ABC Applications of Broadband Communication<br />
ABC Atanasoff-Berry-Computer<br />
ABC Automatic Brightness Control<br />
ABCD Add, Browse, Change, Delete<br />
ABCS Advanced Business Communications via Satellite<br />
ABD Automatic Baudrate Detection<br />
ABEND Abnormal End<br />
ABF Adobe Binary Screen Font<br />
ABI Application Binary Interface<br />
ABIC Access Bus Industry Group<br />
ABIOS Advanced Basic Input Output System<br />
ABIST Automatic Built-In Self Test<br />
ABK Arbeitskreis Bildkommunikation<br />
ABLE Adaptive Battery Life Extender<br />
ABLE Agent Building and Learning Environment<br />
ABM Anything But Microsoft<br />
ABM Asynchronous Balanced Mode<br />
ABN Australian Bibliographic Network<br />
ABNF Augmented Backus-Naur Form<br />
ABNS Application Based Network Services<br />
ABR Automated Beacon Removal<br />
ABR Available Bit Rate<br />
ABRD Automatic Baud Rate Detection
134ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
ABRS Automated Book Request System<br />
ABS Address Book Synchronization<br />
ABS Authorized Bearer Services (Exceptions)<br />
ABS Automatic Backup Shutdown<br />
ABT Abort<br />
ABT ATM Block Transfer<br />
ABTDT ATM Block Transfer Delayed Transmission<br />
ABTIT ATM Block Transfer Immediate Transmission<br />
ABTS ASCII Block Terminal Services<br />
AC Access/Automatic Control<br />
AC Access Concentrator<br />
AC Accumulator<br />
AC Advisory Committee<br />
AC Alternating Current<br />
AC Analogue Computer<br />
AC Arc Consistency<br />
AC Audio Code/Codec/Coding<br />
AC Authority Center<br />
AC Auto Check<br />
ACA Application Control Architecture (DEC)<br />
ACAP Application Configuration Access Protocol<br />
ACAP Automated Content Access Protocol<br />
ACAS Application Control Architecture Services<br />
ACATS Advisory Committee on Advanced Television Systems<br />
ACC Abnormal Condition Control<br />
ACC Access<br />
ACC Accumulator<br />
ACC Adaptive Cruise Control<br />
ACC Area Communication Controller<br />
ACCMAIL Accessing the Internet via Email<br />
ACCU Association of C and C++ Users<br />
ACD Automated/Automatic Call Director/Distributor/Distribution<br />
ACDF Access Control Decision Function<br />
ACDG Automatic Call Distribution Group<br />
ACDI Asynchronous Communication Device Interface<br />
ACDP Australian Committee on Data Processing<br />
ACE A Compact Evaluated Nuclear Data File<br />
ACE Access Control Encryption/Entry<br />
ACE Adaptive Communication Environment<br />
ACE Additional Core Enhancements
135<br />
ACE Adobe Certified Expert<br />
ACE Advanced Computing Environment (SCO)<br />
ACE Adverse Channel Enhancement<br />
ACE ASCII Compatible Encoding<br />
ACE Automatic Calling Equipment<br />
ACELP Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction<br />
ACF Access Control Field<br />
ACF Admission Confirmation<br />
ACF Advanced Communication Function<br />
ACF Attribute Configuration File<br />
ACFC Address and Control Field Compression<br />
ACFM Alternating Current Frequency Modulation<br />
ACH Automeated Clearing House<br />
ACI Access Control Information<br />
ACI Adjacent Channel Interference<br />
ACI Advanced Chip Interconnection<br />
ACI Advanced Computing Initiative<br />
ACI American Computer Innovators<br />
ACI Application Communication Interface<br />
ACIA Access Control Inner Area<br />
ACIA Asynchronous Communication Interface Adapter<br />
ACIAS Automated Calibration Internal Analysis System<br />
ACID Add, Change, Inquire, Delete<br />
ACID Analysis Console for Intrusion Databases<br />
ACID Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability<br />
ACIS American Committee for Interoperable Systems<br />
ACK Acknowledge/Acknowledgement<br />
ACK Amsterdam Compiler Kit<br />
ACL Access Control List<br />
ACL Account Classification<br />
ACL Advanced Computing Laboratory<br />
ACL Agent Communication Language<br />
ACL Application Connectivity Link<br />
ACL Asynchronous Connectionless Link<br />
ACLS Accounting Class Packet Services<br />
ACLU American Civil Liberties Union, USA<br />
ACM Association for Computing Machinery, USA<br />
ACM Audio Compression Manager<br />
ACME Assembling Configuration Management Environments<br />
ACMS Application Control Management System
136ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
ACONET Akademisches Computer-Netz, Österrreich<br />
ACOPS Automatic CPU Overheat Prevention System<br />
ACOS Additional Call Offering Service<br />
ACP Analog Copy Protection<br />
ACP Ancillary Control Program<br />
ACP Automatic Channel Programming<br />
ACP Auxiliary Control Process<br />
ACP Average CPU Power<br />
ACPI Advanced Configuration and Power Interface<br />
ACPICA Advanced Configuration and Power Management Interface Compo<br />
ACR Advanced Communication Riser<br />
ACR Allowed Cell Rate<br />
ACR Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio<br />
ACRG Access Code Restriction Group<br />
ACROSS Automated Cargo Release and Operations Service System<br />
ACS Access Control Server/Set/System<br />
ACS Account Control System<br />
ACS Advanced Communication/Computer System<br />
ACS Aldus Color File<br />
ACS Anti Curl System<br />
ACS Asynchronous Communication Server<br />
ACSA Access Control Specific Area<br />
ACSE Association Control Service Element/Entity<br />
ACSK Adaptive Code Shift Keying<br />
ACSNET Australian Computer Science Network<br />
ACSR Automatic Customer Station Rearrangement<br />
ACSS Audio Cascading Style Sheet<br />
ACT Advanced Communication for Training<br />
ACT Applied Computerized Telephony (HP)<br />
ACTA America’s Carriers Telecommunication Association<br />
ACTI Advanced Computational Technology Initiative<br />
ACTL Access Customer Terminal Location<br />
ACTLU Active Logical Unit<br />
ACTPU Active Physical Unit<br />
ACTS Advanced Communications Technologies and Services<br />
ACTS Advanced Communications Technology Satellite<br />
ACTS Automated Computer Time Service (NIST)<br />
ACTT Advanced Communication and Timekeeping Technology<br />
ACTU Active User<br />
ACTV Advanced Compatible Television
137<br />
ACU Access Control Unit<br />
ACU Acknowledgement Signal Unit<br />
ACU Automatic Calling Unit<br />
ACVC Ada Compiler Validation Capacity<br />
ACWT Analog Call Waiting<br />
A/D Analog/Digital<br />
AD Active Directory<br />
AD Administrative Domain<br />
AD Assignment Date<br />
ADA Adobe Developers Association<br />
ADA Applied Decision Analysis<br />
ADA Automatic Data Acquisition<br />
ADABAS Adaptable Database System<br />
ADAIC Ada Information Clearinghouse<br />
ADAM Automatischer Datenmessplatz<br />
ADAM Art, Design, Architecture + Media Information Gateway<br />
ADAT Alesis Digital Audio Tape<br />
ADB Apple Desktop Bus<br />
ADB Authentication Database<br />
ADC Adaptive Data Compression<br />
ADC Add with Carry<br />
ADC Analogue to Digital Converter<br />
ADC Apple Developer Connection<br />
ADC Apple Display Connector<br />
ADC Application Development Classes<br />
ADCCP Advanced Data Communication Control Procedure/Protocol<br />
ADD Adapter Device Driver<br />
ADD Architecture Design Document<br />
ADD Automatic Document Detection<br />
ADDMD Administration Directory Management Domain<br />
ADDX Assoziation Deutschsprachiger DXer<br />
ADE Advanced Document Engineering<br />
ADE Application Development Environment<br />
ADEOS Advanced Earth Observation Satellite, Japan<br />
ADEPA Agence Nationale pour le Developpement de la Production Aut<br />
ADF Adaptor Description File<br />
ADF Address Distribution Facility<br />
ADF Arbeitskreis Digitale Fotografie<br />
ADF Automatic Direction Finder/Finding<br />
ADF Automatic Document Feed/Feeder
138ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
ADF Automatically Defined Function<br />
ADFS Acorn/Advanced Disc File/Filing System<br />
ADI Agence de l’Informatique<br />
ADI Autodesk Device Interface<br />
ADIOS Automated Download and Installation of Operating Systems<br />
ADISS Analytical Data Interchange + Storage Standards<br />
ADL Above Detection Limit<br />
ADL Address Data Latch<br />
ADL Adventure Definition Language<br />
ADLAT Adaptive Lattice Filter<br />
ADLC Adaptive Lossless Data Compression<br />
ADLC Asynchronous Data Link Control<br />
ADM Add/Drop-Multiplexer<br />
ADM Aggregate Data Manager<br />
ADM Application Development Modul<br />
ADM Arrow Diagram Method<br />
ADM Asynchronous Disconnected Mode<br />
ADM Automatic Drive Maintenance<br />
ADMACS Apple Document Management And Control System<br />
ADMD Administrative/Administration Management Domain (X.400)<br />
ADO ActiveX Data Object<br />
ADP Administrative/Automatic Data Processing<br />
ADP AOLserver Dynamic Pages<br />
ADP Automatic Data Processing<br />
ADPCM Adaptive Delta/Differential Pulse Code Modulation/Modulator<br />
ADR Address<br />
ADR Advanced Digital Recording<br />
ADRC Adaptive Dynamic Range Coding<br />
ADRD Automatic Data Rate Detection<br />
ADRES Automatic Dynamic Range Expansion System<br />
ADS Active Directory Service<br />
ADS Aktiver Diagnose-Stecker<br />
ADS Alternate Data Stream<br />
ADS Application Development Solutions/System<br />
ADS AutoCAD Development System<br />
ADS Automated Data Service<br />
ADS Automatic Distribution System<br />
ADSC Address Status Changed<br />
ADSC Adobe Document Structuring Conventions<br />
ADSI Active/Advanced Directory Service Interface
139<br />
ADSI Analog Display Services Interface<br />
ADSL Asymmetric(al) Digital Subscriber Line/Loop<br />
ADSM Adstar Distributed Storage Manager (IBM)<br />
ADSP AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol<br />
ADSR Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release<br />
ADT Abrechnungsdatenträger<br />
ADT Abstrakter Datentyp<br />
ADT Advanced DRAM Technology<br />
ADT Application Data Type<br />
ADTV Advanced Definition Television<br />
ADU Automatic Dialing Unit<br />
ADVISE Analysis, Dissemination, Visualization, Insight, and Semantic<br />
ADX Automatic Data Exchange<br />
ADXVERZ Amtliches Verzeichnis der DATEX-Teilnehmer<br />
AE Above or Equal<br />
AE Application Entity<br />
AEB Analogue Expansion Bus<br />
AEC Architectural and Engineering Construction<br />
AEC Ars Electronica Center<br />
AEC Availability Environment Classification<br />
AECG Advanced Embedded Codes Gateway<br />
AED Abfrageeinrichtung für Datenverkehr<br />
AEEC Airlines Engineering Electronics Committee<br />
AEG Allgemeine Electricitäts-Gesellschaft<br />
AEH Advanced Encapsulated Hypertext<br />
AEI Additional Equipment Interface<br />
AEIOUS Advanced Enhanced Interface for Open Universal Systems<br />
AEM Acoustic Emission Monitoring<br />
AEM Asynchronous Event Mechanism<br />
AEM Automatic Emulation Management<br />
AEMS Automated Energy Management System<br />
AEN Acknowledgment Error Notification<br />
AEP AppleTalk Echo Protocol<br />
AEP Application Environment Profile (Posix)<br />
AES Advanced Encryption Standard<br />
AES Application Environment Specification/Services<br />
AET Abstract Window Toolkit<br />
AET Advanced Educational Technology<br />
AET Application Entity Title<br />
AF Alternative/Audio Frequency
140ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
AF Anzunehmender Fehler<br />
AF Auxiliary Carry Flag<br />
AFA Accelerated File Access<br />
AFA Association des Fournisseurs d’Acces et de Services Internet<br />
AFAIAA As Far As I Am Aware (Slang)<br />
AFAIC As Far As I am Concerned (Slang)<br />
AFAIK As Far As I Know (Slang)<br />
AFAIKT As Far As I Know Today (Slang)<br />
AFAIR As Far As I Remember (Slang)<br />
AFB Adobe Font Binary<br />
AFC Antiferro-magnetically Coupled (media)<br />
AFC Automatic Font Change<br />
AFC Automatic Frequency Control<br />
AFCCU Advanced Function Common Control Unit<br />
AFD Automatic File Distribution<br />
AFDM Advanced Fluid Dynamics Model<br />
AFDW Active Framework for Data Warehousing<br />
AFE Analog Front End<br />
AFF Adaptive Feed Forward<br />
AFFS Amiga Fast File System<br />
AFH Adaptive Frequency Hopping<br />
AFI Authority and Format Identifier<br />
AFII Association for Font Information Interchange<br />
AFIN Association Française des Informaticiens<br />
AFIPS American Federation of Information Processing Societies<br />
AFIRM Automated Fingerprint Image Reporting and Match<br />
AFIS Automated Fingerprint Identification System<br />
AFJ April Fool’s Joke (Slang)<br />
AFK Away From Keyboard (Slang)<br />
AFM Adobe Font Manager/Metrics<br />
AFM Audio Frequency Modulation<br />
AFN American Forces Network<br />
AFNIC Association Francaise pour le Nommage Internet en Cooperation<br />
AFNOR Association Française de Normalisation<br />
AFOD Angebot für Online-Dienste<br />
AFP Advanced Flexible Processor<br />
AFP Advanced Function Presentation/Printing<br />
AFP AppleTalk Filing Protocol<br />
AFR Alternate Frame Rendering<br />
AFR Annualized Failure Rate
141<br />
AFR Arndt-Ford-Roper Two-pole Fit<br />
AFS Advanced Freephone Service<br />
AFS Alex/Andrew/Advanced File System<br />
AFSK Audio Frequency Shift Keyer/Keying (Modulation)<br />
AFT Adapter Fault Tolerance<br />
AFTEL Association Francaise de la Telematique Multimedia<br />
AFTN Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network<br />
AFTP Anonymous FTP (Internet)<br />
AFU alt.folklore.urban<br />
AFUG Amateurfunkgesetz<br />
AFUL Association francophone des utilisateurs de Linux et des logici<br />
AFUU Association Française des Utilisateurs d’UNIX<br />
AFUUSO Association Française des Utilisateurs d’UNIX et des Systeme<br />
AFUV Amateurfunkverordnung<br />
AG Alternating Gradient<br />
AGA Advanced Graphics Adapter/Architecture<br />
AGAF Arbeitsgemeinschaft Amateurfunkfernsehen<br />
AGC Automatic Gain Control<br />
AGCH Access Grant Channel<br />
AGCS Advanced Graphic Chip Set<br />
AGCW Arbeitsgemeinschaft CW<br />
AGDX Arbeitsgemeinschaft DX e. V., Erlangen<br />
AGE Automatische Gebührenerfassung<br />
AGFMB Arbeitsgemeinschaft Freier Mailboxen<br />
AGFPL Aladdin Ghostscript Free Public License<br />
AGL Adobe Glyph List<br />
AGNES Automatisches GPS-Netz Schweiz<br />
AGP Accelerated Graphics Port<br />
AGP Advanced Graphics Package (HP)<br />
AGPL Affero General Public License (GNU)<br />
AGRAS Antiglare Antireflective Antistatic<br />
AGU Address Generation Unit<br />
AGUI Advanced Graphical User Interface<br />
AGV Automatic Guided Vehicle<br />
AH Authentication Header<br />
AHB Advanced High Performance Bus<br />
AHC Advanced High Speed CMOS<br />
AHCI Advanced Host Controller Interface<br />
AHDL Altera Hardware Description Language<br />
AHRA Audio Home Recording Act
142ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
AHREF Anchor Hypertext Reference<br />
AI Adobe Illustrator<br />
AI Analogue Input<br />
AI Artificial Intelligence<br />
AI Active Interface<br />
AIA Application Integrated Architecture (DEC)<br />
AIC AIX Windows Interface Composer<br />
AID Alarm Identification on Demand<br />
AIDA Attention, Interest, Desire, Action<br />
AIDS Activity Information Data System<br />
AIDS Anomaly-based Intrusion Detection System<br />
AIDS Automatic Installation and Diagnostic Service<br />
AIFF Adobe/Audio Interchange File Format<br />
AII Active Input Interface<br />
AII Attachement Individual Identifier<br />
AIIM Association for Information and Image Management<br />
AIK Angewandte Informatik Karlsruhe e. V.<br />
AIM Advanced Informatics<br />
AIM AOL Instant Messenger<br />
AIM Automatic Interface Management in Medicine<br />
AIM Apple, Intel, Motorola<br />
AIMB As I Mentioned Before (Slang)<br />
AIML Artificial Intelligence Markup Language<br />
AIMM AGP In-line Memory Module<br />
AIMS Advanced Information Management System<br />
AIMS Apple Internet Mail Server<br />
AIN Advanced Intelligent Network<br />
AIN Auto Insert Notification<br />
AIO All In One<br />
AIO Annual Inspection + Overhaul<br />
AIOD Automatic Identification of Outward Dialing<br />
AIP Adaptive Internet Protocol<br />
AIP Application Infrastructure Provider<br />
AIP Archive Information Package<br />
AIPS Astronomical Image Processing System<br />
AIR Architecture Implementation Review<br />
AIR Automated Image and Restore<br />
AIS Account Information Security (Program)<br />
AIS Administrative/Affiliate Information System<br />
AIS Alarm Indication Signal/System
AIS Application Integration Services<br />
AIS Artificial Immune System<br />
AIS Audit Information System (SAP)<br />
AIS Automated Identification/Information System<br />
AIS Autonomous Intelligent System<br />
AISB Association of Imaging Service Bureaus<br />
AISI As I See It (Slang)<br />
AISP Association of Information Systems Professionals<br />
AIT Advanced Information Technology<br />
AIT Advanced Intelligent Tape<br />
AIUI As I Understand It (Slang)<br />
AIW APPN Implementor’s Workshop<br />
AIX Advanced Interactive Executive (IBM)<br />
AJAX Asynchronous Javascript And XML<br />
AJC Anti-Jitter Circuit<br />
AKA Also Known As (Slang)<br />
AKF Autokorrelationsfunktion<br />
AKI Arbeitskreis Informatik<br />
AKL Agent Kernel Language<br />
AKS Arbeitskreis Schule (in der GUUG)<br />
AKSIS Arbeitskreis Schutz von Infrastrukturen<br />
AL Application Layer<br />
AL Arbitrated Loop<br />
AL Assembly Language<br />
AL Aussagenlogik<br />
ALA American Library Association<br />
ALAT Advanced Load Address Table<br />
ALB Adaptive Load Balancing<br />
ALC Arithmetic and Logic Circuit<br />
ALC Automatic Level Control<br />
ALDC Advanced Lossless Data Compression<br />
ALE Address Latch Enable<br />
ALE Address Lifetime Expectancy<br />
ALE Application Link Enabling<br />
ALE Application Linking and Embedding<br />
ALEC Alternative Local Exchange Carrier<br />
ALEX A Lexical Programming Language<br />
ALEX Advertising Link Exchange<br />
ALEX Altlasten-Expertensystem<br />
ALEX Automatic Login Executor<br />
143
144ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
ALEX Automated/Automatic Labour Exchange<br />
ALF Accurate positioning by Low Frequency<br />
ALG Application Level Gateway<br />
ALGOL Algorithmic Language<br />
ALI American Law Institute<br />
ALI Automatic Link Intelligence<br />
ALIBI Adaptive Location of Internetworked Bases of Inforamtion<br />
ALICE Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity<br />
ALINK Active Link<br />
ALIS Automatic Link Setup<br />
ALIWEB Archie Like Indexing in the Web<br />
ALM Application Loadable Modul<br />
ALN Asynchronous Learning Network<br />
ALOE Apple Library for Object Embedding<br />
ALOS Auto LISP Object System<br />
ALP Assembly Language Preprocessor<br />
ALP Automatic Language Processing<br />
ALPM Aggressive Link Power Management<br />
ALRU Automatic Line Record Update<br />
ALS Advanced Low Power Schottky<br />
ALSA Advanced Linux Sound Architecture<br />
ALT Alternate<br />
ALT Anti Leech Tracker<br />
ALU Arithmetic Logic/Logical Unit<br />
ALWR Arbeitskreis der Leiter Wissenschaftlicher Rechenzentren<br />
AM Amplitudenmodulation<br />
AM Anschlussmodul<br />
AM Anwendungsmodul<br />
AM Application Maintainer (Debian)<br />
AMA Active Member Addressing (Bluetooth)<br />
AMA Automatic Message Accounting<br />
AMANDDA Automated Messaging and Directory Assistance<br />
AMASS Archival Management And Storage System<br />
AMB Advanced Memory Buffer<br />
AMBA Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture<br />
AMBW All My Best Wishes (Slang)<br />
AMC Arbitration and Mediation Center<br />
AMD Active Matrix Display<br />
AMD Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., USA<br />
AMDD Agile Modelling Driven Development
145<br />
AMDS Amplitude Modulation Data System<br />
AME Advanced Metal Evaporated<br />
AMF All Media Floppy<br />
AMH Automated Materials Handling<br />
AMI Alternate/Alternative Mark Inversion<br />
AMI American Microsystems Inc.<br />
AMI Application Messaging Interface<br />
AML ACPI Machine Language<br />
AML Acronym Master List<br />
AMLCD Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Display<br />
AMMA Advanced Memory Management Architecture<br />
AMO Administration and Maintenance Order<br />
AMP Advanced Metal Powder<br />
AMP Asymmetric/Asynchronous Multi Processing<br />
AMP Audio MPEG Player<br />
AMPL A Mathematical Programming Language<br />
AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service/System<br />
AMR Adaptive Mesh Refinement<br />
AMR Adaptive Multi Rate (Audio Codec)<br />
AMR Anisotropic Magnetoresistance<br />
AMR Audio Modem Riser<br />
AMRA Ants-based Mobile Routing Architecture<br />
AMRIS Adhoc Multicast Routing Protocol Utilizing Increasing ID-Num<br />
AMRR Adaptive Multi Rate Retry<br />
AMS American Mathematical Society<br />
AMS Andrew Message System<br />
AMT Apple Media Toolkit<br />
AMTEC Ausstellung für Amateurfunktechnik, Elektronik, Computer<br />
AMTOR Amateur Microcomputer Teleprinting Over Radio<br />
AMVER Atlantic/Automatic Merchant Vessel (Emergency) Reporting S<br />
AMVER Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel Rescue System<br />
AN Access Network<br />
AN Accession/Associated Number<br />
ANAC Automatic Number Announcement Circuit<br />
ANARC Association of North American Radio Clubs<br />
ANDF Architecture Neutral Distribution Format<br />
ANF Additional Network Feature<br />
ANFSCD And Now For Something Completely Different (Slang)<br />
ANI Automatic Number Identification (Telefon)<br />
ANIS Analoger Anschluss an einer ISDN-Vermittlungsstelle
146ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
ANL Argonne National Laboratory, USA<br />
ANL Automatic Noise Limiter<br />
ANN Artificial Neural Network<br />
ANR Advanced/Automatic Network Routing<br />
ANRS Automatic Noise Reduction System<br />
ANS Access Network System<br />
ANS Advanced Networking Services (Intel)<br />
ANS American National Standard<br />
ANSA Advances Network Systems Architecture<br />
ANSI American National Standards Institute<br />
ANTC Advanced Networking Test Center<br />
ANTIOPE Aquisition Numerique et Televisualisition d’Images Organisees en<br />
ANW International Academic Networking Workshop<br />
AO Analogue Output<br />
AOC Abnormal Operating Condition<br />
AOC ADSL Overhead Control<br />
AOC Advice Of Charge<br />
AOCE Apple Open Collaboration Environment<br />
AOD Advanced Optical Disc<br />
AOD Audio On Demand<br />
AODBS Aspect Oriented Database System<br />
AODI Always On Dynamic ISDN<br />
AODV Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector<br />
AOE Application Operating Environment (AT&T)<br />
AOE ATA over Ethernet<br />
AOI Active Output Interface<br />
AOL America Online, Inc.<br />
AOM Annual Operating + Maintenance (cost)<br />
AOP Aspect Oriented Programming<br />
AOR Atlantic Ocean Region<br />
AOS Add Or Subtract<br />
AOS Advanced Operating System<br />
AOSD Aspect Oriented Software Development<br />
AOSE Agent Oriented Software Engineering<br />
AOSS AirStation One-touch Secure System<br />
AOT Absolutely Off Topic (News)<br />
AOT Ahead Of Time (compilation)<br />
AOT Application Object Template/Tree<br />
AOW Asia and Oceania Workshop (OSI)<br />
AP Access Point
AP Adjunct/Application Processor<br />
AP Application/Adjunct Process/Processor/Program<br />
AP Automatic Pagination<br />
APA All Points Addressable<br />
APA Adaptive Packet Assembly<br />
APA All Points Addressable<br />
APA Arithmetic Processing Accelerator<br />
APA Amateur Press Association<br />
APAA Aggressive Packet Adaptive Assembly<br />
APAR Authorized Program Analysis Report (IBM)<br />
APAREN Address Parity Enable<br />
APART Automated Packet Recognition/Translation<br />
APB Advanced Peripheral Bus<br />
APC Application Protocol<br />
APC Association for Progressive Communications<br />
APC Arbeitsplatzcomputer<br />
APC Airborne Public Correspondence<br />
APC Automated Production Protocol<br />
APCUG Association of PC Users Groups<br />
APD Areal Power Density<br />
APDA Apple Programmers and Developers Association<br />
APDU Application Protocol Data Unit<br />
APE Abgesetzte Periphere Einheit<br />
APE Adaptable Persistence Engine<br />
APEX Advanced Packet Exchange<br />
APEX Application Exchange<br />
APF Active Port Forwarding<br />
APG Automated Password Generator<br />
API Application Program/Programming Interface<br />
APIA Application Program Interface Association<br />
APIC Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller<br />
APIM ATM Interface Port Module<br />
APIPA Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing<br />
APL A Programming Language<br />
APL Application Program Library<br />
APM Advanced Power Management<br />
APN Access Point Name<br />
APN Actual Private Network<br />
APNIC Asia Pacific Network Information Centre<br />
APO Advanced Planner and Optimizer (SAP)<br />
147
148ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
APOL Alternate Person On Line (Slang)<br />
APOP Authenticated Post Office Protocol<br />
APP Application Portability Profile<br />
APP Automatic Page Positioning<br />
APPC Advanced Program to Program Communication/Converter (IBM)<br />
APPI Advanced Peer-to-Peer Internetworking<br />
APPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Network/Networking (IBM)<br />
APR Access Point Roaming<br />
APR Acoustic Pulse Recognition<br />
APR Apache Portable Runtime (layer, library)<br />
APRIL Active/Passive Radio Interference Lock<br />
APRIL Adaptive Photonic Reflection by Inverted Light<br />
APRIL Advanced Power Recycling by Integrated Logic<br />
APRIL Adverse Psychiatric Reactions Information Link<br />
APRIL Association for Promotion and Research in Linux<br />
APRIL Association pour la Promotion et la Recherche en Informatique libr<br />
APRP Adaptive Pattern Recognition Processing<br />
APRS Automatic Position Report/Reporting System<br />
APS Active Pixel Sensor<br />
APS Advanced Planning and Scheduling<br />
APS Advanced Printing/Production/Photo System<br />
APS Array Processing System<br />
APS Asynchronous Protocol Specification<br />
APS Automatic Position Select<br />
APS Asynchronous Protocol Specification<br />
APS Auto Pilot System<br />
APS Assembly Programming System<br />
APSE Ada Programming/Project Support Environment<br />
APSL Apple Public Source License<br />
APSN Atlantic Packet Satellite Network<br />
APT Address Pass Through<br />
APT Adobe Postscript Point<br />
APT Advanced Package Tool<br />
APT Advanced Parallel Technology<br />
APT Almost Plain Text<br />
APT Application Program Title<br />
APT Automatically Programmed Tools<br />
APU Attached Processing Unit<br />
AQL A Query Language<br />
AQL Acceptable Quality Level
149<br />
AR Access Router<br />
AR Artificial/Augmented Reality<br />
AR Aspect Ratio<br />
AR Augmented Reality<br />
ARA Apple/AppleTalk Remote Access<br />
ARAG Antireflective Antiglare<br />
ARAP Apple Remote Access Protocol<br />
ARAS Antireflective Antistatic<br />
ARB Adaptive Rate Based<br />
ARB Architectural/Architecture Review Board<br />
ARC Acceptable Risk Calculator<br />
ARC Acoustic Resonance Control<br />
ARC Advanced RISC Computing<br />
ARCA Advanced RISC Computing Architecture<br />
ARCNET Attached Resource Computer/Computing Network<br />
ARD Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Rundfunkanstalten Deutschlands<br />
ARD Apple Remote Desktop<br />
ARDF Amateur Radio Direction Finding<br />
ARES Annuaire Recherche Enseignement Superieur<br />
ARF Abuse Reporting Format<br />
ARI Autofahrer Rundfunk Information<br />
ARIN American Registry for Internet Numbers<br />
ARIS Architecture of Integrated Information Systems<br />
ARJ Admission Reject<br />
ARL Adjusted Ring Length<br />
ARL Association of Research Liberaries, USA<br />
ARL Authority Revocation List<br />
ARLL Advanced Run Length Limited<br />
ARM Account Resource Management<br />
ARM Acorn/Advanced RISC Machine<br />
ARM Advanced RISC Machine<br />
ARM Annotated Reference Manual<br />
ARM Application Response Measurment<br />
ARM Arpanet Reference Model<br />
ARM Asynchronous Response Mode<br />
ARMA Association of Records Managers and Administrators, USA<br />
ARMM Automated Retroactive Minimal Moderation<br />
ARMS Architecture for Reliable Managed Storage<br />
ARNE Automated Remote Network Evaluation<br />
ARNS AppleTalk Remote Network Server
150ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
AROM Associative Read Only Memory<br />
ARP Address Resolution Protocol (Internet)<br />
ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency, USA<br />
ARPA Automatic Radar Plotting Aid<br />
ARPL Adjust Requested Privilege Level<br />
ARPU Average Revenue Per Unit/User<br />
ARQ Admission Request<br />
ARQ Automatic Repeat Request<br />
ARR Annual Return Rate<br />
ARR Automatic Repeat/Retransmission Request<br />
ARRL American Radio Relay League<br />
ARS Activity Reporting System<br />
ARS Adaptive Rate System<br />
ARS Address Retrieval System<br />
ARS Atomic Resolution Storage<br />
ARS Automatic Route Selection<br />
ARSB Automated Repair Service Bureau<br />
ART Adaptive Reasoning Technology<br />
ART Another Ray Tracer<br />
ART Autorite de Regulation des Telecommunications<br />
ARTA Apple Real Time Architecture<br />
ARTIC A Real-Time Interface Coprocessor (IBM)<br />
ARTOB Amateur Radio Translator on Balloon<br />
ARTS Asynchronous Remote Takeover Server<br />
ARTT Asynchronous Remote Takeover Terminal<br />
ARU Audio Response Unit<br />
AS Abstract Syntax<br />
AS Anschlusssatz<br />
AS Application System (IBM)<br />
AS Authentication Server/Service<br />
AS Autonomous System<br />
AS3AP ANSI SQL Standard Scalable and Portable<br />
ASA American Standards Association<br />
ASA Advanced SCSI Architecture<br />
ASA Adaptive Security Algorithm<br />
ASAI Adjunct Switch Application Interface<br />
ASAM Arbeitskreis zur Standardisierung von Automatisierungs- und Me<br />
ASAP As Soon As Possible (Slang)<br />
ASAP Automatic Switching And Processing<br />
ASB Advanced System Buffering/Bus
151<br />
ASB Alarm-Signal-Bearbeitung<br />
ASC Accredited Standards Committee (ANSI)<br />
ASC Auditor Security Collection<br />
ASC Authorized Service/Support Center<br />
ASCC Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (IBM)<br />
ASCI Accelerated/Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative<br />
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange<br />
ASCIIZ ASCII String, Zero Terminated<br />
ASCOM Asynchronous Communication Control Program<br />
ASD Adaptive Software Development<br />
ASD Application Structure Database<br />
ASD Automatic Skip Driver<br />
ASDF Another System Definition Facility<br />
ASDF Association of Synchronous Data Formats<br />
ASDF Average Squared Difference Function<br />
ASE Advanced Server Environment<br />
ASE Amplified Spontaneous Emission<br />
ASEA Allmänna Svenska Electricitets-Aktiebolag, Schweden<br />
ASF Active Movie Streaming Format<br />
ASF Active/Advanced Streaming Format<br />
ASF Apache Software Foundation<br />
ASF Aspect Source Flag<br />
ASI Adapter Support Interface (IBM)<br />
ASI Alarm-Signal-Initialisierung<br />
ASI Application Specific Instruction<br />
ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit<br />
ASIN Amazon Standard Identification Number<br />
ASIO Audio Stream Input Output<br />
ASIP Application Specific Instruction Set Processor<br />
ASIS Ada Semantic Interface Specification<br />
ASIS American Society for Industrial Security<br />
ASIS American Society for Information Science<br />
ASIT Advanced Security and Identification Technology<br />
ASK Akademische Software Kooperation, Karlsruhe<br />
ASK Amplitude Shift Keying<br />
ASL ACPI (Control Method) Source Language<br />
ASL Adaptive Speed Levelling<br />
ASL Architectural Space Laboratory, Zürich<br />
ASLM Apple Shared Library Manager<br />
ASLR Address Space Layout Randomization
152ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
ASM Abstract State Machine<br />
ASM Any Source Multicast<br />
ASM Application Specific Memory<br />
ASM Automated Storage Management<br />
ASMP Asymmetric Multi Processing<br />
ASN Abstract Syntax Notation<br />
ASN Access Stack Node<br />
ASN Autonomous System Number<br />
ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ISO, CCITT)<br />
ASO Active Sideband Optimum<br />
ASO Address Supporting Organization<br />
ASO Automated Systems Operation<br />
ASP Active Server Page/Pages<br />
ASP Advanced Signal Processor<br />
ASP Advanced Simple Profile<br />
ASP Allegiance Site License Program<br />
ASP AppleTalk Session Protocol<br />
ASP Application Service Provider<br />
ASP Association of Shareware Professionals<br />
ASP Attached Support Processor<br />
ASP Authorized Service Provider/Providing<br />
ASPEC Adaptive Spectral Perceptual Entropy Encoding<br />
ASPI Advanced SCSI Programming Interface<br />
ASPM Active State Power Management<br />
ASPS Advanced Signal Processing System<br />
ASQ Automated Software Quality<br />
ASR Ada Software Repository<br />
ASR Address Space Register<br />
ASR Automatic Send Receive<br />
ASR Automatic Speech Recognition<br />
ASR Automatic System Recovery<br />
ASRO Asociata de Standardizare din Romania<br />
ASS Aural Style Sheet<br />
AST Anwendungsschnittstelle<br />
ASTA Anti Spam Technical Alliance<br />
ASTAB Asychronous Status Board<br />
ASTRA Association Tunesienne des Radio Amateurs<br />
ASU Asynchron/Synchron-Umsetzer<br />
ASUG America’s SAP Users’ Group<br />
ASV Advanced Super View
153<br />
AT Atomic Time<br />
AT Advanced/Assistive Technology<br />
AT Attention (Hayes)<br />
AT Attenuator<br />
ATA Analog Telefon/Terminal Adapter<br />
ATA AT (Bus) Attachment (Interface)<br />
ATA Advanced Technology Attachment<br />
ATAPI AT Attachment Packet Interface<br />
ATB All Trunks Busy<br />
ATC Adaptive Transform Coding<br />
ATC Address Translation Cache<br />
ATC Advanced Transfer Cache<br />
ATC ATM Transfer Capability<br />
ATCA Advanced Telecom Computing Architecture<br />
ATCP AppleTalk Control Protocol<br />
ATDM Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing<br />
ATDMA Advanced/Asynchronous Time Division Multiple Access<br />
ATDP Attention Dial Pulse (Hayes)<br />
ATDT Attention Dial Tone (Hayes)<br />
ATE Automated/Automatic Test/Testing Equipment<br />
ATF Automatic Track Finding/Following<br />
ATF Asynchronous Transfer<br />
ATFSM Ask The Friendly System Manager (Slang)<br />
ATH Abbreviated Trouble History<br />
ATH Attention Hangup (Hayes)<br />
ATIM Ad-hoc Traffic Indication Map/Message<br />
ATIP Absolute Time In Pregroove<br />
ATIS A Tools Integration Standard<br />
ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service<br />
ATIS Automatic Transmitter Identification System<br />
ATK Andrew Toolkit<br />
ATKIS Amtliches Topographisch-Kartographisches Informationssyste<br />
ATL Active Template Library<br />
ATL Automatic Tape Library<br />
ATLAS Abreviated Test Language for All Systems<br />
ATM Adobe Type/Typeface Manager<br />
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode<br />
ATM At The Moment (Slang)<br />
ATM Automated/Automatic Teller Machine<br />
ATMARP ATM Address Resolution Protocol
154ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
ATM-CC ATM Crossconnect<br />
ATMP Ascend Tunnel Management Protocol<br />
ATN Aeronautical Telecommunications Network<br />
ATO Assemble/Assembly To Order<br />
ATOM Advanced Terminal for Operation and Maintenance<br />
ATP Acceptance Test Procedure<br />
ATP AppleTalk Transaction Protocol<br />
ATP Adaptive Tolerant Protocol<br />
ATPS AppleTalk Printing Services<br />
ATR Answer To Reset<br />
ATR Attribute<br />
ATR Automatic Terminal Recognition<br />
ATRAC Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding<br />
ATRC Adaptive Technology Resource Center, U. of Toronto<br />
ATS Administrative Terminal System<br />
ATS Advanced Training Solution<br />
ATS Apple Terminal Services<br />
ATS Author Title Subject<br />
ATS Automatic Transfer Switch<br />
ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee<br />
ATST At The Same Time (Slang)<br />
AT&T American Telephone and Telegraph<br />
ATT Attenuator<br />
ATT At This Time (Slang)<br />
ATTC Advanced Television Test Center, USA<br />
ATV Advanced/Amateur Television<br />
ATX Advanced Technology Extended<br />
AU Administrative/Arithmetic/Access Unit<br />
AUA Architecture Unifiee d’Applications<br />
AUC Authentication/Authority Centre<br />
AUDIT Automated/Automatic Data Input Terminal<br />
AUE Andrew User Environment<br />
AUFS Another Union Files System<br />
AUG Apollo/Arcnet User Group<br />
AUGE Apple User Group Europe<br />
AUI Archiver User Interface<br />
AUI Attached/Attachment Unit/Universal Interface (Ethernet)<br />
AUIS Andrew User Interface System<br />
AUP Acceptable/Appropriate Use Policy (Internet)<br />
AUTEX Automatische Telex- und Teletexauskunft der DBP
155<br />
AUX Auxiliary<br />
AUX Apple UNIX<br />
AV Antivirus<br />
AV audio-visuell, Audio-Video<br />
AV Authenticity Verification<br />
AVA Audio Visual Authoring (IBM)<br />
AVA Anruf-Variante<br />
AVA Attribute Value Assertion<br />
AVC Access Vector Cache<br />
AVC Advanced Video Coding<br />
AVC Audio Visual Connection<br />
AVC Automatic Volume Control<br />
AVC Audio Visual Connection (IBM)<br />
AVCD Audio Visual Computer Display<br />
AVCHD Advanced Video Codec High Definition<br />
AVD Alternate Voice or Data<br />
AVERT Antivirus Emergency Response Team (NAI)<br />
AVERZTXTTXAmtliches Telex- und Teletexverzeichnis der DBP<br />
AVG Average<br />
AVI Audio Video/Visual Interleave/Interleaved (Microsoft)<br />
AVI Audiovisuelle Integration<br />
AVI Advanced Visual Interface<br />
AVIA Architecture for Virtual Interfaces for Applications<br />
AVK Application Verification Kit<br />
AVK Audio-Video Kernel<br />
AVL Adelson-Velskij, Landis (-Baum)<br />
AVN Adobe Virtual Network<br />
AVON Amtliches Verzeichnis der Ortsnetze<br />
AVP Attribute Value Pair<br />
AVR Automatic Voice Recognition<br />
AVRCP Audio Video Remote Control Profile<br />
AVS Advanced Visual System<br />
AVS Altersverifikationssystem<br />
AVS Application Visualization System (IBM)<br />
AVSM Audio-Visual Storage Manager<br />
AVSP Advanced Video Signal Processor<br />
AVSS Audio-Video Subsystem Software<br />
AVVID Architecture for Voice, Video and Integrated Data (Cisco)<br />
AWA A While Ago (Slang)<br />
AWADO Automatischer Wechselschalter in der Anschlussdose
156ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
AWB A While Back (Slang)<br />
AWC Association of Women in Computing<br />
AWCG Add With Carry (random number) Generator<br />
AWD Automatische Wähleinrichtung für Datenverbindungen<br />
AWE Address Windowing Extensions<br />
AWE Advanced Workstation Environment<br />
AWF Ausbildung, Weiterbildung, Fortbildung<br />
AWG American Wire Gauge<br />
AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise<br />
AWGTHTGTTA Are We Going To Have To Go Through This Again? (Slang)<br />
AWHFY Are We Having Fun Yet? (Slang)<br />
AWL Anweisungsliste (DIN 19 239)<br />
AWL Auswahl-Logik<br />
AWL Auto Whitelist<br />
AWS Administrative Workstation<br />
AWS Advanced Workstations and Systems (group) (IBM)<br />
AWS Amazon Web Services<br />
AWS Apple Workgroup Server<br />
AWS Anrufweiterschaltung<br />
AWS Anwendungssoftware<br />
AWT Abstract/Advanced Window/Windowing Toolkit<br />
AWU Auto Wake Up<br />
AX Automatic Transmission<br />
AXE Applications Execution Environment<br />
AXTLK Alien Crosstalk<br />
AXU Application Specific Execution Unit<br />
AYOR At Your Own Risc (Slang)<br />
AYST Are You Still There? (Slang)<br />
AZ Azimut<br />
AZB Anzeige-Befehl<br />
B Basic, Binary, Bit, Block, British, Bus, Business, Byte<br />
B Backward<br />
B Bandwidth<br />
B2B Business To Business<br />
B2C Business To Consumer<br />
B2E Business To Employee<br />
B2P Business To Private<br />
B4 Before (Slang)
B4N Bye For Now (Slang)<br />
BA Busankoppler<br />
BAC Balanced Asynchronous Class<br />
BAC Basic Access Control<br />
BACP Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol<br />
BAD Broken As Designed<br />
BAG Buchhändlerische Abrechnungsgesellschaft<br />
BAI Basic Rate Interface<br />
BAK Back At Keyboard (Slang)<br />
BAK Backup<br />
BAK Binary Adaption Kit (Microsoft)<br />
BAKT Basisanschlusskonzentrator<br />
BAL Basic Assembly Language<br />
BALUN Balanced Unbalanced (transformator)<br />
BAM Berkeley Abstract Machine<br />
BAM Block Availability Map<br />
BAM Boyan Action Module<br />
BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung, Berlin<br />
BAN Body Area Network<br />
BAP Bandwidth Allocation Protocol<br />
BAPI Biometric Application Program Interface<br />
BAPI Business Application Programming Interface<br />
BAPT Bundesamt Post und Telekommunikation, Mainz<br />
BARRNET Bay Area Regional Research Network<br />
BARTS Bell Atlantic Regional Timesharing<br />
BAS Bild-Austast-Synchron(-Signal)<br />
BAS Bitrate Allocation Signal<br />
BAS Btx Anwendungsschnittstelle<br />
BASH Bourne Again Shell<br />
BASIC Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code<br />
BASIS Battelle Automated Search Information System<br />
BASM Built-In Assembler<br />
BAT Baby AT Board<br />
BAT Block Address Translation<br />
BATC Block Address Translation Cache<br />
BATV Bounce Address Tag Validation<br />
BAZ Belegauswertung von Zahlungsvorgängen<br />
BB Bandwidth Broker<br />
BB Base Band<br />
BB beschränkt balanciert (Baum)<br />
157
158ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
BBAE Breitband-Anschluss-Einheit (DSL-Splitter)<br />
BBAN Basic Bank Account Number<br />
BBC British Broadcasting Corporation<br />
BBCI Berlin Brain/Bregen Computer Interface<br />
BBK Basic/Business Bookkeeping<br />
BBK Be Back Ok? (Slang)<br />
BBK Berkom Berliner Kommunikationssystem<br />
BBK Berliner Bibliothekswissenschaftliches Kolloquium<br />
BBK Birkbeck University of London<br />
BBK Breitbandkabel (auch BK)<br />
BBK Broadcast Block<br />
BBK Buchführung, Bilanzierung, Kostenrechnung<br />
BBL Be Back Later (Slang)<br />
BBN Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, Mass. (Internet)<br />
BBNS Broadband Network Services<br />
BBR Backbone Ring<br />
BBR Burnt Beyond Recognition (Slang)<br />
BBRA Bad Block Relocation Area<br />
BBS Band-Betriebssystem<br />
BBS BIOS Boot Select/Specification<br />
BBS Bulletin Board System<br />
BC Begin Chain<br />
BC Business Class<br />
BCA Burst Cutting Area<br />
BCAM Basic Communication Access Method<br />
BCC Blind Carbon Copy<br />
BCC Block Check/Checking Character<br />
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel<br />
BCD Barcode Decal<br />
BCD Binary Coded Decimal<br />
BCE Bell Canada Enterprises<br />
BCF Bandwidth Change Confirmation<br />
BCFSK Binary Coded Frequency Shift Keying<br />
BCH Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (-Code)<br />
BCI Batibus Club International<br />
BCI Broadcast Interference<br />
BCL Base Class Libraries<br />
BCL Batch Command Language<br />
BCL Broadcast Listener<br />
BCM Bachelor of Computer and Mathematical Sciences
159<br />
BCM Back Channel Message<br />
BCM Basic Call/Connection Management/Manager<br />
BCM Basic Computing Module<br />
BCM Basic Control Monitor<br />
BCM Battery/Bound Control Module<br />
BCM Binary Coded Matrix<br />
BCM Bit Clock Model<br />
BCM Bit Compression Multiplexer<br />
BCM Block Coded Modualtion<br />
BCM Broadcast Manager (IBM)<br />
BCM Bus Converter Module<br />
BCN Beacon<br />
BCNF Boyce Codd Normal Form<br />
BCNU Be Seeing You (Slang)<br />
BCP Best Current Practice<br />
BCP Binary/Byte/Bridging Control Protocol<br />
BCP Bridging Control Protocol<br />
BCP Bulk Copy Program<br />
BCPL Basic Computer/Combined Programming Language<br />
BCR Byte Count Register<br />
BCS Bar Code Sorter<br />
BCS BASF Computer Services<br />
BCS Black Check Sequence<br />
BCS Boeing Computer Services<br />
BCS British Computer Society<br />
BCTS Backup Courier Time Server<br />
BD Blu-ray Disc<br />
BDA BIOS Data Area<br />
BDA Broadcast Driver Architecture<br />
BDC Backup Domain Controller<br />
BDD Business Desktop Deployment<br />
BDE Betriebsdatenerfassung<br />
BDE BitLocker Drive Encryption<br />
BDE Borland Database Engine<br />
BDF Binary Distribution Format<br />
BDF Bitmap Description/Display Format<br />
BDF Bitmap Distribution Format (Adobe)<br />
BDK Beans Development Kit<br />
BDLC Burroughs Data Link Control<br />
BDLS Bidirectional Loop Switching
160ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
BDO Bidrectional Overwrite<br />
BDOS Basic Disk Operating System<br />
BDP Bandwidth Delay Product<br />
BDPP Biometric Device Protection Profile<br />
BDR Beowulf Design Rules<br />
BDR Bus Device Request<br />
BDSC Britisch Document Supply Center<br />
BDSG Bundesdatenschutzgesetz<br />
BDSL Broadband Digital Subscriber Line<br />
BDU Brain Dead User (Slang)<br />
BE Below or Equal<br />
BE Beschaltungseinheit<br />
BE Burst Error<br />
BEB Binary Exponential Backoff<br />
BECN Backward Explicit Congestion Notification<br />
BEDO Burst Extended Data Out (DRAM)<br />
BEE Bertelsmann Electronic Edition<br />
BEEP Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol<br />
BEER Binary Error Exchange Rate<br />
BEL Bell (ASCII-Zeichen Nr. 7)<br />
BELLCORE Bell Communications Research, Inc.<br />
BELUG Bellevue Linux Users Group<br />
BEM Boundary Element Method<br />
BEN Bestätigungsnummer<br />
BEP Bertelsmann Electronic Publishing<br />
BER Basic Encoding Rules<br />
BER Bit/Block Error Rate<br />
BERKOM Berliner Kommunikationssystem<br />
BERT Bit Error Rate Test/Tester<br />
BESYS Bell Operating System<br />
BETC Between Chain<br />
BEV Boot Entry Vector<br />
BF Bad Flag<br />
BF Boundary Function<br />
B/F Background/Foreground<br />
BFBI Brute Force and Bloody Ignorance (Slang)<br />
BFDI Bundesbeauftragter für Datenschutz und Informationsfreiheit<br />
BFF Binary File Format<br />
BFI Brute Force and Ignorance (Slang)<br />
BFMI Brute Force and Massive Ignorance (Slang)
BFN British Forces Network<br />
BFN Bye For Now (Slang)<br />
BFO Beat Frequency Oscillator<br />
BFS Be File System (BeOS)<br />
BFS Big File Scanner<br />
BFS Bitfile Server<br />
BFS (Unixware) Boot File System<br />
BFS Breadth First Search<br />
BFT Binary File Transfer<br />
BFTP Batch/Background File Transfer Protocol<br />
BFU Betriebsführungsumsetzer<br />
BFU Brain Free User (Slang)<br />
BFV Betriebs-Führungs-Vorfeldrechner<br />
BG Background<br />
BG Big Grin (Slang)<br />
BG Black Generation<br />
BGA Ball Grid Array<br />
BGE Branch if Greater or Equal<br />
BGI Borland’s Graphics Interface<br />
BGM Background Menu<br />
BGMP Border Gateway Multicast Protocol<br />
BGP Border Gateway Protocol (Internet)<br />
BGT Branch if Greater Than<br />
BH Bottom Half<br />
BH Branch and Hang<br />
BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempts<br />
BHI Branch if Higher<br />
BHIS Branch if Higher or Same<br />
BHLI Broadband High Level Information<br />
BHMD Binocular Helmet Mounted Display<br />
BHO Browser Helper Object<br />
BHOF Bald Headed Old Fart (Slang)<br />
BHP Bayerische Hacker-Post<br />
BHT Branch History Table<br />
BI Binary Input<br />
BI Breidbart Index<br />
BI Broadcast Invite<br />
BI Business Intelligence<br />
BIA Bump In the API<br />
BIB Bus Interface Board<br />
161
162ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
BIBOP Big Bag Of Pages<br />
BIC Bank Identifier Code<br />
BICI Broadband Inter Carrier Interface<br />
BICS Beratungsstelle für informationstechnische Bildung und Compute<br />
BICS Binnenvaart Informatie en Communicatie Systeem<br />
BIDI Bidirectional<br />
BIDS Broadband Internet Delivery System<br />
BIFET Bipolar Field Effect Transistor<br />
BIFF Binary Interchange File Format<br />
BIFS Binary Format For Scenes<br />
BIGFON Breitbandiges Integriertes Glasfaser-Fernmelde-Ortsnetz<br />
BILLI Buried Implanted Layer for Lateral Isolation<br />
BIM Begin of Information Marker<br />
BIMOS Bipolar Metal Oxide Semiconductor<br />
BIN Bachelor of Information Networking<br />
BINAC Binary Automatic Computer<br />
BIND Berkeley Internet Name Domain<br />
BINHEX Binary Hexadecimal<br />
BION Believe It Or Not (Slang)<br />
BIOS Basic Input Output System<br />
BIP Basic Imaging Profile<br />
BIP Bit-Interleaved Parity<br />
BIPM Bipartite Matching Code<br />
BIPM Bureau International des Poids et Mesures<br />
BIPS Billions Instructions Per Second<br />
BIS Bibliotheks- und Informationssystem<br />
BIS Business Information System<br />
BISDN Broadband/Breitband-ISDN<br />
BIST Built-In Self Test<br />
BISYNC Binary Synchronous Communication Protocol (IBM)<br />
BIT Base Item Type<br />
BIT Basic Interconnection Test<br />
BIT Basic Interface Telephone<br />
BIT Because It’s Time (network)<br />
BIT Binary Digit<br />
BIT Bipolar Integrated Technology<br />
BIT Board of Information Technology<br />
BIT Broadband Information Technology<br />
BIT Broadband Internet Terminal<br />
BIT Built-In Testing
163<br />
BIT Business and Information Technology<br />
BIT Business Internet Trends<br />
BIT Bytecode Instrumenting Tool<br />
BITD Back In The Day (Slang)<br />
BITKOM Bundesverband Informationswirtschaft, Telekommunikation u<br />
BITNET Because It’s Time Network (ein NJE-Netz)<br />
BITNIC Bitnet Network Information Center<br />
BITS Background Intelligent Transfer Service<br />
BITV Verordnung zur Schaffung barrierefreier Informationstechnik<br />
BIU Basic Information Unit<br />
BIU Bus Interface Unit<br />
BIW Business Intelligence Warehouse<br />
BIX Byte Information Exchange (ein BBS)<br />
BJ Backjumping<br />
BJC Bubblejet Color<br />
BJOERN Balanced Job Execution on Remote Network<br />
BK Break In<br />
BK Breitbandkabel (auch BBK)<br />
BK Bürokommunikation<br />
BKH Bekennender Konsolen-/Kommandozeilen-Heini (Slang)<br />
BKL Big Kernel Lock<br />
BKS Bundesverband Kabel + Satellit<br />
BKZ Bereichskennzahl (Datex, Btx)<br />
BL Backlit<br />
BL Betriebslenkung<br />
BL Bit Line<br />
BLACS Basic Linear Algebra Communication Routines<br />
BLADE Basic Linear Algebra for Distributed Environments<br />
BLAM Binary Logarithmic Arbitration Method<br />
BLAS Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines<br />
BLAST Bell Labs Layered Space Time<br />
BLAST Blocked Asynchronous Transmission (Protocol)<br />
BLC Beam Landing Correction<br />
BLE Branch if Less or Equal<br />
BLER Block Error Rate<br />
BLERA Block Error Rate After Recording<br />
BLERB Block Error Rate Before Recording<br />
BLERT Block Error Rate Test<br />
BLI Business Logic Integration<br />
BLK Betriebs-Lenkungs-Konzentrator
164ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
BLK Block<br />
BLLI Broadband Low Level Information<br />
BLM Bayerische Landeszentrale für Neue Medien, München<br />
BLMC Buried Logic Macrocell<br />
BLOB Binary Large Object<br />
BLOC Brutto Lines Of Code<br />
BLOG (short for:) Weblog, World Wide Web Logbook<br />
BLOS Branch if Lower or Same<br />
BLR Beacon-Less Routing<br />
BM Backmarking<br />
BM Bitonic Merge (Graph, Netz)<br />
BM Burst Mode<br />
BM Byte Me (Slang)<br />
BMC Block Multiplex Channel<br />
BMI Branch if Minus<br />
BMIC Bus Master Interface Controller (Intel)<br />
BMJ Backmarking with Backjumping<br />
BMP Basic Mapping Support<br />
BMP Basic Multilingual Plane (Unicode)<br />
BMP Batch Message Processing (Program)<br />
BMP Bitmap<br />
BMPP Bulk Mail Preferences Protocol<br />
BMPT Bundesministerium für Post- und Telekommunikation<br />
BMS Broadcast Message Server<br />
BMUG Berkeley MacIntosh Users Group<br />
BNA Bundesnetzagentur<br />
BNC Baby N Connector<br />
BNC Bayonet Neill Concelman<br />
BNC Bayonet Nut Coupling<br />
BNC Brain Not Connected (Slang)<br />
BNE Branch if Not Equal<br />
BNEP Bluetooth Network Encapsulation Protocol<br />
BNF Backus-Naur Form<br />
BNF Big Name Fan (Slang)<br />
BNFSCD But Now For Something Completely Different (Slang)<br />
BNI Before Next Interaction<br />
BNK Betriebsführungs-Netzknoten<br />
BNPF Begin Negative Positive Finish<br />
BNS Backbone Network Service<br />
BNS Broadband Network Services
165<br />
BNU Basic Network/Networking Utilities (uucp)<br />
BO Back Orifice<br />
BO Binary Output<br />
BO Bit Oxide (Garbage)<br />
BOA Basic Object Adapter<br />
BOART Bus Oriented Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter<br />
BOB Box Of Bits<br />
BOB Break-Out Box<br />
BOC Basic Operator Console<br />
BOC Bell Operating Company<br />
BOD Bandwidth/Book On Demand<br />
BOF Begin Of File<br />
BOF Birds Of a Feather (Slang)<br />
BOF Board of Fellows<br />
BOFH Bastard Operator From Hell<br />
BOFS Birds Of a Feather Session (Slang)<br />
BOG BIND Operations Guide<br />
BOI Balkan/Baltic Olympiad in Informatics<br />
BOINC Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing<br />
BOM Basic Online Memory<br />
BOM Begin Of Message/Media<br />
BOM Bill Of Materials<br />
BOM Business Object Model<br />
BOM Byte Order Mark<br />
BON Business Object Notation<br />
BOND Bandwidth On Demand<br />
BONT Broadband Optical Network Termination<br />
BOOM Binocular Omni-Oriented/Orientation Monitor<br />
BOOTP Bootstrap Protocol (Internet)<br />
BOP Begin Of Page/Partition<br />
BOP Bit Oriented Protocol<br />
BOPS Billion Operations Per Second<br />
BOR Basic Output Report<br />
BORE Broken Once Running Everywhere<br />
BORQU Borland Quattro<br />
BOS Basic Operating System<br />
BOS Basic OverSeer (Server)<br />
BOS Behörden und Organisationen mit Sicherheitsaufgaben<br />
BOS Bottom Of Stack<br />
BOSS Bharat Operating System Solutions
166ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
BOSS Business Office Servicing System<br />
BOT Back On Topic (Slang)<br />
BOT Begin Of Tape/Table/Transaction<br />
BP Bandpass<br />
BP Base Pointer<br />
BP Breakpoint<br />
BPB BIOS Parameter Block<br />
BPD Bank-Parameter-Datei<br />
BPD Border Protection Device<br />
BPDU Bridge Protocol Data Unit<br />
BPEL Business Process Execution Language<br />
BPF Band Pass Filter<br />
BPF Berkeley Packet Filter<br />
BPF Breakpoint Function<br />
BPH Break Permitted Here<br />
BPI bits per inch<br />
BPJM Bundesprüfstelle für jugendgefährdende Medien<br />
BPL Bedienplatz<br />
BPL Branch if Plus<br />
BPL Broadband Over Powerline<br />
BPL Bugs Per Line<br />
BPM Bundespostministerium<br />
BPM Business Performance Management<br />
BPM Business Process Management/Modelling<br />
BPO Business Process Outsourcing<br />
BPP Basic Printing Profile<br />
BPP Binary Packing Problem<br />
BPP Bits Per Pixel<br />
BPP Bounded error, Probabilistic, Polynomial time<br />
BPR Business Process Reengineering<br />
BPS bits/bytes per second<br />
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying<br />
BPU Branch Prediction Unit<br />
BQP Bounded error, Quantum, Polynomial time<br />
BQS Berkeley Quality Software<br />
BR Bad Register<br />
BR Bit Rate<br />
BRAM Broadcast Recognizing Access Method<br />
BRAS Broadband Remote Access Server<br />
BRB Be Right Back (Slang)
167<br />
BRD Blu-ray Disc<br />
BRE Basic Regular Expression<br />
BREAD Browse, Read, Edit, Add, Delete<br />
BREP Boundary Representation<br />
BRGC Binary Reflected Gray Code<br />
BRI Basic Rate Interface (ISDN)<br />
BRI Brain Response Interface<br />
BRIM Bridge Router Interface Module<br />
BRJ Bandwidth Change Reject<br />
BRL Ballistics Research Laboratory<br />
BRQ Bandwidth Change Request<br />
BRS Bibliographic Retrieval System<br />
BRS Big Red Switch (IBM PC)<br />
BRS Break Request Signal<br />
BRS Business Recovery Services (IBM)<br />
BS Backspace<br />
BS Base Station<br />
BS Betriebssystem<br />
BS Bitonic Sort (Graph)<br />
BS Broadcast Satellite<br />
BSA Bitstrom-Anschluss<br />
BSA Business Software Alliance<br />
BSAM Basic Sequential Access Method<br />
BSB Blockate State Block<br />
BSC Base Station Controller<br />
BSC Binary Synchronous Communications<br />
BSC Bisynchronous/Binary Synchronous Communication (IBM)<br />
BSC Boyan Script<br />
BSCW Basic Support for Cooperative Work<br />
BSD Basic Standard Definiton<br />
BSD Berkeley Software/Source/System Design/Distribution<br />
BSDL Boundary Scan Description Language<br />
BSF Bit Scan Forward<br />
BSF But Seriously Folks (Slang)<br />
BSI British Standards Institute<br />
BSI Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik<br />
BSM Basic Storage Module<br />
BSM Bracket State Manager<br />
BSMTP Batch Simple Message Transfer Protocol<br />
BSOD Blue Screen Of Death
168ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
BSP Binary Space Partition/Partitioning<br />
BSP Bug Squashing Party<br />
BSP Bulk Synchronous Parallel (Processing)<br />
BSP Byte Stream Protocol<br />
BSR Betriebssystem für Reelle Speicher<br />
BSR Bit Scan Reverse<br />
BSR Board of Standards Review (ANSI)<br />
BSRAM Burst Static Random Access Memory<br />
BSS Base Station Subsystem<br />
BSS Basic Service Set (WLAN)<br />
BSS Blank Storage Space<br />
BSS Blind Source Separation<br />
BSS Block Started by Symbol<br />
BSS Block Storage Segment<br />
BSS Broadband Switching System<br />
BSS Business Support System<br />
BSSID Basic Service Set Identifier<br />
BST Binary Search Tree<br />
BSU Basic Striping Unit<br />
BSV Betriebssystem für Virtuelle Adressierung<br />
BSY Busy<br />
BSYNC Binary Synchronous Communications (Protocol)<br />
BT Bit Test<br />
BT Bluetooth<br />
BT British Telecom/Telecommunications<br />
BT Burst Tolerance<br />
BTA But Then Again (Slang)<br />
BTAC Branch Target Address Cache<br />
BTAIM Be That As It May (Slang)<br />
BTAM Basic Telecommunication Access Method (IBM)<br />
BTB Branch Target Buffer<br />
BTC Bit Test and Complement<br />
BTC Biting The Carpet (Slang)<br />
BTC Broadband Transfer Capability<br />
BTDT Been There Done That (Slang)<br />
BTHOM Beats The Hell Outta Me (Slang)<br />
BTI British Telecom International<br />
BTI Business Type Identifier<br />
BTIC But Then, I’am Crazy (Slang)<br />
BTK Back To Keyboard (Slang)
169<br />
BTL Bell Telephone Laboratories<br />
BTLB Block TLB<br />
BTMA Busy Tone Multiple Access<br />
BTO Built To Order<br />
BTOA Binary To ASCII<br />
BTP Banana Tree Protocol<br />
BTP Batch Transfer Program<br />
BTP Business Transaction Protocol<br />
BTR Bit Test and Reset<br />
BTRFS B-Tree File System<br />
BTS Base Transceiver Station/System<br />
BTS Bit Test and Set<br />
BTS Bug Tracking System<br />
BTSOOM Beats The Shit Out Of Me (Slang)<br />
BTU Basic Transmission Unit<br />
BTW By The Way (Slang)<br />
BTX Balanced Technology Extended<br />
BTX Bildschirmtext<br />
BU Branch Unit<br />
BUAF Big Ugly ASCII Font<br />
BUAG Big Ugly ASCII Graphic<br />
BUBL Bulletin Board for Libraries<br />
BUCS Budgeting and Computing System<br />
BUF Buffer<br />
BUMS Broadband Unified Messaging System<br />
BUP Backup (file)<br />
BUP Buffer Underrun Protection<br />
BUS Bild und Schrift<br />
BUS Binary Utility System<br />
BUS Broadcast and Unknown Server<br />
BUUG Belgian UNIX Users Group<br />
BVB Bundesverband Informations- und Kommunikationssysteme<br />
BVD Boot Volume Descriptor<br />
BVDM Bundesverband Druck und Medien<br />
BVDW Bundesverband Digitale Wirtschaft<br />
BVH Base Video Handler<br />
BVIT Bundesverband Informationstechnologien, Bonn<br />
BVSE Bundesverband für Sekundärrohstoffe und Entsorgung<br />
BVSI Bundesverband der Selbständigen in der Informatik<br />
BVV Bundesverband Audiovisuelle Medien
170ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
BW Bandwidth<br />
BWA Broadband Wireless Access<br />
BWF Broadcast Wave Format<br />
BWIN Breitband Wissenschafts-Netz<br />
BWM Block Write Mode<br />
BWQ Buzz Word Quotient<br />
BWSN Baden-Württembergisches Schulnetz<br />
BWT Broadband Wireless Technology<br />
BWT Burrows Wheeler Transformation<br />
BYKT But You Knew That (Slang)<br />
BYP Bypass<br />
BZ Betriebszentrale<br />
BZR Befehlzählregister<br />
BZT Bundesamt für Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation<br />
BZV Bargeldloser/Belegorientierter Zahlungsverkehr<br />
BZV Befristeter Zählervergleich<br />
BZVD Beratungszentrum für Videokonferenzdienste, Dresden<br />
C Cable, Communication, Computer, Conference, Control<br />
C2C Consumer To Consumer<br />
C2CC Car To Car Communication<br />
C2D Character To Decimal<br />
C3I Command, Control, Communication, Intelligence<br />
C4 Command, Control, Communication + Computers<br />
CA Cable<br />
CA Call Agent<br />
CA Cellular Automaton<br />
CA Certification Authority<br />
CA Collision Avoidance<br />
CA Common Applications<br />
CA Computer Animation<br />
CA Computer Associates<br />
CA Conditional Access<br />
CAA Computer Aided Assembling/Anthropometrics/Animation<br />
CAAD Computer Aided Architectural Design<br />
CAB Cabinet (Microsoft)<br />
CAB Compressed Application Binary<br />
CAB Computer Aided Breakfast<br />
CAC Carrier/Channel Access Code
171<br />
CAC Computer Aided Consulting/Computing/Creativity/Christmas/<br />
CAC Connection Admission Control<br />
CACLS Change Line Access Control Lists<br />
CACM Communications of the ACM<br />
CAD Class Association Diagram<br />
CAD Computer Aided Design/Detection<br />
CAD Computer Aided Dinner<br />
CADAM Computer Aided Design And Manufacturing<br />
CADAPSO Canadian Assosciation of Data Processing Organizations<br />
CADD Computer Aided Design and Drafting<br />
CADD Computer Aided Drug Design<br />
CADE Client/Server Application Development Environment<br />
CADE Computer Aided Data Entry<br />
CADEP Computer Aided Design of Electronic Products<br />
CADIC Computer Aided Design of Integrated Circuits<br />
CADIS Computer Aided Design Interactive System (Siemens)<br />
CADMAT Computer Aided Design, Manufacturing and Testing<br />
CADMOS Computerorientiertes Administrations- und Organisationssyst<br />
CADOS Computer Aided Design of Systems<br />
CAE Client Application Enabler<br />
CAE Common Applications Environment<br />
CAE Computer Aided/Assisted Education<br />
CAE Computer Aided Engineering<br />
CAEN Chemically Assembled Electronic Nanocomputer<br />
CAEX Computer Aided Exploration<br />
CAF Computer Aided Fishing<br />
CAF Computer and Academic Freedom<br />
CAFE Conditional Access For Europe<br />
CAFM Computer Aided Facilities Management<br />
CAG Chassis Air Guide<br />
CAG Column Adress Generator<br />
CAH Computer Aided Holidays/Homework/Hausaufgaben<br />
CAHN Cellular Assisted Heterogeneous Networking<br />
CAI Common Air Interface<br />
CAI Computer Aided Industry<br />
CAI Computer Aided Inspiration<br />
CAI Computer Aided/Assisted Instruction<br />
CAIN Controlled Access by Individual Number<br />
CAIR Comprehensive Assessment Information Rule<br />
CAIRN Collaborative Advanced Interagency Research Network
172ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
CAIRS Computerized Accident/Incident Reporting System<br />
CAIS Common APSE Interface Set<br />
CAIT Computer Aided Inspection and Testing<br />
CAK Computer-Anwendungen Karlsruhe<br />
CAL Client Access License<br />
CAL Common Assembly Language<br />
CAL Computer Aided Life/Learning/Lunch<br />
CAL Computer Animation Language<br />
CAL Conversational Algebraic Language<br />
CALAS Computer Aided Laboratory Automation System<br />
CALC Customer Access Line Charge<br />
CALEA Communications Assistance for/to Law Enforcement Act<br />
CALIES Computer Aided Locomotion by Implanted Electrical Stimulation<br />
CALL Computer Aided/Assisted Language Learning<br />
CALLE Control Application Link Layer Engineering<br />
CALM Collected Algorithms for Learning Machines<br />
CALS Continuous Acquisition and Lifecycle Support<br />
CALTECH California Institute of Technology<br />
CAM Central Address Memory<br />
CAM Common/Communication Access Method<br />
CAM Computer Aided Machining/Manufacturing<br />
CAM Concentrator/Conditional Access Module<br />
CAM Conditional Access Module<br />
CAM Content Addressable/Addressed Memory<br />
CAMAC Computer Automated Measurement And Control<br />
CAMD Computer Aided Molecular Design<br />
CAMEL Computer Assisted Education Language<br />
CAML Categorial Abstract Machine Language<br />
CAMP Compiler for Automatic Machine Programming<br />
CAMP Computer Assisted Movie Production<br />
CAN Campus/Communications/Complete Area Network<br />
CAN Cancel<br />
CAN Cancel Line<br />
CAN Car Area Network<br />
CAN Community Alert Network<br />
CAN Content Addressable Network<br />
CAN Controller Area Network<br />
CAN Customer Access Network<br />
CANAL Catalog with Natural Language Access<br />
CANS Computer Assisted Network System
173<br />
CANUNET Canadian University Computer Network<br />
CAO Computer Aided Administration and Organization<br />
CAO Computer Aided Optimization<br />
CAP Calendar Access Protocol<br />
CAP Carrierless Amplitude Modulation/Phase Modulation<br />
CAP Central Arbitration Point<br />
CAP Columbia AppleTalk Package<br />
CAP Common Alerting Protocol<br />
CAP Communication Application Platform<br />
CAP Competitive Access Provider<br />
CAP Computer Aided Planning/Production/Publishing<br />
CAP Computer Application Profile<br />
CAP Computing for Analysis Project<br />
CAP Content Access Point<br />
CAP Continuous Audit Program<br />
CAP CTM Access Profile<br />
CAPD Computer To Assist Persons with Disabilities<br />
CAPE Computer Aided Pattern Engineering<br />
CAPE Concurrent Art-to-Product Environment<br />
CAPI Common ISDN Application Programming Interface<br />
CAPI Communication Application Program Interface<br />
CAPP Carrierless Amplitude Phase<br />
CAPP Computer Aided Printing and Publishing<br />
CAPP Computer Aided Process/Production Planning<br />
CAPP Computer Applications Program<br />
CAPP Computer Assisted Payment Processing<br />
CAPPC Computer Aided Production Planning and Control<br />
CAPPP Computer Aided Process and Production Planning<br />
CAPS Capitals (Großbuchstaben)<br />
CAPS Cassette Programming System<br />
CAPS Computer Assisted Problem Solving<br />
CAPSC Computer Aided Production Scheduling and Control<br />
CAPTAIN Character and Pattern Telephon Access Information Network<br />
CAPTCHA Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers an<br />
CAQ Computer Aided Quality Assurance/Control<br />
CAR Committed Access Rate<br />
CAR Computer Assisted Radiology<br />
CAR Channel Address Register<br />
CAR Compressed Audio Recording<br />
CAR Computer Aided Retrieval
174ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
CARA Computer Aided Radio Amateur<br />
CARAM Content Addressable Random Access Memory<br />
CARD Cluster Aware Remote Disk<br />
CARDIS Cargo Data Interchange System<br />
CARE Computer Aided Reliability Estimation<br />
CARE Computer Aided Reverse Engineering<br />
CARL Chemisches Aufweiten von Resist-Linien (Siemens)<br />
CARL Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries<br />
CARLOS Cancer Registry Lower Saxony<br />
CARO Computer Anti-Virus Research Organization<br />
CARP Caching RSS Parser<br />
CARP Common Address Redundancy Protocol<br />
CARS Computer Aided Risc Simulation<br />
CARS Computer Aided Routing System<br />
CARS Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery<br />
CART Computer Assisted Radar Tomography<br />
CAS Collision Avoidance System<br />
CAS Column Address Select/Strobe<br />
CAS Communicating Applications Specification<br />
CAS Computer Aided Selling/Service/Styling<br />
CAS Computer Algebra System<br />
CAS Conditional/Control/Communication Access System<br />
CASC Coalition for Academic Supercomputer Centers<br />
CASD Computer Aided System Design<br />
CASE Common Applications Service Element<br />
CASE Computer Aided Software Engineering<br />
CASE Computer Aided System Evaluation<br />
CASL Common Algebraic Specification Language<br />
CASL Crosstalk Application Scripting Language<br />
CASS Computer Assisted Search Service<br />
CASS Computer Assisted Surveillance System<br />
CASSIS Classified And Search Support Information System<br />
CAST Center for Applied Security Technology, Darmstadt<br />
CAST Center for Applied Special Technology<br />
CAST Competence Center for Applied Security Technology<br />
CAST Computer Aided Software Testing<br />
CAT Category<br />
CAT Character Assignment Table<br />
CAT Chordal Axis Transformation<br />
CAT Common Allocation Table
175<br />
CAT Common Authentication Technology<br />
CAT Computer Adaptive Test<br />
CAT Computer Aided Teaching/Testing/Telecommunication/Transla<br />
CAT Computerized Axial Tomography<br />
CAT Concatenate<br />
CAT Conditionally Accepted Tag<br />
CATIA Computer Graphic Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Appli<br />
CATNIP Common Architecture for Next Generation Internet Protocol<br />
CATP Computer Aided Technical Publishing<br />
CATS Computer Aided/Assisted Teaching/Tracking/Training System<br />
CATS Computer Aided Telephony Services<br />
CATS Computer Automated Test System<br />
CATT China Academy of Telecommunication Technology<br />
CATV Cable Television<br />
CATV Common/Community Antenna Television<br />
CAU Command and Arithmetic Unit<br />
CAU Control/Controlled/Concentrator Access Unit<br />
CAUCE Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial Email<br />
CAV Computer Aided Verification<br />
CAV Constant Angular Velocity<br />
CAVE Cave/Computer Automatic Virtual Environment<br />
CAVE Computer Aided Vision Engineering<br />
CAW Channel Address Word<br />
CB Call Back<br />
CB Cell Broadcast<br />
CB Citizens’ Band<br />
CBA Compare and Branch Anyway<br />
CBA Computational Biology Activity<br />
CBA Computer Based Assessment/Automation<br />
CBA Computer Battery Analyzer<br />
CBA Current Buffer/Byte Address<br />
CBAC Context Based Access Control<br />
CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation<br />
CBC Cipher Block Chaining<br />
CBCR Channel Byte Count Register<br />
CBDS Connectionless Broadband Data Service<br />
CBDTPA Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act<br />
CBE Cell Broadband Engine<br />
CBEFF Common Biometric Exchange Format Framework<br />
CBEMA Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers’ Associatio
176ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
CBGA Ceramic Ball Grid Array<br />
CBI Charles Babbage Insitute<br />
CBI Computer Based Instruction/Instrumentation<br />
CBI Crossbar Interface<br />
CBIP Compressed Binaries IBM PC<br />
CBIP Current Book In Progress<br />
CBIR Content Based Image Retrieval<br />
CBIRS Content Based Image Retrieval System<br />
CBJ Conflict-directed Backjumping<br />
CBL Communication By Light<br />
CBL Computer Based Learning<br />
CBMS Computer Based Mail System<br />
CBN Community Based Network<br />
CBO Coupling Between Object Classes<br />
CBQ Class Based Queuing<br />
CBR CAS before RAS<br />
CBR Constant/Continuous Bit Rate<br />
CBR Content Based Retrieval<br />
CBS Crossbar Switch<br />
CBT Computer Based Training<br />
CBT Core Based Tree<br />
CBW Convert Byte to Word<br />
CBX Computer-controlled/Computerized Branch Exchange<br />
CC Cable Connector<br />
CC Call/Communication Center<br />
CC Carbon Copy<br />
CC Chain/Channel Command<br />
CC Classification Code<br />
CC Cluster/Communications Controller<br />
CC Common Criteria (for IT Security Evaluation)<br />
CC Condition Command/Code<br />
CC Congestion Control<br />
CC Connected Client<br />
CC Country Code<br />
CC Coupled Channel<br />
CC Creative Commons<br />
CC Crossconnect<br />
CC Cursor Control<br />
CC Cyclic Check<br />
CCA Clear Channel Assessment
177<br />
CCA Copy Control Association<br />
CCB Change Control Board<br />
CCB Channel Command/Control Block<br />
CCB Cyclic Check Byte<br />
CCBS Completion of Call to Busy Subscriber<br />
CCC Ceramic Chip Carrier<br />
CCC Change and Configuration Control<br />
CCC Chaos Computer Club, Hamburg<br />
CCC Computer Chess Competition<br />
CCC Conference Control Channel<br />
CCC Credit Card Calling<br />
CCCB Command, Control, Communications in Buildings<br />
CCCH Common Control Channel<br />
CCD Charge Coupled Device<br />
CCD Class Communication Diagram<br />
CCE Configuration Control Element<br />
CCF Central Computing Facility<br />
CCF Chain Command Flag<br />
CCF Common Channel Framework<br />
CCFCC Computer Coordinated Family Communcation and Cooperatio<br />
CCFL Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp<br />
CCFT Cold Cathode Fluorescent Tube<br />
CCI Common Client Interface<br />
CCI Copy Control Information<br />
CCIA Computer + Communications Industry Association<br />
CCID Call Correlation Identifier<br />
CCID Computers, Communications, Information Dissemination<br />
CCID Corporate Customer Inforamtion Database<br />
CCIE Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert<br />
CCIR Comite Consultatif International des Radiocommunications<br />
CCIRN Committee for Intercontinental Research Networks<br />
CCIS Command and Control Information System<br />
CCIS Common Channel Interoffice Signaling<br />
CCITT Comite Consultatif International de Telegraphie et de Telepho<br />
CCK Centre de Calcul El Khawarizmi, Tunis<br />
CCK Communication Commission of Kenya<br />
CCK Complementary Code Keying<br />
CCK Computerclub Kamen<br />
CCL Closed Conference Loop<br />
CCL Commerce Control List
178ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
CCL Common Command Language<br />
CCL Connection/Cursor Control Language<br />
CCL Corel Contractual Licensing<br />
CCL Creative Commons License<br />
CCLC Carrier Common Line Charge<br />
CCLF Cold Cathode Fluorescence Light<br />
CCM Color Management System<br />
CCM Computer Controlled Manufacturing<br />
CCM CORBA Component Mode/Model<br />
CCM Counter with CBC-Mac<br />
CCN Cluster Controller<br />
CCN Cordless Communication Network<br />
CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate<br />
CCNG Computer Communications Networks Group<br />
CCNP Cisco Certified Network Professional<br />
CCNR Completion of Call on No Reply<br />
CCNUMA Cache Coherent NUMA<br />
CCP CAN Calibration Protocol<br />
CCP Certified Computing Professional<br />
CCP Compression Control Protocol<br />
CCP Concurrent Constraint Programming<br />
CCP Console/Communications Command/Control Processor/Program<br />
CCPP Composite Capability Preference Profile<br />
CCR Center for Communications Research<br />
CCR Command and Control Research<br />
CCR Commitment, Concurrency, Recovery (OSI)<br />
CCR Current Cell Rate<br />
CCRN Coordinating Council on Research Networks<br />
CCS CAPI Connection Service<br />
CCS Closely Coupled System<br />
CCS Colour Calibration System<br />
CCS Common Channel Signalling<br />
CCS Common Command Set (SCSI)<br />
CCS Common Communication Services/Support<br />
CCS Computing Classification System<br />
CCS Continuos Composite Servo<br />
CCS Cryptographic Checksum<br />
CCSA Checkpoint Certified Security Administrator<br />
CCSA Common Control Switching Arrangement<br />
CCSB The Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies, Karlsruhe
CCSD Cellular Circuit-Switched Data<br />
CCSE Checkpoint Certified Security Engineer<br />
CCSID Coded Character Set Identifier (IBM)<br />
CCSIS Community College Student Information System<br />
CCSP Contextually Communicating Sequential Process<br />
CCSS7 Common Channel Signalling System No. 7<br />
CCSY Cooperative Computing System Program<br />
CCT Computerized Communication Terminal<br />
CCTLD Country Code Top Level Domain<br />
CCTV Closed Circuit Television<br />
CCU Central Communication/Control Unit<br />
CCU Communications Control Unit<br />
CCU Customer Control Unit<br />
CCUT Computer Center at the University of Tokyo<br />
CCVP Cisco Certified Voice Professional<br />
CCVR Centre de Calcul Vectoriel pour la Recherche<br />
CCW Channel Command Word<br />
CCW Coherent Continuous Wave<br />
CCW Continuous Composite Write (Once Disc)<br />
CCX Cisco Compatible Extension<br />
CD Call Deflection<br />
CD Carrier Detect<br />
CD Chained Data<br />
CD Change Direction/Directory<br />
CD Collision Detection<br />
CD Colour Display<br />
CD Committee Document (ISO)<br />
CD Compact Disk<br />
CD Control Data<br />
CD-R Compact Disk Recordable<br />
CD-RW Compact Disk Re-Writable<br />
CDA Clinical Document Architecture<br />
CDA Communications Decency Act<br />
CDA Compact Disk Audio (track)<br />
CDA Compound Document Architecture (DEC)<br />
CDAS Control and Data Acquisition System<br />
CDATA Character Data<br />
CDB Consolidated Database<br />
CDBT Compact Disk Based Training<br />
CDC Certificate Distribution Center<br />
179
180ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
CDC Connected Device Configuration<br />
