1992 (1985-1986)

ziRAi MUCADELE ARA~TIRMA YILLIGI 

PLANT PROTECTION RESEARCH ANNUAL 

No: 20 - 21 

1985 -1986 

T.C. 

TARIM VE KOYt~LERt BAKANLICH 

TARIMSAL ARA~TIRMALAR GENEL MOnORLUOU 

BtTKt KORUMA ARA~TIRMA DAtRE BA~KANLIOI 

Adma 

ANKARA ZtRAt MUCADELE ARA~TIRMA ENSTtTOSU 

MUnORLUCrO 

Diizenleme Kurulu 

Dr. Bald TA~TAN 

Dr. Kadir MELAN 

Kadriye tKtZUNAL 

Dr. Mete A YDEMtR 

Dr. Oya OZMEN 

Dr. Seher BENLtOOLU 

Zirai Mucadele Ara§llrma Enstitlisu 

Bagdat Caddesi No: 250, P.K. 49 

YenimahallelANKARA, 06172 

Tel: 344 59 93 ('+ Hat) 

3157563 (2 Hat) 

Fax: 315 1531 

ANKARA 1992

Not: Ara§trrma Kurumlanndan gonderilen makale ozetleri orijinallerine gore basIlml§tlr.

ONSOZ 

Giiniimiiz modem tanm tekniklerinin aynlmaz bir 

parcas1 olan Zirai Miicadele Uygulamalannm amacma 

ula$abilmesi, ancak bu konularda yapllml$ olan arU$tlrmalardan 

elde edilen bulgulara baglzdlr. Bilind@i gibi, 

yurdumuzdaki Zirai Miicadele ArU$ttrma hizmetleri 

1930'lu yulardanberi Zirai Miicadele ArU$ttrma Enstitii'lerinde, 

belirli ilkeler cercevesinde ve bilimsel olarak 

yiiriitiilmektedir. Bu arU$ttrmalardan elde edilen bulgularm 

bilime katklSl yanmda, bunlarm vakit gecirilmeden degi$ik 

yollarla prat@e aktanlmasl sonucu, Zirai Miicadele 

sorunlan coziilmekte ve netice olarak milli ekonomiye katkl 

saglanmaktadlr. 

Zirai Miicadele alanmdaki ara$ttrma sonuclarmm, 

gerek bilirn diinyasma ve gerekse uygulama kurulU$lanna 

duyurulmasl amacl ile, Zirai Miicadele ve ArU$ttrma 

Yulrgl, BakanlrglmLZ tarafindan 1970 yumda yaymlanmaya 

bU$lanml$w. Bu hizmet, 1985 yuma kadar ba$anll bir 

$ekilde devam ettirilmi$tir. Ancak, Yulzgm bu tarihten sonraki 

saYllarmm yayml ce$itli nedenlerden dolaYl gercekle$tirllememi$tir. 

BakanlrgtmlZm 1992 yumda saglaml$ oldugu mali 

imkanlar ve te$vikler sonucu; Ankara Zirai Miicadele 

ArU$ttrma Enstitiisii elemanlarmdan olU$an Diizenleme 

Kurulu'nun biiyUk gayretleri ile, 1985 ve 1986 Ylllannda 

Zirai Miicadele alanmda tamamlanml$ olan 111 projeye 

ait sonuclar, elinizde bulunan bu Yulzk'ta yaymlanml$ bulunmaktadlr. 

Boylece biiyUk emek, Odenek ve zaman harcanarak 

yiiriitiilen ve ozellikle uygulamada kar$lla$uan

sorunlann eoziim.i1ne l$lk tutan Zirai Mi.icadele ArU$tuma 

sonuelan. bir araya getirilmi$; gee de olsa. bilirn diinyaslna 

ve eifteilere ulU$tlnlml$ olmaktadlf. Aynca. bir siiredir 

ara verilmi$ olan. Ulkemiz Zirai Mi.icadele ArU$ttrmalanmn 

yurt dl$mda tamtlmma yeniden ba$lanarak bir silredir 

yerine getirilemeyen. dl$ illkelerden gelen taleplere cevap 

verilebilmesi saglanacaktlf. 

1Yim imkanlar zorlanarak. Zirai Milcadele Ara$tlrma 

Ylllrglmn 1987 Ylllndan gilnilmilze kadarki birikmi$ saYllannm. 

onilmilzdeki bir-iki Yll icerisinde basllmasl ve bundan 

sonra da her Yll dilzenli bir $ekilde yaymlanmasl 

amaelanml$ bulunmaktadlf. 

Bu eserde yer alan eah$malan gereekle$tiren ve ya 

Ylnlanmasmda emegi geeen tilm ara$tlrmacllanmLZa te 

$ekkilr eder. aramLZdan aynIml$ oianian saygl ile yad 

ederim. Bu ara$tuma sonuclannm, bilim dilnyasl ve 1Yirk 

tanmma yararll olmaslm dilerim. 

ANKARA, 1992 

Alpaslan PEHLivANTURK 

Genel Mildilr

i

Qukurova Bolgesinde sebzelerdeki Yaprakbitlerinin hastahk 

etmenlerinden Entomophthora (Entomophthorales : Entomopthoraceae) 

tOrlerinin yaYlh§ ve konukcuian Ozerinde on 

cah§malar ........................................ ....... ....... ............................ 

Sayfa 

Page 

A preliminary study on the host and distributions of the 

species of Entomopthora (Entomopthorales, Entomophthoraceae) 

which are disease pathogens of aphids on the 

vegetable crops in the Qukurova Region ............................. 19 

Orta Anadolu Bolgesinde patateslerde zarar yapan Patates 

bOcegi (Leptlnotarsa decemllneata Say)'ne kar§1 ilaQ denemesi 

........................................................................................... 20 

Chemical experiment against Colorado potato beetle (Leptlnotarsa 

decemllneata Say) in Central Anatolia ........... .... 21 

Ege Bolgesinde c;e§itli kOltOr bitkilerinde zararh olan Ye§ilkurt 

Heliothis armlgera (Hbn.) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae),a kar§1 

biopreparatlar ile sava§lm Ozerine on c;ah§malar ...................... 22 

ContrOl of Cotton bollworm (Hellothls armlgera) (Hbn.) 

(Lep. Noctuidae) with viral insecticide Elcar ......................... 22 

Ege Bolgesinde mercimeklerde zarar yapan Mercimek tohum 

bOcegi (Bruchus lentis Frohl.) (Col: Bruchidae),nin tarla ko 

§ullannda kimyasal mOcadelesi Ozerinde c;alt§malar ....... ......... 23 

Chemical field experiments against the Lentil seed beetle 

(Bruchus lentis Frohl.) (Col.: Bruchidae) which is harmful 

on lentil in Aegean Region .................................... .............. 23 

Gaziantep ilinde mercimek bitkisinde zararh olan Ortadogu 

mercimek tohum bOcegi (Bruchus ervl Frohl.)'ne kar§1 ilaQ 

denemesi .... ... ................... ............ ................. ........................ .... 24 

Chemical test against the Middle East lentil weevil (Bruchus 

ervi Frohl.) on lentils in Gaziantep ................................ 25 

C. MEYVE VE BAG ZARARLILARI 

FRUIT AND VINE PESTS 

GOneydogu Anadolu Bolgesindeki elma agac;lannda zarar yapan 

Elma govde kurdu (Synanthedon myopaeformis Brokh. 

Lep., Aegeriidae)'na kar§1 ilaQ denemesi .................................. 29 

Chemicals experiments against Apple clearwing (Synanthedon 

myopaefomls Borkh. Lep., Aegeriidae) on apple 

trees in Southeast Anatolian Region ......................... ........... 30 

19 

II

Orta Anadolu Bolgesinde elma agaclannda zarar yapan Elma 

govde kurdu (Synanthedon myopaeformis Borkh., Lep. Aegeriidae)'na 

kar~1 ilac denemesi ................................................ 

Chemical treatment against Small red-belted clearwing 

(Synnathedon myopaeformis Borkh. Lepidoptera- 

Aegeriidae) harmful on apple trees in Central Anatolia ........ 

Guneydogu Anadolu Bolgesinde elma agaclannda zarar yapan 

Elma govde kurdu (Synanthedon myopaeformis 

Borkh, Lep., Aegeriidae),na kar~1 kimyasal mucadele metodunun 

iyile~tirilmesi uzerinde ara~tlrmalar .................................... 

Investigation on possibilities of curring of protection method 

of Apple clearwing (Synanthedon myopaeformis 

Borkh.) on apple trees in Southeast Anatolian Region ........ 

Sayfa 

Page 

31 

32 

33 

34 

Orta Anadolu Bolgesi elma agaglannda zarar yapan Tomur 

cuk tlrtilian (Hedya nubiferana Haw. Spilonata ocellana 

F.)'na ve yaprak buken (Archips spp.)'e kar~1 ilag denemesi .. 

Chemical treatment against Bud moths (Hedya nubiferena 

(Haw)., Spilonota ocellana F.) and Twist moth (Arc- 

hips spp ..) on trees in Central Anatolia .............................. 

36 

Guneydou Anadolu Bolgesinde Elma igkurdu (Cydia pomonella 

L. )' kar~1 Hag denemesi ................................................... 37 

Chemical experiments against Codling moth (Cydia pomonella 

L. )on apple trees in South East Anatolia Region 38 

35 

Dogu Anadolu Bolgesinde elma agaglannda Elma igkurdu 

(Cydia pomonella L. ),na kar~1 ilag denemesi ......... ..... ........... 

Chemical control experiments on Apple Codling moth 

(Cydia pomonella L) in East Anatolia ............................... 

Orta Anadolu Bolgesinde elma agaglannda zarar yapan Elma 

igkurdu (Cydia pomonella L.)na kar~1 ilag denemesi................ 

Chemical test against Codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) 

harmful on apple trees in Central Anatolia ........... ..... ........... 

Karadeniz Bolgesi elma bahgelerinde entegre sava~ olanaklan 

Ozerinde ga"~malar ..... ....... ..... ........... .................... ......... ....... 

Research on the integrated control possibilities in apple 

orchards in the Black Sea Region of Turkey........................ 

39 

40 

41 

42 

44 

47

Akdeniz Bolgesi §eftali aga

Sayfa 

Page 

Chemical test against Oyster shell-scale (Lepidosaphes 

ulml L.) harmful on fruit trees in Central Anatolia ................ 60 

Orta Anadolu Bolgesinde meyve agactlannda zarar yapan VirgOI 

kabuklubiti (Lepidosaphes ulmi L.lne kar§l ilact denemesi 

............................................................................................... 61 

Winter chemical test against Oyster-shell scale (Lepidosaphes 

ulmi L.) harmful on fruit trees in Central Anatolia ... 62 

Orta Anadolu Bolgesinde meyve agactlannda zarar yapan San 

jose kabuklubiti (Qudraspidiotus perniciosus Comst.)'ne 

kar§1 kl§ ilact denemesi .................... ............................ .............. 63 

Chemical experiments against the San jose scale (Quadraspidiotus 

perniciosus Comst.) on apples in winter in 

Central Anatolia ................................................................... 64 

Akdeniz Bolgesi meyve agactlannda zarar yap an Akdiken klrmlzl 

orOrncegi, Tetranychus viennensis Tacher'e kar§1 ilact 

denemesi ........... ......... ..... ............ ..... .......... ......... ....... .............. 65 

Chemical experiment on Hawthorn spider mite, Tetranychus 

viennensis Tacher., injurious on fruit trees in Mediterranean 

Region of Turkey............. .......... ............ .............. 66 

Orta Anadolu Bolgesi baglannda Salklm gOvesi (Lobesia botrana 

Den. et Schiff)'nin cinsel ctekici tuzaklarla mucadele zamanlnln 

saptanmasl ve tuzaklann erken uyanda kullamlma 

olanaklan Ozerinde ara§tlrmalar ............................................... 67 

Investigations on the determination of chemical application 

time by using sex-pheromon traps against European grape 

berry moth (Lobesia botrana Den, et Schiff, Lep.: Tortricidae) 

and the possibility of the use of these traps in agricultural 

warning and forecasting program ................................. 68 

Orta Anadolu Baglannda zarar yapan Salklm gOvesi (Lobesia 

botrana Den.et Schiff)'ne kar§1 ilact denemesi .......................... 69 

Chemical control of European grape berry moth (Lobesia 

botrana Den et Schift)in vineyards in Central Anatolia ........ 70 

GOneydogu Bolgesinde baglarda zarar yapan Salklm gOvesi 

(Lobesia botrana Schiff. and Dem.,Lep.: Tortricidae)'ne kar§1 

ilact denemesi ..... .............. .......... ................. ............ .................. 71 

Chemical experiments against Grape moth (Lobesia botrana 

Schiff. and Den.) on vine in South East Anatolian Region 

...................................................................................... 72 

v

Sayfa 

Page 

Igel iii baglannda zarar yapan maymuncuklann (Strophomorphus 

ctenotus Desbr. Col., Curculionidae) savallnda 

kullamlabilecek ilaglann araltmlmasl ........................................ 73 

Studies on chemical control of Strophomorphus cteno- 

Ius Desbr. Col., (Curculionidae), injurious on grapevines of 

Igel province ....................................................................... . 74 

Igel iii baglannda zarar yapan bag maymuncugu, Strophomorphus 

ctenotus Desbr. (Col., Curculionidae; a karlI ilag 

denemesi .................................................................................. . 76 

Chemical experiment on Strophomorphus ctenotus 

Desbr. (Col., Curculionidae), injurious on grapevines of 

Igel province ........................................................................ . 77 

D. ENDOSTRi VE sOS BiTKiLERi ZARARLILARI 

INDUSTRIAL AND ORNAMENTAL PLANT PESTS 

Electrodyn ile Ege Bolgesi pamuklannda zararh emici boceklere 

karl1 ilaglamalann etkilerinin araltmlmasl Ozerinde on gahlmalar 

....................... ...................... ........................................ 81 

Research work on the effectiveness of electrodyn against 

Tetranychus urticae (Koch.) and T.cinnabarinus Boisd. 

on cotton in Aegean Region ...... ................. ............ .............. 81 

Bazl sentetik prethroidlerin pamukta Klrmlzl orOmcek (Tetranychus 

urticae (Koch.) ve T.cinnabarinus BOisd.) populasyonlanm 

artlrmadaki rolleri Ozerinde araltJrmalar ................ 82 

The effect of some prethroids on increasing the Spider mite 

populations on cotton ..................................................... . 

GOneydogu Anadolu Bolgesinde tOtOnde $eftali yaprakbiti 

(Myzus (NGClaroslphon) persicae Sulz.),ne karl1 onerilen 

ilaglann dOlOrOlen dozlanmn zararhya ve avcl boceklere olan 

etkileri ..... ....... ....... ..... .............. .......... ................. ............ ..... ...... 83 

Ses influences les bas doses des pesticides qui conseillent 

a puceron vert du pecher sur Ie tabac (Myzus (Nectarosiphon) 

persicae Sulz.) contre Ie ravageur et les predateurs 

dans la Region de Sud-Est Anatolie ....................... 85 

Ege Bolgesinde yaprak biti (Myzus persicae Sulzer),nin tUtOnlerde 

neden oldugu OrOn kaYlplannm saptanmasl Ozerine 

on

Sayfa 

Page 

GOneydogu Anadolu BOlgesinde ~eftali yaprakbiti (Myzus 

(Nectarosiphonj persicae Sulz.)'nin tOtOnde neden oldugu 

OrOn kaYlplannm saptanmasl Ozerinde on c;ah~malar .............. . 88 

Crop losses on tobacco caused by Green peach aphid 

(Myzus (Nectarosiphonj persicae Sulz.) in Southeastern 

Anatolia ............................................................................... . 89 

Ege Bolgesi tOtOnlerinde Kesicikurt (Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.) 

ve A. segetum (Schiff.)) larvalanna kar~1 ilac; denemesi ......... . 90 

Chemical test against Cutworms (Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.) 

and A.segetum (Schiff.)) on tobacco in Aegean Region ..... 91 

Ege Bolgesi ikinci OrOn ekim alanlanndaki soya ve susam'da 

gorOlen hastallk, zararh, yabanclotlar ve bunlann dogal dO~manlan 

Ozerinde ara~tlrmalar .................................................. . 92 

Investigations on the pests of soybean and sesame and 

their natural enemies in the second crop plantations in Aegean 

Region ....................................................................... . 92 

Ege Bolgesinde ticari amac;la yeti~tirilen sOs bitkilerinde gorOlen 

zararhlar ve bunlarla sava~lm olanaklannm saptanmasl 

Ozerinde ara~tlrmalar ................................................................ 93 

Investigations on the pests and control measures of ornamental 

plants cultivated commercially in Aegean Region .... 95 

Marmara Bolgesinde depolanml~ ayc;ic;egi tohumluklarmdaki 

zararlilann tesbiti ....................................................................... 97 

Determination of the pests in stored sunflower seeds in the 

Marmara Region ................................................................. . 98 

E. SUBTROPiKAL BiTKi ZARARLILARI 

~UBTROPICAL PLANT PESTS 

Gaziantep iii antepflstlklannda yaygm olan kabuklu bit ve ko~nil 

tOrlerinin biyolojileri, dogal dO~manlan ve kl~ ilac;lamalannm 

bazl onemli zararhlara olan etkileri Ozerinde ara~tlrmalar.... 101 

Investigations on the biology and natural enemies of common 

scale insects and effectiveness of winter sprays on 

some important pests of pistachio trees (Pistachia vera 

L.) in Gaziantep province .................................................... . 102 

GOneydogu Anadolu Bolgesinde antep flstlklannda zarar yapan 

Flstlk goz kurdu (Thaumatopoea solitaria Freyer, Lep.; 

Thaumatopoidae)'na kar~1 ilac; denemesi ................................ . 104 

VII

Sayfa 

Page 

Chemical experiments against (Thaumatopoea solitaria 

Freyer, Lep.; Thaumetopoidae ) on pistachio trees in Southeast 

Anatolian Region ..................................................... 105 

Antepflstlklannda zararh $Irah zenk (idiocerus stali Fieb.)'in 

erken uyan olanaklan Ozerinde gah§malar ............... ..... ..... ...... 106 

Studies on early warning possibilities on control of Idiocerus 

stali Fieb.; injurious on pistachio trees .......................... 107 

Akdeniz B61gesi zeytinliklerinde zarar yapan Zeytin gOvesi 

Prays oleae Bern.'ne kar§1 ilag denemesi ...... .......................... 108 

Chemical trial against Olive moth, Prays oleae Bern. in 

Mediterranean Region of Turkey.. ......... .................... .... ....... 109 

Turunggil unlubiti'nin (Planococcus cltri (Risso)) (Hom.: Pseudococcidae) 

dogal dO§manmm (Sympherobius tal/ax (= 

amicus = sanctus) Navas) (Neu.: Hemerobiidae) kitle Oretimi 

ve Antalya ko§ullannda etkinliginin ara§tlnlmaSI Ozerinde on 

gah§malar .................................... :... ............................. ........ ...... 110 

Mass production of Sympherobius tal/ax (= amicus = 

sanctus) Navas (Neu.: Hemerobiidae) the natural enemy 

of Citrus mealybug (Planococcus citri (Risso)) (Hom.: 

Pseudococcidae) and preilminary studies on the determination 

of effectiveness on the predator in the Antalya province 

conditions ..................... ................... ....... ............. ........ 111 

Dimilin 25 WP preparatlnm Yumurta paraziti Trichogramma 

embryophagum (Hartig) (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae),na kar§1 

etkileri Ozerinde on ara§tlrmalar .................. ,. .................. .... ...... 112 

The effect of Dimilin 25 WP (Diflubenzuron) on hatching 

and fecundity of Trichogramma embryophagum Hartig 

(Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) ................................................. 112 

Dimilin 25 WP ilaclnm laboratuvarda parazit ve predatorlere 

etkisinin saptanmasl ........... ............ ........ ....... .................. .......... 113 

The influence of Dimilin 25 WP to paraSites and predators 

in laboratory conditions .. .................. ...... ........................ ..... . 114 

Antalya B61gesinde turunggil beyaz sinegi (Dialurodes citri 

Ashm.) (Hom.: Aleurodidae)'nm dogal dO§manlannm saptanmas 

I ve Aschersonla aleyrodis Webb:in b61geye yerle§tirilmesi 

Ozerinde on gah§malar ......... .............. ......... .......... ..... ...... 115 

Preliminary studies on determination of natural enemies of 

Citrus whitefly (Dialeudores citri Ashm.) (Hom. Aleurodidae) 

in Antalya province and attempts to introduce Aschersonia 

aleyrodis Webb. into the region ... ....................... 116 

VIII

F. AMBAR ZARARLILARI 

STORAGE PESTS 

Sayfa 

Page 

Izmir ilinde ambarlanml~ OrOnlerde bulunan akarlar Ozerinde 

en

A. HUBUBAT HASTALlKLARI 

CEREAL DISEASES 

FiTOPATOLOJi 

PHYTOPATHOLOGY 

Sayfa 

Page 

Orta Anadolu BOlgesinde Bugday surme hastahgl (Tilletia foetida 

(Wallr.) Lira ve T.caries (DC.) Tul.)'na kar§1 ila

B. SEBZE VE YEM BiTKiLERi HASTALlKLARI 

VEGETABLE AND FODDER DISEASES 

Sayfa 

Page 

Akdeniz Bolgesinde domateslerde kuriiuni kOf (Botrytis cinerea 

Pers.) hastallgtna karii' ila

Sayfa 

Page 

Elma aga

Sayfa 

Page 

Akdeniz b61gesinde Bag kOliemesi (Uncinula necator 

(Schwein.) Burr.) hastahgma kar~1 en uygun mOcadele metodunun 

tesbiti Ozerinde ara~tlrmalar ........................................... 182 

Des travailles sur la methode de luUe la plus convenable 

contre I'oidium (Uncinula necator (Schwein.) Burr.) de la 

vigne dans la Region de la MMiterraneenne .... ........ .... ....... 183 

D. ENDOSTRi VE SOT BiTKiLERi HASTALlKLARI 

INDUSTRIAL AND ORNAMENTAL PLANT DISEASES 

Ege B61gesinde ikinci OrOn ekim alanlannda g6rOIen bakteriyel 

hastallklar Ozerinde ara~tlrmalar ......................................... 187 

Investigation on the bacterial diseases encountered in the 

second crop fields in Aegean Region ................................... 188 

Ege B61gesinde ikinci OrOn soya ve susam ekim alanlannda 

g6rOIen fungal hastahkla/ Ozerinde ara~tlrmalar ....................... 189 

Investigations on fungal diseases of soybean and sesame 

grown as a second crop in the Aegean Region .. ................. 190 

E. SUBTROPiKAL BiTKi HASTALlKLARI 

SUBTROPICAL PLANT DISEASES 

Turunggillerde Phytophthora citrophtora (Sm. et Sm.) Leon'un 

neden oldugu g6vde zamklanmasl hastallgma kar~1 mOcadele 

olanaklan Ozerinde ara~tlrmalar .................................... 193 

Des recherches sur les possibilites de luUe contre la gommose 

d'i collet d'agrumes cause par Phytophthora citrophthora 

(Sm. et Sm.) Leon .............................................. 194 

Dogu Karadeniz B61gesi gay (Camellia sinensis L.) plantasyonlannda 

hastallk olu~~turan etmenlerin tespiti Ozerinde on 

gall~malar .................................................................................. 195 

Preliminary studies on the determination of agents causing 

diseases in the tea (Camellia sinensis L.) plantations in 

the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey...... ...... ................. 196 

XIII

YABANCIOTLAR 

WEEDS 

Orta Anadolu Bolgesi bugday tarlalannda gorGlen yabanclotlara 

kargl ila

Weed control in wheat with Pardner (Bromoxynil) in Southeast 

Anatolia ...................................................................... 

GOneydogu Anadolu Bolgesinde ge1tikte yabanclotlara kar§1 

ila9 denemesi ............................................................................ 