CDC Control Data Corporation (USA)<br />
CDC Cult of the Dead Cow<br />
CDD Custom Debian Distribution<br />
CDDA Compact Disc Digital Audio<br />
CDDB Compact Disc Data Base<br />
CDDI Copper Distributed Data Interface<br />
CDDL Common Development and Distribution License (Sun)<br />
CDE Common Desktop Environment<br />
CDE Compact Disc Erasable<br />
CDE Complex Data Entry<br />
CDE Cooperative Development Environment<br />
CDEV Control Panel Device<br />
CDF Channel Definition File/Format<br />
CDF Comma Delimited Format<br />
CDF Common Data File/Format<br />
CDF Compound Document Framework<br />
CDF Context Dependent File<br />
CDF Cyberspace Description Format<br />
CDFS Compact Disc File System<br />
CDG Compact Disc Graphical<br />
CDI Compact Disc Interactive<br />
CDI Context Dependent Interchangeability<br />
CDIA Certified Document Imaging Architect<br />
CDIF Case Data Interchange Format<br />
CDISC Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium<br />
CDL Computer Design Language<br />
CDM Code Division Multiplex<br />
CDM Compressed Data Mode<br />
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access<br />
CDMF Commercial Data Masking Facility<br />
CDN Content Delivery Network<br />
CDNC Chinese Domain Name Consortium<br />
CDO Collaboration Data Object<br />
CDOS Concurrent Disk Operating System<br />
CDP Certificate in Data Processing<br />
CDP Cisco Discovery Protocol<br />
CDP Conditional Diphase (Encoding)<br />
CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data<br />
CDR Call Detail Record/Recording
181<br />
CDR Common Data Representation<br />
CDR Compact Disk Recordable<br />
CDR Corel Draw Format<br />
CDRA Character Data Representation Architecture<br />
CDRAM Cached Dynamic Random Access Memory<br />
CDRDX Compact Disk Read Only Memory Data Exchange Standard<br />
CDRFS Compact Disc Recordable File System<br />
CDRL Contract Data Requirements List<br />
CDROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory<br />
CDROMXA CD-ROM Extended Architecture<br />
CDS Cactus Data Shield<br />
CDS Cell Directory Service (OSF, DCE)<br />
CDS Class Data Sharing<br />
CDS Cross Domain Solution<br />
CDS Current Directory Structure<br />
CDSA Common Data Security Architecture (Initiative)<br />
CDSL Consumer Digital Subscriber Line<br />
CDSL Context Dependent Symbolic Link<br />
CDT Center for Democracy and Technology (USA)<br />
CDTV Commodore Dynamic Total Vision<br />
CDTV Compact Disk Television<br />
CDU Central Data Unit<br />
CDU Classification Decimale Universelle<br />
CDU Code Distribution Unit<br />
CDU Computers Down Under<br />
CDU Configuration Data Unit<br />
CDU Connectix Desktop Utilities<br />
CDU Control Data Unit<br />
CDV Compact Disk Video<br />
CDV Cell Delay Variation<br />
CDVT Cell Delay Variation Tolerance<br />
CDWO Compact Disk Write Once<br />
CE Cache/Chip/Convert Enable<br />
CE Clear Entry<br />
CE Collision Elimination<br />
CE Conformite Europeenne (Konformitätskennzeichen)<br />
CE Consumer Electronics<br />
CE Customer Edge (device)<br />
CEASA Cellular Emergency Alert Service Association<br />
CEATA Consumer Electronics Advanced Technology Attachment
182ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
CEB Comite Electrotechnique Belge<br />
CEB Conditional End Bracket<br />
CEBIT Centrum für Büro, Information und Telekommunikation<br />
CEBUS Consumer Electronics Bus<br />
CEC Certified E-Commerce Consultant<br />
CECC Electronic Components Committee<br />
CECMG Central Europe Computer Measurement Group<br />
CECP Country Extended Code Page<br />
CEDEX Courrier d’entreprise distribution exceptionelle<br />
CEFIC EDIFACT-Subset Chemical Industry<br />
CEG Continuous Edge Graphics<br />
CEI Conducted Electromagnetic Interference<br />
CEIP Customer Experience Improvement Program<br />
CEK Content Encryption Key<br />
CELP Card Edge Low Profile<br />
CELP Code Excited Linear Prediction<br />
CELT Corpus of Electronic Texts<br />
CEM Common Evaluation Methodology<br />
CEM Computational Electromagnetics<br />
CEMEC Committee of European Associations of Manufacturers of Electron<br />
CEMM Compaq Expanded Memory Manager<br />
CEMS Constituent Electronic Mail System<br />
CEN Comite Europeen de Normalisation<br />
CENELEC Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnique<br />
CENTR Council of European National Top level domain Registries<br />
CEO Chief Executive Officer<br />
CEOI Central European Olympiad in Informatics<br />
CEOP Conditional End Of Page<br />
CEP Connection End Point<br />
CEPEC Committee of European Associations of Manufacturers of Passive E<br />
CEPIS Council of European Professional Informatics Societies<br />
CEPT Conference Europeenne des Administrations des Postes et des Tele<br />
CER Canonical Encoding Rules<br />
CER Cell Error Ratio<br />
CERA Climate and Environmental Data Retrieval and Archive<br />
CERF California Education and Research Federation (network)<br />
CERN Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire<br />
CERT Computer Emergency Response Team<br />
CES Circuit Emulation Service<br />
CES Coast Earth Station
183<br />
CES Consumer Electronics Show<br />
CESC Component Encoding Stream Construction<br />
CESG Communications Electronics Security Group (UK)<br />
CESH Competence Center Electronic Shopping<br />
CEST Central European Summer Time<br />
CESU Compatibility Encoding Scheme for UTF (Unicode)<br />
CET Central European Time<br />
CEV Commission on Electronic Voting<br />
CF Call Forwarding<br />
CF Compact Flash (Card)<br />
CF Compact Framework<br />
CFB Call Forwarding Busy<br />
CFB Cipher Feedback<br />
CFB Configurable Function Block<br />
CFD Call For Discussion (Usenet)<br />
CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics<br />
CFDP Coherent File Distribution Protocol (Internet)<br />
CFDPCLN Coherent File Distribution Protocol Client<br />
CFDPTKT Coherent File Distribution Protocol Ticket<br />
CFE Common Firmware Environment<br />
CFE Connected Family Environment<br />
CFG Configuration<br />
CFH COBOL File Handler<br />
CFI Canonical Format Indicator<br />
CFL Context Free Language<br />
CFM Clock From Master<br />
CFM Code Fragment Manager<br />
CFM Common Functional Model<br />
CFM Configuration Management<br />
CFML Cold Fusion Markup Language<br />
CFNR Call Forward/Forwarding on No Reply/Response<br />
CFOR Conversational FORTRAN<br />
CFP Call For Proposal<br />
CFP Computer, Freedom and Privacy<br />
CFP Content/Contention Free Period<br />
CFR Computerized Facial Recognition<br />
CFR Controlled Ferro Resonant (-USV)<br />
CFRI California Federation of Research Internets<br />
CFS Caching/Central/Common/Cryptographic File System<br />
CFS Completely Fair Scheduler
184ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
CFT Chirp Fourier Transform<br />
CFT Cray Fortran Compiler<br />
CFTT Computer Forensics Tool Testing<br />
CFU Call Forwarding Unconditional<br />
CFV Call For Votes (Usenet)<br />
CG Computer Graphics<br />
CG Control Gate<br />
CG Core Gateway<br />
CG Cyclic Group<br />
CGA Color Graphics Adapter (PC)<br />
CGAL Computational Geometry Algorithm Library<br />
CGATS Committee for Graphic Arts Technologies Standards<br />
CGE (Linux) Carrier Grade Edition<br />
CGE Common Graphics Environment<br />
CGE Compagnie General d’Electricite<br />
CGI Common Gateway Interface<br />
CGI Common/Composite/Computer Graphics Interface<br />
CGI Computer Generated Image/Imagery<br />
CGL Carrier Grade Linux<br />
CGM Computer Graphics Metafile<br />
CGMIF Computer Graphics Metafile Interchange Format<br />
CGMS Copy Generation Management System<br />
CGPP Computer Grahics: Principles and Practise (by Fowley)<br />
CGS Common Graphics System<br />
CGS Computer Graphics Society<br />
CGS Continuous Grain Silicon<br />
CGS International Computer Graphics Society<br />
CGU Computer Graphics Unit<br />
CGW Customer/Campus Gateway<br />
CH Cyclic Header<br />
CHAOS Cheap Array of Obsolete Systems<br />
CHAP Cryptographic/Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol<br />
CHARM Character Mode<br />
CHAT Conversational Hypertext Access Technology<br />
CHCK Channel Check<br />
CHCP Change Code Page<br />
CHDD Certified Help Desk Director<br />
CHDD Cockpit Head Down Display<br />
CHE Channel Hot Electron<br />
CHI Computer Human Interaction/Interface
185<br />
CHIC Constraint Handling in Industry and Commerce<br />
CHIL Computers in the Human Interaction Loop<br />
CHIL Current Hogging Injection Logic<br />
CHILD Computer Having Intelligent Learning and Development<br />
CHILL CCITT High Level Language<br />
CHIPS Clearinghouse Interbank Payments System<br />
CHKPT Checkpoint<br />
CHL Current Hogging Logic<br />
CHM Cooperative Hypermedia<br />
CHOP Channel Operator<br />
CHPC Center for High Performance Computing<br />
CHR Character<br />
CHR Constraint Handling Rules<br />
CHRP Common Hardware Reference Platform<br />
CHS Cylinders, Heads, Sectors<br />
CHTML Compact/Compressed Hypertext Markup Language<br />
CHV Card Holder Value<br />
CI Call Intrusion<br />
CI Coded Information<br />
CI Command Interpreter<br />
CI Common/Component/Computer Interface<br />
CI Communications Integrator<br />
CI Computational Intelligence<br />
CI Computer Interconnect/Interface<br />
CI Congestion Indicator<br />
CI Continuous Integration<br />
CI Control and Indication<br />
CIA Computer Interface Adapter<br />
CIA CAN In Automation<br />
CIA Current Instruction Address<br />
CIAC Computer Incident Advisory Capability<br />
CIAM Computerized Integrated and Automatic Manufacturing<br />
CIAO Component-Integrated ACE ORB<br />
CIB Computer Integrated Building/Bureaucracy<br />
CIC Carrier Identification Code<br />
CIC Certified IT Consultant<br />
CIC Committee on Institutional Cooperation<br />
CIC Coordination and Information Center (CSNet)<br />
CIC Computing Information Center<br />
CIC Computing, Information + Communications
186ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
CICA Center of Innovative Computer Applications<br />
CICS Customer Information Control System (IBM)<br />
CID Charge Injection Device<br />
CID Conference Identifier<br />
CID Configuration, Installation, Distribution<br />
CID Customer Identifier<br />
CIDAS Conversational Interactive Digital Analog Simulator<br />
CIDIF Centre International pour le Developpement de l’Inforoute en Fran<br />
CIDP Computer Industry Development Potential<br />
CIDR Classless Inter/Internet Domain Routing<br />
CIE Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (Farbmodell)<br />
CIELAB Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage LAB (Farbmodell)<br />
CIEXYZ Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage XYZ (Farbmodell)<br />
CIEDS Computer Integrated Electron Design Series<br />
CIF Cell in Frames<br />
CIF Computer Integrated Facilities<br />
CIF Common Intermediate Format<br />
CIF Customer Information Feed<br />
CIFS Common Insecurity Fail Scrutiny<br />
CIFS Common Internet File System (Protocol)<br />
CIIN Corporate Integrated Information Network<br />
CIIR Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Mass.<br />
CIK Crypto-Ignition Key<br />
CIL Common Intermediate Language<br />
CIL Computer Inoperative Limits<br />
CIL Computerintegrierte Logistik<br />
CIM Common Information Model<br />
CIM CompuServe Information Manager<br />
CIM Computer Input Microfilm<br />
CIM Computer Integrated Manufacturing<br />
CIM Custom Install Manager<br />
CINT Call Interception<br />
CIO Central Imagery Office<br />
CIO Chief Information Officer<br />
CIOCS Communication Input/Output Control System (IBM)<br />
CIOS Communication Institute for Online Scholarship<br />
CIP Catalogue Interoperability Protocol<br />
CIP Catalogue/Cataloguing In Publication/Publishing<br />
CIP Classical IP<br />
CIP Command Interface Port
187<br />
CIP Common Indexing Protocol<br />
CIP Common ISDN Access Profile<br />
CIP Compatible Independent Peripherals<br />
CIP Computer Aided Intuition Guided Programming<br />
CIP Computer-Investitionsprogramm des Bundes und der Länder<br />
CIP Concert Internet Plus<br />
CIP Constraint Imperative Programming<br />
CIPA Children’s Internet Protection Act<br />
CIPE Cryptographic Internet Protocol Encapsulation<br />
CIPP Contexts, Input, Processes + Products<br />
CIPR Commission on Intellectual Property Rights<br />
CIPS Canadian Information Processing Society<br />
CIPSO Commercial/Common Internet Protocol Security Option<br />
CIR Classless Interdomain Routing<br />
CIR Committed Information/Interface Rate<br />
CIRC Circular Reference<br />
CIRC Cross Interleaved Reed Solomon Code<br />
CIRSC Cross Interleave Solomon Code<br />
CIS CALEA Implementation Section<br />
CIS Card Information Structure<br />
CIS Cascade Inline Scripting<br />
CIS CASE Integration Services<br />
CIS Center for Internet Security<br />
CIS Client Information Server/System<br />
CIS Compact Image Sensor<br />
CIS Computer Information System<br />
CIS CompuServe Information Service<br />
CIS Computational and Information Sciences<br />
CIS Contact Image Sensor<br />
CIS Computerized Information Service<br />
CIS Customer Information System<br />
CISAC Confederation Internationale des Societes d’Auteurs et Compo<br />
CISAM C-Index Sequential Access Method<br />
CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer/Code<br />
CISE Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directora<br />
CISKA Campus Informationssystem der Universität Karlsruhe<br />
CISPR Comite International Special des Perturbations Radioelectriqu<br />
CIT California Institute of Technology<br />
CIT Communications Improvement Team<br />
CIT Company Integrated Telephony
188ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
CIT Computer Integrated Telephone/Telephony<br />
CITAB Computer Instruction and Training Assistance for the Blind<br />
CITED Copyright In Transmitted Electronic Documents<br />
CITIS Contractor Integrated Technical Information Service<br />
CITSF Commission Internationale de Telegraphie Sans Fil<br />
CIVR Computer and Interactive Voice Response<br />
CIW Certified Internet Webmaster<br />
CIX Central/Commercial Internet Exchange<br />
CIX Compulink Information Exchange<br />
CIX Commercial Internet Exchange (Association)<br />
CJKV Chinese - Japanese - Korean - Vietnamese<br />
CJLI Command Job Language Interpreter<br />
CK Clock<br />
CKD Count Key Data<br />
CKE Clock Enable<br />
CKSM Checksum<br />
CL Closed Loop<br />
CL Computational Linguistics<br />
CL Connectionless Service<br />
CL Control Language<br />
CL Current License<br />
CL Cycle Length<br />
CLAA Carry Look Ahead Adder<br />
CLAG Carry Look Ahead Generator<br />
CLAMS Common Los Alamos Mathematical Software<br />
CLAR Channel Local Address Register<br />
CLASP Computer Language for Aeronautics and Space Programming<br />
CLASS Client Access to Systems and Services<br />
CLASS Custom Local Area Signalling Service<br />
CLB Component Load Balancing<br />
CLC Capacity Limiting Constituents<br />
CLC Clear Carry Flag<br />
CLC Computing Learning Center<br />
CLCC Closed Loop Congestion Control<br />
CLCS Current Logic Current Switching<br />
CLD Clear Direction Flag<br />
CLDATA Cutter Location Data<br />
CLDC Connected Limited Device Configuration<br />
CLDR Common Locale Data Repository<br />
CLE Certified Linux Engineer/Expert
189<br />
CLEC Competitive Local Exchange Carrier<br />
CLEF European Commercial Licensed Evaluation Facilities<br />
CLEO Classified Energy Online (database)<br />
CLF Common Log (File) Format<br />
CLH Command Line History<br />
CLI Call Level Interface<br />
CLI Calling Line Identification<br />
CLI Clear Interrupt (flag)<br />
CLI Client Library Interface<br />
CLI Command Line Interface/Interpreter<br />
CLI Common Language Infrastructure/Interface/Interpreter<br />
CLIB C Library<br />
CLIC Chemnitzer Linux Cluster<br />
CLICS Computer Linked Information for Container Shipping<br />
CLID Calling Line Identification<br />
CLIP Calling Line Identification Presentation<br />
CLIR Calling/Connected Line Identification Restriction<br />
CLIST Command List<br />
CLK Clock<br />
CLL Corel License for Learning<br />
CLLM Consolidated Link Layer Management<br />
CLMP Connectionless-Mode Network Protocol<br />
CLNP Connectionless Network Protocol (OSI)<br />
CLNS Connectionless Mode Network Service<br />
CLO Class Option (LaTeX)<br />
CLOB Character Large Object<br />
CLOE Common LISP Operating Environment<br />
CLOO Reverse Object Oriented Logical Channel<br />
CLOS Common LISP Object System<br />
CLOWN Cluster Of Working Nodes<br />
CLP Cell Loss Payload/Priority<br />
CLP Clipboard<br />
CLP Constraint Logic Programming<br />
CLPPCRE Common Lisp Portable Perl Compatible Regular Expressions<br />
CLR Cell Loss Ratio<br />
CLR Clear<br />
CLR Common Language Runtime<br />
CLR Computer Language Research<br />
CLRTC Clear Real Time Clock<br />
CLS Clear Screen
190ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
CLS Common Language Support<br />
CLS Connectionless Server<br />
CLSID Class Identifier<br />
CLT Communcations Line Terminal<br />
CLT Computer Language Translator<br />
CLTD Clock and Tones Distribution<br />
CLTP Connectionless Transport Protocol (OSI)<br />
CLTS Clear Task Switch Flag<br />
CLTS Connectionless Transport Service<br />
CLTV Constant Linear Time Velocity<br />
CLU Central Logic Unit<br />
CLUF Contrat de Licence Utilisateur Final<br />
CLUI Command Line User Interface<br />
CLUT Colour Look-up Table<br />
CLV Ceiling Limit Value<br />
CLV Constant Linear Velocity<br />
CLW Certified Linux Wizard<br />
CM Central Memory<br />
CM Communications Manager (IBM)<br />
CM Compilation Manager<br />
CM Configuration Management<br />
CM Connection Machine<br />
CM Control Mark<br />
CM Corrective Maintenance<br />
CMA Concert Multi-thread Architecture<br />
CMAK Connection Manager Administration Kit<br />
CMAN Cluster Manager<br />
CMAR Control Memory Address Register<br />
CMB Common Management Bus<br />
CMC Common Mail/Messaging Call<br />
CMC Communication Management Configuration<br />
CMC Complement Carry Flag<br />
CMC Computer Mediated Communication<br />
CMC Construction Maintenance Center<br />
CMD Circuit Mode Data<br />
CMD Command<br />
CMDF C Memo Distribution Facility<br />
CMDS Computer Misuse Detection System<br />
CME Center for Media Education<br />
CME Common Malware Enumeration
191<br />
CME Core Managed Environment<br />
CMF Command File<br />
CMF Creative Music Format<br />
CMGR Campus/Connection Manager<br />
CMH Cross My Heart (Slang)<br />
CMIIW Correct Me If I’m Wrong (Slang)<br />
CMIP Common Management Information Protocol (OSI)<br />
CMIS Common Management Information Services/System<br />
CML Chemical/Commodore Markup Language<br />
CML Conceptual Modelling Language<br />
CML Concurrent Metalanguage<br />
CML Configuration Menu Language<br />
CML Context Modelling Language<br />
CML Current Mode Logic<br />
CMM Capability Maturity Model<br />
CMM Color Management Module<br />
CMM Computerized Measurement Machine<br />
CMMI Capability Maturity Model Integrated<br />
CMML Continuous Media Markup Language<br />
CMMS Computerized Maintenance Management Software<br />
CMMU Cache Memory Management Unit<br />
CMOL CMIP Over LLC<br />
CMOS Coats-Mellon Operational Specification<br />
CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor<br />
CMOT Common Management Information Protocol over TCP/IP<br />
CMOV Conditional Move (and Compare Instructions)<br />
CMP Cellular/Chip-integrated Multi-Processing<br />
CMP Configuration Management Plan<br />
CMPS Compare Word String<br />
CMPT CAPI Message Control Protocol<br />
CMR Cell Misinsertion Rate<br />
CMR Corporate Message Recovery<br />
CMS Call Management Server<br />
CMS Code/Color/Connection/Content Management System<br />
CMS Compiler Monitor System<br />
CMS Content Management System<br />
CMS Conversational Monitor System (IBM)<br />
CMS Cryptographic Message Syntax<br />
CMT Cellular Mobile Telephone<br />
CMT Chip Multi Threading
192ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
CMT Configuration Management Tool<br />
CMT Connection Management<br />
CMTP CAPI Message Transport Protocol<br />
CMTS Cable Modem Termination System<br />
CMU Carnegie-Mellon-University, Pittsburgh, USA<br />
CMVC Configuration Management and Version Control (IBM)<br />
CMW Compartment Mode Workstation<br />
CMX Communication Method SINIX (Siemens)<br />
CMY cyan, magenta, yellow (Farbmodell)<br />
CMYK cyan, magenta, yellow, key/black (Farbmodell)<br />
CN Comfort Noise<br />
CN Corporate Network<br />
CNA Certified NetWare/Network Administrator<br />
CNA Customer Name and Address<br />
CNAME Canonical Name (Record)<br />
CNAPS Co-Processing Node Architecture for Parallel Systems<br />
CNASI Centre for Networked Access to Scholarly Information (Australien<br />
CNB Collective Notebook<br />
CNC Complete Network Centre<br />
CNC Computerized Numerical Control<br />
CND Calling Number Delivery<br />
CND Caldera Network Desktop<br />
CNE Certified NetWare Engineer/Expert (Novell)<br />
CNET Centre National d’Etudes des Telecommunications, Paris<br />
CNF Chomsky Normal Form<br />
CNF Configuration<br />
CNG Calling (tone)<br />
CNG Comfort Noise Generation<br />
CNG Complete No-Good<br />
CNI Centre National d’Informatique<br />
CNI Certified NetWare Instructor (Novell)<br />
CNI Coalition for Networked Information<br />
CNI Communications Network International<br />
CNID Calling Number Identification<br />
CNIDR Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery and Retrieval<br />
CNIL Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertes<br />
CNIP Calling Name Identification Presentation<br />
CNIR Calling/Connected Name Identification Restriction<br />
CNL C Numerical Library<br />
CNM Customer Network Management
193<br />
CNMA Communications Network for Manufacturing Application<br />
CNN Cable News Network<br />
CNN Composite Network Node<br />
CNNIC China Network Imformation Center<br />
CNP Corporate Network Provider<br />
CNR Carrier to Noise Ratio<br />
CNR Communications and Networking Riser<br />
CNR Composite Noise Ratio<br />
CNRI Corporation for National Research Initiatives<br />
CNRP Common Name Resolution Protocol<br />
CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Frankreich)<br />
CNS Color Naming System<br />
CNS Communications Network System<br />
CNSS Core Nodal Switching Subsystem (Internet)<br />
CNT Carbon Nano Tube<br />
CNT Central Networking Testbed<br />
CNX Certified NetWare/Network Expert<br />
CO Call Offer<br />
CO Central Office<br />
CO Chief Operator<br />
CO Command Output<br />
CO Communication Outlet<br />
CO Convert Out<br />
CO Crystal Oscillator<br />
COA Care Of Address<br />
COA Certificate Of Authenticity<br />
COA Compound Online Analytical Processing Architecture<br />
COAM Customer Owned And Maintained<br />
COARA Communication of Oita Amateur Research Association<br />
COAST Card On A Stick<br />
COAST Computer Operations, Audit and Security Technology<br />
COB Chip On Board<br />
COBOL Common Business Oriented Language<br />
COC Coded Optical Character<br />
COCOT Customer Owned Coin Operated Telephone<br />
COD Capacity On Demand<br />
COD Code (list)<br />
CODASYL Committee/Conference on Data System Languages<br />
CODE Client Server Open Development Environment<br />
CODEC Coder/Decoder
194ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
CODEC Compression/Decompression<br />
CODINE Computing in Distributed Networked Environments<br />
CODIT Code Division Testbed<br />
COE Central Office Equipment<br />
COE Common Operating Environment<br />
COEDS Common Event Database System<br />
COEM Commercial Original Equipment Manufacturer<br />
COFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex<br />
COFF Common Object File Format<br />
COGO Coordinate Geometry (Language)<br />
COIN Console Interrupt Request<br />
COINS Computer Output Information System<br />
COL Caldera Open Linux<br />
COL Collision<br />
COL Computer Oriented Language<br />
COLA comp.os.linux.announce (Newsgroup)<br />
COLD Computer Output to Laser Disc<br />
COLL Collision<br />
COLP Connected Line Identification Presentation<br />
COLR Connected Line Identification Restriction<br />
COLT Communications Line Terminator<br />
COLT Computer Oriented Language Translator<br />
COLT Control Language Translator<br />
COM Command<br />
COM commercial; Internet-Domain: Firmen in USA<br />
COM Common/Component Object Model<br />
COM Communication<br />
COM Component Object Model<br />
COM Computer Output Microfilm<br />
COM Continuation Of Message<br />
COMAL Common Algorithmic Language<br />
COMDEX Computer Dealers’ Exposition<br />
COMET Cornell Macintosh Terminal Emulator<br />
COMHED Common Header<br />
COMINT Communications Intelligence<br />
COMM Communications<br />
COMMS Customer Oriented Manaufacturing Management System<br />
COMP Compare<br />
COMPACT Computer Planning and Control Technique<br />
COMPSAC International Computer Software and Applications Conference
195<br />
COMSAT Communications Satellite Corporation<br />
COMSEC Communications Security<br />
COMSL Communications System Simulation Language<br />
COMSOAL Computer Method of Sequencing Operations for Assembly Lin<br />
COMTRAN Commercial Translator (IBM)<br />
CON Console<br />
COND Condition<br />
CONF Conference, Configuration<br />
CONP Connected Name Identification Presentation<br />
CONP Connection Oriented Network Protocol<br />
CONS Connection Oriented Network Service<br />
CONTU Commission On New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Work<br />
COO Chief Operating Officer<br />
COOL Control Oriented Language<br />
COP Constrained Optimization Problem<br />
COP CPU Overheating Protection<br />
COPA Child Online Protection Act<br />
COPE Communications Opportunity, Promotion and Enhancement (A<br />
COPE Computer Performance Evaluation<br />
COPICS Communications Oriented Production Information and Contro<br />
COPS Common Open Policy Service<br />
COPS Computer Oracle and Password System<br />
COR Common Object Runtime<br />
CORAL Computer Online Real-Time Applications Language<br />
CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture<br />
CORE Common Runtime Environment<br />
CORE Council of Registrars (Internet)<br />
CORNET Corporate ISDN Network Protocol<br />
COS Card/Cray Operating System<br />
COS Class of Service<br />
COS Compatible Operation System<br />
COS Complementary Switching<br />
COS Corporation for Open Systems (OSI)<br />
COS Custom Order Specification<br />
COSE Combined Office Standard Environment<br />
COSE Common Open Software/Systems Environment<br />
COSINE Cooperation for OSI Networking in Europe<br />
COSMIC Computer Software Management and Information Center (NA<br />
COSMOS Complementary Symmetric Metal Oxide Semiconductor<br />
COSMOS Computer Oriented System for Management Order Synthesis
196ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
COSMOS Computer System for Mainframe Operations<br />
COSN Consortium for School Networking<br />
COSO Charge One Site Only<br />
COSPAS Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poiska Avariynich Sudov<br />
COSS Common Object Services Specification<br />
COSY Conferencing System<br />
COT Customer Owned Tooling<br />
COTK Control Track<br />
COTS Coin Operated Telephone System<br />
COTS Commercial Off The Shelf (software)<br />
COTS Commodity Off The Shelf (Cluster)<br />
COTS Connection Oriented Transport Service<br />
COVE Code Verification<br />
COW Copy On Write<br />
COW Cluster Of Workstations<br />
CP Call Pay<br />
CP Card Punch<br />
CP Central/Communications/Customized Processor<br />
CP Check/Control Point<br />
CP Choke Packet<br />
CP Circuit Package<br />
CP Code Page<br />
CP Complete Partitioning<br />
CP Computer Professional<br />
CP Conducting Polymer<br />
CP Contention Procedure<br />
CP Continuous Path<br />
CP Constraint Programming<br />
CP Control Program<br />
CP Copy Protected<br />
CPA Certified Public Accountant<br />
CPA Closest Point of Approach<br />
CPA Code Parasite Autopropageable<br />
CPA Cost Per Action<br />
CPA Critical Path Analysis<br />
CPAN Comprehensive Perl Archive Network<br />
CPBX Computerized Private Branch Exchange<br />
CPC Card Programmable Calculator (IBM)<br />
CPC Computer Process Control<br />
CPC Constant Point Calculation
197<br />
CPC Cost Per Click<br />
CPCS Check Processing Control System<br />
CPCS Common Part Convergence Sublayer<br />
CPD Constructive Page Description<br />
CPE Central Processing Element<br />
CPE Computer Performance Evaluation<br />
CPE Customer Provided/Premises Equipment<br />
CPFR Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment<br />
CPFSK Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying<br />
CPG Central Pattern Generator<br />
CPG Clock Pulse Generator<br />
CPG COSINE Policy Group<br />
CPI characters per inch<br />
CPI Clocks Per Instruction<br />
CPI Code Page Information<br />
CPI Common Part Indication<br />
CPI Common Programming Interface (IBM)<br />
CPI Cost Performamce Index<br />
CPIC Common Programming Interface for Communications (IBM)<br />
CPIM Common Presence and Instant Messaging<br />
CPL Call Processing Language (Telecom)<br />
CPL Characters Per Line (cpl)<br />
CPL Combined Programming Language<br />
CPL Common Public License<br />
CPL Control Panel Library (Microsoft)<br />
CPL Current Privilege Level<br />
CPL Cyberathlete Professional League<br />
CPLD CMOS Programmable Logic Device<br />
CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Device<br />
CP/M Control Programm for Microcomputers (DEC)<br />
CPM Control Programm for Microcomputers (DEC)<br />
CPM Colliding Pulse Mode<br />
CPM Computer Program Protection Manager<br />
CPM Corporate Performance Management<br />
CPM Critical Path Method<br />
CPM Cryptography Provider Manager<br />
CPN Conditional Pathname<br />
CPN Customer Premises Network<br />
CPO Certified Project Officer<br />
CPO Chief Privacy Officer
198ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
CPP Corporate Preview Program<br />
CPPM Computer Protection Program Manager<br />
CPPM Content Protection for Prerecorded Media<br />
CPPS Critical Path Planning and Scheduling<br />
CPRM Content Protection for Recordable Media<br />
CPS Certification Practice Statement<br />
CPS Constraint Parameter Set<br />
CPS Continuation Passing Style<br />
CPS Critical Path Scheduling<br />
CPS cycles/characters per second<br />
CPSA Consumer Product Safety Act<br />
CPSC Consumer Product Safety Commission<br />
CPSI Configurable Post Script Interpreter<br />
CPSR Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility<br />
CPST Control Point Spanning Tree<br />
CPT Command Pass Thru<br />
CPT Common Point of Trust<br />
CPT COSINE Project Management Team<br />
CPT Critical Path Technique<br />
CPTWG Copyright Protection Technical Working Group<br />
CPU Central Processing Unit<br />
CPV Cold Process Verification<br />
CPW Commercial Processing Workload<br />
CQL Channel Queue Limit<br />
CQM Class Queue Management<br />
CQP Corpus Query Processor<br />
CR Cambridge Ring<br />
CR Carriage Return<br />
CR Core (Network) Router<br />
CR Cray Research, Inc.<br />
C/R Command Response<br />
CRAM Card Random Access Memory<br />
CRAM Challenge Response Authentication Mechanism<br />
CRAM Cyberspatial Reality Advancement Movement<br />
CRC Class, Responsibility, Collaboration/Collaborators<br />
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check<br />
CRCG Fraunhofer Center for Research in Computer Graphics<br />
CRCW Concurrent Read, Concurrent Write (PRAM)<br />
CRD Color Rendering Dictionary<br />
CRD Creation Revision Deletion (request)
199<br />
CREN Corporation/Computer Research Education/Educational Netw<br />
CREW Compact for Responsive Electronic Writing<br />
CREW Concurrent Read, Exclusive Write (PRAM)<br />
CRF Cable Retransmission Facility<br />
CRF Cross Reference File<br />
CRI Colour Reproduction Indices<br />
CRIM Centre de Recherche Informatique de Montreal<br />
CRIMM Continuity RIMM<br />
CRISP Complex Reduced Instruction Set Processor<br />
CRL Certificate Revocation List<br />
CRL Compile-time Reconfigurable Logic<br />
CR/LF Carriage Return/Line Feed<br />
CRM Communications + Records Management<br />
CRM Customer Relationship Management<br />
CROM Control Read Only Memory<br />
CRPC Center for Research on Parallel Computation<br />
CRR Change Request Reply<br />
CRS Cell Relay Service<br />
CRS Computer Reservation System<br />
CRSAB Centralized Repair Service Answering Bureau<br />
CRT Cathode Ray Tube<br />
CRT Chinese Remainder Theorem<br />
CRTC Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commiss<br />
CRTC Cathode Ray Tube Controller<br />
CRTM Core Root of Trusted Module<br />
CRU Comite Reseau des Universites<br />
CRU Computer Resource Unit<br />
CRU Customer Replaceable Unit<br />
CRUD Create, Read, Update, and Delete<br />
CRV Code Rule Violation<br />
CS Cable/Card/Chip Select<br />
CS Call Sign<br />
CS Card Service<br />
CS Chip Select<br />
CS Circuit Switching<br />
CS Clear Screen<br />
CS Clear to Send<br />
CS Client/Server<br />
CS Code Segment<br />
CS Coding Scheme
200ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
CS Communications Satellite/System<br />
CS Computer Science<br />
CS Continuous Servo<br />
CS Convergence Sublayer<br />
CS Correspondence System<br />
CS-ACELP Conjugate Structure Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction<br />
CS1 Capability Set 1<br />
CS80 Command Set 80 (Hewlett-Packard)<br />
CSA Calendaring and Scheduling API<br />
CSA Call Path Service Architecture<br />
CSA Communications Streaming Architecture<br />
CSA Comprehensive System Accounting<br />
CSA Conseil Superieur de l’Audiovisuel<br />
CSA Cyber Security Agency, EU<br />
CSAR Channel System Address Register<br />
CSB Channel Status Byte<br />
CSC Center for Scientific Computing<br />
CSC COSPAS-SARSAT-Council<br />
CSCR Consortium for Slow Commotion Research<br />
CSCW Computer Supported Cooperative/Collaborative Work<br />
CSD Circuit Switched Data<br />
CSD Cold Shutdown<br />
CSD Computer Services Department<br />
CSD Corrective Service Disk/Diskette (IBM)<br />
CSDC Code Segment Descriptor Cache<br />
CSDGM Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata<br />
CSDN Circuit Switched Data/Digital Network<br />
CSDS Circuit Switched Data Service<br />
CSE Certified System Engineer<br />
CSE Customer Support Engineer<br />
CSE Common Subexpression Elimination<br />
CSEA Cyber Security Enhancement Act<br />
CSF Compagnie Sans Fil<br />
CSF Content Sealed Format<br />
CSFI Communication Subsystem For Interconnection<br />
CSG Constructive Solid Geometry<br />
CSG Consulting Services Group<br />
CSI Code Sequence Identification<br />
CSI Command Sequence Introducer<br />
CSI Common Synchronous/System Interface
201<br />
CSI Computer Security Institute, San Francisco, USA<br />
CSIC Computer System Interface Circuit<br />
CSIC Customer Specific Integrated Circuit<br />
CSID Called Subscriber Identifier/Identification<br />
CSID Calling Station Identifier<br />
CSIP Compressed Sources IBM PC<br />
CSIP Corporate Stable Image Platform<br />
CSIRT Computer Security Incident Response Team<br />
CSL Computation Structures Language<br />
CSL Computer/Context Sensitive Language<br />
CSLIP Compressed Serial Line Interface Protocol<br />
CSM Compatibility Support Module<br />
CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance<br />
CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection<br />
CSMA/CE Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Elimination<br />
CSMP Continuous System Modelling Program<br />
CSMS Customer Support Management System<br />
CSN Card Select Number<br />
CSN Circuit Switched Network<br />
CSN Customer Service Number<br />
CSNET Computer and Science Network, USA<br />
CSO Central Services Organization<br />
CSP Certified Systems Professional<br />
CSP Chip Scale/Size Packaging<br />
CSP Commercial Service Provider<br />
CSP Commercial Subroutine Package<br />
CSP Communicating Sequential Process/Processes<br />
CSP CompuCom Speed Protocol<br />
CSP Constraint Satisfaction Problem<br />
CSP Cross System Product<br />
CSP Cryptographic Service Provider<br />
CSPDN Circuit Switched Public Data Network<br />
CSPDU Convergence Sublayer Protocol Data Unit<br />
CSPLA Conseil superieur de la Propriete Litteraire et Artistique<br />
CSPP Computer Systems Policy Project<br />
CSPWG Computer Security Policy Working Group<br />
CSR Cell Switch Router<br />
CSR Control and Status Register Management<br />
CSR Customer Service Record<br />
CSRAM Custom Static Random Access Memory
202ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
CSRC Computer Security Resource Center<br />
CSRF Cross Site Request Forgery<br />
CSRG (Austin) Common Standards Revision Group<br />
CSRG Computer Systems Research Group (Berkeley)<br />
CSS Cascaded/Cascading Style Sheet<br />
CSS Centralized Structure Store<br />
CSS Chirp Spread Spectrum<br />
CSS Client-Server-System<br />
CSS Code Storage Segment<br />
CSS Coded Switch Set<br />
CSS Computer Scheduling System<br />
CSS Computer Subsystem<br />
CSS Content Scrambling System<br />
CSS Continuous System Simulator<br />
CSS Core System Software<br />
CSS Critical Systems Support<br />
CSS Cross Site Scripting<br />
CSSD Cloneproof Schwartz Sequential Dropping<br />
CSSL Continuous System Simulation Language<br />
CSSM Client Server Systems Management<br />
CSSM Computer Security Site Manager<br />
CSSO Computer System Security Officer<br />
CSSP Cascading Style Sheet Positioning<br />
CSSSP Common Sparse Spectral Spatial Pattern<br />
CSTA Computer Supported Telephony Application<br />
CSTAC Computer Systems Technical Advisory Committee<br />
CSTB Computer Science + Technology Board<br />
CSTR Computing Science Technical Report<br />
CSTS Computer Supported Telecommunication/Telephony Standard<br />
CSU Channel Service/Switching Unit<br />
CSU Control and Service Unit<br />
CSV Certified Server Validation<br />
CSV Circuit Switched Voice<br />
CSV Client SMTP Verification<br />
CSV Comma Separated Values/Variables<br />
CSW Channel Status Word<br />
CSZ Clark, Shenker, Zhang (algorithm)<br />
CT Call Transfer<br />
CT Chipcard Terminal<br />
CT Clock Time
203<br />
CT Computer Technik/Telephony/Tomography<br />
CT Controller<br />
CT Cordless Telephone<br />
CT Cut Through<br />
CTAN Comprehensive TeX Archive Network<br />
CTB Cipher Type Byte<br />
CTB Communication Toolbox (Apple)<br />
CTB Computer Based Training<br />
CTC Channel To Channel<br />
CTC Cornell Theory Center<br />
CTC Counter Timer Chip<br />
CTCP Client To Client Protocol<br />
CTCPEC Canadian Trusted Computer Product Evaluation Criteria<br />
CTCSS Continuous Tone Coded/Controlled Squelch System<br />
CTD Cell Transfer Delay<br />
CTDB Clustered Trivial Data Base<br />
CTDB Compact Terrain Data Base<br />
CTEA Copyright Term Extension Act<br />
CTES Cell Technology Evaluation System<br />
CTF Common Trace Facility<br />
CTF Contrast Transfer Function<br />
CTI Computational Testbed for Industry<br />
CTI Computer Telephony Integration<br />
CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association<br />
CTL Complementary Transistor Logic<br />
CTL Complex Text Layout<br />
CTL Corel Transactional Licensing<br />
CTL CTSS Command Language Controller<br />
CTM Clock and Tone Module<br />
CTM Cordless Terminal Mobility<br />
CTN Corporate Telecommunication Network<br />
CTO Chief Technical/Technology Officer/Offices<br />
CTOS Cassette Tape Operating System<br />
CTOS Corporate Telecommunications and Office Systems<br />
CTP Community Technology Preview<br />
CTP Composite Theoretical Performance<br />
CTP Computer To Plate<br />
CTP Cordless Telephony Profile<br />
CTPA Coax to Twisted Pair Adapter<br />
CTR Cable Throw Replacement
204ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
CTR Center for Telecommunications Research, Columbia U.<br />
CTR Common Technical Regulations<br />
CTR Computing Tabulating Recording (Corporation)<br />
CTR Counter<br />
CTR Current Transfer Ratio<br />
CTRCO Calculating Tabulating Recording Corporation<br />
CTRL Control<br />
CTS Clear To Send<br />
CTS Common Transport Semantics<br />
CTS Common Type System<br />
CTS Computer Telephony Solution<br />
CTS (EC) Conformance Testing Services<br />
CTS Courier Time Server<br />
CTS Customer Telephone System<br />
CTSS Compatible/Cray Time-Sharing System<br />
CTY Console Teletype<br />
CU Control Unit<br />
CU Customer Use<br />
CU See You (Slang)<br />
CU2 See You, Too (Slang)<br />
CUA Common User Access (IBM)<br />
CUA Commonly Used Acronym<br />
CUA Computer Users Association<br />
CUB Cursor Backward<br />
CUCN Communication Controller Node<br />
CUD Cursor Down<br />
CUDA Compute Unified Device Architecture<br />
CUE Custom Updates and Extras<br />
CUF Cursor Forward<br />
CUG Closed/Closet User Group<br />
CUI Captive/Common/Consistent User Interface<br />
CUI Character/Character-oriented User Interface<br />
CUL See You Later (Slang)<br />
CUNY City University of New York<br />
CUOD Central Unit on Demand<br />
CUP Communications User Program<br />
CUP Competitive Upgrade<br />
CUP Cursor Position<br />
CUPID Completely Universal Processor Input/Output Design<br />
CUPS Common UNIX Printing System
205<br />
CURL Cambridge University Robot Language<br />
CUSI Configurable Unified Search Index<br />
CUSIP Committee for Uniform Security Identification Procedures, US<br />
CUSP Customer Programming Language<br />
CUSSNET Computer Use in Social Sciences Network<br />
CUT Control Unit Terminal<br />
CUTE Clarkston University Terminal Emulator<br />
CUU Computerunterstützter Unterricht<br />
CUU Cursor Up<br />
CVD ClamAV Virus Database<br />
CVD Compact Video Disk<br />
CVE Collaborative Virtual Environment<br />
CVE Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures<br />
CVF Compressed VFAT<br />
CVF Compressed Volume File<br />
CVGA Color Video Graphics Array<br />
CVIA Computer Virus Industry Association<br />
CVN Credit Card Validation Number<br />
CVP Collaborative Virtual Prototyping<br />
CVS Computer Vision Syndrome<br />
CVS Concurrent Versions System<br />
CVSD Continuous Variable Slope Delta (Modulation)<br />
CVT Convert<br />
CVT Coordinated Video Timings (VESA)<br />
CVW CodeView for Windows (Microsoft)<br />
CVW Collaborative Virtual Workspace (License)<br />
CW Call Waiting<br />
CW Continuous Wave<br />
CW Control Word<br />
CWA Competitive Web Analysis<br />
CWI Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica, Amsterdam<br />
CWIS Campus/Community Wide Information Service/System (Intern<br />
CWP Communication Word Processor<br />
CWS Congestion Window Setting<br />
CXFS SGI Clustered Extended File System<br />
CXI Common X Interface<br />
CXML Commerce Extensible Markup Language<br />
CYA Cover Your Ass (Slang)<br />
CYK Cocke-Younger-Kasami (-Algorithmus)<br />
CYL Cylinder
206ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
CYL See You Later (Slang)<br />
CYMK Cyan Yellow Magenta Key/Black (Farbmodell)<br />
D Daemon, Data, Deutsch, Digital, Direct, Document, Double<br />
D Datenleitung<br />
D2C Digital To Character<br />
D2PC Dynamic Two Phase Commitment<br />
D2T2 Dye Diffusion Thermal Transfer (Drucker)<br />
D64S ISDN-Festverbindung 64 kbit/s<br />
DA Destination Address<br />
DA Digital/Analog, D/A<br />
DA Direct Access<br />
DA Destination Address<br />
DAA Data Access Arrangement<br />
DAA Decimal Adjust for Addition<br />
DAA Detect and Avoid Algorithm<br />
DAA Digest Access Authentication<br />
DAA Dynamic Adaptive Acknowledgment<br />
DAB Daten-Autobahn<br />
DAB Digital Audio Broadcast/Broadcasting<br />
DAB Direct Access Buffer<br />
DAC Data Acquisition and Control<br />
DAC Daily Administrative Check<br />
DAC Design Automation Conference<br />
DAC Device Access Code<br />
DAC Digital-Analog-Converter<br />
DAC Digital Audio Copy<br />
DAC Discretionary Access Control<br />
DAC Distributed Academic Computing<br />
DAC Dual Attached/Attachment Component/Concentrator<br />
DACD Directory Access Control Domain<br />
DACK DMA Acknowledge<br />
DACL Discretionary Access Control List (Microsoft)<br />
DACS Data Acquisition Control System<br />
DACS Data and Analysis Center for Software, DoD, USA<br />
DACS Digital Access and Cross-connect System<br />
DACT Data Compression Technology<br />
DACTLU Deactivate Logical Unit<br />
DAD Desktop Application Director
207<br />
DAD Duplicate Address Detection<br />
DAE Datenaufnahmeeinheit<br />
DAE Differential-algebraic Equation<br />
DAE Digital Audio Extraction<br />
DAF Destination Address Field<br />
DAF Deutsche-Arbeitsfront-Empfänger<br />
DAG Directed Acyclic Graph<br />
DAG Direktrufnetzabschlussgerät<br />
DAGM Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mustererkennung<br />
DAI Distributed Artificial Intelligence<br />
DAK Diagnose-Kanal<br />
DAKfCBNF Deutscher Arbeitskreis für CB- und Notfunk<br />
DAKS Dateikatalogsystem<br />
DAL Data Access Language/Layer<br />
DAL Dedicated Access Line<br />
DAL Disk Access Lockout<br />
DAM Data Acquisition and Monitoring<br />
DAM Debian Account Manager<br />
DAM Digital Asset Management<br />
DAM Digital Audio Monitor<br />
DAM Direct Access Method<br />
DAMA Demand Assigned Multiple Access<br />
DAML DARPA/Distributed Agent Markup Language<br />
DAML Digital Archives Markup Language<br />
DAMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service<br />
DAN Domestic/Desk Area Network<br />
DANCC Domestic Area Network Coordination Centre<br />
DANTE Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe<br />
DANZKO Datennetzkoordinator<br />
DAO Data Access Object<br />
DAO Disk At Once<br />
DAP Data Access Protocol (DEC)<br />
DAP Data Archiving Process<br />
DAP Developer Assistance Program<br />
DAP Directory Access Protocol<br />
DAP Division Advisory Panel (NSF)<br />
DAP Document Application Profile<br />
DAP Dynamic Application Partitioning<br />
DAPC Data Acquisition and Process Control<br />
DAPI Desktop Application Programming Interface
208ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
DAPIE Developers’ Application Programming Interface Extensions<br />
DAR Datenausgabe-Register<br />
DAR Digital Audio Radio<br />
DAR Display Aspect Ratio<br />
DAR Dynamic Adaptive Routing<br />
DARC Data Radio Channel<br />
DARC Deutscher Amateur-Radio Club<br />
DARI Database Application Remote Interface (IBM)<br />
DARMS Digital Alternate Realization of Musical Symbols<br />
DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, USA<br />
DART Dexterous Anthropomorphic Robotic Testbed<br />
DART Digital Audio Reconstruction Technology<br />
DAS Data Acquisition Subsystem/System<br />
DAS Datenausgabe-Steuerung<br />
DAS Decimal Adjust for Subtraction<br />
DAS Digital Analysis System<br />
DAS Direct Attached Storage<br />
DAS Dual Attached/Attachment Station (FDDI)<br />
DASAT Datenübertragung via Satellit<br />
DASD Direct Access Storage Device<br />
DASH Digital Audio Stationary Head<br />
DASL DAV Search and Locate<br />
DASP Data Administration Strategic Plan<br />
DASP Data Analysis Statistics and Probability<br />
DASP Deliver Automated Solutions Process<br />
DASP Drive active – Slave present<br />
DASP Dynamic Adaptive Speculative Preprocessor<br />
DASS Direct Access Secondary Storage<br />
DASS Ditributed Authentication Security Service<br />
DAST Datenaustausch-Steuerung<br />
DAT Digital Audio Tape<br />
DAT Disk Array Technology<br />
DATACOM Data Communications<br />
DATC Drake Authorized Testing Center (Novell)<br />
DATEL Data Telecommunication<br />
DATEV Datenverarbeitungsorganisation der steuerberatenden Berufe<br />
DATEX-J Data Exchange for Jedermann<br />
DATEX-L Data Exchange by Lines (leitungsvermittelt)<br />
DATEX-M Data Exchange Multi-Megabit<br />
DATEX-P Data Exchange in Packages (paketvermittelt)
209<br />
DATV Digital Amateur Television<br />
DAU Digitaler Alarmumsetzer<br />
DAU Digital Announcement Unit<br />
DAU Dümmster Anzunehmender User (Slang)<br />
DAU Dynamische Adress-Umsetzung<br />
DAV Data Available<br />
DAV Digital Audio Video<br />
DAV Distributed Authoring and Versioning<br />
DAVACS DoE Automated Visitor Access Control System<br />
DAVIC Digital Audio Video Council<br />
DAVID Digital Audio Video Interactive Decoder<br />
DAWG Directed Acyclic Word Graph<br />
DB Data Base/Buffer<br />
DB Device Bay<br />
DB Dynamic Backtracking<br />
DBA Database Access/Agent/Administrator<br />
DBB Detect Before Break<br />
DBBS Database Baby Sitter (DBA)<br />
DBBS Dynamic Bass Boost System<br />
DBC Data Bus Controller<br />
DBC Device Bay Controller<br />
DBCES Dynamic Bandwidth Utilization in 64 kBit/s Time Slot Trunki<br />
DBCS Delivery Bar Code Sorter<br />
DBCS Double-Byte Character Set<br />
DBE Data Base Engine<br />
DBFS Data Base File System<br />
DBH Data Base Handler<br />
DBI Data Base Interface (Class)<br />
DBIC Dezibel Isometric Circular<br />
DBLP Digital Bibliography + Library Project<br />
DBM Data Base Manager<br />
DBM Dezibel per Milliwatt<br />
DBML Data Base Markup Language<br />
DBMS Data Base Management System<br />
DBP Deutsche Bundespost<br />
DBPSK Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying<br />
DBQ Data Base Query<br />
DBQ Data/Document Based Question<br />
DBR Deterministic Bit Rate<br />
DBR DOS Boot Record
210ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
DBS Data Base Server/System<br />
DBS Debian Build System<br />
DBS Demand Based Switching<br />
DBS Deutscher Bildungsserver<br />
DBS Direct Broadcast/Broadcasting Satellite/System<br />
DBT Dynamic Backtracking<br />
DBV Deutsches Bücherverzeichnis<br />
DBV Digital Broadcast Video<br />
DBWR Database Writer<br />
DBX Debugger for UNIX<br />
DC Data Collection/Communication/Compression/Control<br />
DC Design Change<br />
DC Device Context (Microsoft)<br />
DC Device/Domain Control<br />
DC Direct Connect/Current<br />
DC Distributed Computing<br />
DC Distribution Center<br />
DC Domain Controller<br />
DC Dublin Core (Metadata Element Set)<br />
DC Duck + Cover (Slang)<br />
DCA Data Center Administration<br />
DCA Defense Communications Agency, USA<br />
DCA Digital Computer Association<br />
DCA Distributed Communications Architecture<br />
DCA Document Content Architecture<br />
DCAF Distributed Console Access Facility (IBM)<br />
DCAM Data Communication Access Method<br />
DCAM Digital Camera<br />
DCAM Direct Chip Attach Module<br />
DCB Data/Device Control Block<br />
DCB Disk Coprocessor Board (Novell)<br />
DCC Data Communication Channel<br />
DCC Data Country Code<br />
DCC Debian Core Consortium<br />
DCC DCC Common Core (Alliance)<br />
DCC Department Computer Coordinator<br />
DCC Differential Chain Code<br />
DCC Digital Command Control<br />
DCC Digital Compact Cassette<br />
DCC Digital Content Creation
DCC Direct Cable/Client Connection<br />
DCC Direct Client to Client<br />
DCC Display Combination Code<br />
DCC Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse<br />
DCCA Distributed Component Computing Architecture<br />
DCCH Dedicated Control Channel<br />
DCCP Data Communications Control Procedure<br />
DCCP Datagram Congestion Control Protocol<br />
DCCP Digital Computer Control Panel<br />
DCCP Display Control Computer Program<br />
DCCP Dublin Core Community Profile<br />
DCCP Dynamic Content Caching Protocol<br />
DCCS Distributed Capability Computing System<br />
DCD Data Carrier Detect<br />
DCE Data Circuit/Communication Equipment<br />
DCE Data Circuit-Termination Equipment<br />
DCE Data Collection Engine<br />
DCE Digital Communications Experiment<br />
DCE Distributed Computing Environment (OSF)<br />
DCF Data Communication Facility (IBM)<br />
DCF Data Compression Facility<br />
DCF Data Count Field<br />
DCF Design rule for Camera File systems<br />
DCF Disengage Confirmation<br />
DCF Distributed Coordination Function<br />
DCF Document Composition Facility<br />
DCF Driver Configuration File<br />
DCFL Deterministic Context Free Language<br />
DCFL Direct Coupled FET Logic<br />
DCI Digital Cinema Initiatives<br />
DCI Display Control Interface<br />
DCL Data Center Linux<br />
DCL Data Control Language (SQL)<br />
DCL DEC Command Language<br />
DCL Declaration<br />
DCL Device Clear<br />
DCL Digital Command Language (DEC)<br />
DCL Disc Change Line<br />
DCLZ Data Compression Lempel Ziv<br />
DCM Data Communication Method/Multiplexer<br />
211
212ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
DCM Digital Content Management<br />
DCM Distributed Computing Model<br />
DCM Dual chip Module<br />
DCME Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment<br />
DCMI Dublin Core Metadata Initiative<br />
DCML Dynamic Configuration Markup Language<br />
DCNA Data Communications Network Architecture<br />
DCOM Data Communication processor<br />
DCOM Distributed Component Object Model<br />
DCOP Desktop Communications Protocol (KDE)<br />
DCP Data Collecting Platform<br />
DCP Device Control Protocol<br />
DCP Digital Cinema Package<br />
DCS Data Collection/Control System<br />
DCS Defined Context Set<br />
DCS Desktop Colour Separation<br />
DCS Diagnostic Communication System<br />
DCS Digital Cellular (Telecommunication) System<br />
DCS Distributed Computing/Control System<br />
DCS Dynamic Channel Selection<br />
DCSP Dynamic Constraint Satisfaction Problem<br />
DCT Database Configuration Tool<br />
DCT Digital Cellular Telephone<br />
DCT Digital Core Technology<br />
DCT Discrete Cosine Transform/Transformation<br />
DCTL Direct Coupled Transistor Logic<br />
DCTP Developmental Certification Test Plan<br />
DCU Data Cache Unit<br />
DCV Destination Coded Vehicle<br />
DD Data Definition/Deliverable<br />
DD Debian Developer<br />
DD Digital Data/Display<br />
DD Double Density<br />
DDA Deutsche Daten-Autobahn<br />
DDA Digital Differential Analyzer<br />
DDA Distributed Data Access<br />
DDA Distributed Database Architecture<br />
DDA Document Description Architecture<br />
DDA Domain Defined Attribute<br />
DDA DRAM Development Alliance
213<br />
DDB Device Dependent Bitmap<br />
DDB Device Descriptor Block<br />
DDB Dynamic Delayed Broadcasting<br />
DDBAC Data Design HBCI Banking Apllication Components<br />
DDBMS Distributed Data Base Management System<br />
DDC Dewey Decimal Classification<br />
DDC Digital/Display Data Channel<br />
DDC Direct Digital Control<br />
DDC Distributed Data Coupling<br />
DDC Dual Die Chip<br />
DDC Dynamic Data Center<br />
DDC1 Display Data Channel One<br />
DDCMP Digital Data Communication Message Protocol (DEC)<br />
DDCS Distributed Database Connection Services (IBM)<br />
DDD Direct Distance Dialing<br />
DDDB Display Device Data Block<br />
DDE Direct Data Entry<br />
DDE Distributed Debugging Environment<br />
DDE Dynamic Data Exchange<br />
DDEML Dynamic Data Exchange Manager Library (Microsoft)<br />
DDES Double Data Encryption Standard<br />
DDF Dynamic Data Formatting<br />
DDFA Data Communications and Terminal Controller Device File Ac<br />
DDH Distributed Document Handling<br />
DDI Device Driver Interface<br />
DDI Digital Document Interchange<br />
DDI Direct Dial/Dialling In<br />
DDIF Digital Document Interchange Format<br />
DDK Device Driver Kit (Microsoft)<br />
DDK Driver Development Kit<br />
DDL Data Definition/Description Language<br />
DDL Display/Document Description Language<br />
DDM Distributed Data Manager/Management<br />
DDN Defense Data Network, USA<br />
DDNS Dynamic Domain Name System<br />
DDOS Distributed Denial Of Service<br />
DDP Datagram Delivery Protocol<br />
DDP Debian Documentation Project<br />
DDP Distributed Data Processing<br />
DDR Double Data Rate
214ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
DDR Dynamic Document Review<br />
DDS Data Description Specification<br />
DDS Data Distribution Service<br />
DDS Dataphone Digital Service (AT&T)<br />
DDS Delegation Discovery System<br />
DDS Design Data Sheet<br />
DDS DFN Directory Services<br />
DDS Digital/Distributed Data Service/Storage<br />
DDS Digital Direct Synthesis<br />
DDS Direct Digital Service/Synthesis<br />
DDS Direkte digitale (Frequenz-)Synthese<br />
DDS Disk Definition Structure<br />
DDS Distributed Database Services<br />
DDT Dynamic Debugging Tool<br />
DDTA Digital Distributed Transaction Architecture<br />
DDV Datendirektverbindung<br />
DDV DES DES Verfahren<br />
DDV Dialog Data Validation<br />
DDVT Dynamic Dispatch Virtual Tables<br />
DDX Digital Data Exchange<br />
DDXP Digital Data Exchange, Packet-switching Network<br />
DE Datenentstörung<br />
DE Debugging Extensions<br />
DE Device End<br />
DE Discard Eligible<br />
DE Document Engineering<br />
DE Double Ended<br />
DEA Data Encryption Algorithm<br />
DEA Deterministischer Endlicher Automat<br />
DEA Disposable Email Address<br />
DEARN Deutsches EARN<br />
DEBI Direct Memory Access Extended Bus Interface<br />
DEC Decrement<br />
DEC Device Clear<br />
DEC Digital Equipment Corporation<br />
DECNET Digital Equipment Corporation Networking (protocol)<br />
DECT Digital European Cordless Telecommunication<br />
DECUS DEC Users Society<br />
DED Darkness Emitting Diode<br />
DEE Datenendeinheit/-einrichtung (= DTE)
215<br />
DEF Data Exchange Format<br />
DEF Default<br />
DEF Destination Element Field<br />
DEF Desktop Functional Equivalent<br />
DEFOMA Debian Font Manager<br />
DEG Datenendgerät<br />
DEISA Distributed European Infrastructure for Supercomputing App<br />
DEK Data Encryption Key<br />
DEK Dateneingabekanal<br />
DEL Decode Encode Language<br />
DEL Delete<br />
DELTA Developing European Learning Through Technology Advance<br />
DELUG Deutsche LINUX User Group<br />
DEM Digital Elevation Model<br />
DEMA Decoupled Multiuser Acquisition<br />
DEMA Differential Electromagnetic Analysis<br />
DEMTS Digital and Electronic Maps Transfer Standard<br />
DEN Directory/Document Enabled Networking/Networks<br />
DENIC Deutsches Network Information Center<br />
DEOS Distributed External Object Store<br />
DEP Data Execution Prevention/Protection<br />
DEPP Distributed Enhanced Programming Policy<br />
DER Dateneingaberegister<br />
DER Distinguished Encoding Rules<br />
DES Data Encryption Standard<br />
DES Data Entry Sheet<br />
DES Dateneingabesteuerung<br />
DES Dynamic Energy Saver<br />
DESY Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg<br />
DET Device Execute Trigger<br />
DEV Development<br />
DEV Device<br />
DEV Device Exclusion Vector<br />
DEVO Datenerfassungsverordnung<br />
DF Data/Destination Field/Form<br />
DF Default<br />
DF Device/Double Flag<br />
DFA Deterministic Finite Automaton<br />
DFB Distributed Feedback (-Laser)<br />
DFBI Depth First Begin Index
216ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
DFC Data Flow Control<br />
DFCE Defense Control Element<br />
DFD Datenanwendung für Dritte<br />
DFD Datenflussdiagramm, Data Flow Diagram<br />
DFD Deutsches Fernerkundungs-Datenzentrum<br />
DFDR Digital Flight Data Recorder<br />
DFEI Depth First End Index<br />
DFG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft<br />
DFKI Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz, Kaisers<br />
DFM Design For Manufacturability<br />
DFN Deutsches Forschungsnetz e. V.<br />
DFP Decimal Floating Point<br />
DFP Digital Flat Panel (Port)<br />
DFR Double Frequency Recording<br />
DFS Deniable File System<br />
DFS Depth First Search<br />
DFS Distributed File Service/System<br />
DFS Dynamic Frequency Selection<br />
DFSA Direct File System Access<br />
DFSG Debian Free Software Guidelines<br />
DFSMS Data Facility Storage Management Subsystem<br />
DFT Design For Testability<br />
DFT Diagnostic Function Test<br />
DFT Discrete Fourier Transform/Transformation<br />
DFT Distributed Function Terminal<br />
DFT Drive Fitness Test<br />
DFU Data File Utility<br />
DFU Device Firmware Update<br />
DFUE Datenfernübertragung<br />
DFV Datenfernverarbeitung<br />
DFZ Default-free Zone<br />
DG Data Group<br />
DG Datagram<br />
DGA Direct Graphics Access/Architecture<br />
DGC Distributed Garbage Collection<br />
DGI Deutsche Grid-Inititative<br />
DGIF Delta GIF<br />
DGIS Direct Graphics Interface Standard<br />
DGL Device-independent Graphics Library (HP)<br />
DGN Deutsche Gesellschaft für Netzdienste
217<br />
DGPS Differential Global Positioning System<br />
DGS Dynamische Geometrie-Software<br />
DGT Direction Generale des Telecommunications<br />
DH Diffie-Hellman (Key Exchange)<br />
DH Digital Home<br />
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Internet)<br />
DHDTV Digital High Definition Television<br />
DHIS Dynamic Host Information System<br />
DHL Dynamic Head Loading<br />
DHRVVF Ducking, Hiding and Running Very Very Fast (Slang)<br />
DHS Department of Homeland/Hopeless Security, USA<br />
DHSD Duplex High Speed Data<br />
DHT Distributed Hash Table<br />
DHTML Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language<br />
DI Data In<br />
DI Decoder Identification<br />
DI Destination Index<br />
DIA Defence Intelligence Agency<br />
DIA Deutsche Informatik Akademie<br />
DIA Display Industry Association<br />
DIA Document Interchange Architecture (IBM)<br />
DIAC Dedicated Inquiry Access Code<br />
DIAD Delivery Information Acquisition Device<br />
DIAS Digital Information Archiving System<br />
DIB Data Information Base<br />
DIB Device Independent Bitmap<br />
DIB Directory Information Base<br />
DIB Dual Independent Bus<br />
DIBOL DEC Business Oriented Language<br />
DICOM Digital Image/Imagery/Imaging (and) Communication/Commu<br />
DICOM Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine<br />
DID Digital Image Design<br />
DID Digital Information Display<br />
DID Direct Inward Dialling<br />
DIDAC Digital Data Acquisition + Control<br />
DIDL Digital Item Declaration Language<br />
DIDS Defense Integrated Data System<br />
DIDS Distributed Intrusion Detection System<br />
DIF Data/Directory Interchange Format<br />
DIFS Distributed/DCF Inter Frame Space
218ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
DIG Digital Imposition Geometry<br />
DIGI Deutsche Interessengemeinschaft Internet e. V.<br />
DII Dynamic Invocation Interface<br />
DIIP Direct Interrupt Identification Port<br />
DIL Dual In Line<br />
DILA Direct-Drive Image Light Amplifier (D-ILA)<br />
DILLIGAS Do I Look Like I Give A Shit (Slang)<br />
DIM Data Interpretation Module<br />
DIMDI Deutsches Institut für Medizinische Information und Dokumentat<br />
DIME Direct Internet Message Encapsulation<br />
DIMM Dual Inline Memory Module<br />
DIN Deutsche Initiative für Netzwerkinformation<br />
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung, Berlin<br />
DIN Do It Now (Slang)<br />
DINI Deutsche Inititative für Netzwerkinformation<br />
DIO Data Input and Output<br />
DIP Dialup Internet Protocol<br />
DIP Digital/Document Image Processing<br />
DIP Dissemination Information Package<br />
DIP Dual Inline Package/Pin<br />
DIPS Dual Domain In Plane Switching<br />
DIR Directory<br />
DIRC Digital Inter Relay Communication<br />
DIS Data Item Specification<br />
DIS Digital Immune System (Symantec)<br />
DIS Directory/Distributed Information System<br />
DIS Distributed Interactive Simulation<br />
DIS Draft International Standard (ISO)<br />
DIS Dynamic Impedance Stabilization<br />
DISA Data Interchange Standards Association<br />
DISA Defense Information Systems Agency, USA<br />
DISA Direct Inward System Access<br />
DISC Disconnect (frame)<br />
DISCO Digital Secure Communication (Bosch/Ascom)<br />
DISCSI Differential SCSI<br />
DISEQC Digital Satellite Equipment Control<br />
DISN Defense Information Systems Network<br />
DISOSS Distributed Office Support System (IBM)<br />
DISP Directory Information Shadow Protocol<br />
DISP Displacement
219<br />
DIST Digital Image Scaling Technology<br />
DIT Depth of Inheritance Tree<br />
DIT Directory Information Tree<br />
DITO Dit Is Totale Onzin (Slang)<br />
DITO DoD IPv6 Transition Office<br />
DITR Deutsches Informationszentrum für Technische Regeln<br />
DIU Data Interface Unit<br />
DIV Data In Virtual (Facility)<br />
DIV Digitale Vermittlungsstelle<br />
DIV Divide<br />
DIVA Digitales Videoarchiv, Karlsruhe<br />
DIVE Direct Interface Video Extension<br />
DIVO Digitale Vermittlungsstelle Ortsnetz<br />
DIVX Digital Video Express<br />
DIW D-Inside Wire<br />
DIWSCSI Differential Wide SCSI (16 Bit)<br />
DIX Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel, Xerox (Ethernet)<br />
DIY Do It Yourself (Slang)<br />
DJDE Dynamic Job Descriptor Entry<br />
DJM Distributed Job Manager<br />
DKE Deutsche Kommission Elektrotechnik Elektronik Information<br />
DKE Deutscher Kleinempfänger (Goebbelsharfe)<br />
DKG Digitales Kartengerät<br />
DKI Device Kernel Interface<br />
DKIM Domain Keys Identified Mail<br />
DKMS Dynamic Kernel Module Support (Linux)<br />
DKOM Direct Kernel Object Manipulation<br />
DKRZ Deutsches Klima-Rechenzentrum, Hamburg<br />
DKUUG Danish UNIX Users’ Group<br />
DKZ Datenkonzentrator<br />
DL Download<br />
DL/1 Data Manipulation Language 1 (IBM)<br />
DLB Dynamic Load Balancing<br />
DLC Data Link Control (IBM)<br />
DLC Digital Learning Center (Kodak)<br />
DLC Digital Loop Carrier<br />
DLC Distributed Loop Carrier<br />
DLC Down Line Control<br />
DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier<br />
DLCX Data Link Control Exchange
220ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
DLD Detailed Level Design<br />
DLE Data Link Escape<br />
DLF Deutschlandfunk<br />
DLGI Dienstleistungsgesellschaft für Informatik<br />
DLHP Deutsches Linux HowTo Projekt<br />
DLI Digital Libraries Initiative<br />
DLL Data Link Layer<br />
DLL Delay/Digitally Locked Loop<br />
DLL Dynamic Link Library<br />
DLLP Data Link Layer Protocol<br />
DLM Distributed LAN Monitoring<br />
DLM Distributed Lock Manager<br />
DLM Dynamic Link Module<br />
DLNA Digital Living Network Alliance<br />
DLO Document-Like Object<br />
DLOC Delta Lines Of Code<br />
DLP Data Load Partition<br />
DLP Digital Light Processing<br />
DLPI Data Link Provider Interface<br />
DLR Dependent LU Requester<br />
DLR Design Layout Record<br />
DLR DOS LAN Requester<br />
DLS Data Link Switching<br />
DLS Dependent LU Server<br />
DLS Distributed Load Sharing<br />
DLS Downloadable Sounds<br />
DLSG Deutsche Lehrsoftware Gemeinschaft<br />
DLSW Data Link Switching<br />
DLT Digital Linear Tape<br />
DLTM Don’t Lie To Me (Slang)<br />
DM Data Mark/Mining/Mode<br />
DM Delta Modulation<br />
DM Dense Mode<br />
DM Device Management/Mapper<br />
DM Dialogue Management (System)<br />
DM Direct Manipulation (of text)<br />
DM Disconnect/Disconnected Mode<br />
DM Distributed Memory/Monitor<br />
DMA Direct Memory Access/Addressing<br />
DMA Document Management Alliance
DMAC Direct Memory Access Controller<br />
DMAN Differential Manchester (Coding)<br />
DMAPI Data Management Application Program Interface<br />
DMB Digital Multimedia Broadcast/Broadcasting<br />
DMB Domain Master Browser<br />
DMC Digital Media Center<br />
DMC Direct Memory Controller<br />
DMC Distributed Management Chain<br />
DMCA Digital Millenium Copyright Act<br />
DMD Device Manager Driver<br />
DMD Digital Micromirror Device<br />
DMD Direct Manipulation Device<br />
DMD Directory Management Domain<br />
DME Digitaler Meldeempfänger<br />
DME Direct Memory Execution<br />
DME Distance Measuring Equipment<br />
DME Distributed Management Environment (OSF)<br />
DMF Direct Manual Focus<br />
DMF Distribution Media Format<br />
DMG Distress Message Generator<br />
DMI Data Management and Interoperability<br />
DMI Data Memory Interface<br />
DMI Database Management Interface<br />
DMI Definition of Management Information<br />
DMI Design Manufacturing Interface<br />
DMI Desktop Management Interface<br />
DMI Deutsche Mittelstandsinformatik<br />
DMI Digital Media Infrastructure<br />
DMI Digital Multiplexed Interface<br />
DMI Digital Music Initiative<br />
DMI Diploma in Medical Informatics<br />
DMI Dipole Mode Index<br />
DMI Direct Manipulation Interface<br />
DMI Distributed Management Interface<br />
DMI Distributed Medical Intelligence<br />
DMI Dynamic Method Invocation<br />
DML Data Manipulation Language<br />
DML Dialog Markup Language<br />
DML Distributed Mode Loudspeaker<br />
DMLT Distributed Multi Link Trunking<br />
221
222ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
DMM Digital Multimeter<br />
DMMP Distributed Memory, Message Processing<br />
DMMS Dynamic Memory Management System<br />
DMMV Deutscher Multimedia Verband<br />
DMO Directory Management Organization<br />
DMOS Double-diffused Metal-Oxide Semiconductor<br />
DMOZ Directory Mozilla<br />
DMP Designated Mailers Protocol<br />
DMP Dot Matrix Printer<br />
DMPC Distributed Memory Parallel Computer<br />
DMPM Digital Monitor Power Management<br />
DMPP Distributed Memory Parallel Processor<br />
DMQS Display Mode Query and Set (IBM)<br />
DMR Dual Modular Redundancy<br />
DMS Data/Design/Desktop/Document Management Software/System<br />
DMS Deadline Monotonic Scheduling<br />
DMS Digital Management Solutions<br />
DMSD Digital Multi-Standard Decoding<br />
DMSDK Digital Media Software Development Kit<br />
DMSP Distributed Mail System Protocol<br />
DMSS Distributed Mass Storage System<br />
DMSV Distributed Memory, Shared Variables<br />
DMT Discrete Monitor Timing (VESA)<br />
DMT Discrete Multitone (Modulation)<br />
DMTF Desktop/Distributed Management Task Force<br />
DMU Digital Mock-up<br />
DMUP Debian Machine Use Policies<br />
DMUX Demultiplexer<br />
DMY Day Month Year (Datumsangabe)<br />
DMZ De-Militarised Zone (Firewall)<br />
DN Distinguished Name<br />
DN Down<br />
DNA Digital Network Architecture (DEC)<br />
DNA Direct Note Access<br />
DNA Distributed Network Architecture<br />
DNA Document Enabled Network<br />
DNB Deutsche Nationalbibliographie<br />
DNC Direct/Distributed Numerical Control<br />
DNCP Decnet Phase IV Control Protocol<br />
DNCRI Division of Networking and Communications Research and Infrast
223<br />
DND Do Not Disturb<br />
DNDO Do Not Disturb Override<br />
DNE Deterministic Network Enhancer (VPN)<br />
DNF Disjunktive Normalform<br />
DNG Datennetzabschlussgerät<br />
DNG Digital Negative<br />
DNHR Dynamic Non-Hierarchical Routing<br />
DNI Desktop Network Interface<br />
DNI Direct Neural Interface<br />
DNIC Data Network Identification Code<br />
DNIE Digital Natural Image Engine<br />
DNIS Dialed Number Identification Service<br />
DNKZ Datennetz-Kontrollzentrum (DBP)<br />
DNL Dynamic Noise Limiter<br />
DNLC Directory Name Lookup Cache<br />
DNM Datennetzabschlussmodul<br />
DNMS Datennetz-Management-Software<br />
DNPG Digital Networks Product Group<br />
DNRC Domain Name Rights Coalition<br />
DNS Direct Numerical Simulation<br />
DNS Domain Name Server/Service/Scheme/System (Internet)<br />
DNSB Daten-Netz-Signalisierung Typ B<br />
DNSBL DNS Based Blacklist<br />
DNSO Domain Name Supporting Organization<br />
DNSSEC Domain Name System with Security Extensions<br />
DNUG Deutsche Notes User Group<br />
DO Data Out, Distributed Object<br />
DOA Dead On Arrival<br />
DOAG Deutsche Oracle-Anwender-Gruppe<br />
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals<br />
DOAR Directory of Open Access Repositories<br />
DOC Distributed Object Computing<br />
DOCP DAE Optimal Control Problem<br />
DOCS Designation of Other Coding System<br />
DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification<br />
DOCSV Data Over Circuit Switched Voice<br />
DOCT Distributed Object Computation Testbed<br />
DOD Department of Defence (Defense), USA<br />
DOD Digital Optical Disc<br />
DOD Dollars On Demand
224ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
DOD Drink Or Die<br />
DOD Drop On Demand<br />
DODCI Department Of Defense Computer Institute<br />
DOE Department Of Energy, USA<br />
DOE Distributed Objects Environment/Everywhere<br />
DOI Digital Object Identifier<br />
DOI Domain Of Interpretation<br />
DOIP Dial Other Internet Providers<br />
DOK Distrikts- und Ortsverbands-Kenner (des DARC)<br />
DOL Direct Object Linking<br />
DOLAP Desktop OLAP<br />
DOM Document Object Model/Modul<br />
DOM Document Output Management<br />
DOMF Distributed Object Management Facility (Sun)<br />
DOORS Distributed Object Oriented Reliable Service<br />
DOP Directory Operational Binding Management Protocol<br />
DOQ Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle<br />
DOR Digital Optical Recording<br />
DOS Denial Of Service<br />
DOS Disk Operating System<br />
DOS Distributed Operating System<br />
DOSEM DOS Emulator/Emulation<br />
DOSS Dedicated Office Systems and Services<br />
DOT Document Template<br />
DOT Documents to Think with (GMD)<br />
DOV Data Over Voice<br />
DOVE Digital Orbiting Voice Encoder<br />
DOW Day Of Week<br />
DOW Direct Overwrite<br />
DP Data Processing<br />
DP Dial Pulse<br />
DP Digital Person/Persona/Photography<br />
DP Distributed Printing/Processor<br />
DP Dot Pitch<br />
DP Draft Proposed Standard (ISO)<br />
DPA Demand Protocol Architecture<br />
DPA Differential Power Analysis<br />
DPA Document Printing Application/Architecture<br />
DPAM Demand Priority Access Method<br />
DPAR Data Parallel Abstraction
225<br />
DPAREN Data Parity Enable (IBM)<br />
DPB Drive Parameter Block<br />
DPBO Downstream Power Back Off<br />
DPC Deferred Procedure Call<br />
DPC Direct Program Control<br />
DPC Display Controller<br />
DPCM Differential Puls Code Modulation<br />
DPCT Data Processing Control Transmittal Card<br />
DPD Dead Peer Detection<br />
DPD Deep Power Down (modus)<br />
DPDA Deterministic Push Down Automaton<br />
DPDS Data Processing Distributed Systems<br />
DPF Discrete Packet Format<br />
DPG Dedicated Packet Group<br />
DPI Deep Packet Inspection<br />
DPI Distributed Protocol Interface<br />
DPI dots per inch<br />
DPL Debian Project Leader<br />
DPL Descriptor Privilege Level<br />
DPL Distributed Program Link<br />
DPM Digital Panel Meter<br />
DPM Display Power Management<br />
DPMA Data Processing Management Association, USA<br />
DPMA Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt, München<br />
DPMI DOS Protected Mode Interface (Microsoft)<br />
DPMS Digital/Display Power Management Signaling/Software/Suppo<br />
DPMS Display Power Management Signaling (Standard) (VESA)<br />
DPMS DOS Protected Mode Service<br />
DPO Dial Pulse Originating<br />
DPO Data Phase Optimization<br />
DPOF Digital/Direct Print Order Format<br />
DPP Demand Priority Protocol<br />
DPR Distributed Pasword Recovery<br />
DPR Dynamic Physical Rendering<br />
DPS Digital Print System<br />
DPS Display Postscript<br />
DPS Document Processing System<br />
DPSI Direction, Planification et Strategie Informatique<br />
DPSI Dots Per Square Inch<br />
DPSI Dual Power Servo Interface
226ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying<br />
DPT Data Processing Terminal<br />
DPT Drive Parameter Table<br />
DPU Data Parallel Unit<br />
DQCB Distributed Queue Control Bus<br />
DQDB Distributed Queue Double/Dual Bus<br />
DQF Driver Qualification File<br />
DQL Data/Database/DataEase Query Language<br />
DQL DAML Query Language<br />
DQL DICOM Query Label<br />
DQL Domain Qualifier List/Lists<br />
DQO Data Quality Objective<br />
DQPSK Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying<br />
DR Data Received<br />
DR Designated Router<br />
DR Digital Research<br />
DR Direct or Reverse<br />
DR Disaster Recovery<br />
DR Document Request<br />
DR Dynamic Reconfiguration<br />
DRA Deutsches Rundfunk-Archiv<br />
DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory<br />
DRAW Direct Read After Write<br />
DRB DRAM Row Boundary<br />
DRBD Distributed Replicated Block Device<br />
DRC Dynamic Range Compression<br />
DRCMF Digital Reality Creation Multi Function (Sony)<br />
DRCS Dynamically Redefinable Character Set<br />
DRDA Distributed Relational Database Architecture (IBM)<br />
DRDA Distributed Remote Database Access<br />
DRDRAM Direct Rambus Dynamic RAM<br />
DRDW Direct Read During Write<br />
DRE Direct Recording Electronic (Device)<br />
DRE Distributed Real-time and Embedded (systems)<br />
DRI Declarative Referential Integrity<br />
DRI Defense Research Internet<br />
DRI Digital Research Incorporated<br />
DRI Direct Rendering Infrastructure<br />
DRI Dynamic Range Increase<br />
DRL Dynamically Reconfigurable Logic
227<br />
DRM Digital Radio Mondiale (Modulation)<br />
DRM Digital Restrictions/Rights Management<br />
DRM Direct Rendering Manager<br />
DRM Distributed Resource Management<br />
DRM Dual Retention Mechanism<br />
DRMS Data Record Management System<br />
DRO Data Request Output<br />
DRO Destructive Read Out<br />
DRP DEC’s Routing Protocol<br />
DRP Disaster Recovery Plan<br />
DRP Distributed Reservation Protocol<br />
DRQ Disengage Request<br />
DRQ DMA Request<br />
DRR Dynamic Rate Repartitioning<br />
DRS Data Relay Satellite<br />
DRS Document Registration System<br />
DRS Domino Runtime Services<br />
DRS Driver Resource<br />
DRS Druckstation<br />
DRTS Data Relay + Tracking System<br />
DRTS Distributed Revision Tracking System<br />
DRV Drive (Laufwerk)<br />
DRY Don’t Repeat Yourself<br />
DS Data Segment/Send/Server/Strobe<br />
DS Differentiated Service<br />
DS Digit Select<br />
DS Directory Services<br />
DS Distributed Services (OSF)<br />
DS Distribution Service (Cable TV)<br />
DS Distribution System (WLAN)<br />
DS Double Sided<br />
DS Drive Select<br />
DS02 ISDN-Festverbindung 128 kbit/s<br />
DS3 Digital Signal Level 3<br />
DSA Data Service Adapter<br />
DSA Data/Digital Signature/Standard/Storage Architecture/Algorit<br />
DSA Debian Security Advisory<br />
DSA Digital Signature Algorithm<br />
DSA Directory System Agent (X.500)<br />
DSAB Distributed Systems Architecture Board
228ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
DSAF Destination Subarea Address Field<br />
DSAP Data Self Auditing Program<br />
DSAP Destination Service Access Point<br />
DSAS Data Sharing Architecture System<br />
DSB Datenschutzbeauftragter<br />
DSB Double Side Band<br />
DSC Digital Selective Call/Calling<br />
DSC Direct Satellite Communications<br />
DSC Direct Space Control<br />
DSC Document Structuring Comments/Conventions (Postscript)<br />
DSCH Downlink Shared Channel<br />
DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point<br />
DSCS Defense Satellite Communications System, USA<br />
DSD Direct Stream Digital<br />
DSDC Data Segment Descriptor Cache<br />
DSDC Dual Socket Direct Connect<br />
DSDD Double Sided Double Density (Floppy)<br />
DSDT Data Set Definition Table<br />
DSDT Differentiated System Description Table<br />
DSE Data Storage Equipment<br />
DSE Data Switching Exchange<br />
DSE Distributed System Environment<br />
DSE DSA Specific Entry<br />
DSEA Display Station Emulation Adapter<br />
DSECT Data/Dummy Control Section<br />
DSEE Domain Software Engineering Environment (HP)<br />
DSG Digital Signal Generator<br />
DSH Desparately Seeking Help (Slang)<br />
DSH Dotnet Scripting Host<br />
DSHD Double Sided High Density (Floppy)<br />
DSI Detailed Spectrum Investigation<br />
DSI Digital Sspeech Interpolation<br />
DSI Dynamic Systems Initiative (Microsoft)<br />
DSIG Digital Signature<br />
DSIMM Dual RAS SIMM<br />
DSIS Distributed Support Information Standard<br />
DSK Datenschutzkommission<br />
DSL Damn Small Linux<br />
DSL Dialogue Scripting Language (OSF)<br />
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
229<br />
DSL Dynamic Simulation Language<br />
DSLAC DSL Access Concentrator<br />
DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer<br />
DSLB Digital Subscriber Line Board<br />
DSM Daten-Signal-Multiplexsystem<br />
DSM Demand Side Management<br />
DSM Distributed Shared Memory<br />
DSM Domain Specific Modelling<br />
DSMA Digital Sense Multiple Access<br />
DSMIT Distributed SMIT (IBM)<br />
DSML Directory Services Markup Language<br />
DSMLT Distributed Split Multi Link Trunking<br />
DSMX Digitaler Signalmultiplexer<br />
DSN Data Source Name<br />
DSN Deep Space Network<br />
DSN Defense Switched Network<br />
DSN Delivery Status Notification<br />
DSN Digital Switching Network<br />
DSN Distributed Sensor Networks<br />
DSO Digital Sampling Oscilloscope<br />
DSO Dynamic Shared Object<br />
DSOM Distributed System Object Model<br />
DSOM Distributed Systems Operations and Management<br />
DSP Delivery Service Partner<br />
DSP Digital Signal/Sound Processing/Processor<br />
DSP Directory Synchronization/System Protocol<br />
DSP Display Support/Systems Protocol<br />
DSP Domain Specific Part<br />
DSPL Datensichtplatz<br />
DSPT Display Station Pass Thru<br />
DSPU Downstream Physical Unit<br />
DSQ Digital Squelch<br />
DSQ Double Square (Coding)<br />
DSQD Double Sided Quad Density (Floppy)<br />
DSR Data Set Ready<br />
DSR Device Status Register/Report<br />
DSR Digitales Satelliten-Radio<br />
DSR Document Search and Retrieval<br />
DSR Dynamic Source Routing<br />
DSRC Dedicated Short Range Communication
230ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
DSRI Deutsche Stiftung für Recht und Informatik<br />
DSS Data Security Standard<br />
DSS Data Storage Segment/Server<br />
DSS Decision Support System<br />
DSS Digital Satellite System<br />
DSS Digital Signature Standard/System<br />
DSS Digital Spread Spectrum<br />
DSS Digital Subscriber Signalling<br />
DSS Digitized Sky Survey<br />
DSS Direct Station Selector<br />
DSS Directory and Security Services<br />
DSS Distributed Security Service<br />
DSS1 Digital Signalling System No. 1<br />
DSSA Domain Specific Software Architecture<br />
DSSI Digital Standard Systems Interconnect (DEC)<br />
DSSI Digital Storage Systems Interconnect<br />
DSSS Direct Sequence/Sequencing Spread Spectrum<br />
DSSSL Document Style Semantics and Specification Language<br />
DST Datenstation<br />
DST Daylight Saving Time<br />
DST Depleted Substrate Transistor<br />
DST Direct Stream Transfer<br />
DST Dispersive Signal Technology<br />
DSTN Double Super Twisted Nematic Field Effective Material<br />
DSU Data/Digital Service/Switching Unit<br />
DSUWG Data Systems Users’ Working Group<br />
DSVD Digital Simultaneous Voice and Data<br />
DSW Data/Device Status Word<br />
DSX Digital Signals Cross-Connect<br />
DT Data Track/Translation/Transmission/Transmit/Type<br />
DT Date + Time<br />
DT Deep Trench (bipolar junction transistor)<br />
DT Definition Term<br />
DT Delay Time<br />
DT Desktop<br />
DT Deutsche Telekom<br />
DT Diagnostic Test<br />
DT Dial Tone<br />
DT Digital/Direct Television<br />
DT Digital Termination
DT Directional Transmission<br />
DT Display Terminal<br />
DT Distributed (graphical user interface) Toolkit<br />
DT Double Tagging<br />
DT Downtime<br />
DTA Datenträger-Austausch<br />
DTA Diagnosetestablauf<br />
DTA Direct Tape Access<br />
DTA Disk Tranfer Area<br />
DTAB Demountable Tape Automated Bonding<br />
DTAG Deutsche Telekom AG<br />
DTC Data Communications and Terminal Controller<br />
DTC Desktop Communication/Conferencing<br />
DTC Distributed TCP Caching<br />
DTC Distributed Transaction Coordinator<br />
DTCP Digital Transmission Content/Copy Protection<br />
DTD Document Type Definition<br />
DTDS Disaster Tolerant Disk System<br />
DTE Data Terminal/Terminating Equipment<br />
DTE Dumb Terminal Emulator<br />
DTF Digital Tape Format (Sony)<br />
DTF Distributed Test Facility<br />
DTFS Desktop File System<br />
DTIM Delivery Traffic Indication Map/Message<br />
DTK Deception Toolkit<br />
DTK Desired Track<br />
DTK Developer Transition Kit<br />
DTL Designated Transit List<br />
DTL Dialogue Tag Language<br />
DTL Diode Transistor Logic<br />
DTLA Dynamic Transmit Level Adjustment<br />
DTLB Dual Translation Lookaside Buffer<br />
DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security<br />
DTLS Descriptive Top Level Specification<br />
DTLS Distributed Teaching, Learning, and Services<br />
DTM Deterministic Turing Machine<br />
DTM Digital Terrain Mapping<br />
DTMF Data/Dual Tone Multiple Frequency<br />
DTMF Desktop Management Task Force<br />
DTML Document Template Markup Language<br />
231
232ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
DTN Data Transmission Network<br />
DTN Delay/Disruption Tolerant Network/Networking<br />
DTN Digital Telephone Network<br />
DTN Duplex, Tray, Network (printer)<br />
DTN Dutch Telecom Netherlands<br />
DTOS Distributed Trusted Operating System<br />
DTP Desktop Publishing<br />
DTP Distributed Transaction Process/Processing<br />
DTPS Dialer Token Pairs<br />
DTR Data Terminal Ready<br />
DTR Data Transfer Rate<br />
DTR Dedicated Token Ring<br />
DTR Digital Trunk<br />
DTS Decode Time Stamp<br />
DTS Digital Termination/Transceiving System<br />
DTS Digital Theatre Sound/System<br />
DTS Direct To SOM<br />
DTS Distributed Time Server/Service<br />
DTS Distributed Traffic Shaping (Cisco)<br />
DTSS Dartmouth Time Sharing System<br />
DTSS Digital Time Synchronization Service<br />
DTTB Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting<br />
DTV Desktop Video<br />
DTV Digital Television<br />
DTVC Desktop Video Conferencing<br />
DTX Discontinuous Transmission<br />
DU Disk Usage<br />
DUA Directory User Agent (X.500)<br />
DUAT Direct User Access Terminal<br />
DUCWIC Do You See What I See (Slang)<br />
DUe Datenübertragung<br />
DUeE Datenübertragungseinheit/-einrichtung<br />
DUG Discretionary User Group<br />
DUKATH Drahtlose Universität Karlsruhe (TH)<br />
DUL Dial-up User List<br />
DUN Dial-up Networking (Profile)<br />
DUNCE Dial-up Network Connection Enhancement<br />
DUNDI Distributed Universal Number Discovery<br />
DUNDIS Direction of United Nations Databases and Information Systems<br />
DUS Datenübertragungssystem
233<br />
DUST Datenübertragungssteuerung<br />
DUST Datenumsetzerstelle<br />
DUT Device Under Test<br />
DUV Data Under Voice<br />
DV Datenverarbeitung<br />
DV Delivery Verification (certificate)<br />
DV Digital Video<br />
DV Distance Vector<br />
DVA Datenverarbeitungsanlage<br />
DVA Distance Vector Algorithm<br />
DVB Digital Video Broadcast/Broadcasting<br />
DVBH Digital Video Broadcast/Broadcasting Handheld<br />
DVBT Digital Video Broadcast/Broadcasting Terrestrial<br />
DVC Desktop Video Conferencing<br />
DVC Digital Vibrance Control<br />
DVC Digital Video Camera/Cassette<br />
DVCR Digital Video Cassette Recording<br />
DVCS Distributed Version Control System<br />
DVD Dackel Vom Dienst<br />
DVD Deutsche Vereinigung für Datenschutz<br />
DVD Digital Versatile/Video Disc<br />
DVD-R Digital Versatile Disk Read Only Memory<br />
DVD-RW Digital Versatile Disk Re-Writable<br />
DVD-RAM Digital Versatile Disk Random Access Memory<br />
DVE Digital Video Effects<br />
D-VHS Data VHS<br />
DVI Deutsches Video Institut<br />
DVI Device Independent<br />
DVI Digital Video/Visual Interactive/Interface/Interleaved<br />
DVL Digital Video Link<br />
DVM Digital Voltmeter<br />
DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol<br />
DVO Dynamic Variable Ordering (Heuristic)<br />
DVOF Digital Video Over Fibre<br />
DVR Digital Video/Voice Recorder<br />
DVST Datenvermittlungsstelle<br />
DVV Datenverarbeitungsverantwortlicher<br />
DW Data Warehouse/Warehousing<br />
DW Dual Watch<br />
DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer/Multiplexing
234ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
DWF Drawing Web Format<br />
DWG Drawing (AutoCAD)<br />
DWIM Do What I Mean (Slang)<br />
DWISNWID Do What I Say Not What I Do (Slang)<br />
DWM Diskless Workstation Management<br />
DWMT Discrete Wavelet Multi Tone<br />
DWN Debian Weekly News<br />
DWS Digitaler Wahlstift<br />
DWT Directory Watch<br />
DWT Discrete Wavelet Transform/Transformation<br />
DWTT Distribution Wide Tracker Tool<br />
DX Directory Exchange<br />
DX Weitverkehr, Distance (Funk)<br />
DXA Directory Exchange Agent<br />
DXB Digital Extended Broadcasting<br />
DXB Drawing Exchange Binary<br />
DXC Data Exchange Control<br />
DXC Digital Cross Connect<br />
DXF Data/Drawing Exchange/Interchange File/Format<br />
DXF Data Transfer File<br />
DXG Datexnetzabschlussgerät<br />
DXI Data Exchange Interface<br />
DYHWIH Do You Hear What I Hear (Slang)<br />
DYMO Dynamic MANET On-Demand (Routing)<br />
DYNSLT Dynamic Select<br />
DYNSRC Dynamic Source<br />
DZUG Deutsche Zope Users Group<br />
E Electronic, End, Enhanced, European, Extended<br />
E2EG Ear To Ear Grin (Slang)<br />
E2U E.164 To URI<br />
EA Effective Address<br />
EA Eingabe/Ausgabe, E/A<br />
EA Emulsion Aggregation<br />
EA Extended Address/Attribute<br />
EA External Address<br />
EAC Election Assistance Commission, USA<br />
EAC European Activities Committee<br />
EAC Exact Audio Copy
235<br />
EAC Extended Access Control<br />
EACEM European Association of Consumer Electronics Manufacturers<br />
EAD Encoded Archival Description (Format)<br />
EAD Ethernet-Anschlussdose<br />
EAI Enterprise Application Integration<br />
EAIM European Alliance for Information Management<br />
EAL Evaluation Assurance Level<br />
EAM Electronic Accounting Machinery<br />
EAN European Advanced Networking (Protocol)<br />
EAN European Article Number<br />
EAN Extragalactic Area Network<br />
EANCOM EDIFACT-Subset Konsumwirtschaft<br />
EANTC European Advanced Networking Test Center<br />
EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol<br />
EAPOE Extensible Authentication Protocol Over Ethernet<br />
EAPOL Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN<br />
EAPS Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching<br />
EAR Eavesdrop And Register<br />
EAR Elektro-Altgeräte Register<br />
EAR Enterprise Archive<br />
EAR External Access Register<br />
EARBA Enhanced Adaptive Rate Based Algorithm<br />
EARN European Academic Research Network<br />
EAROM Electrically Alterable Read Only Memory<br />
EARS Electronic Access to Reference Services<br />
EARS Electronic Authoring and Routing System<br />
EARS Explicit Archive and Retrieval System<br />
EAS Electronic Authorization System<br />
EAS Enterprise Agreement Subscription<br />
EAS Extended Area Service<br />
EASA European Academic Software Award<br />
EASC Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certifi<br />
EASKT Einzelanschluss-Konzentrator<br />
EATA Enhanced AT Bus Attachment<br />
EAWR Eingabeauswahlknotenregister<br />
EAX Environmental Audio Extensions<br />
EAZ Endgeräteauswahlziffer (ISDN)<br />
EBASIC Extended BASIC<br />
EBC EFI Byte Code<br />
EBC EISA Bus Controller
236ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (IBM)<br />
EBCOT Embedded Block Coding with Optimized Truncation<br />
EBCT Electron Beam Computed Tomography<br />
EBD Emergency Boot Disk<br />
EBI Equivalent/Extended Background Input/Investigation<br />
EBL Electronic Bearing Line<br />
EBM Electronic Bearing Marker<br />
EBNF Erweiterte (Extended) Backus-Naur-Form<br />
EBONE European Backbone<br />
EBP Electronic Bill Presentmet<br />
EBP Elektronisches Briefpapier<br />
EBP Extended Base Pointer<br />
EBPNN Error Back Propagation Neural Network<br />
EBPP Electric Bill Presentment and Payment<br />
EBR Excessive Burst Rate<br />
EBR Extended Boot Record<br />
EBS Event Based Sampling<br />
EBT Electronic Benefits Transfer<br />
EBTF European Banking Technology Fair<br />
EBU European Broadcasting Union<br />
EBV Elektronische Bildverarbeitung<br />
EBX Electronic Book Exchange<br />
EBXM Electronic Business XML<br />
EC Echo Cancellation<br />
EC Educational Computer<br />
EC Electronic Cash/Commerce<br />
EC End Chain<br />
EC Error Control<br />
EC European Community<br />
EC Evolutionary Computing<br />
EC Exchange Carrier<br />
EC Executive Commitee<br />
ECA Event, Condition, Action<br />
ECAD Electronic Computer Aided Design<br />
ECAL Enjoy Computing And Learn<br />
ECAS Exchange Card Architecture Specification<br />
ECAT Electronic Card Assembly and Test<br />
ECB Electronic Code Book<br />
ECB Event Control Block<br />
ECBS European Committee for Banking Standards
237<br />
ECC Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem/Cryptography<br />
ECC Enter Cable Change<br />
ECC Error Check/Correction Circuit/Code<br />
ECC Error Checking and Correcting<br />
ECCC Electronic Colloquium on Computational Complexity<br />
ECCN Export Control Classification Number<br />
ECCOS Electronic Card Catalog + Ordering System<br />
ECD Enhanced Colour Display<br />
ECD Enhanced Compact Disc<br />
ECDH Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman<br />
ECDL European Computer Driving License<br />
ECDLP Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem<br />
ECDSA Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm<br />
ECDT Embedded Controller Boot Resources (Description) Table<br />
ECEF Earth-centered Earth-fixed<br />
ECF Enhanced Connectivity Facility<br />
ECG Electronic Content Guide<br />
ECHO European Community Host Organisation<br />
ECI Europäisches Computer Informationszentrum, Bonn<br />
ECI External Call Interface<br />
ECIN Electronic Commerce Info Net<br />
ECIS European Committee for Interoperable Systems<br />
ECL Emitter Coupled Logic<br />
ECL Execution Control List<br />
ECLF Extended Log File Format<br />
ECM Electronic Control Module<br />
ECM Enhanced Coprocessor Mount<br />
ECM Enterprise Content Management<br />
ECM Entity Connection/Coordination Management<br />
ECM Error Correcting/Correction Mode<br />
ECMA European Computer Manufacturers Association<br />
ECN Electronic Communications Network<br />
ECN Explicit Congestion Notification<br />
ECNE Enterprise Certified NetWare Engineer (Novell)<br />
ECO Electron Coupled Oscillator, Electronic Commerce Forum<br />
ECODU European Control Data Users Group<br />
ECOM Electronic Commerce<br />
ECOM Electronic Computer Originated Mail<br />
ECOM Emergency/Exterior Communications<br />
ECOMA European Computer Measurement Association
238ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
ECOOP European Conference on Object Oriented Programming<br />
ECP Enhanced/Extended Capabilities Port (Microsoft)<br />
ECP Excessive Cross-Posting<br />
ECPA Electronic Communications Privacy Act<br />
ECR Efficient Consumer Response<br />
ECRC European Computer Industry Research Centre<br />
ECRIT Emergency Context Resolution with Internet Technologies<br />
ECS Embedded Computing System<br />
ECS Encryption Control Signal<br />
ECS Enhanced Chip Set<br />
ECS European Common Standard<br />
ECS European Communications Satellite<br />
ECSD Enhanced Circuit Switched Data<br />
ECSI European Custom Systems Integration<br />
ECSS Exalted Carrier Single Sideband<br />
ECTF Enterprise Computer Telephony Forum<br />
ECTL Electronic Communal Temporal Lobe<br />
ECU EISA Configuration Utility<br />
ED Edge Device<br />
ED End Delimiter<br />
ED Erase Display<br />
ED2K EDonkey2000<br />
EDA Electronic Design Automation<br />
EDA Embedded Document Architecture<br />
EDA Event Driven Architecture<br />
EDA Explorative Datenanalyse<br />
EDAB Extended Digital Audio Broadcasting<br />
EDAC Error Detection And Correction<br />
EDAP Extraordinary Data Availability and Protection<br />
EDB Embedded Data Base<br />
EDC Electronic Digital Computer<br />
EDC Enhanced Data Correction<br />
EDC Error Detection and Correction<br />
EDC Error Detection Code<br />
EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access<br />
EDCF Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function<br />
EDD Enhanced Disk Drive<br />
EDDC Extended Distance Data Cable<br />
EDE Encrypt Decrypt Encrypt<br />
EDF Earliest Deadline First
239<br />
EDFA Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier<br />
EDG Electronic/Email Discussion Groups<br />
EDG Environmental Data Gathering<br />
EDG Environmental Database Gateway<br />
EDG EOS Data Gateway<br />
EDG European Data Grid<br />
EDGAR Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval<br />
EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution<br />
EDGE Explicit Data Graph Execution<br />
EDI Electronic Data/Document Interchange<br />
EDIBDB EDIFACT-Subset Baumärkte<br />
EDID Extended Display Identification Data<br />
EDIFACT Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce an<br />
EDIFICE EDIFACT-Subset Elektroindustrie<br />
EDIFURN EDIFACT-Subset Möbelindustrie<br />
EDIOFFICEEDIFACT-Subset Bürobedarf<br />
EDITEX EDIFACT-Subset Textilindustrie<br />
EDL Edit Decision List<br />
EDL Encapsulator/Enterprise Definition/Description Language<br />
EDLC Ethernet Data Link Control<br />
EDM Engineering Data Management<br />
EDMS Electronic Document Management System<br />
EDMS Enterprise Desktop Management Services<br />
EDO Enhanced/Extended Data Out/Output (DRAM)<br />
EDOC Electronic Document<br />
EDOC Enterprise Distributed Object Computing<br />
EDP Electronic Data Processing<br />
EDP Enhanced Dot Pitch<br />
EDPM Electronic Data Processing Machine<br />
EDPS Electronic/Enhanced Data Processing System<br />
EDR Enhanced Data Rate<br />
EDR External Developer Relaease<br />
EDRAM Enhanced Dynamic Random Access Memory<br />
EDS Electronic DIP Switch<br />
EDS Elektronisches Datenvermittlungssystem<br />
EDS Experimental Distributed System<br />
EDSAC Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator<br />
EDSI Enhanced Small Device Interface<br />
EDSL Ethernet Digital Subscriber Line<br />
EDSRA Earth Data System Reference Application
240ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
EDSS European Digital Subscriber System<br />
EDTV Enhanced/Extended Definition Television<br />
EDU educational; Internet-Domain: Universitäten in USA<br />
EDV Elektronische/Experimentelle Daten-Verarbeitung<br />
EDVA Erbium doped Fiber Amplifier<br />
EDVAC Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer<br />
EE Electronic/Extended Edition<br />
EE Endeinrichtung<br />
EEC Extended Error Correction<br />
EEDID Enhanced Extended Display Identification Data<br />
EEE Energy Efficient Ethernet<br />
EEEPROM Emulated Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory<br />
EEFL External Electrode Fluorescent Lamp<br />
EEHLLAPI Entry Emulator HLLAPI<br />
EEHO Either End Hop Off<br />
EEL Epsilon Extension Language<br />
EEM Extended Memory Management<br />
EEMA European Electronic Messaging Association<br />
EEMAC Electrical + Electronic Manufacturers of Canada<br />
EEMS Enhanced Expanded Memory Specification/Support<br />
EEP Equal Error Protection<br />
EEPAL Electrically Erasable Programmable Array Logic<br />
EEPI Electronic Entertainment Policy Inititative<br />
EEPLD Electrically Erasable Programmable Logic Device<br />
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory<br />
EES Escrowed Encryption Standard<br />
EESA Enterprise Extensions SMART Accessed<br />
EF Externer Fehler<br />
EFA Extended File Attribute<br />
EFAC Extended File Access Control<br />
EFCI Explicit Forward Congestion Identification<br />
EFF Electronic Frontier Foundation<br />
EFI Electromechanical Frequency Interference<br />
EFI Electronics For Imaging<br />
EFI Extensible Firmware Interface<br />
EFIP European Federation of Interconnection and Packaging<br />
EFISC Enhanced Fast Instruction Set Computer<br />
EFL Emitter Follower Logic<br />
EFLA Extended Four Letter Acronym<br />
EFM Eight-by/to-Fourteen Modulation
241<br />
EFR Enhanced Full Rate<br />
EFRC Enhanced Full Rate CODEC<br />
EFS Electronic Filing System<br />
EFS Enhanced/Encrypted/Encrypting/Enterprise/Episode/Extent F<br />
EFS Extended File (Name) Server<br />
EFT Electronic Funds Transfer<br />
EFT Euro File Transfer<br />
EFTP Easy File Transfer Protocol<br />
EFTS Electronic Funds Transfer System<br />
EFUe Emissionsdaten-Fernübertragung<br />
EG Evil Grin (Slang)<br />
EG Exterior Gateway<br />
EGA Enhanced Graphics Adaptor/Array<br />
EGC (Inmarsat) Enhanced Group Call<br />
EGD Entropy Gathering Daemon<br />
EGEE Enabling Grids for E-Science in Europe<br />
EGG Gesetz zum Elektronischen Geschäftsverkehr<br />
EGK Elektronische Gesundheitskarte (eGK)<br />
EGL Embedded-Systems Graphics Library<br />
EGL Enterprise Generation Language<br />
EGN Einzelgebührennachweis<br />
EGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System<br />
EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol (Internet)<br />
EGPCS Environment, GET, POST, Cookies, Server<br />
EGPE Extended Generalized Programming Environment<br />
EGPRS Enhanced General Packet Radio Service<br />
EGW Edge Gateway<br />
EHCI Enhanced Host Controller Interface<br />
EHF Extremely High Frequency<br />
EHKP Einheitliches höheres Kommunikationsprotokoll<br />
EHLLAPI Emulator High Level Language Application Programming Int<br />
EHR Electronic Health Record<br />
EHS European Home System<br />
EHSA European Home Systems Association<br />
EIA Electronic Industries Alliance, USA<br />
EIAJ Electronics Industry Association of Japan<br />
EIB European Installation Bus<br />
EIBA European Installation Bus Association<br />
EIBIEM Enhanced Interactive Business Integrating Environment Man<br />
EICAR European Institute for Computer Anti-Virus Research
242ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
EICTA European Information, Communications + Consumer Electronics I<br />
EID Electronic Identity<br />
EID Electronic Information Display<br />
EIDE Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics<br />
EIDP Electronic Information Developers Program<br />
EIES Electronic Information Interchange System<br />
EIES European Information Exchange Service for the Communication b<br />
EIFS Extended Inter Frame Space<br />
EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol<br />
EIM Electronic Image Management<br />
EIMS Eudora Internet Mail Server<br />
EIN European Informatics Network<br />
EIP Enterprise Informational Portal<br />
EIP Extended Instruction Pointer<br />
EIP Extended IP (Internet)<br />
EIR Equipment Identity Register<br />
EIRP Effective/Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power<br />
EIS Electronic/Employee/Emergency Information Services/System<br />
EIS Enterprise/Executive/Expert Information System<br />
EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture<br />
EISS Europäisches Institut für Systemsicherheit<br />
EIST Enhanced Intel Speedstep Technology<br />
EIT Event Information Table<br />
EITI European Interconnect Technology Initiative<br />
EITO European Information Technology Observatory<br />
EIUF European ISDN User Forum<br />
EIV Encryption Initialization Vector<br />
EJB Enterprise Java Beans<br />
EJO Electronic Journal Online<br />
EK Editor Kit<br />
EK Event Kernel<br />
EKT Envelope-Kanal-Teiler<br />
EKTS Electronic Key Telephone Service/Sets<br />
EL Electroluminiscent (Display)<br />
EL Elevation<br />
EL Embedded Linux<br />
EL Erase Line<br />
ELAN Educational/Elementary Language<br />
ELAN Emulated Local Area Network<br />
ELANC Enhanced Local Area Network Controller
243<br />
ELC Embedded Linking and Control<br />
ELC Embedded Linux Consortium<br />
ELD Electroluminescent Display<br />
ELD Electronic License Distribution<br />
ELEC Embedded Linux Expo + Conference<br />
ELEC Enterprise Local Exchange Carrier<br />
ELENA Elektronischer Einkommensnachweis<br />
ELF Executable and Linkable/Linking Format<br />
ELF Extremely Low Frequency<br />
ELFEXT Equal Level Far End Crosstalk<br />
ELFF Extended Log File Format<br />
ELGA Elektronische lebenslange Gesundheitsakte<br />
ELKS Embeddable Linux Kernel Subset<br />
ELM Electronic Mail (system)<br />
ELOD Erasable Laser Optical Disk<br />
ELOS Electro Optical Synergy<br />
ELOS Embedded Lightweight Operating System<br />
ELP Education License Program<br />
ELS Entry Level System<br />
ELSA Enhanced Linux System Accounting<br />
ELSPA European Leisure Software Publishers Assosciation<br />
ELSTER Elektronische Steuer-Erklärung<br />
ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter<br />
ELV Electronic/Extra Low Voltage<br />
ELV Elektronisches Lastschriftvefahren<br />
ELWIS Elektronisches Wasserstrassen-Informationssystem für die Bi<br />
EM Electronic Mail<br />
EM End of Medium<br />
EM End-host Multicast<br />
EM Expanded Memory<br />
EMA Electronic Mail Association<br />
EMA Enterprise Management Architecture (DEC)<br />
EMAC European Market Awareness and Education Committee<br />
EMACS Editing Macros (GNU)<br />
EMACS Escape-Meta-Alt-Control-Shift (Slang)<br />
EMAIL Electronic Mail<br />
EMAS Edinburgh Multi-Access System<br />
EMB Enhanced Master Burst<br />
EMB Extended Memory Block<br />
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
244ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
EMC Electronic Mail Connection<br />
EMC Extended Math Coprocessor<br />
EMCC Eckert-Mauchly Computer Company<br />
EME Earth - Moon - Earth (Connection)<br />
EME Electromagnetic Environment<br />
EMEA Europe, Middle East, and Africa<br />
EMEA European Medicinal Evaluation Agency, London<br />
EMF Electromagnetic Field/Force<br />
EMF Enhanced Meta File<br />
EMFBI Excuse Me For Butting In (Slang)<br />
EMFIS Emerging Markets Financial Services<br />
EMHS Electronic Message Handling Systems<br />
EMI Electric & Musical Industries<br />
EMI Electromagnetic Interference<br />
EMI External Memory Interface<br />
EML European Media Lab, Heidelberg<br />
EMM Enterprise Mail Manager<br />
EMM Expanded Memory Manager<br />
EMP Electromagnetic Pulse<br />
EMP Excessive Multi-Posting/Multiple Posting<br />
EMPA Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt<br />
EMR Electromagnetic Radiation<br />
EMR Electronic Mail Registration<br />
EMR Enhanced Metafile Record<br />
EMS Electronic Mail System<br />
EMS Electronic/Enhanced Message Service<br />
EMS Energy Management System<br />
EMS Enhanced Messaging Service<br />
EMS Expanded Memory Specification<br />
EMSAPI Extended Messaging Services Application Programming Interface<br />
EMSEC Emanations Security<br />
EMSEC Embedded Security (group), UCLA<br />
EMT Embedded Management Tool<br />
EMUG European MAP Users Group<br />
EMV Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit<br />
EMVG Gesetz über die elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit von Geräten<br />
EMVU Elektromagnetische Veträglichkeit zur Umwelt<br />
EMX Enterprise Mail Exchange<br />
EN End Node<br />
EN European Norm
245<br />
ENA Electronic Networking Association<br />
ENCMM Ethernet Network Control + Management Module<br />
ENDEC Encoder/Decoder<br />
ENDF Evaluated Nuclear Data File<br />
ENDS Ends Segment<br />
ENFIA Exchange Network Facilities For Interstate Access<br />
ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer<br />
ENISA European Network and Information Security Agency<br />
ENITH European Network for Information Technology in Human Serv<br />
ENL European Network Laboratories<br />
ENP Ethernet Node Processor<br />
ENQ Enquiry<br />
ENS Enterprise Network System/Services/Switch<br />
ENSS European Navigation Satellite System<br />
ENSS Exterior Nodal Switching Subsystem (Internet)<br />
ENUM (T)Elephone Number Mapping<br />
EO Electro Optical<br />
EO Europe Online<br />
EOA End Of Address<br />
EOB End Of Block<br />
EOC Embedded Operations Channel<br />
EOC End Of Character/Conversion/Cycle<br />
EOD End Of Data<br />
EOD End Of Discussion (Slang)<br />
EOF ECC On the Fly<br />
EOF End Of Field/File/Flame<br />
EOF Enterprise Objects Framework<br />
EOI End Of Image/Interrupt<br />
EOI End Or Identify<br />
EOJ End Of Job<br />
EOL End Of Life/Line/List<br />
EOL Europa Online<br />
EOM End Of Message/Meckerei<br />
EOM Erasable Optical Memory<br />
EON Enhanced (Information Concerning) Other Networks<br />
EOP End Of Page/Partition<br />
EOR End Of Record<br />
EOR Exclusive Or (auch: XOR)<br />
EOS Educational Online Sources<br />
EOS Electro Optical System (Canon)
246ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
EOS End Of String<br />
EOS Error Correction Code On SIMM<br />
EOSAT Earth Observation Satellite<br />
EOSDIS Earth Observing System Data and Information System (NASA)<br />
EOT Embedded Open Type<br />
EOT End of Tape/Transaction/Transmission/Table/Text<br />
EOTC European Organization for Testing and Certification<br />
EOU Ease Of Use<br />
EOU End Of User<br />
EOUG European Oracle Users Group<br />
EPA Environmental Protection Agency, USA<br />
EPA Europäisches Patentamt, München<br />
EPA Execution Path Analysis<br />
EPAC Enhanced Perceptual Audio Coding<br />
EPC Electronic Product Code<br />
EPEAT Electronics Product Environmental Assessment Tool<br />
EPG Electronic Program Guide<br />
EPI Enhanced Parallel Interface<br />
EPI Execute Programmer Immediately (Slang)<br />
EPI External Presentation Interface<br />
EPIC Electronic Privacy Information Center, USA<br />
EPIC Explicitly Parallel Instruction (Set) Computing<br />
EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon<br />
EPL Effective Prvilege Level<br />
EPL Ethernet Powerlink<br />
EPLD Electronic/Erasable Programmable Logic Device<br />
EPM Enterprise Process Management<br />
EPMAP Electronic Publishing Mapping Project<br />
EPO Emergency Power Off<br />
EPO Entry Point Obscuring<br />
EPOE Enhanced Power Over Ethernet<br />
EPP Enhanced Parallel Port<br />
EPP Ethernet Packet Processor<br />
EPPT European Printer Performance Test<br />
EPRCA Enhanced Proportional Rate Control Algorithm<br />
EPRML Enhanced Partial Response Maximum Likelihood<br />
EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory<br />
EPS Electronic Publishing System<br />
EPS Encapsulated Postscript<br />
EPS Enterprise Parallel Server (HP)
247<br />
EPSCS Enhanced Private Switched Communications Service<br />
EPSF Encapsulated Postscript File Format<br />
EPSI Encapsulated Postscript Interchange Format<br />
EPSMA European Power Supply Manufacturers Association<br />
EPSR Ethernet Protection Switching Ring<br />
EPSS Experimental Packet Switching Service<br />
EPU Energy Processing Unit<br />
EQ Equalizer<br />
ER Entity Relationship<br />
ER Explicit Rate<br />
ER Externer Rechner<br />
ERA Elementarer/Eingeschränkter Regulärer Ausdruck<br />
ERA Extended Registry Attribute<br />
ERAS Electronic Routing and Approval System<br />
ERBIS Einheitliches Rechnerunterstütztes Betriebsführungssystem<br />
ERC European Radiocommunication Committee<br />
ERC European Research Council<br />
ERC Explicit Route Control<br />
ERC External Relations Committee<br />
ERCIM European Research Consortium for Informatics and Applied M<br />
ERD Emergency Repair Disc<br />
ERD Entity Relationship Diagram<br />
ERE Extended Regular Expression<br />
ERESC European Register of Stolen Computers<br />
EREW Exclusive Read, Exclusive Write (PRAM)<br />
ERG European Regulators Group<br />
ERI Emergency Recovery Information<br />
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center, USA<br />
ERL Echo Return Loss<br />
ERLL Enhanced Run Length Limited<br />
ERM EMC and Radio Matters<br />
ERM Entity/Enterprise Relationship Model<br />
ERMA Electronic Recording Method, Accounting (General Electric)<br />
ERMES European Messaging System<br />
ERMES European Radio Message Service/System<br />
ERN Explicit Route Number<br />
ERO European Radiocommunications Office<br />
EROM Erasable Read Only Memory<br />
ERP Effective Radiated Power<br />
ERP Endpoint Routing Protocol
248ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning<br />
ERR Error<br />
ERS Evidence Record Syntax<br />
ERU Emergency Recovery Unit/Utility<br />
ES Elektronische Signatur<br />
ES Elementary Stream<br />
ES Endsystem, End System<br />
ES Enhanced Security<br />
ES Expanded Store<br />
ES Extra Segment<br />
ESA Enterprise System Architecture<br />
ESA European Space Agency<br />
ESATA External Serial ATA<br />
ESB Einseitenband, Single Side Band<br />
ESB Enterprise Service Bus<br />
ESC Electronic Support Center/Centre<br />
ESC Escape<br />
ESC European Support Center (Novell)<br />
ESCD Extended Setup/System Configuration Data<br />
ESC/I Epson Standard Code for Image Readers<br />
ESC/P Epson Printer Language<br />
ESCM Extended Services Communications Manager<br />
ESCON Enterprise Systems Connection (Architecture) (IBM)<br />
ESD Electronic Software Distribution<br />
ESD Electronic System Design<br />
ESD Electrostatic Discharge<br />
ESD Emergency Shutdown Device<br />
ESD Emergency Startup Disk<br />
ESD Entry Systems Division<br />
ESDA Electronic System Design Automation<br />
ESDC Extra Segment Descriptor Cache<br />
ESDI Enhanced Small/System Device Interface<br />
ESDP Enhanced Service Discovery Profile<br />
ESDRAM Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic RAM<br />
ESE Ethernet Switching Engine<br />
ESE Expert System Environment<br />
ESE Extensible Storage Engine<br />
ESF Eureka Software Factory<br />
ESF Extended Superframe Format<br />
ESG Earth System Grid
249<br />
ESH End System Hello PDU<br />
ESHG Elektrische Systemtechnik für Heim und Gebäude<br />
ESI Electrostatic Interference<br />
ESI End System Identifier<br />
ESI Enhanced Serial Interface<br />
ESI European Software Institute<br />
ESI External Systems Interface<br />
ESIG European SMDS Interest Group<br />
ESIS End System to Intermediate System Protocol (OSI)<br />
ESM Enterprise Security Manager<br />
ESM Ethernet Switching Module<br />
ESMR Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio<br />
ESMS European Satellite Multimedia Services<br />
ESMTP Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (Internet)<br />
ESN Electronic Serial Number<br />
ESOC European Space Operation Centre<br />
ESOSL Endless Snorts Of Stupid Laughter (Slang)<br />
ESP Early Support Program<br />
ESP Electronic Shock/Skip Protection<br />
ESP Encapsulating Security Payload<br />
ESP Enhanced Serial Port<br />
ESP Enhanced Service Provider<br />
ESP Enterprise System Platform<br />
ESP Eudora Sharing Protocol<br />
ESP Extended Stack Pointer<br />
ESPRIT European Strategic Programme for Research in Information T<br />
ESR Equivalent Series Resistance<br />
ESR Event Service Routine<br />
ESRO Efficient Short Remote Operations<br />
ESS Electronic Switching System<br />
ESS Enterprise Storage Server (IBM)<br />
ESS Environmental Stress Screening<br />
ESS Extended Service Set<br />
ESSID Extended Service Set Identifier<br />
ESTSC Energy Science + Technology Software Center<br />
ESU Electrostatic Unit<br />
ESU Europäische Standardüberweisung (eBanking)<br />
ESUG European Smalltalk Users Group<br />
ESV Elektronikschrottverordnung<br />
ETA Estimated Time of Arrival
250ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
ETACS Extended Total Access Communication System<br />
ETANN Electrically Trainable Analog Neural Network (Intel)<br />
ETB End of Transmission Block<br />
ETC Electronic Toll Collection<br />
ETC Enhanced Throughput Cellular (modem protocol)<br />
ETD Estimated Time of Departure<br />
ETDD Electrical Time Division Demultiplexer/Demultiplexing<br />
ETDM Electrical Time Division Multiplexer/Multiplexing<br />
ETE Entry to Exit<br />
ETF Enriched Text Format<br />
ETFTP Enhanced Trivial File Transfer Protocol<br />
ETI Extended Terminal Interface<br />
ETIN Elektronische Transfer-Identifikations-Nummer<br />
ETL Extract, Transform, Load<br />
ETM Exchange Telephone Manager<br />
ETN Electronic Tandem Network<br />
ETNS European Telephony Numbering Space<br />
ETOL Evil Twin On Line (Slang)<br />
ETOM Electron Trapping Optical Memory<br />
ETOX EPROM Tunnel Oxide<br />
ETR Early Token Release<br />
ETRN Extended Turn (command)<br />
ETS EIB Tool Software<br />
ETS Electronic Tracking System<br />
ETS European Telecommunication Standard<br />
ETSA European Telecommunication Services Association<br />
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute<br />
ETX End of Text<br />
EU Elektronische Unterschrift<br />
EU Execution Unit<br />
EUC End User Computing<br />
EUC Enhanced/Extended UNIX Code<br />
EUCIP European Certification of IT Professionals<br />
EUD Extended U-shape Cell Device<br />
EUDC End User Defined Character<br />
EUI End User Interface<br />
EUI Extended Unique Identifier<br />
EULA End User License Agreement<br />
EUNET European UNIX Network<br />
EURID European Reguistry of Internet Domain Names
251<br />
EUROPEN Dachverband europäischer UNIX-Anwendervereinigungen<br />
EUSES End Users Shaping Effective Software<br />
EUUG Extragalactic/European Unix User Group<br />
EUV Extreme Ultra Violet (Lithography)<br />
EV Etagenverteiler<br />
EV European Videotelephony<br />
EV Extended Validation<br />
EVA Eingabe, Verarbeitung, Ausgabe<br />
EVA Elektronische Fahrplan- und Verkehrsauskunft<br />
EVA Elektronischer Verkehrslotse für Autofahrer<br />
EVA Elektronisches Volltext-Archiv, Karlsruhe<br />
EVA Empfangs- und Verteilanlage<br />
EVA Enhanced Video Adapter<br />
EVAS EDV-gestütztes Vereins-Administrations-System<br />
EVD Enhanced Versatile Disc<br />
EVE European Video Telephony<br />
EVE Exklusiver Verzeichnis-Eintrag (Datex-J)<br />
EVGA Extended Video Graphics Array/Adapter<br />
EVL Electronic Visualization Laboratory, Chicago<br />
EVM Embedded Virtual Machine<br />
EVMS Enterprise Volume Management System<br />
EVN Einzelverbindungsnachweis<br />
EVO Elektro-Schrott-Verordnung<br />
EVP Enhanced Virus Protection<br />
EVR Enhanced Video Renderer<br />
EVS Event Service (OSF)<br />
EVU Elektrizitäts-/Energieversorgungsunternehmen<br />
EWOS European Workshop on Open Systems (OSI)<br />
EWS Employee Written Software (IBM)<br />
EWSD Elektronisches Wählsystem, digital<br />
EWSM Elektronisches Wählsystem für MANs<br />
EWSP Elektronisches Wählsystem für Paketvermittlung<br />
EWTS Enterprise Web Training System<br />
EXAPT Extended Subset of APT<br />
EXCA Exchangeable Card Architecture<br />
EXCH Exchange<br />
EXFCB Extended File Control Block<br />
EXIF Exchangeable Image File Format<br />
EXM Enterprise Messaging Exchange<br />
EXP Exponent
252ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
EXT External<br />
EXTRN External Reference<br />
EXUG European X User Group<br />
EZV Elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr<br />
F Federation, Fernmelde-, Field, File, Francais, Funk<br />
F!FF Forum Informatiker für Frieden und gesellschaftliche Verantwortu<br />
F2F Face to Face (Slang)<br />
FA Fernmeldeamt<br />
FA For Auction (Slang)<br />
FA Front End Application<br />
FA Full Adder, Fermeldeamt, Fernamt<br />
FAB (Chip) Fabrication Plant<br />
FABS Fast Access Btree Structure<br />
FAC Fast Access Channel<br />
FAC File Access Code<br />
FAC Final Assembly Code<br />
FACCH Fast Associated Control Channel<br />
FACL Full Access Control List<br />
FACS Fibronics Advanced Cabling System<br />
FACS Firmware ACPI Control Structure<br />
FACT Federation Automatic Coding Technologies<br />
FADA File Access Data Unit<br />
FADC Fast/Flash Analog to Digital Converter<br />
FADT Fixed ACPI Description Table<br />
FAE Field Apllications Engineer<br />
FAF File Attribute File<br />
FAFWOA For A Friend Without Access (Slang)<br />
FAG Fernmeldeanlagengesetz<br />
FAI Fournisseurs d’Acces Internet<br />
FAI Fully Automatic Installation<br />
FAID Flash Authority Identification Data<br />
FAL File Access Listener<br />
FAM File Alteration Monitor<br />
FAMOS Floating Gate Avalanche MOS<br />
FAN Family Area Network<br />
FAP File Access Protocol<br />
FAPI Family Application Program Interface<br />
FAPL Format and Protocol Language
253<br />
FAQ Frequently Asked Questions (Netnews)<br />
FAQ Fragen, Antworten, Quellen der Erleuchtung (Netnews)<br />
FAQ Foire Aux Questions (Netnews)<br />
FAQL FAQ List<br />
FAR False Acceptance Rate<br />
FARE Film Automatic Retouching and Enhancement<br />
FARNET Federation of American Research Networks<br />
FAS Fahrassistenzsystem<br />
FAS Frame Alignment Signal<br />
FASC Future of the Amateur Service Committee<br />
FASIC Function- and Algorithm-Specific Integrated Circuit<br />
FAST Fast Access Stationary Tape Guide Transport<br />
FAT File Allocation Table<br />
FAXT Far End Crosstalk<br />
FAXTAM Fax and Telephone Answering Machine<br />
FB Fiber Backbone<br />
FB Fine Business (Slang)<br />
FB Fully Buffered<br />
FBAS Farb-Bild-Austast-Synchronsignal (RGB-Signal)<br />
FBD Fully Buffered DIMM<br />
FBE Free Buffer Enquiry (Arcnet)<br />
FBIS Foreign Broadcast Information Service<br />
FBLINU Forum für blinde und sehbehinderte Internetnutzer<br />
FBO Frame Buffer Object<br />
FBPP Federal Biometric Protection Profile<br />
FBRM Fractional Bit Rate Modulation<br />
FBS Fernbedienungs- und Steuerungssystem<br />
FC Federal Criteria<br />
FC Fibre Channel<br />
FC File Catalogue<br />
FC Flip Chip<br />
FC Flow Control<br />
FC Forward Checking<br />
FC Frame Control<br />
FCA Fibre Channel Association<br />
FC-AL Fiber Channel Arbitrated Loop<br />
FCB File Control Block<br />
FCB Future Communications Bus<br />
FCC Federal Communications Commission, USA<br />
FCC File Carbon Copy
254ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
FCCH Frequency Correction Channel<br />
FCCSET Federal Coordination Committee on Science, Engineering and Tech<br />
FCD Final Committee Draft<br />
FCD Floating Car Data<br />
FCD Foundation for Communication for the Disabled<br />
FCFS First Come First Served<br />
FCI flux changes per inch<br />
FCIA Fibre Channel Industry Association<br />
FCIF Full Common Intermediate Format<br />
FCL FORTRAN Command Language<br />
FCLC Fibre Channel Loop Community<br />
FCP Fibre Channel Protocol<br />
FCPGA Flip Chip Pin Grid Array<br />
FCRAM Fast Cycle (Dynamic) Random Access Memory<br />
FCS Fibre Channel Standard<br />
FCS First Customer Shipment<br />
FCS Frame Check Sequence<br />
FCSI Fiber Channel Systems Initiative<br />
FCT Fast CMOS Technology<br />
FCT Firewall Configuration Tool<br />
FCVC Flow Controlled Virtual Channel<br />
FD Finite Domain<br />
FD Floppy Disk<br />
FD Full Duplex<br />
FDB Fluid Dynamic Bearing<br />
FDC Final Committee Draft<br />
FDC Floppy Disk Controller<br />
FDCC Formal Definitions of Cultural Conventions<br />
FDD Feature Driven Development<br />
FDD Floppy Disk Drive<br />
FDDI Fiber Digital/Distributed Data Interface<br />
FDDI TP-PMDFDDI Twisted Pair Physical Layer Medium Dependent<br />
FDDI/UTP FDDI Unshielded Twisted Pair<br />
FDDT FDDI Full Duplex Technology<br />
FDE Full Disc Encryption<br />
FDE Full Duplex Ethernet<br />
FDES Full Duplex EtherSwitch<br />
FDF Forms Data Format<br />
FDFDDI Full Duplex FDDI<br />
FDFS File Descriptor File System
FDI Flash Data Integrator<br />
FDISK Fixed Disk<br />
FDL Factory Data Link<br />
FDL File Definition Language<br />
FDL (GNU) Free Documentation License<br />
FDM Flight Dynamic Model<br />
FDM Frequency Division Multiplexer/Multiplexing<br />
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple/Multiplex Access<br />
FDOCA Formatted Data Object Content Architecture<br />
FDP Form Description Program<br />
FDR Frame Drop Rate<br />
FDSE Full Duplex Switched Ethernet<br />
FDSL Fixed Directory Subscriber List<br />
FDSL Flexible Digital Subscriber Line<br />
FDT Formal Description Technique<br />
FDX Full Duplex (transmission)<br />
FE Finite Elemente<br />
FE Focus Error<br />
FE Format Effektor<br />
FE Frame/Framing Error<br />
FEA Fast Ethernet Alliance<br />
FEA Fractal Element Antenna<br />
FEAL Fast Data Encipherment Algorithm<br />
FEBE Far End Block Error<br />
FEC Fast EtherChannel (Cisco)<br />
FEC Floating Electrode Capacitor Cell<br />
FEC Forward Equivalence Class<br />
FEC Forward Error Correction<br />
FEC Front End Clipping<br />
FECN Forward Explicit Congestion Notification<br />
FED Fachverband Elektronik Design e. V.<br />
FED Field Emission Device/Display<br />
FEDIS Finite Element Data Interchange Specification<br />
FEM Finite-Elemente-Methode<br />
FEP Firewall Enhancement Protocol<br />
FEP Front End Processor<br />
FEPIM Fast Ethernet Port Interface Module<br />
FER Frame Erasure Rate<br />
FERAM Ferroelectric Random Access Memory<br />
FERF Far End Receive Failure<br />
255
256ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
FEST Finite Element Simulation Technique<br />
FEST Framework for European Telemedicine<br />
FET Feldeffekt-Transistor<br />
FEXT Far End Crosstalk<br />
FF Fieldbus Foundation<br />
FF First Fail (Principle)<br />
FF Flipflop<br />
FF Form Feed<br />
FFA Free For All<br />
FFAPI File Format API<br />
FFDT FDDI Full Duplex Technology (DEC)<br />
FFGF File Framework Generator and Formatter<br />
FFI Foreign Function Interface<br />
FFII Förderverein für eine Freie Informationelle Infrastruktur<br />
FFM File-on-File Mounting File System<br />
FFOL FDDI Follow-On LAN<br />
FFR For Future Release<br />
FFS Fast/Flash File System<br />
FFS Flexibles Fertigungssystem<br />
FFS For Free Server<br />
FFSN Fast Flux Service Network<br />
FFT Fast Fourier Transform/Transformation<br />
FFT Full Frame Transfer<br />
FFTP Fast Food Transfer Protocol (Mampfnet)<br />
FG Feature Group<br />
FG Foreground<br />
FG Frame Ground<br />
FGA Feature Group A<br />
FGB Feature Group B<br />
FGC First Global Commerce<br />
FGD Feature Group D<br />
FGDC Federal Geographic Data Committee<br />
FGF Forschungsgemeinschaft Funk<br />
FGS Fair Group Scheduling<br />
FGV Fernmeldegebührenvorschriften<br />
FH Frame Handler<br />
FHS Filesystem Hierarchy Standard<br />
FHS For Heaven’s Sake (Slang)<br />
FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum<br />
FI Feature Interaction
257<br />
FI Form Interpreter<br />
FI Full Interchangeability<br />
FIAWOL Fandom Is A Way Of Life (Slang)<br />
FICON Fiber Connectivity<br />
FID File/Format/Frequency Identifier/Identification<br />
FIF Fachinformation in Fachhochschulen<br />
FIF Fractal Image Format<br />
FIFF Forum InformatikerInnen für den Frieden e. V.<br />
FIFO First In, First Out (Speicher)<br />
FILO First In, Last Out (Speicher)<br />
FIMS Forms Integration Management Standard<br />
FINCEN Financial Crimes Enforcement Network<br />
FINTS Financial Transaction Services<br />
FIP File Processor Buffering<br />
FIPR Foundation of Information Policy Research, UK<br />
FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard, USA<br />
FIQ Fast Interrupt Request<br />
FIR Fast Infrared Communication<br />
FIR Finite Impulse Response<br />
FIR Full Intra Request<br />
FIRP Federal Internetworking Requirements Panel (NIST)<br />
FIRST Fraunhofer-Institut für Rechnerarchitektur und Softwaretech<br />
FIRST Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams<br />
FIS Financial Information System<br />
FISA Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act<br />
FISH First In, Still Here (Slang)<br />
FISMA Federal Information Security Management Act, USA<br />
FIT Fachauschuss für Information und Telekommunikation<br />
FIT Failures In Time<br />
FIT Fingerprint Identification Technology<br />
FIT Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Informationstechnik, San<br />
FITB Fill In The Blank (Slang)<br />
FITL Fiber In The Loop<br />
FITNR Fixed In The Next Release (Slang)<br />
FITS Flexible Image Transport System<br />
FITUG Förderverein Informatik und Gesellschaft e. V.<br />
FIX Federal Information/Internet Exchange<br />
FIZ Fachinformationszentrum<br />
FK Family Key<br />
FKTG Fernseh- und Kinotechnische Gesellschaft
258ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
FL Fiber Link<br />
FLA Full Look Ahead<br />
FLAC Free Lossless Audio Codec<br />
FLAIM Flexible and Adaptable Information Manager<br />
FLAME Flexible Application Program Interface for Module-based Environm<br />
FLASK Flux Advanced Security Kernel<br />
FLBGA Fine Line Ball Grid Array<br />
FLC Ferro-electric Liquid Crystal<br />
FLC First Level Cache<br />
FLI Font Library<br />
FLIC FORTRAN Language for Industrial Control<br />
FLIT Flexowriter Interrogation Tape<br />
FLL Frequency Locked Loop<br />
FLN Family Life Network<br />
FLN Fuzzy Lattice Neurocomputing<br />
FLOF Full Level One Feature<br />
FLOP Floating Point Operation<br />
FLOPS Floating Point Operations per Second<br />
FLOSS Free/Libre Open Source Software<br />
FLP Fast Link Pulse<br />
FLT Fertigungsleittechnik<br />
FLUVIS Fluid Dynamics Visualization in a Virtual Windtunnel<br />
FM Facility/Fault/Function Management<br />
FM Frequenzmodulation, Frequency Modulation<br />
FMA Fault Management<br />
FMA Fused Multiply-Add<br />
FMAC Floating Point Multiply Accumulate<br />
FMC Fan Monitor Connector<br />
FMC Flexible Manufacturing Cell<br />
FMC Flight Management Computer<br />
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave<br />
FMD Fluorescence Multilayer Disk<br />
FMD Funkmessdienst<br />
FME Funkmeldeempfänger<br />
FMEA Failure Mode and Effects Analysis<br />
FMH Function Management Header<br />
FMI Fixed Mobile Integration<br />
FML Forms Markup Language<br />
FMP Flow Management Protocol<br />
FMP Functional Multiprocessor/-processing
259<br />
FMS Facility/File/Forms Management System<br />
FMS Fernmeldesystem<br />
FMS Fieldbus Message Specification<br />
FMS Flexible Manufacturing System<br />
FMS Funkmeldesystem<br />
FMV Full Motion Video<br />
FN Fiber Node<br />
FNA File Name/Attribute Augmentation Facility<br />
FNA Formerly Known As (Slang)<br />
FNA Functional Needs Analysis<br />
FNA Functional Network Architecture<br />
FNC Federal Networking Council, USA<br />
FNL Fortran Numerical Library<br />
FO Fernmeldeordnung<br />
FO Fiber Optics<br />
FOAF Friend Of A Friend (Slang)<br />
FOC Fiber Optic Cable<br />
FOC Free Of Charge<br />
FOC Full Operational Capability<br />
FOD Fax On Demand<br />
FOD Foreign Object Damage<br />
FOF Factor Out Failure<br />
FOIA Freedom Of Information Act, USA<br />
FOIP Fax Over Internet Protocol<br />
FOIRL Fiber Optic Inter Repeater Link<br />
FOL First-Order Logic<br />
FOLDOC Free On-Line Dictionary Of Computing<br />
FOLED Flexible Organic Light Emitting Display<br />
FOMA Freedom Of Multimedia Access<br />
FOMAU Fiber Optic Medium Attachment Unit<br />
FOOBAR FTP Operation Over Big Address Records<br />
FORTRAN Formula Translator<br />
FORTWIHR Forschungsverbund für technisch-wissenschaftliches Hochleis<br />
FOSDEM Free and Open Source Developers’ European Meeting<br />
FOSI Formatting Output Specification Instance<br />
FOSS Free and Open Source Software<br />
FOSSIL Fido-Opus-Seadog Standard Interface Layer<br />
FOV Field Of View<br />
FP Fabri-Perrot (-Laser)<br />
FP False Positive
260ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
FP Fiber Passive<br />
FP Fixed Part<br />
FP Floating Point<br />
FPAD Field Programmable Address Decoder<br />
FPAL Field Programmable Array Logic<br />
FPD Flat Panel Display<br />
FPDP Front Panel Data Port<br />
FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array<br />
FPIC Field Programmable Interconnect Circuit<br />
FPK Fast Packet Keying<br />
FPLA Field Programmable Logic Array<br />
FPLD Field Programmable Logic Device<br />
FPLMTS Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System<br />
FPLS Field Programmable Logic Sequencer<br />
FPM Fast Packet Multiplexing<br />
FPM Fast Page Mode (DRAM)<br />
FPML Field Programmable Macro Logic<br />
FPO For Placement Only (image)<br />
FPODA Fixed Assignment PODA<br />
FPP Fast Parallel Port<br />
FPP Fixed Path Control<br />
FPP Floating Point Processor<br />
FPP Fraud Prevention Pool<br />
FPP Full Packaged Product<br />
FPS Fast Packet Switching<br />
FPS First Person Shooter<br />
FPS For Pay Server<br />
FPS Frames per Second<br />
FPT Force/Forced Perfect Termination<br />
FPU File Preparation Unit<br />
FPU Floating Point Unit<br />
FPX Flash Pix (Format)<br />
FQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name (Internet)<br />
FQHN Fully Qualified Host Name (Internet)<br />
FR Frame Relay<br />
FRAD Frame Relay Access Device<br />
FRAD Frame Relay Assembler/Disassembler<br />
FRAM Ferroelectric/Ferromagnetic Random Access Memory<br />
FRAP Frame Relay Access Protocol<br />
FRC Full Rate Channel
261<br />
FRC Functional Redundancy Checking<br />
FRCA Fast Response Cache Accelerator<br />
FRDS Failure Resistant Disk System<br />
FRE Full Regular Expression<br />
FREQNPAV Frequenznutzungsplanaufstellungsverordnung<br />
FREQNPAVBV Frequenznutzungsplanaufstellungsverordnungsbeauftragtenv<br />
FRF Frame Relay Forum<br />
FRICC Federal Research Internet Coordinating Committee<br />
FRISK Fri Programvare I Skolen (Norway)<br />
FRMR Frame Reject (frame)<br />
FRPI flux reversals per inch<br />
FRR False Rejection Rate<br />
FRS Family Radio Service<br />
FRS Frame Relay Service<br />
FRTS Future Request To Send<br />
FRU Field Replaceable Unit<br />
FS Field/File Separator<br />
FS File System<br />
FS Finite State<br />
FS Font Server<br />
FS Frame Status<br />
FS Full Screen<br />
FSA Finite State Automaton<br />
FSAA Full-Scene Anti-Aliasing<br />
FSAG Free Software Association Germany, Frankfurt (M)<br />
FSAN Full Services Access Network<br />
FSB Front Side Bus<br />
FSB Functional System Block<br />
FSC Fujitsu Siemens Computers<br />
FSCSI Fast SCSI<br />
FSD File System Driver<br />
FSE Freisprecheinrichtung<br />
FSF Free Software Foundation<br />
FSFE Free Software Foundation Europe<br />
FSFO Failsave Failover<br />
FSG Free Standards Group<br />
FSK Frequency Shift Keying (Modulation)<br />
FSL Full Shallow Learning<br />
FSM Finite State Machine<br />
FSM Free Space Map
262ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
FSM Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle Multimedia (Diensteanbieter)<br />
FSMO Flexible Single Master Operation<br />
FSN File System Navigator<br />
FSN Full Service Network<br />
FSP File Service Protocol (Internet)<br />
FSS Fixed Satellite Services<br />
FST Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle Telefonmehrwertdienste<br />
FSTP Fast Spanning Tree Protocol<br />
FSU Free Software Union<br />
FT Fast Track<br />
FT Fault Tolerant<br />
FT Free Term<br />
FT Funkentelegraphie<br />
FTA Final Type Approval<br />
FTAM File Transfer, Access and Management (OSI)<br />
FTASB Faster Than A Speeding Bullet (Slang)<br />
FTB Front To Back Algorithm<br />
FTBS Failed To Build from Source<br />
FTC Fax Transfer Centre<br />
FTC Federal Trade Commission, USA<br />
FTDS Failure Tolerant Disk System<br />
FTEG Gesetz über Funkanlagen und Telekommunikationsendeinrichtun<br />
FTL Faster Than Light (Slang)<br />
FTLS Formal Top Level Specification<br />
FTP File Transfer Protocol (Internet)<br />
FTP Foiled Twisted Pair<br />
FTPI Flux Transitions Per Inch<br />
FTPS File Transfer Protocol over TLS/SSL (Internet)<br />
FTR Failed To Return<br />
FTR Fast Token Ring<br />
FTR Fast Transient Response<br />
FTR Feature Test Release<br />
FTR File Typing Rules<br />
FTR For This Reason (Slang)<br />
FTR Forget The Rest (Slang)<br />
FTR Frame Transfer Repring<br />
FTR Full Test/Text Retrieval<br />
FTRT Faster Than Real Time (Slang)<br />
FTS Fahrerlose Transportsysteme<br />
FTS Fidonet Transport Standard
263<br />
FTS File Transfer Service<br />
FTTB Fiber To The Basement/Building<br />
FTTC Fiber To The Curb<br />
FTTG Fiber To The Galaxy<br />
FTTH Fiber To The Home<br />
FTTL Fiber To The Loop<br />
FTTN Fiber To The Neighbourhood<br />
FTZ Fernmeldetechnisches Zentralamt<br />
FTZ Forschungs- und Technologie-Zentrum der DBP Telekom<br />
FU Functional Unit<br />
FUA Flow Update Acknowledge<br />
FUA Follow Up Amplifier<br />
FUBAHR Fouled Up Beyond All Hope of Recognition (Slang)<br />
FUBAR Fouled Up Beyond All Repair/Recognition (Slang)<br />
FUBB Fouled Up Beyond Belief (Slang)<br />
FUBS Fido Used Book Squad<br />
FUD Fear, Uncertainty, and Disinformation/Doubt (Slang)<br />
FUD Flussdiagramm (DIN 66 001)<br />
FUE Forschung und Entwicklung<br />
FUG Functional Unification Grammar<br />
FUI Fake User Interface<br />
FUI File Update Information<br />
FUL Forschung und Lehre<br />
FUNET Finnish University and Research Network<br />
FUNI Frame based/Relay User Network Interface<br />
FUP Funktionsplan (DIN 40 719)<br />
FURA Föreningen Umeå Radioamatörer<br />
FUSE Filesystem in User Space<br />
FUSSP Final Ultimate Solution of the Spam Problem<br />
FUST Funkstelle<br />
FÜV Fernmeldeverkehrs-Überwachungs-Verordnung<br />
FV Festverbindung<br />
FVD Finalized Versatile Disc<br />
FVF Flexible Vertex Format<br />
FVIT Fachverband Informationstechnik im ZVEI<br />
FVT Full Video Translation<br />
FVV Feste virtuelle Verbindung<br />
FW Firewall<br />
FWA Fixed Wireless Access<br />
FWEE Fernwirkendeinrichtung
264ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
FWEG Fernwirkendgerät<br />
FWH Firmware Hub<br />
FWI Frequently Wanted Information<br />
FWIW For What It’s Worth (Slang)<br />
FWLST Fernwirkleitstelle<br />
FWT Fast Wavelet Transform<br />
FX File Express<br />
FX Foreign Exchange (Service)<br />
FXO Foreign Exchange Office<br />
FXP File Exchange Protocol (RFC 959)<br />
FXS Foreign Exchange Station<br />
FXSR Fast FP/MMX Streaming SIMD Extensions Save/Restore<br />
FXU Fixed Point Unit<br />
FYA For Your Amusement (Slang)<br />
FYEO For Your Eyes Only (Slang)<br />
FYI For Your Information (Internet)<br />
FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik, Karlsruhe<br />
G General, German, Global, Graphic, Ground, Group<br />
G2B Government To Business<br />
G2C Government To Citizen<br />
G2G Government To Government<br />
GA Globus Alliance<br />
GA Go Ahead (Slang)<br />
GAAS Galliumarsenid (GaAs)<br />
GAB Group Audio Bridging<br />
GABELN Group Area Brett Echo Liste Netz<br />
GABI General Application Binary Interface<br />
GABICO Ganz billiger Computer<br />
GAC Global Assembly Cache<br />
GAC Government Advisory Committee<br />
GACP Gateway Access Control Protocol<br />
GAE German Application Environment<br />
GAFIA Get Away From It All (Slang)<br />
GAG Generic Algorithms for GIMP<br />
GAIN German Advanced Integrated Network (IBM)<br />
GAK Government Access to Keys<br />
GAL Gate/Generic Array Logic<br />
GAL Get A Life (Slang)
265<br />
GALA Geschwindigkeitsabhängige Lautstärkeanhebung<br />
GAMM Gesellschaft für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik<br />
GAMS Generalized Algebraic Modelling System<br />
GAN Global/Galactic Area Network<br />
GAP General/Generic Access Profile<br />
GAP German Academic Publishers<br />
GARP Generic Attribute Registration Protocol<br />
GARP Genetic Algorithm of Rule-Set Production<br />
GARP Group Address Resolution Protocol<br />
GART Graphics Address Remapping Table<br />
GART Graphics Aperture Relocation Table<br />
GAS Gateway Access Server<br />
GAS GNU Assembler<br />
GAT Geek of All Trades (Slang)<br />
GAT Generic Application Template<br />
GAUDI Guideline Authoring and Dissemination<br />
GAVDP Generic Audio Video Distribution Profile<br />
GBB Generic Blackboard System<br />
GBG Geschlossene Benutzergruppe (Btx, Datex-J)<br />
GBIC Gigabit Interface Converter<br />
GBIF Global Biodiversity Information Facility<br />
GBJ Graph Based Backjumping<br />
GBN Global Business Network<br />
GC Game Computer<br />
GC Garbage Collection<br />
GC Global Catalogue<br />
GC Grid Computing<br />
GCA Graphic Communications Association, USA<br />
GCAD Geographical Computer Aided Design System<br />
GCC Generic Conference Control<br />
GCC GNU C Compiler (gcc)<br />
GCC GNU Compiler Collection<br />
GCF Gatekeeper Confirmation<br />
GCFA GIAC Certified Forensics Analyst<br />
GCI General Circuit Interface<br />
GCL Golden Common LISP<br />
GCN Global Challenge Network<br />
GCR Gray Component Replacement<br />
GCR Group Coded Recording<br />
GCS Gauss Centre for Supercomputing
266ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
GCS Gauss Centre for Supercomputing<br />
GCS Geek of Computer Science (Slang)<br />
GCT Gate Controlled Thyristor<br />
GDA Gesellschaft für Digitale Archivierungstechnik<br />
GDA Global Data Area<br />
GDA Global Directory Agent<br />
GDB Genome Database<br />
GDDM Graphics Data Display Manager<br />
GDE Generic Decryption Engine<br />
GDF Geographic Data Format<br />
GDI Graphic Device Interface<br />
GDLM GFS Distributed Lock Manager<br />
GDMO Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects (OSI)<br />
GDN Government Data Network (UK)<br />
GDOI Group Domain Of Interpretation<br />
GDOS Graphics Device Operating System<br />
GDP Generalized Drawing Primitive<br />
GDPDU Grundsätze zum Datenzugriff und zur Prüfbarkeit digitaler Unter<br />
GDPS Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex (IBM)<br />
GDR Global Data Router<br />
GDR Grinning, Ducking and Running (Slang)<br />
GDRVVF Grinning, Ducking and Running Very, Very Fast (Slang)<br />
GDS Global Directory Service<br />
GDT Global Descriptor Table<br />
GDT Grand Dictionaire Terminologique<br />
GDTRC Global Descriptor Table Register Cache<br />
GE Geek of Engineering (Slang)<br />
GE General Electric Company<br />
GE Gigabit Ethernet<br />
GE Graphic Escape<br />
GEA Gigabit Ethernet Alliance<br />
GEB Gödel, Escher, Bach<br />
GEC Green Electronics Council<br />
GECOS General Electric Comprehensive Operating System<br />
GEDA GNU Electronic Design Automation<br />
GEDIG German EDIF Interest Group<br />
GEGL Generic Graphics Library<br />
GEHR Good European Health Record<br />
GEIS General Electric Information Services<br />
GEM Global Enterprise Management
GEM Globally Executable MHP<br />
GEM Graphics Environment Manager<br />
GEMA Gesellschaft für musikalische Aufführungsrechte<br />
GEMS Global Enterprise Management of Storage<br />
GEN Global European Network<br />
GENA General Event Notification Architecture<br />
GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit<br />
GEOSAR Geostationary Search And Rescue<br />
GEP Good Engineering Practice<br />
GET Ground Elapsed Time<br />
GEZ Gebühreneinzugszentrale<br />
GFC General/Generic Flow Control<br />
GFC Going For Coffee (Slang)<br />
GFDL GNU Free Documentation License<br />
GFG Ganz Freches Grinsen (Slang)<br />
GFG Gift From God (Slang)<br />
GFR Guaranteed Frame Rate<br />
GFS Global/Google File System<br />
GFSK Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying<br />
GFY Good For You (Slang)<br />
GFY Go Find Yourself (Slang)<br />
GG Gadu-Gadu<br />
GGF Global Grid Forum<br />
GGI General/Generic Graphical/Graphics Interface<br />
GGP Gateway to Gateway Protocol<br />
GGS Gütegemeinschaft Software e. V., Köln<br />
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node<br />
GHC Glasgow Haskell Compiler<br />
GHF Grosshandels-Flatrate<br />
GHN Get Hold Next<br />
GHT Geographic Hash Table<br />
GHU Get Hold Unique<br />
GI Gesellschaft für Informatik e. V.<br />
GIAC Global Information Assurance Certification<br />
GIBN Global Interoperability for Broadband Networks<br />
GID Group Identifier/Identification<br />
GIF Graphics Interchange Format<br />
GIFT GNU Image Finding Tool<br />
GIGO Garbage In, Garbage/Gospel Out (Slang)<br />
GII Global Information Infrastructure<br />
267
268ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
GIIS Grid Index Information Service<br />
GILC Global Internet Liberty Campaign<br />
GILS Government Information Locator Service<br />
GILT Globalization, Internationalization, Localization, Translation<br />
GIMP GNU Image Manipulation Program<br />
GIMPS Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search<br />
GIOP General Inter-ORB Protocol<br />
GIP Global Internet Project<br />
GIP GPS/GSM Interworking Profile<br />
GIPS Giga-Instructions Per Second<br />
GIS Geographic Information System<br />
GISC Generic Intelligent System Controller<br />
GIT GNU Interactive Tools<br />
GIWIST Gee I Wish I’d Said That (Slang)<br />
GIX Global Internet Exchange<br />
GK Gatekeeper<br />
GKMP Group Key Management Protocol<br />
GKS Graphical Kernel System<br />
GKV Geschäftskundenvertrieb (Telekom)<br />
GL Graphics Language<br />
GLASS Globally Accessible Services<br />
GLDV Gesellschaft für Linguistische Datenverarbeitung<br />
GLIN Global Legal Information Network<br />
GLL Geographic Position - Latidtude/Longitude (message)<br />
GLONASS Global Navigation Satellite System<br />
GLP Government License Program<br />
GLT Gebäudeleittechnik<br />
GLU General Logic Unit<br />
GLUE Global User Environment<br />
GLV Global Line Vectorization<br />
GLX OpenGL Extension for the X Window System<br />
GM General MIDI<br />
GMC Global Motion Compensation<br />
GMD Gesellschaft für Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung<br />
GMDS Global Managed Data Services<br />
GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System<br />
GME Gesellschaft Mikroelektronik im VDE<br />
GMHS Global Message Handling System<br />
GMII Gigabit Media Independent Interface<br />
GML Generalized/Geographic Markup Language
269<br />
GMM Gamut Map Model<br />
GMMP Global Memory, Message Passing<br />
GMP GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library<br />
GMPLS Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching<br />
GMR Giant Magneto Resistance/Resistive (Head)<br />
GMRP GARP Multicast Registration Protocol<br />
GMS Global Messaging Service (Novell)<br />
GMSC Gateway Mobile Switching Centre<br />
GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (Modulation)<br />
GMSV Global Memory, Shared Variables<br />
GMT Generic Mapping Tools<br />
GMT Greenwich Mean/Meridian Time<br />
GMX Global Message Exchange<br />
GN Group Ad-hoc Network Point<br />
GNA Globewide Network Academy<br />
GNATS GNATS’s A Tracking System<br />
GND Ground<br />
GNF Greibach Normal Form<br />
GNI Gesellschaft für Angewandte Neuroinformatik<br />
GNI Grenoble Network Initiative<br />
GNKSA Good Net-Keeping Seal of Approval<br />
GNN Global Network Navigator<br />
GNOME GNU Network Object Model Environment<br />
GNS Global Name Service<br />
GNS Global Name Space<br />
GNS Global Navigation Satellite/System<br />
GNS Global Network Security/Services/Simulation/Solutions<br />
GNS GPS Navigation Systems<br />
GNS Grid Network Service<br />
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System<br />
GNU GNU’s Not UNIX<br />
GO Geek of Other<br />
GOB Group Of Blocks<br />
GOBS Grundsätze ordnungsgemässer DV-gestützter Buchführungssy<br />
GOC General Operators Certificate<br />
GOCC Government Open Code Collaborative<br />
GOD Global Out Dial<br />
GOEP Generic Object Exchange Profile<br />
GOES Geostationary/Geosynchronous Operational/Orbiting Environm<br />
GOK God Only Knows (Slang)
270ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
GOL Game Of Life<br />
GOMS Goal, Operators, Methods, Selection<br />
GOP Group Of Pictures<br />
GOS Global Overseas Service<br />
GOS Grundsätze ordnungsgemässer Speicherbuchführung<br />
GOSIP Government OSI Profile<br />
GOSPL Generalized Open Source Programmable Logic<br />
GOST Gosudarstvennyy Standart (EASC)<br />
GOT Global Offset Table<br />
GOUV Grizzled Old Unix Veteran (Slang)<br />
GOV Government; Internet-Domain: Behörden in USA<br />
GP Game Port<br />
GP Gas Plasma<br />
GP General Purpose<br />
GP Green Pages<br />
GPA GNU Privacy Assistant<br />
GPA Ground Plane Antenna<br />
GPC General Purpose Computer<br />
GPF General Protection Fault/Failure<br />
GPFS General Parallel File System (IBM)<br />
GPGPU General Purpose Computation on Graphics Processing Unit<br />
GPI General Purpose Interface<br />
GPI Graphics Programming Interface<br />
GPIB General Purpose Interface Bus<br />
GPIM Gigabit Interface Module<br />
GPL General Public License (GNU)<br />
GPL Graphics Programming Language<br />
GPNV General Purpose Non-Volatile (Area)<br />
GPON Gigabit Passive Optical Network<br />
GPP Generic Packetized Protocol<br />
GPR Global Position Receiver<br />
GPRS General Packet Radio Service<br />
GPS General Problem Solver<br />
GPS Generalized Processor Sharing<br />
GPS Global Pizza Service<br />
GPS Global Positioning Satellite/System<br />
GPS Graphical Process Statistics<br />
GPSR Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing<br />
GPSS General Purpose Simulation System<br />
GPT GUID Partition Table
271<br />
GPU Graphic/Graphical Processing/Processor Unit<br />
GQL Graphical Query Language<br />
GQM Goal, Question, Metric<br />
GQOS Guaranteed Quality Of Service<br />
GRA Group Random Access<br />
GRACCE Grand Challenge Computational Environment<br />
GRAM Globus Resource Allocation Manager<br />
GRASP General Robotics, Automation, Sensing and Perception<br />
GRD Grinning, Running + Ducking (Slang)<br />
GRE Generic Router/Routing Encapsulation (CISCO)<br />
GRE Graphics Engine<br />
GREAT Graphical Environment And Desktop<br />
GREP Global Regular Expression and Print<br />
GRIB Gridded Binary (code, data format)<br />
GRID Global Resource Identifier<br />
GRIO Guaranteed Input Output Bandwidth<br />
GRIS Grid Resource Information Service<br />
GRJ Gatekeeper Reject<br />
GRL Global Revocation List<br />
GRP General Registration Protocol<br />
GRQ Gatekeeper Request<br />
GRS Generic Record Syntax<br />
GRUB Grand Unified Bootloader<br />
GS Geek of Science<br />
GS Geprüfte Sicherheit (TÜV)<br />
GS Global Store<br />
GS Group Separator<br />
GSA Global Mobile Suppliers Association<br />
GSA Global Security Architecture<br />
GSE Graphical Setup Environment<br />
GSF Ghostscript Font<br />
GSFDL GNU Simpler Free Documentation License<br />
GSI Generic Software Interface<br />
GSI Grid Security Infrastructure<br />
GSID Global Server Identifier<br />
GSL GNU Scientific Library<br />
GSL Graphics Subroutine Library<br />
GSLB Global Server Load Balancing<br />
GSM Global Shared Memory<br />
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
272ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
GSM Group Speciale Mobile<br />
GSMA Global Scheduling Multiple Access<br />
GSMP General/Generic/Global Switch Management Protocol<br />
GSNW Gateway Services for Netware<br />
GSO Generic Segmentation Offload<br />
GSO Geosynchronous Orbit<br />
GSOC German Space Operations Center<br />
GSR Gigabit Switching Router<br />
GSS Generic Security Services<br />
GSS Group Support System<br />
GSSAPI Generic Security Service Application Program Interface<br />
GST Gebäudesystemtechnik<br />
GST Greedy String Tiling (Algorithm)<br />
GST Greenwich Sidereal Time<br />
GSTN General/Global Switched Telephone Network<br />
GSUG German Smalltalk Users Group<br />
GSX Graphics System Extension<br />
GT Global Teach<br />
GT Globus Toolkit<br />
GT Group Technology<br />
GTE Geometry Transfer Engine<br />
GTF General Timing Formula (VESA)<br />
GTL Gunning Transceiver Logic<br />
GTLD Generic Top Level Domain<br />
GTO Gate Turn Off<br />
GTP Go Text Protocol<br />
GTR Grafikfähiger Taschenrechner<br />
GTS Global Telecommunication System<br />
GTS Global Time Server/Service<br />
GTT Global Title Translation<br />
GTUBE Generic Test for Unsolicited Bulk Email<br />
GU Gabelumschalter<br />
GU Geek Undecided<br />
GUD Grand Unified Debugger<br />
GUI Graphical User Interface<br />
GUID Globally Unique Identifier<br />
GUL Groupe d’Utilisateurs de Linux<br />
GULM Global Universal Lock Manager<br />
GULM Grand Unified Lock Manager<br />
GULP Graph Unification Logic Programming
273<br />
GUMM Gurus of UNIX Meeting of Minds<br />
GUN Gemeinschaft der UNIX-Anwender Niederrhein<br />
GUP Generic Ultimate Protocol<br />
GURN GNSS Upper Rhine Graben Network<br />
GUS Ground Uplink System<br />
GUS Guide to the Use of Standards (OSI)<br />
GUUG German/Galactic Unix User Group<br />
GV Gebäudeverteiler<br />
GV Gestattungsvertrag<br />
GVBD Götz-von-Berlichingen-Dämon (Internet)<br />
GVH Gesamtverzeichnis deutschsprachiger Hochschulschriften<br />
GVIF Gigabit Video Interface<br />
GVM Grafik, Visualisierung, Mediadienste<br />
GVN Global Value Numbering<br />
GVPN Global Virtual Private Network<br />
GVRP GARP VLAN Registration Protocol<br />
GVT Global Virtual Time<br />
GVU Gesellschaft zur Verfolgung von Urheberrechtsverletzungen<br />
GVU Graphics Visualization and Usability<br />
GVV Gewählte virtuelle Verbindung<br />
GW Gateway<br />
GW Gleichwelle<br />
GW Grenzwelle<br />
GWDG Gesellschaft für Wissenschaftliche Datenverarbeitung Götting<br />
GWEN Ground Wave Emergency Network<br />
GWIA Groupwise Internet Agent<br />
GWIN Gigabyte Wissenschafts-Netz, G-WIN<br />
GWL Gateway Link<br />
GWM Generic Window Manager<br />
GYM Google, Yahoo, Microsoft<br />
GZS Gesellschaft für Zahlungssysteme<br />
H Hardware, High, Home<br />
H4P High-Performance Parallel Processor Project<br />
HA Halbaddierer<br />
HA Half Adder<br />
HA High Availability/Aperture<br />
HA Home Agent/Appliances<br />
HAAPI Human Authentication Application Program Interface
274ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
HAARP High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program/Project<br />
HAB Host Adapter Board<br />
HAC Hierarchical Arc Consistency<br />
HAC High Availability Cluster<br />
HACMP High Availability Cluster Management Protocol<br />
HACMP High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing (IBM)<br />
HACS Hazard Assessment Computer System<br />