Chemical tests against weeds in Rice in Southeast Anatolia 

Marmara Bolgesinde hububaHa sorun olan dar yaprakh ya 

banclotlara kar§1 ila9h mOcadele olanaklan Ozerinde ara§tlrmalar 

......................................................................................... 

Investigation on the possibilities of chemical control against 

the grass weeds in cereal crops .................................... 

Marmara Bolgesinde geltikte sorun olan yabanclotlara kar§1 

ila9 denemesi ......... .................................. ................... .............. 

Chemical trials against weeds common in rice fields in 

Marmara Region ........... ...................................................... . 

Fasulyede sorun olan yabanclotlara kar§1 ila9 denemesi ......... 

Chemical test on weeds in bean fields ..... ....... ..... ......... ....... 

Gaziantep ile mercimek tarlalannda sarun olan dar ve geni§ 

yaprakh yabanclotlara kar§1 ila9 denemesi ............................... 

Chemical control studies against weeds in lentil fields in 

Gaziantep province .. ............... ............ ....... .................... ...... 

Karadeniz Bolgesinde mercimek (Lens esculenta Moench.) 

tarlalanndaki yabanclotlara kar§1 ila9 denemesi ....................... 

Chemical test against weeds in lentil (Lens esculenta Moench.) 

fields in Black-Sea Region ........................................ 

GOneydogu Anadolu Bolgesinde mercimek (Lens esculenta 

Moench.) tarlalannda sorun olan dar ve geni§ yaprakh yabanclotlara 

kar§1 ila9 denemesi ....................................................... 

Chemical test against grasses and broad-leaved weeds in 

lentil (Lens esculenta Moench.) in Southeast Anatolia Region 

...................................................................................... 

Orta Anadolu bOlgesi mercimek tarlalannda sorun olan dar ve 

geni§ yaprakll yabanclotlara kar§1 ila9 denemesi ...................... 

Chemical tirals against grasses and broad-leaved weeds 

in lentil in Central Anatolia Region ... ............... ..................... 

Sayfa 

Page 

214 

215 

216 

217 

218 

219 

220 

221 

222 

223 

224 

225 

226 

227 

228 

229 

230 

xv

Karadeniz B61gesinde soya tarlalannda yabanclotlara kar~1 

ilag denemesi ............................................................................ 

Chemical Trials against weeds in soybean fields in Black- 

Sea Region ..... ............ ..... ..... .............. ..... ............ ................ 

Sayfa 

Page 

231 

232 

Ege B61gesi soya fasulyesi tarlalannda g6rOIen tek Yillik dar 

ve geni~ yaprakh yabanclotlara kar~1 ilag denemesi ..... ........ .... 233 

Chemical trials against annual narrow and broad-leaved 

weeds in soja in Aegean Region .......................................... 

Ege b61gesi ikinci OrOn ekim alanlannda g6rOIen yabanclotlar 

ve bunlann ilagh mOcadeleleri Ozerinde ara~tlrmalar ................ 

Investigation on weeds of second crops and their chemical 

controls ........................... .................................... .................. 

Orta Anadolu b61gesi domates tarlalannda sorun olan yabanclotlara 

kar~1 Enide ilaclnln denenmesi .................................... 

Chemical trials with Enide against weeds in tomato Fields 

in Central Anatolia Region .......................................... ......... 

233 

234 

235 

236 

237 

Karadeniz B61gesinde domates ve biberlerde sorun olan yabanclotlarla 

ilagh sava~lm olanaklannln ara~tJrllmasl ............... 238 

Investigations on the herbicidal control of possibilities of 

weeds causing damage to tomatoes and peppers in the 

Black Sea Region....................... ......... .......... ............ ........... 

Orta Anadolu B61gesi patates tarlalannda sorun olan dar yaprakh 

yabanclotlara kar~1 ilag denemesi ......... ............................ 

Chemical trials against grasses in potato fields in Central 

Anatolia Region .................................................................... 

Orta Anadolu B61gesi havug ekim alanlannda sorun olan yabanclotlara 

kar~1 Gesegard 500 FW ilaclnln denenmesi .......... 

Trials with Gesagard 500 FW against weeds in carrot fields 

in Central Anatolia Region ................................ .... ....... 

239 

240 

240 

241 

242 

Orta Anadolu B61gesi kimyon ekili~ alanlanndaki yabanclotlara 

kar~1 afalon-S ilaclnln denenmesi ......................................... 

Chemical trials with afalon-S against weeds in caraway fields 

in Central Anatolia Region ...... ........ ....................... ....... 

Ege B61gesi pamuk tarlalannda g6rOIen yabanclotlara kar~1 

ilag denemesi ............................................................................ 

243 

244 

245 

XVI

Chemical trials against weeds in cotton fields in Aegean 

region ................................................................................... 

Marmara Bolgesinde ayc;ic;egi tarlalannda bulunan Canavaro 

tu (Orobanche cernua loet. var. cumana (Wallr.)'nun dogal 

dO§manlanmn tesbiti Ozerinde on c;ah§malar ............................ 

Preliminary studies on the determination of natural enemies 

of broom rape (Orobanche cernua loet. var. cumana 

(Wallr.) on sunflower in Marmara Region ............................ 

Marmara bolgesinde ayc;ic;eginde sorun olan yabanclotlarla 

mOcadele olanaklan Ozerinde ara§tlrmalar ............ ... .......... ...... 

Investigations on weed control possibilities in sunflower ..... 

Marmara Bolgesinde baglarda sorun olan yabanclotlara kar§1 

ilac; denemesi ..... ..... ............ .............. ............ .... ............ ........... . 

Chemical tests against weeds common in vineyards in 

Marmara Region ....... ..... ............ ....... ..... .............................. 

Qukurova turunc;gif bahc;elerinde sorun olan yabanclotlara 

kar§1 ilac;1r mOcadele olanaklan Ozerinde on c;all§malar ... ......... 

Preliminary studies on the chemical control of weeds of citrus 

orchards ;n Qukurova Region ......................................... 

Ege Bolgesi tarihi alanlanndaki yabanclotlara kar§1 ilac; denemeleri 

........................................................................................ 

Chemical control possibilities of weeds in historical places 

in Aegean Region... ............ ........................... ............... ........ 

DiGERLERi 

THE OTHERS 

Sayfa 

Page 

245 

246 

246 

247 

248 

249 

249 

250 

251 

252 

253 

TOrkiye'nin muhtelif bOlgelerinde Oretilen peynirlerde DDT ve 

BHC kallntllanmn ara§tmlmasl ................................................. 

Investigation of DDT and BHC residues in cheeses produced 

in the different regions of Turkey................................... 

257 

257 

XVII

ENTOMOLOJi 

ENTOMOLOGY 

A - HUBUBAT ZARARLILARI 

CEREAL PESTS

ORTA ANADOLU SOLGESiNDE EKINLERDE 

ZARAR YAPAN EKiN KAMSUR SOCEGi 

(ZABRUS MELANCHOLICUS SCHAUM.)'NE 

KAR$I iLAC; DENEMELERI 

Hatice MEMI!OGLU" Gurol ALTINAYAR** A. Ulvi KILI

Ekin kambur b6cegine kar§1 Aldrin ve Heptachlor verine kullamlabilecek 

yeni ilac;lar tespit etmek amaclyla yapllan tohum ilac; denemelerinden 

elde edilen sonU(;lar Qizelge 1'de verilmi§tir. Bu c;ah§malar sonunda Dursban 

25 WP ve Thiodan 35 WP'nin batOn dozlannm yeterli dOzeyde etkili 01 

dugu g6rOlmO§ ve en dO§Ok dozlan olan 100 kg tohuma 200 9 preparat hesablyla 

uygulamaya verilmi§tir. Dursban 25 WP'nin en yOksek iki dozu 

fitotoksik bulunmu§tur. 

QIZELGE 1. Ekin Kambur bocegine kanji tohum ila91amaslnda kullamlan ila9lar, dozlan ve etkileri. 

'" 

Dozlar (g) 

ila~larm adl 100 kg tohuma Villar Etkiler (%) 

200 1974 100 

250 1973 98.2 

Dursban 25 WP 300 1974 100 

500 1973 96.7 ve 98.0 

750 " 100 ve 100 

1000 100 

200 1973 98.9 ve 98.3 

300 99.1 .. 93.1 

400 98.9 .. 96.7 

Thiodan 35 WP 500 100 ve 100 

200 1974 86.7 

300 95.6 

200 1974 42.7 

Chlordane % 25 WP 300 

.. 

60.8 

200 1973 100 ve 99.3 

Gammalin 200 1974 100 

YOzey ilac;lamalannda kullamlan ilaC;lardan Imperator, Dursban 2, 

Korcide 7 ve Hektavin yeterli dOzeyde etkili olamaml§lardlr (Qizelge 2). Buna 

kar§1n Lebaycid 50 EN, Komithion 50, Komithion % 3 Dust. Gusathion 

EM % 20 ve Dursban 4 ilac;lan, tatbikat denemelerinden ahnan sonuc;lar da 

dikkate allnarak cetvelde belirtilen dozlarda tavsiye edimi§tir. Uygulamalar 

zorunlu hailerde zaran klsmen korumak ic;in erken ilkbaharda, yani tarlada 

yer yer bo§luklar g6rOImeye ba§ladlglnda yapllmalldlr. 

4

QIZELGE 2. Ekin kambur bOcegine kar§1 yuzey ila

INVESTIGATION ON CHEMICAL CONTROL METHODS OF 

CORN GROUNii BEETLE (ZABRUS MELANCHOLICUS 

SCHAUM.) THAT DAMAGES CEREAL IN 

CENTRAL ANATOLIA 

Hatice MEMI!oGLU' GOrol ALTINAYAR*' A. Ulvi KILlC;' 

MOmtaz OZKAN" Kadir MELAN* 

Chemical trials were carried out against Corn ground beetle as seed 

dressing during 1973-1975 in Eski§ehir, and as surface application during 

1980-1984 in Ankara. 

Seed dressing treatments were arranged in randomizerl block desing 

with 8-9 characters and 3 replicates, with plots of 750 or 1100 m2 in september. 

The amounts of insecticides used per 100 kg of seed were 200, 

300,400 and 500 g for Thiodan 35 WP, 200, 250, 300,500,750 and 1000 

g for Dursban 25 WP, and 200, and 30 g for Chlordane. Gammalin, the reference 

chemical, was used as 200 g per 100 kg of seed. 

Seed was treated against bunt with a fungicide at the rates of 0.15 

and 0.20 %, then was moistured with 1.5 I tap water per i 00 kg seed. Following 

the moisturing process, seed was incorporated with the insecticides at 

dosages mentioned above. Evaluations were made by counting the living 

larvae, injured and healthy plants in 12 different sites of each plot by using 

a frame, in April or May of the next year. 

Surface applications were made at tillering stage in March or April, 

as arranged also in randomized block design. with 5-9 characters and 3 or 

4 replicates, and plots varying between 100 and 225 m 2 . The dosages of 

insecticides per decar were 2 kg for Dursban % 2 dust, 2 kg for Korcide 7, 

125 and 200 ml for Dursban 4, 50 ml for Imperator. 175 ml for Komithion 

50. 150 and 175 ml for Lebaycid 50 EM. 250 ml for Gusathion EM % 20,2 

nad 3 kg for Hektavin. 3 kg for Komithion % 3 dust. The reference chemicals 

3.10.0 and 2.10.0 were used as 2 and 2.5 kg per decar, respectively. 

Evaluations were made by counting the living larvae in 4-8 different sites of 

the plots 5-24 days after applications. Parallel to these trials, applications 

with Dursban 4 (200 mIJda), Lebaycid 50 EM (175 mlJda) , Gusathion EM % 

20 (250 mlJda) and Komithion % 3 Dust (3 kgJda) were also made in plots 

of 2 decars each, in various years. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO MOdOriOgO-ANKARA 

•• Devlet Su Illlen Genel MOdOriOgO-ANKARA 

6

The results of seed dressing experiments that were made to search 

for insecticides could be used instead Aldrin and Heptachlor are shown in 

Table 1. The effectiveness of all dosages of Dursban 25 WP and Thiodan 

35 WP seems to be sufficient, and their lowest dosages, 200 g per 100 kg 

seed, are found to be recommended. The upper two dosages of Dursban 

25 WP were found to be phytotoxic. 

TABLE 1. The insecticides tested in seed dressing experiments, their dosages and effectiveness 

against Corn ground beetle (Zabrus melancholicus Schaum.) 

Dosages (g) 

Effectiveness 

Insecticides per 100 kg seed Years (%) 

200 1974 100 

250 1973 98.2 

Dursban 25 WP 300 1974 100 

500 1973 96.7 and 98.0 

750 100 " 100 

1000 100 

200 1973 98.9 and 98.3 

300 99.1 " 93.1 

400 98.9 " 96.7 

Thiodan 35 WP 500 100 " 100 

200 1974 86.7 

300 95.6 

200 1974 42.7 

Chlordane % 25 WP 300 60.8 

200 1973 100 and 99.3 

Gammalin 200 1974 100 

According to the results shown in Table 2, Imperator, Dursban 2, 

Korcide 7 and Hektavin were found to be insufficient for surface applications. 

The other insecticides like Lebaycid 50 EM, Komithion 50. Komithion 3 

dust, Gusathion EM 20 % and Dursban 4 seemed to be sufficients at the 

mentioned dosages. Large-field applications also supported these results. 

Surface applications against Z.melancholicus should be made in 

early spring in the infested areas where seed dressing is not applied to prevent 

the larval damage partially. 

7

TABLE 2. The insecticides, their dosages and effectiveness tested in surface application trials 

against Zabrus melancholicus Schaum. 

Dosages 

Effectiveness Aplicational 

Insecticides Prep/da Years (0/.,) results (0/0) 

Dursban 2 2 kg 1980 69.7 

2 " 1981 55.0 

Korcide 7 2 kg 1980 45.7 

2 " 1981 47.0 

2 kg 1980 65.5 

2 • 1981 40.0 

Hektavin 2.2 " 1982 62.0 

2.5 " 1983 36.0 

175 ml 1982 72.6 

Lebaycid 50 EM 175 " 1983 55.8 89.3 

175 " 1984 87.9 

175 ml 1982 89.3 76.4 

Komithion 50 175 • 1983 68.6 

Komithion % 3 Dust 3 kg 1983 64.4 78.7 

250ml 1982 66.1 

Gusathion EM "/,, 20 250 " 1983 56.8 84.0 

250 " 1984 94.9 

200 ml 1983 78.2 76.0 

Dursban 4 200 • 1984 93.0 

50 ml 1982 66.6 

Imperator 50 • 1983 41.3 

2 kg 1980 71.2 

3.10.0 2 .. 1981 60.3 

2 .. 1982 72.4 

2.10.0 2.5 kg 1983 74.2 

2.5 " 1984 61.9 

8

EGE BOLGESi CELTiK ALANLARINDA ZARAR VAPAN 

MISIR KOCAN KURDU (SESAMIA NONAGRIOIDES LEF.) 

OZERiNDE ARA§TIRMALAR 

Hasan KAVUT* Necdet ADI GOZEL* Asiye DERIN* 

Mlslr ko

INVESTIGATION ON CORN BORER 

(SESAMIA NONAGRIOIDES LEF.) 

IN AEGEAN REGION RICE FIELDS 

Hasan KAVUT* Necdet ADIGOZEl* Asiye DERIN* 

Chemical tests against corn borer and crop loss studies were carried 

out in three consecutive years (1982,1983,1984) in Menemen. The chemicals 

are given in Table1. 

TABLE1. Chemicals utilized in experiments 

Rate of aplication 

CHEMICALS 

(g-mllda.) 

Trade name Common name a.i Preparate 

Hostathion 40 EG. % 40 Triazophos 80 200 

60 150 

Decis 2.5 EG. % 2.5 Decamethrin 2.5 100 

1.25 50 

Dursban 4 EM. % 40.8 Ghlorpynfos 73.4 180 

Thiodan 35 WP. % 32.9 Endosulfan 98.7 300 

Randomised block design was used in tests. Applications were made 

with several intervals and different times in each year. Each plot was 80 

m2. Surveys were started to determine the time for the first application from 

the late July-Early August on when the adults of second generation were 

appeared as the ratio of the plants injured or infected with egg package 

was reached 5 %, the treatments were started. One application with the doses 

of Hostathion 150 ml and 200 ml gave the results of 69.1 % and 95.5 

% respectively. With doses of Decis of 50 ml and 100 ml, the control of 

91.3 % and 96.6 % on average were obtained respectively. The results were 

92.6 with Dursban (180 mVda) and 65.9 % with Thiodan (300 g/da). It is 

concluded that satisfactory control can be obtained against corn borer with 

Hostathion 40 EC (200 ml/da), Decis 2.5 EC (50 ml/da) and Dursban 4 EM 

(180 ml/da). However the crop loses in the plots of Hostathion, Decis and 

Dursban were found as 1.195; 2.412 and 2.244 kg/da respectively the same 

value was 33.40 kg/da with the control plot. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO Bornova-IZMI R 

10

KARADENlz BOLGESINDE MISIRLARDA ZARAR 

VAPAN MISIR KURPU {O~TRINIA NUBILA.PSH!3N.)'NUN 

NEDEN OLDUGU URUN KAVIPLARI UZERINDE 

ON C;ALI$MALAR 

Nurettin OZDEMIR* Handan $AHIN* AYlie BILlel' 

MISlrln ana zararlllanndan biri olan Mlslr kurdu (Ostrinia nubilalis 

Hbn.)'nun mlslrda neden oldugu OrOn kaYlplan Ozerinde 1982-1985 Yilian 

arasmda ~all§ma yapllml§tlr. 

Qah§ma EnstitOsOnOn Gelemen'deki deneme bahcesinde e§ yapma 

desenine gOre yO rOtOmO§tor. E§lerden herbiri sOrekli ila~lanarak bula§ma 

en dO§Ok dOzeyde tutulmaya ~ah§llml§tlr. Hasat zamam yOzde bula§ma ve 

bir bitkideki galeri saYlsl Ozerinden degerlendirme yapllml§tlr. Aym i§lem 

Oretici tarafmdan alman Orneklerde de yOrotOlmO§tOr. 

Bula§ma oramnm verimi Onemli OlcOde etkiledigi saptanml§tlr. Fakat 

bu call§mada bula§ma oram ile verim kaybl arasmda bir iIi§ki kurulamaml§ 

tlr. Nitekim bula§ma oram % 64.52 iken, verim kaybl danede % 8.9; % 

59.96 iken ise % 11.9 olmu§tur. Aym durum sap i~in de SOz konusudur. Bir 

bitkiye ortalama 1.97, 2.26, 2.48 ve 4.39 galeri dO§mesi durumunda, danede 

slra ite % 10.9, % 12.46, % 8.44 ve % 7.3; sapta ise % 11.3, % 13.11, 

% 10.70 ve % 8.2 OrOn azalmasl meydana gelmi§tir. Vine galeri saYlsl ile 

OrOn kaybl arasmda bir iIi§ki yapllan cah§mada bulunamaml§tlr. 

Bula§ma oranma ve bir bitkiye dO§en ortalama galeri saYlsma gore 

OrOnde Onemli tilCOde kaYlp meydana gelmekte ise de aralannda bir iIi§ki 

bulunamaml§tlr. Bu iIi§kinin bulunabilmesi, daha geni§ materyal Ozerinde 

ve uzun sOrekli cah§maYI gerektirdigi kamsmdaYlz. 

* Zirai MOcadeta Ara~tlrma EnstitOsO-SAMSUN 

11

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE CROP LOSS IN 

MAIZE CAUSED BY EUROPEAN CORN BORER 

(OSTRINIA NUBlLALlSHBN.) DOING DAMAGE TO 

MAIZE IN THE BLACK SEA REGION OF TURKEY 

Nurettln OZDEMIR* Handan ~AHIN* Ay~e BILlel* 

Studies on the crop loss in maize caused by European corn borer 

(Ostrnia nubillasis Hbn.) which is one of the principal maize pest have been 

carried out between 1982 and 1985. 

The experiment was set up according to pairing design in the experimental 

plots in Gelemen, Samsun. The infestation in the treated plots was 

maintained at the lowest level by repeatedly treating them. At the harvest time 

data were evaluated based on both percent infestation and the number 

of gallery in one plant and data about those taken from the grower's field 

were evaluated in the same manner. 

The results showed that ttle yield was effected by the level of infestation 

to great extant, although no relationship between level infestation and 

crop loss could be found. Hence, when level of infestation was 64.52 % 

and 59.96 % yield loss in seed was found to be 8.9 % and 11.9 % respectively. 

The same is true with stem. When average number of galleries per 

plant was 1.97; 2.26; 2.48 and 4.39; 10.9 %, 12.46 %; 8.44 % and 7.3 % of 

crop loss in seed and 11.3 %; 13.11 %; 10.70 % and 8.2 % in stem recorded. 

Again no relationship between number of gallery and crop loss could 

be found. 

A considerable amont of crop loss occurs in maize depending on the 

level of infestation and number of galleries per plant. but, no relationship 

between them could be found. In our opinion, more aboundant material, detailed 

and long-lasting studies are needed to determine this relationship . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara~tlrma EnstitOsO-SAMSUN 

12

B. SEBZE VE YEM BiTKiLERi ZARARLILARI 

VEGETABLE AND FODDER PESTS

ANTALYA iLi SEBZELERiNDE ZARARLI 

TETRANYCHUS SPP. (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE),NiN 

VE DOGAL DO~MANLARININ POPULASYON 

YOGUNLUKLARININ TESPiTi OZERiNDE 

ON

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE POPULATION DENSITY 

OF TETRANYCHUS SPP. (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE), 

HARMFUL FOR VEGETABLE CROPS, WITH ITS NATURAL 

ENEMIES IN ANTALYA PROVINCE 

AIiSOSVAL* 

Abdullah VAVLA* 

This study, aiming of determination of the population densities of Tetranychus 

spp. and its natural enemies was done two eggplant fields in Aksu 

and Finike counties in 1983-1984. Both of these fields were untreateej 

with pesticides, and about one decare. The pest and natural enemies have 

been counted every 7-14 days during the season. 

The population density of both Tetranychus spp. and its mite predators 

have been determined by using the Mite Brushing Machine at 30 eggplant 

leaves. Tpe population density of insectan predators were determined 

by shaking of sweep net for 50 times and also by using knock-down methods 

ta 30 eggplants for each field. The countings showed that the population 

density of Tetranychus could reach to economic threshold twice during 

the study. 

It was found out that Phytose/us flnitlmus Ribaga (Acarina: Phytoseiidae), 

Deraeocorls pal/ens Reut. (Het.: Miridae). Orius niger Wolff. 

and O.mlnutus l. (Het.: Anthocoridae) were the important predators, playing 

the major roles for decreasing of the pest population. 

Beside these predators, Scymnus rubromaculatus Goeze. 

S.levalllant, Stethorus gllvlfrons Muls. (Col.: Coccinellidae), Piocoris 

erytrocephlus (P.-S.) (Het.: Lygaeidae), Campylomma dlversicornis Reut., 

C.verbascl (M.-D). (Het.: Miridae), Chrysoperla carnea Steph. (Neu.: 

Chrysopidae) and an unidentified cecidomyiid (Diptera) species were found 

as the secondary predators of mites on the eggplants. 

• Narenciye Ara!jtlrma EnstitOsO-ANTALYA 

16

DOGU ANADOLU BOLGESiNDE SOGAN pisiLLiDi 

(BACTERIOCERA TREMBLA YI WAGNER) (HOMOPTERA 

TRIOZIDAE)'NiN YAYILI§I VE KONUKCULARININ 

SAPTANMASI OZERiNE CALI§MAlAR 

A. Kadri SERDAR* Mete A YDEMIR** 

Dogu Anadolu Bolgesinde Sogan pisillidi'nin yaylll§lnI ve konuk

INVESTIGATION ON THE DETERMINATION OF THE 

SPREADING OUT AND HOST OF (BACTERIOCERA 

TREMBLA YI WAGNER) (HOMOPTERA TRIOZIDAE) 

IN THE EAST ANATOLIA REGION 

A. Kadri SERDAR" Mete A YDEMIR"" 

In order to determine of the spreading out of Sacteriocera tremblayi, 

a survey was carried out, in 1984, in the East Anatolia Region. At the 

same time the movement of the pest population was examined in the areas 

where onion densly cultivated, in the centre county of Erzincan. 