HADA High Availability Disk Array<br />
HAK Hugs And Kisses (Slang)<br />
HAL Hard Array Logic<br />
HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer<br />
HAL Heuristically programmed Algorithmic Computer<br />
HAL House Programmed Array Logic<br />
HAM Hypertext Abstract Machine<br />
HAND Have A Nice Day (Slang)<br />
HANFS Highly Available Network File System<br />
HAP Host Access Protocol<br />
HAREC Harmonized Amateur Radio Examination Certificate<br />
HAS Hauptanschluss<br />
HASP Houston Automatic Spooling Package/Priority<br />
HB Home Banking<br />
HBA Host Bus Adapter<br />
HBC Home Banking Computer<br />
HBCDC High Bandwidth Cellular Data Channel<br />
HBCI Home Banking Computer Interface<br />
HBES Home and Building Electronic Systems<br />
HBO Host Byte Order<br />
HBS Home Bus System<br />
HCA Heartbeat Collision Avoidance<br />
HCA Host Channel Adapter<br />
HCCSM High Performance Common Channel Signalling Modul<br />
HCD Host Controller Device/Driver<br />
HCF Halt and Catch Fire (Slang)<br />
HCF Hybrid Distribution Function<br />
HCI Host Controller Interface (USB, Firewire, Bluetooth etc.)<br />
HCI Human Computer Interaction/Interface<br />
HCLP Hierarchical Constraint Logic Programming<br />
HCMOS High Speed CMOS<br />
HCN Hierarchical Cache Network<br />
HCP Hardware Control Protocol
275<br />
HCP Host Configuration Protocol<br />
HCRP Hardcopy Replacement Profile<br />
HCS Header Check Sequence<br />
HCT Hardware Compatibility Test<br />
HCT Home Communication Terminal<br />
HCVQ Hierarchical Classified Vector Quantization<br />
HD Hard Disk<br />
HD Heavy Duty<br />
HD High Definition/Density<br />
HD Hilfskanal Datenleitung<br />
HDA Head and Disk Assembly<br />
HDA High Definition Audio<br />
HDAP High Definition Audio Performance<br />
HDAP Home Digital Audio Platform<br />
HDB High Density Bipolar (code)<br />
HDB HoneyDanBer (P. Honeyman, D. A. Nowitz, B. E. Redman) (uu<br />
HDB3 High Density Bipolar Code of Order 3<br />
HDC Hard Disk Controller<br />
HDC Hash Distributed Caching<br />
HDCD High Definition Compatible Digital<br />
HDCD High Density Compact Disk<br />
HDCP High Bandwidth Digital Content Protection<br />
HDCP High Definition Content Protection<br />
HDD Hard Disk Drive, High Definition Display<br />
HDDVD High Density Digital Versatile Disc<br />
HDF HDSL Dual Framer<br />
HDF Hierarchical Data Format<br />
HDI Head to Disk Interference<br />
HDL Hierarchical Design Language<br />
HDLC High Level Data Link Control (Protocol)<br />
HDM Hardware Device Module<br />
HDMI High Definition Multimedia Interface<br />
HDML Handheld Device Markup Language<br />
HDN Hochgeschwindigkeits-Datennetz<br />
HDOP Horizontal Dilution Of Precison<br />
HDPLD High Density Programmable Logic Device<br />
HDR HDSL Dual Regenerator<br />
HDR Header<br />
HDR High Dynamic Range<br />
HDRI High Dynamic Range Imaging
276ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
HDRR High Dynamic Range Rendering<br />
HDS High Definition System<br />
HDSC High Density Signal Carrier<br />
HDSL High Bit/Data Rate/Speed Digital Subscriber Line/Link/Loop<br />
HDT High Definition Telephony<br />
HDTV High Definition Television<br />
HDW Hardware<br />
HDX Half Duplex<br />
HE Head End<br />
HE High Efficiency<br />
HE Höheneinheit (in Racks)<br />
HEA Health/Higher Education Authority<br />
HEAAC High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coder/Coding<br />
HEAT Helpdesk Expert Automation Tool<br />
HEC Header Error Check/Control<br />
HECTOR Heterogeneous Computer Together<br />
HEHO Head End Hop Off<br />
HEL Hardware Emulation Layer<br />
HEM Home, Entertainment, Multimedia<br />
HEMP High-level Entity Management Protocol (Internet)<br />
HEMS High-level Entity Management System (Internet)<br />
HEMT High Electron Mobility Transistor<br />
HEN Home Entertainment Network<br />
HENSA Higher Education National Software Archive<br />
HEO Highly Elliptical Orbit<br />
HEP Heterogenous Element/multi Processor<br />
HEPNET High Energy Physics Network<br />
HERF High Energy Radio Frequency<br />
HERT HERT/Hackers’ Emergency Response Team<br />
HES Home Electronic System (Siemens)<br />
HESSLA Hacktivismo Enhanced-Source Software License Agreement<br />
HEX hexadezimal<br />
HF High Frequency/Functionality<br />
HF Hochfrequenz<br />
HFC Hybrid Fiber Coax (Network)<br />
HFD Hauptanschluss für Direktwahl/Direktruf<br />
HFD Hot Fix Device<br />
HFEP Host Front End Protocol<br />
HFM High Frequency Mode<br />
HFP Hands Free Profile
277<br />
HFRG Gesetz über den Betrieb von Hochfrequenzgeräten<br />
HFS Hierarchical File System<br />
HFT High Function Terminal<br />
HFT Hochschule für Technik, Stuttgart<br />
HGA Head Gimbal Assembly<br />
HGA Hercules Graphics Adapter<br />
HGA High Gain Antenna<br />
HGC Hercules Graphics Card/Controller<br />
HGML Hyper Graphics Markup Language<br />
HGZH Hoffe Geholfen Zu Haben (Slang)<br />
HHI Heinrich-Hertz-Institut, Berlin<br />
HHOK Ha Ha Only Kidding (Slang)<br />
HHOS Ha Ha Only Serious (Slang)<br />
HI Handover Interface<br />
HID Human Interface Device (Profile)<br />
HIDS Host-based/Hybrid Intrusion Detection System<br />
HIFD High Density Floppy Disk<br />
HIFI Hypertext Interface For Information<br />
HIL Hardware In the Loop<br />
HIL Human Interface Link (HP)<br />
HILI High Level Interface<br />
HINFO Host Information (Record)<br />
HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, USA<br />
HIPER High Performance European Radio<br />
HIPPI High Performance Parallel Interface<br />
HIPS Host Intrusion Prevention System<br />
HIS House Information System<br />
HISA Health Informatics Service Architecture<br />
HISA Healthcare Information System Architecture<br />
HK Host Key<br />
HKSCS Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set<br />
HL Halbleiter<br />
HL Hop Level (Flow Control)<br />
HLCO High Low Close Open<br />
HLDS Hitachi LG Data Storage<br />
HLL High Level Language<br />
HLLAPI HLL Application Program Interface<br />
HLM Heterogeneous LAN Management<br />
HLQ High Level Qualifier<br />
HLR Home Location Register
278ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
HLRN Höchstleistungsrechenzentrum Nord<br />
HLRN Norddeutscher Verbund für Hoch- und Höchstleistungsrechnen<br />
HLRS Höchstleistungsrechenzentrum Stuttgart<br />
HLRZ Hochleistungsrechenzentrum<br />
HLS Hue, Lightness/Luminance, Saturation (Farbmodell)<br />
HLT Halt<br />
HM Hilfskanal Meldeleitung<br />
HMA High Memory Area<br />
HMA Hub Management Architecture<br />
HMAC (keyed) Hash Message Authentication Code<br />
HMC Hardware Management Console<br />
HMC Her/His Majesty’s Computer (Fun)<br />
HMD Head/Helmet Mounted Display<br />
HMI Horizontal Motion Index<br />
HMI Human Machine Interface<br />
HMMP Hypermedia Management Protocol<br />
HMMS Hypermedia Management Scheme<br />
HMOS High Density Metal Oxide Semiconductor<br />
HMOS High Speed Metal Oxide Semiconductor<br />
HMP Heterogeneous Multi-Processing<br />
HMP Host Monitoring Protocol<br />
HMUX Hybrid Multiplexer<br />
HOB Head Of Bus<br />
HOB Hierarchical Operational Binding<br />
HOH HDSL Overhead Bit Handling<br />
HOL Higher Order Logic<br />
HON Health On the Net<br />
HOP Homecast Open Protocol<br />
HOPTE High Order Path Terminating Equipment<br />
HOS Health Online Service<br />
HOW Hand Over Word<br />
HP Hewlett-Packard<br />
HP Hochpass<br />
HP Home Page<br />
HPA Host Protected Area<br />
HPB Half Power Bandwidth<br />
HPC Handheld Personal Computer<br />
HPC Health Professional Card<br />
HPC High Performance Cluster/Computing<br />
HPCA High Performance Computing Act
279<br />
HPCC High Performance Computing Challenge<br />
HPCC High Performance Computing and Communications<br />
HPCI High Performance Computing Initiative<br />
HPCRC High Performance Computing Research Center<br />
HPCS High Performance Communication Server<br />
HPDPS Hewlett-Packard Distributed Print System<br />
HPDS High Performance Data System<br />
HPET High Precision Event Timer<br />
HPF High Performance FORTRAN<br />
HPFL Hewlett-Packard Fiber Optic Link<br />
HPFS High Performance File System (OS/2)<br />
HPGL Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language<br />
HPI Host Port Interface<br />
HPIB Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus<br />
HPL Home Product Link<br />
HPLIP Hewlett-Packard Linux Imaging and Printing<br />
HPM Hardware Performance Monitor<br />
HPM Hyper Page Mode<br />
HPOFS High Performance Optical File System<br />
HPPA Hewlett-Packard Precision Architecture<br />
HPPI High Performance Parallel Interface<br />
HPPS Hewlett-Packard Payment Scheme<br />
HPQ Hewlett-Packard Compaq<br />
HPR High Performance Routing<br />
HPSB High Performance Serial Bus (FireWire)<br />
HPSC High Performance Scientific Computing<br />
HPSL Hewlett-Packard Support Line<br />
HPSN High Performance Scalable Networking<br />
HPSS High Performance Storage System<br />
HPTC3 High Prformance Technical Computing Competence Center<br />
HQ High Quality<br />
HR High Reflection (Display)<br />
HR High Resolution<br />
HRC Half Rate Channel<br />
HRC Hybrid Ring Control<br />
HRG High Resolution Graphics<br />
HRIS Human Resource Information System<br />
HRM Hopwise Reliable Multicast<br />
HRMS Human Resource Management System<br />
HRN Heterogenes Rechnernetz
280ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
HRNG Hardware Random Number Generator<br />
HRRN Highest Response Ratio Next<br />
HRS Hotel Reservation Service<br />
HRT High Resolution Telemetry<br />
HRTF Head Related Transfer Function<br />
HRZ Hochschul-Rechenzentrum<br />
HS High Speed<br />
HS Hilfskanal Steuerleitung<br />
HSB Hue, Saturation, Brightness<br />
HSC High Speed Channel/Connect<br />
HSCC Home-based Server-less Cooperative Caching<br />
HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data<br />
HSD High Speed Data<br />
HSDN High Speed Data Network<br />
HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access<br />
HSDT High Speed Data Transport<br />
HSI Hardware-Software-Interface<br />
HSI Hayes Synchronous Interface<br />
HSI Hue, Saturation, Intensity<br />
HSIK How Should I Know (Slang)<br />
HSIM High Speed Interface Module<br />
HSL Hierarchical Specific Language<br />
HSLAN High Speed Local Area Network<br />
HSLFX Hierarchical Specification Language - Function Extension<br />
HSM Herzschrittmacher<br />
HSM Hierarchical Storage Management/Manager<br />
HSMD High Speed Mobile Data<br />
HSO Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe für Online-Süchtige e. V.<br />
HSP Headset Profile<br />
HSP High Speed Peering<br />
HSP High Speed Printer/Processor<br />
HSP High Speed Publishing<br />
HSPA High Speed Packet Access<br />
HSPI High Speed Parallel Interface<br />
HSPS High Speed Peripheral Shelf<br />
HSRP Hot Standby Router Protocol (Cisco)<br />
HSSDC High Speed Serial Data Connection/Connector<br />
HSSG High Speed Study Group<br />
HSSI High Speed Serial Interface<br />
HST High Speed Technology/Telegraphy
281<br />
HSTR High Speed Token Ring<br />
HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access<br />
HSV Hue, Saturation, Value (Farbmodell)<br />
HSYNC Horizontal Synchronization (signal)<br />
HT High Tension<br />
HT Horizontal Tabulator<br />
HT Hyper Threading<br />
HTA High Temperature Alarm<br />
HTB Hierarchical Token Bucket<br />
HTC High Throughput Cluster<br />
HTCC High Temperature Cofired Ceramic<br />
HTCP Hyper Text Caching Protocol<br />
HTFS High Throughput File System<br />
HTH Hope This/That Helps (Slang)<br />
HTML Hypertext Markup Language<br />
HTMPL Hypertext Markup with Perl Language<br />
HTPC Home Theatre Personal Computer<br />
HTSI Host Transport Service Interface<br />
HTT Hyper-Threading Technology<br />
HTTP Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (Internet)<br />
HTTPS Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol Secure/Security/over TLS/SSL (I<br />
HTX HTML Extensions<br />
HUC Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing<br />
HUD Heads Up Display<br />
HUGO Holland Users Group for OS/2<br />
HV High Voltage<br />
HVC Hue (Farbton), Value (Helligkeit), Chroma (Buntheit)<br />
HVD High Voltage Differential (SCSI)<br />
HVD Holographic Versatile Disc<br />
HVM Hardware Virtual Machine<br />
HVP Horizontal + Vertical Position<br />
HVT Hauptverteiler<br />
HVV Hyperlink Vector Voting<br />
HW Hardware<br />
HWANS Hinweisansage<br />
HWCP Hardware Code Page<br />
HWID Hardware Identifier<br />
HWMP Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol<br />
HWS Ham/Haskell Web Server<br />
HWS Hybrid Wireless Satellite
282ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
HYTEA Hypertext Authoring Environment<br />
I Ident, Indicator, Information, Integrated, International, Internet<br />
I18N Internationalization<br />
I2O Intelligent Input/Output<br />
I3 IMA Interoperability Initiative<br />
I4DL Interface, Inheritance, Implementation, Installation Definition Lan<br />
IA Identification & Authentication, I&A<br />
IA Information Appliance<br />
IA Intelligent Applications<br />
IA International Alphabet<br />
IA Interworking Implementation Agreement<br />
IAA Intel Application Accelerator<br />
IAAS Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, Berlin<br />
IAB Individual Address Block<br />
IAB International Academy of Broadcasting<br />
IAB Internet Activities/Architecture Board<br />
IAB Internet Advertising Bureau, UK<br />
IAC In Any Case (Slang)<br />
IAC Inquiry Access Code<br />
IAC Interapplication Communication (Apple)<br />
IACK Information Acknowledgement<br />
IACR International Association for Cryptologic Research<br />
IAD Integrated Access Device<br />
IAD Internet Addiction Disorder<br />
IAE In Any Event (Slang)<br />
IAE ISDN Anschalteinheit/Anschlusseinheit<br />
IAEL International Association of Entertainment Lawyers<br />
IAFA Internet Anonymous FTP Archive<br />
IAG Industry Advisory Group (Novell)<br />
IAHC Internet International Ad Hoc Committee<br />
IAI Internet Applications Integration<br />
IAL Intel Architecture Labs<br />
IAL International Algebraic Language (ALGOL)<br />
IAM Institute of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Bern<br />
IAMCE ISDN Access Module Control Element<br />
IAMT Intel Advanced Management Technology<br />
IAN Integrated Access Node<br />
IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
283<br />
IANAL I Am Not A Lawyer (Slang)<br />
IAOG International Administrative Management Domains Operator<br />
IAP Internet Access Policy/Provider<br />
IAP ISDN Access Internetworking Profile<br />
IAR Institut für Automation und Robotik<br />
IARP International Amateur Radio Permission<br />
IARP Inverse Address Resolution Protocol<br />
IARU International Amateur Radio Union<br />
IAS Information Access System<br />
IASG Internet Addiction Support Group<br />
IASNET Institute for Automated Systems Network<br />
IASS Internet Alphaserver System Software<br />
IAT Import Address Table<br />
IATE Inter Active Terminology for Europe<br />
IAUG International AIX Users Group<br />
IAX Inter-Asterisk Exchange Protocol<br />
IB In Betrieb<br />
IB Intelligent Backtracking<br />
IBA Independent Broadcasting Authority<br />
IBA Intel Boot Agent<br />
IBAC In Band Adjacent Channel<br />
IBAN International Bank Account Number<br />
IBC Illinois Benedictine College (Gutenberg-Projekt)<br />
IBC Inadequate But Cute (Slang)<br />
IBC Inter Base Component<br />
IBC International Broadcasting Convention<br />
IBCN Integrated Broadband Communication Network<br />
IBCS1 Intel Binary Compatibility Specification Edition 1<br />
IBDWT Irrational Based Discrete Weighted Transform<br />
IBFD Interessengemeinschaft Blinder Funkamateure Deutschlands<br />
IBIA International Biometric Industry Association<br />
IBL Input Buffer Limit<br />
IBM International Business Machines (Big Blue)<br />
IBN International Booking Network<br />
IBO Inter Base Object<br />
IBOC In Band On Channel<br />
IBOND Intelligent Business On Demand<br />
IBP Institut Blaise Pascal, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Franc<br />
IBS Integriertes Banken-System<br />
IBS Intelsat Business Services
284ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
IBSS Independent Basic Service Set<br />
TSF Timing Synchronization Function<br />
IBT Internet Based Training<br />
IBTD I Beg To Differ (Slang)<br />
IBU Informationsverbund Buchhandel<br />
IBX Individualized Blackbox Component (Microsoft)<br />
IC I See (Slang)<br />
IC In Characters (Slang)<br />
IC Incoming Call<br />
IC Information Centre<br />
IC Input/Integrated Circuit<br />
IC Instruction Cache<br />
IC Interexchange Carrier<br />
IC Interrupt Controller<br />
ICA Image Component Attribute<br />
ICA Independent Component Analysis<br />
ICA Independent Computing Architecture<br />
ICA Intelligent Channels/Console Architecture<br />
ICA Intelligent Communication Adapter<br />
ICA Interface Connector Assembly<br />
ICALP International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programm<br />
ICAM Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing<br />
ICAN Individual Customer Access Network<br />
ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers<br />
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization<br />
ICAP Integrated Computer Aided Production<br />
ICARE International Council for Amateur Radio in Education<br />
ICAS Information Communication Assistance System<br />
ICAS Intel Communicating Applications Specifications<br />
ICB Interface Control Board<br />
ICBM Inter-continental Ballistic Messenger<br />
ICC Integrated Circuit Card<br />
ICC Intelligent Channel Controller<br />
ICC International Color Consortium<br />
ICC International Conference on Communications<br />
ICCB Internet Control and Configuration Board<br />
ICCC International Conference on Computer Communications<br />
ICCCM Interclient Communications Conventions Manual<br />
ICCE International Conference on Consumer Electronics<br />
ICCHP International Conference on Computers for Handicapped Persons
285<br />
ICCS Integrated Communications Cabling System (Siemens)<br />
ICD International Code Designator<br />
ICDE International Conference on Data Engineering<br />
ICE Image Correction and Enhancement<br />
ICE In-Circuit Emulator/Emulation<br />
ICE Information Content Exchange<br />
ICE Integrated Communication Environment<br />
ICE Inter Client Exchange (Protocol)<br />
ICF Interact Communication Facility<br />
ICE Internal Compiler Error<br />
ICE Internet Communications Engine<br />
ICF Internet Connection Firewall<br />
ICG Inversive Congruential (random number) Generator<br />
ICG Interface Coordination Group<br />
ICH I/O Contoller Hub<br />
ICI Inter/Interexchange Carrier Interface<br />
ICI Information Science Institute<br />
ICIA International Communications Industries Association<br />
ICIP ICI Protocol<br />
ICL Interface Clear<br />
ICM Image Color Management/Matching<br />
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol<br />
ICN Information and Communication Network<br />
ICN Integrated Computing Network<br />
ICO Information Commissioner’s Office<br />
ICO Intermediate Circular Orbit<br />
ICOCBW I Could, Of Course, Be Wrong (Slang)<br />
ICP Input Control Procedure<br />
ICP Integrated Channel Processor<br />
ICP Interconnection Partner<br />
ICP Internet Cache Protocol<br />
ICP Internet Content Provider<br />
ICPC (ACM) International Collegiate Programming Contest<br />
ICQ I Seek You (Slang)<br />
ICR Information Collection Request<br />
ICR Initial Cell Rate<br />
ICR Intelligent Character Recognition<br />
ICRA Internet Content Rating Association<br />
ICS IBM Cabling System<br />
ICS Integrated Communication Services
286ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
ICS Internet Chess Server<br />
ICS Internet Connecting/Connection Sharing (Microsoft)<br />
ICS Intuitive Command Structure<br />
ICSA International Customer Service Association<br />
ICSTIS Independent Committee for the Supervision of Standards of Teleph<br />
ICT Information and Communication Technology<br />
ICTF Internet Content Task Force<br />
ICU ISA Configuration Utility<br />
ICU Instruction Cache Unit<br />
ICU International Components for Unicode<br />
ICV Integrity Check Value<br />
ICX Inter Cartridge Exchange<br />
ID Identification, Identifier<br />
ID Instruction Decode<br />
ID Internet Draft<br />
ID Intrusion Detection<br />
IDA Independent/Intelligent Disk/Drive Array<br />
IDA Interactive Debugging Aid<br />
IDAPI Integrated Database Application Programming Interface<br />
IDB Integrated Database<br />
IDC I Don’t Care (Slang)<br />
IDC International Data Corporation<br />
IDC Internet Database Connector<br />
IDC Item Description Code<br />
IDCT Inverse Discrete Cosine Tranform/Transformation<br />
IDD International Direct/Distance Dialling<br />
IDE Integrated Development Environment<br />
IDE Integrated Device/Drive Electronics<br />
IDE Interactive Design and Engineering<br />
IDE Interface Design Enhancement<br />
IDEA International Data Encryption Algorithm<br />
IDF Intel Developer Forum<br />
IDF Intermediate Distribution Frame<br />
IDF Inverse Document Frequency<br />
IDI Initial Domain Identifier<br />
IDI ISDN Driver Interface<br />
IDK Interessengemeinschaft Datenkommunikation<br />
IDL Interactive Data Language<br />
IDL Interface/Internet Definition Language<br />
IDM Identity Management
287<br />
IDM Improved/Integrated Data Modem<br />
IDM Intelligent Device Management<br />
IDM Internet Download Manager<br />
IDMS Imaging and Document Management System<br />
IDMS Integrated Database Management System<br />
IDN Identification Number<br />
IDN Integriertes Datennetz, Integrated Digital Network<br />
IDN Internationalized Domain Name<br />
IDP Initial Domain Part<br />
IDP Integrated Data Processing<br />
IDP Internet Datagram Protocol<br />
IDR Intergalactic Digital Research<br />
IDR Intermediate Data Rate Service<br />
IDRP Interdomain Routing Protocol<br />
IDS Integrated Data System<br />
IDS Intrusion Detection System<br />
IDSL ISDN Digital Subscriber Line<br />
IDST I Didn’t Say That (Slang)<br />
IDT Improved Definition Television<br />
IDT Interrupt Descriptor Table<br />
IDTRC Interrupt Descriptor Table Register Cache<br />
IDTS I Don’t Think So (Slang)<br />
IDTV Improved Definition Television<br />
IDU Interface Data Unit<br />
IDXP Intrusion Detection Exchange Protocol<br />
IE Information Element<br />
IEB Institute of Electronic Business, Berlin<br />
IEC Interexchange Carrier<br />
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission<br />
IEC International Engineering Consortium<br />
IECC Intercultural E-mail Classroom Connections<br />
IECQ IEC Quality Assessment System for Electrical Components<br />
IED Intelligent Electronic Device<br />
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers<br />
IEEE/CS IEEE Computer Society<br />
IEF Information Engineering Facility<br />
IEMMC Internet Electronic Mail Marketing Council<br />
IEMP Internal Electromagnetic Pulse<br />
IEN Image Enabled Netware<br />
IEN Internet Engineering/Experiment/Experimental Note
288ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
IEPRC International Electronic Publishing Research Centre<br />
IES Information Exchange System<br />
IES Integrated Election System<br />
IESG Internet Engineering Steering Group<br />
IET Image Enhancement Technology<br />
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force<br />
IETM Interactive Electronic Technical Manual<br />
IEX Imaging Extensions for XWS<br />
IF Intermediate Frequency, Zwischenfrequenz<br />
IFA Internationale Funkausstellung, Berlin<br />
IFC Integrated Factory Control<br />
IFC Industry/Internet Foundation Classes<br />
IFD Image File Directory<br />
IFD Interface Device<br />
IFF Interessengruppe Funkamateure im Fernverkehr<br />
IFF Interchange File Format (Amiga)<br />
IFF Internet Fast Forward<br />
IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transformation<br />
IFG Incoming Fax Gateway<br />
IFG Informationsfreiheitsgesetz<br />
IFG Inter Frame Gap<br />
IFIP International Federation for Information Processing<br />
IFL Integrated Facility for Linux<br />
IFL Internet For Learning<br />
IFMP Ipsilon Flow Management Protocol<br />
IFPI International Federation of the Phonographic Industry<br />
IFRB International Frequency Registration Board<br />
IFS Inter Frame Space<br />
IFS Installable File System (OS/2)<br />
IFS Interchange File Separator<br />
IFS Internal Field Separator<br />
IFU Instruction Fetch Unit<br />
IFU Internationale Fernmeldeunion<br />
IFV Internationaler Fernmeldevertrag<br />
IFVV Internationale feste virtuelle Verbindungen<br />
IFW ISDN for Workgroups (Microsoft)<br />
IFWFW ISDN for Windows for Workgroups (Microsoft)<br />
IG Interactive Graphics<br />
IG Interessengemeinschaft, Interest Group<br />
IG Interior Gateway
289<br />
IGA Integrated Graphics Adaptor/Array<br />
IGBT Insulated/Insulator Gate Bipolar Transistor<br />
IGC Institute for Global/Galactic Communications<br />
IGC Integrated Graphics Controller<br />
IGD (Fraunhofer-)Institut für Grafische Datenverarbeitung, Darms<br />
IGE (Eidgenössisches) Institut für geistiges Eigentum, Bern<br />
IGES Initial Graphics Exchange Specification<br />
IGF Internet Governance Forum<br />
IGIS Interactive Graphics Information System<br />
IGITT Interactive Graphics Information Troubleshooting Technology<br />
IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol<br />
IGN IBM Global Net<br />
IGP Interior Gateway Protocol (Internet)<br />
IGRF International Geomagnetic Reference Field<br />
IGRP Internet/Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (Cisco)<br />
IGS Interchange Group Separator<br />
IGS Internet Go Server<br />
IGTF Internet Governance Task Force<br />
IH In House<br />
IHEM In-House Energy Management<br />
IHL Internet Header Length<br />
IHS Integrated Heat Spreader<br />
IIC Inter Integrated Circuit (Bus)<br />
IID Interface Identifier<br />
IIF Image Interchange Facility<br />
III Institute for Information Industry, Taiwan<br />
IIJ Internet Initiative Japan<br />
IIL Integrated Injection Logic<br />
IIM Identified Internet Mail<br />
IIM Information Interchange Model<br />
IIOP Internet Inter-ORB Protocol<br />
IIP ISDN Intermediate Interworking Profile<br />
IIPS Irrevocably Interruptible Power Supply<br />
IIR Immediate Impulse Response<br />
IIRC If I Remember Correctly (Slang)<br />
IIS Internet Information Server (Microsoft)<br />
IIS Internet Integrated Services<br />
IISP Interim Inter Signalling/Switch Protocol<br />
IITA Information Infrastructure Technology and Applications<br />
IITF Information Infrastructure Task Force, USA
290ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
IITYWYBMAD<br />
If I Tell You Will You Buy Me Another Drink? (Slang)<br />
IIWM If It Were Me/Mine (Slang)<br />
IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence<br />
IJS Inkjet Server (HP)<br />
IK-CAPE Industriekooperation Computer Aided Process Engineering<br />
IKE Internet Key Exchange (Protocol)<br />
IKMP Internet Key Management Protocol<br />
IKOE Institut für Kommunikationsökologie, Hamburg<br />
IKT Informations- und Kommunikations-Technologie<br />
IL Idle<br />
IL Idle Listening<br />
IL Intermediate Language<br />
ILA Internet Learning Agent<br />
ILEC Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier<br />
ILETS International Law Enforcement Telecommunications Seminar<br />
ILG Initiated Linux Guru<br />
ILLAB Ich Liege Lachend Am Boden (Slang), vgl. ROTFL<br />
ILLIAC Illinois Institute for Advanced Computing<br />
ILLIAC Illinois Integrator + Automatic Computer<br />
ILM Industrial Light + Magic, Inc. (G. Lucas)<br />
ILMI Interim Local Management Interface<br />
ILP Inductive Logic Programming<br />
ILP Integer Linear Programming<br />
ILP Integer, Long, Pointer<br />
ILS Integrated Logistic Support<br />
ILT Item Level Tagging<br />
ILVU Interleaved Video Unit<br />
IM Information Management/Modeling<br />
IM Instant Message/Messaging/Messenger<br />
IM Intermodulation<br />
IM IPv4 Multicast<br />
IMA Interactive Multimedia Association<br />
IMA Internationale Multimedia Akademie (Karlsruhe)<br />
IMA Inverse Multiplexer for ATM<br />
IMAC Isochronous MAC (FDDI)<br />
IMACS International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simu<br />
IMAO In My Arrogant Opinion (Slang)<br />
IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol<br />
IMBE Improved Multi-Band Excitation<br />
IMC Internet Mail Consortium
291<br />
IMCO In My Considered Opinion (Slang)<br />
IMDS Image Data Stream (IBM)<br />
IME In My Experience (Slang)<br />
IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identifier/Identity<br />
IMG Image<br />
IMG Information Management Group<br />
IMHO In My Humble Opinion (Slang)<br />
IMI I Mean It (Slang)<br />
IMI Internet MSS Interface<br />
IMIMG ISDN Memorandum of Understanding Implementation Manag<br />
IMNSCO In My Not So Considered Opinion (Slang)<br />
IMNSHO In My Not So Humble Opinion (Slang)<br />
IMO In My Opinion (Slang)<br />
IMO International Maritime Organization<br />
IMOBO In My Own Biased Opinion (Slang)<br />
IMP Information/Interface Message Processor<br />
IMP Instant Messaging Protocol<br />
IMP Internet Messaging Program<br />
IMPA Intelligent Multi-Port Adaptor<br />
IMPP Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol<br />
IMPS Infinite Monkey Protocol Suite<br />
IMQ Intermediate Queuing (device)<br />
IMR Internet Monthly Report<br />
IMS Information Management System<br />
IMS Integrated Media Service<br />
IMS Internet Mail Service<br />
IMS Intermediate Maintenance Standards<br />
IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem<br />
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity<br />
IMSL International Mathematical Subroutine Library (VNI)<br />
IMSP Independent Manufacturers Support Program<br />
IMSP Internet Message Support Protocol<br />
IMT Information Managment Team<br />
IMT Inter-Machine Trunk<br />
IMT International Mobile Telecommunications<br />
IMTC International Multimedia Teleconferencing Consortium<br />
IN Individual Network e. V.<br />
IN Input<br />
IN Intelligentes Netz (Telekom)<br />
INA Institut National de l’Audiovisuel
292ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
INAK Information Negative Acknowledgement<br />
INAP Intelligent Network Application Part<br />
INARP Inverse Address Resolution Protocol<br />
INC In Chain<br />
INC Increment<br />
INC Internet Computer<br />
INCA Interleaved Native Compiled Architecture<br />
INET International Networking Conference<br />
INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy<br />
INH Intelligent Networking Hub<br />
INIS International Nuclear Information System<br />
INKA Individual Network Region Karlsruhe<br />
INM Integrated Network Management<br />
INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite Organization<br />
INMS Integrated Network Management Services<br />
INN International Network News<br />
INOC Internet Network Operations Center<br />
INPO In No Particular Order (Slang)<br />
INRIA Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique<br />
INS Input String<br />
INS Instance Object<br />
INSB Internet Services for the Blind<br />
INT Interrupt, Internal, Integer, Interrogative<br />
INTA International Trademark Association<br />
INTA Interrupt Acknowledge<br />
INTAP Interoperability Technology Association for Information Processing<br />
INTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite Organization<br />
INWG International/Internet Working Group<br />
IO Input/Output, I/O<br />
IOAPIC Input Output Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller<br />
IOAT Input Output Acceleration Technology<br />
IOC Initial Operational Capability<br />
IOC Input Output Controller<br />
IOCS Input/Output Control System<br />
IOCTL Input/Output Control<br />
IOD Information Object Definition<br />
IOD Intelligence On Demand<br />
IODE Issue Of Data Ephemeris<br />
IOE Input Output Engine<br />
IOFEXT Input Output Far End Crosstalk
293<br />
IOI Input Output Interconnect/Interface/Interrupt<br />
IOI Integrated Operator Interface<br />
IOI International Olympiad in Informatics<br />
IOMMU Input Output Memory Management Unit<br />
IONL Internal Organization of the Network Layer (OSI)<br />
IOP Input Output Processor<br />
IOP Internal Operation<br />
IOPL Input/Output Priviledge Level<br />
IOR Indian Ocean Region<br />
IOS Input Output Subsystem<br />
IOS International Organization for Standardization<br />
IOS Internetwork Operating System (CISCO)<br />
IOSGA Input/Output Support Gate Array<br />
IOT Inter-Office Trunk<br />
IOTA Islands On The Air<br />
IOTP Internet Open Trading Protocol<br />
IOW In Other Words (Slang)<br />
IP Image Processing<br />
IP Information Provider<br />
IP Instruction Pointer<br />
IP Integer Programming<br />
IP Intellectual Property<br />
IP Intelligent Peripheral<br />
IP Interactive Proof<br />
IP Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)<br />
IP Interrupt Process<br />
IPA Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionstechnik und Automatisier<br />
IPA International Phonetic Alphabet<br />
IPAE IP Address Encapsulation<br />
IPARS International Passenger Airline Reservation System<br />
IPAVS IP-Adressen-Verwaltungs-System<br />
IPC Instructions Per Clock<br />
IPC Integrated Passive Component<br />
IPC Inter Personal Computer<br />
IPC Interprocess Communication<br />
IPCA Internet Parallel Computing Archive<br />
IPCI Industrial PCI<br />
IPCP Internet Protocol Control Protocol<br />
IPDS IBM/Intelligent Printer Data Stream<br />
IPES Improved Proposed Encryption Standard
294ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
IPF Information Presentation Facility<br />
IPG In Plane Gate Transistor<br />
IPG Inter Packet Gap<br />
IPI Image Processing and Interchange<br />
IPI Intelligent Peripheral Interface<br />
IPI International Payment Instruction<br />
IPIP Internet Protocol within Internet Protocol<br />
IPL Information Processing Language<br />
IPL Initial Program Loader<br />
IPL Interrupt Priority Level<br />
IPLS IP-Only LAN-Like Service<br />
IPM Intelligent Power Mode/Module/MOS, Interpersonal Message<br />
IPMI Intelligent Platform Management Interface<br />
IPMP Intellectual Property Management and Protection<br />
IPMV95 Integrated Packet Trunk Module V.95 Interface<br />
IPNG Internet Protocol Next Generation (IPv6)<br />
IPNS ISDN PBX Networking Specification<br />
IPOC Interim Policy Oversight Committee<br />
IPON Intelligent Passive Optical Network<br />
IPP Intel Primitive Performance (Library)<br />
IPP Internet Presence Provider<br />
IPP Internet Printing Protocol<br />
IPPV Impulse/Instant Pay Per View<br />
IPR Intellectual Property Rights<br />
IPRB Intellectual Property Review Board<br />
IPS Image Packaging System<br />
IPS In Plane Switching (panel)<br />
IPS inch per second<br />
IPS Internet Privacy Standard<br />
IPS Intrusion Prevention System<br />
IPSE Integrated Project Support Environment<br />
IPSEC Internet Protocol Security Protocol<br />
IPSI (Fraunhofer-Institut für) Integrierte Publikations- und Informatio<br />
IPT Immersive Projection Technology<br />
IPTC International Press Telecommunications Council<br />
IPTO Information Processing Techniques/Technology Office<br />
IPTV Internet Protocol Television<br />
IPU Imposition Processing Unit<br />
IPV4 Internet Protocol Version 4<br />
IPV6 Internet Protocol Version 6 (= IPng)
295<br />
IPVR Inst. für parallele und verteilte Höchstleistungsrechner, Stuttg<br />
IPW Incremental Packet Writing<br />
IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange (Novell)<br />
IPXCP Internetwork Packet Exchange Control Protocol<br />
IQL Interactive Query Language<br />
IQMS Integrated Quality Management System<br />
IR Information Request/Retrieval<br />
IR Infrared, Infrarot<br />
IR Intermediate Representation<br />
IR Internet Registry<br />
IRAC Indpendent Review Advisory Committee<br />
IRAF Image Reduction and Analysis Facility<br />
IRAS I Really Am Sorry (Slang)<br />
IRAW Idle Read After Write<br />
IRB Instruction Recoder Buffer<br />
IRB Instrumentation Request Broker<br />
IRC International Record Carrier<br />
IRC International Reply Coupon<br />
IRC Internet Relay Chat<br />
IRD Integrated Receiver Decoder (TV)<br />
IRD Internet Resource Directory<br />
IRDA Infrared Data Association<br />
IRDS Information Resources Dictionary System<br />
IRG Implicit Regeneration<br />
IRICE Integrated Remote Interface Control Element<br />
IRIG Interrange Instrumentation Group<br />
IRIS Infrastructure for Resilient Internet Systems<br />
IRIS Intelligent Reference Information System<br />
IRIS Interregional Information Society Initiative<br />
IRL In Real Life (Slang)<br />
IRL Inter Repeater Link<br />
IRLED Infrared Light Emitting Diode<br />
IRM Information Rights/Resource Management<br />
IRQ Information/Interrupt Request<br />
IRR Information Request Response<br />
IRR Internet Routing Registry<br />
IRS Information Retrieval System<br />
IRS Interchange Record Separator<br />
IRS Internal Revenue Service<br />
IRS Intrusion Response System
296ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
IRSG Internet Research Steering Group<br />
IRT Institut für Rundfunktechnik, München<br />
IRTF Internet Research Task Force<br />
IRV International Reference Version<br />
IS In Service<br />
IS Information Separator/Sevices/System<br />
IS Integrated Service<br />
IS Intensity Stereo<br />
IS Interactive Service (Telecommunication)<br />
IS Intermediate System<br />
IS International Standard (ISO)<br />
IS Interrupt Status<br />
ISA Industry Standard Architecture<br />
ISA Informationssystem Studienwahl und Arbeitsmarkt, Duisburg/Ess<br />
ISA Instruction Set Architecture<br />
ISA Integrated Services Architecture<br />
ISA Interactive Services Association<br />
ISA Internet Security and Acceleration (Server)<br />
ISAKMP Internet Security Association Key Management Protocol<br />
ISAM Index/Indexed Sequential Access Method<br />
ISAPI Internet Server API<br />
ISBD International Standard Bibliographic Description<br />
ISBN International Standard Book Number<br />
ISBT It’s Strange But True (Slang)<br />
ISC Instruction Set Computer<br />
ISC Internet Service Center<br />
ISCA International Symposium on Computer Architecture<br />
ISCB Interessengemeinschaft sehgeschädigter Computerbenutzer<br />
ISCSI Internet SCSI<br />
ISD Image Section Descriptor<br />
ISD Instructional System Design<br />
ISD International Standard Data Network<br />
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network<br />
ISDN Isosorbitdinitrat<br />
ISDN Ist sowas denn nötig? (Slang)<br />
ISFET Ionensensitiver Feldeffekttransitor<br />
ISFT Industrial Siemens Flatpanel Technology<br />
ISH Information Superhighway<br />
ISI Information Sciences Institute of the University of Southern Califo<br />
ISI Information Society Index
297<br />
ISI Institute for Scientific Information, USA<br />
ISI Inter Symbol Interference<br />
ISI Internally Specified Index<br />
ISIN International Securities Identification Number<br />
ISIS Intermediate System to Intermediate System Protocol (OSI)<br />
ISIS Industrial Signature Interoperability Specification<br />
ISL Imperceptible Structured Light<br />
ISL Initial System Loader<br />
ISL Interactive System Language<br />
ISL Intersatellite Link<br />
ISM Industrial, Scientific, Medical (Applications)<br />
ISMA Internet Streaming Media Alliance<br />
ISMP Internet Message Support Protocol<br />
ISMS Information Security Management System<br />
ISN Internet School/Shopping Networking<br />
ISNS Internet Storage Naming Service<br />
ISO International Standardization Organization<br />
ISOC Internet Society<br />
ISODE ISO Development Environment (OSI)<br />
ISP Image Synthesis Processor<br />
ISP International Standardized Profile<br />
ISP Internet Service Provider<br />
ISP Interrupt Stack Pointer<br />
ISP Interrupt Status Port<br />
ISPBX ISDN Private Branche Exchange<br />
ISPF Interactive Structured Programming Facility (IBM)<br />
ISPI Institut für Integrierte Publikationssysteme, Darmstadt<br />
ISPLSI in-system-programmable LSI<br />
ISPO Information Society Project Office<br />
ISQIT Information Systems Quality Improvement Team<br />
ISR Information Storage and Retrieval<br />
ISR Intermediate Session Routing<br />
ISR Interrupt Service Routine<br />
ISRC International Standard Recording Code<br />
ISRN International Standard Recording Number<br />
ISSA Information Systems Security Association<br />
ISSCC International Solid State Circuits Conference<br />
ISSE Information Security Solutions Europe<br />
ISSE Internet Streaming SIMD Extension<br />
ISSI Individual Short Subscriber Identity
298ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
ISSN International Standard Serial Number<br />
ISSO Information System Security Officer<br />
ISSP Inter-Switch Signalling Protocol<br />
ISSP Internet Satellite Service Provider<br />
ISSS IBM Speech Server Services<br />
ISST (Fraunhofer-)Institut für Software- und Systemtechnik<br />
IST Information Society Technologies (Programme)<br />
IST Internet Transaction Server<br />
ISTF Internet Science and Technology Fair<br />
ISTF Internet Societal Task Force<br />
ISTM It Seems To Me (Slang)<br />
ISTO Information Science and Technology Office<br />
ISTPA International Security, Trust + Privacy Alliance<br />
ISTR I Seem To Remember (Slang)<br />
ISU Industry Solution Unit (IBM)<br />
ISUG International SGML/XML Users’ Group<br />
ISUP ISDN User Part<br />
ISUS Information Services and User Support (DFN)<br />
ISV Independent Software Vendor<br />
ISVR Intel Smart Video Recorder<br />
ISWIM If you See What I Mean<br />
ISWL International Short Wave League<br />
ISWYM I See What You Mean (Slang)<br />
IT Information Technology, Informationstechnik<br />
ITA Intend To Adopt (Debian)<br />
ITA Interface Test Adapter<br />
ITA Interim Type Approval<br />
ITA International Telegraphy Alphabet<br />
ITAA Information Technology Association of America<br />
ITAC ISDN Terminal Adapter Circuit<br />
ITB Information Technology Branch<br />
ITB Intermediate Text Block<br />
ITC Independent Television Commission<br />
ITC IntelliCAD Technology Consortium<br />
ITC International Telegraph Code<br />
ITE Informationstechnische Einrichtung<br />
ITE Internal Terminal Emulator<br />
ITF Isochronous Transfer<br />
ITG Informationstechnische Gesellschaft im VDE<br />
ITG Informationstechnische Grundausbildung
299<br />
ITHE International Travel Host Exchange<br />
ITI Interactive Terminal Interface<br />
ITIF Information Technology and Innovation Foundation<br />
ITK Informationstechnik und Telekommunikation<br />
ITLB Instruction TLB<br />
ITM Internet Transaction Mix<br />
ITO Indium Tin Oxide<br />
ITO Intend To Orphan (Debian)<br />
ITOT ISO Transport Service on top of TCP<br />
ITP Intent To Package (Debian)<br />
ITR Internet Talk Radio<br />
ITRS International Roadmap for Semiconductors<br />
ITS Incompatible Time-Sharing System<br />
ITS Institute for Telecommunication Sciences, USA<br />
ITS Intelligent Transport System<br />
ITS International Telecommunications Society<br />
ITS Internationalization Tag Set<br />
ITS (NIST) Internet Time Service<br />
ITSEC Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria/Certifica<br />
ITSEM Information Technology Security Evaluation Manual<br />
ITSK IT Sicherheitskriterien (Grünbuch)<br />
ITSO Information Technology Security Office, Indiana University<br />
ITSP Internet Telephony Service Provider<br />
ITSTC Information Technology Steering Committee<br />
ITT Internet, Television, Telephone<br />
ITT Invitation To Transmit (Arcnet)<br />
ITU Intelligent Thermal Update<br />
ITU International Telecommunication Union<br />
ITUG International Telecommunications Users’ Group<br />
ITV Interactive Television<br />
ITW In The Wild<br />
ITX Intermediate Text Block<br />
IU Integer Unit<br />
IUG Informix User Group<br />
IUK Information und Kommunikation<br />
IUKDG Informations- und Kommunikationsdienste-Gesetz<br />
IUMA Internet Underground Music Archive<br />
IUPAP International Union of Pure and Applied Physics<br />
IUR International User Requirements<br />
IUS Interchange Unit Separator
300ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
IUTY It’s Up To You (Slang)<br />
IV Initialisation Vector<br />
IV Interessenverbund<br />
IVB Individuelle Verkehrsbeeinflussung<br />
IVBB Informationsverbund Bonn-Berlin<br />
IVC Inter-Vehicle Communication<br />
IVCA International Visual Communication Association<br />
IVDLAN Integrated Voice and Data Local Area Network<br />
IVHS Intelligent Vehicle Highway System<br />
IVIS Interactive Video Information System<br />
IVN Intervening Network<br />
IVNM Interessenverband Neue Medien<br />
IVOD Interactive Video On Demand<br />
IVP Installation Verification Image<br />
IVR Interactive Voice Recognition/Response<br />
IVS IBM Verkabelungssystem<br />
IVS Interactive Visualization System<br />
IVT Interrupt Vector Table<br />
IVV Independent Verification and Validation<br />
IVW Informationsgemeinschaft zur Feststellung der Verbreitung von W<br />
IW Information Warfare<br />
IWBNI It Would Be Nice If (Slang)<br />
IWF Impulswahlverfahren (Telefon)<br />
IWU Interworking Unit<br />
IWV Impulswahlverfahren<br />
IX Internet Exchange<br />
IXA Internet Exchange Architecture<br />
IXC Interexchange Carrier<br />
IXF Integrated Exchange Format<br />
IXI International X.25 Interconnect<br />
IXP Internet Exchange Point<br />
IYB In Your Basket (Slang)<br />
IYSWIM If You See What I Mean (Slang)<br />
IZT Institut für Zukunftsstudien und Technologiebewertung<br />
J Java, Japan, Job<br />
J2EE Java 2 Enterprise Edition<br />
J2SE Java 2 Standard Edition<br />
JA Jump Address
301<br />
JAAS Java Authentication and Authorization Service<br />
JAD Joint Application Design<br />
JAE Java Application Environment<br />
JAM Just A Minute (Slang)<br />
JAM Jyacc Application Manager<br />
JANET Joint Academic Network, England<br />
JAP Java Anon Proxy<br />
JAR Java Archive<br />
JASON Journal Articles Sent On Demand<br />
JAUA Just Another Useless Answer (Slang)<br />
JAXP Java API for XML Processing<br />
JBCE Japan Business Council in Europe<br />
JBCE JavaBean Calculation Engine<br />
JBD Journaling Block Device<br />
JBIG Joint Bilevel Image Group<br />
JBOD Just a Bunch Of Discs<br />
JCA Java Connection Architecture<br />
JCALS Joint Computer Aided Acquisition and Logistic Support System<br />
JCB Job Conrol Block<br />
JCC Java Competence Center<br />
JCE Java Cryptography Extension<br />
JCL Job Control Language (IBM)<br />
JCP Java Community Process<br />
JCS Job Control Statement/System<br />
JCT Job Control Table<br />
JD Julian Date/Day<br />
JDB Java Debugger<br />
JDBC Java Data Base Connectivity<br />
JDC Japanese Digital Cellular<br />
JDK Java Developers/Development Kit<br />
JECC Japan Electronic Computer Center<br />
JEDEC Joint Electronic Devices Engineering Council<br />
JEIDA Japan/Japanese Electronics Industry Development Association<br />
JES Job Entry Subsystem<br />
JESA Japan Engineering Standard Association<br />
JESSI Joint European Submicron Silicon Initiative<br />
JFC Java Foundation Class<br />
JFET Johnson/Junction Field Effect Transistor<br />
JFFS Journalling Flash File System<br />
JFIF JPEG File Interchange Format
302ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
JFS Journal/Journaled/Journalling/Java File System<br />
JFS Jumbo Frame Support<br />
JGFET Junction Gate Field Effect Transistor<br />
JIB Job Information Block<br />
JIC Just In Case (Slang)<br />
JICST Japan Information Center of Science and Technology<br />
JID Jabber Identifier<br />
JIF Journal Impact Factor<br />
JIT Just In Time (Compiler)<br />
JJ Josephson Junction<br />
JJ Just Joking (Slang)<br />
JMMD Jokes Make My Day (Slang)<br />
JMP Job Monitor Protocol<br />
JMS Java Messaging Service<br />
JMS Job Management System<br />
JNDI Java Naming and Directory Interface<br />
JNDSPI Java Naming and Directory Service Provider Interface<br />
JNI Java Native Interface<br />
JOL Job Orientation Language<br />
JOSS Joint Object Services Submission<br />
JOTA Jamboree On The Air<br />
JPDA Java Platform Debugging Architecture<br />
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group<br />
JPL Java Perl Lingo<br />
JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA<br />
JPL Jyacc Procedural Language<br />
JRE Java Runtime Environment<br />
JRTS Java Real Time System<br />
JSDK Java Servlet Development Kit<br />
JS JavaScript<br />
JS Jumper Setting<br />
JSC Job Status code<br />
JSF Jabber Software Foundation<br />
JSGF Java Speech Grammar Format<br />
JSH Job control Shell<br />
JSM Job Stream Manager<br />
JSML Java Speech Markup Language<br />
JSNM Just Stark Naked Magic (Slang)<br />
JSP Jackson Structured Programming<br />
JSP Java Server Page/Pages
303<br />
JSQL Java SQL<br />
JSS JavaScript Style Sheet<br />
JSSE Java Secure Socket Extension<br />
JT Job Table<br />
JTAG Joint Test Action Group<br />
JTAM Job and Transfer Manipulation<br />
JTAP JTC1 TAG Application Portability Study Group<br />
JTAPI Java Telephony Application Programming Interface<br />
JTC Joint Technical Committee (ISO/IEC)<br />
JTM Job Transfer and Management/Manipulation<br />
JTRS Joint Tactical Radio System, USA<br />
JTS Java Transaction Service<br />
JUBL Jülicher BlueGene/L (Supercomputer)<br />
JUD Jabber User Directory<br />
JUG Java User Group<br />
JUGD Java User Group Deutschland<br />
JUGFET Junction Gate Field Effect Transistor<br />
JUMP Java User Migration Path<br />
JUNET Japan/Japanese UNIX Network<br />
JUST Joint Users of Siemens Telecommunications<br />
JV Job Variable<br />
JVM Java Virtual Machine<br />
JVNC John-von-Neumann (Super-Computer-) Center<br />
JVT Joint Video Team<br />
JWS Java Workshop<br />
JXTA Juxtapose (Sun)<br />
K Key, Kilo, Kommunikation<br />
K12 Kindergarten through 12th grade, K-12<br />
KA Kamikaze (packet)<br />
KA Keine Ahnung (no idea)<br />
KA Key Account<br />
KA Knowledge Access/Acquisition/Architecture<br />
KA Kommunikationsausrüstung<br />
KAD Knowledge Aided Design<br />
KAD Kontoauszugsdrucker<br />
KADB Kernel Assembly Debugger<br />
KADM Kerberos Administration (server)<br />
KADS Knowledge Analysis and Design System
304ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
KAI Kurzweil Applied Intelligence<br />
KALUG Karlsruhe Linux User Group<br />
KAM Knowledge Aided Manufacturing<br />
KAOS Kent Applicative Operating System<br />
KAP Kernel Andorra Prolog<br />
KAPSE Kernel Ada Program Support Environment<br />
KAS Kerberos Authentication Server<br />
KB Keyboard<br />
KB Kilobyte<br />
KB Knowledge Base<br />
KBE Knowledge Based Engineering<br />
KBPS Kilobit/byte per second<br />
KBS Knowledge Based System<br />
KC Kids’ Computer<br />
KCC Keyboard Communications Concentrator<br />
KCD Kernel Cousin Debian<br />
KCL Kyoto Common Lisp<br />
KCP Kernel Control Path<br />
KCS Kansas City Standard<br />
KD Knowledge Discovery<br />
KDC Key Distribution Center<br />
KDD Knowledge Discovery in Databases<br />
KDE KDE Desktop Environment<br />
KDF Knowledge Discovery Framework<br />
KDS Knowledge Discovery System<br />
KDS Kommunikationsdatensatz<br />
KDT Key Definition Table<br />
KE Knowledge Economy<br />
KEA Key Exchange Algorithm<br />
KED Kundenenddokumentation<br />
KES Key Escrow System<br />
KEWL Knowledge Environment for Web-based Learning<br />
KF Knopflerfish<br />
KGI Kernel Graphics Interface<br />
KHM Kunsthochschule für Medien, Köln<br />
KI Künstliche Intelligenz<br />
KIBO Knowledge In, Bullshit Out (Slang)<br />
KIK Kommunaler Info-Kanal<br />
KIS Kernel Information/Intrusion System<br />
KIS Knowbot Information Service
305<br />
KISS Keep It Simple/Small and Stupid/Simple<br />
KIT Kernel Software for Intelligent Terminals<br />
KJM Kommission für Jugendmedienschutz<br />
KK Konnektivitäts-Koordination<br />
KLNG Knowledge-supported Line Network Global (Vectorization)<br />
KLO Knowledge Level Object<br />
KLOC Kilo Lines Of Code<br />
KM Knowledge Management/Mismanagement<br />
KMMT Kompetenzzentrum Multimedia und Telematik, Tübingen<br />
KMS Key Management Server<br />
KMS Knowledge Management System<br />
KMU Kleine und Mittlere Unternehmen<br />
KNAS Kerberos Network Authentication Service<br />
KNF Konjunktive Normalform<br />
KNI Katmai New Instructions<br />
KOALA Konstanzer Ausleih- und Anfragesystem<br />
KOP Kontaktplan (DIN 19 239)<br />
KPA Key Process Area<br />
KPI Key Performance Indicator<br />
KQML Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language<br />
KOS Keep On Smiling (Slang)<br />
KOS Kernel/Kohler Operating System<br />
KOS Key Object Selection<br />
KR Knowledge Representation<br />
K&R Kernighan + Ritchie<br />
KRC Kent Recursive Calculator<br />
KRITIS (Arbeitsgruppe) Kritische Infrastrukturen<br />
KRS Knowledge Retrieval System, Kernighan + Ritchie Standard<br />
KS Session Key<br />
KSAM Keyed Sequential Access Method<br />
KSK Key Signing Key<br />
KSR Keyboard Send Receive<br />
KT Kommunikationstechnik<br />
KTA Korean Telecommunication Authority<br />
KTK Kommission für den Ausbau des technischen Kommunikation<br />
KU Unit Key<br />
KÜFUST Küstenfunkstelle<br />
KUUG Karlsruher UNIX User Group<br />
KV Kabelverzweiger, Karnaugh Veitch (Diagramm)<br />
KVM Kernel-based Virtual Machine
306ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
KVM Keyboard, Video, Mouse<br />
KVNO Key Version Number<br />
KVP Kontinuierlicher Verbesserungsprozess<br />
KVZ Kabelverzweiger<br />
KW Kurzwelle, Kurzwahl<br />
KWIM Know What I Mean? (Slang)<br />
KWIPS Kilo Whetstones Per Second<br />
KZK Klasse - Zuständigkeit - Kooperation<br />
KZU Kennzeichenumsetzer<br />
L Line, Link, Linux, Local, Logic, Low<br />
L2CAP Logical Link and Control Adaptation Protocol<br />
L2F Layer 2 Forwarding<br />
L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol<br />
LA LAN Analyzer<br />
LA License Application<br />
LA License/Licensing Administration/Administrator<br />
LA Location Area<br />
LA Logical Address<br />
LAA Locally Administered Address<br />
LAB Logic Array Block<br />
LABNET Laboratory Broadband Network<br />
LAC L2TP Access Controller<br />
LACC Los Alamos Computer Code<br />
LACP Link Aggregation Control Protocol<br />
LAD Leistungsanschlusseinheit, digital<br />
LADDR Layered Device Driver Architecture<br />
LADE Language Definition Environment<br />
LADSPA Linux Audio Developer’s Simple Plug-in API<br />
LADT Local Area Data Transport<br />
LAES Lawfully Authorized Electronic Surveillance<br />
LAF Look And Feel (L&F)<br />
LAG Link Aggregate Group<br />
LAI LAN Automatic Inventory<br />
LAI Location Area Identity<br />
LAICS Los Alamos Integrated Communications System<br />
LALL Longest Allowed Lobe Length<br />
LALR Lexically Assign, Logically Refine<br />
LALR Look Ahead Left Right
307<br />
LAM Lobe Attachment Unit<br />
LAM Local Area Multicomputer<br />
LAMPS Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP, SSL<br />
LAN Local Area Network<br />
LANANA Linux Assigned Names And Numbers Authority<br />
LANC Local Application Control Bus System<br />
LANC Local Area Network Control (Sony)<br />
LANDSAT Land-use Satellite<br />
LANE Local Area Network Emulation/Emulator<br />
LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA<br />
LANUG Los Alamos NeXT Users Group<br />
LAP Link Access Profile/Protocol/Procedure<br />
LAP Lower Address Part (Bluetooth)<br />
LAPB Link Access Procedure for Balanced Mode<br />
LAPD Link Access Procedure for the D-Channel<br />
LAPF Link Access Procedure Framed Mode<br />
LAPF Link Access Protocol for Frame Mode Bearer Services<br />
LAPIC Local Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller<br />
LAPM Link Access Protocol for Modems<br />
LAPS Local Area Network Adapter and Protocol Support (IBM)<br />
LAR Load Access Right<br />
LARC Livermore Automatic Research Computer<br />
LARP Live Action Role Playing<br />
LARS Linux Accessibility Resource Site<br />
LART Loser/Luser Attitude Readjustment Tool<br />
LAS Library Access System<br />
LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation<br />
LASIC Laser Application Specific Integrated Circuit<br />
LAST Local Area Storage Transport (DEC)<br />
LAT Local Area Transport (DEC)<br />
LATA Local Access and Transmit/Transport Area<br />
LATM LPI Approved Training Materials<br />
LAU Lobe Access Unit<br />
LAVC Local Area VAX Cluster<br />
LAVMS Los Alamos Voice Messaging System<br />
LAWN Local Area Wireless Network<br />
LBA Linear Beschränkter Automat<br />
LBA Logical Block Addressing<br />
LBB Logic Building Block<br />
LBC Local Bus Controller
308ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
LBM Local Bus Master<br />
LBRV Low Bit Rate Voice<br />
LBS Location Based Services<br />
LBT Listen Before Talk<br />
LBT Local Bus Target<br />
LBV Leistungsbedarfsvorhersage<br />
LBX Low Bandwidth X<br />
LC Late Counter<br />
LC Library of Congress, USA<br />
LC Liquid Crystal<br />
LC Live Camera<br />
LC Local Changes/Control<br />
LC Low Complexity<br />
LC Lower Case<br />
LCA Logic Cell Array<br />
LCA Losely Coupled Architecture<br />
LCC Linux Core Consortium<br />
LCCM LAN Client Control Manager<br />
LCD Liquid Crystal Device/Display<br />
LCF LAN Configuration Facility<br />
LCF Lightweight Client Framework<br />
LCF Location Confirmation<br />
LCF Logic for Computable Functions<br />
LCF Low Cost Fiber<br />
LCG Large Hadron Collider Computing Grid, CERN, Genf<br />
LCG Linear Congruential (random number) Generator<br />
LCHU Low Cost Home User<br />
LCI Life Cycle Integration<br />
LCI Logical Channel Indentifier<br />
LCIM Life Cycle Information Management<br />
LCL Local Clock<br />
LCM LEAF Creation Method<br />
LCM Life Cycle Management<br />
LCN Local Control Network<br />
LCN Logical Channel Number<br />
LCOM Lack of Cohesion in Methods<br />
LCOS Liquid Crystal On Silicon<br />
LCP Link Control Protocol (Internet)<br />
LCR Least/Low Cost Router/Routing<br />
LCRD Low Cost Removable Drive
LCS Linux Compatibility Standard<br />
LCS Liquid Cooling System<br />
LCS Liquid Crystal Shutter<br />
LCSC Local Carrier Service Center<br />
LCSH Library of Congress Subject Headings<br />
LCU Last Cluster Used<br />
LD Long Distance<br />
LD Low Delay<br />
LDA Local Delivery Agent<br />
LDA Logical Device Address<br />
LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol<br />
LDCM LAN Desk Client Manager (Intel)<br />
LDF Linear Display File<br />
LDG Los Alamos Debugger<br />
LDIF LDAP Data Interchange Format<br />
LDIP Laboratory Data Integrity Program<br />
LDLN Long Distance Learning Network<br />
LDM Long Distance Modem<br />
LDN Linux Standard Base Developer Network<br />
LDP Label Distribution Protocol<br />
LDP (The) Linux Documentation Project<br />
LDP Loader Debugger Protocol<br />
LDR Light Dependent Resistor<br />
LDR Long Distance Relationship<br />
LDRI Low Dynamic Range Image<br />
LDS Landesamt für Datenverarbeitung und Statistik<br />
LDS Logical Data Structure<br />
LDS Lotus Discovery Server<br />
LDSG Landesdatenschutzgesetz<br />
LDSL Low Speed ISDN Digital Subscriber Line<br />
LDSS Low-dimensional Semiconductor Structure<br />
LDT Lightning Data Transport<br />
LDT Local Descriptor Table<br />
LDTR Load Descriptor Table Register<br />
LDTRC Load Descriptor Table Register Cache<br />
LDTV Limited Definition Television<br />
LDUP LDAP Duplication and Update (Protocol)<br />
LE Light/Limited Edition<br />
LE Link Encapsulation<br />
LE Logical Element/Extent<br />
309
310ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
LEA Law Enforcement Agency<br />
LEAF Large Effective Area Fiber<br />
LEAF Law Enforcement Access Field<br />
LEAP Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol<br />
LEARP LAN Emulation Address Resolution Protocol<br />
LEC LAN Emulation Client<br />
LEC Local Exchange Carrier<br />
LECS LAN Emulation Client/Configuration Server/Service<br />
LED Light Emitting Diode<br />
LEF Library Exchange Format<br />
LEL Link Embedded and Launch-to-edit<br />
LEM Language Extension Module<br />
LEM Link Error Monitor<br />
LEMF Law Enforcement Monitoring Facility<br />
LEMP Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse<br />
LEN Low Entry Networking/Node<br />
LEO Link Everything Online<br />
LEO Low Earth Orbit/Orbiting<br />
LEOSAR Low Earth Orbit Search And Rescue<br />
LEP Light Emitting Polymer<br />
LEPS Lancom Enhanced Passphrase Security<br />
LER Light Emitting Resistor<br />
LES LAN Emulation Server/Service<br />
LES Land-Erdfunkstelle<br />
LESC London E-Science Center<br />
LF Lifetime Failure<br />
LF Line Feed<br />
LF Login Facility<br />
LF Low Frequency<br />
LFA Log File Analysis<br />
LFAP Lightweight Flow Admission Protocol<br />
LFF Large Form Factor<br />
LFI Last File Indicator<br />
LFK Landesanstalt für Kommunikation<br />
LFM Low Frequency Mode<br />
LFN Logical File Name<br />
LFN Long File Names<br />
LFO Low Frequency Oscillator<br />
LFP Large Format Printing<br />
LFS Large File Support
311<br />
LFS Linux From Scratch<br />
LFS Linux Log File System<br />
LFS Local File System<br />
LFS Log-structured File System<br />
LFSA List of Frequently Seen Acronyms<br />
LFSR Linear Feedback Shift Register<br />
LFU Least Frequently Used<br />
LGA Low Gain Antenna<br />
LGFT Lie Group Fourier Transform<br />
LGMR Laser Guided Magnetical Recording<br />
LGN Logical Group Node<br />
LGPL Library/Lesser General Public License (GNU)<br />
LH Link Header<br />
LHS Left Hand Side<br />
LI Lawful Interception<br />
LI Length Indication<br />
LIC Logical Link Control<br />
LICS Lotus International Character Set<br />
LID Logical Input Device<br />
LIDAR Light Detection And Ranging<br />
LIDS Linux Intrusion Detection System<br />
LIEP Large Internet Exchange Packet (Novell)<br />
LIF Low Insertion Force<br />
LIFE Laboratory of International Fuzzy Engineering<br />
LIFO Last In, First Out (Speicher)<br />
LII Linux Internationalisation Inititative<br />
LILO Last In, Last Out (Speicher)<br />
LIM Light Intensity Modulation<br />
LIM Load Information Manager<br />
LIM Lotus, Intel, Microsoft<br />
LIMB Listing of Molecular Biology Databases<br />
LIMDOW Laser Intensity Modulation Direct Overwrite<br />
LIMS Laboratory/Library Information Management System<br />
LIN Local Interconnect Network<br />
LINFO The Linux Information Project<br />
LINQ Language Integrated Query<br />
LINX London Internet Exchange<br />
LIP Large Internet Packet<br />
LIP Line Interconnection Point<br />
LIP Loop Initialization Protocol
312ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
LIPS Lightweight Internet Person Schema<br />
LIPS Logical Inferences/Instructions Per Second<br />
LIPX Large Internet Packet Exchange<br />
LIR Library of International Relations<br />
LIR Line Reference<br />
LIR Local Internet Registry<br />
LIRA Learning Information Retrieval Agent<br />
LIRC Linux Infrared Remote Control<br />
LIS Logical IP Subnetwork<br />
LISA Localization Industry Standards Association<br />
LISP List Processing (Language/Program)<br />
LISP Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses<br />
LITA Library and Information Technology Association, USA<br />
LIVE Linux Verband e. V., Frickenhausen<br />
LK Linienkoppler<br />
LKCD Linux Kernel Crash Dump<br />
LKM Loadable Kernel Module<br />
LKML Linux Kernel Mailing List<br />
LKP Local Knowledge Pool<br />
LKS Loadable Kernel Server<br />
LL Leased Line<br />
LL Local Loopback<br />
LLA Latitude, Longitude, Altitude<br />
LLA Link Level Access<br />
LLC Logical Link Control<br />
LLC Low Layer Compatibility<br />
LLC2 Logical Link Control Class 2<br />
LLF Least Laxity First<br />
LLF Low Level Format<br />
LLG Lesser Linux God<br />
LLH Logical Link Header<br />
LLNL Lawrence Livermoore National Laboratory, USA<br />
LLOC Lines Of Code<br />
LLP Link Layer Protocol<br />
LLP Live Long and Prosper (Slang)<br />
LLR Least-Loaded Route<br />
LLS Linear Least Squares<br />
LLTA Lots and Lots of Thundering Applause (Slang)<br />
LLU Link Local Use<br />
LMAO Laughing My Ass Off (Slang)
LMB Line Mode Browser<br />
LMB Local Master Browser<br />
LMBCS Lotus Multibyte Character Set<br />
LMDO Laughing My Diaper Off (Slang)<br />
LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution Service<br />
LME Layer Management Entity<br />
LMF Local Media Format<br />
LMF Logical Mainframe<br />
LMI Local Management Interface<br />
LMK Langwelle, Mittelwelle, Kurzwelle<br />
LMOS Loop Maintenace Operations System<br />
LMP Layer Management Protocol<br />
LMP Link Manager/Management Protocol<br />
LMR Land Mobile Radio<br />
LMS Laser Magnetic Storage<br />
LMS Learning Management System<br />
LMS License Management Service (OSF)<br />
LMSC LAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE)<br />
LMTP Local Mail Transfer Protocol<br />
LMU Logical Network Management Unit<br />
LN Logical Network<br />
LNA Low Noise Amplifier<br />
LNAI Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence<br />
LNB Low Noise Block Converter<br />
LNC Low Noise Converter<br />
LNCS Lecture Notes in Computer Science<br />
LNG Line Network Global (Vectorization)<br />
LNI Lecture Notes of Informatics<br />
LNOV Line Network Orientied Vectorization<br />
LNP Local Network Protocol<br />
LNS L2TP Network Server<br />
LO Local Oscillator<br />
LOA Letter Of Assurance<br />
LOAF Linux On A Floppy<br />
LOB Large Object<br />
LOC Library Of Congress, USA<br />
LOC Line(s) Of Code<br />
LOC Loop On-Line Control<br />
LOCIS Library Of Congress Information System, USA<br />
LOD Level Of Detail<br />
313
314ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
LOF List Of Figures<br />
LOF Loss of Frame<br />
LOI Letter Of Intent<br />
LOL Laughing Out Loud (Slang)<br />
LOL List Of Lists<br />
LOL Lots Of Luck (Slang)<br />
LOM LAN On Mainboard/Motherboard<br />
LOM Learning Object Metadata<br />
LON Local Operating Network<br />
LOOPS LISP Object Oriented Programming System<br />
LOP Logikplan (DIN 19 239/40 719)<br />
LOP Loss of Pointer/Power<br />
LORAN Long Range Aid to Navigators<br />
LORE Line Oriented Editor<br />
LOS Line Of Sight<br />
LOS Loss Of Signal<br />
LOT List Of Tables<br />
LOWFER Low Frequency Experimental Radio<br />
LP Line Printer<br />
LP Linear/Logic Programming<br />
LP Logical Partition<br />
LP Long Play<br />
LP Low Power/Profile<br />
LPA Logarithmic Periodical Antenna<br />
LPAC Lossless Predictive Audio Compression<br />
LPB Local Peripheral Bus<br />
LPC Linear Predictive Coding<br />
LPC Local Procedure Call<br />
LPC Low Pin Count (Interface)<br />
LPD Landespostdirektion<br />
LPD Line Printer Daemon (UNIX)<br />
LPD Low Power Device<br />
LPI lines per inch<br />
LPI Linux Professional Institute<br />
LPI Lower Prediction Interval<br />
LPIC Linux Professional Institute Certification<br />
LPL Lotus Programming Language<br />
LPM lines per minute<br />
LPM Low Power Mode<br />
LPN Logical Page Number
LPO Logical Post Office<br />
LPP Licensed Program Product<br />
LPPB Land Pre Pit Level before Recording<br />
LPPL LaTeX Project Public License<br />
LPQ Line Printer Queue<br />
LPRS Low Power Radio Service<br />
LPS lines per second<br />
LPS Low Power Schottky (Semiconductor)<br />
LPT Line Printer<br />
LPTF Laboratoire Primaire du Temps et des Frequences<br />
LPTS Low Power Time Source<br />
LQ Letter Quality<br />
LQM Link Quality Monitoring<br />
LQR Link Quality Report<br />
LRC Local Register Cache<br />
LRC Longitudinal Redundancy Check<br />
LRE Left to Right Embedding<br />
LRE Limited Regular Expression<br />
LRE Long Reach Ethernet<br />
LRI Least Recently Loaded<br />
LRJ Location Reject<br />
LRP Linux Router Project<br />
LRPC Lightweight Remote Procedure Call<br />
LRQ Location Request<br />
LRU Least Recently Used<br />
LRU Lowest Replaceable Unit<br />
LRZ Leibniz-Rechenzentrum München<br />
LS Location Services<br />
LSA Line Sharing Adapter<br />
LSA Local Security Authority<br />
LSA Link State Algorithm/Advertisement<br />
LSA lötfrei – schraubfrei – abisolierfrei<br />
LSB Least Significant Bit<br />
LSB Linux Standard Base<br />
LSB Lower Side Band<br />
LSC Least Significant Character<br />
LSC Live Sequence Chart<br />
LSCD Licensed Status Confirmation Document<br />
LSD Least Significant Digit<br />
LSDV Link Segment Delay Value<br />
315
316ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
LSF Load Sharing Facility<br />
LSF Log Structured File (Array)<br />
LSI Large Scale Integration<br />
LSID Local Session Identifier<br />
LSL Link Support Layer<br />
LSM Linux Security Module<br />
LSM Linux Software Map<br />
LSM Logical Storage Manager<br />
LSO Linux Standards Organization<br />
LSP Link State Packet/PDU<br />
LSP Linux Support Package<br />
LSP Local Support Provider<br />
LSR Label/Load Switch/Switched/Switching Router<br />
LSR Least Squares Regression<br />
LSR Link State Request/Routing<br />
LSR Linux Software Resources/Review<br />
LSR Load Shifting Resistor<br />
LSR Local Service Request<br />
LSR Logical Shift Right<br />
LSR Logical Storage Resource<br />
LSR Loose Source Route<br />
LST Linux Support Team<br />
LSV Low Speed Variant<br />
LSX Lotus Script Extensions<br />
LSZ Leitungschlüsselzahl<br />
LSZH Low Smoke Zero Halogen (Kabel)<br />
LT LaGrande Technology<br />
LT Lease Time<br />
LT Link Trailer<br />
LTA Laptop Access<br />
LTCC Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic<br />
LTDC Long Term Data Collection<br />
LTE Long Term Evolution<br />
LTI Laser Thermal Imaging<br />
LTI Linear Time Invariant (system)<br />
LTM Long Term Memory<br />
LTNS Long Time No See (Slang)<br />
LTO Linear Tape Open<br />
LTP Linux Test Project<br />
LTP Long Term Plan/Prediction/Program
317<br />
LTPS Low Temperature Polysilicon<br />
LTS Local Time Server/Service<br />
LTS Long Term Support<br />
LTSC Learning Technology Standards Committee<br />
LTSP Linux Terminal Server Project<br />
LTV Light To Voltage<br />
LU Logical Unit<br />
LUA Limited User Account<br />
LUB Least Upper Bound<br />
LUF Lowest Usable Frequency<br />
LUFS Linux Userland File System<br />
LUG Linux/Local User Group<br />
LUI Live User Interface<br />
LUKS Linux Unified Key Setup<br />
LUM Linux User Management<br />
LUN Logical Unit Number<br />
LUNI LAN Emulation User Network Interface<br />
LUP Language Upgrade<br />
LUT Local User Terminal<br />
LUT Look Up Table<br />
LUUG Lunar UNIX Users Group<br />
LV Logical Volume<br />
LV Low Voltage<br />
LVD Low Voltage Differential (SCSI)<br />
LVDS Low Voltage Differential Sensing/Signal/Signalling/SCSI/Swin<br />
LVM Logical Volume Manager<br />
LVN Landesverwaltungsnetz Baden-Württemberg<br />
LVS Linux Virtual Server<br />
LW Langwelle, Long Wave<br />
LW Long Wire Antenna<br />
LWAPP Lightweight Access Point Protocol<br />
LWC Lift Window Control<br />
LWDMO Lead Writing Device - Manual Option (vulgo Bleistift)<br />
LWDRM Light Weight Digital Rights Management<br />
LWE Linux World Conference + Expo<br />
LWIR Long Wave Infrared<br />
LWL Lichtwellenleiter<br />
LWL Long Wave Laser<br />
LWN Linux Weekly News<br />
LWP Lightweight Process
318ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
LWX LAN WAN Exchange<br />
LZ Leerzeichen (space)<br />
LZH Lempel, Ziv, Huffman (Algorithm)<br />
LZMA Lempel, Ziv, Markow Algorithm<br />
LZSS Lempel, Ziv, Storer, Szymanski (Algorithm)<br />
LZW Lempel, Ziv, Welch (Algorithm)<br />
M Manage, Memory, Message, Mobile, Mode, Multi<br />
M Meldeleitung<br />
M2FM Modified Double Frequency Modulation<br />
M2M Machine To Machine<br />
MA Management Agent<br />
MA Master<br />
MAB Maschinelles Austauschformat für Bibliotheken<br />
MABI Macintosh Application Binary Interface<br />
MAC Machine Aided Cognition<br />
MAC Mainframe Attachment Controller<br />
MAC Maintaining Arc Consistency<br />
MAC Mandatory/Medium/Media/Memory Access Control/Controller<br />
MAC Membership Advisory Committee<br />
MAC Message Authentication Check/Code<br />
MAC Multi Access Computer<br />
MAC Multiplexed Analogue Components<br />
MAC Multiply Accumulate/Accumulator (Command, Unit)<br />
MACE Middleware Architectural Committee for Education<br />
MACF Mandatory Access Control Framework<br />
MACP Motion Adaptive Color Plus<br />
MACS Mixed Aloha Carrier Sense<br />
MACS Modem Access Control System<br />
MACUL Michigan Association of Computer Users in Learning<br />
MADCAP Multicast Address Dynamic Client Allocation Protocol<br />
MADSL Margin Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line<br />
MAE Macintosh Application Environment<br />
MAE Metropolitan Area Exchange<br />
MAF Mozilla Archive Format<br />
MAGRAM Magnetic Random Access Memory<br />
MAN Manchester (Coding)<br />
MAN Metropolitan Area Network<br />
MANET Mobile Adhoc Network
319<br />
MANIAC Mathematical Analyzer, Numerical Integrator, and Computer<br />
MAP Maintenance Analysis Procedure<br />
MAP Manufacturing Automation Protocol<br />
MAP Manufacturing Package<br />
MAP Mesh Access Point<br />
MAP Message Access Protocol<br />
MAP Mobile Application Part<br />
MAPI Mail/Message/Messaging Application Programmer/Programmi<br />
MAPICS Manufacturing, Accounting and Production Information Contr<br />
MAPS Mail Abuse Prevention System<br />
MAPTOP MAP Technical Office Protocol<br />
MAR Memory Address Register<br />
MARBI Machine-Readable Bibliographic Information (Committee)<br />
MARC Machine-Readable Cataloging/Code<br />
MARID MTA Authorization Records In DNS<br />
MARP Multi LAN Address Resolution Protocol<br />
MARPA Mini Automatic Radar Plotting Aid<br />
MARS Message Archiving and Retrieval Service<br />
MARS Military Affiliate Radio System<br />
MARS Multicast Address Resolution Server<br />
MAS Microsoft Anti-Spyware<br />
MAS Multi Agent System<br />
MASC Multicast Address-Set Claim (Protocol)<br />
MASER Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation<br />
MASI (Laboratoire de) Modelisation et d’Architecture des Systemes I<br />
MASM Macro Assembler (Microsoft)<br />
MASS Mass Storage System<br />
MASS Message Authentication Signature Standard<br />
MATIP Mapping of Airline Traffic over Internet Protocol<br />
MATRIX Multistate Anti-Terrorism Information Exchange<br />
MAU Medium Attachment Unit (Ethernet)<br />
MAU Multi Station Access Unit<br />
MAVT Mobile Audio Visual Terminal<br />
MAZ Magnetbildaufzeichnung<br />
MB Macro Block<br />
MB Megabyte/Multi Byte<br />
MBA Macroblock Address<br />
MBA Managed (PC) Boot Agent<br />
MBC Multi Bit Cell<br />
MBCS Multibyte Character Set (encoding)
320ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
MBFT Multipoint Binary File Transfer<br />
MBMS Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service<br />
MBONE Multicast/Multimedia Backbone<br />
MBPS Megabits/bytes per second<br />
MBR Master Boot Record<br />
MBS Maximum Burst Size<br />
MBS Mobile Broadband System<br />
MBSA Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer<br />
MBX Mailbox<br />
MC Master Control<br />
MC Miniature Card<br />
MC Mobile Commerce/Communication<br />
MC Moving Coil<br />
MC Multi Carrier/Cast<br />
MC Multipoint Controller<br />
MCA Machine Check Architecture<br />
MCA Micro Channel Architecture (IBM)<br />
MCA Mission Critical Application<br />
MCA Motion Capture and Analysis<br />
MCA Multiprocessor Communication Adapter<br />
MCAD Mechanical Computer Aided Design<br />
MCAST Motif Cluster Alignment and Search Tool<br />
MCAT Metadata Catalog<br />
MCB Memory Control Block<br />
MCBSP Multi Channel Buffered Serial Port<br />
MCC Mamas Computer Club<br />
MCC Manchester Computing Centre<br />
MCC Media Changer Commands<br />
MCC Memory Cache Controller<br />
MCC Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation<br />
MCC Mission Control Center<br />
MCCI Multi-Channel Communications Interface<br />
MCCI Multimedia Copyright Clearance Ireland<br />
MCCOI Multimedia Communications Community of Interest<br />
MCCS Monitor Command and Control Set (VESA)<br />
MCD Mad Computer Disease<br />
MCD Mini Client Driver<br />
MCDA Micro Channel Developers Association<br />
MCDS Mail Channel Directory System<br />
MCDU Multipurpose Control and Display Unit
MCE Machine Check Exception<br />
MCE Management Communication Engine<br />
MCE Media Center Edition (Microsoft)<br />
MCF Meta Content Format<br />
MCF MOM Connector Framework (Microsoft)<br />
MCFT Multi Cash File Transfer (eBanking)<br />
MCGA Multi Colour Graphics Adaptor/Array<br />
MCGAM MIXER Conformant Global Address Mapping<br />
MCH Memory Controller Hub<br />
MCI Media Control Interface<br />
MCIR Machine Controlled Interactive Retrieval<br />
MCIS Microsoft Commercial Internet System<br />
MCM Media and Communication Management<br />
MCM Multi Carrier Modulation<br />
MCM Multi Chip Module<br />
MCN Media Catalogue Number<br />
MCN Multiple Crossbar Network<br />
MCNC Microelectronics Center of North Carolina<br />
MCNS Multimedia Cable Network System<br />
MCOP Management Coprocessor<br />
MCOP Mobile Connect One-time Password<br />
MCOP Multimedia Communication Protocol (KDE)<br />
MCP Macintosh Coprocessor Platform<br />
MCP Master Control Programm<br />
MCP Media and Communications Processor<br />
MCP Microsoft Certified Professional<br />
MCP Multichip Package<br />
MCPP Microsoft Communications Protocol Program<br />
MCR Minimal/Minimum Cell Rate<br />
MCS Master Control Station<br />
MCS Mission Critical Server<br />
MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme<br />
MCS Multicast Server<br />
MCS Multinational Character Set<br />
MCS Multipoint Communication Services/System<br />
MCSE Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer<br />
MCSG Mathematical and Computational Sciences Group<br />
MCT Memory Controller<br />
MCT Mind Control Technology<br />
MCT MOS Controlled Thyristor<br />
321
322ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
MCU Master Control Unit<br />
MCU Memory/Micro/Multipoint/Module Control/Controller Unit<br />
MCU Minimum Coded Unit<br />
MCU Multi Chip Unit<br />
MCU Multicast Unit<br />
MCU Multipoint Conferencing/Control Unit<br />
MCX Media Center Extender<br />
MD Mail Drop<br />
MD Mediation Device<br />
MD Message Digest<br />
MD Mini Disk<br />
MD5 Message Digest 5<br />
MDA Mail Delivery Agent<br />
MDA Media Dependent/Device Adapter<br />
MDA Mediated Digest Authentication<br />
MDA Mesh Deterministic Access<br />
MDA Mobile Digital Assistant<br />
MDA Model Driven Architecture<br />
MDA Merci d’avance (Slang)<br />
MDA Monochrome Display Adapter<br />
MDAC Master Data Acquisition and Control System<br />
MDAC Microsoft Data Access Component<br />
MDBMS Multidimensional DBMS<br />
MDBS Mobile Data Base Station<br />
MDDI Mobile Digital Display Interface (VESA)<br />
MDE Maschinendatenerfassung<br />
MDEC Motion (JPEG) Decoder<br />
MDF Main Distribution Frame<br />
MDG Message Design Guidelines<br />
MDG Minimum Delay Generator<br />
MDG Mobile Data Gateway/Group<br />
MDG Module Dependency Graph<br />
MDG Multiple Default Gateway<br />
MDG Multiuser Dungeon Game<br />
MDH Multimedia Data Handling<br />
MDI Media Dependent Interface<br />
MDI Multiple Document Interface<br />
MDIS Mobile Data Intermediate System<br />
MDIX Media/Medium Dependent Interface Crossed<br />
MDK Multimedia Development Kit (Microsoft)
323<br />
MDN Message Disposition Notification<br />
MDNI Management Director (!) Network Interface<br />
MDNI Multicast Device Network Interface<br />
MDNS Managed Data Network Service<br />
MDR Minimum Design Requirement<br />
MDS Meta Data Server<br />
MDS Microsoft Deployment Solution<br />
MDS Monitoring and Discovery Service<br />
MDS Mulit-Dimensional Scaling<br />
MDS Multiple Data Stream<br />
MDSL Medium Bit Rate/Multirate Digital Subscriber Line<br />
MDSTV Mediendienstestaatsvertrag<br />
MDT Mittlere Datentechnik<br />
MDT Mobile Data Terminal<br />
MDY Month Day Year (Datumsangabe)<br />
ME Micro Edition<br />
ME Mutation Engine<br />
MEB Memory Expansion Board<br />
MEC Memory Expansion Card<br />
MECN Mobile Extended Corporate Network<br />
MEDARS Medical Access and Retrieval System<br />
MEDLINE Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System<br />
MELANI Melde- und Analysestelle Informationssicherung, Schweiz<br />
MEMS Micro Electro-Mechanical System<br />
MEO Medium Earth Orbit<br />
MERIT Michigan Education Research Insruction Triad<br />
MERLIN Message Handling and Radio Link Management<br />
MERS Most Economical Route Selection<br />
MES Mobile End System<br />
MESFET Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor<br />
MESI Modified Exclusive Shared Invalid (Cache)<br />
MET Memory Enhancement Technology<br />
MET Middle European Time<br />
MET Mission Elapsed Time<br />
METAL Macro Expansion Template Attribute Language<br />
MEXE Mobil Station Execution Environment<br />
MEZ Mitteleuropäische Zeit<br />
MF Marinefunker<br />
MF Multifunktion<br />
MFC Mainframe Computer
324ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
MFC Microsoft Foundation Classes<br />
MFC Multifunktionale Chipkarte<br />
MFFS Microsoft Flash File System<br />
MFI Metafile Input<br />
MFIA Magtape Formatter Interface Adapter<br />
MFJ Modified Final Judgement<br />
MFLOP Million Floating Point Operations<br />
MFM Modified Frequency Modulation<br />
MFO Metafile Output<br />
MFP Multifunction Peripheral<br />
MFPA Multi Function Peripheral Association<br />
MFQ Multilevel Feedback Queue<br />
MFR Multi Frequency Receiver<br />
MFS Macintosh File System<br />
MFS Maximum Frame Size<br />
MFS Memory File System<br />
MFS Mitteilungen für Seefunkstellen<br />
MFT Master File Table<br />
MFT Multi-Programming with a Fixed number of Tasks<br />
MFTL My Favorite Toy Language<br />
MFTP Multicast File Transfer Protocol<br />
MFV Mehrfrequenz-Wahlverfahren (Telefon)<br />
MG Master Group<br />
MG Media Gateway<br />
MGA Mehrgeäteanschluss<br />
MGA Monochrome/Multimode Graphic Adapter<br />
MGC Media Gateway Controller<br />
MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol<br />
MGFT Motion Group Fourier Transform<br />
MGPF Multiprogram General Purpose Facilities<br />
MGR Multi Gigabit Router<br />
MH Modified Huffman (Compression)<br />
MHD Moving Head Disk<br />
MHEG Multimedia and Hypermedia Expert Group<br />
MHF Message Handling Facility<br />
MHN Münchener Hochschul-Netz<br />
MHOTY My Hat’s Off To You (Slang)<br />
MHP Multimedia Home Platform<br />
MHS Message/Mail Handling Service/System<br />
MHTML MIME encoded Hypertext Markup Language
325<br />
MI Mode Indicate<br />
MI Modul Interface<br />
MI Multiple Instruction (Stream Computer)<br />
MIA Missing In Action (Debian)<br />
MIAS Mehrwertsteuerinformationsaustauschsystem<br />
MIB Management Information Base<br />
MIB Melde- und Informationssystem Binnenschifffahrt<br />
MIC Macro Interpretative Command<br />
MIC Media Interface Connector<br />
MIC Memory In Cassette<br />
MIC Message Integrity Check/Code<br />
MIC Mode Indicate Common<br />
MIC Multimedia Interactive Control<br />
MICA Modem ISDN Channel Aggregation<br />
MICE Multimedia Integrated Conferencing for Europe<br />
MICK Multimedia-Informations-Centrum Karlsruhe<br />
MICR Magnetic Ink Character Recognition<br />
MICS Mobile Information and Communication Systems<br />
MID Maritime Identification Digit<br />
MID Message Identifier<br />
MID Mobile Internet Device<br />
MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface<br />
MIDP Mobile Information Device Profile<br />
MIDS Matrix Internet Data Survey<br />
MIEF Management Information Error Facility<br />
MIF Management Information File/Format<br />
MIHMA Model-based Integration Heterogeneous Multimedia Archives<br />
MII Media Independent Interface<br />
MII Microsoft, IBM, Intel<br />
MIL military; Internet-Domain: Militär in den USA<br />
MIL (amerikanische Militärnorm)<br />
MIL Machine Interface Layer<br />
MILNET Military Network, USA<br />
MIM Metall-Isolator-Metall (Bildschirm)<br />
MIMD Multiple Instructions Multiple Data<br />
MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions<br />
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output<br />
MINC Multilingual Internet Names Consortium<br />
MINT Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaften, Technik<br />
MIO Modular Input Output
326ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
MIP Maximum Integration Phone<br />
MIPA Mutual Internet Practices Association<br />
MIPS Million Instructions Per Second<br />
MIPS Most Irrelevant Product Specification<br />
MIPS Multimedia Interactive Protocols and Systems<br />
MIPTEL Mobile IP Telephony<br />
MIS Management Information System<br />
MIS Metal Insulator Semiconductor<br />
MISD Multiple Instructions Single Data<br />
MIT Management Information Tree<br />
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology<br />
MITI Ministry of Trade and Industry, Japan<br />
MITM Man In The Middle (attack)<br />
MITMA Man In The Middle Attack<br />
MITS Model Instrumentation Telemetry System<br />
MIX Member Information Exchange<br />
MIXER MIME Internet X.400 Enhanced Relay<br />
MJ Major Descriptor<br />
MJ Modular Jack (Steckersystem)<br />
MJD Modified Julian Date<br />
MJPEG Motion-JPEG<br />
MKB Media Key Block<br />
MKL Mathematical Kernel Library (Intel)<br />
MKT Multifunktionales Kartenterminal<br />
ML Machine/Markup/Meta Language<br />
MLA Micro Lense Array<br />
MLA My Local Address<br />
MLC Multi Level Cell<br />
MLD Master Logic Diagram<br />
MLD Multicast Listener Discovery<br />
MLE Millenium Language Extension<br />
MLI Multiple Link Interface<br />
MLID Multiple Link Interface Driver<br />
MLIS Multilingual Information Society<br />
MLM Mailing List Manager<br />
MLM Multi-Level Marketing<br />
MLP Message/Multilayer Link Protocol<br />
MLP Mobile Location Protocol<br />
MLPPP Multi Link PPP<br />
MLR Multi-Channel Linear Recording
MLS Multi Level Security<br />
MLS Multiple Link Support<br />
MLT Mechanized Loop Testing<br />
MLT Multi-Level Transition/Transmission<br />
MLT Multi Link Trunking<br />
MLV Multi Language Vendor<br />
MM Maschinenlesbares Merkmal<br />
MM Material/Mobility Management<br />
MM Metadata Manager<br />
MM Moving Magnet<br />
MM Multiple Master<br />
MMA Million Message Attack<br />
MMA Multi-Megabit-Anpassung<br />
MMAC Multi Media Access Center<br />
MMAP Multi Media Access Profile<br />
MMC Man Machine Communication<br />
MMC Matched Memory Cycle<br />
MMC Microsoft Management Console<br />
MMC MIDI Machine Control<br />
MMC Multi Media Card/Commands<br />
MMCA Multi Media Card Association<br />
MMCD Multimedia Compact Disc<br />
MMDF Multichannel Memorandum Distribution Facility<br />
MMDS Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System<br />
MME Multi Media Extensions<br />
MMF Make Money Fast<br />
MMF Multi-Mode Fiber<br />
MMI Man Machine Interface<br />
MMIC Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit<br />
MMIS Materials Manager Information System<br />
MMJ Modified Modular Jack (Steckersystem)<br />
MMK Multimediale Kommunikation<br />
MML Man Machine Language<br />
MML Mathematical Markup Language<br />
MMM Memory Mapper Modul<br />
MMM Micro Macro Magician<br />
MMM Microsoft Multimedia Movie<br />
MMM Mobile Media Mode<br />
MMM Multi Media Mediocrity<br />
MMORPG Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game<br />
327
328ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
MMP Massive Multi Processing<br />
MMPC Multi Message Package Chaffing<br />
MMPM Multi Media Presentation Manager<br />
MMR Modified Modified Read (Compression)<br />
MMR Multi Hop Relay<br />
MMS Manufacturing Message Specification<br />
MMS Module Management System<br />
MMS Multimedia Messaging Service<br />
MMS Multimedia Survey<br />
MMSI Maritime Mobile Service Identity<br />
MMT Multimedia Timer<br />
MMTCA Multimedia Toolbox for Cooperative Applications<br />
MMU Memory Management Unit<br />
MMX Multi Media Extensions<br />
MN Minor Descriptor<br />
MNG Minimal No-Good<br />
MNIT Mobile Networks Integration Technology<br />
MNP Microcom Networking Protocol<br />
MNP Multiple Networking Program<br />
MNRE Manual Not Read Error (Slang)<br />
MNS Managed Network Services<br />
MO Magneto-Optical (Disk)<br />
MO Managed Object<br />
MO Mobile Originated (Message)<br />
MOAP Multihop Over the Air Programming<br />
MOBB Month Of Browser Bugs<br />
MOCA Music Online Competition Act<br />
MOD Magneto-Optical Disk<br />
MOD Movie/Music On Demand<br />
MODCA Mixed Object Document Content Architecture<br />
MODEM Modulator-Demodulator<br />
MODFET Modulation Doped Field Effect Transistor<br />
MOESI Modified, Owner, Exclusive, Shared, Invalid<br />
MOF Meta Object Facility<br />
MOH Music On Hold<br />
MOHLL Machine Oriented High Level Language<br />
MOKB Month Of Kernel Bugs<br />
MOLAP Multidimensional Online Analytical Processing<br />
MOLI Microsoft Online Institute<br />
MOLP Microsoft Open License Pak
329<br />
MOM Map Oriented Machine<br />
MOM Message Oriented Middleware<br />
MOM Microsoft Operations Manager<br />
MOO MUD/Multiuser Object Oriented<br />
MOON Management Of Optical Networks<br />
MOP Maintenance Operations Protocol (DEC)<br />
MOP Multiple Original Prints<br />
MOPL Map oriented Programming Language<br />
MOPS Million Operations Per Second<br />
MOS Mean Opinion Score<br />
MOS Metal Oxide Semiconductor<br />
MOSC Modified Original Smart Card<br />
MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor<br />
MOSIX Multicomputer Operating System for UNIX<br />
MOSPF Multicast Extensions to OSPF<br />
MOSPF Multicast Open Shortest Path First<br />
MOSS Microsoft Office Sharepoint Server<br />
MOSS MIME Object Security Services<br />
MOST Media Oriented Systems Transport<br />
MOST Mobile Open Systems Technology<br />
MOT Multimedia Object Transfer<br />
MOTAS Member Of The Appropriate Sex (Slang)<br />
MOTIS Message Oriented Text Interchange System<br />
MOU Memorandum Of Understanding<br />
MOV Metal Oxide Varistor<br />
MP Magic Packet<br />
MP Massively Parallel<br />
MP Mesh Point<br />
MP Multilink Protocol<br />
MP Multiple Processors<br />
MP Multipoint Processor<br />
MP Multiprocessing<br />
MP3 MPEG Layer 3<br />
MPA Minimum Perceptable Action<br />
MPA Motion Picture Association<br />
MPAA Motion Picture Association of America<br />
MPC Media Port Controller<br />
MPC Microsoft Certified Professional<br />
MPC Multimedia PC<br />
MPCS Manufacturing Planning and Control System
330ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
MPE Maximum Permissible Exposition<br />
MPE Multiprogramming Executive<br />
MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group<br />
MPF Mapping Field<br />
MPG Medizinprodukte-Gesetz<br />
MPI Message Passing Interface<br />
MPI Multi-Protocol Interchange<br />
MPICH Message Passing Interface Chameleon<br />
MPL Mozilla Public License<br />
MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching<br />
MPM Message/Multi Processing Module<br />
MPMLQ Multipulse Maximum Likelihood Quantization<br />
MPOA Multi Protocol Over ATM<br />
MPP Massively Parallel Processing/Processor<br />
MPP Message Posting/Processing Program/Protocol<br />
MPPP Multilink Point-to-Point Protocol<br />
MPQS Multiple Polynomial Quadratic Sieve<br />
MPR Massenparallelrechner<br />
MPR Mät- och Provningsrådet (Schweden)<br />
MPR Multi-Protocol Router<br />
MPR Multipart Repeater<br />
MPR Multipoint Relay<br />
MPRM Mobile Payment Reference Model<br />
MPT Memory Protocol Translator<br />
MPT Ministry of Post and Telecommunications, UK + Japan<br />
MPTF Multiple Protocol Transport Feature<br />
MPTN Multi-/Multiple Protocol Transport Network (IBM)<br />
MPTP Micro Payment Transfer Protocol<br />
MPTS Multiprotocol Transport Services (IBM)<br />
MPU Microprocessor Unit<br />
MPU MIDI Processing Unit<br />
MPW Macintosh Programmers/Programming Workbench<br />
MPX Multi Pointer X (Server)<br />
MPX Multiplex<br />
MQ Message Queuing<br />
MQE Managed Query Environment<br />
MQI Messaging and Queuing Interface<br />
MR magneto-resistiv<br />
MR Modem Ready<br />
MR Modified Read (Compression)
331<br />
MRAM Magnetoresistive/Ferromagnetic Random Access Memory<br />
MRB Method Request Broker<br />
MRC Magneto-Resistive Cluster<br />
MRCC Maritime Rescue Coordination Center<br />
MRCF Microsoft Realtime Compression Format<br />
MRCI Microsoft Realtime Compression Interface<br />
MRM Motif Resource Manager<br />
MRM Multi Resolution Mesh<br />
MRML Mind Reading Markup Language<br />
MRML Multimedia Retrieval Markup Language<br />
MRO Multi-Region Operation<br />
MRP Material Requirements Planning<br />
MRP Manufacturing Resource Planning<br />
MRPL Main Ring Path Length<br />
MRS Media Recognition System<br />
MRS Microcontroller Readable Sector<br />
MRS Mode Register Set<br />
MRS Moderator Recovery System<br />
MRS Monitored Retrievable Storage<br />
MRT Mean Repair Time<br />
MRTD Machine Readable Travel Document<br />
MRU Maximum Receive Unit<br />
MRU Most Recently Used<br />
MRZ Machine Readable Zone<br />
MS Management Services<br />
MS Memory Stick/System<br />
MS Message Store<br />
MS Microsoft Corporation<br />
MS Mobile Station<br />
MS Multiplexer Section<br />
MS Music/Speech<br />
MSA Microsoft Systems Architecture<br />
MSA Mobile Service Architecture<br />
MSAA Microsoft Active Accessibility<br />
MSAIS Multiplexer Section Alarm Indication Signal<br />
MSAM Microsoft Screen Access Model<br />
MSAM Multikeyed Indexed Sequential File Access Method<br />
MSAP Minislotted Alternating Priorities<br />
MSAS Multimedia-Stream Adaptation Services<br />
MSAU Multi-Station Access Unit
332ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
MSB Most Significant Bit/Byte<br />
MSC Main Service Channel<br />
MSC Mid Speech Clipping<br />
MSC Mobile (Services) Switching Centre<br />
MSCDEX Microsoft Compact Disk Extensions<br />
MSCHAP Microsoft Challenge/Reply Handshake Protocol<br />
MSCP Mass Storage Control Protocol<br />
MSCS Microsoft Cluster Server/Services<br />
MSD Mass Storage Device<br />
MSD Most Significant Digit<br />
MSDL Motion Special Description Language<br />
MSDN Microsoft Developer Network<br />
MSDOS Microsoft Disk Operating System<br />
MSDP Multicast Source Discovery Protocol<br />
MSDR Multiplexed Streaming Data Request<br />
MSDS Microsoft Developer Support<br />
MSDS MIDI Sample Dump Standard<br />
MSFDC Microsoft + First Data Corporation<br />
MSG Message<br />
MSI Maritime Safety Information<br />
MSI Medium Scale Integration<br />
MSI Message Signaled Interrupt<br />
MSI Microsoft Installer<br />
MSIE Microsoft Internet Explorer<br />
MSIL Microsoft Intermediate Language<br />
MSISDN Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network<br />
MSISDNN Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network Number<br />
MSK Minimum Shift Keying<br />
MSL Master Symbol List<br />
MSL Map Specification Library<br />
MSL Mean Sea Level<br />
MSL Mirrored Server Link<br />
MSLR Max Scan Line Register<br />
MSLR Morphological and Syntactic LR Parser<br />
MSM Mainstream Media<br />
MSN Microsoft Network<br />
MSN Multiple Subscriber Number<br />
MSO Multiple System Operator<br />
MSOH Multiplexer Section Overhead<br />
MSOPF Multicast Open Shortest Path First
MSP Message Security Protocol<br />
MSP Multiplexer Section Protection<br />
MSR Machine Specific Register<br />
MSR Message Service Routine<br />
MSR Messen, Steuern, Regeln<br />
MSR Model Specific Registers<br />
MSR Multiplicity Shift Register<br />
MSRN Mobile Station Roaming Number<br />
MSS MAN Switching System<br />
MSS Maximum Segment Size<br />
MSS Mobile Satellite Service<br />
MSSG MPEG Software Simulation Group<br />
MSTE Multiplexer Section Terminating Equipment<br />
MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol<br />
MSU Multi Service Unit<br />
MSV Medium Speed Variant<br />
MSW Machine Status Word<br />
MT Mobile Terminated (Messaging)<br />
MT Movable Type<br />
MTA Macintosh Telephony Architecture<br />
MTA Mail/Message Transfer Agent<br />
MTA Multiple Terminal Access<br />
MTBB Mean Time Between Breakdowns<br />
MTBDL Mean Time Between Data Loss<br />
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures<br />
MTBJ Mean Time Between Jams<br />
MTC Multi Threaded Calculation<br />
MTD Memory Technology Device<br />
MTDA Mean Time Data Availability<br />
MTF Mean Time to Failure<br />
MTF Microsoft Tape Format<br />
MTF Modulation Transfer Function<br />
MTFBWY May The Force Be With You (Slang)<br />
MTH Memory Translation/Translator Hub<br />
MTJ Magnetic Tunnel Junction<br />
MTN Mini Typing Notify<br />
MTOPS Millions Theoretical Operations Per Second<br />
MTP Mail Transfer Protocol (Internet)<br />
MTP Message Transfer Part<br />
MTP Meteo Time Protocol<br />
333
334ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
MTQP Message Tracking Query Protocol<br />
MTRR Memory Type Range Register<br />
MTS Message Transfer/Telephone Services/System<br />
MTS Michigan Terminal System<br />
MTS Microsoft Transaction Server<br />
MTS Multichannel Television Sound<br />
MTS Multimedia Teleschool (Berlitz)<br />
MTTF Mean Time To Failure<br />
MTTH Mean Time To Half Brightness<br />
MTTR Mean Time To Recovery/Repair<br />
MTU Maximum Transfer/Transmission Unit<br />
MTUF Magnetic Tape Unit Formatter<br />
MU Message Unit<br />
MÜ Maschinelle Übersetzung<br />
MUA Mail User Agent<br />
MUCK Multi User Chat Kingdom<br />
MUD Multi/Multiple-User Dialogue/Dimension/Dungeon (Spiele)<br />
MUEW Monopolübertragungsweg<br />
MUF Maximal Usable Frequency<br />
MUFF Maus- und Fenster-Firlefanz<br />
MUL Memory Upper Low<br />
MUL Mobile User Link<br />
MULTICS Multiplexed Information and Computing Service<br />
MUMPS Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming Syste<br />
MUNDI Multiplexed Network for Distributive and Interactive Services<br />
MUSE Multiple Sub-Nyqyist-Sampling Encoding<br />
MUSEN Meinem Unmassgeblichen Sprachempfinden Nach (Slang)<br />
MUSH Multi-User Shared Hallucinations<br />
MUSIC Multiple Signal Characterization/Classification<br />
MUSICAM Masking Universal Subband Integrated Coding and Multiplex<br />
MUTEX Mutual Exclusion<br />
MUX Multiplexer<br />
MVA Multi-domain Vertical Alignment (panel)<br />
MVB Multimedia Viewer Book<br />
MVC Manual Volume Control<br />
MVC Model View Controller (design pattern)<br />
MVC Multimedia Viewer Compiler<br />
MVC Micro-Bit-Virus-Centrum, Karlsruhe<br />
MVCC Multi Version Concurrency Control<br />
MVD Multi Valued Dependency
335<br />
MVDM Multiple Virtual DOS Machines<br />
MVFS Multi Version File System<br />
MVGA Monochrome Video Graphics Array<br />
MVIP Multi Vendor Integration/Interaction Protocol<br />
MVL Multiple Virtual Line<br />
MVM Matrix Vector Multiplier<br />
MVP Multimedia Video Processor<br />
MVQ Motion Vector Quantization<br />
MVS Multiple Virtual Storage/Systems (IBM)<br />
MVT Multiprogramming with a Variable number of Tasks<br />
MVT Multi Vendor Teaming<br />
MW Mittelwelle, Medium Wave<br />
MWC Mirror Write Cache<br />
MWCG Multiply With Carry (random number) Generator<br />
MWCM Molecular Wire Crossbar Memory<br />
MWD Mehrwertdienst<br />
MWI Message Waiting Indication<br />
MWM Motif Window Manager<br />
MWMR Multiple Write, Multiple Read<br />
MWN Managed WAN Networks<br />
MX Mail Exchange/Exchanger (DNS-Record)<br />
MXF Material Exchange Format<br />
MXS Mail Exchangers (plural of MX)<br />
MXS Message Exchange Services<br />
MXS Microsoft Exchange Server<br />
MXT Memory Expansion Technology (IBM)<br />
MYOB Mind Your Own Business (Slang)<br />
MZAP Multicast-Scope Zone Announcement Protocol<br />
N National, Network, No/Non<br />
NA Network Access<br />
NA Not Applicable/Available<br />
NAB National Address Base<br />
NAB National Association of Broadcasters (USA)<br />
NAC Network Access/Admission Control<br />
NAC Network Analysis Corporation<br />
NAC Network Applications Consortium (USA)<br />
NAC Null Attachment Concentrator<br />
NACA National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (USA)
336ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
NACD National Association of Computer Dealers<br />
NACK Negative Acknowledge<br />
NACS National Advisory Committee on Semiconductors<br />
NACS NetWare Asynchronous Communication Server<br />
NADIR Network Anomaly Detection + Intrusion Reporter<br />
NAEC Novell Authorized Education Center<br />
NAF National Arbitration Forum<br />
NAFOD No Apparent Fear Of Death (Slang)<br />
NAG Numerical Algorithms Group, Oxford<br />
NAIF Navigation Ancillary Information Facility<br />
NAK Negative Acknowledge/Acknowledgement<br />
NAL Network Abstraction Layer<br />
NAL Novell Application Launcher<br />
NAM Name and Address Module<br />
NAM Narrow Amplitude Modulation<br />
NAM National Account Manager<br />
NAM Netware Application Manager<br />
NAM Network Analysis Module<br />
NAM Number Assignment Module<br />
NAMP NetWare Asynchronous Messaging Protocol<br />
NAN Not a Number<br />
NAND not and<br />
NANOG North American Network Operators Group<br />
NAP Network Access Point/Protection/Protocol<br />
NAP Non-significant Address Part (Bluetooth)<br />
NAPAW North American Process Algebra Workshop<br />
NAPLPS North American Presentation Layer/Level Protocol Syntax<br />
NAPT Network Address Port Translation (RFC 3022)<br />
NAPTR Naming Authority Pointer<br />
NAQ Never Answered Questions<br />
NARR Narrative<br />
NAS Network Access Server<br />
NAS Network Administration System<br />
NAS Network Application Services<br />
NAS Network Application Support (DEC)<br />
NAS Network Attached Storage<br />
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USA<br />
NASA .net Application and Strategic Alternatives<br />
NASI NetWare Asynchronous Services Interface (Novell)<br />
NASIG Numerical Analysis Special Interest Group
337<br />
NASK Naukowa i Akademicka Siec Komputerowa (Polen)<br />
NASS Numerical Aerodynamics Simulation System<br />
NAT Network Address Translation<br />
NAU Network Access/Addressable Unit<br />
NAUN Nearest Active Upstream Neighbour<br />
NAV Network Allocation Vector<br />
NAVI New Analog Video Interface<br />
NAVTEX Navigational Warnings by Telex<br />
NAX Nachrichten auf Fax<br />
NB Noise Blanker<br />
NB Northbridge<br />
NBC National Broadcasting Compnay, USA<br />
NBD Network Block Device<br />
NBD No Big Deal (Slang)<br />
NBF Netbios Frame (Transport Protocol)<br />
NBFCP NetBIOS Frames Control Protocol<br />
NBG Networking Business Group<br />
NBMA Non-Broadcast Multiple Access<br />
NBN Nixdorf Breitbandnetz<br />
NBNS NetBIOS Name Server/Service<br />
NBO Network Byte Order<br />
NBP Name Binding Protocol<br />
NBP Netbios Protocol<br />
NBP Network Bootstrap Program<br />
NBS National Bureau of Standards, USA (jetzt NIST)<br />
NBT NetBIOS on TCP/IP<br />
NC Network Computer/Control<br />
NC Newcastle Connection<br />
NC No Connection<br />
NC Node Consistency<br />
NC Number Cruncher/Crusher<br />
NC Numerical Control<br />
NCA Network Communications Adapter<br />
NCA Network Computer/Computing Architecture<br />
NCAM National Center for Accessible Media, USA<br />
NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA<br />
NCB NetBIOS Control Block<br />
NCC National Computing Centre<br />
NCC Network Computer Client<br />
NCC Network Control Center
338ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
NCC Network Coordination Centre (RIPE)<br />
NCCUSL National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws<br />
NCD Network Computing Device<br />
NCD Network Copy Detection<br />
NCE Nomadic Computing Environment<br />
NCEG Numerical C Extensions Group<br />
NCF Network Computing Facility<br />
NCGA National Computer Graphics Association<br />
NCI Network Control Information<br />
NCM Network Configuration Management<br />
NCMT Numerical Control for Machine Tools<br />
NCN New Century Network<br />
NCNCNC No Coffee, No Chocolate, No Computer (Slang)<br />
NCO Numerically Controlled Oscillator<br />
NCP NetWare Core Protocol<br />
NCP Network Control Processor/Protocol/Program<br />
NCP Not Copy Protected<br />
NCQ Native Command Queuing<br />
NCR National Cash Register Corporation, USA<br />
NCS Natural Colour System<br />
NCS Network Computer Server<br />
NCS Network Computing System<br />
NCS NASI Connection Service<br />
NCSA National Center for Supercomputing Applications, USA<br />
NCSA National Computer Security Association<br />
NCSA National Customer Service Association<br />
NCSC National Computer Security Center<br />
NCSC North Carolina Supercomputing Center<br />
NCSD National Cyber Security Division, USA<br />
NCSI Network Communication Services Interface<br />
NCSL National Computer System Laboratory<br />
NCSTRL Networked Computer Science Technical Reports Library<br />
ND Natürliche Dummheit (Gegensatz zu KI)<br />
ND Network Diagram<br />
NDA Non Disclosure Agreement<br />
NDA Norddeutsche Datenautobahn<br />
NDAC Not Data Accepted<br />
NDAS Network Direct Attached Storage<br />
NDB Non-Directional Beacon<br />
NDC National Destination Code
339<br />
NDC Normalized Device Coordinate<br />
NDI Network Distribution Infrastructure<br />
NDIS Network Device/Driver Interface Specification<br />
NDL Network Database Language<br />
NDLTD Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations<br />
NDM Netzwerk-Datenmodell<br />
NDM Normal Disconnected Mode<br />
NDMP Network Data Management Protocol<br />
NDMS NetWare Distributed Management Services<br />
NDP Numeric Data Processor<br />
NDPS Netware Distributed Printing Services<br />
NDPS Non-Disruptive Path Switching<br />
NDR Non Delivery Report<br />
NDR Norddeutscher Rundfunk<br />
NDS Netware/Novell Directory Services<br />
NDS Noise Detected as Speech<br />
NDST Network Dedicated Systems Time<br />
NDT Net Data Throughput<br />
NDT Network Design Tool<br />
NDTP Network Dictionary Transfer Protocol<br />
NE Name Error<br />
NE Network/Node Element<br />
NE4 Netzebene 4<br />
NEA Nichtdeterministischer Endlicher Automat (NFA)<br />
NEARNET New England Academic and Research Network<br />
NEC National Electric Code (Kabel)<br />
NEC Nippon Electric Company, Japan<br />
NEC Numerical Electromagnetics Code<br />
NECC National Education Computing Conference, USA<br />
NECTAR Network Computer Architecture<br />
NEDD New Electrostatic Drop Detector<br />
NEES Network for Earthquake Engineering and Simulation<br />
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association<br />
NEMS Nano Electromechanical Storage<br />
NEOS Networked Educational On-line System<br />
NERD Network Event Recording Device<br />
NEST Novell Embedded Systems Technology<br />
NET network; Internet-Domain: Netzverwaltung<br />
NET Network Entity Title<br />
NET Norme Europeenne de Telecommunication
340ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
NETBEUI NetBIOS Extended User Interface (IBM)<br />
NETBIOS Network Basic Input and Output System (IBM)<br />
NETBLT Network Block Transfer (Protocol)<br />
NETCDF Network Common Data Form<br />
NETSC Netscape (Browser)<br />
NETSC Network Security Consortium<br />
NEWS Network Extensible Window System<br />
NEXT Near End Cross Talk<br />
NF Niederfrequenz<br />
NF Noise Factor<br />
NF Normalform (Datenbank)<br />
NFA Nondeterministic Finite Automaton<br />
NFAR Network File Access Routine<br />
NFC Near Field Communications<br />
NFF No Fault Found<br />
NFGM Nano Floating Gate Memory<br />
NFI No Frigging Idea (Slang)<br />
NFM Narrow Frequency Modulation<br />
NFM Network File Manager<br />
NFS Nachrichten für Seefunkstellen<br />
NFS Network/Nightmare File Server/System<br />
NFS Number Field Sieve<br />
NFSS New Font Selection Scheme<br />
NFW No Fucking Way (Slang)<br />
NG Next/New Generation<br />
NG No Good<br />
NGG Network Group Germany<br />
NGI Next Generation Internet<br />
NGIO Next Generation Input Output<br />
NGM Netware Global Messaging<br />
NGMHS NetWare Global Message Handling System<br />
NGMN Next Generation Mobile Network<br />
NGN Next Generation Network<br />
NGO Non Governmental Organization<br />
NGS Non Government Standard<br />
NGSCB Next Generation Secure Computing Base<br />
NGSCBFW Next Generation Secure Computing Base for Windows<br />
NGWS Next Generation Windows Services<br />
NGZ Network Game Zone<br />
NHC Notebook Hardware Control
341<br />
NHOB Non-specific Hierarchical Operational Binding<br />
NHRP Next Hop Routing/Resolution Protocol<br />
NI Neighbourhood Interchangeability<br />
NI Network Interconnect<br />
NIA Network Interoperability Alliance<br />
NIC National ISDN Council<br />
NIC Network Information Center<br />
NIC Network Interface Card<br />
NIC John-von-Neumann-Institut für Computing, Jülich<br />
NICA Novell Integrated Computing Architecture<br />
NICAD Nickel Cadmium (Akkumulator)<br />
NICAM Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex<br />
NICE Network Information and Control Exchange (Protocol)<br />
NICK Netzweites Informationssystem im Campus der Universität K<br />
NID Namespace Identifier<br />
NID Next ID<br />
NIDL Network Interface Definition Language<br />
NIDS Network Intrusion Detection System<br />
NIF Nautischer Informationsfunk<br />
NIF Network Information File/Frame<br />
NIG Non Isolated Gate<br />
NIH National Institute of Health, USA<br />
NIH Not Invented Here<br />
NIHCL NIH Class Library<br />
NII National Information Infrastructure, USA<br />
NIIT National Information Infrastructure Testbed<br />
NIK Nachhaltigkeit in der Informations- und Kommunikationstech<br />
NIL Network Interchange Language<br />
NILFS New Implementation of a Log-structured File System<br />
NIM Network Installation Manager<br />
NIM Network Interface Machine<br />
NIMA National Imaging and Mapping Agency<br />
NIMBY Not In My Backyard (Slang)<br />
NIMH Nickel Metal Hydride (Akkumulator)<br />
NIMP NetWare Internetwork Messaging Protocol<br />
NIP Network Inquiry Protocol<br />
NIP Non-Impact Printer/Printing<br />
NIPC National Infrastructure Protection Center<br />
NIPS Network I/O Per Second<br />
NIR Network Information Retrieval
342ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
NIS Nachbarschafts-Informationssystem<br />
NIS NATO Identification System<br />
NIS Network Information/Interpreting Service<br />
NIS Norddeutsches Informationssystem<br />
NISA New Information Services Architecture<br />
NISDN Narrow Band ISDN<br />
NISO National Information Standards Organization<br />
NISS National Information Services and Systems, USA<br />
NISS National Information on Software and Services, USA<br />
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA<br />
NIT Network Information Table<br />
NIT Network Interface Tap<br />
NITC National Information Technology Center<br />
NIU Network Interface Unit<br />
NIUF National ISDN Users Forum<br />
NJE Network Job Entry (IBM)<br />
NL Network Layer<br />
NL New Line<br />
NLA Next Level Aggregator<br />
NLA Not Long Ago (Slang)<br />
NLANR National Laboratory for Applied Networking Research, USA<br />
NLB Network Load Balancing<br />
NLE Nonlinear Editing<br />
NLLS Nonlinear Least Squares<br />
NLM Netware Loadable Modul (Novell)<br />
NLMB Nolifemuddinbastard (Slang)<br />
NLOC Netto Lines Of Code<br />
NLP Natural Language Processing<br />
NLP Non Linear Programming<br />
NLPID Network Layer/Level Protocol Identifier<br />
NLQ Near Letter Quality<br />
NLS National/Native Language Support<br />
NLSP Netware Link Service/State Protocol<br />
NLUUG Niederländische UNIX User Group<br />
NM Network Management<br />
NM New Maintainer (Debian)<br />
NMA Network Management Architecture<br />
NMAS Novell Modular Authentication Services<br />
NMC Network Management/Measurement Center<br />
NMCP Network Management Control Protocol
343<br />
NMEA National Marine Electronics Association<br />
NMI Non Maskable Interrupt<br />
NML Normal<br />
NMM NetWare Management Map (Novell)<br />
NMM Network Management Modul<br />
NMO Network Management Option (OSF)<br />
NMOS N-Channel MOS (Transistor)<br />
NMOS Network Management Operating System<br />
NMP Network Management Processor<br />
NMPR Networked Media Product Requirements<br />
NMR Network Management Responder (Novell)<br />
NMR Noise to Mask Ration<br />
NMS Network/NetWare Management Station/System<br />
NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone<br />
NMU Non-Maintainer Upload (Debian)<br />
NMVT Network Management Vector Command<br />
NMX Network Magement Extensions<br />
NN Network Node<br />
NN Newbie Note (Slang)<br />
NN Nightmare Networker (Slang)<br />
NNGS No Name Go Server<br />
NNI Network Node/Network Interface<br />
NNI Next Node Indicator<br />
NNR Novell Network Registry<br />
NNSC NSFnet Network Service Center<br />
NNSP National Network of State Polls, USA<br />
NNSP Neural Networks for Signal Processing<br />
NNTP Network News Transfer Protocol (Internet)<br />
NNX Nerwork Numbering Exchange<br />
NOA Nerds on Air<br />
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration<br />
NOAH Network Oriented Application Harmonization<br />
NOC Network Operation Center<br />
NOC Number of Children<br />
NOEBL Nichtöffentlicher beweglicher Landfunk<br />
NOEML Nichtöffentlicher mobiler Landfunk<br />
NOMA National Online Media Association<br />
NOP No Operation<br />
NOR not or<br />
NORC Naval Ordnance Research Calculator
344ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
NORSAR Norwegian Seismic Array<br />
NOS Network Operating System<br />
NOW Network Of Workstations<br />
NP No Problem (Slang)<br />
NP Nondeterministic Polynomial time<br />
NPA Network Performance Analyzer<br />
NPA Network Printer/Printing Alliance<br />
NPA Numbering Plan Area<br />
NPACI National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure<br />
NPAP Network Printing Alliance Protocol<br />
NPAPI Netscape Plug-in Application Program Interface<br />
NPC Network Personal Computer<br />
NPCID Network Provides Caller Identifier<br />
NPH Non Processed Header<br />
NPI Neighbourhood Partial Interchangeability<br />
NPI Network Printer Interface<br />
NPL National Physical Laboratory, England<br />
NPL Nonprocedural Language<br />
NPP Network Printing Protocol<br />
NPR Non Persistent Reference<br />
NPS Network Print Server<br />
NPTL Native POSIX Thread Library<br />
NPTN National Public Telecomputing Network, USA<br />
NPV Non Patient Vicinity<br />
NQE Network Queuing Environment<br />
NQS Network Queuing System<br />
NR No-Good Recording<br />
NRC National Research Council, USA<br />
NRCS National Replacement Character Set<br />
NREN National Research and Education/Educational Network<br />
NRF Nerds’ Revolutionary Front<br />
NRL Namespace Routing Language<br />
NRM Normal Response Mode<br />
NRN National Research Network<br />
NRN Netware Remote Node<br />
NRN No Reply Necessary (Slang)<br />
NRO Numbering Resource Organisation<br />
NRPC (Lotus) Notes Remote Procedure Call<br />
NRRT Non-reroutable Traffic<br />
NRT Non Real Time
NRTL Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (USA)<br />
NRTM Near Real Time Mirroring<br />
NRV Niedersächsicher Rechner-Verbund<br />
NRZ Non Return to Zero<br />
NRZI Non Return to Zero, Invert on ones<br />
NS Name Server (Record)<br />
NS Natural Stupidness<br />
NS Netscape<br />
NS Network Supervisor<br />
NS New Signal<br />
NSA National Security Agency, USA<br />
NSA Nichtschlüsselattribut<br />
NSAP Network Service Access Point<br />
NSAPA Network Service Access Point Address<br />
NSAPI Netscape Server API<br />
NSC National Support Center<br />
NSC Network Security Controller<br />
NSC Network Signon Coordinator<br />
NSCACE NSC Auxiliary Control Element<br />
NSCD Name Service Cache Daemon<br />
NSDI National Spatial Data Infrastructure<br />
NSDI Networked Systems Design and Implementation<br />
NSE Network Software Environment<br />
NSF National Science Foundation, USA<br />
NSF Non Standard Format<br />
NSF Norges Standardiseringsforbund<br />
NSF (Lotus) Notes Storage Facility/File<br />
NSFNET National Science Foundation Network (Internet)<br />
NSI Network Solutions, Inc.<br />
NSI Norsk Sentrum for Informatikk, Norwegen<br />
NSIC National Storage Industry Consortium, USA<br />
NSID (DNS) Name Server Identifier<br />
NSL Network Service Layer<br />
NSM Network Storage Manager<br />
NSM Netz-Service-Modul<br />
NSM Netz- und Systemmanagement<br />
NSO Network Security Officer<br />
NSO Nonvirtual Significant Other (Slang)<br />
NSP Native Signal Processing<br />
NSP Network Services Protocol/Provider<br />
345
346ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
NSR Niederspannungsrichtlinie<br />
NSRA Nordvästra Skånes Radioamatörer<br />
NSRMP Network Security Risk Management Protocol<br />
NSS Namespace Specific String<br />
NSS Name Service Switch<br />
NSS National Search and Rescue Secretariat, Canada<br />
NSS Network Specific String<br />
NSS Nodal Switching System<br />
NSS Novell Storage Services<br />
NSSDC National Space Science Data Center, USA<br />
NSSN National Standards System Network, USA<br />
NSSR Non-Specific Subordinate Reference<br />
NSTL National Software Testing Labs, USA<br />
NSTVA Nebenstellen-Vermittlungsanlage<br />
NSTX Name Server Tunnel Exchange (Protocol)<br />
NSUB Neighbourhood Substitutability<br />
NSUE Netzsteuerungs- und -überwachungssystem<br />
NSW National Software Works, USA<br />
NSW Network Setup Wizard<br />
NSW Norton SystemWorks (Symantec),USA<br />
NSW Novell Script for NetWare<br />
NT Network Termination/Terminator (ISDN)<br />
NT New Technology/Trouble<br />
NTAS Windows NT Advanced Server<br />
NTBA Network Terminator Basicrate Access (ISDN-Netzbasisanschluss)<br />
NTC National Telecommunications Conference<br />
NTC Negative Temperature Coefficient<br />
NTDLM Neue Telefondienstleistungsmerkmale<br />
NTF Neutral Transfer Format<br />
NTF No Trouble Found<br />
NTFS New Technology File System (Microsoft)<br />
NTG Nachrichtentechnische Gesellschaft e. V.<br />
NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration, US<br />
NTIC Nouvelles Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication<br />
NTL Network Tracing and Logging<br />
NTM Nondeterministic Turing Machine<br />
NTN Network Terminal/Termination Number<br />
NTP Network Termination Point<br />
NTP Network Time Protocol<br />
NTR Nationale Teilnehmer-Rufnummer
347<br />
NTS Network Transport Services (IBM)<br />
NTS New Typesetting System<br />
NTSA Networking Technical Support Alliance<br />
NTSC National Television Standards/System Committee, USA<br />
NTSC Never The Same Color (Slang)<br />
NTT Nippon Telegraph + Telephone Corporation, Japan<br />
NTTAWWT Not That There’s Anything Wrong With That (Slang)<br />
NTTF Networking and Telecommunications Task Force<br />
NTV Network Television<br />
NUA Network User Address<br />
NUI Network User Identification/Interface<br />
NUL Null<br />
NUMA Non Uniform Memory Access/Address/Architecture<br />
NURBS Non Uniform Rational B-Spline<br />
NV Net View/Vision/Volume<br />
NV Network Variable/Video<br />
NV New Version<br />
NV No Overflow<br />
NV Nominal Voltage<br />
NV Non-volatile<br />
NVE Nummer der Versandeinheit<br />
NVM Non Volatile Memory<br />
NVN National Videotext Network<br />
NVO Non-Visual User Object<br />
NVOD Near Video On Demand<br />
NVP Network Voice Protocol (Internet)<br />
NVP Nominal Velocity of Propagation<br />
NVQ National Vocational Qualification<br />
NVR Non Volatile Random Access Memory<br />
NVRAM Non Volatile Random Access Memory<br />
NVT Network Virtual Terminal<br />
NWFS Netware File System (Novell)<br />
NWG Network Working Group<br />
NWNET North West Net<br />
NWS National Warning System, USA<br />
NWS Network Weather Service<br />
NX No Execute<br />
NYPSC New York Public Service Commission<br />
NYSERNet New York State Educational and Research Network
348ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
O Object, Open, Operate, Optical<br />
OA Open Access<br />
OAA Open Agent Architecture<br />
OAEP Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding<br />
OAF Origin Address Field<br />
OAG Open Application Group<br />
OAI Offene Anwendungs- und Interkommunikationssysteme<br />
OAI Open Applications Interface<br />
OAI Open Archive Initiative<br />
OAI Oracle Academic Initiative<br />
OAIS Open Archival Information System<br />
OAM Object Attribute Memory<br />
OAM Operation, Administration, Maintenance<br />
OAO Over And Out (Slang)<br />
OASIS Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Stan<br />
OATUS On A Totally Unrelated Subject (Slang)<br />
OAUS On An Unrelated Subject (Slang)<br />
OAW Optically Assisted Winchester<br />
OB Orange Book<br />
OBC Onboard Computer<br />
OBE Overcome By Events (Slang)<br />
OBEX Object Exchange (Protocol)<br />
OBI Online Book Inititative<br />
OBO Or Best Offer (Slang)<br />
OBS Objektbanksystem<br />
OBS Optical Burst Switching<br />
OBST Object Management System of STONE<br />
OBTW Oh, By The Way (Slang)<br />
OBU On Board Unit<br />
OC Open Control<br />
OC Optical Carrier<br />
OC3 Optical Carrier Level 3<br />
OCA Object/Open Component Architecture<br />
OCALA Open Common Annotation Language<br />
OCB Optically Compensated Bend<br />
OCC Omas/Opas Computer-Club<br />
OCC Operations Control Center<br />
OCC Other Common Carrier<br />
OCCC Obfuscated C Code Contest<br />
OCE Open Collaborative Environment (Apple)
349<br />
OCFS Oracle Cluster File System<br />
OCI Object Code Insertion<br />
OCI Operational Cryptography and Interception<br />
OCI Oracle Call Interface<br />
OCL Operator/Operation Control Language<br />
OCLC Online Cataloging/Computer Library Catalog/Center<br />
OCP Optical Storage Processor<br />
OCR Optical Character/Curve Recognition<br />
OCR Oracle Cluster Registry<br />
OCS Object Compatibility Standard<br />
OCS Open Cabling System<br />
OCSP Online Certificate Status Protocol<br />
OCT Object Code Translator<br />
OCTD Observation, Conclusion, Temporary Data<br />
OCX OLE Control Extensions<br />
ODA Open Data Applications<br />
ODA Open/Office Document Architecture<br />
ODAC Open Document Architecture Consortium<br />
ODAM Open Distributed Application Model<br />
ODAPI Open Database Application Programming Interface<br />
ODB Object Oriented Data Base<br />
ODBC Open Data Base Connectivity (Microsoft)<br />
ODBMS Object Oriented Database Management System<br />
ODC Overdrive Circuit<br />
ODCS Open Distributed Computing Structure<br />
ODD Open Data Desktop<br />
ODE Object Data and Environment<br />
ODE Open Dynamics Engine<br />
ODE Ordinary Differential Equation<br />
ODE OSF Development Environment<br />
ODETTE Organisation for Data Exchange by Tele-Transmission in Euro<br />
ODF On Disk Format<br />
ODF Open Document Format<br />
ODF OpenDoc Development Framework<br />
ODFA Open Document Format Alliance<br />
ODI Open Data-Link Interface (Novell)<br />
ODIF Open/Office Document Interchange Format<br />
ODIMS Open Distributed Information Management System<br />
ODINSUP ODI-NDIS Supplementary Driver<br />
ODL Object Definition Language, Optical Disc Library
350ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
ODM Object Data Manager<br />
ODMA Open Document Management API<br />
ODMG Object Database Management Group<br />
ODMR On Demand Mail Relay<br />
ODN Optical Data Network<br />
ODP Open Directory Project<br />
ODP Open Distributed Processing<br />
ODR Optical Digital Reference<br />
ODS Offene Datenschnittstelle<br />
ODS Offenes Deutsches Schulnetz<br />
ODS On Disc Structure (File System)<br />
ODS Open Data Services<br />
ODSI Open Directory Service Interface<br />
ODT On-Die Termination<br />
ODTM Optical Time Division Multiplexing<br />
ODVA Open Device-Net Vendor Association<br />
OE Opportunistic Encryption<br />
OE Output Enable<br />
OEB Open Electronic Book<br />
OEBL Öffentlicher beweglicher Landfunk<br />
OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development<br />
OEF Origin Element Field<br />
OEM Odd Even Merge (Graph, Netz)<br />
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer<br />
OES Odd Even Sort (Graph, Netz)<br />
OES Open Enterprise Server (Novell)<br />
OF Overflow Flag<br />
OFA Optimal Flexible Architecture<br />
OFAP Old Fart At Play (Slang)<br />
OFB Output Feedback<br />
OFD Optical Frequency Division Demultiplexer/Demultiplexing<br />
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex/Multiplexing<br />
OFE Open Financial Exchange<br />
OFET Organic Field Effect Transistor<br />
OFFIS Oldenburger Forschungs- und Entwicklungsinstitut für Informatik<br />
OFHC Oxygen Free High Conductivity (Copper)<br />
OFM Optical Frequency Division Multiplexer/Multiplexing<br />
OFS Object File System<br />
OFS Old File System (Amiga)<br />
OFS Output Field Separator
351<br />
OFTC Open and Free Technology Community<br />
OFTP Odette File Transfer Protocol<br />
OFW Oberflächenwelle<br />
OFX Open Financial Exchange<br />
OGIS Open Geodata Interoperability Specification<br />
OGM Ogg Media<br />
OGSA Open Grid Services Architecture<br />
OGSI Open Grid Services Infrastructure<br />
OH Off Hook<br />
OHA Open Handset Alliance<br />
OHCI Open Host Controller Interface<br />
OHR Over Horizon RADAR<br />
OIC Oh, I See (Slang)<br />
OIC Operator Interface Console<br />
OID Object Identifier (IANA)<br />
OIDC Object Identifier Component<br />
OIDL Object Interface Definition Language<br />
OII (European Commission’s) Open Information Interchange (Serv<br />
OIM Object Interaction Model<br />
OIM Office of Information Management<br />
OIM Offline Instant Message<br />
OIM Open Information Model<br />
OIM Operating Instruction Manual<br />
OIM Operations/Operator Interface Module<br />
OIM Optical Interface Module<br />
OIM Oracle Identity Management<br />
OIM OSI Internet Management<br />
OIN Open Invention Network<br />
OIO Open Infrastructure for Outcomes<br />
OIRT Organisation International de Radio et Television<br />
OIS Office/Online Information System<br />
OIT Object Identifier Tree<br />
OIU Operator Interface Unit<br />
OIV Object Identifier Value<br />
OIW OSI Implementors’ Workshop<br />
OK Oberer Kanal<br />
OKKSA Offener Katalog für Kommunale Softwareanforderungen<br />
OLALA Open Local Area Linux Applications<br />
OLAP Online Analytical Processing<br />
OLC Online Computer
352ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
OLC Optical Link Card<br />
OLE Object Linking and Embedding<br />
OLE Open License for Education<br />
OLED Organic Light Emitting Device/Diode/Display<br />
OLI Open Link Interface (Novell)<br />
OLI Optical Phone Line Interface<br />
OLIT Open Look Intrinsic Toolkit<br />
OLIX On-Line Informationssystem UNIX<br />
OLM Optical Link Modul<br />
OLP Open License Plan/Program<br />
OLPC One Laptop Per Child<br />
OLSR Optimized Link State Routing (Protocol)<br />
OLT Optical Line Termination<br />
OLTC On Line Trace Compression<br />
OLTP On Line Transaction Processing<br />
OLWM Open Look Window Manager<br />
OM Object Manager<br />
OM Old Man (Radioamateur)<br />
OM Optimal Mismatch<br />
O&M Operation and Maintenance<br />
OMA Object/Open Management Architecture<br />
OMA Open Mobile Alliance/Architecture (Cabrio?)<br />
OMAC One-key Message Authentication Code<br />
OMAP Open Multimedia Applications Protocol<br />
OMAP Operation and Maintenance Part<br />
OMC Operation and Maintenance Center<br />
OMCR Operation and Maintenance Center Radio<br />
OMCS Operation and Maintenance Center Switch<br />
OME On-board Modul Extension<br />
OMF Object Management Facility/Framework<br />
OMF Object Module Format<br />
OMF Open Media Framework<br />
OMF Open Source Metadata Framework<br />
OMFS Open Mosix File System<br />
OMG Object Management Group<br />
OMI Open Messaging/Modelling Interface<br />
OMI Open Microprocessor Systems Initiative<br />
OML Object Manipulation Language<br />
OMR Optical Mark Recognition<br />
OMS Object management System
353<br />
OMT Object Modelling Technique<br />
OMUP Operating and Maintenance User Part<br />
ONAL Off-Network Access Line<br />
ONC Open Network Computing (Sun)<br />
ONCS Open Network Compute Server<br />
ONE Open Net/Network Environment (Sun)<br />
ONI Operator Number Identification<br />
ONM Open Network Management<br />
ONMS Open Network Management System<br />
ONN Open Network Node<br />
ONNA Oh No, Not Again (Slang)<br />
ONNTA Oh No, Not This Again (Slang)<br />
ONP Open Network Provision<br />
ONP Open Network Provision<br />
ONP Open Networking Platform<br />
ONS Object Naming/Numbering System<br />
ONU Optical Network Unit<br />
OO Owner Override<br />
OOA Object Oriented (System) Analysis<br />
OOC Object Oriented Concepts<br />
OOC Out Of Characters (Slang)<br />
OOD Object Oriented Design<br />
OODBMS Object Oriented Database Management System<br />
OOE Objektorientierter Entwurf<br />
OOF Out Of Frame<br />
OOI Object Of Interest (Slang)<br />
OOI Object Oriented Implementation<br />
OOIS Object Oriented Information System<br />
OOK On Off Keying<br />
OOL Object Oriented Language<br />
OON Object Oriented Nonsens<br />
OOP Object Oriented Pleasure/Programming<br />
OOP Out Of Print (Slang)<br />
OOPL Object Oriented Programming Language<br />
OOPS Object Oriented Programming System<br />
OOPS Objext Oriented Proxy Server<br />
OOPS Out Of Phase Stereo<br />
OOPSLA Object Orientied Programming Systems, Languages and Appli<br />
OOSA Object-Oriented Software Architecture<br />
OOT Object Oriented Technology
354ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
OOTB Out Of The Box (Slang)<br />
OOTC Obligatory On-Topic Comment (Slang)<br />
OOXML Office OpenXML (Microsoft)<br />
OPA Old Programmers Association<br />
OPA Open Protocol Architecture<br />
OPA Overview Pac Attribute<br />
OPAC Online Public Access Catalogue<br />
OPAL Optische Anschlussleitung<br />
OPB On-Chip Peripheral Bus<br />
OPC OLE for Process Control<br />
OPC Optical Photo Conductor<br />
OPC Optical Proximity Correction<br />
OPC Output Control<br />
OPCAT Object Process CASE Tool<br />
OPD Oberpostdirektion<br />
OPD Original Point of Distribution<br />
OPD Output Driver<br />
OPEN Optical Pan-European Network<br />
OPI Open Prepress Interface<br />
OPI Operator Interface<br />
OPIC Open Programmable Interrupt Controller<br />
OPIE Open Palmtop Integrated Environment<br />
OPL Open Publication License<br />
OPM Object Process Methodology<br />
OPM Operations Per Minute<br />
OPM Output Protection Management<br />
OPML Outline Processor Markup Language<br />
OPN Open Projects Network<br />
OPP Open Publication Policy<br />
OPS Online Programming and Simulation<br />
OPS Open Profiling Standard<br />
OPSEC Open Platform for Security<br />
OPT Open Protocol Technology<br />
OPTA Onafhankelijke Post en Telecommunicatie Autoriteit (NL)<br />
OPUS Octal Program Updating System<br />
OPUS Online Publikationsverbund der Universität Stuttgart<br />
OPUS Overlay Peer Utility Service<br />
OPX Off Premises Extension<br />
OQL Object Query Language<br />
OQPSK Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
355<br />
OR Operations Research<br />
ORACLE Optional Reception of Announcement by Coded Line Electroni<br />
ORB Object Request Broker<br />
ORBL Open Relay Black List<br />
ORDB Open Relay Data Base<br />
ORG organizational; Internet-Domain: Organisationen in den USA<br />
ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory<br />
OROM Optical Read Only Memory<br />
ORP Open Router Project<br />
ORS Open Relay Server<br />
ORS Output Record Separator<br />
ORSN (European) Open Root Server Network<br />
OS Operating System<br />
OS Output Specification<br />
OSA Open Scripting/Services/Solutions/Storage/Systems Architectu<br />
OSA Open System Authentication<br />
OSA Optical Society of America<br />
OSACA Open System Architecture for Controls within Automation Sys<br />
OSADL Open Source Automation Development Laboratory<br />
OSAF Origin Subarea Address Field<br />
OSBF Open Source Business Foundation<br />
OSC On Scene Commander<br />
OSC Open System Center (IBM)<br />
OSC Operating System Command<br />
OSCAR Open System for Communication in Realtime<br />
OSCAR Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio<br />
OSCI Online Services Computer Interface<br />
OSD Object-based Storage Device<br />
OSD On Screen Display<br />
OSD Open Software Description (Format)<br />
OSD Open Source Definition<br />
OSDL Open Source Development Lab/Labs, Oregon<br />
OSE Open Systems/Software Environment<br />
OSF Open Software Foundation<br />
OSG Open Science Grid<br />
OSGI Open Services Gateway Initiative<br />
OSI Open Source Initiative<br />
OSI Open Systems Interconnect/Interconnection (ISO)<br />
OSIE Open Systems Interconnection Environment<br />
OSINLCP OSI Network Layer Control Protocol
356ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
OSITOP Open Systems Interconnection Technical and Office Protocols<br />
OSL Object Script Language<br />
OSL Open Subscription License<br />
OSM On Screen Menue<br />
OSM Operating System Specific/Service Module<br />
OSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio<br />
OSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio<br />
OSO Overscan Operation<br />
OSPF Open Shortest Path First (Internet)<br />
OSPI Operating System Programming Interface<br />
OSPM Operating System Power Management<br />
OSQL Object Structured Query Language<br />
OSS Object Storage Server<br />
OSS Open Sound System<br />
OSS Open Source Software/Solution<br />
OSS Operational/Operator Support System<br />
OSSO Open Source Solutions Operation (HP)<br />
OST Object Storage Target<br />
OSTA Optical Storage Technology Association<br />
OSTG Open Source Technology Group<br />
OSTM Open System Transaction Management<br />
OSTP Office of Science and Technology Policy<br />
OSU Officially Sanctionized User<br />
OSU Ohio/Oklahoma/Oregon/Oswego State University<br />
OSU On-orbit Serviceable Unit<br />
OSU Optical Scanning Unit<br />
OSVS Operating System Virtual Storage<br />
OT Object Technology<br />
OT Off Topic (Slang)<br />
OT Open Transport<br />
OT Ordering Table<br />
OTA Over The Air<br />
OTA US Congress Office of Technology Assessment<br />
OTD Optical Time Division<br />
OTDM Optical Time Division Multiplexer/Multiplexing<br />
OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer<br />
OTF Open Token Foundation<br />
OTF Open Type Font<br />
OTG (USB) On The Go<br />
OTI Original Transmitter Identification
OTIST One Touch Intelligent Secutity Technology<br />
OTL Out To Lunch (Slang)<br />
OTM On Time Marker<br />
OTOH On The Other Hand (Slang)<br />
OTP One-Time Pad/Password/Programmable<br />
OTP Open Trading Protocol<br />
OTR One Touch Record/Recording<br />
OTRS Open Ticket Request System<br />
OTTH On The Third Hand (Slang)<br />
OUI Organizationally Unique Identifier<br />
OUM Ovonic Unified Memory<br />
OURS Open Users Recommended Solutions<br />
OV Overflow<br />
OVC Over-Current Protection<br />
OVL Over-Load Protection<br />
OVL Overlay<br />
OVP Over-Voltage Protection<br />
OVST Ortsvermittlungsstelle<br />
OVT Over-Temperature Protextion<br />
OWA Outlook Web Access<br />
OWAMP One Way Active Measurement Protocol<br />
OWFS Optical WORM File System<br />
OWG Optical Waveguide<br />
OWL Object/Open Windows Library<br />
OWL One World Language<br />
OWL Online Web Library<br />
OWL Open Wire Line<br />
OWL Operational Web Link<br />
OWL Oracle Web Listener<br />
OWL Web Ontology Language (sic!)<br />
P Packet, Personal, Power, Project, Protocol, Public<br />
P Polynomial time<br />
P2P Peer To Peer<br />
P2P Private To Private<br />
P3P Platform for Privacy/Private Preferences<br />
PA Percentage of Allowable Aliasing Energy<br />
PA Power Amplifier<br />
PA Preamble<br />
357
358ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
PA Program/Project Administrator<br />
PA Provider Aggregated<br />
PA Public Address (System)<br />
PAB Policy Advisory Body (Internet)<br />
PABX Private Access/Automatic Branch Exchange<br />
PAC PCI AGP Controler<br />
PAC Perceptual Audio Coding<br />
PAC Player Access Control<br />
PAC PPTP Access Concentrator<br />
PAC Privilege Attribute Certificate<br />
PACE Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe (PRACE)<br />
PACE Priority Access Control Enabled<br />
PACI Partnerships for Advanced Comptutational Infrastructure<br />
PACS Personal Access Communication System<br />
PACS Picture Archiving and Communications System<br />
PACT PBX and Computer Teaming<br />
PACTOR Packet Radio AMTOR<br />
PACX Private Automatic Computer Exchange<br />
PAD Packet Assembler and Dissassembler<br />
PAD Personal Aroma Diffusor<br />
PAD Personenauskunftsdatei<br />
PADI Packet Assembly Dissassembly<br />
PADI PPPoE Active Discovery Inititation<br />
PADI Protocol for Application Database Interface<br />
PADL Pattern Development Language<br />
PADO PADI Active Discovery<br />
PADO PPPoE Active Discovery Offer<br />
PADR PADO Active Discovery<br />
PADR Port A Data Register<br />
PADR PPPoE Active Discovery Request<br />
PADS Parallel And Distributed Systems<br />
PADS PPPoE Active Discovery Session(-confirmation)<br />
PADS Processing Arbitratry Data Streams<br />
PADS Processing of Analog and Digital Signals<br />
PADS Public Area Display System<br />
PADT PPPoE Active Discovery Terminate<br />
PAE Page/Physical Address Extension<br />
PAGSI Programme d’Action Gouvernemental pour la Societe de l’Informat<br />
PAID Purchasing, Accepting, Invoicing, and Disbursing System<br />
PAISY Payroll And Information System
359<br />
PAISY Personalabrechnungs- und Informationssystem<br />
PAK Packet (Arcnet)<br />
PAK Product Authorization Key<br />
PAL Paradox/Programming Application Language<br />
PAL Phase Alternating Line/Loop (TV)<br />
PAL Privileged Architecture Library (DEC)<br />
PAL Programmable Array Logic<br />
PAL Protocol Adaptation Layer<br />
PAL Prototype Access Language<br />
PALC Plasma Addressed Liquid Crystal (Display)<br />
PAM Personal Application Manager<br />
PAM Physical Access Method<br />
PAM Pluggable Authentication Module/Modules<br />
PAM Puls Amplitude Modulation<br />
PAMR Public Access Mobile Radio<br />
PAN Personal Area Network/Networking (Profile)<br />
PANU Personal Area Network Unit<br />
PAP Password Authentication Protocol<br />
PAP Point Authorization Protocol<br />
PAP Printer Access Protocol<br />
PAP Programmablaufplan<br />
PAP Public Access Profile<br />
PAPR Power Architecture Platform Reference<br />
PAR Positive Acknowledgement with Retransmission<br />
PAR Project Authorization Request (IEEE)<br />
PARC Palo Alto Research Center (Xerox)<br />
PARISC Precision Architecture Reduced Instruction Set Computer<br />
PARK Public Access Rights Key<br />
PARLE Parallel Architectures and Languages Europe<br />
PAS Publicly Available Specifications<br />
PASS Picture Archiving and Sharing Standard<br />
PAT Page Attribute Table<br />
PAT Performance Acceleration Technique (Intel)<br />
PAT Port Address Translation<br />
PAT Program Association Table<br />
PAT Public Access Terminal<br />
PATA Parallel ATA<br />
PATC Page Address Translation Cache<br />
PAX Parallel Architecture Extended<br />
PAX Pixel Addressing Extension
360ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
PAX Portable Archive Exchange<br />
PAX Public Access Xanadu<br />
PB Packet Bus<br />
PB Page Break/Buffer/Builder<br />
PB Pipeline/Pipelined Burst (cache)<br />
PB PowerBook (Macintosh)<br />
PB Printed Board<br />
PB Program Block<br />
PB Programs Branch<br />
PB Public Broadcasting<br />
PB Push Button<br />
PBA Printed Board Assembly<br />
PBC Peripheral Board Controller<br />
PBC Peripheral Bus Computer<br />
PBC Pipeline Burst Cache<br />
PBC Plain-text Block Chaining<br />
PBC Processor Bus Controller<br />
PBC Push-Button Configuration<br />
PBDBM Peripheral Backup Detailed Billing Control Element<br />
PBDU Protocol Bridge Data Unit<br />
PBE Prompt By Example<br />
PBGA Plastic Ball Grid Array<br />
PBM Pipelined Burst Mode<br />
PBM Port Bypass Module<br />
PBM Portable Bitmap<br />
PBM Position Based Multicast<br />
PBN Packet Based Network<br />
PBNAC Port Based Network Access Control<br />
PBNSC Peripheral Backup NSC Control Element<br />
PBO Paperless Business Office<br />
PBO Pixel Buffer Object<br />
PBO Port Based Object<br />
PBO Power Back Off<br />
PBO Process Before Output<br />
PBO Profiler Binary Output<br />
PBO Pseudo Boolean Optimization<br />
PBOS Processed Book Open Source<br />
PBOS Processed Book Operating System<br />
PBP Peer Binding Protocol<br />
PBU Page Buffer Unit
361<br />
PBX Private Branch Exchange<br />
PC Path Consistency/Control<br />
PC Personal Computer<br />
PC Pervasive Computing<br />
PC Primary Channel<br />
PC Program Counter<br />
PC Programmable Controller<br />
PCA Parallel Channel Adapter<br />
PCA Personal Client Architecture<br />
PCA Policy Certification Authority<br />
PCA Principal Component Analysis<br />
PCB Printed Circuit Board<br />
PCB Program Control Block<br />
PCBC Propagating Cipher Block Chaining<br />
PCC Papas Computer-Club<br />
PCC Peoples’ Computer Company<br />
PCC Portable C Compiler<br />
PCCH Physical Control Channel<br />
PCD Photo Compact Disc<br />
PCD Plasma Coupled Device<br />
PCD POSIX Conformance Document<br />
PCD Protein Coated Disc<br />
PCDATA Parsed Character Data<br />
PCE Phase Change Erasable<br />
PCF Packaged Collaboration File<br />
PCF Parallel Computing Forum<br />
PCF Point Coordination Function<br />
PCF Portable Compiled Font<br />
PCH Paging Channel<br />
PCI Payment Card Industry<br />
PCI Peripheral Component/Controller Interface<br />
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect (Bus)<br />
PCI Programmable Communication Interface<br />
PCI Protocol Control Information<br />
PCIDSS Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard<br />
PCIE Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (Bus)<br />
PCIOS Processor Common Input Output System<br />
PCIPIO PCI Programmable Input/Output<br />
PCL Primary Copy Locking<br />
PCL Printer/Procedure/Process Control Language
362ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
PCLAN Personal Computer Local Area Network<br />
PCM Physical Connection Management<br />
PCM Plug Compatible Machine<br />
PCM Puls-Code-Modulation<br />
PCMCIA PC Memory Card International Association<br />
PCN Personal Communication Network<br />
PCNFS Personal Computer Network File System<br />
PCP Post’s Correspondence Problem<br />
PCP Probabistically Checkable Proof<br />
PCR Peak Cell Rate<br />
PCR Phase Change Recording<br />
PCRAM Phase Change Random Access Memory<br />
PCRE Perl Compatible Regular Expression<br />
PCS PC Service (OSF)<br />
PCS Personal Communication Services/System<br />
PCS Personal Conferencing Specification<br />
PCS Physical Coding Signalling/Sublayer<br />
PCS Pinball Construction Set<br />
PCS Port Concentrator Shelf<br />
PCS Print Contrast Signal<br />
PCS Probabilistic Clock Synchronization<br />
PCS Program Control System<br />
PCS Project Control System<br />
PCSA Personal Computing Systems Architecture (DEC)<br />
PCSC Personal Computer Site Coordinator<br />
PCSC Personal Computer Smart/Sound Card<br />
PCSC Personal Computer/Computing Support Center<br />
PCSC Personal Communications Switching Center<br />
PCSC Pitch Corrected Speed Control<br />
PCSP Partial Constraint Satisfaction Problem<br />
PCT Private Communication Technology<br />
PCTE Portable Common Tool Environment<br />
PCTS POSIX Conformance Test Suite<br />
PCTT Physical Church Turing Thesis<br />
PCWG Personal Conferencing Work Group<br />
PD Page Directory<br />
PD Phase Change Dual<br />
PD Plug + Display, P+D (Interface)<br />
PD Protocol Driver<br />
PD Public Domain
PDA Personal Digital Assistant (Apple)<br />
PDA Push Down Automaton<br />
PDAP Prospero Data Access Protocol<br />
PDB Process Data Base<br />
PDB Professional Disc for Broadcasting<br />
PDB Protection Database<br />
PDC Power Disc Cartridge<br />
PDC Primary Domain Controller<br />
PDC Professional Developer Conference<br />
PDC Program Development Computer/Council<br />
PDCH Physical Data Channel<br />
PDD Physical Device Driver<br />
PDD Portable Digital Document<br />
PDD Professional Disc for Data<br />
PDE Partial Differential Equation<br />
PDES Product Data Exchange Standard<br />
PDF POP Directional Formatting<br />
PDF Portable Document Format (Adobe)<br />
PDF Printer/Product Description File<br />
PDF Processor Defined Function<br />
PDF Program Development Facility<br />
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy<br />
PDI Packet Driver Interface<br />
PDI Personal/Product Data Interchange<br />
PDIAL Public Dialup Internet Access List<br />
PDIF Product Definition Interchange Format<br />
PDL Page Description Language<br />
PDL Primary Defect List<br />
PDL Program Design/Description Language<br />
PDL Push Down List<br />
PDLC Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal<br />
PDM Product and Document Management<br />
PDM Product Data Management<br />
PDM Projekt- und Datenmanagement<br />
PDM Pulsdauer-Modulation<br />
PDN Public Data Network<br />
PDO Packet Data Optimized<br />
PDO Portable Distributed Object<br />
PDO Prozessdatenobjekt<br />
PDP Packet Data Protocol<br />
363
364ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
PDP Parallel Distributed Processing<br />
PDP Peer Dicovery Protocol<br />
PDP Plasma Display Panel<br />
PDP Policy Decision Point<br />
PDP Programmed Data Processor (DEC)<br />
PDQ Pretty Darned Quick (Slang)<br />
PDR Packet Drop Rate<br />
PDR Program Data Requirement<br />
PDS Packet Driver Specification<br />
PDS Partitioned Data Set<br />
PDS Processor Direct Slot (Apple)<br />
PDS Professional Development System<br />
PDS Program Design Specification<br />
PDS Public Domain Software<br />
PDSL Power Line Digital Subscriber Line<br />
PDSS Program/Post Development Support System<br />
PDT Portables Daten-Terminal<br />
PDT Programmable Drive Table<br />
PDT Produktionsdatentechnik<br />
PDT Propagation Delay Time<br />
PDTE Packet-mode DTE<br />
PDU Packet/Protocol Data Unit (OSI)<br />
PDV Path Delay Value<br />
PE Parity Error<br />
PE Periphere Einrichtung<br />
PE Phase Encoded/Encoding<br />
PE Physical Extent<br />
PE Processing Element<br />
PE Product/Professional/Project Engineer<br />
PE Protected Environment<br />
PE Protective Earth<br />
PE Provider Edge (device)<br />
PEA Pocket Ethernet Adapter<br />
PEAP Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol<br />
PEARL Process and Experiment Automation Realtime Language<br />
PEB Peripheral Extension Bus<br />
PEB Process Environment Block<br />
PEBKAC Problem Exists Between Keyboard And Chair (Slang)<br />
PEC Packet Error Checking<br />
PECL PHP Extension Code Libary
365<br />
PEG PCI Express for Graphics<br />
PEL Picture Element<br />
PEM Privacy Enhanced Mail<br />
PEM Privacy Enhancement for Electronic Mail<br />
PEN Private Enterprise Number<br />
PEP Packet Exchange Protocol<br />
PEP Packetized Ensemble Protocol<br />
PEP Pan European Paging<br />
PEP Peak Envelope Power<br />
PEP Point d’Echange de Proximite<br />
PEP Policy Enforcement Point<br />
PEP Protocol Extension Protocol<br />
PER Packet Error Rate<br />
PERL Practical Extraction and Report Language<br />
PERM Programmgesteuerte Elektronische Rechenanlage TH Münche<br />
PERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique<br />
PES Packetized Elementary Stream<br />
PES Position/Positioning Error Signal<br />
PES Processor Enhancement Socket<br />
PES Proposed Encryption Standard<br />
PET Personal Electronic Transactor (Commodore)<br />
PET Print Enhancement Technology<br />
PEX PHIGS Extension to X<br />
PF Packet Filter<br />
PF Process Flow (Analysis, Diagram)<br />
PF Punch Off<br />
PFA Power FORTRAN Accelerator<br />
PFA Predictive Failure Analysis<br />
PFB Postscript Font Binary<br />
PFC Power Factor Compensation/Correction<br />
PFD Programming Facility for Display Users<br />
PFF Packet Filtering Firewall<br />
PFIR People For Internet Responsibility<br />
PFM Postscript Font Metric<br />
PFM Pure Fantastic Magic (Slang)<br />
PFN Physical File Name<br />
PFOS Passive Fiber Optic Segment<br />
PFR Portable Font Resource<br />
PFR Power Fail Restart<br />
PFS Perfect Forward Secrecy
366ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
PFS Portable File System<br />
PFS Professional File system (Amiga)<br />
PFTP Passive FTP<br />
PFTP Port File Transfer Program<br />
PFW Personal Firewall<br />
PFY Pimply-Faced Youth (BOFH’s assistant)<br />
PG Program/Programme<br />
PG Project Gutenberg<br />
PGA Pin Grid Array<br />
PGA Professional Graphics Adapter<br />
PGA Program Global Area<br />
PGC Program Chain<br />
PGE PTE Global Flag<br />
PGI Parameter Group Identifier<br />
PGL Peer Group Leader<br />
PGL Professional Games League<br />
PGM Portable Gray Map<br />
PGM Pragmatic General Multicast (protocol)<br />
PGML Precision Graphics Markup Language<br />
PGO Profile Guided Optimization<br />
PGN Portable Game Notation<br />
PGP Pretty Good Privacy/Piracy/Protection<br />
PH Packet Handler<br />
PH Polynomial Hierarchy<br />
PHB Per Hop Behaviour<br />
PHCB Page Header Control Bit<br />
PHIGS Programmers Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System<br />
PHOTON Paneuropean Photonic Transport Overlay Network<br />
PHP Personal Home Page (Tools)<br />
PHP PHP Hypertext Preprocessor<br />
PHS Personal Handy-Phone System<br />
PHY Physical Access<br />
PHY Physical Layer Protocol<br />
PI Page Impression<br />
PI Parameter Identifier<br />
PI Partial Interchangeability<br />
PI Profibus International<br />
PI Program Identification/Interruption<br />
PI Protection Index<br />
PIA Peripheral Interface Adapter
367<br />
PIA Privacy Impact Assessment<br />
PIC Picture File<br />
PIC Platform for Internet Content<br />
PIC Position Independent Code<br />
PIC Primary Interexchange Carrier<br />
PIC Priority/Programmable Interrupt Controller<br />
PIC Programmable Integrated Circuit<br />
PIC Programmable Interconnection<br />
PIC Programmable Interrupt Controller<br />
PICA Personal Internet Client Architecture<br />
PICMG PCI Industrial Computers Manufacturers Group<br />
PICS Platform for Internet Content Selection<br />
PICS Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement<br />
PICS Protocol Interoperability Conformance Statment<br />
PID Persistant/Personal/Protocol Identifier<br />
PID Privater Informationsdienst<br />
PID Process/Protocol Identifier (Identification Number)<br />
PIE Persistent Identification Element<br />
PIE Position Independent Executable<br />
PIF Parity Inner Fails/Failures<br />
PIF Postscript Interchange Format<br />
PIF Program Information File (Microsoft)<br />
PIFS Point Coordination/PCF Inter Frame Space<br />
PIG Pathologischer Internet-Gebrauch<br />
PII Personally Identifiable Information<br />
PIK Programmer’s Imaging Kernel<br />
PIL Python Imaging Library<br />
PIM Personal Information Manager/Management<br />
PIM Port Interface Module<br />
PIM Processor In Memory<br />
PIM Protocol Independent Multicasting<br />
PIMF Pair In Metal Foil (cable)<br />
PIMS Project Information Management System<br />
PIN Persönliche Identifikations-Nummer<br />
PIN Processor Independent NetWare<br />
PIN Program Item Number<br />
PINET Physics Information Network<br />
PING Packet Internet Groper<br />
PINT Phone IP Internetworking (Services)<br />
PINT PSTN and Internet Internetworking
368ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
PINX Private Integrated Services Network Exchange<br />
PIO Parallel/Programmable/Programmed Input/Output (Chip)<br />
PIOFS Parallel I/O File System<br />
PIP P-Internet-Protocol<br />
PIP Path Independent Protocol<br />
PIP Peer Information Protocol<br />
PIP Periodical Informational Posting<br />
PIP Peripheral Interchange Program<br />
PIP Picture in Picture<br />
PIP Process Improvement Proposal<br />
PIPI Packet Interchange Protocol Instruction<br />
PIPO Parallel In, Parallel Out<br />
PIR Private Information Retrieval<br />
PIR Public Internet Registry<br />
PIS Personal-Informations-System<br />
PIS Premium Information Service<br />
PISS Public Information System Specialist<br />
PIT Programmable Interval Timer<br />
PITA Pine In The Ass (Slang)<br />
PITAC President’s Information Technology Advisory Committee<br />
PITR Point-In-Time Recovery<br />
PIU Path Information Unit<br />
PIU Pathological Internet Use<br />
PIW Photo Imaging Workstation<br />
PIXEL Picture Element<br />
PIXIT Protocol Implementation Extra Informations for Testing<br />
PJL Printer Job Language<br />
PK Primary Key<br />
PKC Public Key Cryptography<br />
PKCS Public Key Cryptography Standards (Group)<br />
PKI Philips Kommunikationsindustrie AG<br />
PKI Personal/Public Key Infrastructure<br />
PKV Privatkundenvertrieb (Telekom)<br />