S.tremblayiwas found in the following provinces and counties; Erzurum 

(Pasinler), Agn, Kars (Igdlr, Tuzluca), GOmO~hane (Torul, Kelkit, ~iran, 

Bayburt), Erzincan (Refahiye, Tercan, QaYlrh), Sivas (~arkl~la. Divrigi, Su 

§ehri, Koyulhisar). Though Tunceli province was involved to the region of 

the study this pest was'nt seen the district. 

In this study the onion (Allium cepa), the cabbage (Srassica oleracea 

var capitala) , the leek (Allium porrum), the garlic (Allium sativum), 

the red radish (Raphanus sativus var radicols). 

The lettuce (Lactuca sativa) the cornman field bindweed (Convolvulus 

arvensis) were found as certain hosts of S.tremblayi. A.cepa was 

found as more important host than the others. 

The pest lay eggs on may and nymph is seen at the first half of june. 

The first generation adults are seen at the end of june and lay eggs. The 

pest does harm of stage of nymph. 

• Bahge KOltOrleri Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO-ERZINCAN 

•• II MOdOrlOgO Bitki Koruma lube MudOrlOgO-BOLU 

18

CUKUROVA BOLGESINDE SEBZELERDEKi 

YAPRAKBiTLERININ HASTALIK ETMENLERiNDEN 

ENTOMOPHTHORA (ENTOMOPHTHORALES: 

ENTOMOPHTHORACEAE) TORLERiNiN Y AYILI! VE 

KONUKCULARI OZERiNDE ON CAlI!MALAR . 

OyaZEREN* Mevliit GONCO* Cahide YABA~* 

1983-1984 Yillannda yapllan bu 9ah$mada bOlgede yaprakbiti patojeni 

olarak Erynia neoaphidis Rem. and Hen. saptanml$tlr. Adana ve 1ge1'de 

yaprakbitlerinin mevcut oldugu tarlalarda bula$ma oranmm % 16.66 - % 

84.61 arasmda degi$tigi gorOlmO$tor. Bu tOrOn konuk9ulan Uro/eucon cichorii. 

Acyrthosiphon lactucae. Myzus persicae. Macrosiphum euphorbiae. 

AphiS solanel/a ve A.gossypiiolarak saptanml$tlr. 

E.neoaphidis1n 20°C, % 70 orantlh nemde ve 16 saat 1$lkh peryodun 

oldugu yeti$1irme odasmda, yapllan patojenisite testinde toprakta yaprakbiti 

bula$tlrllmasmdan 72 saat sonra % 48.25 oranmda etkililik gorOlmU$, 

bu deger 96 saat sonra % 59.5'a ula$ml$tlr. 

Etmenin laboratuvar kO$ullannda toprakta canh kah$ sOresini tespit 

i9in yapllan 9ah$mada 4 gun % 62'Iik etki saptanml$tlr. 

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE HOSTS AND 

DISTRIBU"nONS OF THE SPECIES OF ENTOMOPHTHORA 

(ENTOMOPHTHORALES, ENTOMOPHTHORACEAE) 

WHICH ARE THE DISEASE PATHOGENS OF APHIDS ON 

THE VEGETABLE CROPS IN THE CUKUROVA REGION 

OyaZEREN* Mevliit GONCO· Cahlde YABA~· 

In this study made between 1983 and 1984, Erynia neophidis (Entomophthora 

aphid/s) were established as a pathogen of aphids in the 

9ukurova Region. The contamination ratios were from 16.66 % to 84.61 % 

in the fields where the aphids were present in 1ge1 and Adana. The hosts of 

this pathogen were Uroleucon cichorii. Acyrthosiphon lactucae. Myzus 

persicae. Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Aphis solanella and Aphis gossypii. 

In pathogenicity test made in a growing room at 20°C temperature 

and 70 percent humidity, the disease ratios were 48.25 % and 56.50 % at 

72 th and 96 th hours after soil contaminations, respectively. 

It was found that the pathogen can be alive for 4 days in soil in laboratory 

conditions . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO-ADANA 

19

ORTA ANADOLU BOLGESiNDE PATETESLERDE 

ZARAR VAPAN PATATES BOCEGI 

(LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA SAV)'NE KAR~I 

iLAC DENEMESi 

Ramazan KEolel' Ulkii HAYKIR' Alsnur HAS' Ali TAMER' 

1984 Vlltnda Ankara iii Kazan Nahiyesinde patateslerde Patates bocegi 

(Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say)'ne kar§1 Elocron 50 W.P. (% 0.129 

ve % 0.15 dozlannda, Nuvacron 40 sew (125 mlJda) denemeye almml§tlr. 

Denemeler larvalara kar§1 tarlada, erginlere kar§1 ise laboratuvarda 

olmak Ozere tesadOf bloklan deneme desenine gore 5 karakter (4 ilaQ + 1 

§ahit) ve 3 tekerrOrlO olarak yOrOtOlmO§tOr. SaYlmlar ilaQlamadan 1,3,7 ve 

14 gOn soma yapllml§tlr. Klymetlendirmelerde larva denemesinde yOzdesiz 

Abbott, ergin denemesinde ise Abbott formOIO kullanllml§tlr. 

Tmla denemesinde Nuvacron 40 sew (125 ml/da) ilaQlamadan 1,3,7 

ve 14 gOn soma slraslyla ortalama % 54.41, % 86.29, % 93.29 ve % 88.25; 

Elocron 50 WP (% 0.125), % 84.97, % 92.78, % 98.44, % 96.96; Elocron 

50 WP (% 0.15), % 85.92; % 88.35; % 93.80, % 94.44; Gusathion 20 Ee 

(% 0.2), % 90.82, % 96.~)5, % 98.49, % 96.96 etkili olmu§tur. 

Laboratuvarda erginlere kar§1 yapllan denemede ise Nuvacron 40 

sew (125 ml/da) % 30; Elocron 50 W.P. (% 0.125), % 73.33, Elocron 50 

WP (% 0.15), % 83.33 ve Gusathion 20 EM (% 0.2), % 93.33 etkili olmu§ 

tur. 

Denemede kullamlan ilaQlar bitkide fitotoksik bir etki gostermemi§tir. 

Bu sonuQlara gore Nuvacron 40 sew ilaclnm 125 ml/da dozunda patateslerde 

Patates oocegi'ne kar§1 kullamlarruyacagl, Elocron 50 WP ilaclnm 

% 0.15 dozunda patateslerde Patates bocegi'ne kar§1 kullanllabilecegi, 

pathcan ve domateste bakiye analizi yaplldlktan sonra onerilebilecegi kamsma 

vanlml§tlr. 

* Zirai Miicadele Ara§tlrma Enstitiisii - ANKARA 

20

CHEMICAL EXPERIMENT AGAINST COLORADO POTATO 

BEETLE (LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA SAY) 

IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA 

Ramazan KEolel* Olkii HAYKIR* Alanur HAS* Ali T AMER* 

Elocron 50 WP (0.125 % and 0.15%) and Nuvacron 40 SCW (125 

ml/da) have been tested against Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata 

Say) on potato in Ankara in 1984. 

Trials have been carried out for larvae in the field and for adults in 

the laboratory according to the randomized block desing with 5 characters 

(4 chemicals + 1 control) and 3 replications. Countings were made 1,3,7 

and 14 days after the application. The effectiveness of the insecticides were 

calculated by Abbott formula. 

In the field trial, the percentage effects of the insecticides were found 

as follows. 

Nuvacron 40 SCW (125 ml/da); 54.41 %, 86.29 %, 93.29 %, and 

88.25 %; Elocron 50 WP (0.125 %); 84.97 %,92.78 %,98.44 %, and 96.96 

%; Elocron 50 WP (0.15 %); 85.92 %, 88.35 %, 93.80 %, and 94.44 %; Gusathion 

20 EM (0.2 %): 90.82 %, 96.55 %, 98.49 %, and 96.96 %. 

In the Laboratory test, the shock effects of the insecticides against 

adults were found as follows. 

Nuvacron 40 SCW (125 ml/da), 30.0 %; Elocron 50 wp (0.125 %), 

73.33 %; Elocron 50 WP (0.15 %), 83.33 % and Gusathion 20 EM (0.2 %), 

93.33%. 

The insecticides used in these experiments did not show any phytotoxic 

effect. 

According to the results obtained, Nuvacron 40 SCW (125 ml/da) 

showed low effect against the adults, therefore, it can not be recommended 

against Colorado potato beetle. Elocron 50 WP (0.15 %) can be recommended 

against Colorado potato beetle on potato. But this chemical can be 

recommended for eggplant and tomatoes after the residual analysis be done. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§llrma EnslitOsO-ANKARA 

21

EGE BOLGESiNDE CLE~iTLi KOLTOR BiTKiLERiNDE 

ZARARLI OLAN YE~iLKURT HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA 

(HBN.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE),A KAR~I 

BioPREPARATLAR iLE SAVA~IM OZERiNE 

ON C;ALI~MALAR 

Erol Y ALQIN* 

Sunduz UZUN* 

NPV (Nuklear polihedral virus) ie;:eren ELCAR adh biopreparatln, 

kontroliO ko§ullarda, Ye§ilkurt (Heliothis armigera Hbn.) larvalanna kar§l, 

patojenisite testleri yapllml§tlr. 6 gOnlOk diyet beslemeli Ye§ilkurt larvalan 

ie;:in, 120 saat itibariyle, LD50 = 165 mg Elcar/500 cm3 diyet olarak saptanml§tlr. 

Bu dozun, 25 Agustos tarihli pamuk vegetasyonu ie;:in kar§lllgl ise, 

dekar ie;:in, 28.875 g Elcar '·87.5 I su olarak hesaplanml§tlr. Bu doz ile yapllan 

saksl denemelerinde ise sonue;: ahnamaml§ ve bunun sebebinin mevcut 

ilae;:lama ekipmanlanntn uniform bir daglhml saglayamaYI§lan oldugu 

kantstna vanlml§tlr. Yine kontroliO ko§ullarda 6 gOn diyet beslemeli larva 

populasyonu ie;:in MT min 48 saat MT 50 ve MT 90 ie;:in regrasyon denklemleri 

slraslyla y = -0.04x + 2.1 ve y =-0.03x + 2.3 olarak hesaplanml§tlr. Denemelerde 

doz ne olursa olsun, larvalann en erken 8, en gee;: 10 gOnde Cl/O 

100 olOm tablosu verdikleri gozlenmi§tir. 

CONTROL OF COTTON BOLLWORM 

(HELIOTHIS ARMIGERA) (HBN.) (LEP.: NOCTUIDAE WITH 

VIRAL INSECTICIDE ELCAR 

Erol YALQIN* 

Sunduz UZUN* 

Pathojenicity tests have been carried out under the controlled conditions' 

with ELCAR against 6 day old larval population of Heliothis armigera. 

In 6 day old larval population fed on diet, it is found that LD50 : 165 mg EIcar/500 

cm 3 diet in terms of 120 hours. It is calculated over this dosage 

that the dosage, for the vegetation period of 25 August in cotton, is 28.875 

g Elcar + 87.5 I water/per decar. The cotton plants in pots have been treated 

by this dosage but could not be obtained the expected results. The reason 

could be the uneven spray with the equipment in hand. Under the controlled 

conditions it has been found that MTmin is 48 hours and the 

regration equation for MT 50 and MT 90 are y: -0.04x + 2.1 and y: -0.03x + 

2.3 respectively in 6 day old larval population fed on diet. No matter how 

the dosage is, it has been observed that larvae are killed within 8 days at 

the earliest and 10 days at the latest. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitosO Bomova-IZMIR 

22

EGE BOLGESiNDE MERCiMEKLERDE ZARAR YAPAN 

MERCiMEK TOHLIM BOCEGi (BRUCHUS LENTIS 

FROHL.) {COL.: BRUCHIDAE),NiN TARLA 

KO~ULLARINDA KiMYASAL MOCADELESi 

OZERiNDE C;ALI~MALAR 

Pervin HINCAl" Nebile KAVA" §erif TORKMEN" 

Bu gah§ma, mercimeklerde zararh Mercimek tohum bOcegi (Bruchus 

lentis Fr6hl.),ne kar§1 uygulanan kimyasal mOcadele y6nteminin etkinliginin 

ara§tmlmasl amaclyla 1982, 1983 ve 1984 Yillannda Denizli, Tavas 

(KlzllcabolOk ve Vaklf)'ta yOrOtOlmO§tOr. 

Yapllan saYlm ve degerlendirmelerle zararh ile sava§lm yontemi ve 

etkili ilaglar saptanml§tlr. 

CHEMICAL FIELD EXPERIMENTS AGAINST 

THE LENTIL SEED BEETLE (BRUCHUS LENTIS FROHL.) 

(COL.: BRUCHIDAE) WHICH IS HARMFUL ON LENTIL 

IN AEGEAN REGION 

Pervin HINCAl" NebileKAVA" §erif TORKMEN" 

This study was carried-out during the years of 1982-1984 to determine 

the chemical control methods of the Bruchus lentis FrOhl. in Denizli 

Tavas (KlzllcaoolOk and Vaklf). 

As a result of studies proper chemical control method and effective 

chemicals were determined. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitosO Bornova-IZMIR 

23

GAziANTEP iLiNDE MERCiMEK BiTKisiNDE 

ZARARLI OLAN ORTADOGU MERCiMEK TOHUM 

BOCEGi (BRUCHUS ERVI FROHl.),NE KAR$I 

iLAC DENEMESi 

OyaZEREN* 

Cahide Y ABA~* 

1983 ve 1984 ylllannda Gaziantep ilinde mercimeklerde zarar yapan 

Bruchus elVi Frohl.'ye kar~1 uygun ilaglama zamanlnl ve en etkili olan ilag 

Ian saptamak amaclyla ilag denemesi agllml~tlr. 

1983 Ylhnda Gusathion 2.5, Lebaycide 50, Hektavin 85 ve Hektavin 

5 ile tesaduf bloklan deneme desenine gore 5 karakter (4 ilag + kontrol) 3 

tekrarll ve tek aplikasyonlu olarak % 80 gigeklenme devrinde; 1984 Yllinda 

Gusathion 2.5; Hektavin 85, Hektavin 5, Cotnion H, Komithion 50, Decis 2 

5, Hostathion 40, Lebaycide % 50 Em ilaglan ile tesadOf bloklan deneme 

desenine gore 9 karakter (8 ilag + kontrol), 3 tekrarh ve 2 aplikasyonlu olarak 

gigekleme ba~langlcmda ve % 80 gic;eklenme devresinde deneme agllml~tlr. 

Aynca % 80 c;ic;eklenme devresindeyken yine ayn bir tarlada halen 

talimatlarda kullamlan yonteme ve ilaglara gore 4 karakter (3 ilag + kontrol), 

tek tekerrOr, tek ve gift aplikasyonlu olarak bir uygulama denemesi agllml~tlr. 

Deneme sonunda gigeklenme ba~langlcmda kullamlan ilaglann daha 

etkili olduklan gorulmu~tOr. Buna gore Cotnion H % 91.30; Komithion 50, % 

91.14; Gusathion 2.5 % 85.65; Hostathion 40, % 85.38; Lebaycide 50 Em, 

% 82.85; Decis 2-5, % 80.52; Hektavin 85 % 78.55; Hektavin 5 % 69.04 etkili 

bulunmu~tur. Etki yonOnden en iyi neticeyi Komithion 50 ile Cotnion H, 

Gusathion 2.5 ve Hostathion 40 ilaglan vermi~tir. 

% 80 gigeklenme devresinde yapllan uygulama denemesinde elde 

edilen degerlerin gigeklenme ba~langlcmdakine gore dO~Ok oldugu gorulmO~tOr. 

Sonug olarak Gaziantep ilinde gigeklenme ba~langlcmdan ba~layarak 

10 gun ara ile iki ilaglama yapllmasl: Cotnion H, Komithion 50, Gusathion 

2.5, Hostathion 40 ve Lebaycide 50 Em ilaglannm uygulamada tavsiye 

edilmesi kanlsma vanlml~tlr. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara~tlrma EnstitOsO-ADANA 

24

CHEMICAL TEST AGAINST THE MIDDLE EAST LENTIL 

WEEVIL (BRUCHUS ERVI FROHL.) ON LENTILS 

IN GAZiANTEP 

OyaZEREN" 

Cahide VABA!" 

This research was made in Gaziantep Region in 1983 and 1984 to 

determine the suitable application time and insecticides against 8ruchus 

eN; Fr6hl., a main insect pest of the lentil. 

In 1983, the field works planned as to randomized complete block 

desing with 5 treatments (4 insecticides and 1 control), 3 replications and 

only one application in the periode which 80 % of the buds were opened. 

The used insecticides were Gusathion 2.5; Lebaycide 50, Hektavin 85 and 

Hektavin 5. 

In 19~~, !he treatments number was 9 (8 insecticides and 1 control) 

and the application number was two. The insecticides were Gusathion 2.5; 

Hektavin 115, Hektavin 5, Cotnion H, Komithion 50, Decis 2-5, Hostathion 

40, and Lehay~ide 50. They applied in the period that 80 % of the flowers 

were seen. 

Seperately, in another location an application work was done according 

to recommendations and to the insecticides proposed, as 4 treatments 

(3 insecticide and 1 control). 1 replication, 1 and 2 aplications, in the same 

period of the flowering that mentioned before. 

It was fonud that the insecticides applied at the beginning of the flowering 

were more efficient. The efficiency of the insecticides were, Cotnion 

H, 91.30 %; Komithion 50, 91.14 %; Gusathion 2.5, 85.65 %; Hostathion 40 

85.38 %; Lebaycide 50 Em, 82.85 %; Decis 2.5, 80.52 %; Hektavin 

85,78.55 % and Hektavin 5, 69.04 % respectively. 

The insecticides applied at the period of the 80 % flowering time, were 

not as efficient as which were applied at the beginning of the flowering. 

As a result it was decided to recommend that to apply 2 applications 

with a ten days periods from the beginning of the flowering period and to 

use Cotnion H, Komithion 50, Gusathion 2.5, Hostathion 40, and Lebaycide 

50 Em . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsii-ADANA 

25

C. MEYVE VE BAG ZARARLILARI 

FRUIT AND VINE PESTS

GONEYDOGU ANADOLU BOLGESiNDE ELMA 

AGACLARINDA ZARAR YAPAN ELMA GOVDE KURDU 

(SYNANTHEDON MYOPAEFORMIS BORKH., LEP.: 

AEGERIIDAE)'NA KAR$IILAC DENEMESi 

GUI~en MACAN* SamiMACAN* Mahmut BA!i* 

Deneme, Diyarbaklr (Kc:ibi)'da 1984 yllmda Elma agaclannda zararh 

Elma Govde Kurdu (Synanthedon myopaeformis Borkh./'na kar§1 aCIIml§tlr. 

Metnidathion (Supracide 40 EC) 40 ve 50 glhl dozlan ruhsat; 

Chlorpyrifos ethly (Dursban 4)-40,8 glhl dozu ara§tlrma amaclyla denenmi§lerdir. 

Chlorpyrifos ethyl (Dursban 4)-51 g/hl dozda denemede kar§lla§ 

tlrma ilaci olarak yer alml§tlr. 

Birinci ilac1ama 8.6.1984 tarihinde e§eysel Cekici tuzakta ilk kelebek 

yakalam§lndan ve ilk bo§ pupa gomlekleri goruldukten 18 gun sonra yapllml§tlr. 

Daha sonra 20 gun arallklarJa 29.6.1984 ve 20.7.1984 tarihlerinde 2. 

ve 3. ilac1amalar yapllml§tlr. Son ilaclamadan 20 gun sonraki gunlerde her 

parseIde saylm agac1anmn govdeleri uzerindeki zararhmn olu§turdugu i§lek 

delikler bistOri ile aCllarak can!! larvalar saYllml§tlr. 

lIaclann etki yuzdeleri canh larvalar Ozerinden yuzdesiz Abbott'a gore 

hesaplanml§tlr. YOksek ve dO§Ok dozda Methidathion slraslyla ortalama % 

80,51 ve % 77,31; Chlorpyrlfos ethyl % 98,30 ve % 95,47 etkili olmu§lardlr. 

Buna gore S.myopaeformis mOcadelesinde Supracide 40 EC ilaclnln 

onerilemeyecegi Chlorpyrifos ethyl iCerikli ilacm ise dO§Ok dozunun (40,8 gl 

hi) kullanllmaslnm uygun olacagl sonucuna vanlml§tlr. 

* Zirai Mucadele Ara§tlrma Enstit(isu-DIYARBAKIR 

29

CHEMICAL EXPERIMENTS AGAINST APPLE CLEARWING 

(SYNANTHEDON MYOPAEFORMIS 

BORKH. LEP., AEGERIDAE) ON APPLE "rREES IN 

SOUTHEAST ANATOLIAN REGION 

GUI~n MACAN* Sami MACAN* Mahmut BAllI* 

The experiment was carried out against Apple clearwing Synanthedon 

myopaeformis Borkh.) on apple trees at Diyarbaklr province in 1984. 

Methidathion (Supracide 40 EC) at the rate of 40 and 50 glhl and Clorpyrifos-ethyl 

(Dursban 4) at the rate of 40,8 and 51 g/hl were used in the trial. 

The last dosage of Chlorpyrifds-ethyl was used as control chemical. 

The first application was made 18 days after the fist adult catching 

with the sex trap and the first empt pupal skin was seen at 8.6.1984. Then 

with 20 day intervals were made the 2. and 3. applications. 

After 20 days of the last application alive larvae were counted. 

The effectivenes of the chemicals were evaluated with counting the 

alive larvae withusing Abbot formula. 

Methidation at the rate of 40 and 50 g/hl and Chlorpyrifosethyl at the 

rate of 51 and 40.8 g/hl gave efficacy of 80.5 % 77.3 %, 98.3 % and 95.5 

%. 

As a result obtained Supracide 40 EC can not be used; Clorpyrifosethyl 

at the rate of 40.8 glhl can be used against Apple clearwing. 

* Zirai Milcadele Ara~tlrma EnstitGsii-DIYARBAKIR 

30

ORTA ANADOLU BOLG~SiNDE ELMA AGACLARINDA 

ZARAR YAPAN ELMA GOVDE KURDU (SYNANTHEDON 

MYOPAEFORMIS BORKH., LEP. AEGERIIDAE)'NA KAR$I 

iLAC DENEMESi 

Tuncer CEVIK* O. Zeld SOYlU* AIiOKUl* Huseyin BUlUT* 

Deneme, Ankara'nm lIyakut koyOnde S.myopaeformis ile yogun bula§ma 

gosteren 20 ya§11 bir bah~ede a~lldl. 

TesadOf Bloklan deneme deseni uygulandl, deneme 4 tekerrOrlO ve 

4 karakterli (3 ila~ + 1 kontrol) olarak dOzenlendi. 9 aga~ 1 parsel ahndl. 

Ila~lama zamamm tespit i~in, ilk ergin u~u§unun saptanmasl amaclYla 

besi tuzaklan (1 klslm pekmez + 5 klslm su + 1 1. i~in 2-3 gr ekmek mayasl) 

hazlrlanlp 1 hafta laboratuvarda fermente edildikten sonda 17.5.1984 

tarihinde bah~enin degi§ik yerlerine aSlldl. Haftada 2 kez yapllan kontroller 

Ie besi tuzaklanna kelebek geli§i izlendi. 