PKZ Personenkennziffer<br />
PL Payload Length<br />
PL Physical Layer<br />
PL Presentation Layer<br />
PL Private Line<br />
PL Programming Language<br />
PLA Partial Look Ahead
369<br />
PLA Programmable Logic Array<br />
PLATO Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations<br />
PLB Personal Locator Beacon<br />
PLB Processor Local Bus<br />
PLC Packet Loss Concealment<br />
PLC Power Line Communication/Converter<br />
PLC Product Lifecycle (Management)<br />
PLC Programmable Logic Controller<br />
PLCC Plastic Leadless Chip Carrier<br />
PLCE Peripheral and Loading Control Element<br />
PLCP Physical Layer Convergence Protocol<br />
PLD Programmable Logic Device<br />
PLE Programmable Logic Element<br />
PLEDM Phase-state Low Electron Drive Memory<br />
PLIC Programmable Logic Integrated Circuit<br />
PLID Plugin Identifier<br />
PLIP Parallel Line Internet Protocol<br />
PLL Permanent Logical Link<br />
PLL Phase Locked Loop<br />
PLM Product Lifecycle Management<br />
PLM Programming Language for Microcomputers<br />
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network<br />
PLP Packet Layer Protocol<br />
PLP Perl Page<br />
PLP Personal License Password<br />
PLP Portable Line Printer (spooler system)<br />
PLP Presentation Level Protocol<br />
PLR Packet Lost Ratio<br />
PLS Physical Layer Signaling<br />
PLS Programmable Logic Sequencer<br />
PLSI Programmable Large Scale Integration<br />
PLT Power Line Telecommunication<br />
PLT Procedure Linkage Table<br />
PLUMPS Public Long-distance Unified Mail Provider Service/System<br />
PLV Presentation/Production Level Video<br />
PLZ Postleitzahl<br />
PM Performance Management<br />
PM Phasenmodulation<br />
PM Physical Modeling<br />
PM Power Management
370ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
PM Presentation Manager (IBM)<br />
PM Preventive Maintenance<br />
PM Private Mail<br />
PM Problem/Process/Project Management<br />
PM Protected Mode<br />
PMA Parked Member Addressing (Bluetooth)<br />
PMA Performance Management and Accounting<br />
PMA Physical Medium Attachment<br />
PMA Program Area<br />
PMAC Parallelizable Message Authentication Code<br />
PMAC Programmable Multi Axis Controller<br />
PMAP Port Mapper<br />
PMC Physical Media Components Sublayer<br />
PMC Programmable Machine Controller<br />
PMD Packet Mode Data<br />
PMD Physical Medium Dependence/Dependent (Layer)<br />
PMD Polarization Mode Dispersion<br />
PME Pattern Matching Engine<br />
PME Power Management Event<br />
PMETC Pardon Me, etc. (Slang)<br />
PMFJIB Pardon Me For Jumping In But (Slang)<br />
PMI Product Manufacturing Information<br />
PMK Pairwise Master Key<br />
PML Programmable Macro Logic<br />
PMMU Paged Memory Management Unit<br />
PMOS p-Channel MOS (Transistor)<br />
PMP Point to Multi Point<br />
PMP Process Management Portal<br />
PMP Protected Media Path<br />
PMPO Peak Music Power Output<br />
PMR Perpendicular Magnetic Recording<br />
PMR Private Mobile Radio<br />
PMS Pantone Matching System (Colours)<br />
PMS Password Management System<br />
PMS Printer Management Software<br />
PMT Program Map Table<br />
PMTMR Power Management Timer<br />
PMTU Path Maximum Transfer Unit<br />
PMW Project Manager Workbench<br />
PMX Presentation Manager for X
371<br />
PMXAS Primär-Multiplex-Anschluss (ISDN)<br />
PN Part/Path Number<br />
PN Phase Noise<br />
PN Punch On<br />
PNA Parallel Network Architecture<br />
PNA Personal Navigation Assistant<br />
PNC Paging Network Controller<br />
PNCP Peripheral Network Control Point<br />
PND Personennamendatei<br />
PND Portable Navigation Device<br />
PNG Portable Network Graphic<br />
PNNI Private Network/Node to Network Interface<br />
PNO Profibus-Nutzer Organisation<br />
PNO Public Network Operator<br />
PNP Positive Negative Positive (Transistor)<br />
PNP Plug and Play/Pray<br />
PNR Passenger Name Record<br />
PNS Post’s Normal System<br />
PNS PPTP Network Server<br />
PNW Personal NetWare (Novell)<br />
PO Paper Out, Parity Odd<br />
POA Post Office Agent<br />
POB Post Office Box<br />
POC Phase-only Correlation<br />
POC Planned Organizational Change<br />
POC Point Of Call/Communication/Consistency/Contact<br />
POC Policy Oversight Committee (Internet)<br />
POC Portable Object Compiler<br />
POC Post Operative Constipation<br />
POC Power Converter<br />
POC Processor Outage Control<br />
POC Proof Of Concept<br />
POC Purchase Order Change<br />
POC Push-to-Talk Over Cellular (Phone)<br />
POCE Pantone Open Color Environment<br />
POCSAG Post Office Standardisation Advisory Group<br />
POD Piece Of Data<br />
POD Ping Of Death<br />
POD Plain Old Data/Documentation<br />
POD Point Of Demarcation/Deployment/Distribution
372ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
POD Pop-up Directory<br />
POD Print/Printing/Publishing On Demand<br />
POD Processing Of Data<br />
POD Project Overview Document<br />
POD Protocol Object Device<br />
PODA Priority-Oriented Demand Assignment<br />
POE Power Open Environment (IBM)<br />
POE Power Over Ethernet<br />
POEM Portable Object-oriented Entity Manager<br />
POET Persistent Objects and Extended Database Technology<br />
POET Partially Overlapped Echo Cancelled Transmission<br />
POF Parity Outer Fails/Failures<br />
POF Plastic/Polymer Optical Fiber<br />
POH Path Section Overhead<br />
POH Power-on Hours<br />
POI Path Overhead Indicator<br />
POI Point Of Information/Interaction/Interconnection/Interest<br />
POL Point of Learning<br />
POL Problem Oriented Language<br />
POM Persistant Object Manager<br />
POM Project Object Model<br />
PON Passive Optical Network<br />
POP Point of Presence/Purchase<br />
POP Post Office Protocol (Internet)<br />
POP Probability Of Plagiarism<br />
POPO Post Office Protocol Object/Operator<br />
POPS Performance Optimized Page Size<br />
POR Pacific Ocean Region<br />
POR Power-on Reset<br />
POS Persistant Object Service/Simple<br />
POS Personal Operating Space<br />
POS Pivoting Optical Servo<br />
POS Point of Sale<br />
POSE Portable Operating System Extension<br />
POSI Promotion Conference for OSI, Japan<br />
POSIX Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Systems/UNIX<br />
POST Power-on Self Test<br />
POT Portable Object Template/Translation<br />
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service/System<br />
POV Persistence Of Vision
373<br />
POV Point Of View (Slang)<br />
POWER Performance Optimization/Optimized With Enhanced RISC (I<br />
PP Peering Point<br />
PP Physical Partition<br />
PP Portable Part<br />
PP Predictive Pipelining<br />
PP Protection Profile<br />
PPA Print Performance Architecture (HP)<br />
PPB Paced Packet Batch<br />
PPC Pay Per Click<br />
PPC Personal Productivity Center<br />
PPC Physical Presence Command<br />
PPC Power PC<br />
PPC Production Planning and Control<br />
PPCS Phoenix Page Control System<br />
PPD Postscript Printer Description (Adobe)<br />
PPDS Personal Printer Data Stream<br />
PPF Plain Paper Fax<br />
PPF Print Production Format<br />
PPGA Platic Pin Grid Array<br />
PPH Pages per Hour<br />
PPI pixels per inch<br />
PPI Programmable Peripheral Interface<br />
PPID Parent Process Identification Number<br />
PPL Point-to-Point/Process-to-Process Link<br />
PPM Parts per Mille<br />
PPM Pages per Minute<br />
PPM Perl Package Manager<br />
PPM Portable Pixmap<br />
PPM Post Programmable Memory<br />
PPM Prediction by Partial Matching<br />
PPM Process Performance Manager<br />
PPM Pulse Position Modulation<br />
PPN Private Packet Network<br />
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol (Internet)<br />
PPPOE Point-to-Point Protocol Over Ethernet<br />
PPRC Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy<br />
PPS Point of Presence Server<br />
PPS Precise Positioning Service/System<br />
PPS Production Planning System
374ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
PPS Programming Procedures and Standards<br />
PPS Pulse Per Second<br />
PPTP Point to Point Tunneling Protocol<br />
PPU Physics Processing Unit<br />
PPUC Probably Permanently Under Construction (Web, Slang)<br />
PQET Print Quality Enhancement Technology<br />
PQN Prefix Query Notation<br />
PR Pacing Response<br />
PR Packet Radio<br />
PR Page Rank<br />
PR Path Replacement<br />
PR Perpendicular Recording<br />
PR Primitive Recursive (function)<br />
PR Public Relations<br />
PRA Primary Rate Access<br />
PRA Purported Responsible Address<br />
PRACE Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe (PACE)<br />
PRAM Parallel/Perimeter/Phase Change Random Access Memory<br />
PRCS Project Revision Control System<br />
PRD Program Requirements Document<br />
PRDMD Private Directory Management Domain<br />
PRE Partial Redundancy Elimination<br />
PREP PowerPC Reference Platform<br />
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency<br />
PRI Primary Rate Interface (ISDN)<br />
PRIG Packet Radio Interest Group<br />
PRISM Parallel Reduced Instruction Set Multiprocessor<br />
PRISM Publishing Requirements for Industry Standard Metadata<br />
PRMD Private Management Domain (X.400)<br />
PRML Partial Response Maximum Likelihood<br />
PRMS Problem Report Management System<br />
PRN Packet Radio Network<br />
PRN Permanent/Pseudo Random Number<br />
PRN Printer<br />
PRN Pseudo Random Noise (GPS)<br />
PRNET Packet Radio Network<br />
PRNG Pseudo Random Number Generator<br />
PRO Precision RISC Organization<br />
PROFS Professional Office System (IBM)<br />
PROLOG Programming in Logic
375<br />
PROM Programmable Read Only Memory<br />
PRP Peer Resolver Protocol<br />
PRQ Preisrequest<br />
PRS Print Management Service (OSF)<br />
PRTI Professional Realtime Interface<br />
PS Packet Switch<br />
PS Personal System (IBM)<br />
PS (Adobe) PostScript<br />
PS Power Supply<br />
PS Privilege Service<br />
PS Program Service Name<br />
PS Program Stream<br />
PS Proportional Spacing<br />
PSA Physical Sector Address<br />
PSABI Processor Specific Application Binary Interface<br />
PSAP Public Safety Answering Point<br />
PSB Path State Block<br />
PSC Physical Signaling Components Sublayer<br />
PSC Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center<br />
PSC Print Scan Copy<br />
PSC Product Service Center<br />
PSCN Program Support Communications Network<br />
PSCT Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Texture (Display)<br />
PSD Page Setup Dialogue<br />
PSD Platform Specific Driver<br />
PSD Power Saving Drive<br />
PSD Power Spectral/Spectrum Density<br />
PSDS Power Spectral/Spectrum Density Shaping<br />
PSDN Packet/Public Switched/Switching Data/Digital Network<br />
PSE Packet Switching Exchange<br />
PSE Page Size Extension<br />
PSE Path Switching Element<br />
PSE Personal Security Environment<br />
PSE Personen-Such-Einrichtung<br />
PSE Port Switched Ethernet<br />
PSF PC Screen Font<br />
PSF Permanent Swap File<br />
PSFQ Pump Slowly, Fetch Quickly<br />
PSI Packetnet System Interface<br />
PSI Postscript Interpreter
376ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
PSK Phase Shift Keying<br />
PSK Pre-Shared Key<br />
PSL Problem Statement Language<br />
PSN Packet Switch Node<br />
PSN Processor Serial Number<br />
PSNR Peak Signal to Noise Ratio<br />
PSO Protocol Supporting Organization<br />
PSP (Corel) Paint Shop Pro<br />
PSP Pascal/Python Server Pages<br />
PSP Personal Software Process<br />
PSP Program Segment Prefix<br />
PSP Programmable Signal Processor<br />
PSP Projektstrukturplan<br />
PSPDN Packet Switched Public Data Network<br />
PSR Parallel/Processor/Project Software<br />
PSR Phase Shift Resistivity<br />
PSR Physical Storage Resource<br />
PSR Power/Processor/Program State/Status Register<br />
PSR Prescaler Select Register<br />
PSR Priority Service Request<br />
PSR Program Support Requirements<br />
PSR Programmable Scanner<br />
PSR Project Status Report<br />
PSRAM Pseudo Static Random Access Memory<br />
PSS Private Signalling System<br />
PSSC Preliminary System Security Concept<br />
PST Pre-Structured Technology<br />
PSTN Public Switched/Switching Telephone Network<br />
PSU Page Storage Unit<br />
PSU Power Supply Unit<br />
PSW Program Status Word<br />
PSYC Protocol for Synchronous Conferencing<br />
PT Packet/Payload Type<br />
PT Page Table<br />
PT Payload Type<br />
PTAL Payment Transaction Application Layer<br />
PTB Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig<br />
PTBR Page Table Base Register<br />
PTBT Prime Times, Bad Times<br />
PTBT Probabilistic Timed Behaviour Tree
377<br />
PTD Parallel Transfer Disk Drive<br />
PTE Page Table Entry<br />
PTF Program Temporary Fix<br />
PTF Pthread Framework<br />
PTI Payload Type Identifier/Indicator<br />
PTMP Point To Multi Point (Connection)<br />
PTMSC Point To Multipoint Service Centre<br />
PTN Plant Test Number<br />
PTO Patent and Trademark Office, USA<br />
PTO Please Turn Over (Slang)<br />
PTO Public Telecommunication Network Operator<br />
PTP Point To Point (Connection)<br />
PTR Pointer Record (DNS)<br />
PTS Post- och Telestyrelsen<br />
PTS Presentation Time Stamp<br />
PTS Problem Tracking System<br />
PTSE PNNI Topology State Element<br />
PTT Post, Telephon, Telegraph<br />
PTT Push To Talk (key)<br />
PTY Program Type<br />
PTZ Posttechnisches Zentralamt, Darmstadt<br />
PU Physical/Processing Unit<br />
PUC Public Utility Commission<br />
PUI Picoscopic User Interface<br />
PUK Personal Unblocking Key<br />
PUL Packet Underway Limit<br />
PUMA Protected User-Mode Audio<br />
PUO Prohibited User Operation<br />
PUP PARC Universal Packet (Protocol)<br />
PUP Product Upgrade<br />
PUPA Preliminary Universal Programming Architexture (for GRUB)<br />
PUPM Price per User Per Month<br />
PUPS PDP UNIX Preservation Society<br />
PURL Persistent Uniform Resource Locator<br />
PUS Potenziell unerwünschte (unwanted) Software<br />
PUS Processor Upgrade Socket<br />
PV paketvermittelt<br />
PV Physical Volume<br />
PVA Patterned Vertical Alignment (panel)<br />
PVC Permanent Virtual Channel/Circuit/Connection
378ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
PVFS Parallel Virtual File System<br />
PVM Parallel/Passthru Virtual Machine (IBM)<br />
PVN Private/Programmable Virtual Network<br />
PVP Protected Video Path<br />
PVR Permanent Virtual Route<br />
PVR Personal Video Recorder<br />
PVR Physical Volume Repository<br />
PVRA Physical Volume Reserved Area<br />
PVS Potentially Visible Set<br />
PVS Professional Vision Services<br />
PVT Position, Velocity, Time (GPS)<br />
PVV Path Variability Value<br />
PW Pseudo Wire<br />
PWB Printed Wire Board<br />
PWB Programmer’s Workbench<br />
PWI Public Windows Initiative/Interface<br />
PWL Password List<br />
PWM Pulse Width Modulation, Pulsweitenmodulation<br />
PWP Phase Wobble Prepit<br />
PWR Power (Saft)<br />
PWS Personal Workstation<br />
PWSCS Programmable Workstation Communication Services<br />
PXE Preboot Execution Environment<br />
PXI PCI Extension for Instrumentation<br />
PXISA PXI Systems Alliance<br />
PZF Pseudozufallsfolge<br />
PZM Punkt-zu-Mehrpunkt (-Verbindung, ISDN)<br />
PZP Punkt-zu-Punkt (-Verbindung, ISDN)<br />
Q Quality, Query, Queue<br />
QA Quality Assurance/Audit<br />
QA Query Analyser<br />
QA Questions and Answers, Q&A<br />
QAM Quadraturamplitudenmodulation<br />
QARE Quick Agent Runtime Environment<br />
QAWN QoS in Ad hoc Wireless Networks<br />
QBE Query By Example<br />
QBF Query By Forms<br />
QBIC Query by Image Content
379<br />
QBM Quad Band Memory<br />
QCA Quantum-dot Cellular Automaton<br />
QCB Queue Control Block<br />
QCIF Quarter Common Intermediate Format<br />
QD Quad Density, Quick Disconnection<br />
QDL Quadri Data Layer<br />
QDR Quad Data Rate<br />
QES Qualifizierte elektronische Signatur<br />
QFA Quick File Access<br />
QFD Quality Function Deployment<br />
QFP Quadratic Flatpack<br />
QFP Questions Frequent/Frequemment Posees<br />
QFT Queued File Transport<br />
QIAM Queued Indexed Access Method<br />
QIC Quality Insurance Chain<br />
QIC Quarter Inch Cartridge/Committee<br />
QID Quanteninformationsdynamik<br />
QISAM Queued Index Sequential Access Method<br />
QL Query Language<br />
QLLC Qualified Logical Link Control<br />
QLP Query Language Processor<br />
QM Quality Management<br />
QMF Query Management Facility<br />
QMR Quarterly Maintenance Release<br />
QMS Quality Management System<br />
QMTP Quick Mail Transfer Protocol<br />
QNN Quantum Neural Network<br />
QOS Quality of Service<br />
QPI QuickPath Interconnect/Interface<br />
QPL Q Public License (Trolltech)<br />
QPL Quantum/Questionaire Programming Language<br />
QPSK Quadrature/Quaternary Phase Shift Keying<br />
QRI Queue Response Indicator<br />
QRSS Quasi Random Signal Source<br />
QS Qualitätssicherung<br />
QSA Qt Script for Applications<br />
QSAM Queued Sequential Access Method<br />
QSDPCM Quadtree-strukturierte Differenz-Puls-Code-Modulation<br />
QSIG Quersignalisierung<br />
QSIG Unified International Corporate Network Signalling Standard
380ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
QSMTP Queued SMTP<br />
QSND Queue Send (command)<br />
QST Calling All Stations (not an acronym)<br />
QST Qualified Software Tester<br />
QST Qualitäts- und Sicherheitstechnik<br />
QST Quick Start Tutorial<br />
QST Quiet System Technology (Intel)<br />
QTAM Queued Teleprocessing Access Method<br />
QTD Quote of The Day<br />
QTML Quicktime Media Layer<br />
QUED Quick Editor<br />
QUIP Query Interactive Processor<br />
QUISAM Queued Index Sequential Access Method<br />
QWERTY (US Typewriter Layout)<br />
QWERTZ (German Typewriter Layout)<br />
QXML QuarkXPress Markup Language<br />
R Radio, Real, Receive, Reference, Remote<br />
RA Radiocommunications Agency<br />
RA Random Availability<br />
RA Receiver Address<br />
RA Regulärer Ausdruck<br />
RA Repository Access<br />
RA Return Authorization<br />
RA Router Advertisement<br />
RAB RAID Advisory Board<br />
RAC Radio Amateurs of/du Canada<br />
RAC Real Application Cluster (Oracle)<br />
RAC Remote Access Concentrator<br />
RACE Research And Development in Advanced Communication Technolo<br />
RACE Row-based ASCII Compatible Encoding<br />
RACF Resource Access Control Facility (IBM)<br />
RACH Random Access Channel<br />
RACKS Reusable Application Interface for Communicating Real-Time Ker<br />
RACON Radar Beacon<br />
RAD Rapid Application Development<br />
RADAR Radio Detecting and Ranging<br />
RADB Routing Arbiter Data Base<br />
RADIUS Remote Access/Authentication Dial-In User Service
381<br />
RADSL Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line<br />
RAEBNC Read And Enjoyed, But No Comment (Slang)<br />
RAG Row Address Generator<br />
RAI Remote Alarm Indication<br />
RAID Redundant Array of Inexpensive/Independent Discs<br />
RAK Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung<br />
RAL Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK<br />
RALU Register Arithmetic Logic Unit<br />
RAM Random Access Machine/Memory<br />
RAM Rate Adaptive Mode<br />
RAM Rechargeable Alcali Mangan (battery)<br />
RAMDAC Random Access Memory Digital Analog Converter<br />
RAMP Remote Access Maintenance Protocol<br />
RAMPS Reliability, Availability, Manageability, Performance, Serviceab<br />
RAND Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory (License)<br />
RAO Remote Access Outsourcing<br />
RAOLSR Radio Aware Optimized Link State Routing<br />
RAP Radio Local Loop Access Profile<br />
RAP Rapid Application Prototyping<br />
RAP Rogue Access Point<br />
RAP Route Access Protocol<br />
RAP Roving Analysis Port<br />
RAR Roshal Archiver<br />
RARE Reseaux Associes pour la Recherche Europeenne<br />
RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (Internet)<br />
RAS Random Access Storage<br />
RAS Registration, Admission, and Status<br />
RAS Reliability, Availability and Serviceability<br />
RAS Remote Access Server/Service<br />
RAS Row Address Select/Strobe<br />
RASMED Redundant Array of Slightly More Expensive Disks<br />
RAST Receive and Send Terminal<br />
RASUM Reliability, Availability, Serviceability, Usability, Manageabilit<br />
RATP Reliable Asychronous Transfer Protocol (Internet)<br />
RATS Radio Amateur Telecommunications Society<br />
RATS Rough Auditing Tool for Security<br />
RAVE Renderer Acceleration Virtual Machine<br />
RAW Read After Write<br />
RBAC Role Based Access Control<br />
RBAM Remote Batch Access Method
382ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
RBBS Remote Bulletin Board System<br />
RBER Residual Bit Error Rate<br />
RBL Realtime/Remote Black/Blackhole List<br />
RBM Rule Base Memory<br />
RBOC Regional Bell Operating Company<br />
RBS Reference Broadcast Synchronization<br />
RBW Resolution Bandwidth<br />
RBW Reverse Band Working<br />
RBW Roll Back Version<br />
RC Reaction Controller<br />
RC Receive Common<br />
RC Receiver Clock<br />
RC Reconfigurable Computing<br />
RC Release Candidate/Critical<br />
RC Replica Catalog<br />
RC Rivest Cipher<br />
RC Run Command<br />
RCA Radio Corporation of Amerika, USA<br />
RCA Ripple Carry Adder<br />
RCB Release Critical Bug<br />
RCC Radio Common Carrier<br />
RCC Reduced Complexity Computer<br />
RCC Remote Cluster Controller<br />
RCC Rescue Coordination Centre<br />
RCC Routing Control Center/Channel<br />
RCD Recordable Compact Disc<br />
RCDATA Replaceable Character Data<br />
RCE Region Code Enhancement<br />
RCE Revision Control Engine<br />
RCEVH Research Centre for the Education of the Visually Handicapped<br />
RCF Registration Confirmation<br />
RCLK Rack Clock<br />
RCP Radio Control Protocol<br />
RCP Reality Immersion Coprocessor<br />
RCP Retransmission Control Procedure<br />
RCS Record Communication Switching System<br />
RCS Resource Construction Set<br />
RCS Revision Control System<br />
RCS Rights Control System<br />
RCU Read, Copy, Update
383<br />
RCV Receive<br />
RD Receive Data<br />
RD Recursive Design<br />
RD Request Disconnect<br />
RD Resource Discovery<br />
RD Route Distinguisher<br />
R&D Research and Development<br />
RDA Remote Data/Database Access<br />
RDAT Rotary Digital Audio Tape<br />
RDB Receive Data Buffer<br />
RDB Relational Database<br />
RDBMS Relationales Datenbank-Management-System<br />
RDC Remote Dual Copy<br />
RDCCG Regional Data and Computing Center Germany, Karlsruhe<br />
RDD Replaceable Database Driver<br />
RDE Ruby Development Environment<br />
RDF Resource Definition/Description Format/Framework<br />
RDH RSA DES Hybrid<br />
RDL Register Description Language<br />
RDMA Remote Direct Memory Access<br />
RDN Relative Distinguished Name<br />
RDO Remote Data Object<br />
RDOS Real-time Disk Operating System<br />
RDP Reliable Datagram Protocol (Internet)<br />
RDP Remote Desktop Protocol<br />
RDR Rijksdienst voor Radiocommunicatie<br />
RDRAM Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory<br />
RDRN Rapidly Deployable Radio Network<br />
RDS Radio Data System<br />
RDS Rapid Development System<br />
RDS Remote Data Services<br />
RDS Resolver Discovery Service<br />
RDSL Rate-adaptive/Residential/Reverse Digital Subscriber Line<br />
RDSR Receiver Data Service Request<br />
RDSS Radio Determination Satellite Services<br />
RDST Rotating Head Digital Storage Tape<br />
RDTSC Read Time Stamp Counter<br />
RE Recall<br />
RE Regular Expression<br />
RE Report Engine
384ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
RE Recursively Enumerable<br />
RE Reverse Engineering<br />
REACH Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals<br />
READSL2 Reach Enhanced ADSL2<br />
RED Random Early Detection<br />
REG Regular Languages<br />
REGTP Regulierungsbehörde für Telekommunikation und Post<br />
REJ Reject<br />
REKO Reparatur-Konzept (Swisscom)<br />
REL Rights Expression Language<br />
REM Remark<br />
REM Remote<br />
REM Reseau d’Enseignement Multimedia<br />
REM Ring Error Monitor<br />
REO Removable Erasable Optical Disk<br />
REP Reply to Message Number<br />
REP Robots Exclusion Protocol<br />
REQ Request<br />
RES Radio Equipment and Systems<br />
RES Remote Execution Server/Service<br />
RES Reset, Restore<br />
RES Rotation Error Signal<br />
REST Representational State Transfer<br />
RESV RSVP Reservation Request<br />
RET Resolution Enhancement Technology (HP)<br />
REXX Restructured Extended Executor (IBM)<br />
RF Radio Frequency<br />
RF Relevance Feedback<br />
RF Remote File<br />
RF Royalty Free (License)<br />
RFA Remote File Access<br />
RFA Request For Adoption (Debian)<br />
RFB Remote Frame Buffer<br />
RFC Remote Function Call<br />
RFC Request For Comments (Internet)<br />
RFC Response For a Class<br />
RFD Request For Discussion (Usenet)<br />
RFE Radio Free Ethernet<br />
RFE Request For Enhancement<br />
RFH Remote Frame Handler
385<br />
RFI Radio Frequency Interference<br />
RFI Request For Information<br />
RFID Radio Frequency Identification<br />
RFLA Real Full Look Ahead<br />
RFNM Ready/Request For Next Message<br />
RFP Radio Fixed Parts<br />
RFP Request For Packaging (Debian)<br />
RFP Request For Proposal<br />
RFQ Request For Quotation/Quote<br />
RFS Remote File Sharing/System<br />
RFS Remote Forensic Software<br />
RFT Request For Technology (OSF)<br />
RFT Revisable Format Text<br />
RFU Reserved for Future Use<br />
RG Radio Guide (coax cables)<br />
RGB Rot (Red), Grün (Green), Blau (Blue) (Farbmodell)<br />
RGBA Rot (Red), Grün (Green), Blau (Blue), Alpha (Farbmodell)<br />
RGDI Renaissance Graphics Device Interface<br />
RGP Raster Graphics Processor<br />
RG/U Radio Guide/Utility (Kabel)<br />
RH Request/Response Header<br />
RH Registration Hierarchy<br />
RHAD Red Hat Advanced Development (Laboratories)<br />
RHC Regional (Bell) Holding Company<br />
RHCE Red Hat Certified Engineer<br />
RHCS Red Hat Cluster Suite<br />
RHEL Red Hat Enterprise Linux<br />
RHN Red Hat Network<br />
RHNT Registration Hierarchical Name Tree<br />
RHOB Relevant Hierarchical Operational Binding<br />
RHS Right Hand Side<br />
RHSA Red Hat Security Advisory<br />
RI Referential Integrity<br />
RI Ring In/Indicator<br />
RIA Red Ink Award<br />
RIA Rich Internet Application(s)<br />
RIA Robot Institute of America<br />
RIAA Recording Industry Association of America<br />
RIAS Rundfunk Im Amerikanischen Sektor, Berlin<br />
RIB RenderMan Interface Bytestream
386ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
RIB Routing Information Base<br />
RIC Radio Identify Code<br />
RID Relative Identifier<br />
RID Retinal Imaging Display<br />
RIF Radio/Renderman Interface<br />
RIF Record Identifier<br />
RIF Regional/Resource Information<br />
RIF Resource Interchange File<br />
RIF Routing Information Field/Frame<br />
RIF Rule Information<br />
RIF Rule Interchange Format<br />
RIFF Resource Interchange File Format<br />
RII Ring/Routing Information Indicator<br />
RIM Records and Information Management<br />
RIM Remote Installation and Maintenace<br />
RIM Request Initialization Mode<br />
RIMM Rambus In-line Memory Module<br />
RIMS Ranging Integrity Monitoring Station<br />
RIP Raster Image Processor<br />
RIP Request In Progress<br />
RIP Routing Information Protocol<br />
RIP Remote Image/Imaging Protocol/Processing<br />
RIPE Reseaux IP Europeenne<br />
RIPL Remote Initial Program Loading<br />
RIPNG Routing Information Protocol Next Generation<br />
RIPSO Revised Internet Protocol Security Option<br />
RIR Regional Internet Registry<br />
RIS Remote Installation Services<br />
RISC Reduced Instruction Set Code/Computer<br />
RITA Reduced Interim Type Approval<br />
RITA Reliable Internetwork Troubleshooting Agent<br />
RJ Registered Jack<br />
RJE Remote Job Entry (IBM)<br />
RJS Remote Job Service<br />
RKE Remote Keyless Entry<br />
RKO Root Key Operator<br />
RL Real Life (Slang)<br />
RL Reconfigurable Logic<br />
RL Remote Loopback<br />
RLC Radio Link Control
RLC Run Length Coding<br />
RLE Research Laboratory of Electronics<br />
RLE Run Length Encoded/Encoding<br />
RLF Reverse Line Feed<br />
RLG Research Libraries Group<br />
RLIN Research Libraries Information Network (RLG)<br />
RLL Radio in the Local Loop<br />
RLL Row Level Locking<br />
RLL Run Length Limited<br />
RLM Receiver-driven Layered Multicast<br />
RLM Robotic Library Manager<br />
RLM Robust Linear Model<br />
RLMT Redundant Link Management Technology<br />
RLN Remote LAN Node<br />
RLP Radio Link Protocol<br />
RLP Resource Location Protocol<br />
RLS Remote Learning System<br />
RLSD Received Line Signal Detected<br />
RLV Ringleitungsverteiler<br />
RM Reference Model<br />
RM Resource Management<br />
RM Retention Module<br />
RMA Rate Monotonic Analysis<br />
RMA Remote Memory Access<br />
RMC Radio Monte Carlo<br />
RMC Rambus Memory Controller<br />
RMC Resource Monitoring and Control<br />
RMF Remote Management Facility<br />
RMI Remote Method Invocation<br />
RMII Reduced Media Independent Interface<br />
RMOA Realtime Multimedia Over ATM<br />
RMON Remote (Network) Monitoring<br />
RMP Radio Management Panel<br />
RMP Random Match Probability<br />
RMP Reliable Multicast Protocol<br />
RMP Remote Maintenance Panel/Processor<br />
RMP Resource Management Plan/Program/Project<br />
RMS RAID Management Software<br />
RMS Rate Monotonic Scheduling<br />
RMS Reason Maintenance System<br />
387
388ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
RMS Record/Resource Management Services/System<br />
RMS Replica Management System<br />
RMS Richard Matthew Stallman<br />
RMS Root Mean Square<br />
RMT Reliable Multicast Transport<br />
RMT Ring Management<br />
RNA Remote Network Access<br />
RNA Rufnummernanzeige<br />
RNARS Royal Navy Amateur Radio Society<br />
RNC Radio Network Controller<br />
RNG Random Number Generator<br />
RNI Reseau National d’Interconnexion de Renater<br />
RNIS Reseau Numerique a Integration de Services<br />
RNR Receive Not Ready (frame)<br />
RNRT Reseau National de Recherche en Telecommunications<br />
RNSI Remote Node Service for ISDN<br />
RO Read Only<br />
RO Ring Out<br />
ROADS Resource Organization And Discovery in Subject-based services<br />
ROADS Running Out of Address Space<br />
ROBO Remote Office Branch Office<br />
ROC Restricted Operators Certificate<br />
RODPO Reading on Demand - Paper Option (vulgo Buch)<br />
ROFBTC Rolling On the Floor Biting The Carpet (Slang)<br />
ROFL Rolling On the Floor Laughing (Slang)<br />
ROFLASTC Rolling On the Floor Laughing And Scaring The Cat (Slang)<br />
ROFLMAO Rolling On The Floor Laughing My Ass Off (Slang)<br />
ROHC Robust Header Compression<br />
ROHS Restriction Of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in Electric<br />
ROI Rectangle/Region Of Interest<br />
ROI Return Of Investment<br />
ROKSO Register Of Known Spam Operations<br />
ROLAP Relational Online Analytical Processing<br />
ROLZ Reduced Offset Lempel Ziv (Algorithmus)<br />
ROM RAID On the Motherboard<br />
ROM Read Only Memory<br />
RONJA Reasonable Optical Near Joint Access<br />
ROP RISC Operation<br />
ROPES Rapid Object Oriented Process for Embedded Systems<br />
ROPS Remote Operations Service
389<br />
ROS Record On Silicon<br />
ROS Remote Operation Service<br />
ROS Resident Operating System<br />
ROSA Receive Only Satellite Antenna<br />
ROSE RATS Open System Environment<br />
ROSE Research Open Systems for Europe<br />
ROSE Remote Operations Service Element/Entity<br />
ROTD Release Of The Day<br />
ROTFL Rolling On The Floor Laughing (Slang)<br />
ROW Rest Of the World<br />
RP Radio Paging<br />
RP Randomized Polynomial time<br />
RP Rendezvous Point<br />
RPA Remote Passphrase Authentication<br />
RPB Radio-Praktiker-Bücherei<br />
RPB Reverse Path Broadcasting<br />
RPC Radio Paging Call<br />
RPC Regional Playback Control<br />
RPC Remote Procedure Call<br />
RPC Root Path Cost<br />
RPD Rapid Prototyping Development<br />
RPDB Routing Policy Database<br />
RPDFP Remote Physical Device Finger Printing<br />
RPELPC Regular Pulse Excited Linear Predictive Coder<br />
RPELTP Regular Pulse Excitation with Long-Term Prediction Loop<br />
RPF Reverse Path Forwarding<br />
RPG Record Program Generator (IBM)<br />
RPL Requested Privilege Level<br />
RPL Resident Programming Language<br />
RPM Radio Packet Modem<br />
RPM Rapid Prototyping Module<br />
RPM Red Hat Package Manager<br />
RPM Revolutions per minute<br />
RPN Reverse Polish Notation<br />
RPPROM Reprogrammable PROM<br />
RPS Redundant Power Supply<br />
RPS Remote Procedure Services<br />
RPSL Routing Policy Specification Language<br />
RPSU Redundant Power Supply Unit<br />
RPU Ray Processing Unit
390ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
RQBE Relational Query By Example<br />
RQST Request<br />
RR Radio Regulations<br />
RR Real Reality<br />
RR Receive/Receiver Ready<br />
RR Resource Record (DNS)<br />
RR Round Robin<br />
RRA Remote Record Access<br />
RRAS Routing and Remote Access Service<br />
RRC Radio Resource Control<br />
RRD Round Robin Database<br />
RRG Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft<br />
RRI Resource Recovery Interface<br />
RRIP Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol<br />
RRJ Registration Reject<br />
RRLP Radio Resource LCS Protocol<br />
RRO Radial Run Out<br />
RRP Registry Registrar Protocol<br />
RRQ Registration Request<br />
RRT Radar Range Tracking<br />
RRT Radio Receiver Transmitter<br />
RRT Radio Relay Terminal<br />
RRT Random/Randomized Response Technique<br />
RRT Range Router Table<br />
RRT Rapid Reprogramming Terminal<br />
RRT Recommended Replacement Time<br />
RRT Request Response Trace<br />
RRT Routing Request Timer<br />
RRZN Regionales Rechenzentrum Niedersachsen, Hannover<br />
RS Reader Stop<br />
RS Recommended Standard<br />
RS Record Separator<br />
RS Reed Solomon (Code)<br />
RS Registry Service<br />
RS Request to Send<br />
RS Route Server<br />
RS Router Solicitation<br />
RS232 Recommended Standard 232 (Norm für serielle Schnittstelle)<br />
RSA Rivest, Shamir, Adleman<br />
RSAC Recreational Software Advisory Council
391<br />
RSB Repair Service Bureau<br />
RSB Reservation State Block<br />
RSBAC Rule Set Based Access Control<br />
RSCS Remote Spooling and Communications Subsystem<br />
RSCV Route Selection Control Vector<br />
RSDP Root System Description Pointer<br />
RSDT Root System Description Table<br />
RSE Register Stack Engine<br />
RSET Reset<br />
RSFQ Rapid Single Flux Quantum (Logic)<br />
RSI Repetitive Strain Injury<br />
RSIP Realm Specific Internet Protocol (parameter)<br />
RSIS Relocateable Screen Interface Specification<br />
RSL Radio Signaling Link<br />
RSL Received Signal Level<br />
RSL Registry Size Limit<br />
RSL Request and Status Link<br />
RSL Reserve Static Line<br />
RSL Resilient Server Link<br />
RSL Resource Specification Language<br />
RSMLT Routed Split Multi Link Trunking<br />
RSN Real Soon Now (Slang)<br />
RSN Russian Security Newsline<br />
RSOH Regenerator Section Overhead<br />
RSP Required Space Character<br />
RSPC Reed Solomon Product Code<br />
RSPCWS Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelties to Web Surfers<br />
RSRB Remote Source Route Bridging<br />
RSS Radio Subsystem<br />
RSS RDF Site Summary<br />
RSS Really Simple Syndication<br />
RSS Resident Set Size<br />
RSS Rich Site Summary<br />
RSSAC Root Server System Advisory Committee<br />
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication<br />
RST Readability, Signal Strength, and Tone<br />
RST Receive Start Threshold<br />
RST Reset and Restart<br />
RSTE Regenerator Section Terminating Equipment<br />
RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
392ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
RSTS Resource Sharing and Time Sharing<br />
RSTV Rundfunkstaatsvertrag<br />
RSVD Reserved<br />
RSVP Resource Reservation Setup Protocol<br />
RSX Real Time Resource Sharing Executive<br />
RT Radio Text<br />
RT Real/Run Time<br />
RT Receive Timing<br />
RT RISC Technology<br />
RTA Runder Tisch Amateurfunk<br />
RTAI Real Time Application Interface<br />
RTAM Remote Terminal Access Method<br />
RTAS Run-Time Abstraction Services<br />
RTB Regional Testbed<br />
RTC Real Time Clock<br />
RTC Return To Control<br />
RTC Reseaux Telphoniques Commutes<br />
RTCA Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics<br />
RTCM Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services<br />
RTCP Realtime Transport Control Protocol<br />
RTDL Real-Time Data Link<br />
RTE Real-Time Enterprise<br />
RTE Right to Left Embedding<br />
RTEID Real Time Executive Interface Definition<br />
RTEL Reverse Telnet<br />
RTEMS Real Time Executive for Military/Multiprocessor Systems<br />
RTEMS Real Time Energy Management Solutions<br />
RTF Rich Text Format<br />
RTFAQ Read The FAQ (Slang)<br />
RTFB Read The Funny Binary (Slang)<br />
RTFF Read The Fantastic FAQ (Slang)<br />
RTFM Read The Fine/Fantastic/Funny ... Manual (Slang)<br />
RTFS Read The Funny Source (Slang)<br />
RTK Real Time Kernel<br />
RTK Real-Time Kinematic Positioning<br />
RTL Register Transfer Level<br />
RTL Resistor Transistor Logic<br />
RTL Run Time Library<br />
RTLS Real Time Locating System<br />
RTM Read The Manual (Slang)
393<br />
RTM Real Time Modeling<br />
RTM Release To Manufacturing<br />
RTM Response Time Monitor<br />
RTMP Routing Table Maintenance Protocol<br />
RTNR Real-Time Network Routing<br />
RTO Retransmission Timeout<br />
RTOS Real Time Operating System<br />
RTP Rapid Transport Protocol<br />
RTP Realtime Transport Protocol<br />
RTP Regulierungsbehörde für Telekommunikation und Post<br />
RTP Rendezvous and Termination Protocol<br />
RTP Realtime Transport Protocol (Internet)<br />
RTR RARE Technical Report<br />
RTS Ready/Request To Send<br />
RTS Real Time System<br />
RTS Reliable Transfer Service<br />
RTS Remote Telnet Service<br />
RTS Request To Send<br />
RTSE Reliable Transfer Service Element (OSI)<br />
RTSP Realtime Signal Processor<br />
RTSP Realtime Streaming Protocol<br />
RTSPS Realtime Streaming Protocol Secure/Server/Service/Specificati<br />
RTSPU Realtime Streaming Protocol Unreliable<br />
RTT Resonant Tunneling Transistor<br />
RTT Round-Trip Time<br />
RTTI Run Time Type Information/Identification<br />
RTTY Radio Teletype (Funkfernschreiben)<br />
RTV Real Time Video<br />
RTWFQ Read The Whole Fantastic Question (Slang)<br />
RU Request/Response Unit<br />
RUA Remote User Agent<br />
RUC Reservation Upon Collision (Scheme)<br />
RULL Rechnerunterstütztes Lehren und Lernen<br />
RUM Rechenzentrum Universität Mannheim<br />
RUOK Are You Ok (Slang)<br />
RUP Rational Unified Process<br />
RUS Rechenzentrum der Universität Stuttgart<br />
RUSH Remote Use of Shared Hardware<br />
RV Real Virtuality<br />
RV Rotational Vibration
394ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
RVI Reverse Interrupt<br />
RVL Ringverteilungsleiter<br />
RVML Rich Vector Markup Language<br />
RVP Rendezvous Protocol<br />
RVS Rotational Vibration Safeguard<br />
RVSA Remote Variant Selection Algorithm<br />
RW Rewritable<br />
RWB Responsive Workbench<br />
RWI Reset Window Indicator<br />
RWI Reversed Word Index<br />
RWM Read Write Memory<br />
RWP RIP While Printing<br />
RWS Rufweiterschaltung<br />
RWT Random Walk Theory<br />
RWTH Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen<br />
RX Receive Data<br />
RX Receiver<br />
RXC Receive Clock<br />
RXD Received Data<br />
RYS Read Your Screen (Slang)<br />
RZ Rechenzentrum<br />
RZ Return to Zero<br />
RZG Rechenzentrum Garching (MPG)<br />
RZM Root Zone Maintainer<br />
S Service, Signal, Standard, Synchron, System<br />
S Signal Timing<br />
S Steuerleitung<br />
S2M ISDN Wählverbindung 2 Mbit/s<br />
SA Security Association<br />
SA Selective Availability (GPS)<br />
SA Soft Affinity<br />
SA Software Assurance<br />
SA Source Address<br />
SA SpamAssassin<br />
SA Structured Analysis<br />
SA System Administrator<br />
SAA Silly And Awkward (Slang)<br />
SAA Single Assignment Approach
395<br />
SAA System/Systems Application Architecture<br />
SAAL Signalling AAL<br />
SAAS Software As A Service<br />
SAB Standards Activities Board (IEEE/CS)<br />
SABM Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode<br />
SABME Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode Extended<br />
SAC Seismic Analysis Code<br />
SAC Service Access Controller<br />
SAC Single Attached/Attachment Component/Concentrator<br />
SAC Special Area Code<br />
SAC Syntax-based Arithmetic Coding<br />
SACCH Slow Associated Control Channel<br />
SACD Super Audio Compact Disk<br />
SACEADM System Auxiliary Control Element Administration<br />
SACECP System Auxiliary Control Element Common Pair<br />
SACEM Societe des Auteurs Compositeurs Editeurs de Musique<br />
SACK Selective Acknowledgement<br />
SACL System Access Control List<br />
SACNET Secure Automated Communications Network<br />
SACT SPARC Application Conformance Toolkit<br />
SAD Security Association Database<br />
SADT Structured Analysis and Design Technique<br />
SAE Self Addressed Envelope<br />
SAF Service Access Facility<br />
SAFI Subsequence Address Family Identifier<br />
SAFIR Service ATM Federateur et d’Interconnexion de Renater<br />
SAFT Simple Asynchronous File Transfer (Protocol)<br />
SAGA Standards und Architekturen für eGovernment-Anwendungen<br />
SAGE (UNIX) System Administrators’ Guild<br />
SAIC Single Antenna Interference Cancellation<br />
SAIL Stanford AI Laboratory<br />
SAINT Symbolic Automatic Integrator<br />
SAK Secure Attention Key<br />
SAL Self Addressed Envelope<br />
SAL Structured Assembly Language<br />
SALT Speech Application Language Tag<br />
SALT SuSE Advanced Linux Technology<br />
SAM SCSI Architecture Model<br />
SAM Security Access/Account Manager<br />
SAM Sequential Access Method
396ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
SAM Serial Access Memory<br />
SAM Smart ATM Modul<br />
SAM Storage and Archive Manager<br />
SAM Synchronous Address Multiplexer<br />
SAM System Administration Manager (tool)<br />
SAMI Synchronized Accessible Media Interchange<br />
SAN Satellite Access Network<br />
SAN Schulen ans Netz e. V.<br />
SAN Standard Address Number<br />
SAN Storage Area Network<br />
SAN System Area Network<br />
SANE Scanner Access Now Easy<br />
SANE Standard Apple Numeric Environment<br />
SANS SysAdmin, Audit, Network, Security (Institute)<br />
SAO Session At Once<br />
SAP Secure Audio Path<br />
SAP Send And Pray<br />
SAP Service Access Point (OSI)<br />
SAP Service Advertising Protocol (Novell)<br />
SAP Session Announcement Protocol<br />
SAP SIM Access Profile<br />
SAP Symbolic Assembler Program<br />
SAP Systeme, Anwendungen, Produkte (AG), Walldorf<br />
SAPI Service Access Point Identifier<br />
SAPI Speech API<br />
SAPI Streams Application Programming Interface<br />
SAR Search And Rescue<br />
SAR Segmentation And Reassembling/Reassembly<br />
SAR Smurf Amplifier Registry<br />
SAR Specific Absorption Rate<br />
SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar<br />
SARC Symantec Antivirus Research Center<br />
SARCOM Search And Rescue Communication<br />
SARE SpamAssassin Rules Emporium<br />
SARM Set Asynchronous Response Mode<br />
SARME Set Asynchronous Response Mode Extended<br />
SARP Search And Rescue Processor<br />
SARPA Security Advanced Research Projects Agency, USA<br />
SARSAT Search And Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking<br />
SART Search And Rescue (Radar) Transponder
397<br />
SARTG Scandinavian Amateur Radio Teleprinter Group<br />
SAS Security Association<br />
SAS Serial Attached SCSI<br />
SAS Short Authentication String<br />
SAS Signature Authority System<br />
SAS Single Attached/Attachment Station (FDDI)<br />
SAS Speicher- und Anforderungssteuerung<br />
SAS Statistical Analysis System<br />
SASDB Security Association Data Base<br />
SASE Self Addressed and Stamped Envelope<br />
SASI Shugart Associates System Interface<br />
SASL St. Andrews Static Language<br />
SASL Simple Authentication and Security Layer<br />
SASL Single Assignment Language<br />
SAT Satisfiability Problem<br />
SATA Serial AT Bus Attachment<br />
SATAN Security Analysis/Administrator’s Tool for Analyzing/Auditing<br />
SATL SCSI ATA Translation Layer<br />
SAV Sender Address Verification<br />
SAW Surface Acoustic Wave (Filter)<br />
SAX Simple API for XML<br />
SB Southbridge<br />
SB Standby Indicator<br />
SB System Builder<br />
SBA Small Business Administration<br />
SBAS Satellite Based Augmentation System<br />
SBC SCSI Block Commands<br />
SBC Server Based Computing<br />
SBC Single Board Computer<br />
SBC Smart Bitrate Control<br />
SBC Subband Codec<br />
SBCS Single Byte Character/Command Set<br />
SBE Single Byte Extension<br />
SBE Society of Broadcast Engineers (USA)<br />
SBOD Switched Bunch Of Discs<br />
SBP Serial Bus Protocol<br />
SBP Structured Buffer Pool<br />
SBR Spectral Band Replication<br />
SBR1 Statistical Bit Rate Configuration 1<br />
SBS Secure Boot System
398ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
SBS Small Business Server<br />
SBST Smart Battery Status Table<br />
SBT Six Bit Transcode<br />
SBUP System Backup Partition<br />
SBV Skeletonization Based Vectorization<br />
SC Secondary Channel<br />
SC Send Common<br />
SC Sequential Consistency<br />
SC Smart Card<br />
SC Storage Compatibility<br />
SC Subcommittee<br />
SC Subscriber Channel (Sonnector)<br />
SCA Security Control and Audit<br />
SCA Single Connector Attachment<br />
SCA Software Communications Architecture<br />
SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition<br />
SCADDS Scalable Coordination Architectures for Deeply Distributed System<br />
SCAM SCSI Configured Automagically<br />
SCART Syndicat des Constructeurs d’Appareils Radio Recepteurs et Televi<br />
SCB Subsystem Control Block<br />
SCC Satellite Control Center<br />
SCC SCSI Controller Commands<br />
SCC Serial Communication Controller<br />
SCC Small Card Clearing<br />
SCC Specialized Common Carrier<br />
SCC Spontaneous Computer Combustion<br />
SCC Standards Coordinating Committee (IEEE/CS)<br />
SCC Synchronous Channel Check<br />
SCCP Signal/Signalling Connection Control Port<br />
SCCS Source Code Control System<br />
SCCS Southern California Computer Society<br />
SCD Standard Color Display<br />
SCD Structured Charts Diagram<br />
SCE Service Creation Environment<br />
SCF Service Control Function<br />
SCF System Control Facility<br />
SCI Scalable Coherent Interconnect<br />
SCI Special Circumstance Instructions<br />
SCI Strategic Computing Inititative<br />
SCI System Control Interrupt
399<br />
SCIM Smart Commom Input Method<br />
SCLM Software Configuration Library Manager (IBM)<br />
SCM Selected Communication Mode<br />
SCM Software Configuration Management<br />
SCM Supply Chain Management<br />
SCM Switch Control Module<br />
SCML Spectrum Cataloging Markup Language<br />
SCMS Serial Copy Management System<br />
SCN Switched Circuit Network<br />
SCN System Change/Commit Number<br />
SCNR Sorry, Could Not Resist (Slang)<br />
SCO (The) Santa Cruz Operation, Inc.<br />
SCO Structured Complex Object<br />
SCO Synchronous Connection Oriented<br />
SCOS Single Copy Object Store<br />
SCP Secure Copy<br />
SCP Service Control Point<br />
SCP Session Control Protocol<br />
SCP Short Circuit Protection<br />
SCP Subsystem Control Port<br />
SCPC Single CHannel Per Carrier<br />
SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments<br />
SCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier<br />
SCR Standard Context Routing<br />
SCR Sustainable/Sustained Cell Rate<br />
SCS Secondary Clear to Send<br />
SCS SNA Communication Service<br />
SCS System Communication Services<br />
SCSA Signal Computing System Architecture<br />
SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface<br />
SCSL Sun Community Source Licensing<br />
SCSP Server Cache Synchronization Protocol<br />
SCSSI Service Central de la Securite des Systemes d’Information<br />
SCSU Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode<br />
SCTP Screened Twisted Pair (cable)<br />
SCTP Shape-Controlled Traffic Pattern<br />
SCTP Simple Control Transport Protocol<br />
SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol<br />
SCTS Secondary Clear To Send<br />
SCTT Strong Church Turing Thesis
400ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
SCU System Control Unit<br />
SD Sales + Distribution<br />
SD Secure Digital (Card)<br />
SD Send Data<br />
SD Shutdown<br />
SD Single Density<br />
SD Staircase Deadline (scheduler)<br />
SD Starting Delimiter<br />
SD Structured Design<br />
SD Super Density (Compact Disk)<br />
SDA Scalable Disk Array<br />
SDA Start of/Secure Domain Authority<br />
SDA Swappable Data Area<br />
SDA System Design Automation<br />
SDB Security Policy Database<br />
SDBM Selective Directed Broadcast Mode<br />
SDC Secondary Domain Controller<br />
SDC Secure Digital Card<br />
SDC Service Description Channel<br />
SDCCH Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel<br />
SDCD Secondary Data Carrier Detect<br />
SDD Super Density Disk<br />
SDDC Single Device Data Correction<br />
SDDI Serial Digital Data Interface<br />
SDDI Shielded Twisted Pair Distributed Data Interface<br />
SDDS Sony Dynamic Digital Sound<br />
SDE Software Development Environment<br />
SDF Signal Delay Format<br />
SDF Space Delimited File/Format<br />
SDF Standard/System Data Format<br />
SDF Structured Display File<br />
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy<br />
SDHC Secure Digital High Capacity (Card)<br />
SDHT Selectively Doped Hetero Transistor<br />
SDI Selective Dissemination of Information<br />
SDI Serial Device/Digital Interface<br />
SDI Single Document Interface<br />
SDIF Standard Document Interchange Format<br />
SDIGN Vorschriftensammlung für digitale Netze<br />
SDIO Secure Digital Input/Output
401<br />
SDK Software Development/Developer’s Kit<br />
SDL Scene Description Language<br />
SDL Security Development Lifecycle<br />
SDL Simple Direct Media Layer<br />
SDLC Software Development Life Cycle<br />
SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control (IBM)<br />
SDLP Standard Device Level Protocol<br />
SDLT Super Digital Linear Tape<br />
SDM Secure Digital Mini (card)<br />
SDM Security Device Manager<br />
SDM Short Data Message<br />
SDM Sub-rate Data Multiplexer<br />
SDMA Space Division Multiple Access<br />
SDMI Secure Digital Music Inititative<br />
SDMS SCSI Device Management System<br />
SDN Software Defined Network<br />
SDNS Secure Data Network Service/System<br />
SDO Servicedatenobjekt<br />
SDP Service Discovery Protocol<br />
SDP Session Description Protocol<br />
SDP Shared Development Process<br />
SDP Software Delivery Platform<br />
SDP Standard Directory Package (Apple)<br />
SDPS Science/Service/Shared/Spatial/Standard/Surveillance Data Pr<br />
SDPS Secure Digital Paper Seal<br />
SDPS Standard Dial-up POP3 Service<br />
SDR Session Director<br />
SDR Single Data Rate<br />
SDR Software Defined Radio<br />
SDR Streaming Data Request<br />
SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory<br />
SDS Sample Dump Standard<br />
SDS Software Distribution Service (OSF)<br />
SDS Subdivision Surface<br />
SDSC San Diego Supercomputer Center, USA<br />
SDSE Shadowed DSA-Specific Entry<br />
SDSL Single Line/Single Pair/Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line<br />
SDSS Sloan Digital Sky Survey<br />
SDTS Spatial Data Transfer Standard<br />
SDTV Standard Definition Television
402ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
SDU Service/Signalling Data Unit<br />
SDX Storage Data Acceleration<br />
SDXC Synchronous Digital Cross Connect<br />
SDXF Structured Data Exchange Format<br />
SE Second Editon (Windows)<br />
SE Shared Everything<br />
SE Single Ended<br />
SE-SCSI Single Ended SCSI<br />
SEA Schoof, Elkes, Atkin<br />
SEA Self Extracting Archive<br />
SEA Society for Electronic Access<br />
SEAL Screening External Access Link<br />
SEBD Software Engineering Bibliographic Database (DACS)<br />
SEC Single Error Correction<br />
SEC Standard Ethernet Controller<br />
SECAM Sequentiel Couleur Avec Memoire<br />
SECBR Severely Errored Cell Block Ratio<br />
SECC Single Edge Contact Cartridge<br />
SED Smoke Emitting Diode<br />
SED Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display<br />
SEDAS Standardregelungen einheitlicher Datenaustausch<br />
SEE Software Engineering Environment<br />
SEEFUST Seefunkstelle<br />
SEEK Secure Electronic Exchange of Keys<br />
SEEM Simple Efficient Extensible Mesh<br />
SEL Security Enhanced Linux<br />
SEL Selector<br />
SEL Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG<br />
SEL System Event Logger<br />
SEM Search Engine Marketing<br />
SEM Server Enhancement Module<br />
SEMA Simple Electromagnetic Analysis<br />
SEMPER Secure Electronic Marketplace for Europe<br />
SEO Search Engine Optimization/Optimizer<br />
SEO Sequences Number<br />
SEP Separation<br />
SEP Somebody Else’s Problem (Slang)<br />
SEPI School Educational Provision Improvement<br />
SEPP Secure Electronic Payment Protocol<br />
SEPP Single Edge Processor Package
403<br />
SER Soft Error Rate<br />
SES SCSI Enclosure Services<br />
SES Secure Easy Setup<br />
SES Ship Earth Station<br />
SES Societe Europeenne des Satellites<br />
SESAME Secure European System for Applications in a Multi-Vendor E<br />
SESK Session Key<br />
SET Secure Electronic Transaction<br />
SET Setkey<br />
SET Shortest Elapsed Time<br />
SET Single Electron Transistor<br />
SET Standard d’Exchange et de Transfert<br />
SETI Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence<br />
SEU Serial Encryption Unit<br />
SEU Smallest Executable Unit<br />
SEUL Simple End User Linux<br />
SEX Software Exchange<br />
SF Select/Send Frequency<br />
SF Sign Flag<br />
SF Single Frequency<br />
SF Store and Forward<br />
SFA Sales Force Automation<br />
SFAUSL Vorschriftensammlung Fernmeldeverkehr Ausland<br />
SFC System File Checker<br />
SFD Start Frame Delimiter<br />
SFF Small Form Factor<br />
SFINX Service for French Internet Exchange<br />
SFLAAE/BS Star Fleet Ladies Auxiliary and Embroidery/Baking Society<br />
SFLC Software Freedom Law Center<br />
SFMJI Sorry For My Jumping In (Slang)<br />
SFP Single Function Peripheral<br />
SFP Super Fine Positioning<br />
SFP System File Protection<br />
SFPS Secure Fast Packet Switching<br />
SFQ Stochastic Fairness Queuing<br />
SFQL Structured Full-text Query Language<br />
SFR Split Frame Rendering<br />
SFS Scalable/Secure File Share/System<br />
SFS Security Feature Set<br />
SFS Smart File System (Amiga)
404ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
SFS Storage Attached Network File System<br />
SFT System Fault Tolerance<br />
SFT System File Table<br />
SFTM Switched Frame Transfer Mode<br />
SFTP Simple File Transfer Protocol<br />
SFU Services For Unix<br />
SFURD Stadtfunkrufdienst<br />
SFV Standard-Festverbindung<br />
SG Signal Ground<br />
SG Supergroup<br />
SGA Shared/System Global Area<br />
SGC SCSI Graphic Commands<br />
SGCP Simple Gateway Control Protocol<br />
SGDB Service de Genomique du Departement de Biologie, ENS Paris<br />
SGF Smart Go Format<br />
SGI Silicon Graphics, Inc.<br />
SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language<br />
SGMP Simple Gateway Management/Monitoring Protocol (Internet)<br />
SGPS Simple Global Positioning System (protocol)<br />
SGRAM Synchronous Graphical Random Access Memory<br />
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node<br />
SH Sample and Hold, S/H<br />
SHA Secure Hash Algorithm<br />
SHA Super High Availability<br />
SHAFT Society to Help Abolish FORTRAN Teaching<br />
SHAR Shell Archive<br />
SHARL Specified Home Appliance Recycling Law, Japan<br />
SHDSL Single-pair High Speed Digital Subscriber Line<br />
SHF Super High Frequency<br />
SHIA Strongly Hedonistic Internet Area<br />
SHIFT Scalable, Heterogeneous, Integrated Facility<br />
SHIT Secure Home Internet Telephony<br />
SHM Semantical Hierarchy Model<br />
SHM Short Hold Mode<br />
SHOE Simple HTML Ontology Extensions<br />
SHRS Sehen, Hören, Riechen, Schmecken (Multimedia)<br />
SHTTP Secure HTTP<br />
SHV Standard High Volume<br />
SHY Soft/Syllable Hyphen<br />
SI Service Interaction
405<br />
SI Shift In<br />
SI Signalling Rate Indicator<br />
SI Simple Interface (Cray to UNIX)<br />
SI Source Index<br />
SI Still Image (Exchange)<br />
SI System Information<br />
SI Systeme International d’Unites<br />
SIA Semiconductor Industries Association<br />
SIA Serial Interface Adapter<br />
SIAM Supraleitendes Intelligentes Antennen-Modul<br />
SIASL Stranger In A Strange Land (Slang)<br />
SIB Scaled Index Based<br />
SIC Standard Industry Code<br />
SICAS Semiconductor International Capacity Statistics<br />
SID Security Identification/Identifier<br />
SID Session Identifier<br />
SID Silence Descriptor<br />
SID Society for Information Display<br />
SID Station Identification<br />
SID Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance<br />
SID Symbolic Interactive Debugger<br />
SIE Serial Interface Engine<br />
SIF Stateful Inspection Firewall<br />
SIFS Short Inter Frame Space<br />
SIFT Stanford Information Filtering Tool<br />
SIG Selective Integral Ground<br />
SIG Software/Special Interest Group<br />
SIGCAT Special Interest Group on CD-ROM Applications and Technolo<br />
SIGG Signaturgesetz<br />
SIGIR Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval<br />
SIGPLAN Special Interest Group on Programming Languages<br />
SIH Super Information Highway<br />
SIHFT Software Implemented Hardware Fault Tolerance<br />
SII Static Invocation Interface<br />
SIIT Stateless IP/ICMP Translation (Algorithm)<br />
SIL Solid Immersion Lens<br />
SILC Secure Internet Live Conferencing<br />
SILK Speech, Image, Language, Knowledge<br />
SIM Set Initialization Mode<br />
SIM Subscriber Identification/Identity Module
406ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
SIMA Support Initiative for Multimedia Applications<br />
SIMCA Sitting In My Chair Amused (Slang)<br />
SIMD Single Instruction Multiple Data (stream)<br />
SIMM Single Inline Memory Module<br />
SIMP Simple Intermachine Protocol<br />
SIMPLE Sheer Idiots Monopurpose Programming Language Environment<br />
SIMPLE SIP for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions<br />
SIN Serial Data In<br />
SIN Service Indicator (ISDN)<br />
SINA Sichere Internet-Anbindung/Architektur (BSI)<br />
SINA SISY Integriertes FTP-Server Archiv, Karlsruhe<br />
SINPO Signal strength, Interference, Noise, Propagation disturbance, Ove<br />
SIO Serial Input Output<br />
SIO Simultaneous Interface Operation<br />
SIP SCSI Interlocl Protocol<br />
SIP Second/Simple Internet Protocol<br />
SIP Secure Internet Programming (Princeton U.)<br />
SIP Session Initiation Protocol<br />
SIP SMDS Interface Protocol<br />
SIP Submission Information Package<br />
SIPC Simple Integrated/Interactive Personal Computer<br />
SIPO Serial In Serial Out<br />
SIPP Simple Internet Protocol Plus<br />
SIPP Simple Polygon Processor<br />
SIPP Single In-Line Pin Package<br />
SIPP Stable Image PC Platform<br />
SIPP Stable Image Platform Program<br />
SIPS SIP over SSL<br />
SIR Serial Infrared Communication (Hewlett-Packard)<br />
SIRDS Single Image Random Dot Stereogram<br />
SIRF (SiRF Technology Inc., USA)<br />
SIS Schengen Information System<br />
SIS Silicon Isotope Superlattice (Technology)<br />
SIS Stateful Inspection System<br />
SISD Single Instruction Single Data(stream)<br />
SISO Serial In, Serial Out<br />
SISSL Sun Industry Standards Source License<br />
SISY Software Informations-System, Karlsruhe<br />
SIT Satellite Interactive Terminal<br />
SIT (Fraunhofer-Institut für) Sichere Telekooperation
SIT Simple Internet Transition<br />
SIT Special Information Tone<br />
SITD Still In The Dark (Slang)<br />
SITOR Simple Telex Over Radio<br />
SITP Strategic Information Technology Plan, DoC, USA<br />
SITP System Integration Test Plan<br />
SIWG Special Interest Working Group<br />
SJCC Spring Joint Computer Conference<br />
SJF Shortest Job First<br />
SJF Super Jumbo Frame (Ethernet)<br />
SK Schneider & Koch, Ettlingen<br />
SK Server Key<br />
SK Synchronknoten<br />
SKA Shared Key Authentication<br />
SKAS Separate Kernel Address Space<br />
SKIP Simple Key Management for Internet Protocols<br />
SKU Stock Keeping Unit (Artikelnummer)<br />
SL Second Life<br />
SL Session Layer<br />
SL Shading/Specification Language<br />
SL Slave<br />
SLA Sealed Lead Acid (Battery)<br />
SLA Service Level Agreement<br />
SLA Site Level Aggregation/Aggregator<br />
SLAC Stanford Linear Accelerator Center<br />
SLAP Sounds Like A Plan (Slang)<br />
SLAPI Salutation Application Programming Interface<br />
SLC Second Level Cache<br />
SLC Single Level Cell<br />
SLC Synchronous Link Control<br />
SLD Second/Sub Level Domain<br />
SLDRAM Synchronous Link Dynamic RAM<br />
SLED Single Large Expensive Disk<br />
SLED Software Life Cycle Experience Database (DACS)<br />
SLED Suse Linux Enterprise Desktop<br />
SLES Suse Linux Enterprise Server<br />
SLI Scalable Link Interface/Interleave<br />
SLI Scanline Interleave<br />
SLI System Level Integration<br />
SLIAA Scalable Link Interface Anti-Aliasing<br />
407
408ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
SLIP Serial Line Interface Protocol (Internet)<br />
SLIP Symmetric List Processor<br />
SLIT System Locality Distance Information Table<br />
SLM Salutation Manager<br />
SLOC Source Lines Of Code<br />
SLOS SuSE Linux Office Server<br />
SLP School License Program<br />
SLP Service Location Protocol<br />
SLP Single Link Protocol<br />
SLP System Load Partition<br />
SLR Scalable Linear Recording<br />
SLS Service Level Specification<br />
SLSI Super Large Scale Integration<br />
SLT Speech and Language Technology<br />
SLU Site Local Use<br />
SLV Single Language Vendor<br />
SLURM Simple Linux Utility for Resource Management<br />
SM Security Management<br />
SM Set Mode<br />
SM Shadow Map<br />
SM Sparse Mode<br />
SM System Management/Manager<br />
SMA Shared Memory Architecture<br />
SMA Sharing with Minimum Allocation<br />
SMA Sub Miniature Assembly (Connector)<br />
SMAC Sensor Media/Medium Access Control<br />
SMACK Simplified Mandatory Access Control Kernel<br />
SMACS Schema Mapping Application Compiler System<br />
SMACS Smart Multi-Access Communication Service<br />
SMACS Stochastic Modelling and Analysis of Communication Systems<br />
SMAE Systems Management Application Entity<br />
SMAP Simple Mail Access Protocol<br />
SMAP System Management Application Process<br />
SMART Self Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology<br />
SMART Software Metering and Resource Tracking<br />
SMASE System Management Application Service Element<br />
SMB Server/Session Message Block<br />
SMB Small and Medium Business<br />
SMB System Management Bus<br />
SMC Secure Messaging Card
409<br />
SMC Standard Microsystems, Inc.<br />
SMCC Sun Microsystems Computer Corp.<br />
SMD Schiffsmeldedienst<br />
SMD Storage Modul Device<br />
SMD Surface Mounted Device<br />
SMDC Server Management Daughter Card<br />
SMDR Station Message Detail Recording<br />
SMDS Switched Multi-Megabit Data Service, USA<br />
SMDSU Switched Multi-Megabit Data Service Unit<br />
SME Subject Matter Expert<br />
SMF Service Management Facility<br />
SMF Simple Message Format<br />
SMF Single Mode Fiber<br />
SMF Standard Midi File<br />
SMF System Manager Facility<br />
SMFA System Management Functional Area<br />
SMG Supermastergroup<br />
SMI Secure Monitor Interrupt<br />
SMI Serial Management Interface<br />
SMI Structure of Management Information<br />
SMI System Management (mode) Interrupt<br />
SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language<br />
SMIME Secure MIME<br />
SMIS Safety/Supply/System Management Information System<br />
SMIS Service Marketing Information System<br />
SMIS Storage Management Initiative Specification<br />
SMIT System Management Interface Tool (IBM)<br />
SMK Software Migration Kit<br />
SML Simple Macro Language<br />
SML Simple Mailing List<br />
SML Simplified Markup Language<br />
SML Standard Math Library<br />
SML Standard Metalanguage<br />
SMLT Split Multi Link Trunking<br />
SMM Start of Manual Message<br />
SMM System Management Mode<br />
SMO Social Memory Organizer<br />
SMON Switched Monitoring Network<br />
SMOP Small/Simple Matter Of Programming<br />
SMP Simple Management Protocol (Internet)
410ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
SMP Standard Message Package (Apple)<br />
SMP Standby Monitor Presence<br />
SMP Symmetrical/Synchronous Multi-Processing<br />
SMP SONET Physical Layer Mapping<br />
SMPS Switching Mode Power Supply (Schaltnetzteil)<br />
SMPTE Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, USA<br />
SMR Signal to Mask Ration<br />
SMS Satellite Multi-Service System<br />
SMS Service/Security Management Station/System<br />
SMS Short Message Service<br />
SMS Software Management System<br />
SMS Storage Management Services<br />
SMS Subsystem Management Service (OSF)<br />
SMS System Management Server<br />
SMSC Short Message Service Center<br />
SMSCB Short Message Service Cell Broadcast<br />
SMSI Sommet Mondial de la Societe de l’Information<br />
SMSMO SMS Mobile Station Originated<br />
SMSMT SMS Mobile Station Terminated<br />
SMSP Storage Management Services Protocol<br />
SMT Simultaneous Multi Texturing<br />
SMT Simultaneous/Symmetrical Multithreading (Technology)<br />
SMT Station Management<br />
SMT Surface Mounted Technology<br />
SMTI Systems Management Tools Initiative<br />
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (Internet)<br />
SMTPE Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers<br />
SMU System Management Utility<br />
SMUX SNMP Multiplexing Protocol<br />
SMXQ Sharing with Maximum Queues<br />
SN Sequence Number<br />
SN Signal/Noise, S/N (ratio)<br />
SN Subscriber Number<br />
SNA Systems Network Architecture (IBM)<br />
SNACP SNA Control Protocol<br />
SNADS SNA Distribution Services<br />
SNAFU Situation Normal All Fed/Fucked Up (Slang)<br />
SNAP Streamlined Network Accelerated Protocol<br />
SNAP Subnetwork Access/Attachement Point/Protocol<br />
SNAPI Soft Switch Network Application Programming Interface
411<br />
SNCP Single Node Control Point<br />
SNCP System Services Control Point<br />
SNCS Secure Network Computer Server<br />
SNF Server Natural/Normal Format<br />
SNF Session Sequence Number Field<br />
SNI Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme AG, Paderborn<br />
SNI Subscriber Network Identifier/Interface<br />
SNIA Storage Networking Industry Association<br />
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol (Internet)<br />
SNMPV2 Simple Network Management Protocol Version 2 (Internet)<br />
SNOBOL String Oriented Symbolic Language<br />
SNP Sequence Number Protection<br />
SNPP Simple Network Paging Protocol<br />
SNR Saved Number Redial<br />
SNR Serial Number<br />
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio<br />
SNRM Set Normal Response Mode<br />
SNRME Set Normal Response Mode Extended<br />
SNS Session Network Services<br />
SNVT Standard Network Variable Type<br />
SO Shift Out<br />
SO Small Outline<br />
SO Supporting Organization<br />
SOA Service Order Activation<br />
SOA Service Oriented Architecture<br />
SOA Start Of (zone of) Authority (DNS)<br />
SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol<br />
SOB Start Of Block<br />
SOB Statement Of Boredom<br />
SOC System On a Chip<br />
SODIMM Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module<br />
SOE Standard Operating Environment<br />
SOFL Structured Object-Oriented Formal Language<br />
SOG Sync On Green<br />
SOGT Senior Officials Group on Telecommunications<br />
SOH Section Overhead<br />
SOH Start of Header/Heading<br />
SOHO Small Office, Home Office<br />
SOI Silicon On Insulator<br />
SOIF Summary Object Interchange Format
412ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
SOIP Storage Over IP<br />
SOL Seniors/Senioren On Line<br />
SOL Siemens Optical Link<br />
SOL Simulation Oriented Language<br />
SOL Special Object Library<br />
SOLAS (International Convention for the) Safety Of Life At Sea<br />
SOM Start Of Message<br />
SOM System Object Model (IBM)<br />
SONET Synchronous Optical Network<br />
SONETT Soziales Netz Telecommunikation<br />
SOP Same Origin Policy<br />
SOP Service Object Pair<br />
SOP Standard Operating Procedure<br />
SORBS Spam and Open Relay Blocking System<br />
SOS Silicon On Sapphire<br />
SOS Sophisticated Operating System<br />
SOS Start Of Significance<br />
SOSI Shift Out Shift In<br />
SOSIG Social Science Information Gateway<br />
SOTIS Self-Organizing Traffic Information System<br />
SOUP Simple Offline Usenet Packet<br />
SOUT Serial Data Out<br />
SOX Sound Exchange (File)<br />
SP Segment Priority<br />
SP Service Provider<br />
SP Space (Leertaste)<br />
SP Stack Pointer<br />
SP Strict Priority<br />
SP System Program<br />
SPA Secure Password Authentication<br />
SPA Service Point Application<br />
SPA Simple Power Analysis<br />
SPA Software Publishers’ Association<br />
SPADA Sprache und Daten<br />
SPAG Standards Promotion and Application Group (OSI)<br />
SPAM Send Phenomenal Amounts of Mail, Shit Posing As Mail (Slang)<br />
SPAN Services and Protocols for Advanced Networks<br />
SPAN Switched Port Analyzer<br />
SPAP Shiva Password Authentication Protocol<br />
SPARC Scalable Processor Architecture
413<br />
SPB Synchronous Pipelined Bus<br />
SPC SCSI Primary Commands<br />
SPC Small Peripheral Controller<br />
SPC Statistical Process Control<br />
SPC Stored Program Control<br />
SPC Sub-Process Control<br />
SPD Scalable Performance Data<br />
SPD Secondary Pool Descriptor<br />
SPD Secure Payload Database<br />
SPD Security Policy Database<br />
SPD Selective Packet Delay<br />
SPD Senior Program Developer<br />
SPD Serial Poll Disable<br />
SPD Serial Port Data<br />
SPD Serial Presence Detect<br />
SPD Sharable Private Disk<br />
SPD Silicon Photo Diode<br />
SPD Silicon Pixel Detector<br />
SPD Simple Pattern Detection<br />
SPD Simplified Printer Description<br />
SPD Single Programming Document<br />
SPD Software/System Preliminary Design<br />
SPD Software Product Description<br />
SPD Software Products Division<br />
SPD Spectral Power Density/Distribution<br />
SPD Speed<br />
SPD Sponsored Program Development<br />
SPD Spool Positioning Device<br />
SPD Storage Pool Deficiency<br />
SPD Structured Program Developmenr<br />
SPD Summary Program Description<br />
SPD Surge Protection/Protector Device<br />
SPDA Supplier Data Program<br />
SPDEEPROMSerial Presence Detect Electrically Erasable Programmable Re<br />
SPDIF Sony and Philips Digital Interconnect/Interface Format<br />
SPDL Standard Page Description Language<br />
SPDN Shared Private Data Network<br />
SPDT Single-Pole Double-Throw (Relay)<br />
SPDU Session Protocol Data Unit<br />
SPE Superparamagnetic Effect
414ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
SPE Symbolic Programming Environment<br />
SPE Synchronous Payload Envelope<br />
SPE Synergistic Processor/Processing Element<br />
SPEC Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation<br />
SPF Security/Sender Policy Framework<br />
SPF Sender Permitted From (obsolet)<br />
SPF Shortest Path First<br />
SPF System Programming Facility<br />
SPG Service Protocol Gateway<br />
SPI SCSI-3 Parallel Interface<br />
SPI Security Parameter Index<br />
SPI Serial Peripheral Interface<br />
SPI Server Programming Interface<br />
SPI Service Provider Interface<br />
SPI Software in the Public Interest, Inc.<br />
SPI Stateful Packet Inspection<br />
SPI Symbolic Probabilistic Inference<br />
SPICE Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis<br />
SPICE Spacecraft, Planet, Instruments, C Matrix, Events<br />
SPIFF Still Picture Interchange File Format<br />
SPIM Spam over Instant Messaging<br />
SPINE Shared Program Information Network<br />
SPIT Spam over Internet Telephony<br />
SPK Software Porting Kit<br />
SPKM Simple Public Key GSS-API Mechanism<br />
SPL Spooler/Spooling<br />
SPLD Simple Programmable Logic Device<br />
SPM Session Protocol Machine<br />
SPM System Performance Monitor (IBM)<br />
SPMD Single Program Multiple Data<br />
SPML Service Provisioning Markup Language<br />
SPMP Software Project Management Plan<br />
SPMS Software Project Management System<br />
SPN Service Principal Name<br />
SPNR Special People Numbers Registry<br />
SPOC Search And Rescue Point Of Contact<br />
SPOF Single Point Of Failure<br />
SPOOL Simultaneous Peripherals Operation On Line<br />
SPOT Single Point Of Truth<br />
SPOT Systeme Pour l’Observation de la Terre
415<br />
SPP Scalable Parallel Processing<br />
SPP Sequenced/Sequential Packet Protocol<br />
SPP Serial Port Profile<br />
SPP Standard Parallel Port<br />
SPPI Structure of Policy Provisioning Information<br />
SPR Software Performance Report<br />
SPS Secure Packet Shield<br />
SPS Session Presentation Services<br />
SPS Speicherprogrammierte Steuerung<br />
SPS Standard Positioning Service/System<br />
SPS Standby Power System<br />
SPSI Spots Per Square Inch<br />
SPT Sectors Per Track<br />
SPT Shortest Processing Time<br />
SPU Shader Processing Unit<br />
SPU Sound Processing Unit<br />
SPU Synergistic Processor Unit<br />
SPV Semipermanente Verbindung<br />
SPV Sound, Pictures, Video<br />
SPV Sparsed Pixel Vectorization<br />
SPWG Standard Panels Working Group (VESA)<br />
SPX Secured/Sequenced/Sequential Packet/Protocol Exchange<br />
SQ Signal Quality<br />
SQ Signal-Quantisierungsgeräusch<br />
SQA Safety/Software Quality Assurance<br />
SQCIF Sub Quarter Common Intermediate Format<br />
SQE Signal Quality Error (SQE Test, heartbeat, Ethernet)<br />
SQID Superconducting Quantum Interference Device<br />
SQL Squelch<br />
SQL Standard/Structured Query Language<br />
SQUID Source Quench Introduced Delay<br />
SR Sampling/Send Rate<br />
SR Session Reliability<br />
SR Signalling Rate Selector<br />
SR Shift Register<br />
SR Source Routing<br />
SRAM Shadow/Static Random Access Memory<br />
SRAT System Resource Affinity Table<br />
SRB Source Route Bridging (IBM)<br />
SRB Storage Resource Broker
416ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
SRC Sampling Rate Converter<br />
SRC Source<br />
SRC System Resource Controller<br />
SRD Screen Reader System<br />
SRD Secondary Received Data<br />
SRD Short Range Device<br />
SREJ Selective Reject<br />
SRES Signed Result<br />
SRF Streaming Register File<br />
SRI Stanford Research Institute, USA<br />
SRL Structural Return Loss<br />
SRL Subject Restriction List<br />
SRM Send Routing Message<br />
SRM Shared Resource Manager<br />
SRMA Split-Channel Reservation Multiple Access<br />
SRMP Spider Remote Monitoring Protocol<br />
SRO Sharable and Read Only (memory)<br />
SRP Security Rollup Package (Microsoft)<br />
SRPI Server-Requester Programming Interface<br />
SRQ Service Request<br />
SRR Search and Rescue Region<br />
SRR Secondary Receiver Ready<br />
SRS Secondary Request to Send<br />
SRS Sender Rewriting Scheme<br />
SRS Shared Registry System<br />
SRS Sound Retrieval System<br />
SRT Secure Request Technology<br />
SRT Shortest Remaining Time<br />
SRT Shuttle Radar Topography (Mission)<br />
SRT Source Route/Routing Transparent<br />
SRTP Secure Realtime Transport Protocol<br />
SRTS Secondary Request To Send<br />
SRUC Split Reservation Upon Collision<br />
SRV Server<br />
SS Sampled Servo<br />
SS Seed/Stack Segment<br />
SS Select Standby<br />
SS Single Shift/Sided<br />
SS Storage Server<br />
SS7 Signalling System No. 7
SSA Screened Subnet Architecture<br />
SSA Serial Storage Architecture (IBM)<br />
SSA Static Single Assignment<br />
SSA Sveriges Sändareamatörer<br />
SSB Schwäbischer Standard-Benchmark<br />
SSB Single Sideband<br />
SSBA Suite Synthetique des Benchmarks de l’AFFU<br />
SSC SCSI Stream Commands<br />
SSC Symantec System Center<br />
SSCC Serial Shipping Container Code<br />
SSCF Service Specific Coordination Function<br />
SSCOP Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol<br />
SSCP System Services Control Point/Program<br />
SSCS Service Specific Convergence Sublayer<br />
SSD Schwartz Sequential Dropping<br />
SSD Secondary Send Data<br />
SSD Solid State Disk<br />
SSDA Synchronous Serial Data Adapter<br />
SSDC Stack Segment Descriptor Cache<br />
SSDP Simple Service Discovery Protocol<br />
SSDT System Service Descriptor Table<br />
SSE Streaming SIMD Extensions<br />
SSEC Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (IBM)<br />
SSEM System Security Engineering Management<br />
SSF Service Switching Function<br />
SSF Structured Fax File<br />
SSFDC Solid State Floppy Disc Card<br />
SSGA System Support Gate Array<br />
SSH Secure Shell<br />
SSI SCSI Serial Interface<br />
SSI Server Side Include<br />
SSI Single System Image<br />
SSI Small Scale Integration<br />
SSID Secondary Station Identifier<br />
SSID Service Set Identifier<br />
SSIMM Single RAS SIMM<br />
SSL Schüler, Studenten, Lehrer<br />
SSL Secondary System Loader<br />
SSL Secure Server Line<br />
SSL Secure Sockets Layer<br />
417
418ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
SSM Source Specific Multicast<br />
SSM Storage System Manager<br />
SSMA Spread Spectrum Multiple Access<br />
SSN Secure Server Network<br />
SSO Single Sign On<br />
SSO System Security Officer<br />
SSP Sender Signing Practices<br />
SSP Serial Storage Protocol<br />
SSP Service Switching Point<br />
SSP Switch-to-Switch Protocol<br />
SSP System Service/Support Processor<br />
SSR Scalable Sampling Rate<br />
SSR Secondary Surveillance Radar<br />
SSR Small Screen Rendering (Opera)<br />
SSR Sum of Squared Residuals<br />
SSR Super Self Refresh<br />
SSRC Synchronization Source Identifier<br />
SSS Switching Subsystem<br />
SST Self Service Terminal<br />
SST Simple SIPP Transition<br />
SSTP Screened Shielded Twisted Pair<br />
SSTV Slow Scan Television<br />
SSU Session Support Utility (DEC)<br />
SSW Schnittstellenwandler<br />
ST Segment Type<br />
ST Send Timing<br />
ST Service Ticket<br />
ST Straight Tip (Connector)<br />
ST Stream Protocol<br />
STA SCSI Trade Association<br />
STA Secure Ticket Authority<br />
STA Spanning Tree Algorithm<br />
STA Station<br />
STACK Start Acknowledgement<br />
STAR Self Defining Text Archival<br />
STAR Self Test And Repair<br />
STAR Self Tuning Architecture<br />
STAR Simultaneous Transmit And Receive<br />
STAR Stateful Assured Routing<br />
STAR Stop Talking And Read (Slang)
419<br />
STAR Storage And Retrieval<br />
STAX Streaming API for XML<br />
STB Set Top Box<br />
STC Set Top Computer<br />
STC Subtechnical Committee (ETSI)<br />
STD Secondary Transmitted Data<br />
STD Standard<br />
STD State Transition Diagram<br />
STD Subscriber Trunk Dialing<br />
STD Suspend To Disc<br />
STDA StreetTalk Directory Assistance (Banyan)<br />
STDM Statistical/Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing<br />
STE Signalling Terminal<br />
STEP Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data<br />
STF Specialist Task Force<br />
STGO Start Tag Open<br />
STID Secure Table Identifier<br />
STK Software Translation Kit<br />
STL Standard Template Library<br />
STM Science, Technology, Medicine<br />
STM Station/Storage Management<br />
STM Streams Manager<br />
STM Synchronous Transfer/Transport Mode/Modul<br />
STMF State Management Function<br />
STN Scientific & Technical Information Network, Karlsruhe<br />
STN Super Twisted Nematic Field Effective Material<br />
STO Strategic Technology Office<br />
STOA Science/Scientific and Technology/Technological Options Asses<br />
STOE Störung<br />
STOMP Streaming Text Oriented Messaging Protocol<br />
STOMP Systematic Test Of Multiplatform Product<br />
STONE Structured and Open Environment<br />
STP Shielded Twisted Pair<br />
STP Signal Transfer Point<br />
STP Spanning Tree Protocol<br />
STP Straight Through Processing<br />
STR Suspend To RAM<br />
STR Synchronous Transmitter Receiver<br />
STRIDE Spoofing, Tampering, Repudiation, Information disclosure, Den<br />
STRIP Starmode Radio IP
420ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
STRT Start Initialization<br />
STS Semi-Thue-System<br />
STS Station to Station Protocol<br />
STS Synchronous Transfer/Transport Signal<br />
STT Secure Transaction Technology<br />
STT Spin Torque Transfer (RAM)<br />
STU Schere-Tippex-Uhu (-Verfahren)<br />
STUN Simple Traversal of UDP through NAT<br />
STUSS Simply Time-consuming Unsolicited Superfluous Speaking (Slang)<br />
STX Start of Text<br />
SU Switching Unit<br />
SUB Subaddressing<br />
SUB Substitute/Substitutability<br />
SUB Systemunabhängige Betriebsführungstechnik<br />
SUDS Software Update and Distribution System<br />
SUG Sun User Group<br />
SUIT Simple User Interface Toolkit<br />
SUM Simple User Model<br />
SUMR Satellite User Mapping Register<br />
SUN Stanford University Network<br />
SUPL Secure User Plane<br />
SURANET Southeastern Universities Research Association Network<br />
SURE Scalability, Usability, Reliability, Economy<br />
SUS Single UNIX Specification<br />
SUS Software Update Services (Microsoft)<br />
SUSP System Use Sharing Protocol<br />
SUTP Screened Unshielded Twisted Pair<br />
SUUG Soviet UNIX User Group<br />
SV Standortverteiler<br />
SVAPI Scan View API<br />
SVC Supervisor Call<br />
SVC Switched Virtual Call/Channel/Circuit/Connection<br />
SVCC Switched Virtual Channel Connection<br />
SVCD Super Video Compact Disc<br />
SVD Simultaneous Voice and Data<br />
SVD Single Value Decomposition<br />
SVF Simple Vector Format<br />
SVG Scalable Vector Graphics<br />
SVGA Super Video Graphics Array<br />
SVHS Super Video Home System
421<br />
SVID Unix System V Interface Definition<br />
SVM Support Vector Machine<br />
SVN Subversion (a Version Control System)<br />
SVP Scan-line Video Processor<br />
SVPN Secure Virtual Private Network<br />
SVR Session-based Virtual Route<br />
SVR4 UNIX System V Release 4<br />
SVV Segment Variability Value<br />
SVVS UNIX System V Validation Suite<br />
SW schwarz-weiss<br />
SW Short Wave<br />
SW Software<br />
SW Status Word<br />
SWAN Secure Wide Area Network<br />
SWAP Shared Wireless Application Protocol<br />
SWAT Samba Web Administration Tool<br />
SWB Software Bus<br />
SWBG Subtract With Borrow (random number) Generator<br />
SWERC South Western Europe Regional (ACM Programming) Contest<br />
SWF Scheduled Workflow<br />
SWF Shockwave Flash (File Format)<br />
SWF Short Wave Fading<br />
SWF Small Web File/Format<br />
SWF Staff Working File<br />
SWF Surface Wave Field<br />
SWIB Suchdienst Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken<br />
SWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication<br />
SWIFT Software Implemented Fault Tolerance<br />
SWIFT System for Wireless Information Forwarding and Teledistribut<br />
SWIM Super Wozniak Integrated Machine<br />
SWING Subscriber Wireless Network Gateway<br />
SWISH Simple Web Indexing System for Humans<br />
SWIW So Weit Ich Weiss (AFAIK) (Slang)<br />
SWL Short Wave Laser/Listener<br />
SWP Semantic Web Publishing<br />
SWP Semi-orthogonal Wavelet Packet<br />
SWP Shortest Widest Path<br />
SWP Simple Web Printing<br />
SWP Single-Wafer Processing<br />
SWP Software Package/Program
422ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
SWP Surface Wave Propagation<br />
SWP Swap (file, partition)<br />
SWP Swisscom Workplace<br />
SWR Standing Wave Ratio<br />
SWS Scientific Workstation<br />
SWS Silly Window Syndrom<br />
SWT Shockwave Template<br />
SWT Softwaretechnik<br />
SWT Standard Widget Toolkit<br />
SX Simplex<br />
SXE Safe Execution Environment<br />
SXGA Super Extended Graphics Array<br />
SXXM Unextended Numbering Set Mode<br />
SYLK Symbolic Link Format (Microsoft)<br />
SYN Synchonizing Segment<br />
SYN Synchronous Idle<br />
SYSOP System Operator<br />
T Telecomm, Telephone, Terminal, Text, Time<br />
T Taktleitung<br />
T Transmit Data<br />
TA Terminaladapter, Informationstechnische Anschlussdose<br />
TA Traffic Announcement<br />
TA Transmitter Address<br />
TAB Tabulator<br />
TAB Technical Advisory Board<br />
TABD Transatlantic Business Dialogue<br />
TABYAS Thinking All But You Are Stupid (Slang)<br />
TAC Terminal Access Control/Controller<br />
TAC Transparent Audio Coding<br />
TAC Type Approval Code<br />
TACACS Terminal Access Controller Access Control System<br />
TACC Texas Advanced Computing Center, USA<br />
TACS Total Access Communications<br />
TAD Telephone Answering Device<br />
TADS Text Adventure Development System<br />
TAE Telekommunikations-Anschluss-Einheit<br />
TAFN That’s All For Now (Slang)<br />
TAG Technology Advisors Group
423<br />
TAG Text And Graphics<br />
TAG Tiny Aggregation<br />
TAGC Tag Close Delimiter<br />
TAI Temps Atomique International<br />
TAL Teilnehmeranschlussleitung<br />
TAL Template Attribute Language<br />
TALES Template Attribute Language Expression Syntax<br />
TAM Telefon, Anrufbeantworter, Modem<br />
TAM Telephone Answering Machine<br />
TAN Total Area Network<br />
TAN Transaction Number<br />
TANJ There Ain’t No Justice (Slang)<br />
TANSTAAFLThere Ain’t No Such Things As A Free Lunch (Slang)<br />
TAO Telephony Application Object<br />
TAO The ACE ORB<br />
TAO Track At Once<br />
TAO Traduction Assistee par Ordinateur<br />
TAOCP The Art Of Computer Programming (D. Knuth)<br />
TAP Telcom Advantage Packaging<br />
TAP Telecator Alphanumeric Protocol<br />
TAP Terminal Access Point<br />
TAP Test Access Port<br />
TAPI Telephony Application Programming Interface (Intel, Microsof<br />
TAPR Tucson Amateur Packet Radio Group<br />
TAR Tape Archive (Format)<br />
TARFU Things Are Really Fouled Up (Slang)<br />
TAS Telephone Answering Service<br />
TASI Time-Assignment Speech Interpolation<br />
TAU Test Access Unit<br />
TAV Test, Analyse, Verifikation (von Software)<br />
TAXI Transparent Asynchronous Transceiver Interface<br />
TBB Threading Building Blocks (Intel)<br />
TBC Time Base Corrector<br />
TBETSI Technischer Beirat für Normungsfragen des ETSI<br />
TBF Technisch betriebliche Funktionsbedingungen<br />
TBH To Be Honest (Slang)<br />
TBL Technik für Betriebslenkung<br />
TBL Tim Berners-Lee<br />
TBO Total Benefits of Ownership<br />
TBRPF Topology dissemination Based on Reverse Path Forwarding
424ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
TBT Truncated Binary Tree<br />
TC Technical Committee/Corrigendum<br />
TC Telecine<br />
TC Transform Coding<br />
TC Transmission Control/Convergence<br />
TC Treatment Code<br />
TC Trust Center<br />
TCA Telecommunications Carrier Association<br />
TCA Tightly Coupled Architecture<br />
TCA Traffic Conditioning Agreement<br />
TCAP Transaction Capability Application Part<br />
TCB Trouble Came Back<br />
TCB Trusted Computer/Computing Base<br />
TCCC IEEE Technical Committee on Computer Communications<br />
TCE Transmission Control Element<br />
TCF Transparent Computing Facility<br />
TCFS Transparent Cryptographic File System<br />
TCG Trusted Computing Group<br />
TCH Traffic Channel<br />
TCI Tag Control Information<br />
TCIF Telecommunications Industry Forum, USA<br />
TCL Tool Command Language<br />
TCM Terminal Controller Module<br />
TCM Time Compression Multiplexing<br />
TCM Trellis Code Modulation<br />
TCMP Tightly Coupled Multiprocessor System<br />
TCNG Traffic Control Next Generation<br />
TCNS Thomas Conrad Networking System<br />
TCO Tjänstemännens Centralorganisation (Schweden)<br />
TCO Total Cost of Ownership<br />
TCOS IEEE Technical Committee on Operating Systems<br />
TCP Tape Carrier Package<br />
TCP TeX Code Page<br />
TCP Transmission Control Protocol/Program (Internet)<br />
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, TCP/IP (Internet<br />
TCPA Time of Closest Point of Approach<br />
TCPA Trusted Computing Platform Alliance/Architecture<br />
TCQ Tagged Command Queuing<br />
TCR Telephone Conversation Record<br />
TCS Telephony Control Specification
425<br />
TCS Terminating Call Screening<br />
TCSB Traffic Control State Block<br />
TCSEC Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (Orange Book)<br />
TCT The Coroner’s Toolkit<br />
TCU Transmission Control Unit<br />
TCW Tagged Control Word<br />
TD Transmit Data<br />
TDA Tactile Digital Assaistant<br />
TDA Telediffusion d’Algerie<br />
TDA Temporal Data Authority<br />
TDA Terminal Data Adapter<br />
TDA To Do Archive<br />
TDA Tracking and Data Acquisition<br />
TDA Traffic Data Acquisition<br />
TDA Transition Data Analysis<br />
TDA Transmitted/Transported Data<br />
TDA Tunnel Diode Amplifier<br />
TDAB Terrestrial Digital Audio Broadcasting, T-DAB<br />
TDAC Time Domain Aliasing Cancellation<br />
TDB Trivial Data Base<br />
TDC Transparent/Tranportation Data Channel<br />
TDCC Transportation Data Coordinating Committee<br />
TDD Telecommunication Device for the Deaf<br />
TDD Time Division Duplex<br />
TDDSG Teledienstedatenschutzgesetz<br />
TDDSGDVOTeledienstedatenschutzgesetzdurchführungsverordnung<br />
TDE Telescript Development Environment<br />
TDES Triple Data Encryption Standard<br />
TDF Telediffusion de France<br />
TDF Telemetry/Tracking Data Formatter<br />
TDF Time Division/Domain Filtering<br />
TDF Title/Trace/Typeface Definition File/Format<br />
TDF Transaction Data File<br />
TDF Transborder/Transnational Data Flow<br />
TDF Transformada De Fourier<br />
TDG Telekommunikations-Dienst-Gesetz, Teledienstegesetz<br />
TDHS Time Domain Harmonic Scaling<br />
TDI Transport Driver Interface<br />
TDL Trusted Devices List<br />
TDM Time Division Multiplexer/Multiplexing
426ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
TDMA Time Division Multiple/Multiplex Access<br />
TDMF Transparent Data Migration Facility<br />
TDP Tag Distribution Protocol<br />
TDP Thermal/Typical Design Power<br />
TDR Time Domain Reflectometer/Reflectometry<br />
TDRS Tracking and Data Relay Satellite<br />
TDS TeX Directory Structure<br />
TDSR Transmitter Data Service Request<br />
TDSV Telekommmunikations-Datenschutz-Verordnung<br />
TDT Terrestrial Dynamic Time<br />
TDU Topology Database Update<br />
TDX Time Domain Crosstalk<br />
TE Terminal Equipment<br />
TE Traffic Engineering<br />
TE Type Enforcement<br />
TEA Tiny Encryption Algorithm<br />
TEB Thread Environment Block<br />
TECO Tape/Text Editor and Corrector<br />
TED Telefonischer Ermittlungsdienst<br />
TEGFET Two-dimensional Electron Gas Field Effect Transistor<br />
TEHO Tail End Hop Off<br />
TEI Terminal Endpoint Identifier<br />
TEI Text Encoding and Interchange<br />
TEI Text Encoding Initiative<br />
TEI Transport Error Indicator<br />
TEL Trans Europe Line<br />
TELEX Telegraph Exchange (Fernschreiben)<br />
TELNET Telecommunications Network<br />
TEMEX Telemetry Exchange<br />
TEMPE Telecommunications and Enterprise Multimedia Platform Environ<br />
TEN Trans European Network<br />
TEP Transequatorial Propagation<br />
TER Terminal Interface<br />
TET Test Environment Toolkit<br />
TETRA Trans European/Terrestrial Trunked Radio (System)<br />
TF Task Force<br />
TF Term Frequency<br />
TF Trägerfrequenz<br />
TFA Transparent File Access<br />
TFB Terminal Framing Bit/Bits
427<br />
TFB Thin Film Battery<br />
TFB Time Frequency Bus<br />
TFC Thermal Fly-height Control<br />
TFC Traffic Channel<br />
TFD Thin Film Diode<br />
TFDD Text File Device Driver<br />
TFE Türfreisprecheinrichtung<br />
TFEL Thin Film Electroluminescent<br />
TFH Text File/Files from Hell (Slang)<br />
TFH Thanks For Helping (Slang)<br />
TFH Thin Film Head<br />
TFM TeX Font Metric<br />
TFN Tribe Flood Network<br />
TFS Translucent File System (Sun)<br />
TFT Thin Film Transistor (Display)<br />
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol (Internet)<br />
TFTS Terrestrial Flight Telephone System<br />
TFTT Thanks For The Thought (Slang)<br />
TG Target<br />
TG Transmission Group<br />
TGAL Think Globally, Act Locally (Slang)<br />
TGB Tres Grande Bibliotheque<br />
TGIF Thank God It’s Friday (Slang)<br />
TGM Timetable Generation Module<br />
TGN Thesaurus of Geographic Names<br />
TGN Transmission Group Number<br />
TGS Ticket Granting Server/Service<br />
TGT Ticket Granting Ticket<br />
TH Transmission Header<br />
TH Trouble History<br />
THD Technische Hochschule Darmstadt (jetzt TUD), Deutschland<br />
THP Tomlinson Harashima Precoder<br />
THT Through Hole Technology<br />
THT Token Hold/Holding Time/Timer<br />
THWLAIAS The Hour Was Late, And I Am Senile (Slang)<br />
THX Thanks (Slang)<br />
THX Tomlinson Holman’s Experiment<br />
TI Tele Immersion<br />
TI Texas Instruments Inc.<br />
TI Transaction Identifier
428ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
TIA Telecommunications Industries Association<br />
TIA Thanks In Advance (Slang)<br />
TIA Totally Integrated Automation<br />
TIAM Terminal Interactive Access Method<br />
TIB Tag Information Base<br />
TIB Technische Informationsbibliothek, Hannover<br />
TIC Token Ring Interface Coupler<br />
TIC Tongue In Cheek (Slang)<br />
TICF Transport Independent Convergence for FNA<br />
TID Target Identifier<br />
TIDSV Telekommunikations- und Informationsdienstunternehmen-Daten<br />
TIE Time Interval Error<br />
TIES Telecom Information Exchange Services, Genf<br />
TIES Time-Independent Escape Sequence<br />
TIF Tag Image Format<br />
TIFF Tag/Tagged Image File Format<br />
TIG Terminal Internet Gateway<br />
TIGA Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture<br />
TIL Technical Information Library<br />
TIM Thermal Interface Material<br />
TIM Traffic Indication Map/Message<br />
TINAR This Is Not A Recommendation/Review (Slang)<br />
TINC There Is No Cabal (Slang)<br />
TINS This Is No Shit (Slang)<br />
TINWIS That Is Not What I Said (Slang)<br />
TIP Technology Integration Program<br />
TIP Terminal IMP<br />
TIP Terminal Interface Processor<br />
TIP Terminal Internet Protocol<br />
TIP Transputer Image Processing<br />
TIPC Telecommunications Information Privacy Code<br />
TIPC Total Information Processing<br />
TIPC Transparent Inter Process Communication<br />
TIPC Transputer Image Processing<br />
TIPHON Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization over Ne<br />
TIRPC Transport Independent Remote Procedure Call<br />
TISE Take It Somewhere Else (Slang)<br />
TK Telekommunikation<br />
TKG Telekommunikationsgesetz<br />
TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
TKO Telekommunikationsordnung<br />
TKÜV Telekommunikations-Überwachungsverordnung<br />
TKV Telekommunikations-Kundenschutzverordnung<br />
TKZULV Telekommunikationszulassungsverordnung<br />
TL Transport Layer<br />
TLA Temporal Logic of Actions<br />
TLA Three Letter Acronym<br />
TLA Top Level Aggregator<br />
TLAB Translation Look Aside Buffer<br />
TLAP Token Talk Link Access Protocol<br />
TLB Translation Look Aside Buffer<br />
TLC Target Language Compiler<br />
TLD Top Level Domain<br />
TLDP The Linux Documentation Project<br />
TLER Time Limited Error Recovery<br />
TLGE The Little Golem Editor<br />
TLH Top Level Hierarchy<br />
TLI Transport/Transfer Layer/Library Interface<br />
TLK Trusted Linux Kernel<br />
TLM Telemetry (word)<br />
TLN Telephone/Transfer Line Number<br />
TLN Terminal Location Number<br />
TLN The Learning/Library/Local Network<br />
TLN Too Late Now (Slang)<br />
TLN Transnational Learning Network<br />
TLN Trunk Line Network<br />
TLNKG Teilnehmerkennung (NUI)<br />
TLQ Top Letter Quality<br />
TLS Transport Layer Security<br />
TLS Three Level Scheduling<br />
TLT Teaching, Learning, and Technology<br />
TLT Temporal Logic of Transitions<br />
TLU Table Lookup<br />
TLV Tag, Length, Value<br />
TM Tape/Trade Mark<br />
TM Terminal Multiplexer<br />
TM Test Mode<br />
TM Traffic Management<br />
TM Transaction Monitor<br />
TM Turing Machine<br />
429
430ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
TMA Telecom Management<br />
TMA Telecommunication Managers’ Association<br />
TMA Telekom Malaysia<br />
TMA Thinfilm Micromirror Array<br />
TMA Timeseries Moving Average<br />
TMA Tivoli Management Agent<br />
TMA Trusted Mail Agent<br />
TMAC Telex Multimedia Audio Communication<br />
TMAC Tool Monitor Adaptive Control<br />
TMC Traffic Message Channel<br />
TMD Time Division Multiplexing<br />
TMDS Transition Minimized Differential Signal<br />
TME Tetra Meldeempfänger<br />
TME Tivoli Management Environment<br />
TMG Telemediengesetz<br />
TMM Testing Maturity Model<br />
TMN Telecom Managed Network<br />
TMN Telecommunications Management Network<br />
TMO Thermal Magnetic Optical<br />
TMP Temporary<br />
TMR Triple Modular Redundancy<br />
TMR Tunnel/Tunneling Magnetoresistance<br />
TMRC Tech Model Railroad Club<br />
TMS Truth Maintenance System<br />
TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity<br />
TMSL Test and Measurement Systems Language<br />
TMTO Time Memory Trade Off<br />
TMTOWTDIThere’s More Than One Way To Do It (Slang)<br />
TN TelNet<br />
TN Twisted Nematic (panel)<br />
TNA Temex-Netzabschluss<br />
TNB Teilnehmernetzbetreiber<br />
TNB Telekommunikationsnetz-Betreiber<br />
TNC Terminal Node Controller<br />
TND (Directie) Toezicht Netwerken en Diensten (NL)<br />
TNFEM Twisted Nematic Field Effective Material<br />
TNHD The New Hackers’s Dictionary<br />
TNN Transport Network Node<br />
TNPC Taiwan New PC Consortium<br />
TNPP Telocator Network Paging Protocol
TNS Temporal Noise Shaping<br />
TNS Transparent Network Substrate<br />
TNV Total Network Visibility<br />
TNX Thanks (Slang)<br />
TO Timeout<br />
TOA Type Of Address<br />
TOC Table Of Content/Contents<br />
TOD Time Of Day<br />
TODO (kein Akronym, to do = noch zu erledigen)<br />
TOE TCP/IP Offload Engine<br />
TOEIC Test of English for International Communication<br />
TOF Task Oriented Forms<br />
TOF Top of Form<br />
TOFU Text Oben, Fullquote Unten (Slang)<br />
TOI T-Online International AG<br />
TOJ Tears Of Joy (Slang)<br />
TOL T-Online<br />
TOM T-Online Messenger<br />
TOP Table Of Pages<br />
TOP Technical and Office Protocol<br />
TOPFET Temperature and Overload Protected FET<br />
TOR Telex Over Radio<br />
TOR The Onion Router<br />
TOS Tape Operating System<br />
TOS The/Tramiel’s Operating System<br />
TOS Top Of Stack<br />
TOS Type Of Service<br />
TOUR Transport Optional Upgrade Release<br />
TP Technology Preview<br />
TP Tiefpass<br />
TP Traffic Program<br />
TP Transaction Processing<br />
TP Transport Protocol<br />
TP Turbo PASCAL<br />
TP0 Transport Protocol Class 0 (OSI)<br />
TP4 Transport Protocol Class 4 (OSI)<br />
TPA Transient Program Area<br />
TPC Transaction Processing/Performance Council<br />
TPC Transmit Power Control<br />
TPDDI Twisted Pair Distributed Data Interface<br />
431
432ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
TPDU Transport Protocol Data Unit<br />
TPEP Trusted Product Evaluation Program<br />
TPF The Perl Foundation<br />
TPF Transmission Priority Field<br />
TPH Transport Packet Header<br />
TPI Tag Protocol Identifier<br />
TPI tracks per inch<br />
TPM Terrible/Trusted Platform Module<br />
TPM Third Party Maintenance<br />
TPM Transactions Per Minute<br />
TPM Trusted Platform Module<br />
TPS Third Person Shooter<br />
TPS Transaction Processing System<br />
TPS Transactions Per Second<br />
TPSE Transaction Processing Service Element<br />
TPSN Timing-Sync Protocol for Sensor Networks<br />
TPTB The Powers That Be (Slang)<br />
TPU Text Processing Utility<br />
TPU Transparency Unit<br />
TPU Turbo PASCAL Unit<br />
TQFP Thin Quad Flat Package<br />
TQM Total Quality Management<br />
TR Task Register<br />
TR Technische Richtlinie<br />
TR Terminal Ready<br />
TR Token Ring<br />
TR Travan Cartridge<br />
TR Travel Report<br />
TR Trunk Reservation<br />
TRA Technology Related Anxiety<br />
TRA Telecommunications Research Associates<br />
TRAC Telecommunications Recommendations Application Committee<br />
TRAU Transcoder and Rate Adaption Unit<br />
TRC Tone Reproduction Curve<br />
TRCVR Transmitter-Receiver, Transceiver<br />
TRDMC Tears Running Down My Cheeks (Slang)<br />
TRE Telecommunications Research Establishment, Malvern, England<br />
TREAT Trouble Report Evaluation and Analysis Tool<br />
TREC Text Retrieval Conference<br />
TRIL Token Ring Interoperability Lab
433<br />
TRIP Telephony Routing over IP<br />
TRIPS Tera-op, Reliable, Intelligently adaptive Processing System<br />
TRIPS Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights<br />
TRIZ Teorija Reschenija Isobretatelskich Zadatsch<br />
TRMPWR Terminator Power (Leitung, SCSI)<br />
TRNG True Random Number Generator<br />
TROLI Token Ring Optimized Link Interface<br />
TRON The Realtime Operating System Nucleus<br />
TRT Token Ring Terminal<br />
TRT Token Ring/Rotation Time/Timer<br />
TRX Transmitter-Receiver, Transceiver<br />
TS Telesync<br />
TS Transport Station, Telekom Service<br />
TSA Target Service Agent<br />
TSA Technical Support Alliance, Test Signal Analyser<br />
TSAP Transport Service Access Point (OSI)<br />
TSAPI Telephony Server/Service Application Programming Interface<br />
TSB Technical Service Bulletin<br />
TSC Time Stamp Counter<br />
TSC Transport Scrambling Control<br />
TSCC Technical Standards and Common Criteria<br />
TSCC Technical Support Call/Contact Center<br />
TSCC Techsmith Screen Capture Codec<br />
TSCC Terminal Server Connection Configuration<br />
TSCC Time Slot Control Channel<br />
TSE Text Setup Environment<br />
TSF Timing Synchronization Function<br />
TSM Terminal Server Manager (DEC)<br />
TSM Tivoli Storage Manager<br />
TSO TCP Segmentation Offload<br />
TSO Time Sharing Option (IBM)<br />
TSOHF Total Sense Of Humour Failure (Slang)<br />
TSOP Thin Small Outline Package<br />
TSP Texture and Shading Processor<br />
TSP Time-Stamp Protocol<br />
TSP Travelling Salesman Problem<br />
TSPI Telephony Service Provider Interface<br />
TSPS Traffic Service Position System<br />
TSR Terminate and Stay Resident<br />
TSS Task State Segment
434ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
TSS TCP Support for Sensor Networks<br />
TSS Telecommunications Standardisation/Standards Sector (ITU)<br />
TSS Temex-Schnittstelle<br />
TSS Time Sharing System<br />
TSSDC Task State Segment Descriptor Cache<br />
TST Transmit Start Threshold<br />
TSTN Triple Supertwisted Nematic<br />
TSW Tele-Software<br />
TSWTCM Time Sliding Window Three Colour Marker<br />
TT Terminal Timing<br />
TT Tracing Thread<br />
TT Trunk Type<br />
TTAP Trust Technology Assessment Program<br />
TTBOMK To The Best Of My Knowledge (Slang)<br />
TTCAN Time Triggered Communications Area Network<br />
TTCN Testing and Test Control Notation<br />
TTF Truetype Font, Timetable File<br />
TTFF Time To First Fix (GPS)<br />
TTFN Ta Ta For Now (Slang)<br />
TTI Teaching, Training, and Information<br />
TTL Time To Live<br />
TTL Transistor-Transistor-Logik<br />
TTLS Tunneled Transport Layer Security<br />
TTML Tagged Text Markup Language<br />
TTO Tactical Technology Office<br />
TTP Time Triggered Protocol<br />
TTP Timed Token Protocol<br />
TTP Trusted Third Party<br />
TTRT Target Token Rotation Time/Timer<br />
TTS Text To Speech<br />
TTS Transaction Tracking System<br />
TTT Teleteaching and Training<br />
TTT That’s The Truth (Slang)<br />
TTTN Tandem Tie Trunk Network<br />
TTU Teletex-Telex-Umsetzer<br />
TTUL Talk To You Later (Slang)<br />
TTW Through The Web<br />
TTX Teletex<br />
TTX Videotext<br />
TTXAU Teletex Access Unit
435<br />
TTY Teletype (Fernschreiber)<br />
TTYL Type/Talk To You Later (Slang)<br />
TU Tributary Unit<br />
TUBA TCP and UDP with Big/Bigger Addresses<br />
TUD Technische Universität Darmstadt (ehemals THD), Deutschla<br />
TUEB Temex-Uebertragungsbaugruppe<br />
TUG TeX User Group<br />
TUG Tributary Unit Group<br />
TUHS The UNIX Heritage Society<br />
TUI Text/Touch User Interface<br />
TULIP TCP and UDP over Lightweight IP<br />
TUP Telephone User Port<br />
TUSTEP Tübinger System von Textverarbeitungsprogrammen<br />
TV Television<br />
TVC Transient Virtual Channel<br />
TVI Television Interference<br />
TVOL TV Online Cable Service<br />
TVR Temex-Vermittlungsrechner<br />
TVS Transient Voltage Suppressor<br />
TVST Teilnehmer-Vermittlungsstelle<br />
TVX Valid Transmission Time/Timer<br />
TWAIN Technology Without An Interesting Name<br />
TWINKLE The Weizman Institute Key Locating Engine<br />
TWIRP Two Way Infrared Protocol<br />
TWIU That’s What I Understand/Understood (Slang)<br />
TWSC Team World Service Center<br />
TWX Teletypewriter Exchange Service<br />
TWX Twinax (Cable)<br />
TX Telex (Fernschreiben)<br />
TX transmit, Transmitter<br />
TXC Transmit Clock<br />
TXD Tranmitted Data<br />
TXD Transmitter Delay<br />
TYCLO Turn Your Caps Lock Off (Slang)<br />
TYVM Thank You Very Much (Slang)<br />
U Ultra-, Uniform, Universal, Unix, User<br />
UA Unnumbered Acknowledgement (frame)<br />
UA User Area/Agent (OSI)
436ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
UA Upgrade Advantage<br />
UAA Universally Administered Address<br />
UAAC University Academic Advising Center, USA<br />
UAC Unbalanced Asynchronous Class<br />
UAC User Account Control<br />
UAE Universelle Anschlusseinrichtung<br />
UAE Unrecoverable Application Error<br />
UAF User Authorization File<br />
UAM User Authentication Method/Module<br />
UAP Upper Address Part (Bluetooth)<br />
UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter<br />
UAWG Universal ADSL Working Group<br />
UBB Unified Back Buffer<br />
UBC Unified Buffer Cache<br />
UBC University of British Columbia<br />
UBE Unsolicited Bulk Electronic Mail<br />
UBH Union de Bloggers Hispanos<br />
UBH Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg<br />
UBH Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg<br />
UBH Usenet Binary Harvester<br />
UBHR User Block Handling Routine<br />
UBK Universitätsbibliothek Karlsruhe<br />
UBR Unspecified/Undefined Bit Rate<br />
UC Ubiquitous Computing<br />
UC Universal Code<br />
UC Upper Case<br />
UCAID University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development<br />
UCAR University Corporation for Atmospheric Research<br />
UCB University of California at Berkeley, USA<br />
UCD Uniform Call Distributor<br />
UCD Univention Corporate Desktop<br />
UCE Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Mail<br />
UCF Unregister Confirmation<br />
UCFS Unix Connectivity File Service<br />
UCI Universal Chess Interface<br />
UCIR User Controlled Interactive Retrieval<br />
UCITA Uniform Computer Information Transaction Act<br />
UCL Universal Communications Language<br />
UCL University College London<br />
UCLA University of California at Los Angeles, USA
437<br />
UCO Unstructured Complex Object<br />
UCR Undercolor Removal<br />
UCS Uniform Chromaticity Scale<br />
UCS Univention Corporate Server<br />
UCS Universal Card Slot<br />
UCS Universal Character Set (ISO 10646)<br />
UCSB University of California at Santa Barbara, USA<br />
UCSC University of California at Santa Cruz, USA<br />
UCSD University of California at San Diego, USA<br />
UCSF University of California at San Francisco, USA<br />
UDB Universal Database<br />
UDC User Defined Command<br />
UDDI Universal Description, Discovery and Integration<br />
UDF Uniqueness Database File<br />
UDF Universal Disk Format<br />
UDF User Defined Function<br />
UDI Unified Display/Driver Interface<br />
UDI Universal Document Identifier<br />
UDI Unrestricted Digital Information<br />
UDK Universale Dezimalklassifikation<br />
UDLC Universal Data Link Control<br />
UDLI Unified Design Language for Integrated Circuits, UDL/I<br />
UDM Unternehmensdatenmodell<br />
UDMA Ultra Direct Memory Access<br />
UDO Ultra Density Optical (storage, disc)<br />
UDP Usenet Death Penalty (Slang)<br />
UDP User Datagram Protocol (Internet)<br />
UDP User Defined Protocol<br />
UDRP Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (ICANN)<br />
UDSL Unidirectional/Universal Digital Subscriber Line<br />
UDSV Teledienst-Unternehmen-Datenschutz-Verordnung<br />
UDT User Defined Datatype<br />
UE Unterhaltungs-Elektronik<br />
UEB Übertragungseinheit mit Basisbandverfahren<br />
UEC User Environment Component<br />
UED Unreal Tournament Editor<br />
UED URL Encoded Data<br />
UED User Environment Design<br />
UED User Experience Database/Directory<br />
UEFI Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
438ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
UEG Übertragungseinheit nach ITU G.703<br />
UEI Übertragungseinheit nach ITU I.430<br />
UEM Übertragungseinheit mit Modemverfahren<br />
UEM Universal Energy Management<br />
UEP Übergabepunkt<br />
UEP Unequal Error Protection<br />
UERE User Equivalent Range Error (GPS)<br />
UEV User End of Volume<br />
UFC Ubiquitous Fashionable Computer<br />
UFC Unified File Cache<br />
UFC URL Filter Client<br />
UFC User Filtered Content<br />
UFS Ultra Fast Switching<br />
UFS Universal/UNIX File System<br />
UFS Universal Flash Storage<br />
UG Underrun Goal<br />
UG User Group<br />
UGL Universal Glyph List<br />
UGS Univention Groupware Server<br />
UHC Unified Hangul Code<br />
UHCI Universal Host Controller Interface<br />
UHD User Help Desk<br />
UHF Ultrahigh Frequency (300 MHz – 3 GHz)<br />
UHG Ultrahigh Gain (Antenna)<br />
UHL User Header Label<br />
UHN Unique Home Node<br />
UI UNIX International<br />
UI Unnumbered Information (frame)<br />
UI User Interface<br />
UIAP UNIX International Asia/Pacific<br />
UIC User Identification Code<br />
UIC User Interface Classes<br />
UID Unique/Unix/User Identifier<br />
UIDL Unique Identifier Listing<br />
UIFRAME Unnumbered Information Frame<br />
UIL User Interface Language<br />
UIM User Interface Management<br />
UIML User Interface Markup Language<br />
UIMS User Interface Management System<br />
UIO Userspace Input Output
439<br />
UIPI User Interface Privilege Isolation<br />
UIS User Interface Specification<br />
UIT Union Internationale des Telecommunications<br />
UKW Ultrakurzwelle<br />
UL Underwriters’ Laboratory, Inc.<br />
UL Upload<br />
UL Urban Legend (Slang)<br />
ULA Uncommitted Logic Array<br />
ULA Unique Local Address<br />
ULD Unabhängiges Landeszentrum für Datenschutz, Kiel<br />
ULCPC Ultra Low Cost Personal Computer<br />
UIN Unbreakable Linux Network<br />
UIN Unique Identification Number<br />
UIN Universal Internet Number<br />
ULN Universal Link Negotiation<br />
ULP Unit in the Last Place<br />
ULP Upper Layer Protocol<br />
ULSI Ultra Large Scale Integration<br />
ULSN Ultra Low Speed Networking<br />
ULV Ultra Low Voltage<br />
UM Unified Messaging<br />
UMA Unified/Uniform Memory Access/Architecture<br />
UMA Universal Management Architecture<br />
UMA Unlicensed Mobile Access<br />
UMA Upper Memory Area<br />
UMAC Universal Hashing Message Authentication Code<br />
UMB Upper Memory Block<br />
UMD Universal Media Disc (Sony)<br />
UMI User MAN Interface<br />
UMIT University of Manchester Institute of Technology, UK<br />
UMIT Utilities, Municipalities, and Independent Telcos<br />
UML Unified Modeling Language<br />
UML User Mode Linux<br />
UMM Unidirectional Multipoint to Multipoint<br />
UMM Unix Macro Magician<br />
UMPC Ultra Mobile Personal Computer<br />
UMS Unified Messaging System<br />
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System<br />
UN Unbalanced Normal<br />
UN United Nations
440ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
UNA Upstream Neighbour Address<br />
UNC Unbalanced Normal Class<br />
UNC Uncorrectable (error)<br />
UNC Unique/Universal Naming Convention<br />
UNC University of North Carolina, USA<br />
UNDI Universal Network Device Interface<br />
UNGTDI UN Guidelines for Trade Data Interchange<br />
UNI User Network Interface<br />
UNICOM Universal Integrated Communication System<br />
UNICORE Uniform Interface to Computing Resources<br />
UNICOS UNIX-based Cray Operating System<br />
UNII Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure<br />
UNIVAC Universal Automatic Computer<br />
UNIX (kein Akronym, not an acronym)<br />
UNMA Unified Network Management Architecture<br />
UNO Universal Network Objects<br />
UNSW University of New South Wales, Australia<br />
UP Unambiguous nondeterministic Polynomial time<br />
UP Unnumbered Poll<br />
UP User Plane<br />
UPA Ultra Port Architecture (Sun)<br />
UPA Usability Professionals Association<br />
UPC Universal Printer Controller<br />
UPC Universal Product Code<br />
UPC Usage/User Parameter Control<br />
UPE User Portability Extension<br />
UPGS Unfinished Project Guilt Syndrome<br />
UPI United Press International<br />
UPI Universal Peripheral Interface<br />
UPI Upper Prediction Interval<br />
UPL User Program Language<br />
UPM Unidirectional Point to Multipoint<br />
UPM User Profile Management (IBM)<br />
UPN Umgekehrte Polnische Notation, RPN<br />
UPNP Universal Plug and Play<br />
UPP Unidirectional Point to Point<br />
UPPS Universal Portable Protocol Stack<br />
UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply, USV<br />
UPT Universal Personal Telecommunication (service)<br />
URA Uniform Resource Agent
441<br />
URC Uniform Resource Characterictics/Citation<br />
URD URL Rendezvous Directory<br />
URGC Uniform Reliable Group Communication Protocol<br />
URI Uniform/Universal Resource Identifier<br />
URJ Unregister Reject<br />
URL Universal/Uniform Resource Locator (Internet)<br />
URM Unbegrenzte Registermaschine<br />
URM Universal Retention Module<br />
URN Uniform Resource Name/Number<br />
URQ Unregister Request<br />
URSI Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale<br />
US Unit Separator<br />
USAN University Satellite Network<br />
USART Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter<br />
USB Universal Serial Bus<br />
USB Upper Side Band<br />
USC University of Southern California<br />
USDC US Display Consortium<br />
USF Uplink State Flag<br />
USFF Ultra Slim Form Factor<br />
USG UNIX Support/System Group (Novell)<br />
USIA US Information Agency<br />
USIM Universal Subscriber Identification/Identity Module<br />
USK Unterhaltungssoftwareselbstkontrolle<br />
USKA Union Schweizer Kurzwellenamateure<br />
USL UNIX System Laboratories (AT&T, Novell)<br />
USLE UNIX System Laboratories Europe<br />
USM User-based Security Model<br />
USN Update Sequence Number<br />
USO UNIX Software Operation<br />
USOC Uniform Service Order Code<br />
USRP Universal Software Radio Peripheral<br />
USRT Universal Synchronous Receiver Transmitter<br />
USSA Universal Storage System Architecture<br />
USSD Unstructured Supplementary Service Data<br />
USTA US Telephone Association<br />
USV Unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung, UPS<br />
USW Ultra Short Wave<br />
UT Universal Terminal/Time<br />
UTC Unicode Technical Committee
442ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
UTC Universal Time Coordinated<br />
UTDOA Uplink Time Difference Of Arrival<br />
UTF Unicode Transformation Format (UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32)<br />
UTI Universal Text Interchange<br />
UTL User Trailer Label<br />
UTLB Unified TLB<br />
UTMA Ultra Thin Client Multiple Access<br />
UTNET University of Texas Network<br />
UTP Universal Personal Telephone Service<br />
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair<br />
UTRA UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access<br />
UTRAN UMTS Radio Access Network<br />
UTSL Use The Source, Luke (Slang)<br />
UUCP UNIX to UNIX Copy Program/Protokoll<br />
UUID Unique Universal Identifier (DCE)<br />
UUID Universally Unique Identifier<br />
UULP Unified User Level Protocol<br />
UUS User to User Signalling<br />
UUU Unknown UNIX User (J. Random Hacker?)<br />
UV Ultraviolett<br />
UVC USB Video Class<br />
UVD Unified Video Decoder<br />
UVL User Volume Label<br />
UVP Under-Voltage Protection<br />
UWB Ultra Wide Band<br />
UWG Gesetz gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb<br />
UWM Universal Window Manager<br />
UX Unix (all kinds, BSD + Linux incl.)<br />
UXGA Ultra Extended Graphics Array<br />
V Value, Video, Virtual<br />
V24 V.24(CCITT-Norm für eine serielle Schnittstelle)<br />
V4FSL System V Release 4 File System Layout<br />
VA Vertical Alignment (panel)<br />
VA Virtual Address<br />
VA Volladdierer<br />
VA Vulnerability Assessment<br />
VAB Value Added Business<br />
VACM View-based Access Control Model
443<br />
VAD Value Added Driver/Disaster/Dealer<br />
VAD Value Assignment Delay<br />
VAD Voice Activity Detection/Detector<br />
VADCG Vancouver Amateur Digital Communications Group<br />
VADD Value Added Disk Driver<br />
VADE View, Add, Delete, Edit<br />
VADER View, Add, Delete, Edit, Restore<br />
VADS Value Added Data Service<br />
VADSL Very High Rate Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line<br />
VAFC VESA Advanced Feature Connector<br />
VAL Voice Application Language<br />
VAM Verband der Anbieter von Mobilfunkdiensten, Bonn<br />
VAM Virtual Access Method<br />
VAN Value Added Network<br />
VANS Value Added Network Services<br />
VAP Value Added Process<br />
VAP Virtual Access Point<br />
VAR Value Added Reseller/Retailer<br />
VAS Value Added Service<br />
VASCOM Value Added Services Network Communication<br />
VAST Vector and Array Syntax Translator<br />
VAT Video/Visual Audio Tool<br />
VATM Verband der Anbieter von Telekommunikations- und Mehrwer<br />
VATP Velazquez Application Transfer Protocol<br />
VAX Virtual Address Extension (DEC)<br />
VB Variable Block<br />
VB VESA Bus<br />
VB Virtual Beer<br />
VB Visual Basic<br />
VBA Visual BASIC for Applications (Microsoft)<br />
VBE VESA BIOS Extensions<br />
VBFS Very Big File System<br />
VBG Very Big Grin (Slang)<br />
VBL Vertical Blanking<br />
VBN Vermittelndes/Vermitteltes/Vorläufer Breitbandnetz (Telekom<br />
VBNS Very High Performance/Speed Backbone/Broadband Network<br />
VBR Variable Bit Rate (Encoding)<br />
VBR-NRT Variable Bit Rate - No Real Time<br />
VBR-RT Variable Bit Rate - Real Time<br />
VBS Verteiltes Betriebssystem
444ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
VBS Visual Basic Script<br />
VC Virtual Call/Circuit/Channel/Connection/Container<br />
VCA Voltage Controlled Amplifier<br />
VCC Virtual Channel Connection<br />
VCCI Voluntary Control Council for Interferences<br />
VCD Video Compact Disc<br />
VCD Virtual Communications Driver<br />
VCEG Video Coding Experts Group<br />
VCF Voltage Controlled Filter<br />
VCI Virtual Channel Identifier/Indicator<br />
VCK Virtueller Campus Karlsruhe<br />
VCL Video Coding Layer<br />
VCL Virtual Channel Link<br />
VCL Visual Computing Library<br />
VCLF Virtual (host) Common Logfile Format<br />
VCM Virtual Channel Memory<br />
VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator<br />
VCPI Virtual Control Programm Interface<br />
VCR Video Cassette/Conference Recorder<br />
VCS Virtueller Campus Schweiz<br />
VCS Version/Virus Control System<br />
VCSC Virtual Campus Supercomputing Center<br />
VCSEL Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser<br />
VCSIP Videotex Communication System for Information Providers<br />
VCU Voice Communication Unit<br />
VCX Virtual Component Exchange<br />
VD Voice + Data, V+D<br />
VD Volume Descriptor<br />
VDC Virtual Device Coordinates<br />
VDCW Verband der Deutschen Content Wirtschaft<br />
VDD Virtual Device/Display Driver<br />
VDDM Virtual Device Driver Manager<br />
VDOP Vertical Dilution Of Precision<br />
VDE Verallgemeinertes Darstellungselement<br />
VDE Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker<br />
VDE Video Display Editor<br />
VDE Virtual Distributed Ethernet<br />
VDEW Vereinigung Deutscher Elektrizitätswerke<br />
VDF Variable Data File<br />
VDG Video Display Generator
445<br />
VDI Video Display Interface<br />
VDI Virtual Desktop Infrastructure<br />
VDI Virtual Device Interface<br />
VDM Vienna Development Method<br />
VDM Virtual DOS Machine<br />
VDMSL Vienna Development Method – Semantic Language<br />
VDN Virtual Data Network<br />
VDP Video Datagram Protocol<br />
VDP Video Distribution Profile<br />
VDPI Verein der Post-Ingenieure<br />
VDR Video Disc Recorder<br />
VDR Voltage Dependent Resistor<br />
VDS Virtual Direct Memory Access Service<br />
VDSL Very High Bitrate/Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line<br />
VDSO Virtual Dynamically linked Shared Object<br />
VDT Video/Visual Display Terminal<br />
VDU Video/Visual Display Unit<br />
VDV Vorbestellte Dauerwählverbindung<br />
VE Verbraucher-Elektronik<br />
VE Vermittlungseinrichtung<br />
VE Virtual Environment<br />
VE Volksempfänger<br />
VECLF Virtual (host) Extended Logfile Format<br />
VEMM Virtual Expanded Memory Manager<br />
VERI Virtual Environments Research Institute, Houston<br />
VERIF Verification<br />
VERP Variable Envelope Return Path<br />
VESA Video Electronics Standards Association<br />
VEX Video Extensions to XWS<br />
VF Voice Frequency<br />
VFAT Virtual File Allocation Table<br />
VFD Vacuum Fluorescent Display<br />
VFH Virtuelle Fachhochschule<br />
VFIP Voice File Interchange Protocol (Internet)<br />
VFIR Very Fast Infrared<br />
VFN Vendor Feature Note<br />
VFO Variable Frequency Oscillator<br />
VFPI Verein zur Förderung der Pädagogik der Informationstechnolo<br />
VFS Versioning File System<br />
VFS Virtual File System
446ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
VFSDX Verordnung für den Fernschreib- und Datexdienst<br />
VFW Video For Windows (Microsoft)<br />
VG Volume Group<br />
VGA Vertical Grid Array<br />
VGA Video Graphics Array<br />
VGC Video Graphics Controller<br />
VGDA Volume Group Descriptor Area<br />
VGF Voice Grade Facility<br />
VGNV Verkehrsgebührennachverarbeitung<br />
VGRA Volume Group Reserved Area<br />
VGU Virtual Global University<br />
VHCI Virtual Host Controller Interconnect<br />
VHD Very/Video High Density<br />
VHD Virtual Hard Disk/Help Desk<br />
VHDCI Very High Density Cable Interconnect<br />
VHDL VHSIC Hardware Description Language<br />
VHDSL Very High Bit Rate/Speed Digital Subscriber Line<br />
VHE Virtual Home Environment<br />
VHF Very High Frequency (30 – 300 MHz)<br />
VHLL Very High Level Language<br />
VHS Very High Speed<br />
VHS Video Home System<br />
VHS Virtual Host Storage<br />
VHSIC Very High Speed Integrated Circuit<br />
VHSIM Very High Speed Interface Module<br />
VHT Verteilte Hash-Tabelle<br />
VIA Vendors ISDN Association<br />
VIA Virtual Interface Architecture<br />
VIAD Video Image Area Definition<br />
VIB Video Interface Bus<br />
VIB Virtualisierung im Bildungsbereich<br />
VIBTS VTAM Integrated Bulk Data Transfer System<br />
VIC Video/Voice Interface Card/Controller<br />
VID VLAN Identifier<br />
VID Voltage Identification<br />
VEIL Video Encoded Invisible Light<br />
VIKAR Virtueller Hochschulverbund Karlsruhe<br />
VIM Vendor Independent Messaging<br />
VINCE Vendor Independent Network Control Entity<br />
VINES Virtual Network/Networking System/Software (Banyan)
447<br />
VIO Video/Virtual/Voltage Input Output<br />
VIOLA Vertically Integrated Optical Testbed for Large Applications<br />
VIOLD Vision Impaired On-line Documentation (DEC)<br />
VIP Variable Information Processing<br />
VIP Video Input Processor<br />
VIP Video Interface Port<br />
VIP Virtual IP (address, network)<br />
VIRIM Virtual Reality in Medicine<br />
VIROR Virtuelle Universität Oberrhein<br />
VIS Voice Information System, Virtual Instruction Set<br />
VISC Video Instruction Set Computing<br />
VISDP verantwortlich im Sinne des Pressegestzes<br />
VITA VMEbus International Trade Association<br />
VITAL Virtually Integrated Technical Architecture Lifecycle (Apple)<br />
VJ Van Jacobsen (Compression)<br />
VJHC Van Jacobsen Header Compression<br />
VK Videokonferenz<br />
VK Visitenkarte<br />
VK Visuelle Kommunikation<br />
VKL Verkehrseinschränkungsklasse<br />
VL Virtual Life (Slang)<br />
VL Volume Location<br />
VLA Very Large Array<br />
VLA Volume License Agreement<br />
VLAN Very/Virtual Local Area Network<br />
VLB Verzeichnis lieferbarer Bücher<br />
VLB VESA Local Bus<br />
VLBA Very Long Baseline Array<br />
VLBI Very Long Baseline Interferometry<br />
VLC Variable (word) Length Code<br />
VLDB Very Large Data Base<br />
VLDB Volume Location Database<br />
VLDW Very Long Data Word<br />
VLF Very Low Frequency<br />
VLF Virtual Lookaside Facility<br />
VLI Variable Length Integer<br />
VLIS Verkehrs-Leit und Informations-System<br />
VLIW Very Long Instruction Word<br />
VLM Very Large Memory<br />
VLM Virtual Loadable Module
448ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
VLP Very Low Profile<br />
VLR Visitor Location Register<br />
VLSI Very Large Scale Integration<br />
VLSIC Very Large Scale Integration Circuit<br />
VLSM Variable Length Subnet Mask/Masking<br />
VM Video Mode<br />
VM Virtual Machine/Memory<br />
VMA Virtual Memory Access/Area<br />
VMB Video Memory Buffer<br />
VMC VESA Media Channel<br />
VMD Versatile Multilayer Disc<br />
VME Versacard Modified for Eurocard (Bus)<br />
VME Virtual Memory Executive<br />
VME Virtual (8086) Mode Enhancements<br />
VMG Video Manager<br />
VMI Vertical Motion Index<br />
VMI Video Module Interface<br />
VMI Virtual Machine Interface<br />
VMI VMware Machine Interface<br />
VML Vector Markup Language<br />
VML Vector Mathematical Library<br />
VMM Virtual Machine/Memory Manager/Monitor<br />
VMR Video Mixing Renderer<br />
VMRP VLAN Membership Resolution Protocol<br />
VMS Virtual Memory System (DEC)<br />
VMS Voice Mail/Messaging Server/System<br />
VMSC Visited Mobile Switching Centre<br />
VMT Virtual Memory Technique<br />
VMT Virtual Method Table<br />
VMTP Versatile Message Transaction Protocol (Internet)<br />
VMX Vector Multimedia Extension<br />
VMZ Verkehrsmanagement-Zentrum/Zentrale<br />
VNA Virtual Network Architecture<br />
VNC Virtual Network Computing<br />
VNET Virtual Network<br />
VNL Via Net Loss<br />
VNS Virtual Notebook System<br />
VO Virtual Object/Organization<br />
VO Vollzugsordnung (Funkdienst)<br />
VOB Video Object
449<br />
VOBS Video Object Set<br />
VOBU Video Object Unit<br />
VOC Voice (File)<br />
VOC Volatile Organic Compound<br />
VOD Video On Demand<br />
VODS Video Operators Distress Syndrom<br />
VOF Vollzugsordnung für den Funkdienst<br />
VOFDM Vector Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing<br />
VOFR Voice over Frame Relay<br />
VOI Verband der Optischen Informationssysteme<br />
VOIP Voice over IP<br />
VOL Volume Label<br />
VON Video/Voice Over Net<br />
VOR VHF Omnidirectional Radio Range<br />
VOS Virtual Operating System<br />
VOTS VAX OSI Transport Service<br />
VOX Voice Operated Transmission<br />
VP Virtual Path<br />
VPA Virtual Proxy Agent<br />
VPC Very Personal Computer<br />
VPC Virtual Path Connection<br />
VPC Virtual Personal Computer<br />
VPD Vacuum Photo Diode<br />
VPD Verified Pateint Data<br />
VPD Version Planning Document<br />
VPD Vertical Polar Diagram<br />
VPD Vertically Polarized Dipole<br />
VPD Virtual Predictive Dialing<br />
VPD Virtual Printer Device<br />
VPD Virtual Private Database<br />
VPD Virtual Product Development<br />
VPD Vital Product Data (IBM)<br />
VPD Voice Packet Driver<br />
VPD Volunteer Project Directory<br />
VPDN Virtual Private Data/Dialup Network<br />
VPDS Virtual Private Data Service<br />
VPE Virtual Processing Element<br />
VPI Virtual Path Identifier/Indicator<br />
VPL Virtual Path Link<br />
VPL Virtual/Visual Programming Language
450ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
VPLS Virtual Private LAN/Line Service<br />
VPM Virtual Protocol Machine<br />
VPN Virtual Private Network<br />
VPNS Virtual Private Network Service<br />
VPO Virtual Projection Origin<br />
VPP Value Predictability Pattern<br />
VPP Virtual Presence Protocol<br />
VPP Volts Peak to Peak<br />
VPP VXI Plug + Play<br />
VPRT Verband Privater Rundfunk und Telekommunikation<br />
VPS Verbindungsprogrammierte Steuerung<br />
VPS Video Program/Programm/Programmier-Service/System<br />
VPS Virtual Private Server<br />
VPT Virtual Printing Technology<br />
VPU Video/Virtual/Visual/Vector/Voice Processing/Processor Unit<br />
VPV Videotex programmiert Video-Recorder<br />
VPWS Virtual Private Wire Service<br />
VQ Vector Quantization<br />
VQEG Video Quality Experts Group<br />
VQF Vector Quantization Format<br />
VR Virtual Reality/Route<br />
VR Voltage Regulator<br />
VRA Vollständiger Regulärer Ausdruck<br />
VRAM Video Random Access Memory<br />
VRC Vertical Redundancy Check<br />
VRC Viewing Reference Coordinate<br />
VRC Virtual Route Control<br />
VRCA Virtual Reality Center Aachen<br />
VRCB Virtual Route Control Block<br />
VRD Virtual Retinal Display<br />
VRF Vector Register File<br />
VRF Video Recording Format<br />
VRID Virtual Route Identifier<br />
VRM Variable Range Marker<br />
VRM Voltage Regulator Module<br />
VRML Virtual Reality Modeling Language<br />
VRN Virtual Route Number<br />
VROOMM Virtual Realtime Object-Oriented Memory Management<br />
VRP Viewing Reference Point<br />
VRPRQ Virtual Route Pacing Request
451<br />
VRPRS Virtual Route Pacing Response<br />
VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol<br />
VRU Voice Response Unit<br />
VRV Vorwärts-Rückwärts-Verhältnis<br />
VS Virtual Storage<br />
VSA Virtual Server Architecture<br />
VSA Virtual Storage Access<br />
VSAM Virtual Storage Access Method<br />
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal<br />
VSC Voice Security Card<br />
VSD Variable Speed Drive<br />
VSE Verification Support Environment<br />
VSE Virtual Storage Extended<br />
VSF Vertical Scanning Frequency<br />
VSI Verband der Software-Industrie Deutschlands e. V.<br />
VSI Virtual Socket Interface (Alliance)<br />
VSIS Video Signal Standard (VESA)<br />
VSK Video-Sender-Kennung<br />
VSL Vienna Symphonic Library<br />
VSL Virtual Socket Library<br />
VSM Virtual Shared Memory<br />
VSM Virtual Storage Management<br />
VSMO Virtual Social Memory Organizer<br />
VSMSC Virtual Short Message Center<br />
VSN Virtual Switched Network<br />
VSO Variable Speed Operation<br />
VSO Vertical Synchronization Offset<br />
VSO VITA Standards Organization<br />
VSOP Very Special Old Programmer (like me)<br />
VSOS Virtual Storage Operating System<br />
VSPW Vertical Synchronization Pulse Width<br />
VST Vermittlungsstelle<br />
VST Voltage Settling Time<br />
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio<br />
VSX Verification Suite for X/Open<br />
VSYNC Vertical Synchronization (signal)<br />
VT Vanderpool Technology (Intel)<br />
VT Vertical Tabulator<br />
VT Video/Virtual Terminal<br />
VT Visualization Tool
452ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
VTAM Virtual Terminal/Telecommunications Access Method<br />
VTB Video Timing Block<br />
VTC Vertical Transistor Cell<br />
VTC Video Teleconference Center<br />
VTCO Virtual Terminal Control Object<br />
VTM Verband der Telekommunikationsnetz- und Mehrwertdiensteanbie<br />
VTOA Voice and Telephony Over ATM<br />
VTOC Volume Table Of Contents<br />
VTOS Virtual Time Operating System<br />
VTP Virtual Terminal Protocol<br />
VTS Video Title Set<br />
VTS Virtual Tape/Terminal Server/Service/Support<br />
VTS Voucher Trading System<br />
VTSU Virtual Terminal Support<br />
VU Volume Unit (Lautstärke)<br />
VUD Verband der Unterhaltungssoftware Deutschland<br />
VUE Visual User Environment<br />
VUEN Virtual University Education Network<br />
VUI Video User Interface<br />
VUIT Visual User Interface Tool (DEC)<br />
VUP VAX Unit of Performance<br />
VUP Version Upgrade<br />
VV Versorgungsvereinbarung<br />
VV Virtual Virtuality<br />
VVL Verbund Virtuelles Labor<br />
VVPAT Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail<br />
VWM Virtual Warehouse Manager<br />
VXD Virtual Device Driver (Microsoft)<br />
VXE VESA XGA Extensions<br />
VXFS VERITAS File System<br />
VXI VME Extensions for Instrumentation<br />
VZFDPBDK Verein zur Förderung der privat betriebenen Daten-Kommunikatio<br />
W Wide, Window, Wireless, World<br />
W3 WWW, World Wide Web (Internet)<br />
W3C World Wide Web Consortium<br />
WAA Wavelet Analysis and its Applications<br />
WAA Web Analytics Association<br />
WAA Web Application Adaptor
453<br />
WAA Wireless Advertising Association<br />
WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System<br />
WAB What Another Bill (Slang)<br />
WABI Windows Application Binary Interface<br />
WACK Wait Acknowledgement<br />
WACS Wireless Access Communications System<br />
WAD Wählautomat für Datenverbindungen<br />
WADFS Wide Area Distributed File System<br />
WAE Worked All Europe<br />
WAENA Wide Area Educational Network<br />
WAF Web Application Firewall<br />
WAF Womens’ Acceptance Factor<br />
WAFL Write Anywhere File Layout<br />
WAI Web Accessibility Initiative<br />
WAIK Windows Automated Installation Toolkit<br />
WAIS Wide Area Information Servers/Service<br />
WAITS Wide Area Information Transfer System<br />
WAL Write Ahead Logging<br />
WAM Warren Abstract Machine<br />
WAM Wide Amplitude Modulation<br />
WAMKSAM Why Are My Kids Staring At Me? (Slang)<br />
WAMP Windows, Apache, MySQL, PHP<br />
WAMPUM Ward’s Automated Menu Package Using Microcomputers<br />
WAN Wide Area Network<br />
WAO Warteschlange der ablaufbereiten Objekte<br />
WAP Wireless Application Protocol<br />
WAP Wissenschaftlicher Arbeitsplatz<br />
WAPECS Wireless Access Policy for Electronic Communication Services<br />
WAPI Wireless Authentication and Privacy Infrastructure<br />
WARC World Administrative Radio Conference<br />
WASP Web Standards Project<br />
WATS Wide Area Telephone/Telecommunications Service<br />
WATTC World Administrative Telegraph and Telephone Conference<br />
WAWA Work Anywhere With Anybody<br />
WB Welcome Back (Slang)<br />
WB Write Back<br />
WBA Wireless Broadband Access<br />
WBC Web Based Communication<br />
WBC Wide Band Channel<br />
WBEM Web Based Enterprise Management
454ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
WBM Web Based Management<br />
WBRC Württembergisch-Badischer Radioclub<br />
WBT Web Based Training<br />
WBT Windows Based Terminal<br />
WC Workgroup Computing<br />
WC World Coordinate<br />
WC Worst Case<br />
WCAG Web Content Accessibility Guidelines<br />
WCF Waveguide Cavity Filter<br />
WCF Weather/Wireless Communications Facility<br />
WCF Web Component Framework<br />
WCF Windows Communication Foundation<br />
WCF Word Class Function<br />
WCCP Web Cache Coordination Protocol<br />
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access<br />
WCE Write Cache Enable<br />
WCMS Web Content Management System<br />
WCP Worst Current Practice<br />
WCPN Wireless Customer Premises Network<br />
WCS Wireless Control System<br />
WCS Writable Control Store<br />
WCT WIPO Copyright Treaty<br />
WD Western Digital<br />
WDA Wahldiensteanbieter<br />
WDDM Windows Display Driver Model<br />
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexer/Multiplexing<br />
WDM Windows Driver Model<br />
WDS Wireless Distribution System<br />
WDSL Wireless Digital Subscriber Line<br />
WDYMBT What Do You Mean By That (Slang)<br />
WDYS What Did You Say (Slang)<br />
WDT Watchdog Timer<br />
WE Write Enable<br />
WEB Workshop on E-Business<br />
WEB World Entertainment Broadcasting<br />
WEB (short for:) World Wide Web, WWW<br />
WEBDAV Web Document Authoring And Versioning<br />
WEEB Western European EDIFACT Board<br />
WEEE Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment<br />
WEFT Web Embedding Fonts Tool (Microsoft)
455<br />
WELL Whole Earth ’Lectronic Link<br />
WEP Wired/Wireless Equipment/Equivalent Privacy/Protocol<br />
WF Workflow<br />
WFA Wi-Fi Alliance<br />
WFG Wait For Graph<br />
WFM Wide Frequency Modulation<br />
WFM Wired for Management<br />
WFM Works For Me (and no one else)<br />
WFMC Workflow Management Coalition<br />
WFMS Workflow Management System<br />
WFP Wait for First Packet<br />
WFP Well Formed Path<br />
WFP Windows File Protection<br />
WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing<br />
WFS Woodstock File Server<br />
WFW Windows For Workgroups (Microsoft)<br />
WG Working Group (ISO)<br />
WGA Windows Genuine Advantage<br />
WGDTB Working Group on Digital Television Broadcasting<br />
WGIG Working Group on Internet Governance (ITU)<br />
WGS Work Group System<br />
WGS World Geodetic System (WGS84)<br />
WHAK With Hugs And Kisses (Slang)<br />
WHNF Weak Head Normal Form<br />
WHQL Windows Hardware Quality Lab<br />
WIA Windows Image Acquisition<br />
WIBNI Would It Be Nice If (Slang)<br />
WIC Wireless Indoor Communication<br />
WILD Wireless Interactive Learning Device<br />
WIMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access<br />
WIMP Windows, Icons, Menus/Mice, Pointing (s. a. MUFF)<br />
WIMPS Windows, Icons, Menus/Mice, Pointing, Scroll bars<br />
WIMRE Wenn Ich Mich Recht Erinnere (Slang)<br />
WIN Wireless Inhouse Network<br />
WIN Wissenschaftsnetz des DFN (X.25)<br />
WINS Windows Internet Name Service (Microsoft)<br />
WINS Wireless Integrated Network Sensor<br />
WIP Work In Progress (Slang)<br />
WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization<br />
WIS Windows Installer Service
456ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
WISOA WIMAX Spectrum Owners Alliance<br />
WISP Wireless Internet Service Provider<br />
WKS Well Known Service/Socket (Internet)<br />
WL Wear Leveling<br />
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network<br />
WLANA Wireless LAN Association<br />
WLBS Windows Load Balancing Service<br />
WLL Wireless Local Loop<br />
WLM Workload Manager<br />
WM Window Manager<br />
WMA Windows Media Audio<br />
WMAN Wireless Metropolitan Area Network<br />
WMD Web Media Developers<br />
WMD Windows Media Device/Download<br />
WMD World Mail Directory<br />
WMD WYSIWYM Markdown (language, editor)<br />
WMDRM Windows Media Digital Rights Management<br />
WME Windows Media Encoder<br />
WMF Windows Media/Metafile Format<br />
WMI Windows Management Interface/Instrumentation<br />
WML Wireless Markup Language<br />
WMM Wi-Fi Multimedia<br />
WMN Wireless Mesh Network<br />
WMR Wireless Meshing Router<br />
WMRS Write Me Real Soon (Slang)<br />
WMS Wide Area Master Station<br />
WMT Windows Media Technologies<br />
WMV Windows Media Video<br />
WNIC WAN Interface Coprocessor<br />
WNIM WAN Interface Module<br />
WNP Weissbier Networking Protocol (Microhopf)<br />
WNPP Work-Needing and Prospective Package (Debian)<br />
WOA Web Object Application<br />
WOCNRA Wobble Signal to Noise Ration after Recording<br />
WOD Web Object Definition<br />
WOK Wake On Keyboard<br />
WOL Wake On LAN<br />
WOL Window Object Library<br />
WOLF Weak Signal Operation for Low Frequency<br />
WOM Wake On Modem
WOM Write-Only-Memory<br />
WOMBAT Waste Of Money, Brains, And Time (Slang)<br />
WOP Werkstattorientierte Programmierung<br />
WORM Write Once, Read Many/Multiple<br />
WOS Web Object Script<br />
WOS Web/Workplace/Workstation Operating System<br />
WOS Webserver On Stick<br />
WOS Windows Open Services<br />
WOS Wireless Office Services/Solutions/System<br />
WOS Wizards of OS (Operating Systems)<br />
WOS Workshop for Open Systems<br />
WOSA Windows Open Systems Architecture (Microsoft)<br />
WOT Web Of Trust<br />
WOTA Who’s On The Air (database)<br />
WP White Pages<br />
WP Wikipedia<br />
WP Word Processor<br />
WP Write Protected<br />
WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access<br />
WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network<br />
WPC Wearable Personal Computer<br />
WPD Windows Printer Description<br />
WPF Windows Presentation Foundation<br />
WPHD Write Protected Hard Disk<br />
WPIM WAN Interface Port Module<br />
WPM words per minute<br />
WPPT WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty<br />
WPS Wi-Fi Protected Setup<br />
WPS Windows Printing System<br />
WPS Workplace Shell (IBM)<br />
WRAM Window Random Access Memory<br />
WRB Web Request Broker<br />
WREL Wireless Resonant Energy Link<br />
WRL (DEC) Western Research Laboratory<br />
WRP Winsock Redirection Protocol<br />
WRR Weighted Round Robin<br />
WRS Wide Area Ground Reference Station<br />
WRT With Regard/Respect To (Slang)<br />
WRTH World Radio and Television Handbook<br />
WS Wide Screen<br />
457
458ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
WS Window Size<br />
WS Workstation<br />
WSAD Websphere Studio Application Developer<br />
WSDL Web Services Description Language<br />
WSGI (Python) Web Server Gateway Interface<br />
WSH Windows Scripting Host<br />
WSIS World Summit on the Information Society<br />
WSN Wireless Sensor Network<br />
WSP Web Standards Project<br />
WSQ Wavelet Scalar Quantization<br />
WSRF Web Services Resource Framework<br />
WSS Web Services Security<br />
WSS Windows Sharepoint Services (Microsoft)<br />
WSS Windows Sound System (Microsoft)<br />
WST World System Teletext<br />
WSTS World Semiconductor Trade Statistics<br />
WSUS Windows Server Update Services<br />
WT Without Thinking (Slang)<br />
WT Write Through<br />
WTB Wanted To Buy (Slang)<br />
WTH What The Heck/Hell (Slang)<br />
WTK Wechselstrom-Telegrafie auf Kurzwelle<br />
WTL Wechselstrom-Telegrafie auf Langwelle<br />
WTLS Wireless Transport Layer Security<br />
WTOS Wyse Thin Operating System<br />
WTS Web/Wireless Tracking System<br />
WTS Web Transaction Security/Services<br />
WTS Web Transcoding Server<br />
WTS WiMAX Test System<br />
WTS Windows Terminal Server (Microsoft)<br />
WTS Wireless Telephone System<br />
WTS World Telecommunication Standardization<br />
WTT Wanted To Trade (Slang)<br />
WTTF Want To Test First (Slang)<br />
WTTM Without Thinking Too Much (Slang)<br />
WULF Wake Up on Line/Liquid Feed<br />
WUS Windows Update Services (Microsoft)<br />
WUSB Wireless Universal Serial Bus<br />
WUXGA Wide Ultra Extended Graphics Array<br />
WVQ Wavelet Vector Quantization
459<br />
WW Wahlwiederholung<br />
WWC World Wide Computing<br />
WWDM Wide Wavelength Division Multiplex<br />
WWG Wieder Was Gelernt (Slang)<br />
WWOZ Wahre Weingartener Ortszeit<br />
WWRF Wireless World Research Forum<br />
WWW W3, World Wide Web, World Wide Waiting, Weltweites Warten<br />
WWW Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows ME<br />
WWW Works With and Without<br />
WWWW World Wide Web Wizard/Worm<br />
WWWWW World Wide Web Worm Warning<br />
WXGA Wide Extended Graphics Array<br />
WYS Whatever You Say (Slang)<br />
WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get<br />
WYSIWYM What You See Is What You Mean<br />
WYSIWIS What You See Is What I See<br />
WZC Wireless Zero Configuration<br />
X Exchange, Execute, Extended, X Window System<br />
X11 X Window System Version 11<br />
X11R7 X Window System Version 11 Release 7<br />
XA Extended Architecture/Attribute<br />
XAA XFree86 Acceleration Architecture<br />
XAFS X-ray Absorption Fine Structure<br />
XAML Extensible Application Markup Language<br />
XAPIA X.400-API Association<br />
XAUI 10 Gigabit Attachment Unit Interface<br />
XBAC Experience Based Admission Control<br />
XBAP XAML Browser Application<br />
XBM X Window System Black-and-white Bitmap (file)<br />
XBRL Extensible Business Reporting Language<br />
XCBP XML Common Biometric Format<br />
XCD Extended Compact Disc<br />
XCHG Exchange<br />
XCHS Extended Cylinders, Heads, Sectors<br />
XCMD Extended Mode Command (Apple)<br />
XCMD External Command<br />
XCP Extended Copy Protection (Sony)<br />
XD Execute Disable
460ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
XD Extreme Digital (Card)<br />
XDCS X/Open Distributed Computing Services<br />
XDF Extended Density Format (IBM)<br />
XDLE Transparent Data Link Escape<br />
XDMCP X11 Display Manager Control Protocol<br />
XDP XML Data Package<br />
XDR External/Extended Data Representation<br />
XDS X/Open Directory Service<br />
XED XML Enabled Directory<br />
XETB Transparent End of Transmission Block<br />
XETX Transparent End of Text<br />
XEWA XML-Enabled Wide Area Search in Bioinformatics<br />
XFA Extended File Attribute<br />
XFA XML Forms Architecture<br />
XFCN External Function<br />
XFDF XML Forms Data Format<br />
XFDL Extensible Forms Description Language<br />
XFN X/Open Federated Naming Service<br />
XFS Extensions for Financial Services<br />
XFS SGI Extended File System<br />
XFS X11 Extended File System<br />
XFS X11 Font Server<br />
XG Extended General MIDI<br />
XGA Extended Graphics Array (IBM)<br />
XHCI Extended Host Controller Interface<br />
XHTML Extensible Hypertext Markup Language<br />
XID Exchange Identifier/Identification<br />
XIE X11 Image/Imaging Extension (Standard)<br />
XIE-DIS XIE Document Imaging Subset<br />
XIM X11 Input Method<br />
XIO Extended Input Output<br />
XITB Transparent Intermediate Block<br />
XKB X11 Keyboard Extension<br />
XLATE Translate<br />
XLFD X11 Logical Font Description/Descriptor<br />
XLINK Extended Local Informatik Netz Karlsruhe<br />
XLL Extensible Linking Language<br />
XLL XLink and XPointer Languages<br />
XLM Excel Macro Language (Microsoft)<br />
XMI XTendbus Multibus Interface
461<br />
XMIT Transmit<br />
XML Extensible Markup Language<br />
XMM Extended Memory Manager<br />
XMP X/Open Management Protocol<br />
XMP Extensible Metadata Platform (Adobe)<br />
XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol<br />
XMS Extended Memory Specification<br />
XMSN Transmission<br />
XMT Transmit<br />
XMTR Transmitter<br />
XNS Xerox Network Services/Standard/System<br />
XOFF Exchange/Transmitter Off<br />
XOM X/Open Management<br />
XON Exchange/Transmitter On<br />
XOR Exclusive Or (auch: EOR)<br />
XORP Extensible Open Router Platform<br />
XOS Experimental Operating System<br />
XOT X.25 Over TCP/IP<br />
XP Cross Point<br />
XP Extreme Programming<br />
XPC X11 Performance Characterization Group<br />
XPEL X11 Protocol Engine Library<br />
XPFE Cross Platform Front End<br />
XPG X/Open Portability Guide<br />
XPLA Extended Programmable Logic Array<br />
XPM X Window System Pixelmap (file)<br />
XPS XML Paper Specification<br />
XPT External Page Table<br />
XPVM Executable Parallel Virtual Machine<br />
XR Index Register<br />
XRC Extended Remote Copy<br />
XREF Cross Reference List<br />
XSC Extended Scientific Calculation<br />
XSDT Extended System Description Table<br />
XSI X/Open Systenm Interface Specification<br />
XSL Extensible Style(sheet) Language<br />
XSLFO Extensible Style(sheet) Language Formatting Object<br />
XSLT Extensible Style(sheet) Language Transformation<br />
XSMD Extended Storage Module Drive<br />
XSMP X11 Session Manager Protocol
462ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
XSS Cross-Site Scripting<br />
XSSI Extended Server Side Includes<br />
XSSO X/Open Single Sign-On (Service)<br />
XSTX Transparent Start of Text<br />
XSYN Transparent Synchronous Idle<br />
XT Crosstalk<br />
XT Extended Technology<br />
XTAL Crystal<br />
XTCLK External Transmit Clock<br />
XTI X/Open Transport (Layer) Interface<br />
XTP XPress Transfer Protocol<br />
XTTD Transparent Temporary Text Delay<br />
XUI X11 User Interface<br />
XUL Extensible/XML-Based User Interface Language<br />
XUMA Expertensystem Umweltgefährlichkeit von Altlasten<br />
XVE X11 Visual Extensions<br />
XVI XTendbus VMEbus Interface<br />
XVS X/Open System V Specification<br />
XVT Extensible Virtual Toolkit<br />
XWD X11 Window Dump<br />
XWS X Window System, X11<br />
Y2K Year 2000 A.D.<br />
YABA Yet Another Bloody Acronym (Slang)<br />
YAFIYGI You Asked For It, You Got It (Slang)<br />
YAFFS Yet Another Flash File System<br />
YALE Yet Another Learning Environment<br />
YAODL Yet Another Object Description Language<br />
YAPC Yet Another Perl Conference<br />
YAPL Yet Another Programming Language<br />
YAS Yet Another Society<br />
YCAGWYW You cannot always get what you want (Slang)<br />
YDL Yellow Dog Linux<br />
YKWIS You Know What I’m Saying (Slang)<br />
YMD Year Month Day (ISO 8601)<br />
YMMD You Made My Day (Slang)<br />
YMMD Your Mileage May Differ/Diminish (Slang)<br />
YMMV Your Mileage May Vary (Slang)<br />
YODL Yet one Other Document Language
463<br />
YOU YAST Online Update (SuSE)<br />
YOYOW You Own Your Own Words (Slang)<br />
YP Yellow Pages (NIS)<br />
YTTT You Telling The Truth (Slang)<br />
YUV (Farbmodell: Luminanz Y, Chrominanzwerte U, V)<br />
Z Zahl, Zeichen, Zeit, Zentral-, Zentrum, Zero, Zone<br />
ZA Zero Adjusted/Adjuster<br />
ZA Zero Administration (networking)<br />
ZA Zone Alarm<br />
ZAC Zero Administration Client<br />
ZAI Zero Administration Initiative<br />
ZAIK Zentrum für Angewandte Informatik, Universität Köln<br />
ZAK Zero Administration Kit (Microsoft)<br />
ZAM Zentralinstitut für Angewandte Mathematik, Jülich<br />
ZBR Zone Bit Recording<br />
ZBT Zero Bus Turnaround<br />
ZBTSI Zero-Byte Time Slot Interchange<br />
ZC Zone Coordinator<br />
ZCAV Zone/Zoned Constant Angular Velocity<br />
ZCC Zone Coordinator Council<br />
ZCLV Zone/Zoned Constant Linear Velocity<br />
ZCML Zope Configuration Markup Language<br />
ZCR Zero Channel RAID<br />
ZCT Zero Count Table<br />
ZDF Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen, Mainz<br />
ZDL Zero Delay Lockout<br />
ZDR Zeilendrucker<br />
ZDR Zone Density Recording<br />
ZDVA Zentrale Datenverarbeitungsanlage<br />
ZE Zentraleinheit<br />
ZEC Zone Echomail Coordinator<br />
ZEN Zero Effort Network (Novell)<br />
ZEO Zope Enterprise Object<br />
ZF Zwischenfrequenz<br />
ZFM Zentralamt Für Mobilfunk, Münster<br />
ZFS Zettabyte File System<br />
ZFS Zone Field Selection<br />
ZGDV Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung
464ANHANG U. ABKÜRZUNGEN AUS INFORMATIK UND TELEKOMMUNI<br />
ZGS Zeichengabesystem<br />
ZHR Zero Hop Routing<br />
ZI Zentrale Instandhaltung<br />
ZIA Zentrale Inteliigenz-Agentur<br />
ZIB Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik, Berlin<br />
ZIF Zero Insertion Force<br />
ZIMS Zope Inventory Management System<br />
ZIP Zone Improvement Plan<br />
ZIP Zone Information Protocol<br />
ZIS Zertifikationsinfrastruktur<br />
ZISC Zero Instruction Set Computer<br />
ZKA Zentraler Kreditausschuss<br />
ZKD Zentrum für Kommunikationstechnik und Datenverarbeitung, Stu<br />
ZKDSG Zugangskontrolldiensteschutzgesetz<br />
ZKM Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie, Karlsruhe<br />
ZL Zeile<br />
ZMH Zone Mailing Hour<br />
ZMI Zone Management Interface<br />
ZNB ZNYX NetBlaster<br />
ZODB Zope Object Data Base<br />
ZOFF Zeichenorientierte Fenster-Funktionen<br />
ZOO Zone Operation Organisation<br />
ZOPE Z Object Publishing Environment<br />
ZPP Zero-error Probabilistic Polynomial time<br />
ZPT Zope Page Template<br />
ZPUe Zentralstelle für Private Überspielungsrechte<br />
ZRTP Zimmermann’s Real-time Transport Protocol<br />
ZS Zeitschlitz<br />
ZSI Zentralstelle für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik<br />
ZSK Zone Signing Key<br />
ZSL Zero Slot LAN<br />
ZSP Zwischenspeicher<br />
ZSS Zentraler Service Switch<br />
ZTZB Zentrale Technik Zentraler Betriebslenkung<br />
ZV Zahlungsverkehr<br />
ZV Zeilenvorschub<br />
ZV Zoomed Video (Port)<br />
ZVDFUE Zahlungsverkehr-Datenfernübertragung<br />
ZVE Zählervergleichseinrichtung<br />
ZVEH Zentralverband der Deutschen Elektrohandwerke
465<br />
ZVEI Zentralverband der Elektrotechnik- und Elektronikindustrie<br />
ZW Zielwahl<br />
ZWR Zwischenraum (space)<br />
ZWS Zero Wait State<br />
ZZF Zentralamt für Zulassungen im Fernmeldewesen<br />
ZZK Zentraler Zeichenkanal (ISDN)
V Karlsruher Test<br />
Nicht jedermann eignet sich für so schwierige Dinge wie die elektronische<br />
Datenverarbeitung. Um Ihnen die Entscheidung zu erleichtern,<br />
ob Sie in die EDV einsteigen oder sich angenehmeren<br />
Dingen widmen sollten, haben wir ganz besonders für Sie einen<br />
Test entwickelt. Woran denken Sie bei:<br />
Bit Was zum Trinken, aus der Eifel (1 Punkt)<br />
Schraubendrehereinsatz (1)<br />
kleinste Dateneinheit (2 Punkte)<br />
Festplatte Was zum Essen, vom Partyservice (1)<br />
Schallplatte (0)<br />
Massenspeicher (2)<br />
Menü Was zum Essen (1)<br />
Dialogtechnik (2)<br />
mittelalterlicher Tanz (0)<br />
CPU politische Partei (0)<br />
Zentralprozessor (2)<br />
Carnevalsverein (0)<br />
Linker Linkshänder (0)<br />
Anhänger einer Linkspartei (1)<br />
Programm zum Binden von Modulen (2)<br />
IBM Ich Bin Müde (1)<br />
International Business Machines (2)<br />
International Brotherhood of Magicians (1)<br />
Schnittstelle Verletzung (1)<br />
Verbindungsstelle zweier EDV-Geräte (2)<br />
Werkstatt eines Bartscherers (0)<br />
Slot Steckerleiste im Computer (2)<br />
466
einarmiger Bandit (1)<br />
niederdeutsch für Kamin (0)<br />
467
468 ANHANG V. KARLSRUHER TEST<br />
Fortran starker Lebertran (0)<br />