29.5.1984 tarihinde tuzaklarda 1 adet kelebek gorOlmesi uzerine 

aga~lanna kahn dal vegovdelerinde yumurta ve yumurtadan yeni ~Ikml§ 

larva aranmaya ba§landl. 3.7.1984 gunu 6 tuzakta toplam 356 adetle en 

yOksek kelebek geli§i, yumurta ve yumurtadan yeni ~Ikml§ larval ann tesbit 

edilmesi Ozerine aynl gun % 48.3 nem ve 30°C'de 1.ci ila~lama, bundan 

20'§er gOn arayla 2.ci ve 3.cO ila~lamalar yaplldl. 

Ila~lamada 250 litrelik Holder motorlu pOlverizator kullamldl. Elrna i~ 

kurdu zaranm onlemek i~in aga~lann kahn dal ve govdeleriyle birlikte aym 

ila~larla ta~ klslmlanda ila~landl. 

Son ila~lamadan 28 gun sonra (11.9.1984) her parselin ortasma isabet 

eden aga~lann govdelerindeki en az 30 adet i§lek larva deligi Starpela 

ve bl~akla a~lhp canh larva saylml yapllarak sonu~lar canh larva Ozerinden 

yOzdesiz Abbott formOIOne gore degerlendirildi. 

Degerlendirme sonunda Supracide (R) 40 EC ilaci % 0.125 dozda % 

92.25, Gusathion Em % 20 ilaci % 0.02 dozda % 54.75, Dursban 4 ilaci % 

0.125 dozda % 99 etkili bulunmu§tur. 

Supracide (R) 40 EC ilacmm % 0125 dozda % 92.25 etkili oimasl nedenlyle 

Elma govde kurdu (S.myopaeformis),na kar§1 kullamlabilecegi kanaatine 

vanlml§tlr. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma Enstitusu-ANKARA 

31

CHEMICAL TREATMENT AGAINST SMALL RED-BELTED 

CLEARWING (SYNANTHEDON MYOPAEFORMIS BORKH., 

LEPlboP"rERA-AEGERiiDAE) HARMFUL ON APPLE 

TREES IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA 

Tuncer CEVIK* O. Zeki SOYLU* Ali OKUL* Huseyin BULUT* 

In order to determine the effectiveness of SupracideR 40 EC, Gusathion 

Em 20 % and Dursban 4, the chemicals tested in orchard of 20 yearold 

apple trees in Ankara. 

Experiments were designed with four replications and four characters(3 

chemicals + 1 control) by using randomised block deSign and nine 

trees was accepted as a plot. 

In order to determine the time of applications the food traps (1 part 

boiled grape + 5 part water and 2-3 gram of yeast extract) were set up in 

the orchard. 

The first application was made after the first appearance of butterfly 

in traps and the first emergence of larvae. Spraying was applied on 3rd of 

July 1984 at 30°C and 48.3 % relative humidity. The following applications 

have taken place after 20 day-intervals. 

Countings have been carried out 28 days after the last application 

over the numbers of alive larvae in 30 larva-holes. The figures have been 

avaluated with Abbott formula. 

According to the results Supracide(R) 40 EC at 0.125 % dosage 

92.25 %, Gusathion Em % 20 at 0.02 % dosage 54.75 % and Dursban 4 at 

0.125 % dosage 99 % respectively. 

So Supracide(R) 40 EC can be recommended agains Small redbelted 

clearwing (Synanthedon myopaeformis Borkh. Lepidoptera: Aegeriidae) 

but Gusathion Em % 20 can not be recommended . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tIrlna EnslitOsu-ANKARA 

32

GONEYDOGU ANADOLU BOLGESiNDE ELMA 

AGA

INVESTIGATIONS ON POSSIBILITIES OF 

CURRING OF PROTECTION METHOD OF APPLE 

CLEARWING (SYNANTHEDON MYOPAEFORMIS 

BORKH.) ,ON APPLE TREES IN SOUTH-EAST 

ANATOLIAN REGION 

Sami MA9AN* 

Mahmut 8M" 

The investigations were carried out on Starking variety apple trees 

in Diyarbaklr province between 1981-1984. The aim of it was to find 

out the effective chemicals and in connection with it to determine the 

most convenient time and number of the treatments against(Synant~ 

hedon myopaeformis) Borkh. 

According ·to the results obtained, the fallowing points were concluded 

in the treatments against Synanthedon myopaeformis 

Borkh. 

1. Chlorpyrifos ethyl at the rate of 51 g/hl in normal pest population 

must be recommend two applications in Summer. The 1 st on 7-10 

days after the peak of trap catching and the second at the ending of 

trap catching. In high pest population one application in Spring and 

one in Summer (7-10 days after the peak of trap catching) is preferable. 

2. In three applications in Summer Dischlorvos at the rate of 100 

gthl and Endosulfan at the rate of 52.5 g/hl can also be recommended. 

The first application at the peak of trap catching; the 2. and 3. 

with 15-20 days intervals. 

3. Monitoring empty pupal skin and pheromon trap catch methods 

are available to determine moth emergence period. 

4. If only trunk and branch spraying is needed in small orchards 

knapsack sprayers can also b~ used. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO ·OIYARBAKIR. 

34

ORTA ANADOLU SOLGESi ELMA AGA9LARINDA 

ZARAR YAPAN TOMURCUK TIRTILLARI (HEDYA 

NUBIFERANA HAW.,SPILONATA OCELLANA F.)'N VE 

YAPRAK SOKEN (ARCHIPS SPP.)'E KARt:; ii..A9 

DENEMESi 

Tuncer GEviK* O. Zeki SOYLU* Ali OKUL' Hiiseyin BULUP 

Elma agaglannda zarar yapan Tomurcuk tlF'tllianna (Hedya nubiferana 

Haw., Spilonota ocellana F.)'na kar§1 Thiodan Cone. %35 

Em ve Decis(R) EC 2-5 ilaglan Ankara Beypazan'nda, 10 ya§lr bir 

bahgede denemeye ahndr. 

TesadOf bloklan deneme deseni uygulandl. Deneme 4 tekerrOrlO ve 

4 karakterli (3 ilag + 1 kontrol) olarak dOzenlendi. Bir agag bir parsel 

olarak alrndl. 

ilaglama, 5.4.1984 tarihinde zararll LEPiDOPTERA Tortricidae larvalarr 

ilk zararlannr yapmaya ba§ladrklarr zaman %57.3 nem ve 16.6°C 

sakin bir havada yaprldl. 

ilaglamada Holder marka motorlu pOlverizator kullanrldl, herbir 

agaca ortalama 12 I ilagll su sarfedildi. 

SaYlmrn yaplldlgl tarihte Elma agaglannda zarar yapan larvalann 

henOz gok kOgOk olmalarr nedeniyle tOr te§hisleri kesin olarak 

yapllamadl. Bu nedenle YaprakbOken (Archips spp.) ile Ye§iI tomurcuk 

tlrtllian (Hedya nubiferana) birlikte mOtalaa edildi. Bunlardan 

aYlrt edilebilen Klrmlzl tomurcuk tlrtilian (Spilonota ocellana) aynca 

saYlllp degerlendirmeler canll larvalar Ozerinden Abbott formOiOne gore 

yaprldl. 

Denenmesi istenen Thiodan Cone. %35 Em ve Decis(R) EC 2-5 

ilaglannrn etkisinin ilaglamadan 15 gun soma LEPIDOPTERA Tortricidae 

larvalanna % 100 etkili oimasl nedeniyle bu ilaglann siraslyia %0.15 

ve %0.03 dozlarda Elma agaglannda Tomurcuk tlrtillarr (Hedya nub; 

ferana, Spilonota ocellana),na ve Yaprak bOken (Archips 

spp.)'ne kar§1 kulianrlabilecegi kanaatine varrlml§tlr. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO - ANKARA 

35

CHEMICAL TREATMENT AGAINST BUD MOTHS 

(HEDYA NUBIFERANA HAW.,SPILONOTA OCELLANA., 

F.) AND TWIST MOTH (ARCHIPS SPP.) ON TREES 

IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA 

Tuncer (fEviK* O. Zeki SOYLU' Ali OKUL* Huseyin BULUP 

In order to determine the effectiveness of Thiodan Conc. %35 Em 

and Decis (R) EC 2-5 trials have been carried out in an orchard of 10 

year-old apple trees in Beypazan, Ankara in 1984. 

Experiments were designed with four replications and four characters 

(3 chemicals + 1 control) by using randomised block design and 

one tree was accepted as a plot. 

Chemicals were applied by a Holder pulverizer when the pest's damage 

appeared on 5 April 1984 at 16.6°C and 57.3% relative humidity. 

Evaluations were made according to Abbott formula, and 15 days 

after treatment chemicals showed 100% effectiveness for Thiodan 

Con. %35 Em, Decis (R) EC 2-5 at the dosages of 0.15% and 0.03%,. 

Therefore, the chemicals have been found to be recommended to use 

against the larvae of Bud moths (Hedya nubiferana Haw., Spllonata 

ocellana F.) and twist moth (Archips spp.) at the dosages 

given above. 

• Zirai Mucadele Ara§tlrma EnstitUs(J - ANKARA 

36

GONEYDOGU ANADOLU SOLGESiNDE ELMA 

iQKURDU (CYDIA POMONELLA L.)'NA KAR$I iLAQ 

DENEMESi 

Mahmut BA§' GOIlen MAQAN' Sami MAQAN' 

Diyarbaklr (Kabi)'da 1984 yilmda Starking Elma

CHEMICAL EXPERIMENTS AGAINST CODLING 

MOTH (eYOtA POMONELLA L.) ON APPLE TREES IN 

SOUTH-EAST ANATOLIA REGION 

Mahmut BA!' 

Sami MA~AW 

Different rates of Fenvalerate (8,5 and 2 g/hl) were tested against 

Codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) on Starking variete of Apple 

Trees, at Diyarbaklr province in 1984, 

The experiment was set up according to Randomized block design 

with five caracteres and 4 replications. Every 9 trees were considered 

as a plot. First application was made at the hatching of overwinterring 

generation (18.5.1984) and the second 20 days after that (7.6.1984). 

According to the results obtained, Fenvalerate at the rate of 8,5 

and 2 g/hl and control chemical Azynphos-methyl at the rate of 40 g/hl 

gave efficacy of 98,5%, 99,0%, 98,5% and 97,8% respectively. 

It was found also that the chemicals used in the experiment did not 

increase the population of Spider mites, 

The accute effect of the test chemical to the Coccinellidae is lower 

and prolonged effect is higher than control chemical. The effect of to 

Neuroptera as also low. 

In conclusion the test chemical Fenvalerate (Sumicidin 20 Em) at 

the rate of 2 g/hl with its low effect to the beneficial insects, can be recommended 

against Codling moth . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO 

bIYARBAKIR. 

38

DOGU ANADOLU BOLGESiNDE ELMA 

AGAC;LARINDA ELMA iC;KURDU (eYOtA 

POMONELLA L.)'NA KAR$I iLAC( DENEMESi 

Selim A YDOG DU' 

Deneme 1984 yillnda Erzincan, BaYlrbag koyOnde Sumicidin 20 EC 

ilaclnln %0.04 ve %0.025 dozlan ile mukayese ilaci olan Gusathion 20 

EM ilaclnln %0.2 dozunda elma igkurduna kar§1 yapllml§tlr. Deneme 

tesadOf bloklan deneme desenine gore uyguJanml§, 9 agag bir parsel 

olarak kabul edilmi§tir. 

ilaglama zamanlan tahmin ve uyan metodlanna gore tesbit edilmi§, 

14.6.1984 4.7.1984 ve 9.8.1984 tarihlerinde olmak Ozere Og ilaglama 

yapllml§tlr. 

ila

CHEMICAL CONTROL EXPERIMENTS ON APPLE 

CODLING MOTH (eYOtA POMONELLA L.) IN EAST 

ANATOLIA 

Selim A YDOGDU' 

The experiment was carried out at BaYlrbag, Erzincan in 1984 

against coding moth (Cydia pomonella L.) by using Sumicidin 20 

Ec at the rate of 0,04% and 0,025% and Gusathion 20 EM, at the 

rate of 0,2%, was used as a check for comparison. 

The experiment was arranged in randomised block design with 4 

characters and 4 replicates and 9 trees was accepted as a plot. 

The application times were determined according to the Early estimating 

and warning Methode and three applications were made on 

14.6.1984 and 4.7.1984 and 9.8.1984. 

The effectiveness of the chemicals were calculated by Abbott formula. 

The effects of the chemicals on Mites were determined before each 

application and after a week the third application, on the base of the 

numbers of the mites being present on 25 leaves. 

On the other hand, in order to find out if Sumicidin EM20 might be 

harmful to benefical insects, a (2x2 m) sheet was laid under each tree. 

And then the falling in sheets were Counted. 

At the end of this trial, the two doses of Sumicidin 20 EM 0,025% 

and 0,04%, were found effective against Codling moth at the rate of 

99,92% and 100% respectively. Gusathion 20 EM, being used as a 

check, was found effective at the rate of 97,47%, with the dose of 

0,2%. It was found that Sumicidin 20 EM is effective to Mite, but on 

the other hand there is not any important differences between chemicals 

in respect to effectiveness on the other beneficial and harmful .insects. 

As a result, the dose of 0,025% of Sumicidin 20 EM can be recommended 

to control Codling Moth . 

• Bah"e KOitOrleri Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO - ERZINCAN 

40

ORTA ANADOLU BOLGESiNDE ELMA 

AGACLARINDA ZARAR YAPAN ELMA iCKURDU 

(CYDIA POMONELLA L.)'NA KAR$I iLAC DENEMESi 

Huseyin BULUT* O. Zeki SOVLU' Ali OKUL* 

Cevdet ZEKi* Tuncer 9EViK* 

Ankara'da ({ubuk ilgesi - Gokcedere KoyO), 1983 Yllmda Elma 

igkurdu (Cydia pomonella L)'na kar§1 yapllan ilag denemesinde; Komithion 

50 (%0.15) Fastac 100 GIL EC (%.0.02), Koruma Sumicidin 

%20 EC (%0.04 ve %0.025) ve Dimilin 25 WP (%0.04) ilaglan denenmi§ 

ve soz konusu zararllya kar§1 etkili bulunarak tavsiyeleri uygun 

gorOlmO§tOr. 1985 Yllmda Sincan ilgesi - ilyakut KoyOnde tekrar 

yapllan denemede, Dimilin 25 WP ve Koruma Sumicidin %20 EC'nin 

yukanda verilen dozlar! denemeden glkartllml§; bunlann verine Koruma 

Sumicidin %20 EC'nin %O.Ol'lik dozu ve Sumicidin %10 FL (%0.05) 

denerheye ilave edilmi§tir. 

Denemeler, tesadOf bloklan deneme desenine gore, 1983 Yllinda 7 

karakter (6 ilag + §ahit) ve 4 tekerrOrlO; H~85 Ylhndaise 6 karakter (5 

ila9 + §ahlt) ve 4 tekerrOrlO olarak uygulanml§tlr. Elma i9kurduna kar§1 

1983 Yllinda 3, 1985'de 4 ila91ama yapllml§ ve ila9lamalarda, 1983 

Ylllnda 100, 1985'de ise 250 litrelik Holder marka motorlu pOlverizator 

kullamlml§tlr. 

1983 Ylhnda yapllan denemelerde, kullanllan ila91ann faydah ve zararh 

bocekler ile Klrmlzl orOmcekler Ozerine olan etkileri ara§tmlml§, 

1985'de ise sadece akarlara olan etkileri Ozerinde durulmu§tur. 

1983 Ylhnda yapllan denemelerde, Elma i9kurduna kar§l; Komithion 

50 ortalama %98.98, Fastac 100 GIL EC %100, Koruma Sumicidin 

%20 EC'nin %0.04'IOk dozu %99.76, %0.025'lik dozu %99.84; Dimilin 

25 WP %87.86 ve kar§lla§tlrma iiaci olarak kullanllan Decis 25 GIL EC 

%99.46 oranmda etkili olmu§tur. 

1985 ytlmda yapllan denemelerde ise soz konusu zararllya kar§l, 

Komithion 50 ortalama %95.77, Fastac 100 GIL EC %99.22, Koruma 

Sumicidin %20 EC (doz %0.01) %98.84, Sumicidin %10 FL %98.82 ve 

Decis 25 GIL EC (Kar§lla§tlrma ilacl) %98.34 etki gostermi§lerdir. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO - ANKARA 

41

ilaglann faydall ve zararll bocekler Ozerine olan ani etkilerini 

ara§tlrmak amaci ile 1983 Ylhnda yaplJan denemelerde, genel olarak 

en zehirli ilacm Fastac 100 GIL EC oldugu, bunu slrasl ile Komithion 

50, Decis 25 GIL EC, Koruma SumiCidin %20 EC'nin %0.04 ve 

%0.025'lik dozlannm izledigi saptanml§tlr. Dimilin 25 WP ile ilaglanan 

agaglarda, bezlere dO§en 010 Mcek saYlsl §ahit parseller kadar, hatta 

onlardan biraz daha az olmu§tur. 

Elma igkurduna kar§1 yapllan ilaglamala sonucu; Fastac 100 GIL 

Koruma Sumicidin %20 EC (Og dozu da), Sumicidin %10 Fl ve 

Decis 25 Gil EC, (Kar§lla§tlrma Hacmm klrmlZI orOmcekleri baskl altlnda 

tutabildikleri; Komithion 50 ve Dimilin 25 WP'nin ise tutamadlklan ve 

bunlarda akarlara kar§1 ayn bir ilaglama gerekebilecegi saptanml§tfr. 

Sonug olarak Fastac 100 GIL EC %0.02, Koruma Sumicidin %20 

EC, %0.01 Sumicidin %10 Fl %0.05, Komithion 50 %0.15 ve Dimilin 

25 WP %0.04 dozlannda Elma igkurduna kar§1 kullanrlmalan uygun 

gorOlmO§tOr. 

CHEMICAL TEST AGAINST CODLING MOTH 

(CYDIA POMONELLA L.) HARMFUL ON APPLE 

fREES IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA 

Huseyin BULUP O. Zeki SOYLU' Ali OKUL* 

Cevdet ZEKi* Tuncer

The effectiveness of the chemicals on useful insects, destructive insects 

and mites in 1983, and only on mites in 1985 has been determined. 

According to the results of the experiment carried out in 1983; Komithion 

50, Fastac 100 GIL EC, Dimilin 25 WP, Koruma Sumicidin 20% 

EC at the rates of 0.04% and 0.025% were found effective at 

98.98%, 100%, 87.86%, 99.76% and 99.84%, respectively. Decis 25 

GIL EC, the reference chemical, was found effective at 99.46%. 

According to the results of the experiment carried out in 1985; Komithion 

50, Fastac 100 GIL EC, Koruma Sumicidin 20% EC (0.01%) 

and Sumicidin 10% FL were found effective at 95.77%, 99.22%, 

98.84% and 98.82% respectively. Decis 25 GIL EC, the reference 

chemical, was found effective at 98.34%. 

In the trials carried out in 1983 to determine the acute toxicities of 

the chemicals on useful and harmful insects. Generally Fastac 100 GI 

L EC was found to be the most toxic to insects. This chemical was followed 

by Komithion 50, Decis 25 GIL EC, Koruma Sumicidin 20% EC 

at the rates of 0.04% and 0.025%. 

Number of the insects fallen on the sheets from the trees treated 

Dimilin 25 WP was approximately equal, in some cases less than from 

untreated trees. 

Fastac 100 GIL EC, Koruma Sumicidin 20% EC, Sumicidin 10% FL 

and Decis 25 GIL EC were found to suppress the mites, but Komithion 

50 and Dimilin 25 WP were found not to suppress the mites. 

As a result, Fastac 100 GIL EC (0.02%), Koruma Sumicidin 20% 

EC (0.01 %), Sumicidin 10% FL (0.05%), Komithion 50 (0.15%) and Dimilin 

25 WP (0.04%) can be used against Codling moth . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO - ANKARA 

43

KARADENiz BOLGESi ELMA BAH9.ELE~iNDE 

ENTEGRE SAVA$ OLANAKLARI UZERINDE 

C;ALI$MALAR 

 

Hasan KIROGLU' M.Kemal AYKA9* T.Mete ERGUOEN* 

Remzi 9AMLIOERE* Musa KILI9*· Tuncer 9EViK* 

Elma bahc;:elerindeki zararhlara kar§1 yapllan bilinc;:siz ilac;:lamalar sonunda; 

dogal dengenin bozulmasl, birc;:ok zararlmm ilac;:lara kar§1 mukavemet 

kazanmasl, sekonder zararhlann onemli zararhlar haline gec;:mesi 

ve c;:evre kirlenmesi gibi sorunlar meydana gelmi§tir. Bu sorunlann 

c;:ozOmO ic;:in, 1972 Yllmda bu proje ile Entegre mOeadele c;:ah§malanna 

ba§lanml§ ve c;:ah§malar 12 YII devam etmi§tir. 

Elma bahc;:elerinde faydall ve zararh faunaYI tesbit amaelyla 2 m'lik 

dal.saYlml, gQzle kontrol ve darbe yontemleri uygulanml§tlr. Aynea biHnmeyen 

zararll veya faydahlar laboratuvarda kOltOre alrndlktan sonra erginleri 

elde edilmi§tir. Elma bahc;:elerinin ana zararhsl olan Elma i¢kurdu 

(Cydia pomonella L.) Ozerindeki c;:all§malar proje sOresinee devam 

etmi§tir. Ergin C;:lkl§lnI tesbit amaelyla Haziran aYlnda, agac;:lann 

govdesine yerden 50 em yukseklige 2.5 em eninde oluklu kartondan 

tuzak bantlar sanlml§tlr. Tuzak bantlar haftada bir kontrol edilerek oluklar 

araslnda kokon oren larvalar, tuzak bant parc;:aslyla birlikte 

allndlktan soma tuzak bant tekrar yerine sanlml§tlr. Oluklu kaglt 

ic;:erisindeki larvalar kOltOr kutulanna konularak bahc;:edeki buyOk kOltor 

kafesinde muhafaza edilmi§tir. KOltur kutulan haftada bir kontrol edilerek 

C;:lkan kelebekler ve parazitler allnml§tlr. Ergin C;:lkl§1 biten kutulann 

ic;:erisindeki oluklu kagltlar 15 gun soma a

ergin glkl§1 ve ugu§ periyodu, yumurtanln agllmasl ve bah(felerdeki 

yogunluk tesqit edilerek ekonomik e§ige ula§an bahgelerde ilaglama 

yapllml§tlr. Aynca bah(felerde diger zarariliann saYlmlan yapllarak ekonomik 

e§ige ula§an zararillara kar~1 kimyasal mOcadele uygulanml§tlr. 

Elma bahgelerinde Arachnida slnlflndan 5 familyadan 12, Insacta 

slmftndan 57 familyadan 192 olmak Ozere toplam 204 tOr veya cins 

akar ve bocek tesbit edilmi~tir. Bunlardan yakla§lk %50'sinin zararll tOr 

oldugu anla§llml§tlr. Elma bahgelerinin onemli zararillarmdan alan 

Klrmlzl orOmcekler bOlgemizde yaygln olarak bulunmu§tur. Bolgemizde 

1981-1983 Yillannda mOcadelesi yonetilen 300 bahgenin 182'sinde 

ilaglamaYI gerektirecek yogunluga ula~ml§tlr. Klrmlzl orOmceklerin predatorO 

olarak Arachnida ve Insecta stnlftndan pek gok tOr tesbit edilmi~tir. 

Elma bahgelerinin diger onemli zararilian Yaprak bitleri ve Yaprak 

galeri gOveleridir. Yaprak bitlerinden Dysaphis spp., ilkbaharda 

elma bahgelerinde zarar verdikten sonra diger kOnuk(fulanna 

ta~tnmaktadlr. Gagmen olmayan Aphis pomi DeGeer ise yaztn daha 

gok obur dallarda zararh olmaktadlr. Yaprak galeri gOvelerinin, bilhassa 

yogun ilaglamalann yaplldlgl bahgelerde gok fazla oldugu tesbit edilmi~tir. 

Bolgemizde yonetimli mOcadele uygulanan bahgelerin 

%43.3'Onde Yaprak galeri gOvelerine kar§1 ilaglama yapllml§tlr. 

Elma igkurdu kl§layan dol erginleri Samsun'da genellikle MaYls ayl 

ortastnda glkmaya ba§lamakta ve ergin glkl§ periyodu ortalama 53 (42 

63) gOn devam etmektedir. KI~layan dol ile yaz dolleri genellikle giri~im 

yapml§tlr. Qalt§malann yaplldlgl diger illerde, kl§layan dol ergin glkl§lan 

iIIerin ekolojik ko§ullanna bag" olarak degi§mi~tir. Cinsel gekici tuzaklarda 

yakalamalar, kOltOr kutulannda glkl§lardan genellikle daha once ve 

dOzen Ii olmaktadlr. Buna kOltOr kutulannm dogal ko§ullan tamamen 

temsil etmemesi neden olmaktadlr. Elma igkurdu kelebekleri glktlktan 

soma alacakaranllk slcakllgl 15°C Ozerinde seyrettiginde ugar, giftle§ir 

ve yumurtalartm blraklrlar. Birinci doWn ilk blrakllan yumurtalannda 

kulugka sOresi 15 gOn iken daha soma bu sOre 5 gOne inmektedir. Yumurtalar 

agllma sOresinde, etkUi slcakhk toplaml 90 g.d. olarak kullamlmaktadlr. 

Yumurtadan glkan larvalar bir sOre gezindikten soma 

meyvelere girmekteOir. Larvalar geli~meleri sOresince 1-2 meyveye 

saldlrdlklan saptanml~tlr. Larvalann zarar oranl meyve (fe§itlerine gore 

degi§tigi ve bu. degi§iklik, ge~itlerin zararhya hassas veya mukavemetinden 

ileri gelmedigi, bunun Starking ge~idinde gigek gukurunun 

gekirdek evine kadar aglkllk olmastndan ileri gelmektedir. Larvalar da 

dogal clOm oram Yillara ve gall§malann yaplldlgl ekolojik ko~ullara gore 

%16.5-%50.7 arastnda degi~mi§tir. Dogal dO~manlardan ileri gelen 

olOm oram en fazla 1974 Yllmda %8.4 olmu~tur. diger taraftan larvalar 

45

da diyapoza gekilme birinci dolden itibaren gittikge artl§ gostererek 

Agustos ayl sonlannda %1 OO'e ula§maktadlr. Elma igkurdunun vegetasyon 

sOresince geli§mesini tamamlayan larvalar 0/038.3-%84.7 

oramnda diyapoza gekilmi§tir. 

Elma igkurdu biyolojik mOcadelesinde Omitvar gorOlen Yumurta paraziti 

Trichogramma evanescens West'sin laboratuvarda Arpa 

gOvesi Yumurtalan kullanarak Oretimi yapilml§; ancak klima odalarl 

olmadlgmdan kitle Oretim yapllamaml§tlr. Elma igkurduna kar§r mekaniksel 

mOcadele olanaklarr Ozerinde yapllan ga\l§malarda, larva toplama 

y6ntemi ile zarar oranl ortalama %44.1 oldugundan zararlrnm 

mOcadelesinde kullanilmayacagr anla§llml§tlr. 

Elma igkurduna kar§1 kimyasal mOcadelenin y6netimi Ozerinde 

RESEARCH ON THE INTEGRATED CONTROL 

POSSIBILITIES IN APPLE ORCHARDS IN THE 

BLACK SEA REGION OF TURKEY 

Hasan KIROGLU* M.Kemal AYKAe;* T.Mete ERGUDEN* 

Remzi e;AMLIDERE* Musa KILle;* Tuncer CEviK* 

Ignorantly use of pesticides in the apple orchards created many 

problems suchas upset of natural balance, development of pesticide 

resistant pests, stimulation of secondary posts and environmental contamination. 

In solving these problems the integrated control of apple 

pests was needed. Hence, this study was undertaken in 1972 and terminated 

in 1983 to investigate the integrated control possibilites in 

apple orchards in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. 

In order to determine the fauna of apple orchards the shooting 

method (W.Vogel et tho Wildbolz, 1956), the visual method 

(M.Baggiolini, 1965) and the beating method (Steiner, 1962) were 

used. Apart from these, the adults of unknown harmful and beneficial 

species were obtained from the laboratory cultures to identify them. 

The studies concerned with Codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) 

which is a key pest of apple orchards were continously carried out. In 

early, June a double band of corrugated cardboard so that corrugated 

sides facing each other was fixed around trunk of each experimental 

tree with an overlap so that the ends were attached to each other with 

a clip at a place above 50 cm from the ground to determine the adult 

emergence. These trap bands were examined twice a week for the larvea 

or cocoons in the grooves of the band. The pieces having grooves 

containing larvae or cocoons were cut from the band and the remaining 

band was fixed around the trunk of the same tree again. The 

pieces of trap bands that contain larvae or cocoons were placed in 

rearing boxes and these rearing boxes were kept in a large rearing 

box in the orchard. The rearing boxes were inspected weekly the 

emerging adults and parasites were taken. The corrugated cardboard 

bands in the rearing boxes in which adult emergence terminated w€re 

teared open and the number of larvae which entered to diapause as 

well as died larvae were recorded. The first adult emergence of overwintering 

generation and adult emergence period were determined by 

weekly inspections of the rearing boxes in the spring. Pheromone 

traps were used to determine the adult flight. In order to determine the 

flight and density of the adults the pheromone traps were suspended 

• Karadeniz Tanmsal Ara§tlrma EnstitUsu - SAMSUN 

47

the branches of the trees in late April at the rate of 1 trap/100 trees. 

The traps were checked each day until emergence of the first adult, 

after which checked weekly. The male months of Codling moth in each 

trap were taken and counted and recorded. In the spring when the 

adult flight began the sleeve cages were placed over the branches of 

the trees and the moths from the rearing boxes which were kept in the 

orchard were released into these cages to obtain the eggs of the pest 

and they observed daily to determine the hatching. Studies on the 

biological control possibilities and methods of mechanical and chemical 

control of Codling moth. The spraying programme was applied taking 

into consideration the first larval emergence, inspections for entries 

into fruits and percentage of the infested fruits and population 

density of adults and larvae in the orchard. Chemical control of the 

other pests which reach the economic injury threshold. 

In the study totally 204 insect or mite species have been determined 

.. Nearly 50% of them were harmful. Among these species red 

mites, leaf miners, aphids, San Jose scale (Quadraspldlotus per 

. niciosus Comst.) are pests of considerable importance in apple orchards. 

Among the beneficial insects and mites Syrphid fly larvae, Ladybird 

beetles, Lacewings and predacecus mites were important and 

common natural enemies. 

Codling moth adults from the overwintering generation began to 

emerge often in mid-May and the period of adult emergence" was on 

average 53 (42-63) days in Samsun. The dates of adult emergence in 

the other ·provinces varies depending on ecological conditions. The 

fi~st adult was caught by pheromone traps earlier than the adult emergence 

from the rearing boxes. The catches in the phoromone traps 

were observed until the harvest. The emerging Codling moth adults 

capulate and within 2 days females begin to egg laying when the temperature 

at dusk below 15°C. Incubation period of the early eggs laid 

by the females of 'the first generation was 15, while incubation period 

of those laid by the females late was 5 days. The effective temperature 

sum for the incubation period of eggs was around 90 degree-days. 

Newly hatched larvae bore through the skin of apple after wandering 

around for a while. The mortality in the larvae was found to be ranging 

from 16.5% to 50.7_. The mortality because of parasitization was maximum 

8.2% in 1974. The fully grown larvae began entering the state 

of diapause as from the first generation, by the time the rate of diapausing 

larvae increased and all the larvae entered diapause in late 

August. It has also been found that 38.3% to 84.7% of the fully grown 

larvae collected entire season entered diapause. 

48

A Hymenopter egg parasite Trichogramma evanescens West. 

appears promising in the biological controi of Codling moth. As a mechanial 

control collecting larvae by use of trap bands failed to be effective 

against the pest. . 

In 1981, the extent of damage was 25.3% in 4 orchards receiving 

no spraying and 2% and 1 % in 2 and 33 orchards receiving spraying 

respectively, while in 1982 it was 28.1 % in 5 orchards receiving no 

spraying, above 2% and below 1% in 3 and in 48 orchards receiving 

spraying respectively. In 1983, the extend of damage was 37.6% in 4 

orchards receiving no spraying, below 2% in 48 orchards receiving 

spraying except one orchard. The results indicated that in a spraying 

programme based on the critical biological stages of the pest as well 

as economic injury threshold 2 to 3 applications, instead of 5 to 6 applications 

in fixed-date spraying provided effective control of the pest. 

On the other hand, during 1981-1983 in 60.6% of the 300 orchards 

where the studies were carried out the spraying was made 

against the spider mites, in 43.3% against the leafminers, in 16.0% 

against the Apple small ermine moth, in 4.6% against the aphids, in 

5.3% against the Oystershell scale, in 3.7% the Apple blossom weevil 

and Fruit weevils, in 2.7% against the Leaf rollers and in 0.7% against 

the Cutworms, which reached the economic injury thresheld. Apart 

from this, the orchards infested with San Jose scale were sprayed to 

control the pest together with Codling moth. 

In the Black Sea Region, as well as in some regions of Turkey the 

forecasting and warning stations are being established. The apple 

growers will be warned based on the data collected from these stations. 

49

AKDENiz BOLGESi $EFTALi AGACLARINDA 

ZARARLI SAN JOSE KABUKLUCBiTi 

(QUADRASPfDfOTUS PERNfCfOSUS COMST.),NE 

KAR$I iLAC DENEMESi 

Abdurrahman YiGip 

Lerzan ERKILlQ* 

"Trifrina" (DNOC-ammonium tuzu %50) iiaci 400 9/100 I dozda, 

§eftali aga

CHEMICAL EXPERIMENT ON SAN JOSE SCALE, 

(QUADRASPIDIOTUS PERNICIOSUS COMST.,) 

INJURIOUS ON PEACH TREES IN 

MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY 

Abdurrahman viGiT* 

Letzan ERKILlG* 

"Trifrina", a preparation of 50% ammonium-salt of DNOC, was tested 

at the dosage of 400 g preparation/hi on overwintering stages of 

San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comst. that injurious 

on peach trees. 

The experiment was arranged at randomized blocks design, with 3 

characters and 6 repetitions, in a peach orchard of Adana (Ceyhan, 

Kozan) province. One tree was accepted as a plot. "Evrensel Dnok 

Vinter Va§", a preparaHon of 65% mineral oil + 1.58% DNOC, was 

taken place as a standart product, in the experiment. The chemicals 

were applied when the buds were fully dormant on January 31th, 

1984. by an orchard sprayer. 

Ten shoots each of 5 cm in long were taken from the plots (totally, 

50 cm shoot/plot), and the scales were counted as "alive" and "dead", 

on 34th day of the application. The efficiency of the products were 

calculated by Abbott formula. 

As a result of this study, the average effectiveness of "Trifrina" was 

found as 15.38%, and "Evrensel Dnok Vinter Va~f (at the dosage of 5 

kg/95 I) was found as 97.51%. It was concluded that "Trifrina" cannot 

be recommended to the control of San Jose scale . 

• Zirai MOcadeJe Ara§tlrma EnstitosO - ADANA. 

51

EGE BOLGESi MEYVE AGAGLARINDA ZARAR 

YAPAN YAPRAK BOKEN (ARCHIPS ROSANUS L., 

A.XYLOSTEANA L.)'NIN YUMURTA PARAZiTi 

TRICHOGRAMMA EMBRYOPHAGUM HARTiG'UN 

KONTROLLU KO$ULLARDA ORETiM OLANAKLARI 

OZERiNDE ON CALI$MALAR 

SOndOz UZUN* 

Erol VAL

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON REARING 

TRICHOGRAMMA EMBRYOPHAGUM HARTiG THE 

EGG PARASITE OF ARCHIPS ROSANUS L. AND 

A.XYLOSTEANA L. UNDER CONTROLLED 

CONDITIONS 

Siindiis UZUN* 

Erol YAL9IN* 

Through this study some biological parameters of Trichogramma 

embryophagum Hartig are obtained under controlled conditions. According 

to the results the duration of a generation is 12 (10-13) days 

and the number of the eggs laid by a female is 3.7-7.7 and the life 

span of an adult is 2.6 (1-5) days at 25°±1°C and 70-80% RH. A negative 

correlation is obtained between the number of parasited individuals 

and the host population density. If the climatic conditions is altered 

as 25°±1°C and the intensity of light is 1500-2000 lux for 15-16 

hours light period and 18°±1°C for the dark period at 70-80% RH the 

number of the eggs laid by a single female resulted in 19.2 (8.5-32) 

and the life span raised to 3-5 (2.68-55) days. 

Embryo is killed by heat treatment in order to prevent the cannibalizm. 

Parasited host eggs can be kept at 4-9°C for 67 days. 

When honey+agar+yeast combination is presented to the adult as 

food the number of the eggs laid by per female is 21.75, in the case 

of sugar+agar+yeast is 21.18 and honey+agar resulted in 18.1. Dimension 

of the rearing tubes effected the egg yield. Three dimensions, 

0,8x5-6 cm; 0.8x10-12'cm; 1,5x16-18 cm; were tested and the 

number of the eggs were 13.5; 26.97; and 24.66 respectively. However 

0-72 hour old eggs can be parasited but the most preferred is 24 

30 hour old (yield is 20.33 and 19,71 eggs respectively.) 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO, Bornova - IZMIR. 

53

ERZiNCAN ILINDE ELMA AGACLARINDA ZARARLI 

AKDiKEN AKARI (TETRANYCHUS VfENNENSfS 

ZACHER)'NA KAR$I iLAC DENEMESi 

Selim A YOOGOU' 

Hasan KESKiN* 

Erzincan (Merkez),de 1985 Yllinda elma agaglannda zararll Akdiken 

akan (Tetranychus viennensis)'na kar§1 ilag denemesi yapllml§tlr. 

Deneme tesadOf bloklan deneme desenine gore 4 karakter ve 4 tekerrOrlO 

olarak agllml§tlr. SaYlmlar Ilagiamadan 1 gun once ve 3, 7, 14, 

21 ve 28 gun sonra her agacm 4 yonOnden ig ve dl§ klslmlanndan 

alman 25 yapragm uzerinde yapllml§tlr. Saylm sonuglan aktif formlar 

uzerinden Henderson Tilton formulune gore degerlendirilmi§tir. 

Denemeden elde edilen sonuglara gore Plictran 80 Dry ilacmm 25 

ve 35 gr'llk dozlannm ilaglamadan 28 gun sonra etkilerinin %95'in 

Ozerinde oldugu gorOlmu§ ve 25 gr'llk dozunun akdiken akanna kar§1 

kullanllabilecegi kamslna vanlml§tlr. 

THE CHEMICAL EXPERIMENT AGAINST 

HAWTHORN MITE (TETRANYCHUS VfENNENSfS 

ZACHER) HARMFUL ON APPLE TREES IN 

ERZiNCAN 

Selim AYOOdou' 

Hasan KESKiN* 

The experiment was carried out to determine the effectivenes level 

op Plictran 80 Dry against Tetranychus viennensis being harmful 

on apple in Erzincan 1984. The experiment was arranged by using 

Randomized block design with 4 characters and 4 replications. In this 

study, the countings of mites being present on 25 leaves were done 1 

day before and 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days after spraying. The results of 

counting were evaluated by using of Handerson-Tilton's formula in respect 

to mites being in active stage, 

According to the results of ,the experiment, Plictran 80 Dry was 

found effective by using the doses of 0,025% and 0,035% at the rate 

of 95.17% and 95.34% respectively, No phytotoxity has been noticed, 

As a result, Plictran 80 Dry maybe recommended with the dose of 

0,025% for the chemical control of this pest. 

* 8ahge KOltOrleri Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO - ERZINCAN. 

54

EGE SOLGESiNDE MEYVE AGACLARINDA ZARAR 

YAPAN ELMA AGKURDU (YPONOMEUTA 

MALlNELLUS ZELL.) (LEP.: YPONOMEUTIDAE)'NA 

KAR$I iLAC DENEMESi 

Orhan ULU' 

Aynur ONUQAW 

izmir-Odemi§ (Bozdag)'de elma aga~lanna zararll olan Elma Ag 

Kurdu (Yponomeuta malinellus Zell.) larvalanna kar§l, TesadOf 

Bloklan Deneme Desenine gore 4 karakterli ve 4 tekrarll olarak 1985 

Ylltnda Dimilin 25 WP (%0.04) ilaci denenmi§tir. Denemede Lebaycide 

50 EC (%0,15) ve Dipel TM (%0,05) kar§lla§tlrma ilaci olarak kullanllml§tlr. 

ilaglamadan 20 gun sonra yapllan saYlmlarda Dimilin 25 WP 

ve Lebaycide 50 EC ilaglan %100; Dipel TM iiaci ortalama %91,4 etkili 

bulunmu§tur. 

Bu sonuglara gore Dimilin 25 WP ilactntn ani Ian zararli larvalanna 

kar§1 kullanllabilecegi kanlsma vanlml§tlr. 

SPRAYING EXPERIMENT AGAINST THE SMALL 

ERMINE MOTH (YPONOMEUTA MALlNNELLUS 

ZELL.) (LEP.: YPONOMEUTIDAE) IN AEGEAN 

REGION 

Orhan ULU' 

Aynur ONUQAW 

The experiment was set up in izmir-Odemi§ (Bozdag), in 1985, on 

Apple trees according to the Randomized block design with 4 characters 

and 4 replicates. Dimilin 25 WP (0.04%) was tested with the comperasion 

of Lebaycide 50 EC (0.15%) and Dipel TM (0.05%). Dimilin 

25 WP and Lebaycide 50 EC were found 1 00% and Dipel TM was 

found 91,4% effective in the counting which was made 20 days after 

the treatment. 

According to the results, Dimilin 25 WP (0,4%) can be used against 

the Yponomeuta malinellus larvae . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§t1rma EnstitQsO, Bornova IIZMiFi. 

55

ORTA ANADOLU BDLGESiNDE ARMUT 

AGACLARINDA ZARAR YAPAN ARMUT 

TESTERELi ARISI (HOPLOCAMPA BREVIS 

KLUG.)'NA KAR$I iLAC DENEMESi 

Huseyin BULUT* 

Ali OKUL* 

O. Zeki SOYLU* 

Tuncer C;:EviK* 

1984 Ylhnda AtatOrk Orman «iftligi'ndeki (Ankara) "Williams" armut 

ge§idinde, Decis(R) EC 2.5 (%0.05), Thiodan Consentrat %35 Em 

(%0.15) ve Lebaydd %50 Em (%0.15) (kar§lla§tlrma ilacl) adh ila91a kullanllatak 

Armut testereli ansI (Hoplocampa brevis Klug.)'na kar§1 dename 

yapllml§tlr. Deneme tesaduf bloklan deneme desenine gore 4 

krakterli ve 4 tekerrurlO olarak uygulanml§tlr. 16 aga9 bir parsel olarak 

ahnml§ ve saYlmlar ortadaki 4 aga9ta yapllml§tlr. 

Armut testereli arlslna kar§1 4 MaYls 1984 tarihinde bir kez ila91ama 

yapllml§tlr. Bundan 20 gun sonra yapllan saYlmlardan, her parseldeki 

kurtlu meyve yOzdeleri ve Abbott formOIOne gore ila91ann yOzde etkileri 

hesaplanml§tlr. 

ila91ann faydah ve zararh bOceklere olan etkilerini ara§tlrmak i9in her 

parselde, 10 cm uzunluktaki 5 dalda bulunan canhlar ve 25 yaprakta 

bulunan akarlar saYllml§tlr. Aynca ila91amadan hemen sonra aga91ann 

altlna bezler (4x4= 16 m2) serilmi§ ve 6 saat i9inde bunlara dO§en 

bOcekler saYllarak ila91ann faydah ve zararhlara olan ani etkileri bulunmu§tur. 

Deneme sonu91anna gore: Deds (R) EC 2.5 ortalama %98.74, Thiodan 

Conzentrat %35 Em %91.3 ve kar§lla§tlrma ilaci olarak kullanllan 

Lebaycid %50 Em % 100 oramnda etki gostermi§tir. 

Bu denemede, faydall ve zararll bocekleri en 90k oldOren ilacm 

Deds(R) EC 2,5 oldugu ve bunu Thiodan Conzentran %35 Em ve Lebaycid 

%50 Em'in izh~digi gorOlmu§tOr. 

Sonu9 olarak; Decis (R) EC 2,5 (%0.05) ve Thiodan Conzentrat 

%35 Em (%0.15) ila9lannm, Armut testereli anslna kar§1 kullamlmasl 

uygun bulunmu§tur. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO . ANKARA. 

56

CHEMICAL TEST AGAINST PEAR SAWFLY 

(HOPLOCAMPA BREVIS KLUG.) HARMFUL ON PEAR 

TREES IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA 

HUseyin BULUT* 

Ali OKUL * 

O. Zeki SOYLU* 

Tuncer 9EViK* 

The experiment was carried on Williams pear cultivar at AtatOrk Forest 

Farm, Ankara in 1984 against Pear sawfly (Hoplocampa brevis 

Klug.) by using Deds (R) EC 2,5 (0,05%), Thiodan Conzentrat 35% 

(0,15%) and Lebaycid 50% Em (0.15%) (the reference chemical). 


characters and 4 replicates. 16 trees were accepted as a plot and 

countings were made on 4 trees. 

A single application was made on 4.5.1984 against pear sawfly. 20 

days after application, infested fruits at the each plot were caunted 

and the effectiveness of the chemicals were calculated by Abbott formula. 

In order to determine the effectiveness of the chemicals on useful 

and other pests; living individuals on 5 branches of 10 cm long and 

mites on 25 leaves were counted at the each plot. In addition, after 

application the sheets immediately had been laid under the trees. 

Then insects fallen in 6 hours on the Sheets were counted. 

According to the results of the experiment Decis (R) EC 2,5 and 

Thiodan Canzentrat 35% were found effective at 98.74% and 91.3%. 

Lebaycid 50%, the reference chemical; was found effective at 100%. 

At the comparison of the effectiveness of the chemicals, Decis (R) 

EC 2,5 was found to be the most effective to useful and destructive 

insects. 

As a result, Decis (R) EC 2,5 (0.05%) and Thiodan Con;::entrat 35% 

(0.15%) can be used against Pear sawfly. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO ANKARA. 

57

iZMiR VE QEVRESiNDE ERiKLERDE ZARAR 

YAPAN TESTERELi ARILAR (HOPLOCAMPA SPP.) 

(HYIVIENOPTERA:TENTHREDINIDAE) KAR$I iLAC( 

DEN E IVI Esi 

Sevin.; SAN' 

Aydin ZOMREOGLU' 

SakanllQlmlzdan tavsiyeye esas olmak Ozere gonderilen Thiodan 

35 Ec ve Deds (R) 2-5 Ec ila

ORTA ANADOLU BOLGESiNDE MEYVE 

AGACLARINDA ZARAR YAPAN ViRGUL 

KABUKLUBiTi (LEPIDOSAPHES ULMI L.)'NE KAR~I 

iLAC DENEMESi 

Ali OKUL' O. Zeki SOYLU* Huseyin BULUT* Tuncer

CHEMICAL TEST AGAINST OYSTER-SHELL 

SCALE (LEPIDOSAPHES ULMI L.) HARMFUL ON 

FRUIT TREES IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA 

Ali OKUl* O. Zeki SOYlU' Hiiseyin BULUT* Tuncer 9EViK* 

The winter spray test was carried out at Klr§ehir in 1984 against 

Oyster-shell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi L.) by using Trifrina, Vintox 

and Dinopron. 


characters and 4 replicates. A single tree was accepted as a plot. Holder 

mark pulverizatdr with 100 I capacity was used for the application. 