Formal Trash Notation (0)<br />
Programmiersprache (2)<br />
Mainframe Frachtkahn auf dem Main (0)<br />
Damit wollte FRIDTJOF NANSEN zum Nordpol (0)<br />
großer Computer (2)<br />
PC Plumpsklo (Gravitationstoilette) (1)<br />
Personal Computer (2)<br />
Power Computing Language (0)<br />
Puffer Was zum Essen, aus Kartoffeln (1)<br />
Was am Eisenbahnwagen (1)<br />
Zwischenspeicher (2)<br />
Software Rohstoff für Softice (0)<br />
Programme, Daten und so Zeugs (2)<br />
was zum Trinken (0)<br />
Port was zum Trinken (1)<br />
Hafen (1)<br />
Steckdose für Peripheriegeräte (2)<br />
Strichcode maschinell lesbarer Code (2)<br />
Geheimsprache im Rotlichtviertel (0)<br />
Urliste in der Statistik (0)<br />
Chip was zum Essen (1)<br />
was zum Spielen (1)<br />
Halbleiterbaustein (2)<br />
Pointer Hund (1)<br />
starker Whisky (0)<br />
Zeiger auf Daten, Adresse (2)<br />
Page Hotelboy (1)<br />
englisch, Seite in einem Buch (1)<br />
Untergliederung eines Speichers (2)
Character was manchen Politikern fehlt (1)<br />
Schriftzeichen (2)<br />
Wasserfall (0)<br />
469
470 ANHANG V. KARLSRUHER TEST<br />
BetriebssystemKonzern (0)<br />
betriebsinternes Telefonsystem (0)<br />
wichtigstes Programm im Computer (2)<br />
Traktor Papiereinzugsvorrichtung (2)<br />
landwirtschaftliches Fahrzeug (1)<br />
Zahl beim Multiplizieren (0)<br />
Treiber Hilfsperson bei der Jagd (1)<br />
Programm zum Ansprechen der Peripherie (2)<br />
Vorarbeiter (0)<br />
Animator was zum Trinken (1)<br />
Unterhalter (1)<br />
Programm für bewegte Grafik (2)<br />
Hackbrett Musikinstrument (1)<br />
Werkzeug im Hackbau (0)<br />
Tastatur (2)<br />
emulieren nachahmen (2)<br />
Öl in Wasser verteilen (0)<br />
entpflichten (0)<br />
Font Menge von Schriftzeichen (2)<br />
Soßengrundlage (1)<br />
Hintergrund, Geldmenge (0)<br />
Server Brettsegler (0)<br />
Kellner (0)<br />
Computer für Dienstleistungen (2)<br />
Yabbawhap Datenkompressionsprogramm (2)<br />
Kriegsruf der Südstadt-Indianer (0)<br />
was zum Essen (0)<br />
Terminal Schnittstelle Mensch - Computer (2)<br />
Bahnhof oder Hafen (1)<br />
Zubehör zu Drahttauwerk (1)
Ampersand Sand aus der Amper (1)<br />
et-Zeichen, Kaufmanns-Und (2)<br />
Untiefe im Wattenmeer (0)<br />
471
472 ANHANG V. KARLSRUHER TEST<br />
Alias altgriechisches Epos (0)<br />
alttestamentarischer Prophet (0)<br />
Zweitname (2)<br />
Buscontroller Busfahrer (0)<br />
Busschaffner (0)<br />
Programm zur Steuerung eines Datenbusses (2)<br />
Algol was zum Trinken (0)<br />
Doppelstern (1)<br />
Programmiersprache (2)<br />
Rom Stadt in Italien (1)<br />
schwedisch für Rum (1)<br />
Read only memory (2)<br />
Dram Dynamic random access memory (2)<br />
dänisch für Schnaps (1)<br />
Straßenbahn (0)<br />
Diskette Mädchen, das oft in Discos geht (0)<br />
weiblicher Diskjockey (0)<br />
Massenspeicher (2)<br />
Directory oberste Etage einer Firma (0)<br />
Inhaltsverzeichnis (2)<br />
Kunststil zur Zeit der Franz. Revolution (0)<br />
Dekrement was die Verdauung übrig läßt (0)<br />
Anordnung von oben (0)<br />
Wert, um den ein Zähler verringert wird (2)<br />
Sprungbefehl Vorkommnis während Ihres Wehrdienstes (0)<br />
Kommando im Pferdesport (0)<br />
Anweisung in einem Programm (2)<br />
Oktalzahl Maß für die Klopffestigkeit (0)<br />
Zahl zur Basis 8 (2)<br />
Anzahl der Oktaven einer Orgel (0)
Subroutine Kleidungsstück eines Priesters (0)<br />
was im Unterbewußten (0)<br />
Unterprogramm (2)<br />
473
474 ANHANG V. KARLSRUHER TEST<br />
Spoiler Was zum Essen (0)<br />
Posting in den Netnews (2)<br />
Was am Auto (1)<br />
virtuell tugendhaft (0)<br />
die Augen betreffend (0)<br />
nicht wirklich vorhanden, scheinbar (2)<br />
Klammeraffe ASCII-Zeichen (2)<br />
Bürogerät (1)<br />
Affenart in Südamerika (0)<br />
ESC Eisenbahner-Spar- und Creditverein (0)<br />
Eishockeyclub (0)<br />
escape, Fluchtsymbol (2)<br />
Monitor Karlsruher Brauerei (0)<br />
Fernsehsendung (1)<br />
Bildschirmgerät, Überwachungsprogramm (2)<br />
Unix Tütensuppe (0)<br />
Freund von Asterix und Obelix (0)<br />
hervorragendes Betriebssystem (2)<br />
Joystick Computerzubehör (2)<br />
männlicher Körperteil (0)<br />
Hebel am Spielautomat (0)<br />
Maus kleines Säugetier (1)<br />
Computerzubehör (2)<br />
junge Dame (1)<br />
Icon russisches Heiligenbild (0)<br />
Sinnbild (2)<br />
Kamerafabrik (0)<br />
Pascal französischer Mathematiker (1)<br />
Maßeinheit für Druck (1)<br />
Programmiersprache (2)
Wysiwyg englisch für Wolpertinger (0)<br />
französisch für Elmentritschen (0)<br />
what you see is what you get (2)<br />
475
476 ANHANG V. KARLSRUHER TEST<br />
Register was in Flensburg (1)<br />
was an der Orgel (1)<br />
Speicher (2)<br />
Record was im Sport (1)<br />
englisch für Blockflöte (0)<br />
Datensatz (2)<br />
HP High Price (0)<br />
Hewlett-Packard (2)<br />
Horse Power (1)<br />
Kermit Dichtungspaste (0)<br />
Frosch aus der Muppet-Show (1)<br />
Dateiübertragungs-Protokoll (2)<br />
Ethernet Baustoff (Asbestzement) (0)<br />
Local Area Network (2)<br />
Student der ETH Zürich (0)<br />
Algorithmus Übermäßiger Genuß geistiger Getränke (0)<br />
Krankheit (0)<br />
Rechenvorschrift (2)<br />
File Was zum Essen, vom Metzger (0)<br />
Menge von Daten (2)<br />
Durchtriebener Kerl (0)<br />
Bug Vorderteil eines Schiffes (1)<br />
Fehler im Programm (2)<br />
englisch für Wanze (1)<br />
Router jemand mit Routine (0)<br />
französischer LKW-Fahrer (0)<br />
Verbindungsglied zweier Netze (2)<br />
Zylinder Kopfbedeckung (1)<br />
Teil einer Kolbenmaschine (1)<br />
Unterteilung eines Plattenspeichers (2)
FTP kleine, aber liberale Partei (0)<br />
File Transfer Protocol (2)<br />
Floating Point Processor (0)<br />
477
478 ANHANG V. KARLSRUHER TEST<br />
Domäne Geist(0)<br />
Bereich (2)<br />
Blume (0)<br />
Bridge Kartenspiel (1)<br />
internationales Computernetz (0)<br />
Verbindung zweier Computernetze (2)<br />
Email Glasur (1)<br />
elektronische Post (2)<br />
Sultanspalast (0)<br />
Baum was im Wald (Wurzel unten) (1)<br />
was auf einem Schiff (keine Wurzel) (1)<br />
was aus der Informatik (Wurzel oben) (2)<br />
Internet Schule mit Schlafgelegenheit (0)<br />
Zwischenraum (0)<br />
Weltweites Computernetz (2)<br />
Split UNIX-Kommando (2)<br />
kantige Steinchen (0)<br />
Stadt in Dalmatien (1)<br />
Mini Damenoberbekleidung (1)<br />
kleiner Computer (2)<br />
Frau von Mickey Mouse (0)<br />
Cut Herrenoberbekleidung (1)<br />
Colonia Ulpia Traiana (1)<br />
UNIX-Kommando (2)<br />
2B|!2B Parallelprozessor (0)<br />
Assembler-Befehl (0)<br />
ein Wort Hamlets (2)<br />
Shell Filmschauspielerin (Maria S.) (0)<br />
Kommando-Interpreter (2)<br />
Mineralöl-Gesellschaft (1)
Slip Unterbekleidung (1)<br />
Schlupfschuh (0)<br />
Internet-Protokoll (2)<br />
479
480 ANHANG V. KARLSRUHER TEST<br />
Diäresis Durchfall (0)<br />
Diakritisches Zeichen (Umlaute) (2)<br />
Ernährungslehre (0)<br />
Space Bar Kneipe im Weltraum (www.spacebar.com) (0)<br />
Maßeinheit für den Druck im Weltraum (0)<br />
Größte Taste auf der Tastatur (2)<br />
Popper Popcorn-Röster (0)<br />
Mail-Programm (2)<br />
Philosoph aus Wien (1)<br />
Rohling Wüster Kerl (1)<br />
Noch zu beschreibende CD/DVD (2)<br />
Rohkost-Liebhaber (0)<br />
Schleife Kleidungsstück (1)<br />
Schlitterbahn (1)<br />
Kontrollanweisung eines Programmes (2)<br />
Alex Altlasten-Expertensystem (1)<br />
Automatic Login Executor (1)<br />
Globales Dateisystem (1)<br />
Altair Stern (Alpha Aquilae) (1)<br />
Gebirge in Zentralasien (0)<br />
früher Personal Computer (2)<br />
Halbbitter Was zum Essen (Schokolade) (1)<br />
Strom- und bitsparender Prozessor (0)<br />
Was zum Trinken (0)<br />
Eure Priorität Anrede des Priors in einem Kloster (0)<br />
Anrede des Ersten Sekretärs im Vatikan (0)<br />
Anrede des Systemverwalters (6)<br />
Zählen Sie Ihre Punkte zusammen. Die Auswertung ergibt Folgendes:<br />
• über 170 Punkte: Überlassen Sie das Rechnen künftig dem<br />
Computer.
481<br />
• 85 bis 170 Punkte: Mit etwas Fleiß wird aus Ihnen ein EDV-<br />
Experte.<br />
• 18 bis 84 Punkte: Machen Sie eine möglichst steile Karriere<br />
außerhalb der EDV und suchen Sie sich fähige Mitarbeiter.<br />
• unter 18 Punkten: Vielleicht hatten Sie schlechte Lehrer?
W GNU Lizenzen<br />
W.1 GNU General Public License<br />
Kopiert von http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.<br />
Version 2, June 1991<br />
Copyright © 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.<br />
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA<br />
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of<br />
this license document, but changing it is not allowed.<br />
PREAMBLE<br />
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your<br />
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General<br />
Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share<br />
and change free software—to make sure the software is free for<br />
all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the<br />
Free Software Foundation’s software and to any other program<br />
whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software<br />
Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public<br />
License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.<br />
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom,<br />
not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure<br />
that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software<br />
(and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source<br />
code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software<br />
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To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid<br />
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender<br />
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for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify<br />
it.<br />
482
W.1. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 483<br />
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether<br />
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights<br />
that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can<br />
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We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software,<br />
and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission<br />
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Also, for each author’s protection and ours, we want to make<br />
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The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and<br />
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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE<br />
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING,<br />
DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION<br />
0. This License applies to any program or other work which<br />
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it<br />
may be distributed under the terms of this General Public<br />
License. The “Program”, below, refers to any such program<br />
or work, and a “work based on the Program” means either<br />
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without limitation in the term “modification”.) Each<br />
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Activities other than copying, distribution and modification<br />
are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope.
484 ANHANG W. GNU LIZENZEN<br />
The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the<br />
output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute<br />
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with the Program.<br />
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a<br />
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portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program,<br />
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(c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively<br />
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no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty)<br />
and that users may redistribute the program under<br />
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a<br />
copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself
W.1. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 485<br />
is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement,<br />
your work based on the Program is not<br />
required to print an announcement.)<br />
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.<br />
If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from<br />
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and separate works in themselves, then this License,<br />
and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute<br />
them as separate works. But when you distribute<br />
the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based<br />
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be<br />
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licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and<br />
every part regardless of who wrote it.<br />
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or<br />
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on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form<br />
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486 ANHANG W. GNU LIZENZEN<br />
(c) Accompany it with the information you received as to<br />
the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This<br />
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with the object code.<br />
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program<br />
except as expressly provided under this License. Any<br />
attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute<br />
the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your<br />
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5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have<br />
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works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept<br />
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your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its
W.1. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 487<br />
terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying<br />
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6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based<br />
on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license<br />
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for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.<br />
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patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited<br />
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patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution<br />
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If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable<br />
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Many people have made generous contributions to the wide<br />
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on consistent application of that system; it is up to the<br />
author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute<br />
software through any other system and a licensee cannot<br />
impose that choice.
488 ANHANG W. GNU LIZENZEN<br />
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is<br />
believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.<br />
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in<br />
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces,<br />
the original copyright holder who places the Program<br />
under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution<br />
limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution<br />
is permitted only in or among countries not thus<br />
excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation<br />
as if written in the body of this License.<br />
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or<br />
new versions of the General Public License from time to<br />
time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present<br />
version, but may differ in detail to address new problems<br />
or concerns.<br />
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If<br />
the Program specifies a version number of this License<br />
which applies to it and “any later version”, you have the<br />
option of following the terms and conditions either of that<br />
version or of any later version published by the Free Software<br />
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version<br />
number of this License, you may choose any version ever<br />
published by the Free Software Foundation.<br />
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other<br />
free programs whose distribution conditions are different,<br />
write to the author to ask for permission. For software<br />
which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write<br />
to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make<br />
exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two<br />
goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our<br />
free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of<br />
software generally.<br />
NO WARRANTY<br />
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE,<br />
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EX-<br />
TENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN<br />
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOL-<br />
DERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM
W.1. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 489<br />
“AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EX-<br />
PRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,<br />
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND<br />
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK<br />
AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM<br />
IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE,<br />
YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,<br />
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.<br />
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR<br />
AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER,<br />
OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDIS-<br />
TRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE<br />
TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECI-<br />
AL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING<br />
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM<br />
(INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DA-<br />
TA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED<br />
BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PRO-<br />
GRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN<br />
IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF<br />
THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.<br />
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS<br />
Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to<br />
Your New Programs<br />
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest<br />
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is<br />
to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and<br />
change under these terms.<br />
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is<br />
safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively<br />
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should<br />
have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full<br />
notice is found.<br />
490 ANHANG W. GNU LIZENZEN<br />
Copyright (C) <br />
This program is free software; you can redistribute it<br />
and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General<br />
Public License as published by the Free Software<br />
Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your<br />
option) any later version.<br />
This program is distributed in the hope that it will<br />
be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without<br />
even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY<br />
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See<br />
the GNU General Public License for more details.<br />
You should have received a copy of the GNU General<br />
Public License along with this program; if not, write to<br />
the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place -<br />
Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.<br />
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and<br />
paper mail.<br />
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice<br />
like this when it starts in an interactive mode:<br />
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) <br />
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WAR-<br />
RANTY; for details type ‘show w’.<br />
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute<br />
it under certain conditions; type ‘show c’ for<br />
details.<br />
The hypothetical commands show w and show c should<br />
show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of<br />
course, the commands you use may be called something other<br />
than show w and show c; they could even be mouse-clicks or<br />
menu items—whatever suits your program.<br />
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer)<br />
or your school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for<br />
the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:<br />
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest<br />
in the program
W.2. GNU FREE DOCUMENTATION LICENSE 491<br />
‘Gnomovision’ (which makes passes at compilers)<br />
written by James Hacker.<br />
, 1 April 1989<br />
Ty Coon, President of Vice<br />
This General Public License does not permit incorporating<br />
your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a<br />
subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking<br />
proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you<br />
want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead<br />
of this License.<br />
W.2 GNU Free Documentation License<br />
Kopiert von http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.<br />
Version 1.2, November 2002<br />
Copyright ©2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.<br />
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA<br />
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of<br />
this license document, but changing it is not allowed.<br />
Preamble<br />
The purpose of this license is to make a manual, textbook, or<br />
other functional and useful document free in the sense of freedom:<br />
to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute<br />
it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or<br />
noncommercially. Secondarily, this license preserves for the author<br />
and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not<br />
being considered responsible for modifications made by others.<br />
This license is a kind of copyleft, which means that derivative<br />
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.<br />
It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a<br />
copyleft license designed for free software.<br />
We have designed this license in order to use it for manuals<br />
for free software, because free software needs free documentation:<br />
a free program should come with manuals providing the
492 ANHANG W. GNU LIZENZEN<br />
same freedoms that the software does. But this license is not limited<br />
to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work,<br />
regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed<br />
book. We recommend this license principally for works whose<br />
purpose is instruction or reference.<br />
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS<br />
This license applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,<br />
that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying<br />
it can be distributed under the terms of this license. Such<br />
a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in<br />
duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein.<br />
The Document, below, refers to any such manual or work. Any<br />
member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as you. You<br />
accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a<br />
way requiring permission under copyright law.<br />
A Modified Version of the Document means any work containing<br />
the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim,<br />
or with modifications and/or translated into another language.<br />
A Secondary Section is a named appendix or a front-matter<br />
section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship<br />
of the publishers or authors of the Document to the<br />
Document’s overall subject (or to related matters) and contains<br />
nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus,<br />
if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary<br />
Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship<br />
could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with<br />
related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or<br />
political position regarding them.<br />
The Invariant Sections are certain Secondary Sections<br />
whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections,<br />
in the notice that says that the Document is released under<br />
this license. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary<br />
then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The<br />
Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document<br />
does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.<br />
The Cover Texts are certain short passages of text that are<br />
listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice<br />
that says that the Document is released under this license. A
W.2. GNU FREE DOCUMENTATION LICENSE 493<br />
Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text<br />
may be at most 25 words.<br />
A Transparent copy of the Document means a machinereadable<br />
copy, represented in a format whose specification is<br />
available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the<br />
Document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for<br />
images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings)<br />
some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable<br />
for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to<br />
a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy<br />
made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup,<br />
or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage<br />
subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.<br />
An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial<br />
amount of text. A copy that is not Transparent is called Opaque.<br />
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include<br />
plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input<br />
format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and<br />
standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed<br />
for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats<br />
include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary<br />
formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word<br />
processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing<br />
tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated<br />
HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for<br />
output purposes only.<br />
The Title Page means, for a printed book, the title page itself,<br />
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material<br />
this license requires to appear in the title page. For works<br />
in formats which do not have any title page as such, TTitle Pagemmeans<br />
the text near the most prominent appearance of the<br />
work’s title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.<br />
A section Entitled XYZ means a named subunit of the Document<br />
whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in<br />
parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language.<br />
(Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned<br />
below, such as Acknowledgements, Dedications, Endorsements,<br />
or History.) To Preserve the Title of such a section<br />
when you modify the Document means that it remains a section<br />
Entitled XYZ according to this definition.
494 ANHANG W. GNU LIZENZEN<br />
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the<br />
notice which states that this license applies to the Document.<br />
These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference<br />
in this license, but only as regards disclaiming warranties:<br />
any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may<br />
have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this license.<br />
2. VERBATIM COPYING<br />
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium,<br />
either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this license,<br />
the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this license<br />
applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that<br />
you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this license.<br />
You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the<br />
reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute.<br />
However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies.<br />
If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also<br />
follow the conditions in section 3.<br />
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated<br />
above, and you may publicly display copies.<br />
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY<br />
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly<br />
have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than<br />
100, and the Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you<br />
must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly,<br />
all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover,<br />
and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also<br />
clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies.<br />
The front cover must present the full title with all words of the<br />
title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material<br />
on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the<br />
covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and<br />
satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in<br />
other respects.<br />
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit<br />
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably)<br />
on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent<br />
pages.
W.2. GNU FREE DOCUMENTATION LICENSE 495<br />
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document<br />
numbering more than 100, you must either include a machinereadable<br />
Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state<br />
in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from<br />
which the general network-using public has access to download<br />
using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent<br />
copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the latter<br />
option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you<br />
begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that<br />
this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated<br />
location until at least one year after the last time you distribute<br />
an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of<br />
that edition to the public.<br />
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors<br />
of the Document well before redistributing any large number of<br />
copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated<br />
version of the Document.<br />
4. MODIFICATIONS<br />
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document<br />
under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided<br />
that you release the Modified Version under precisely this license,<br />
with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document,<br />
thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version<br />
to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do<br />
these things in the Modified Version:<br />
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct<br />
from that of the Document, and from those of previous<br />
versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the<br />
History section of the Document). You may use the same<br />
title as a previous version if the original publisher of that<br />
version gives permission.<br />
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or<br />
entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in<br />
the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal<br />
authors of the Document (all of its principal authors,<br />
if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this<br />
requirement.
496 ANHANG W. GNU LIZENZEN<br />
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the<br />
Modified Version, as the publisher.<br />
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.<br />
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications<br />
adjacent to the other copyright notices.<br />
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license<br />
notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version<br />
under the terms of this license, in the form shown in<br />
the Addendum below.<br />
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections<br />
and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s license<br />
notice.<br />
H. Include an unaltered copy of this license.<br />
I. Preserve the section entitled History, Preserve its title, and<br />
add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors,<br />
and publisher of the Modified Version as given on<br />
the Title Page. If there is no section entitled History in the<br />
Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and<br />
publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then<br />
add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in<br />
the previous sentence.<br />
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document<br />
for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document,<br />
and likewise the network locations given in the Document<br />
for previous versions it was based on. These may<br />
be placed in the History section. You may omit a network<br />
location for a work that was published at least four years<br />
before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of<br />
the version it refers to gives permission.<br />
K. For any section entitled Acknowledgements or Dedications,<br />
Preserve the title of the section, and preserve in the section<br />
all the substance and tone of each of the contributor<br />
acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.<br />
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered<br />
in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or<br />
the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
W.2. GNU FREE DOCUMENTATION LICENSE 497<br />
M. Delete any section entitled Endorsements. Such a section<br />
may not be included in the Modified Version.<br />
N. Do not retitle any existing section to be entitled Endorsements<br />
or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.<br />
O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.<br />
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or<br />
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no<br />
material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate<br />
some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add<br />
their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s<br />
license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other<br />
section titles.<br />
You may add a section entitled Endorsements, provided it contains<br />
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various<br />
parties – for example, statements of peer review or that the<br />
text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative<br />
definition of a standard.<br />
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover<br />
Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to<br />
the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only<br />
one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may<br />
be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity.<br />
If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,<br />
previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same<br />
entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but<br />
you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous<br />
publisher that added the old one.<br />
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this<br />
license give permission to use their names for publicity for or to<br />
assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.<br />
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS<br />
You may combine the Document with other documents released<br />
under this license, under the terms defined in section 4 above<br />
for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination<br />
all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,<br />
unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined<br />
work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their<br />
Warranty Disclaimers.
498 ANHANG W. GNU LIZENZEN<br />
The combined work need only contain one copy of this license,<br />
and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with<br />
a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the<br />
same name but different contents, make the title of each such<br />
section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name<br />
of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or<br />
else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section<br />
titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the<br />
combined work.<br />
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled<br />
History in the various original documents, forming one section<br />
entitled History; likewise combine any sections entitled Acknowledgements,<br />
and any sections entitled Dedications. You must delete<br />
all sections entitled Endorsements.<br />
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS<br />
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and<br />
other documents released under this license, and replace the individual<br />
copies of this license in the various documents with a<br />
single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you<br />
follow the rules of this license for verbatim copying of each of the<br />
documents in all other respects.<br />
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and<br />
distribute it individually under this license, provided you insert<br />
a copy of this license into the extracted document, and follow this<br />
license in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that<br />
document.<br />
7. AGGREGATION WITH<br />
INDEPENDENT WORKS<br />
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other<br />
separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume<br />
of a storage or distribution medium, is called an aggregate if the<br />
copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the<br />
legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual<br />
works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate,<br />
this license does not apply to the other works in the aggregate<br />
which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
W.2. GNU FREE DOCUMENTATION LICENSE 499<br />
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these<br />
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one<br />
half of the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be<br />
placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate,<br />
or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in<br />
electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers<br />
that bracket the whole aggregate.<br />
8. TRANSLATION<br />
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may<br />
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section<br />
4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires<br />
special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include<br />
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition<br />
to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include<br />
a translation of this license, and all the license notices in<br />
the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you<br />
also include the original English version of this license and the<br />
original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a<br />
disagreement between the translation and the original version<br />
of this license or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will<br />
prevail.<br />
If a section in the Document is entitled Acknowledgements,<br />
Dedications, or History, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve<br />
its title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.<br />
9. TERMINATION<br />
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document<br />
except as expressly provided for under this license. Any<br />
other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document<br />
is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under<br />
this license. However, parties who have received copies, or rights,<br />
from you under this license will not have their licenses terminated<br />
so long as such parties remain in full compliance.<br />
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS<br />
LICENSE
500 ANHANG W. GNU LIZENZEN<br />
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions<br />
of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.<br />
Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,<br />
but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See<br />
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.<br />
Each version of the license is given a distinguishing version<br />
number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered<br />
version of this license or any later version applies to it, you have<br />
the option of following the terms and conditions either of that<br />
specified version or of any later version that has been published<br />
(not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document<br />
does not specify a version number of this license, you may<br />
choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free<br />
Software Foundation.<br />
ADDENDUM: How to use this license<br />
for your documents<br />
To use this license in a document you have written, include a<br />
copy of the license in the Document and put the following copyright<br />
and license notices just after the title page:<br />
Copyright ©YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted<br />
to copy, distribute and/or modify this document<br />
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,<br />
Version 1.2 or any later version published by<br />
the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections,<br />
no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.<br />
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled<br />
GNU Free Documentation License.<br />
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-<br />
Cover Texts, replace the with...Texts. line with this:<br />
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TIT-<br />
LES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with<br />
the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
W.2. GNU FREE DOCUMENTATION LICENSE 501<br />
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some<br />
other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to<br />
suit the situation.<br />
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code,<br />
we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under<br />
your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General<br />
Public License, to permit their use in free software.
X Zeittafel<br />
Die meisten Errungenschaften entwickelten sich über manchmal<br />
lange Zeitspannen, so dass vor einige Jahreszahlen um etwa<br />
zu setzen ist. Auch sind an der Entwicklung oft mehrere Personen<br />
in unterschiedlichem Maß beteiligt, was sich in der folgenden<br />
Übersicht nicht immer berücksichtigen lässt.<br />
-10E8 Der beliebte Tyrannosaurus hatte zwei Finger an jeder Hand<br />
und rechnete vermutlich im Dualsystem, wenn überhaupt.<br />
-2000 Die Babylonier verwenden für besondere Aufgaben ein<br />
gemischtes Stellenwertsystem zur Basis 60.<br />
Griechen und Perser arbeiten mit Rechenbrettern.<br />
-400 In China werden Zählstäbchen zum Rechnen verwendet.<br />
20 In der Bergpredigt wird das Binärsystem erwähnt (Matth. 5, 37).<br />
Die Römer schieben Rechensteinchen (calculi) auf dem Abakus herum<br />
600 Die Inder entwickeln das heute übliche reine Stellenwertsystem,<br />
die Null ist jedoch älter. Etwa gleichzeitig entwickeln die Mayas<br />
in Mittelamerika ein Stellenwertsystem zur Basis 20.<br />
1200 LEONARDO VON PISA, genannt FIBONACCI, setzt sich für die<br />
Einführung des indisch-arabischen Zahlensystems im Abendland ein<br />
1550 Die europäischen Rechenmeister verwenden sowohl die römische<br />
als auch die indisch-arabische Schreibweise.<br />
1617 JOHN NAPIER erfindet die Rechenknochen (Napier’s Bones).<br />
1623 Erste mechanische Rechenmaschine mit Zehnerübertragung<br />
und Multiplikation, von WILHELM SCHICKARD, Tübingen.<br />
1642 Rechenmaschine von BLAISE PASCAL, Paris für kaufmännische<br />
Rechnungen seines Vaters.<br />
1674 GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNIZ baut eine mechanische<br />
Rechenmaschine für die vier Grundrechenarten und befasst sich<br />
mit der dualen Darstellung von Zahlen. In der Folgezeit<br />
technische Verbesserungen an vielen Stellen in Europa.<br />
1714 HENRY MILL erhält ein Patent auf eine Schreibmaschine.<br />
1778 Rechenmaschine des schwäbischen Pfarrers PHILIPP MATTHÄUS HAHN<br />
1801 JOSEPH MARIE JACQUARD erfindet die Lochkarte aus Holz und<br />
steuert Webstühle damit.<br />
1821 CHARLES BABBAGE stellt der Royal Astronomical Society<br />
502
503<br />
eine programmierbare mechanische Rechenmaschine vor, die<br />
jedoch keinen wirtschaftlichen Erfolg hat. Er denkt auch an<br />
das Spielen von Schach oder Tic-tac-toe auf Maschinen.<br />
1840 SAMUEL FINLEY BREEZE MORSE entwickelt einen aus zwei<br />
Zeichen plus Pausen bestehenden Telegrafencode, der die<br />
Buchstaben entsprechend ihrer Häufigkeit codiert.<br />
1847 GEORGE BOOLE entwickelt die symbolische Logik.<br />
1852 ADA LOVELACE stirbt, eine frühe Informatikerin<br />
1861 JOHANN PHILIPP REIS erfindet das Telephon.<br />
1873 ELIPHALET REMINGTON and Sons, NY, stellen außer Gewehren<br />
und Nähmaschinen auch Schreibmaschinen her. 1886 trennen si<br />
vom Schreibmaschinenbereich, der später den Namen Remingto<br />
und noch später den Namen Sperry Rand trägt.<br />
1876 ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL erhält ein Patent auf sein Telefon.<br />
1877 Gründung der Bell Telephone Company, heute AT&T.<br />
1890 HERMAN HOLLERITH erfindet die Lochkartenmaschine und<br />
setzt sie bei einer Volkszählung in den USA ein. Das ist der<br />
Anfang von IBM.<br />
1894 OTTO LUEGERs Lexikon der gesamten Technik führt<br />
unter dem Stichwort Elektrizität als Halbleiter Äther,<br />
Alkohol, Holz und Papier auf.<br />
1895 Erste Übertragungen mittels Radio (ALEXANDER POPOW,<br />
GUGLIELMO MARCONI).<br />
1896 Gründung der Tabulating Machine Company, der späteren IBM.<br />
1898 VALDEMAR POULSEN erfindet die magnetische Aufzeichnung<br />
von Tönen (Telegraphon).<br />
1900 01. Januar 1900 00:00:00 GMT Nullpunkt der gegenwärtigen<br />
NTP-Ära (eine NTP-Ära umfasst 136 Jahre).<br />
1910 Gründung der Deutschen Hollerith Maschinen GmbH, Berlin,<br />
der Vorläuferin der IBM Deutschland.<br />
1918 Das Enigma-Verschlüsselungsverfahren entwickelt.<br />
1924 Aus der Tabulating Machine Company von HERMAN HOLLERITH,<br />
später in Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company umbenann<br />
wird die International Business Machines (IBM).<br />
1930 EDWIN LINK baut – anstatt Pianos und Orgeln wie sein Vater –<br />
einen mechanischen Flugsimulator für Übungs- und Vergnügun<br />
und erhält ein Patent darauf. Der Link-Trainer erlangt Verbreit<br />
1932 Die Firma AEG baut das erste Tonbandgerät mit dem Namen<br />
Magnetophon. Die Bänder dazu liefert die BASF.<br />
1936 Erste Direktübertragung im deutschen Fernsehen anlässlich der
504 ANHANG X. ZEITTAFEL<br />
Olympischen Spiele in Berlin.<br />
1937 ALAN TURING veröffentlicht sein Computermodell.<br />
1938 KONRAD ZUSE stellt den programmgesteuerten Rechner Z 1 fertig.<br />
Ein späterer Nachbau schafft 1 Rechenoperation pro Sekunde.<br />
Elektronische binäre Addiermaschine von JOHN VINCENT ATANASO<br />
und CLIFFORD BERRY, Iowa State University, zur Lösung linearer<br />
Gleichungssysteme.<br />
1939 KONRAD ZUSE stellt die Z 2 fertig.<br />
Gründung der Firma Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, Kalifornien<br />
durch WILLIAM HEWLETT und DAVID PACKARD. Ihr erstes<br />
Produkt ist ein Oszillator für Tonfrequenzen (Messtechnik).<br />
1941 KONRAD ZUSE stellt die Z 3 fertig.<br />
1942 Die Purdue University beginnt mit der Halbleiterforschung und<br />
untersucht Germaniumkristalle.<br />
1943 Der Computer Colossus, Bletchley Park/Buckinghamshire UK,<br />
entschlüsselt deutsche Militärnachrichten (Enigma).<br />
IBM-Chef THOMAS WATSON schätzt den weltweiten Bedarf an<br />
Computern auf 5 (fünf) Stück.<br />
1944 Die Zuse Z 4 wird fertig (2200 Relais, mechanischer Speicher).<br />
Sie arbeitet von 1950 bis 1960 in der Schweiz.<br />
An der Harvard University bauen HOWARD AIKEN und GRACE HOP<br />
die Mark I in Relaistechnik. Die Maschine läuft bis 1959.<br />
1945 KONRAD ZUSE entwickelt den Plankalkül, die erste höhere<br />
Programmiersprache.<br />
WILLIAM BRADFORD SHOCKLEY startet ein Forschungsprojekt zur<br />
Halbleiterphysik in den Bell-Labs.<br />
VANNEVAR BUSH entwickelt ein System zur Informationsspeicherun<br />
und -suche, das auf Mikrofilmen beruht.<br />
1946 JOHN VON NEUMANN veröffentlicht sein Computerkonzept.<br />
JOHN PRESPER ECKERT und JOHN WILLIAM MAUCHLY bauen in<br />
den USA die ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and<br />
Computer). Die ENIAC rechnet dezimal, enthält 18000 Vakuumröhr<br />
wiegt 30 t, ist 5,5 m hoch und 24 m lang, braucht für eine Addition<br />
0,2 ms, ist an der Entwicklung der Wasserstoffbombe beteiligt und<br />
arbeitet bis 1955. Sie ist der Urahne der UNIVAC.<br />
1948 CLAUDE ELWOOD SHANNON begründet die Informationstheorie.<br />
JOHN BARDEEN, WALTER HOUSER BRATTAIN und<br />
WILLIAM BRADFORD SHOCKLEY entwickeln in den Bell-Labs<br />
den Transistor, der 10 Jahre später die Vakuumröhre ablöst.<br />
1949 Erster Schachcomputer: Manchester MADM. Das Wort Bit kreiert.
505<br />
1950 An der ETH Zürich geht die Zuse Z 4 in Betrieb.<br />
1952 IBM bringt ihre erste elektronische Datenverarbeitungsanlage,<br />
die IBM 701, heraus.<br />
1953 IBM baut die erste Magnetbandmaschine zur Datenspeicherung (72<br />
1954 Remington-Rand bringt die erste UNIVAC heraus, IBM die 650.<br />
Silizium beginnt Germanium zu verdrängen.<br />
1955 IBM entwickelt die erste höhere Programmiersprache, die<br />
Verbreitung erlangt: FORTRAN (Formula Translator) und verwe<br />
Transistoren in ihren Computern.<br />
1956 KONRAD ZUSE baut die Z 22, die mit Röhren arbeitet.<br />
Sie kommt 1958 auf den Markt. Bis 1961 werden 50 Stück verka<br />
BARDEEN, BRATTAIN und SHOCKLEY erhalten den Nobelpreis<br />
für Physik.<br />
IBM stellt die erste Festplatte vor (IBM 350 Disk File für den<br />
Computer RAMAC 305), Kapazität 5 MByte, groß wie ein Schran<br />
Gewicht 1 to, bestehend aus 50 Scheiben zu 24 Zoll, 50.000 US-$<br />
1957 Die IBM 709 braucht für eine Multiplikation 0,12 ms.<br />
Weltweit arbeiten rund 1300 Computer.<br />
Seminar von Prof. JOHANNES WEISSINGER über Programmgesteuerte<br />
Rechenmaschinen im SS 1957 der TH Karlsruhe.<br />
KARL STEINBUCH (Firma SEL, später TH Karlsruhe) prägt den<br />
Begriff Informatik.<br />
Erster Satellit (Sputnik, Sowjetunion) kreist um die Erde.<br />
1958 Als eine Reaktion auf den Sputnik gründet das us-amerikanische<br />
Verteidigungsministerium (DoD) die Denkfabrik Advanced Rese<br />
Projects Agency (ARPA), die später das ARPANET aufbaut.<br />
MARVIN LEE MINSKY prägt den Begriff Artificial Intelligence.<br />
Die TH Karlsruhe erhält ihren ersten Computer, eine ZUSE Z 22<br />
finanziert vom Land Baden-Württemberg.<br />
Die Maschine verwendet 400 Vakuumröhren und wiegt 1 t. Der<br />
Arbeitsspeicher fasst 16 Wörter zu 38 Bits, d. h. 76 Byte. Der<br />
Massenspeicher, eine Magnettrommel, fasst rund 40 KByte. Ein<br />
Gleitkommaoperation dauert 70 ms. Das System versteht nur<br />
Maschinensprache (Freiburger Code) und läuft bis 1972.<br />
Im SS 1958 hält Priv.-Doz. KARL NICKEL (Institut für Angew.<br />
Mathematik) eine Vorlesung Programmieren mathematischer un<br />
technischer Probleme für die elektronische Rechenmaschine Z 22.<br />
Die Programmiersprache ALGOL 58 kommt heraus.<br />
Bei Texas Instruments baut JACK ST. CLAIR KILBY den ersten I<br />
im Jahr 2000 erhält er dafür den Nobelpreis für Physik.
506 ANHANG X. ZEITTAFEL<br />
1959 Im SS 1959 hält Priv.-Doz. KARL NICKEL erstmals die<br />
Vorlesung Programmieren I, im WS 1959/60 die Vorlesung<br />
Programmieren II. Erstes Werk von Hewlett-Packard in<br />
Deutschland. Siemens baut die Siemens 2002.<br />
1960 Programmieren steht noch in keinem Studienplan, sondern<br />
ist freiwillig. Die Karlsruher Z 22 arbeitet Tag und Nacht.<br />
Die Programmiersprache COBOL wird veröffentlicht.<br />
Ein Computerspiel namens Spacewar läuft auf einer<br />
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) PDP-1 im MIT eingsetzt.<br />
ALAN SHUGART entwickelt ein Verfahren zur Aufzeichnung von<br />
Daten auf einer magnetisch beschichteten Scheibe.<br />
1961 Die TH Karlsruhe erhält im Zuge der Berufungsverhandlungen von<br />
Prof. Nickel eine Zuse Z 23, die mit 2400 Transistoren arbeitet.<br />
Ihr Hauptspeicher fasst 240 Wörter zu 40 Bits.<br />
Eine Gleitkommaoperation dauert 15 ms. Außer Maschinensprache<br />
versteht sie ALGOL.<br />
Weltweit arbeiten etwa 7300 Computer.<br />
1962 Die TH Karlsruhe erhält einen SEL ER 56, der bis 1968 läuft.<br />
An der Purdue University wird die erste Fakultät für Informatik<br />
(Department of Computer Science) gegründet.<br />
Texas Instruments und Fairchild nehmen die Serienproduktion von I<br />
(Chips) auf.<br />
JOSEPH CARL ROBNETT LICKLIDER (1912–1990) hat zwei Visionen:<br />
Computer und das galaktische Netz (wenn schon, denn schon). Er wi<br />
Direktor in der ARPA und geht an die Verwirklichung seiner Visione<br />
IVAN SUTHERLAND entwickelt ein Grafiksystem namens Sketchball.<br />
MORTON HEILIG meldet sein Sensorama zum Patent an, einen<br />
multimedialen Simulator mit Bild, Ton und Geruch.<br />
1963 Weltweit arbeiten etwa 16.500 Computer.<br />
Erster geostationärer Satellit (Syncom).<br />
IVAN E. SUTHERLAND entwickelt in seiner Doktorarbeit am MIT<br />
das Sketchpad, einen grafischen Bildschirm mit Lichtgriffel, und<br />
wird damit zum Vater der Computergrafik.<br />
Der ASCII-Standard wird verabschiedet.<br />
1964 JOHN KEMENY und THOMAS KURTZ veröffentlichen die Programmiersp<br />
PAUL BARAN entwickelt bei der RAND Corporation die Idee paketve<br />
DOUGLAS CARL ENGELBART erfindet am Stanford Research Institut<br />
die Maus und die Fenstertechnik und hat zukunbftsweisende Visione<br />
IBM legt das Byte zu 8 Bits fest (IBM 360).<br />
Ein Chip enthält auf 0,5 cm 2 10 Transistoren.
507<br />
1965 Beginn des Betriebssystems MULTICS bei MIT, Bell und<br />
General Electric. Aus dessen Misserfolg erwächst später UNIX.<br />
GORDON EARLE MOORE veröffentlicht das nach ihm benannte G<br />
THEODOR HOLM (TED) NELSON prägt den Begriff Hypertext.<br />
1966 Die TH Karlsruhe erhält eine Electrologica X 8, die bis<br />
1973 betrieben wird. Gründung des Karlsruher Rechenzentrums<br />
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) PDP-9 auf dem Markt.<br />
Hewlett-Packard steigt in die Computerei ein (HP 2116 A).<br />
1967 Erster elektronischer Taschenrechner (Texas Instruments) entwicke<br />
Beim Bundesministerium für wissenschaftliche Forschung wird<br />
ein Fachbeirat für Datenverarbeitung gebildet.<br />
Die Sekunde wird von ihrer astronomischen Definition auf eine<br />
atomphysikalische umgestellt.<br />
IVAN E. SUTHERLAND entwickelt an der Harvard University ein<br />
Helm mit binokularem Display und bringt damit die Virtual Rea<br />
ein gutes Stück voran.<br />
NIKLAUS WIRTH beginnt an der ETH Zürich mit der Arbeit an P<br />
IBM stellt die ersten Disketten her, Durchmesser 8 Zoll, Kapazit<br />
1968 Am 26. Februar entscheiden sich maßgebende Vertreter der<br />
Computerwissenschaft im deutschsprachigen Raum im Anschlus<br />
ein internationales Kolloquium in Dresden für die Bezeichnung<br />
Informatik nach französischem Beispiel.<br />
Die Programmiersprache PASCAL kommt heraus. GORDON EAR<br />
ROBERT NORTON NOYCE gründen die Firma Integrated Electro<br />
gegründet. Hewlett-Packard baut den ersten wissenschaftlichen<br />
programmierbaren Tischrechner (HP 9100 A).<br />
1969 In Karlsruhe wird am 1. Januar das Institut für Informatik<br />
gegründet, Direktor KARL NICKEL. Im WS 1969/70 beginnt in<br />
Karlsruhe die Informatik als Vollstudium mit 91 Erstsemestern.<br />
Gründung der Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI) in Bonn.<br />
In den Bell Labs UNIX in Assembler auf einer DEC PDP 7<br />
(K. L. THOMPSON).<br />
Beginn des ARPANET-Projektes, erste Teilnehmer U. of Californ<br />
Los Angeles, Stanford Research Institute, U. of California at<br />
Santa Barbara und U. of Utah. Maßgeblich beteiligt sind STEVE<br />
DAVID H. CROCKER, JON POSTEL, VINTON CERF, ROBERT KAH<br />
RFC 0001: Host Software, von STEVE CROCKER, Mitarbeiter der<br />
1970 Die Universität Karlsruhe erhält eine UNIVAC 1108,<br />
die bis 1987 läuft und damit den hiesigen Rekord an Betriebsjah<br />
hält. Preis 23 MDM, 3 Zentraleinheiten, 256 Kilo-Wörter zu
508 ANHANG X. ZEITTAFEL<br />
je 36 Bits Arbeitsspeicher, 20 Bildschirme.<br />
Die Karlsruher Fakultät für Informatik wird gegründet.<br />
Am 01. Januar 1970 00:00:00 GMT beginnt die UNIX-Uhr zu laufen.<br />
1971 UNIX auf C umgeschrieben, erster Mikroprozessor (Intel 4004).<br />
ALAN SHUGART entwickelt bei IBM die Floppy Disk.<br />
Die Internet-Protokolle FTP (RFC 114) und Telnet (RFC 137) werden<br />
vorgeschlagen und diskutiert.<br />
Project Gutenberg von MICHAEL STERN HART an der U. of Illinois g<br />
1972 IBM entwickelt das Konzept des virtuellen Speichers und<br />
stellt die 8-Zoll-Floppy-Disk vor. Xerox (ROBERT METCALFE),<br />
DEC und Intel entwickeln den Ethernet-Standard.<br />
Das ARPANET wird der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt.<br />
Ein Student namens STEPHAN G. WOZNIAK lötet sich einen<br />
Computer zusammen, der den Smoke-Test nicht übersteht.<br />
In der Bundesrepublik arbeiten rund 8.200 Computer.<br />
Erster wissenschaftlicher Taschenrechner (Hewlett-Packard 35).<br />
1973 Erste internationale Teilnehmer am ARPANET: NORSAR<br />
(Norwegian Seismic Array), Norwegen und U. College of London.<br />
ROBERT MELANCTON METCALFE veröffentlicht Gedanken, die<br />
1975 beim Xerox PARC zur Entwicklung von Ethernet führen.<br />
1974 Der erste programmierbare Taschenrechner kommt auf den<br />
Markt (Hewlett-Packard 65), Preis 2500 DM.<br />
1975 UNIX wird veröffentlicht (Version 6), Beginn der BSD-Entwicklung.<br />
Die Zeitschrift Byte wird gegründet.<br />
Erste, mäßig erfolgreiche Personal Computer (Xerox, Altair).<br />
Die Firma Microsoft Corporation von WILLIAM HENRY GATES III.<br />
und PAUL ALLEN gegründet.<br />
Das Xerox PARC meldet Ethernet zum Patent an.<br />
Die Computer-Tomografie dringt in die Medizin und andere Gebiete<br />
1976 STEVEN P. JOBS und STEPHAN G. WOZNIAK gründen<br />
die Firma Apple und bauen den Apple I. Er kostet 666,66 Dollar.<br />
ALAN SHUGART stellt die 5,25-Zoll-Diskette vor.<br />
Die nichtprozedurale Datenbanksprache SQL – entwickelt von<br />
EDGAR F. CODD bei IBM – wird veröffentlicht.<br />
WHITFIELD DIFFIE und MARTIN E. HELLMANN veröffentlichen<br />
die erste Arbeit über unsymmetrische Verschlüsselung.<br />
1977 ROBERT E. KAHN und VINTON GRAY CERF veröffentlichen<br />
das Konzept von TCP/IP, anfangs Kahn-Cerf-Protokolle (1974) genan<br />
1978 In der Bundesrepublik arbeiten rund 170.000 Computer.<br />
Der Commodore PET 2001 – ein Vorläufer des C64 – kommt heraus,
509<br />
4 bis 32 kbyte Arbeitsspeicher, Bildschirm 25 Zeilen zu 40 Zeiche<br />
Erste Tabellenkalkulation Visicalc, für den Apple II,<br />
von DAN BRICKLIN und BOB FRANKSTON, Harvard University.<br />
Erste Fassung von TEX (DONALD ERVIN KNUTH) veröffentlicht.<br />
Das Network Time Protocol (NTP) wird in Gebrauch genommen.<br />
1979 Faxdienst in Deutschland eingeführt.<br />
Beginn des Usenet in der Duke University und der University of<br />
North Carolina auf der Basis von uucp-Verbindungen (STEVE M<br />
Die Zusammenarbeit von Apple mit Rank Xerox führt zur Apple<br />
Lisa, ein Mißerfolg, aber der Wegbereiter für den Macintosh.<br />
Plattenherstellerfirma Seagate gegründet.<br />
Gründung der Satelliten-Kommunikations-Firma Inmarsat.<br />
BJARNE STROUSTRUP beginnt mit der Entwicklung von C++.<br />
Programmiersprache Ada veröffentlicht.<br />
Betriebssystem DOS für Intel 8086/8088 von Fa. Seattle Comput<br />
Products entwickelt, später von Microsoft erworben.<br />
1980 Erster Jugendprogrammier-Wettbewerb der GI.<br />
Erster Home-Computer: Sinclair ZX-80, für rund 500 DM.<br />
Sony führt die 3,5-Zoll-Diskette ein. In den Folgejahren entwicke<br />
andere Firmen auch Disketten mit Durchmessern von 3 bis 4 Zo<br />
Microsoft bringt Xenix, ein UNIX für PCs, heraus.<br />
1981 Die Universität Karlsruhe erhält eine Siemens 7881 als<br />
zentralen Rechner.<br />
IBM bringt in den USA den IBM-PC heraus mit PC-DOS 1.0<br />
(MS DOS) als wichtigstem Betriebssystem.<br />
In Berlin wird der Chaos Computer Club gegründet.<br />
Xanadu-Projekt von TED NELSON, ein Vorläufer des Web.<br />
1982 Die Firma Sun Microsystems wird gegründet, entscheidet sich für<br />
UNIX und baut die ersten Workstations.<br />
JIM CLARK gründet Silicon Graphics, Inc. (SGI)<br />
SCOTT E. FAHLMAN, damals Student an der CMU, veröffentlich<br />
Grinsling (Smiley, Emoticon) :-).<br />
Beginn des EuNETs, einer der ersten deutschen Internet-Provid<br />
an der Universität Dortmund.<br />
WILLIAM GIBSON prägt das Wort Cyberspace.<br />
MORTON HEILIG präsentiert einen Spielautomaten für Motorra<br />
und Auto-Simulationen mit Stereotonfilm, Gebläse, Gerüchen un<br />
vibrierenden Sitzen, echt multimedial, aber erfolglos, da zu teue<br />
1983 Die Universität Karlsruhe erhält einen Vektorrechner Cyber 205<br />
und eine Siemens 7865. Die Cyber leistet 400 Mio. Flops.
510 ANHANG X. ZEITTAFEL<br />
Beginn des Lokalen Informatiknetzes Karlsruhe (LINK), ab 1984<br />
Xlink, in der Fakultät für Informatik der Universität Karlsruhe.<br />
IBM bringt den PC auf den deutschen Markt.<br />
UNIX kommt als System V von AT&T in den Handel,<br />
die erste Ausgabe der Zeitschrift Computertechnik (c’t) erscheint<br />
(Nr. 12/83 vom Oktober 1983).<br />
Gründung der X/Open-Gruppe.<br />
MS-DOS 2.0 (PC-DOS 2.0) und Novell Netware kommen heraus.<br />
Microsoft Windows wird angekündigt.<br />
Das ARPAnet wechselt von NCP auf TCP/IP.<br />
PAUL V. MOCKAPETRIS veröffentlicht in RFC 882 und 883 das Konz<br />
1984 Der erste Apple Macintosh (128K) und der Hewlett-Packard Thinkjet,<br />
der erste Tintenstrahldrucker, kommen auf den Markt.<br />
GNU-Projekt von RICHARD MATTHEW STALLMAN gegründet.<br />
Der IBM PC/AT mit Prozessor Intel 80 286 und MS-DOS 3.0<br />
kommen heraus.<br />
Siemens steigt in UNIX (Sinix) ein.<br />
Die Universität Karlsruhe wird Email-Relay für Deutschland<br />
zum Computer Science Net (CSNet) in den USA. Als erste Mail<br />
erhält Prof. ZORN, U. Karlsruhe, einen Gruß vom CSNet.<br />
Entwicklung des X Window Systems am MIT.<br />
1985 MS-Windows 1.0, IBM 3090 und IBM Token Ring Netz.<br />
XLink an der Universität Karlsruhe stellt als erstes deutsches<br />
Netz eine Verbindung zum nordamerikanischen ARPANET her.<br />
Hewlett-Packard bringt den ersten Laserjet-Drucker heraus.<br />
1986 Weltweit etwa eine halbe Million UNIX-Systeme und<br />
3000 öffentliche Datenbanken.<br />
In den USA nimmt das zivile NFSNET die Arbeit auf.<br />
Mit dem Computer-Investitionsprogramm des Bundes und der<br />
Länder (CIP) kommen mehrere HP 9000/550 unter UNIX an<br />
die Universität Karlsruhe.<br />
1987 Microsoft XENIX (ein UNIX) für den IBM PC/AT<br />
IBM bringt die PS/2-Reihe unter MS-OS/2 heraus.<br />
Weltweit mehr als 5 Millionen Apple Computer und etwa<br />
100 Millionen PCs nach Vorbild von IBM.<br />
Das MIT veröffentlicht das X Window System Version 11 (X11).<br />
In Berkeley wird die RAID-Technologie entwickelt.<br />
Beginn des baden-württembergischen Landeshochschulnetzes BelWu<br />
1988 JARKKO OIKARINEN, Finnland, entwickelt den IRC.<br />
Das Karlsruher Campusnetz KARLA wird durch das Glasfasernetz
511<br />
KLICK ersetzt. VBN-Strecke Karlsruhe - Stuttgart im BelWue-N<br />
Frankreich geht ans Internet (INRIA, Rocquencourt bei Paris).<br />
Gründung der Open Software Foundation (OSF) und der UNIX<br />
International Inc. MS-DOS 4.0 für PCs.<br />
Ein Internet-Wurm namens Morris geht auf die Reise, darauf<br />
hin Gründung des Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERT<br />
Erster Hoax (2400-baud-Modem-Hoax) im Internet, siehe CIAC.<br />
Erstes landmobiles Satellitensystem für Datenfunk (Inmarsat-C<br />
1989 Das NFSNET löst das ARPANET als Backbone des Internet ab.<br />
UNIX System V Release 4 vereinheitlicht System V, BSD und Xe<br />
Im Rechenzentrum Karlsruhe löst die IBM 3090 die<br />
Siemens 7881 ab. ISDN in Deutschland eingeführt.<br />
Erster deutscher Internet-Direktanschluss via Xlink, Karlsruhe.<br />
1990 Zunehmende Vernetzung, Anschluss an weltweite Netze.<br />
Die Internet Society (ISOC) schätzt das Internet auf 500.000 Kn<br />
Das ARPAnet stellt seinen Betrieb ein.<br />
Computer-Kommunikation mittels E-Mail, Btx und Fax vom<br />
Arbeitsplatz aus. Optische Speichermedien (CD-ROM, WORM).<br />
Das Web (URL, HTTP, HTML) von TIMOTHY BERNERS-LEE und<br />
ROBERT CAILLIAU am CERN in Genf entwickelt.<br />
UNIX System V Version 4.<br />
Die Hardware eines selbstmontierten PCs mit 386/20 kostet 10.0<br />
Die mittlere Computerdichte in technisch orientierten Instituten<br />
Familien erreicht 1 pro Mitglied.<br />
1991 Das UNIX-System OSF/1 mit dem Mach-Kernel der Carnegie-<br />
Mellon-Universität kommt heraus.<br />
17. Sep.: Anfang von LINUX (LINUS BENEDICT TORVALDS).<br />
Erster Web-Server in den USA: Stanford Linear Accelerator Cen<br />
MS-DOS 5.0 für PCs. Anfänge von Microsoft Windows NT.<br />
Das DE-NIC an der Universität Dortmund gegründet.<br />
IBM, Apple und Motorola kooperieren mit dem Ziel, einen<br />
Power PC zu entwickeln.<br />
1992 Am Neujahrstag stirbt GRACE MURRAY HOPPER, Konteradmiral de<br />
US Navy, wesentlich an der Entwicklung von COBOL beteiligt u<br />
Entdeckerin des ersten Bugs, einer Motte im Mark II der Harva<br />
Die Universität Karlsruhe nimmt den massiv parallelen<br />
Computer MasPar 1216A mit 16000 Prozessoren in Betrieb.<br />
Novell übernimmt von AT&T die UNIX-Aktivitäten (USL).<br />
FORTRAN 90 verabschiedet.<br />
Eine Million Knoten im Internet. Weltweit etwa 50 Web-Server.
512 ANHANG X. ZEITTAFEL<br />
Erster deutscher Web-Server, am DESY in Hamburg.<br />
1993 MS-DOS Version 6.0. Microsoft kündigt Windows-NT an.<br />
DEC stellt PC mit Alpha-Prozessor vor, 150 MHz, 14.000 DM.<br />
Novell tritt das Warenzeichen UNIX an die X/Open-Gruppe ab.<br />
MARC ANDREESSEN, NCSA, schreibt einen Web-Browser für das<br />
X Window System mit der Möglichkeit, farbige Grafiken darzustellen<br />
PATRICK VOLKERDING stellt die Linux-Distribution Slackware<br />
zusammen, die erste Distribution von einiger Verbreitung.<br />
IAN MURDOCK, Student an der Purdue University, stellt am 16. Aug<br />
das Debian-Projekt vor. Gegen Jahresende Debian GNU/Linux Versi<br />
Das Xlink-Projekt wird aus der Universität Karlsruhe ausgegliedert<br />
Das CERN gibt die WWW-Technologie allgemein frei.<br />
Weltweit etwa 250 Web-Server.<br />
Das DE-NIC zieht ans Rechenzentrum der Universität Karlsruhe.<br />
1994 Linux 1.0 veröffentlicht.<br />
MATTHIAS ETTRICH startet das KDE-Projekt.<br />
Das Internet umfasst etwa 4 Mio. Knoten und 20 Mio. Benutzer.<br />
Erste Spam-Mail (Canter + Siegel). Erste Banner-Werbung (Wired).<br />
MARC ANDREESSEN und JIM CLARK gründen die Firma Netscape.<br />
1995 Kommerzielle Netze lösen in den USA das NFSNET als Backbone ab.<br />
Die X/Open-Gruppe führt die Bezeichnung UNIX 95 für Systeme<br />
ein, die der Single UNIX Specification genügen.<br />
Die Universität Karlsruhe ermöglicht in Zusammenarbeit<br />
mit dem Oberschulamt nordbadischen Schulen den Zugang zum<br />
Internet. Ähnliche Projekte werden auch an einigen anderen<br />
Hoch- und Fachhochschulen durchgeführt.<br />
Die Programmiersprache JAVA wird von Sun veröffentlicht.<br />
Online-Auktionshaus Ebay als Sammlerbörse in den USA gegründet<br />
Der Webserver Apache Release 1.0 veröffentlicht.<br />
Weltweit etwa 50000 Web-Server.<br />
1996 Die Massen und Medien entdecken das Internet.<br />
Debian GNU/Linux Version 1.1 (buzz) wird veröffentlicht, zum<br />
Jahresende folgt Version 1.2 (rex).<br />
FORTRAN 95, eine revidierte Fassung von FORTRAN 90, fertig.<br />
Intel bringt den Universal Serial Bus (USB) auf den Markt.<br />
Die Open Software Foundation (OSF) und X/Open schließen sich zur<br />
Open Group zusammen.<br />
1997 Fast Ethernet ist erschwinglich geworden, über das Gigabit-Ethernet<br />
wird geredet. In Deutschland gibt es rund 20 Mio. PCs und<br />
1 Mio. Internetanschlüsse (Quelle: Fachverband Informationstechnik
513<br />
Debian GNU/Linux Version 1.3 (bo) freigegeben, rund 1000 Pake<br />
Single UNIX Specification Version 2 im Web veröffentlicht.<br />
HTML 4.0 vom W3C freigegeben.<br />
Die Xlink Internet Service Gmbh wird eine hundertprozentige T<br />
des niederländisch-amerikanischen Telekommunikationskonzern<br />
der 2002 insolvent und aufgelöst wird.<br />
Der Buchversender Amazon meldet ein Patent an dergestalt, da<br />
mit einem Mausklick im Internet eine Ware bestellt.<br />
1998 Compaq übernimmt die Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC).<br />
IBM bringt DOS 2000 heraus, Microsoft kündigt Windows 2000<br />
Die Suchmaschine Google Inc. gegründet.<br />
Debian GNU/Linux Version 2.0 (hamm) freigegeben, 1500 Paket<br />
KDE 1.0 veröffentlicht. 9-GB-Festplatten kosten 500 DM.<br />
Gigabit-Ethernet-Standard IEEE 802.3z verabschiedet.<br />
Gründung der Bluetooth Special Interest Group durch Ericsson,<br />
Intel, IBM, Nokia und Toshiba.<br />
JONATHAN B. POSTEL, einer der Apostel des Internet und Autor<br />
vieler RFCs, gestorben. Siehe RFC 2441: Working with Jon und<br />
RFC 2468: I Remember IANA.<br />
1999 Das Y2K-Problem – die Jahrtausendwende – beschäftigt die Gemüte<br />
weil die Programmierer früherer Jahrzehnte mit den Bits knaus<br />
Der RFC 2550 löst auch gleich das Y10K-Problem.<br />
Debian GNU/Linux Version 2.1 (slink) kommt heraus.<br />
Betreiber großer Suchmaschinen schätzen die Anzahl der<br />
Web-Seiten weltweit auf 1 Milliarde.<br />
LINUS B. TORVALDS wird Ehrendoktor der Universität Stockho<br />
2000 Das Y2K-Problem hat sich praktisch nicht ausgewirkt.<br />
Den 29. Februar 2000 haben wir auch gut überstanden, einen Sc<br />
nach einer Regel, die nur alle 400 Jahre angewendet wird.<br />
Debian GNU/Linux Version 2.2 (potato) kommt heraus, 6500 Pak<br />
Microsoft Windows 2000 ist erhältlich. Ein Macro-Virus namens<br />
Love Letter sorgt für Aufregung – außerhalb der Linux/UNIX-We<br />
Der Intel Pentium kommt bei einer Taktfrequenz von 1,5 GHz an<br />
Zum Jahresende 2 Mio. Internet-Hosts in Deutschland (Quelle: R<br />
2001 CLAUDE ELWOOD SHANNON gestorben, gilt als Erfinder des Bits<br />
und Begründer der Informationstheorie.<br />
JIMMY DONAL WALES und LAWRENCE MARK SANGER starten<br />
in den USA die Wikipedia, eine internationale Online-Enzyklopä<br />
der Grundlage eines Wikis.<br />
Die SCO (Santa Cruz Operation) verkauft ihre UNIX-Rechte an
514 ANHANG X. ZEITTAFEL<br />
die sich daraufhin The SCO Group nennt und durch einige Prozesse<br />
2002 Die Einführung der Euro-Währung führt zu einem neuen Zeichen<br />
in internationalen Zeichensätzen.<br />
Im Herbst befällt der Wurm Slapper zahlreiche Webserver unter Lin<br />
Debian GNU/Linux Version 3.0 (woody) wird als stabil freigegeben.<br />
Die Distribution umfasst 8700 Pakete.<br />
2004 PCs werden zunehmend ohne Floppy-Laufwerk ausgeliefert.<br />
Ubuntu Linux, ein Debian-Derivat, erscheint erstmals.<br />
Politische Überlegungen, die Patentierung von Software zuzulassen,<br />
bedrohen die Open Source Welt.<br />
2005 Anfang Juni wird Debian GNU/Linux Version 3.1 (sarge) nach reiflicher<br />
Überlegung als stabil freigegeben und löst 3.0r6 (woody) ab;<br />
die Distribution umfasst rund 15.000 Pakete. Woody wird damit<br />
zur Old-stable-Version, etch rückt zur Testing-Version auf.<br />
In Frankfurt (M) findet die Wikimania 2005 statt, die erste internati<br />
Wikimedia-Konferenz.<br />
Die deutsche Wikipedia nähert sich der Marke von 300.000 Einträge<br />
Internet-Telefonie (Voice over IP) ist stark im Kommen.<br />
Prof. KARL STEINBUCH gestorben.<br />
Ende des Jahres kommt X11R7 heraus.<br />
Der weltweit leistungsfähigste Rechner – ein IBM Blue Gene – läuft<br />
unter einem Linux (Quelle: http://www.top500.org/).<br />
2006 Die englische Wikipedia überschreitet die Marke von 1,5 Mio. Einträgen<br />
die deutsche 500.000, die französische 400.000, die japanische und<br />
die polnische 300.000, die schwedische, italienische, niederländische<br />
und portugiesische 200.000.<br />
Laut http://www.netcraft.com/ sind die am häufigsten<br />
besuchten Websites Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, BBC, CNN, Ebay,<br />
Fox News, Amazon und Wikipedia.<br />
Das Deutsche Forschungsnetz nimmt das X-Win in Betrieb, eine<br />
Netzinfrastruktur mit Anschlüssen bis zu 10 Gigabit/s und<br />
43 Kernstandorten.<br />
Mitte des Jahres gibt es 10 Mio. Einträge unter der Top Level Domai<br />
.de, sie ist damit weltweit nach .com die zweitumfangreichste.<br />
2007 Debian stellt den Sicherheitssupport für woody ein und<br />
erklärt zu Ostern die Version 4.0 (etch) mit Kern 2.6.18<br />
als stabil.<br />
Apple Inc. erwirbt CUPS von Easy Software Products.<br />
Im Sommer überschreitet die deutschsprachige Wikipedia die Marke<br />
600.000 Einträgen, der RFC 5001 wird veröffentlicht.
515<br />
Die FSF veröffentlicht die Version 3 der GNU GPL und der GNU<br />
The SCO Group (siehe 2001) beantragt Insolvenz nach Chapter<br />
Nach der Statistik von www.top500.org vom November setzen 42<br />
schnellsten Rechner weltweit ein Linux-Betriebssystem ein. Bei<br />
Herstellern führt IBM vor Hewlett-Packard und Dell, bei den Lä<br />
die USA vor dem UK und Deutschland.<br />
2008 Im Januar überschreitet die deutschsprachige Wikipedia die Marke<br />
700.000 Einträgen und ist nach der englischen die zweitgrößte.<br />
AOL stellt Entwicklung und Vertrieb des Web-Browsers Netscap<br />
Im Februar weiht das Forschungszentrum Jülich einen Supercom<br />
IBM Blue Gene ein, der der schnellste zivil genutzte Rechner de<br />
Die Kiste ist nicht nur schnell, sondern geht auch sparsam mit d