Countings were made on the day before treatment and 15 days 

after the first larvae emerge on 5 branches of 5 cm long on each plot. 

Before treatment, the scales of adult female with eggs were counted; 

after treatment, living individuals at different larval stages were counted. 

Results were evaluated by using Abbott formula. 

According to the results of the experiment, Trifrina (0.4%), Vintox 

(0.75%) and Dinopron (5%) were found effective at 97.0%, 98.9% and 

99.0% respectively. Dinopron (7%), the reference chemical was found 

effective at 100%. 

As a result, Trifrina (0.4%), Vintox (0.75%) and Dinopron (5%) can 

be used in winter spray against Oyster-Shell scale. 

On the other hand, Dinopron at the rate of 5"/" instead of 7% 

should be recommended. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara!tlrma EnstitOs(i ANKARA. 

60


AGACLARINDA ZARAR YAPAN ViRGOL 

KABUKLUBiTi (LEPIDOSOPHES ULMI L.)'NE KAR$I 

iLAC DENEIVIESi 

Ali OKUL* Huseyin BULUP Cevdet ZEKi* Tuncer 9EViK' 

1985 Yllinda Konya (Eregli),de Trifrina ve Dinopron ilaglan ile elma 

agaglannda VirgOI Kabuklubiti (Lepidosaphes ulmi L.)'ne kar§1 kl§ 

ilag denemesi yapllml§tlr. 

Deneme tesadOf bloklan deneme desenine gore 3 karakterli ve 7· 

tekerrOrlO olarak tertiplenmi§tir. Sir agag bir parsel olarak allnml§tlr. 

ilaglamada 100 litrelik Holder marka motorlu pOlverizator kullanllml§ 

ve bir agaca ortalama 20 litre ilag" su pulverize edilmi§tir. 

SaYlmlar ilaglamadan bir gOn once ve birinci dol larvalannln 

glkl§lndan 15 gun sonra her parselin i§aretli olan 1-2 Yllhk 5 dalmdan 

10 cm uzunlugundaki dallann 5'er cm'lik klslmlannda; on saYlmda yumurtall 

ergin di§i kabuklan, ilaglamadan sonraki saYlmda ise ge§itli 

donemlerdeki (1. ve 2. donem) can" larva, bireyler saYllarak yapllml§trr. 

SaYlm sonuglan yOzdesiz Abbott formulOne gore degerlendirilmi§tir. 

Denemeden elde edilen sonuglara gore VirgOI Kabuklubitinin yumurtalanna 

kar§1 Trifrina iiaci %0.4 dozunda %98.0, kar§lla§tlrma ilaci 

olan Dinopron'un %5'lik dozu ise %99.5 oranrnda etkili olmu§lardlr. Trifrina 

ilaci kar§lla§tlrma iiaci kadar etkili oldugundan virgOI kabuklubitinin 

yumurtalanna kar§1 tavsiye edilmesinin uygun olacagl kanaatine 

vanlml§tlr. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsu - ANKARA. 

61

WINTER CHEMICAL TEST AGAINST 

OYSTER·SHELL SCALE (LEPIDOSAPHES ULMI L.) 

HARMFUL ON FRUIT TREES IN CENTRAL 

ANATOLIA 

Ali OKUL* HUseyin BULUT* Cevdet ZEKi* Tuncer CEviK* 

The winter spray test was carried out at Eregli, Konya in 1985 

against Oyster-shell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi L.) by using Trifrina 

and Dinopron. 

The experiment was arranged in randomised block desIgn with 3 

characters and 7 replicates. A single tree was accepted as a plot Holder 

mark pulverizator with 100 I capacity was used for the application. 

Countings were made on the day before treatment and 15 days 

after the first larvae emerge on 5 branches of 5 cm long on each plot. 

Before treatment, the scales of adult female with eggs were counted; 

after treatment, living individuals at first and second larval stages were 

counted. Results were evaluated by using Abbott formula. 

According to the results of the experiment, Trifrina at the rate of 

0.4% was found effective at 98.0%. Dinopron, the reference chemical, 

was found effective 99.5% at the rate of 5%. 

As a result, Trifrina at the rate of 0.4% can be used against the 

eggs of Oyster-Shell scale. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO ANKARA. 

62


AGACLARINDA ZARAR YAPAN SAN JOSE 

KABUKLUBiTi (QUADRASPIDIOTUS PERNICIOSUS 

COMST.),NE KAR$I KI$ iLAC DENEMESi 

Ali OKUL' O. Zeki SOYLU* Hiiseyin BULUT* Tuncer QEviK* 

.: 384 Yllinda Ankara (Yenimahalle, GuvengkoyO)'da Trifrina, Vintox 

I ~ Dinopron ilaglan ile elma agaglannd2. San Jose Kabuklubiti (Quad 

- ,'S 'Jidiotus perniciosus Comst.)'ne kar§1 kl§ ilag denemesi 

yapriml§tlr. 

Deneme TesadOf Bloklan Deneme Desenine gore 5 karakterli ve 6 

te ,errOrlO olarak tertiplenmi§tir. Bir agag bir parsel olarak allnml§ ve 

il 19lanan agaglar arasmda birer Slra agag emniyet §eridi olarak 

r rakilml§tlr. 

ilaglamada 100 litrelik Holder marka motorlu pOlverizatar kullamlml§ 

ve bir agaca ortalama 14 litre ilagh su pOlverize edilmi§tir. 

SaYlmlar ilaglamadan bir gOn once ve ilaglamadan 30 gOn sonra 

her agacm dort yonOnden alman 1-2 ya§lannda 10 cm uzunlugundaki 

dallann 5'er cm uzunlugundaki klSlmlannda bulunan San Jose Kabuklubiti'nin 

canll, 010 fertleri saYllarak yapllml§tlr. SaYlm sonuglan Abbott 

formO 10 ne gore degerlendirilmi§ti r. 

Denemeden elde edilen sonuglara gore Trifrina %0.4 dozunda 

%27.0, %0.5dozunda %26.6 ve Vintox %0.75 dozunda %35.3 

oranmda dO§Ok etki gosterdiklerinden San Jose Kabuklubitine kar§1 

kullamlamlyacaklan kanaatlna vanlml§tlr. Kar§lla§tlrma ilacl olan Dinopron 

ise %99.6 oranlnda yOksek etki gostermi§tir. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO . ANKARA. 

63

CHEMICAL EXPERIMENT AGAINST THE SAN 

JOSE SCALE (QUADRASPIDIOTUS PERNICIOSUS 

COMST.) ON APPLES IN WINTER IN CENTRAL 

ANATOLIA 

Ali OKUL* O. Zeki SOVLU' HOseyin BULUT* Tuncer vEviK* 

This winter expiremint was aimed to test Dinopron, Trifrina and Vintox 

against the San Jose Scale on Apple trees at GOven(f village in 

Yenimahalle country of Ankara in 1984. Five characters (4 chemicals + 

1 control) and six replications were used according to the randomized 

block design. A single tree was accepted as one parcel. A row of trees 

was left between parcels. 

Holder mark pulverizator with 100 I capacity was used for the applications. 

Countings were done one day before and thirty days after treatment. 

In each parcel, specimens for counting, 10 em long pieces of 1 

2 years old braches were taken from the four directions and from the 

inside of the tres and countings were done on the 5 em part of these 

pieces. Both the alive and dead larvae on these branches were counted. 

Results were obtained by using the Abbott formula. 

In the experiment, the average effectiveness of Trifrina (0.4%), Trifrina 

(0.5%) and Dinopron were 27.0%, 26.6%, 99.6% respectively. 

According to these results Trifrina (0.4% and 0.5%) can not be recommended 

against the San Jose Scale . 

. • Zirai Mucadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsu ANKARA. 

64

AKDENiz SOLGESi MEYVE AGA

CHEMICAL EXPERIMENT ON HAWTHORN SPIDER 

MITE, TETRANYCHUS VIENNENSIS ZACHER., 

INCURIOUS ON FRUIT TREES IN 

MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY 

Abdurrahman ViGiT* LerZ811 ERKILlQ* 

"Pilictran 80 OF" (Cyhexatin), a specific acaricide, was tested on 

Hawthorn spider mite, Tetranychus viennensis Zacher. for registration. 

The trial was conducted on "Starklng" variety apple trees in Adana 

(Pozantl) province, according to randomized blocks design, with 4 characters 

and 4 replications, and single tree considered as a plot. Chemicals 

were applied on August 2, 1985, by a handgun sprayer. 

Countings were done one day before and 3, 6, 13 and 20 days 

after the application. For that purpose, 25 leaves/plot were taken randomly, 

and using a leaf brushing machine, the mites in active stages 

were counted uner the stereomicroscope. The efficacy of the products 

were calculated by Tilton-Henderson formula. 

As a result of the study the average effectiveness of the products 

on 3rd, 6th, 13th and 20th day the application, respectively, were 

found as below: 

Plictran 80 OF (0.035%): 99.54%, 99.79%, 99.89%, 100.0%, 

Plictran 25 W (0.125%): 98.95%, 99.95%, 99.57%, 99.26%, 

Neoron 500 EC (0.1%): 99.59%, 99.87%,99.74%, 99.24%. 

It was concluded that Plictran 80 OF can be recommended to control 

of Hawthorn spider mite . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitGsO MOdOrlOgo 

ANKARA. 

66

ORTA ANADOLU BOLGESi BAGLARINDA SALKIM 

GOVESi (LOBESIA BOTRANA DEN. ET SCHiFF),NiN 

CiNSEL

INVESTIGATIONS ON THE DETERMINATION OF 

CHEMICAL APPLICATION TIME BY USING 

SEX-PHEROMON TRAPS AGAINST EUROPEAN 

GRAPE BERRY MOTH (LOBESIA BOTRANA DEN.ET 

SCHIFF, LEP.: TORTRICIDAE) AND THE 

POSSIBILITY OF THE USE OF THESE TRAPS IN 

AGRICULTURAL WARNING AND FORECASTING 

PROGRAM 

i)zlen ATA9* Tuncer 9EViK* Cevdet ZEKi* 

This study was carried out in two grape Berry Moth infested vineyards 

(treaed and untreated) in Ankara ($ereflikoc;hisar) in 1983 

and 1984. The infestation percentage of moth in vineyards, the catching 

rate of the synthetic sexpheroman traps, the damage of the moth 

were determined. Also the climatic data and the phenology of vine 

were recorded during the study. 

The first chemical applications were done on 26th May, 1983 and 

30th May, 1984, when the first larvae appeared and the vine had flower 

buds. The second applications were done on 18th July, 1983 and 

11th July, 1984, when the first larvae and eggs appeared respectively. 

On this time the berries were as big as chick pea and just before 

the first appearance of ripening. 

At the result of the study, the Grape Berry Moth was having two 

generations but third generation was not important. It was determined 

that sex-pheromon traps were better than food traps. The chemical 

application times were determined by evaluating all these data together 

on agricultural warning and forecasting program. 

It is concluded that, in order to decide the chemical applications 

the following conditions should be taken into consideration. For the 

first application: 

1- The peak point of the flying curve, which is drawn according to 

the number of months catched by sex-pheromon traps, should exist, 

2- The total effective temperature should be 120 day-degrees, 

since 1 st January, 

3- The evening temperature should be above 15°C, 

4- The vine should have flower buds and 

5- The infestation of moth in vineyard when reached 20%. 

For the second application: 

1- The peak point of the flying curve should exist, 

2- The total effective temperature should be about 520 daydegrees, 

3- The infestation of moth in vine-yard when found 1% and 

4- The berries should be as big as chick pea and just before the 

first appearance of ripening. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitUs(i - ANKARA. 

68

ORTA ANADOLU BAGLARINDA ZARAR YAPAN 

SALKIM GOVESi (LOBESIA BOTRANA DEN. ET 

SCHIFF)'NE KAR$I iLA

CHEMICAL CONTROL OF EUROPEAN GRAPE 

BERRY MOTH (LOBESIA BOTRANA DEN. ET 

SCHIFF) IN VINEYARDS IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA 

Ozlen ATA

GONEYDOGU ANADOLU BOLGESiNDE 

BAGLARDA ZARAR YAPAN SALKIM GOVESi 

(LOBESIA BOTRANA SCHIFF. AND DEM., LEP.: 

TORTRICIDAE),NE KAR$I iLA~ DENEMESi 

Sami MAQAN* 

Mahmut SA!* 

Deneme 1984 Yllmda Diyarbaklr (Kuyuslltl)'da Saiki m Guvesi ile 

bula§lk sOrgunleri slra uzerine topraga uzatllml§ olarak yeti§tirilen Slralik 

uzum ge§idinde agllml§tlr. Cypermethrin (lmperator) Deltamethrin (Decis 

(R) EC 2-5) ve Cypermethrin (Fastac 100 GIL) ilaglan 5, 1.25 ve 0.75 

g/hl (20.00, 12.50 ve 30.00 ml/100 I su) dozlarda denenmi§, 

kar§lla§tlrma ilaci olarak Azynphos-methyl (Gusathion, 20 Em)-25 g/hl 

(125 mill 00 I su) ahnml§tlr. 

ilaglama zamanlannm belirlenmesinde onemli olan kelebek ugu§ 

seyri baga yerle$tirilen e§eysel

If-'' 

CHEMICAL EXPERIMENTS AGAINST GRAPE 

MOTH (LOBESIA BOTRANA SCHIFF. AND DEN.) ON 

VINE IN SOUHT-EAST ANATOLIAN REGION 

GUI~en MAQAN* Sami MAQAN* Mahmut BA~* 

The experiment was carried out on vine which grapes were infected 

by Grape moth at Diyarbaklr (KUyUSlrtl) province in 1984. Cypermethrin 

(Imperator), Deltamethrin (Decis(R) EC 2-5) and Cypermethrin (Fastac 

100 GIL) chemicals were used at the rate of 5, 1,25 and 0,75 g/hl respectively. 

Azynphosmethyl (Gusathion, 20 Em) at the rate of 25 g/hl 

was used as a control chemical. 

Pheromon trap was used to find out the curve of flying adults in 

order to determine, the application time. At the same time larvae was 

sought when the phenology was nearly about bud, flawering, unripe 

grape and ripe fruit. Three applications were done at 29.5.1984, 

17.7.1984 and 17.8.1984. 

According to the results obtained Cypermethrin (Imperator) Deltamethrin 

and Cypermethrin (Fastac 100 GIL) at the rate of 5, 1,25 and 

0,75 g/hl gave efficiency of 81,0%, 73,5% and 87,0% respectively. 

The control chemical Azynphosmethyl at the rate of 25 g/hl gave efficiency 

of 87,5%. 

In conclusion the tested products can be recommended against 

Grape moth because they did not differ from the control chemical in 

efficacy. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO OIVARBAKIR. 

72

BAZI SENTETiK PYRETHROiDLERiN PAMUKTA 

KIRMIZI ORUMCEK (TETRANCYHUS URT/CAE 

(KOCH.) ve T. CiNNABAR/NUS BOISD.) 

POPULASYONLARINI ARTIRMADAKi ROLLERi 

UZERiNDE ARA$TIRMALAR 

Jale CENGiz· 

Filsun TEZCAN* 

Ulkemizde pamugun onemli zararillanndan olan Ye~ilkurt (Helicoverpa 

armigera (Hb.)'a kar~1 yapdan ilagll mOcadelede sentetik pyrethroidlerin 

fazla miktarda kullamlmalan sonucu bu ilaglann KlrmlZI 

brOmcek (Tetranychus urticae (Koch.) ve T.cinnabarinus 

Boisd.) populasyonlanm arttlrdlgl gozlenmi~tir. Konuya aglkllk getirmek 

amaclyla 1983-1984 ytllannda yapllan gali~malar sonunda, Ye~ilkurta 

kar~1 kullanllan sentetik pyrethroidlerden deltamethrin ve cypermethrin 

ile geni~ spektrumlu bir insektisit olan carbaryl'in Klrmlzl orOmcek populasyonlannl 

arttlrdlQI saptanml~tlr. Bu nedenle SQZ konusu ilaglann kullanllmalannm 

zorunlu oldugu hallerde, uygulamada bir akarisitle birlikte 

yer almalan gerekmekte olup, yll iginde birdenfazla uygulanmamalanna 

ozen gosterilmelidir. Ye~ilkurta kar~1 yapllacak birden fazla ilagl! 

mOcadelede ise yonergesinde belirtilen diger aktif madde gruplanndaki 

ilaglara yer verilmelidir. 

THE EFFECT OF SOME PYRETHROIDS ON 

INCREASING THE SPIDER MITE POPULATIONS 

ON COTTON 

Jale CENGiz* Filsun TEZCAN* 

This work has been carried out to determine, whether some pyrethroids 

and carbaryl, which are used against Helicoverpa armigera 

(Hb.) on cotton, cause increase on populations of spider mites (Tetranychus 

urticae (koch.) and T.cinnabarinus Boisd.) during 

1983-1984. 

Results showed that, two different groups of pyrethroid (deltamethrin 

and cypermethrin) and carbaryl (Hektavin) caused increase of spider 

mite populations. As it is known, sometimes the use of these 

groups of chemicals against cotton pests are inevitable. In this case 

these chemicals should be used with one of acaricides together. 

Finally, it can be said that, these groups of chemicals even with 

acaricides together, shouldn't be used more than once in a year. If 

more than one application is need to control Helicoverpa armigera, 

in this case, other than these groups of chemicals should be recommended 

and used . 

• Zirai Mucadele Ara!}tlrma Enstitusu, Bornova-IZMIR. 

82

ELECTROOYN iLE EGE BOLGESi PAMUKLARINOA 

ZARARLI EMici BOCEKLERE KAR$I 

iLACLAMALARIN ETKiLERiNiN ARA$TIRILMASI 

OZERiNOE ON CALI$MALAR 

Jale CENGiz* Erol YALCIN* Fusun TEZCAN* 

D. ENDOSTRi VE sOS BiTKiLERi 

ZARARLILARI 

INDUSTRIAL AND ORNAMENTAL 

PLANT PESTS

Considering the results both field and laboratory together, it was 

concluded that synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, "Oecis", "Imperator", . 

and "Sumicidin" cannot be recommended to control of Strophomorphus 

ctenotus, because of their effiency were not found as 

enough as the. standart product, monocrotophos . 

CHEMICAL EXPERIMENT ON STROPHOMORPHUS 

CTENOTUS DESBR.(COL., CURCULIONIDAE), 

INJURIOUS ON GRAPEVINES OF 

iCEL PROVINCE 

Abdurrahman vlGil* 

Lerzan ERKILlC;* 

There synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, "Oecis(R) 2-5 EC" (deltamethrin) 

(at the dosage as preparation of 0.04%), "Imperator 25 EC" 

(cypermethrin) (0.02%), and "Sumicidin 20.EC" (fenvalerate). (0.075%) 

were tested onStrophomorphus ctenotus Oesbr., injurious on 

grapevines of 1ge1 province. 

Field experiment was arranged according to randomized block design 

with 5 characters. and 3 repetetions, and each plot had 4x4=16 

vines. The chemicals were applied at May 1st, 1985, by the appearanceof 

adult damage, in synchronization with just before the blossom. 

The insecticides were sprayed by a knapsack sprayer. On 7th day of 

application, dead and/or paralized adults of 4 vines, centered of each 

plot. were recorded that were fallen on the ground, because of the insecticides' 

effect. Furthermore, 40 clusters, taken from the same vines 

at each plot, were examined for damage ratio (%) of the pest. On the 

other hand, effectiveness of the insecticides on adults were tested 

under laboratory conditions. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara\tlrma EnstitosO . ADANA. 

77

iCEL III BAGLARINOA ZARAR YAPAN BAG 

MAYMUNCUGU, STORPHOMORPHUS CTENOTUS 

OESBR. (COL., CURCULloNiDAE),A KAR$I iLAC 

DENEMESi 

Abdurrahman viGip 

Lerzan ERKILIC' 

igel iii baglannda zararll bag maymuncugu, Strophomorphus 

ctenotus Desbr. mOcadelesinde kullanllmak Ozere sentetik pyrethroid 

grubu ilaglardan "Decis(R) 2-5 EC" (deltamethrin) %0.04 dozda ruhsat 

ve "Imperator" 25 EC (cypermethrin) %0.02 ve "Sumicidin 20 EC" (fenvalerate) 

ise %0.075 dozlannda ara§>tlrma amaclyla denenmi§>tir. 

Mersin {igel),e bag II Arpagsakarlar KoyOnde tesadOf bloklan d.esenine 

gore 5 karakter (4 ilag + 1 kontrol) ve 3 tekerrOrlO olarak kurulan denemede 

4x4=16 omca bir parsel olarak kabul edilmi§>tir. 

ilaglama, erginlerin ilk zararlannjn goruldugu, gigek tomurcuklannm 

aynldlgl, gigeklenme ba§>langlcl doneminde 1.5.1985 tarihinde adi 

ba§>langlgll Slrt pOlverizatoru ile kaplama §>eklinde yaplfml§>tlr. 

ilaglamadan 7 gun sonra her parselin ortasmda yer alan 2x2=4 

omcanm tag izdO§>OmOndeki alana dO§>en 010 ve paralize olmu§> erginler 

sayllml§>; salklmlar, danelerin bezelye buyuklOgOnO aldlgl donemde 

Strophomorphus ctenotus'tan ileri gelen zarar oranlan (%) 

yonOnden de degerlendirilmi§itir. 6te yandan araziden getirilen erginler 

ile laboratuvarda tesadOf parselferi desenine gore 5 karakter ve 3 tekerrOrlu 

olarak kuru Ian bir denemeyle, ilaglann Strophomorphus 

ctenotus erginlerine toksik etki oranlan bUlunmu§>tur. 

Bu gall§>ma He elde edilen sonuglara gore gerek Decis (%0.04) ve 

gerekse Imperator (%0.02) ve Sumicidin {%0.075)'in, kar§>lla§itlrma ilaci 

Nuvacron 40 SC (monocrotophos) kadar etkili olamadlklan ve baglarda 

Strophomorphus ctenotus sava§>lnda kullanllamayacaklan kanaatine 

vanlml§>tlr. 

• MGcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitGsu-ADANA 

76

were applied by the appearance of adult damage, in synchronization 

with just before the blossom (early May). The insecticides in EM, EC 

and WP formulations were sprayed by a knapsack sprayer, and the 

chemicals in dust formulation were applied by a knapsack duster. 

Twenty clusters, taken from 4 vines that centered at each plot, 

were examined for damage ratio (%) of the pest. The results were evaluated 

by Abbott formula. 

Laboratory tests were based on to create a similar environment as 

a model that the pest found in the field. For that purpose, 3-5 treated 

grapevine shoots by EC, EM or WP insecticides were taken from the 

field, and placed into a plexiglass jar that dimensions of 20 cm diameter 

x29 cm high. The adults, collected from the field were put on the 

soil that placed at the bottom of the jar, as 20-30 adults/plot. Dust formulated 

insecticides tested by way of adults forced to walk on treated 

surfaces everyday, and then put into the jar, containing untreated 

shoots. During two weeks, adults were counted with 2 days intervals, 

and noticed as "dead", "alive" or "paralized". Paralized individuals were 

also accepted as dead. 

Considering the results both field and laboratory together, it was 

concluded that primarily azinphos-methyl 25 WP (0.2%) and monocrotophos 

40 EC (0.125%), and secondarily endosulfan 35 EC (0.15%) 

can be recommended for control of Strophomorphus ctenotus, 

and the other chemicals tested cannot be used fo this purpose. Furthermore 

it was observed that, the positive effect on decreasing the 

pest damage on clusters in case of keeping trunk sprouts, until the 

berries were as big as chick-pea, unlike the growers' habits . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara'!tlrma EnstitOsO . ADANA. 

75

dOzende, erginlerin ila

iQEL III BAGLARINDA ZARAR YAPAN 

MAYMUNCUKLARIN (STROPHOMORPHUS 

CTENOTUS DESBR. COL., CURCULIONIDAE) 

SAVA$INDA KULLANILASiLECEK iLA9LARIN 

ARA$TIRILMASI 

Abdurrahman viciT* 

Lerzan ERKILl9* 

i

GONEYDOGU ANADOLU BOLGESiNDE TUTUNDE 

$EFTALi YAPRAKBiTi (MYZUS (NECTAROS/PHON) 

PERS/CAE SULZ.)'NE KAR$I ONERiLEN 

iLACLARIN DU$URULEN DOZLARININ 

ZARARLlYA VE AVCI BOCEKLERE OLAN 

ETKiLERi 

M. Ali GOVEN· $aban KARAAP Cater MARP 

Diyarbaklr (Bismil-Tepe Bucagl),da tOtOnde $eftali Yaprakbiti 

(Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae Sulz.)'ne kar§1 onerilen ila

Denenen ilaglann 7. gun etkileri a§ag1daki gibidir: 

lIaem Tieari Etki Madde Adr Dekara Kullanma Etki Oram (%) 

Ad! ve Ozdesi Dozu Pre. 1983 1984 

Anthio-33 

Formathion, 33 

120 ml 

97.77 97.72 

IFolimat % 50 LC Omethoale,50 

100 ml 

96.35 94.82 

ICroneton 

Ethiofenearb, 50 80ml 

95.73 96.85 

IPirimor 

Pirimicarb, 50 

15 gr 

96.98 89.05 

! 

10 gr 

97.64 90.84 

ITamaron 50 LC Methomidophos, 50 80ml 

99.28 94.41 

100 ml 99.31 95.64 

I 

Denenen ilaglann yararhlara ilaglamadan 4 saat sonraki ani etkileri 

a§agldaki gibidir: 

i Haem Ticari Adl Elk! Oram (%) 

Heteroptera Neuroptera 

1963 1964 1963 1984 

Diptera 

1963 '1984 

Coleoptera 

1983 1984 

Anthion -33 

Croneton 

Folimat % 50 LC 

Pirimor (15 g.) 

Pirimor (lag.) 

, Tamaron 50 LC (80) 

! Tamaron 50 LC (100) 

87.74 92.93 82.08 92.33 

97.40 88.66 60.66 98.66 

90.25 94.33 96.87 90.00 

46.51 54.33 84.95 67.33 

48.19 79.66 84.20 71.00 

97.46 88.33 81.82 99.00 

98.79 79.66 98.08 94.66 

100 

100 

100 

89.86 

94.45 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

96.00 

100 

100 

Jl4.03 68.33 

51.72 80.66 

100 83.66 

60.55 24.66 

28.58 50.33 

98.33 94.66 

100 91.33 

Sonug olarak denenen ilaglann du§uk dozlan zararhya kar§1 yeterli 

etkiyi saglamr§lardrr. Yararhlara en du§Ok etki Primor ilacmda, en 

yOksek etki Tamaron ve Folimat ilaglannda gozlenmi§tir. 

84

SES INFLUENCES LES BAS DOSES DES 

PESTICIDES QUI CONSEILLENT A PUCERON 

VERT DU PECHER SUR LE TABAC (MYZUS 

(NECTAROSIPHON ) PERSfCAE SULZ.) CONTRE LE 

RAVAGEUR ET LES PREDATEURS DANS LA 

REGION DE SUD-EAST ANATOLIE 

M. Ali GOVEN* ~aban KARAAP Cater MART' 

En 1983, on a realise un essai afin de tester L'efficaite des bas 

doses des pesticides qui conseillent a puceron vert du pecher sur Ie 

tabac (Myzus (Nectarosiphonj persicae Sulz.) contre Ie ravageur 

et les predateurs a Diyarbaklr(Bismil-Tepe). Cet essai a popete en 

1984. 

L'essai a ete fait en Bloc de Fischer avec 8 carecteres et 3 

repetitions. Les parcelles comprenait 45 m2 (7x6.5 m). Le traitement a 

ete applique par pulverisation avec un appareil ados. 

Les comptages de ravageur ont ete fait sur les pucerons vivantes 

(Adultes + Nymphes) un Jour avant et 1.; 3.; 7.; 14.; jours apres Ie 

traitement pour chaque parcelle, on a choisi 20 plantes et a controle 

au dessous d'une feuilte a 6-8 cm de longeur qui se trouve au bout 

de chaque plantes. 

Les comptages des predateurs ont ete fait un jour avant, 4 heures 

et 3 jours apres Ie traitement. Pendant Ie comptage un jour avant. on 

a etudie piantes de chaque parcelle et a compte les individus vivantes 

sur les plantes. Le comptage 4 heurs apres a ete fait comme-

L'efficacite des produits experimentes a 7. jours comme ci-dessous: 

Specialite Le nom et concentra· Dases lIefficacite (%) 

commerciale _ . tion ~E! matiere active (Prep.ldaL___1983 .___198~_ 

Anthio·33 Formathion,33 120 ml 97.77 97.72 

Folimat % 50 LC Omethoate, 5_0__.... _----:10:'-::0_ml ..._ 96.3___ 94.82 ~ 

Croneton Ethiofencarb 50 80 ml 95.73 96.85 

Pirimor Pirimicarb,50 96.98 89.05 

L'efficacite des produits experimentes contre les predateurs apres 

4 heurs du traitement sont ci-dessous: 

IspeCialite 

. Commercia Ie 

l'elficacite (%) 

Heteroptera Neuroptera Diptera Coleoptera 

1983. 1984 1983 1984 1983 1984 1983 1984 

Anthion ·33 87.74 92.93 82.08 92.33 100 100 84.03 68.33 

Croneton 97.40 88.66 60.66 98.66 100 100 51.72 80.66 

Folimat % 50 LC 90.25 94.33 96.87 90.00 100 100 100 83.66 

: Pirimor (15 g.) 46.51 54.33 84.95 67.33 89.86 100 60.55 24.66 

Pirimor (lOg.) 48.19 79.66 84.20 71.00 94.45 96.00 28.58 50.33 

Tamaron 50 LC (80) 97.46 88.33 81.82 99.00 100 100 9833 94.66 

i Tamaron 50 LC (1 DO) 98.79 79.66 98.08 94.66 100 100 100 91.33 

En conclusion, les bas doses de les produits experimentes sont efficace 

contre Ie puceron vert du pecher. Contre les predateurs, Pirimor 

a montre Ie plus bas, Tamaron et Folimat a montre Ie plus haut efticacite. 

86

EGE BOLGESiNDE YAPRAK BiTi {MYZUS PERSICAE 

SULZER),NiN TOTONLERDE NEDEN OLDUGU 

ORON KAYIPLARININ SAPTANMASI OZERiNDE 

ON C;ALI~MALAR 

Niikhet AK BULUP 

10tOnde Y~rak Biti (Myzus persicae Sulzer)'nin neden oldugu 

Orar'! kaYlplaniiil tesbit etmek ve ekonomik zarar e~iQini bulmak amaci 

ile 1979-1984 Yilian araslnda izmir ilinin Bornova, Buca ve Kemalpa~a 

ilgelerinde denemeler yapllml~tlr. 

INVESTIGATION ON THE DETERMINATION OF 

CROP LOSSES WHICH CAUSES BY GREEN 

PEACH APHID (MYZUS PERSICAE SULZER) ON 

TOBACCO IN AEGEAN REGION 

Siiheyla ZOM'REOGLU' 

Niikhet AKBULUP 

In order to find out the economical threshold of the Green peach 

aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer.) on tobacco and to determine the 

crop losses from this pest, a serie of experiments were set up in Izmir 

(Bornova, Buca and Kemalpa~a) within the years of 1975~1984 . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO, Bornova IIZMIR. 

87

GONEYDOGU ANADOLU BOLGESiNDE ~EFIALi 

YAPRAKBiTi (MYZUS (NECTAROSIPHON)PERSICAE 

SULZ.)'NIN TOrONDE NEDEN OLDUGU ORON 

KAYIPLARININ SAPTANMASI OZERiNDE ON 

CALI~MALAR 

!aban KARAAT* M. Ali GOVEN" Cater MART" 

$eftali Yaprakbiti (JlAyzus (Nectaroslphon) perslcae Sulz.)'nin 

tOtOnde neden oldugu OrOn kaYlplannr ve ekonomik zarar e~igini belirlemek 

amaclyla, Diyarbak,r'da 1980 yllmda Silvan, 1982 ve 1984 

Yillarmda ise Bismil ilgelerinde gah~malar yOrOtOlmO~tOr. Qah~malarda 

zararhnm ge~itli populasyon dOzeyleri (5; 25±5; 50±5; 100±5; 150±5; 

200±5 ve ilagslz) ile OrOn kaybl arasmdaki ili~ki aranml~tlr. 

Qall~malar tesadOf bloklan deneme desenine gore, 1980 ve 1984 

Yillannda 3, 1982 Yllmda ise 4 tekerrOrlO olarak yOrOtOlmO~tOr. Parse! 

boyutlan 5x15 m (75 m2) olarak ahnml~tlr. Zararh saYlmlan, her parselden 

rastgele segilen 25 bitkinin 6-8 boyundaki birer ug yapragmdaki 

canll nimf ve ergin yaprakbitleri saYllarak; haftada bir kez olmak Ozere 

hasada dek sOrdOrOlmO~tOr. Hasattan once bitki boylan, yaprak boyut 

Ian ve yaprak saYllan da belirlenmi~tir. Her parselden toplanan OrOn 

ayn ayn kurutulmu~tur. Kurutulmu~ tOtonlerin nitelik ve nicelikleri, bolge 

ekici tOton piyasasl aglldlgmda belirlenmi~tir. Elde edilen veriler istatistiksel 

olarak incelenmi~tir. 

Bitki boylan, yaprak boyutlan, yaprak saYlsl Ve kuru aglrhk degerleri 

ile populasyon degerleri arasmda bir iIi~ki bulunamaml~tlr. Kurutulmu~ 

tOtOnlerin nitelik ve nicelik degerleri birlikte degerlendirilerek yap,lan 

analizlerde OrOn kaybl ile populasyon dOzeyleri arasmda bir ili~kinin var 

oldugu ve bagh olarak regresyon denklemi de y= -0.58 + 0.29 x ola: 

rak bulunmu(tur. Buna gore ekOnomik zarar e~igi 26; ekonomik e~ik 

ise 20 adet canh nimf ve ergin yaprakbiti olarak belirlenmi(tir . 

• Zirai Mucadele Ara§tlrma Enstitiisu-DIVARBAKIR. 

88

CROP LOSSES ON TOBACCO CAUSED BY 

GREEf\:J PEACH APHID MYZUS (NECTAROS/PHON) 

PERS/CAE SULZ.) IN SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA 

$aban KARAAT* M. Ali GCVEN* Cater MART* 

The studies were carried out in order to determine crop losses on 

tobacco caused by Green Peach aphid (Myzus (Nectarosiphon) 

persicae Sulz.) and economic damage level of this pest in 1980 (Silvan) 

and 1982-1984 (Bismil) in Diyarbaklr province. The relationship 

between population levels (5; 25±5; 50±5; 100±5; 150±5; 200±5 and 

untreated) with crop losses were investigated,too. The plot size was 

75 m2 (5x15 m) and the plot design was randomized complete block 

with three replictions in 1980; 1984 and four replications in 1982. 

Pest counts were made on 25 plants and one leaf was observed 

on each plant. Total length, size of leaves were measured and leaves 

quantities were recorded before the harvest. All the crops of each plot 

were dried separately. The qualities and quantities of dried tobacco 

were recorded during marketing. The relationship between population 

levels and the obtained data were analysed statistically. 

The economic damage level and economic threshold was determined 

as 26 and 20 alive total nimphes and adults per leaf. Regration 

equation was= -0.58 + 0.29 x. In addition to these studies, the relation 

between population level with dry weight, total length, size of leaves 

and leaves quantities were investigated but any relation could be 

found. 

* Zirai Mucadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsu, Diyarbaklr I TURKEY. 

89

EGE SOLGESi TOTONLERiNDE KESICI KURT 

(AGROTIS IPSILON (HUFN.) ve A.SEGETUM 

(SCHIFF.) LARVALARINA KAR$I iLAC; DENEMESi 

Nlikhel AKBULUT* 

Sliheyla ZOMREOGLU' 

TUtonde Kesicikurt'a kar§1 Ethoprophos 10 G'nin biyolojik etkisini 

saptamak amaci ile izmir-Tire (Doyuranll) ve Kemalpa§a Halilbeyli)'de 

Slrasl ile 22.5.1984 ve 29.5.1984 tarihlerinde birer deneme agllml§tlr. 

Chlorpyrifos 25 WP mukayese ilaci olarak kullanllml§tlr. Deneme 

tesadUf bloklan deneme desenine gore 5 karakter (Ethoprophos'un 3 

farkll dozu + Chlorpyrifos 25 WP + Kontrol) ve 4 tekrarll olarak 

yUrUtolmO§tOr. SaYlmlara ilaglamadan 2 gUn sonra ba§lanml§, haftada 

iki kez olmak Uzere kontrol parsellerde kesim duruncaya dek devam 

edilmi§tir. SaYlmlarda kesik bitki saYllml§ ve degerlendirmede Abbott 

formUIU kullanllml§tlr. 

Kemalpa§a (Halilbeyli)'da agllan denemeden elde edilen sonuglara 

gore, Ethoprophos'un 200, 400, 600 gr a.m/da dozlan, ilaglamadan 6 

ve 13 gUn sonra SlraSI ile ortalama olarak %47.32, 64.82, 71.59 ile 

%50.02, 64.65, 70.95 etki gostermi§lerdir. Tire (Doyuranll)'da ise bu etkiler 

ilaglamadan 6 gUn sonra slrasl ile ortalama olarak %50.67, 57.57, 

63.34 olarak bulunmu§tur. Bu etkiler mukayese iiaci olarak alrnan 

Chlorpyrifos 25 WP jle kar§lla§tmldlgrnda, (Kemalpa§a'da 6. gUm) 

%87.09 ve 13. gUnde %87.91 ve Tire'de %87.91) Ethoprophos 10 

G'nin tOtOnde Kesicikurt'a kar§1 onerilemiyecegi kantsrna vanlml§tlr. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO, Bornova I IZMIR. 

90

CHEMICAL TEST AGAINST CUTWORMS (AGROnS 

IPSILON (HUFN.) AND A.SEGETUM (SCHIFF.) ON 

TOBACCO IN AEGEAN REGION 

Nlikhet AKBULUT* 

Sliheylii ZUMREOGLU' 

. Chemical tests were carried out on tobacco against Cutworms in 

order to find out the biological activities of Ethoprophos 10 G. in Tire 

(Doyuranll) and Kemalpa§a (Halilbeyli) on 22.5.1984 and 29.5.1984 

respectively. Chlorpyrifos 25 WP was used as a comperative compound. 

The experiments were set up according to randomized block 

design with 5 characters (three differend dosages of Ethoprophos 10 

G + Chlorpyrifos 25 WP + Control) and 4 replications. Countings were 

done 2 days after the spraying and countinued twice in a week until 

the cutting were stopped by the larvae in the control plots. Cutted 

plants were counted and evaluation was done by Abbott formula. 

According to the results obtained from the test set up in Kemalpa§a, 

the effectivenes of the three different dosages of Ethoprophos 

10 G (200, 400, 600 gr. a.i.per decar), 6 and 13 days after the application 

were found as 47.32; 64.82; 71.59% and 50.02; 64.65; 

70.95% respectively. In Tire, they were 50.67; 57.57 and 63.34% 

after 6 days the applications respectively. When those effects are 

compared with the that of Chlorpyrifos 25 WP which they were 87.09 

(6th day) and 87.91% (13th day) in Kemalpa§a and 87.91% (6th day) 

in Tire, it is concluded that Ethoprophos 10 G can not recommended 

against Cutworms on tobacco. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO, Bortiova I IZMIR. 

91

EGE BOLGESi iKiNCi URUN EKiM 

ALANLARINDAKi SOYA VE SUSAIVIDA GORULEN 

HASTALlK, ZARARLI, YABANCIOTLAR VE 

BUNLARIN DOGAL DU~MANLARI UZERiNDE 

ARA~TIRMALAR 

5uheyla ZOMREOGLU* 

Nukhet AKBULUT* 

Ege B61gesinde ikinci OrOn olarak ekimi yapllan soya (Glycina 

max L.) ve susam (Sesamum indicum L.)'da bulunan zararillann tOr 

ve yogunluklanm saptamak amaci ile ele allnan bu c;ail~ma Aydin, izmir 

ve Manisa illerine ait ilc;elerde 1983-1985 Yilian araslnda yOrOtOlmO~tOr. 

Bu amac;la Aydin ve Manisa illerinin 7, izmir ilinin de 11 ilc;esinde 

sOrvey c;all~malan yapllml~tlr. SOrveyler fide, c;ic;eklenme ve olgunla~ma 

d6nemlerinde yOrOtOlmO~ ve bu d6nemlerde 6rnekleme yerlerine birer 

kez gidilmi~tir. SOrveylerde her 20 dekar bir 6rnekleme yeri olarak 

allnml~tlr. SaYlmlar yaprak ailnarak, tOm bitki kontrol edilerek ve atrap 

sallanarak yapllml~tlr. 

INVESTIGATIONS ON THE PESTS OF SOYBEAN 

AND SESAME AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES IN 

THE SECOND CROP PLANTATIONS IN AEGEAN 

REGION 

5uheyla ZOMREOGLU* 

Nukhet AKBULUT* 

Surveys have been carried out in order to find out the pest fauna 

and their population densities occuring on soybean (Glycina max 

L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in the second crop plantations 

in Aegean Region within the years of 1983-1985. For this purpose 

7 towns of Aydin and· Manisa and 11 towns of izmir have been 

checked ones during the soybeans and sesames were in seedling, 

blooming and maturing period. During the surveys, each 4,5 acre soybean 

and sesame growing aren has been accepted as a sampling 

unit. Countings were done by taking the leaves, checking the whole 

plants and sweeping. 

* Zirai MUcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitUsU, Bornova - IZMI R. 

92

EGE BOLGESiNDE TicARi AMACLA YETi$TiRiLEN 

SUS BiTKiLERiNDE GORULEN ZARARLILAR VE 

BUNLARLA SAVA$IM OLANAKLARININ 

SAPTANMASI OZERiNDE ARA$TIRMALAR 

SLiheyla ZOMREOGLU' Pervin ONDER' NLikhet AKBULUP 

izmir ve gevresinde ticari amagla yeti§tirilen sOS bitkilerinde gorOlen 

zararll ve faydall fauna ile bunlann bula§ma oranlannl saptamak 

amaclyla 1979-1980 ylllannda aglkta ve serada, 1981-1982 Yillannda 

da depolarda sOrvey gall§malan ve aynca ilag denemeleri yapllml§tlr. 

SOrveyler slrsmda kesmegigek, saks! gigekleri, agag ve aga9c1k formunda 

olmak Ozere 43 ge§it sOs bitkisi incelenmi§, toplam 54farkll 

b6cek ile bir akar tUrO tesbit edilmi§tir. Bu bOceklerden 52'si zararh. 3'0 

de yararh b6cekler olarak bulunmu§tur. 

Survey sonu91anna ve tarla gozlemlerine gore iki noktall klrmlzl 

orOmcek (Tetranychus urticae Koch.), Sogan akan (Rhizoplyphus 

echinopus Fum. et Rob.), Nergis sogan sinekleri, K090k nergis 

sogan sinegi (Eumerus strigatus Fa!.) ve BOyOk nergis sogan 

sinegi (Lampetia equestris Fab.). Kesicikurt (Agrotis segetum 

Schiff.), Ye§ilkurt (Heliothis armigera Hbn.), Pamuk yaprak kurdu 

(Spodoptera littoralis Boisd.; Chrysodeixis chalcites Esper), 

Dana burnu (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L.), Yaprak bitleri, Ko§nil, Kabuklu 

bit ve Unlubitler ile Salyangozlar sOs bitkilerinin onemli zararhlan 

olarak bulunmu§tur. Yararll bOcekler olarak gOlde Macrosiphum 

rosae igin Praon sp., Karanfilde Myzus persicae i9in Aphidius 

sp. ve Coccinella septempunctate L. tesbit edilmi§tir. 

ila9 denemeleri olarak, karanfilde iki noktah klrmlzl 6rOmcege kar§! 

a911an denemelerde Dicofol (%0.05), Chyexatin (%0.03) ve Dinobuton 

(%0.03)'dan iyi sonuglaralmml§tlr. ilaglamadan 1,14 gun sonra bu 

ila91ar SlraSI ile a§agldaki etkileri vermi§lerdiL Dicofol %83.43-97.85, 

Chyexatin %89.30-98.30 (1981 YIII) ve 1982 Yllmda ise Dicofol 

'%82.53-95.60, Chyexatin %98.58-95.83, Dinobuton %87.03-94.05. 

Gerberada Beyazsinege kar§1 a911an denemede de ila91amadan 6 

ve 10 gOn sonra slrasl ile Primiphos methyl %0.075 (%91.23-83.90), 

Cypermethrin %0,075 (%86.5-80.90) ve Quinalphos %0.05 (%86.14 

81.10) ilaglanndan olumlu sonuglar elde edilmi§tir. 

93

Glayolde Sogan akanna kar!1 dikimden once ve dikimten sonra 

olmak Ozere hirer deneme ·agllml!tlr. Dikimden once bula!lk glayol 

soganlanm su + ilag kan!lmma bandlrmak sureti ile yapllan denemede, 

ilaglamadan 1-7 gOn sonra SlraSI ile Dicofol (%0.05)'dan 1983 Yllmda 

%81.15-80.35, 1984 Yllinda ise Dimethoate (%0.06)'dan %84.72 

82.09, Oxy-Demeton methyl (%0.025)'den %86.71-84.27, Tetradifon 

(%0.015),dan %81.93-81.25, Dicofol (%0.04)'dan %84.73-82.22 iyi 

sonuglar almml!tlr. 

Glayolde Sogan akan ve nergisde BOyOk nergis sogan sinegine 

kar!1 dikimden once, sistemetik ilaglarla (Carbofuran 200 g.a.m/da, 

Diazinon .200 9 a.m/da ve Oxamyl 300' 9 a.m/da) toprak ilaglamasl 

!eklinde birer deneme agllml!tlr. Heriki denemede de ilaglardan yetersiz 

sonuglar ahnml!tlr. 

Nergisde KOgOk nergis sogan sinegine kar!l, bula!lk soganlan 43 

44°C de 2,5 ve 44-45°C de 2 saat sOrelerde slcak suda tutmak suretiyle 

birer deneme agllml!tlr. Bu sOrelerin sonunda saYlmlar yapllml!tlr. 

SaYlmlar sonunda tom nergis sogan sinegi larvalan ile birlikte sogan 

akan ve nematodlann da oldOkleri tesbit edilmi;;tir. Sicak suyun 

soganlar Ozerinde herhangi bir fitotoksik etkisi gorOlmemi;;tir. Sonug 

olarak, slcak su dene'mesinin en etkili yontemlerden biri oldugu 

kanlsma Vanlml!tlr. Ancak, bu yontemin uygulanabilmesi igin, suyu belirli 

slcakhk ve sOrede tutabilecek bir alete kesinlikle ihtiyag oldugu 

gorQ;;One vanlml;;tlr. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO, Bornova / IZMIR. 

94

INVESTIGATIONS ON THE PESTS AND CONTROL 

MEASURES OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS 

CULTIVATED COMMERCIALLY IN AEGEAN 

REGION 

Sliheyla ZUMREOGLU' Pervin ONDER' Nlikhet AKBULUT* 

Surveys have been done in order to find out destructive and useful 

insect fauna, their presence ratios and chemical control on ornamental 

plants grown commercially in both greenhouses and fields if') Izmir in 

1979-1980 and in store houses in 1981-1982. Du ring the surveys 43 

kinds of trees, shrubs and ornamental plants were examined and 54 

different insects and one Acarina specimen have been found. Out of 

52 of total were determined as destructive and the others as useful insects. 

According to the field observations and their population densities 

two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch., Bulb mite Rhizoglyphus 

echinopus Fum et Rob., Narcissus bulb flies small narcissus 

fly Eumerus strigatus Fal. and large nargissus fly Lampetia 

equestris (Fab.). Cutworm Agrotis segetum (Schiff.). Bollworm 

Heliothis armigera Hbn., Cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis 

Boisd; Chrysodeixis chalcites Esper, European mole cricket Gryllotalpa 

gryllotalpa L., Aphids, Coccids, Scale insects, Mealybugs 

and Molluscs have been recorded as the most important ornamental 

plants pests. Praon sp. on Macrosiphum rosae on rose, Aphidius 

sp. on Myzus persicae on carnation and Coccinella septempunctata 

have been found as useful insects. 

In the chemical tests, carried out on carnation against two spotted 

spider mite Dicofol (0,05%), Chyexatin (0.03%) and dinobuton (0.03%) 

gave good results. The effectiveness of those compounds 1-14 days 

after the application were found as below. Dicofol 83.43-97.85%, 

Chyexatin 89.30-98.30% in 1981·and Dicofol 82.53-95.60%, Chyexatin 

98.58-95.83% and Dinobuton 87.03-94.05 in 1982 respectively. 

95

On the other chemical experiment conducted against White fly on 

gerbera. satisfactory results were obtained with Primiphos methyl 

0.075% (91.23-83.90%), Cypermethrin 0.0075 (86.58-80.89%) and 

Quinalphos (0.05%) (86.14-81.10%) 6 and 10 days after the application. 

Two chemical experiments were set up on gladiolus bulbs against 

bulb mites before and after the planting. In the test done before planting 

by diping the bulbs into the water and chemical mixture Dicofol 

(0.05%) 81.15-80.35% in 1983 and Dimethoate (0.06%) 84.72 

82.09%, Oxy-Demeton methyl (0.025%) 86.71-84.27%, Tetradifon 

(0.015%) 81.93-81.25%, Dicofol (0.04%) 84.73-82.22% in 1984 gave 

good results 1 and 7 days after the application respectively. 

An other test was carried out on gladiolus' and narcissus bulbs 

against bulb mites and large narcissus flies after planting by soil application 

using sistemic granule insecticides (Carbofuran 200 gr. a.i.per 

decar, Diazinon 200 gr a.i. per decar Oxamyl 300 gr a.i. per decar). 

The results were found unsufficiently. 

Hot-water treatment was made against small narcissus flies. Infested 

bulbs were immerged into hot-water bath at 43-44°C for 2 1/2 and 

44-45°C for 2 hours. Countings were done at the end of those periods: 

It is showed that all the larvae of narcissus flies and the others 

such as bulbmites and celworms were killed. There was no any phytotoxic 

effects of hot-water treatment on the bulbs. The result has been 

found that one of the most effective methods of controlling this insect. 

However it is concluded that there is a need a good equipment which 

can held the water at a constant temperature for a certain period of 

time. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstiWsO, Bornova - IZMIR 

9.:;

MARMARA BOLGESiNDE DEPOLANMI$ AYC;iC;EGi 

TOHUMLUKLARINDAKi ZARARLILARIN TESBiTi 

Guier iLALAN* 

1985 Yllmda Bursa, Sakarya, Kocaeli, Tekirdag, Klrklareli ve Edirne 

illerindeki Trakya Birlik'e ait 24 adet a(ffkta silo, 13 adet kapall ve 2 

adet yag fabrikasl; aynca, 16 adet §ahlslara ait yag fabrikalan depolanndan 

ve 2 adet kapall D.O.

DETERMINATION OF THE PESTS IN STORED 

SUNFLOWER SEEDS IN THE MARMARA REGION 

GUIer iLALAN' 

Studies were conducted in Bursa, Sakarya, Kocaeli, Tekirdag, 

Klrklareli and Edirne Provinces in 1985. The samples were collected 

from 23 open bulk storages and 33 floor storoges in April and 30 

open bulk storages, 56 floor storage in April. The determined pest 

species were as follows., Fig moth (Ephestia cautel/a Walkr.). Raisin 

moth (Ephestia figuilella Greg.). Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella 

Hbn.), Flour bettie (Tribolium spp.). The saw-toothed 

grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis L.); The flat grain beetle 

(Laemophleous spp.); The foreign grain bettie (Ahasverus advena 

Walt!.) Hairy fungus beetle (Thyplaea stercorea L.); The slenderhorned 

floor beetle (Gnathocerus maxii/ousus Fab.); The 

dried-fruit beetle (Carpophilus spp.), (Corticaria pubescens, 

Gyll.,). The granary weevil (Sitophilus spp.); Lathridiid beetle (Enicmus 

minutes L.); Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter.) The last species 

was a new record in the Marmara Region. 

• Trakya Tanmsal Ara§tlrma EnstitOsli, EolRNE 

98

E. SUBTROPiKAL BiTKi 

ZARARLILARI 

SUBTROPICAL PLANT PESTS

GAziANTEP III ANTEPFISTIKLARINDA YAYGIN 

OLAN KABUKLU BiT VE KO~NiL TORLERiNiN 

BiYOLOJiLERi, DOGAL DO~MANLARI VE KI~ 

iLACLAMALARININ BAZI ONEMLi ZARARLILARA 

OLAN ETKiLERi OZERiNDE ARA~TIRMALAR 

M. Ya!ilar

Flstlk torball ko§nilinin kl§1 I. ve II. donem larva durumunda ge~irdigi, 

Haziran ayl ba§mda yumurtall ergin durumda bulundugu, Haziran ortalanndan 

sonrada ilk aktif larvalann gorOldOgO, larvalann genellikle yapraklara, 

daha az oranda da sOrgOnlere yerle§tikleri ve kl§a girmezden 

once sOrgOnlere gog ederek buradan kl§ladlklan saptanml§tlr. Yllda bir 

dol vermektedir. 

Ko§nil ve kabuklu bit tOrlerinden 18 tOr parazit elde edilmi§tir. Bunlardan 

bir klsmmm te§hisleri, Coccophagus scutellaris (Dal'rn.), 

Pachyneuron conculur (Forst.), Tetrastichus sp., Microcterys 

linatus (Dalm.). Encyrtus suctellata (Swed.) ve Metaphychus 

dispar (Mercet) olarak yapllml§tlr. 

Flstlk torball ko§nili ve flstlk beyaz kabuklu bitinin yogun oldugu 

bahgelerde yapllan darbe metodu jle Chiloeorus bipustulatus L., 

Coccine/la conglobata L., Hyperaspis reppersis Reuter, 

Exochomus quadrimaculatus L., Coccinella septempunctata 

L., Scymnus Spp., Anisochrysa carnea Steph., Anthocoris 

minki Dohrn. ve Orius (Heterorius)horvathi Reut. predatorleri 

yogun olara!< saptanml§tlL 

KI§ aylannda denemeye alman ilaglardan Vinterva§, Dinopron, 

Opron ve Gebutox ilaglan Antep'flstlklannda kabuklu bitlere ve diger 

onemli zarariliann bazllanna etkili olarak bulunmu§lardlr. 

INVESTIGATIONS ON THE BIOLOGY AND 

. NATURAL ENEMIES OF COMMON SCALE 

INSECTS, AND EFFECTIVENESS OF WINTER 

SPRAYS ON SOME IMPORTANT PESTS OF' 

PISTACHIO TREES (PISTACHIA VERA L.) IN 

GAZiANTEP PROVINCE 

M. Ya~ar CELiK* 

Studies were carried out to determine the biology and natural enemies 

of common scale insects of pistachio trees, and whether it is possible 

or not to control them and other pistachio pests by winter sprays, 

in Gaziantep province during the years of 1976-1983. 

Common scales of pistachio trees, found in Gaziantep province 

were identified as Suturaspis (Salisicola) pistaciae Lindinger, 

Pistaciaspis (Lepidosaphes) pistaciae Arch. Eulecanium ru 

102

gulosum Ash., and Anapulvinaria pistaciae Boden. During the 

field studies, biological characteristics of the scales were found as follows: 

. 

Suturaspis pistaciae overwinters in adult stage. The adults and 

larvae of the scale are found on the leaves and fruit shoots in the 

summer, and found on the shoots in winter period. The larvae of the 

scale found on the leaves complete their Me-cycles faster than found 

on shoots, and complete two generations in a year. 

Pistaciaspis pistaciae overwinters in adult stage and gives two 

generations in a year. The scale prefers young and healthy shoots, 

and feeds on petiols and under surfaces of the leaves. The scale is 

not common in the region. 

Eulecanium rugulosum overwinters in 1 st and 2nd stage of larvae. 

The adults, eggs and active larvae of the scale are seen by mid 

April, early-May, and late-may, respectively. The larvae locate and 

feed on the shoots. The scale gives one generation in a year. 

Also, Anapulvinaria pistaciae overwinters in 1st and 2nd larval 

stage. Adults and eggs of Anapulvinaria pistaciae are seen by 

early-June, and then the first activ larvae are seen after mid-June. The 

larvae are located at the leaves generally, but found on the soohts, 

rearly. At the end of the season, the larvae migrate to the shoots and 

overwinter there. Anapulvinaria pistaciae gives one generation in 

a year. 

Eighteen parasite species were reared from the scales. Some of 

the parasites were identified as Coccophagus scutellaris (Dalm.), 

Pachyneuron conculur (Forst.), Tetrastichus sp., Microcterys 

linatus (Dalm.), Encyrtus suctellata (Swed.) and Metaphychus 

dispar (Mercet). 

The predatory species, such as Chiloeorus bipustulatus L., 

Coccinella conglobata L., Hyperaspis reppersis Reuter, 

Exochomus quadrimaculatus L., Coccinella septempunctata 

L., Scymnus Spp., Anisochrysa carnea Steph., Anthocoris 

minki Dohrn. and Orius (Heterorius)horvathi Reut. were collected 

by striking technique from the orchards where Suturaspis pistaciae 

and Anapulvinaria pistaciae were in high populations. 

It was found the satisfactory effectiveness of the chemicals, "Vinterva;;", 

"Dinopron". "Opron", and "Gebutox" to control of the scales, and 

some other pests of pistachio trees . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma Enstit~s(). ADANA. 

103

GONEYDOGU ANADOLU 80LGESiNDE ANTEP 

FISTIKLARINDA ZARAR YAPAN FISTIK GOZ 

KURDU (THAUMA) TOPOEA SOLITARIA FREYER,LEP.; 

THAUMATOPOIDAE),NA KAR$I iLAC DENEMESi 

Sami MA9AN* 

$anllurfa (Birecik)'da Flstlk Goz Kurdu (Thaumatopoea solita ria 

Freyer, Lap.; Thaumatopoidae),na kar§1 Diflubenzuron (Dimilin 25 

WP)'nun 5 ve 2.5 g/hl ve kar§lla§tlrma iiaci olarak alman Phosalone 

(Zolone R)'nin 70 g/hl dozlan denenmi§tir. 

Deneme tesadOf bloklan deneme desenine gore 4 karakter ve 4 tekerrOrlO 

olarak kurulmu§tur. ilaglama 16 I'lik tazyikli Sirt pOlverizatorO ile 

11.4.1985 gOnO sOrgOnler 3-4 yaprakll, zararll geng larva doneminde 

iken yapilml§tlr. 

SaYlm ilaglamadan bir hafta sonra agag Ozerinde veya dibinde, toprak 

ve ta§lar altmda bulunan larva gruplannda canl! larvalar kaydedilerek 

yapllml§tlr. 

ilaglann etki yOzdeleri canl! larvalar Ozerinden yOzdesiz Abbott 

formOIOne gore hesaplanml§tlr. 

tOm ilaglar Flstlk goz kurdu'na kar§1 %100 etki saglaml§tlr. Buna 

gore soz konusu zararllya kar§1 Difluben zuronun 2,5 g/hl dozunun 

onerilmesinin uygun olacagl kanlsma vanlml§tlr. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO - DIYARBAKIR. 

104

CHEMICAL EXPERIMENTS AGAINST 

(THAUMATOPOEA SOLITA RIA FREYER,LEP.; 

THAUMATOPOiOAE) ON PISTACHIO "'TREES IN 

SOUTH-EAST ANATOLIAN REGION 

Giil~Em MACAN" Sami MACAW 

Diflubenzuron (Dimilin 25 JP) at the rate of 2,5 and 5 gthl as a test 

chemical and Phosalone (Zolone) at the rate of 60 gthl as a control 

chemical were used against Thaumetapoea solitarla Freyer. On 

Pistachio trees at $anllurfa provinces in 1985. 

Randomized block design with 4 characters and 4 replication were 

used. The application was made on 11.4.1985, when the shoots have 

2 or 3 leaves and the larvae are in young stage. 

The counting was made 1 week after the application and alive larvae 

were noticed. Abbott formula was used in orer to evaluate the effectiveness 

of the chemicals. 

As a result obtained all of the chemicals used in the trial gave effectiveness 

of 100%. So Diflubenzuron (Dimilin 25 WP) at the rate of 

2,5 gthl can be recomended against Thaumatopoea solitaria 

Frey. 

* Zirai MUcadele Ara§lIrma EnslitosO· oIVARBAKIR. 

105

ANTEPFISTIKLARINDA ZARARLI $IRALI ZENK 

(IDIOCERUS STALl FIEB.),iN ERKEN UYARI 

OLANAKLARI OZERiNDE CALI$MALAR 

M. Ya~ar «ELiK* 

$Irall zenk (Idiocerus stali Fieb.) kl§illk ergin populasyonlan ile 

bunlann blraktlgl yumurtalar ve yumurtalardan olu§iacak nimf populasyonlan 

arasrndaki ili§ikileri ara§itlrmak amaci ile bu

STUDIES ON EARLY WARNING POSSIBILITIES ON 

CONTROL OF (/DIOCERUS STAll FIEB.), 

INJURIOUS ON PISTACHIO TREES 

M. Ya~ar

AKDENiz BOLGESi ZEYTiNLiKLERiNDE ZARAR 

YAPAN ZEYTiN GOVESi (PRAYS OLEAE BERN.)'NE 

KAR$I iLAC DENEIVIESi 

M. Ya§ar QELiK* 

Ruhsat amaci ile. Dimecron 50 sew ve Nuvacron 40 sew Zeytin 

gOvesi (Prays o/eae)'nin meyve dolOne kar§1 denemeye ahnml§tlr. 

Denemeye Lebaycid 50 kar§lla§tlrma ilaci olarak dahil edilmi§tir. 

Deneme, tesadOf bloklan deneme deseriine gore 4 karakter (3 ilag 

+ 1 kontrol) ve 4 tekerrOrlO olarak dOzenlenmi§tir. ilaglama MKE yapisl 

motorlu pOlverizator ile 25.6.1985 tarihinde $enkoy (Hatay 

YayladagO'de yapllml§tlr. 

Saylm, ilaglamadan 7 gOn sonra 2.7.1985 tarihinde parsellerden 

tesadOfi olarak allnan 250'§er adet zeytin meyvelerinin igi bOyOteg 

altmda keskin ignelerle kontrol edilerek yaplldl. Bu kontrolda zeytin 

gOvesi tlrtillannm 010 ve canll saYllan 25 oluncaya kadar saylma devam 

edildi. 

SaYlm sonuglan, canll tlrtll saYllan Ozerinden Abbott'la 

degerlendirildi. Sonuglara istatistiki analiz uygulandl. 

Sonug olarak, ruhsat amaci ile denenen Dimecron 50 sew ve Nuvacron 

40 sew ilaglan Lebaycid (Kar§lla§tlrma ilacl) seviyesinde etki 

vererek zeytin gOvesinin meyve dolO tlrtilianna kar§1 kullanllabilecekleri 

kanlsma vanldl. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO . ADANA. 

108

CHEMICAL TRIAL AGAINST TO OLIVE MOTH, 

(PRAYS OLEAE BERN.) IN MEDITERRANEAN 

REGION OF TURKEY 

M. Ya!far C;ELiK' 

"Dimecron 50 SCW" (a preparation of phosphamidon), and "Nuvacron 

40 SCW" (a prepation of monocrotophos) were tested on carpoghagous 

generation larvae of olive moth, (Prays o/eae 8ern.) for registration. 

"Lebaycid 50" (fenthion) was taken place as a standart 

product in the ·experiment. 

The experiment was set up according to randomized block design 

with 4 characters (three treated and one untreated) and 4 repetetions. 

The chemicals were applied at June 25, 1985, in Yayladagl-$enkoy 

locality of Hatay province. 

Counting was done on the fruits after 7 days of the application. For 

that purpose 250 fruits/plot were taken randomly, and the fruits were 

examined for dead and alive larvae. The examination was ended 

when 25 dead+alive larvae were recorded for every one of the plots. 

The efficacy of the chemicals were calculated considering the alive larvae 

by Abbott formula. 

As a result of the study, it was concluded that Dimecron and Nuvacron 

can be recommended to control of the carpophagousgeneration 

of olive moth as the standart product, lebaycid. 

• Zirai Mucadele Ara§tlrma EnstitusO ADANA. 

109

TURUN

MASS PRODUCTION OF SYMPHEROBfUS FALLAX 

(=AMICUS=SANCTUS) NAVAS (NEU.: 

HEMEROBIIDAE) THE NATURAL ENEMY OF 

CITRUS MEALYBUG (PLANOeOeeUs efTRI 

(RiSSO) (HOM.: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) AND 

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE 

DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF THIS 

PREDATOR IN THE ANTALYA PROVINCE 

CONDITIONS 

Naci TURKYILMAZ' 

ismail ALP' 

The production of Sympherobius failax Navas (Neu.: Hemerobiidae) 

which is the natural enemy of citrus mealybug (Planococcus 

citrl (Risso) (Hom.: Pseudococcidae) was done in the production 

room. In this room, light intensity was adjusted to 30xO. exposure 

value and temperature was 25±1 "'C. The culture cages (55x45x35 

cm) were used for the production. 

The citrus mealybug which were produced on potatoes were used 

as host during the experiment. 20, 30 ve 40 Sympherobius fal/ax 

were released into per cages respectively. The experiment was carried 

out as three characters and five replications. 

It was found that the most economic production is by releasing 40 

Sympherobius fal/ax for per cages. In this production method; an 

average of 1282 Sympherobius fal/ax for per cages were produced. 

Six Washington Navel orange plantation plots at same character 

were taken in order to determine the effectiveness of Sympherobius 

fal/ax on citrus mealybug population. 30 Sympherobius faJ/ax for 

per tree were released into the three plots and other three polts remained 

as control. 

Periodical counting of Sympherobius fal/ax and citrus mealybug 

were done in the treated and control plots. After these countings, it is 

found that population of mealybug increased from mid june to mid july 

and after that time began to decrease. There wasn't any difference in 

the population of Sympherobius fal/ax between treatments and control 

plots. 

, Narenciye Ara§tlrma EnstltUsO ANTALYA. 

111

DIMILIN 25 WP PREPARATININ YUMURTA 

PARAZiTi TRICHOGRAMMA EMBRYOPHAGUM 

(HARTIG) (HYM. TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE),A KAR~I 

ETKiLERi OZERiNDE ON ARA~TIRMALAR 

Erol V AL91N* 

Siindiis UZUN* 

Dimilin 25 WP (Diflubenzuron)'nin, kontroliO ko§ularda, Trichogramma 

embryophagum (Hartig)'un biyolojik aktivitesine etkisi 

ara§tlnlml§tlr. Konuk

DIIVIILlN 25 WP iLACININ LABORATUVARDA 

PARAZiT VE PREDATORLERE ETKisiNiN 

SAPTANMASI 

T. Mete ERGODEN* Ahmet OZKAN* 

Dimilin 25 WP (%25 Diflubenzuron) ilacmln 100 I suya 40 9 preparat 

dozu; Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls., Leptomastix dactylopii 

How., Trichogramma evanescens Westw. Ctzerinde denenmi§tir. 

Denemelerde, Cryptolaemus montrouz;eri ergin ve larvafan; 

Leptomastix dactylopii pupa ve erginleri; Trichogramma evanescens 

ergin ve parazitfi yumurtalan kulfamfml§tlr. 

Ergin bireyler ilagfl satlhfarda 5, 10, 30 dakika bekletiferek ani 610m 

ofup olmadlgl g6zlenmi§tir. Deneme 5 tekerrOrlO ofarak yOrOtOlmO§ ve 

hertekerrCtrde 10 birey kullamfml§tlr. 

Cryptolaemus montrouz;eri larvalan, ilagh Planococcus citri 

(Risso) bireyleri ile beslenmi§tir. Deneme 5 tekerrOrlCt olarak kurulmu§, 

her tekernJrde 10 birey kullanllml§tlr. Ergin glkl§1 Ctzerinden 

degerfendirme yapllml§tlr. 

Leptomastix dactylopii pupafan ve Trichogramma evanescens 

ile parazitfi EphesUa sp. yumurtalan ilagfanarak ergin glkl§lan 

saptanml§tlr. Denemeler 5 tekerrOrlO olarak yOrOtOlmCt§ ve her tekerrOrde 

25 birey kullanllml§tlr. 

Her og test materyalinin erginleri Ozerinde ilacln 61dOrCtcCt etkisi 

gorCtlmemi§tir. ilagll Planococcus citri ile beslenen Cryptolaemus 

montrouzieri larvalanndan %80 oranmda yeni erginler elde edilmi§tir. 

$ahitlerde bu oran %90 olmu§tur. 

ilagll Leptomastix dactylopii pupalanndan %72.7 ergin elde 

edilmi§, bu oran §ahitlerde %80.4 olmu§tur. 

Trichogramma evanescens'de glkl§ oranl %56 olmasma kar§l, 

§ahitlerde %58 glkl§ meydana gelmi§tir. 

Sonug olarak, ilacm s6z konusu faydalilar Ozerinde selektif bir koruyucu 

ozelliQi oldugu kamsma vanlml§tlr. 

* Narenciye Ara§tlrma EnstitosO - ANTALYA 

113

THE INFLUENCE OF DIMILIN 25 WP TO 

PARASITES AND PREDATORS IN LABORATORY 

CONDITIONS 

T. Mete ERGOOEN' Ahmet OZKAN' 

Dimilin 25 WP (25% Diflubenzuron) at the dose of 40 gr. chemical! 

100 It water is tested on Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls, Leptomastix 

dactylopii How., and Trichogramma evanescens 

Westw. 

For the experiments the adults and larva of Cryptolaemus 

montrouzieri; the pupa and adults of Leptomastix dactylopii; 

the adults of Trichogramma evanescens and the eggs of Anagasta 

sp. that are parasities by Trichogramma evanescens are 

used. 

The adult insects and kept on treated surfaces of 5, 10 and 30 minutes 

to see if any sudden death will appear or not. 5 repetitions are 

used for the experiments. 10 insects are used for each repetition. 

The larva of Cryptolaemu5 montrouzieri are reared by treated 

Planococcus citri. 5 repetitions and 10 insects for each repetition 

are used for the experiments. The evaluations are made according to 

the emergence of the adults. 

The pupa of Leptomastix dactylopii and the eggs of Ephestia 

sp. that were parasitised by Trichogramma evanescens are 

treated with the chemical and the emergence of the adults are observed. 

The experiments are repeated 5 times. 25 insects are used for 

each repetition. 

The chemical had no mortal effect on each of the 3 tested materials. 

New adults are obtained at the rate of 80% from Cryptolaemus 

montrouzieri larva that were fed by treated Planococcus citri. 

This rate was 90% for the control group. 72.7% adults are obtained 

from the treated pupa of Leptomastix dactylopii. This rate was 

80.4% for the control group. 

The emergence rate of Trichogramma evanescens was 56% 

whereas the rate of the control group was 58%. 

As a result it is concluded that this chemical has selective and protecting 

effect on the above mentioned useful insects. 

• Narenciye Ara~tlrma EnstiUisu 

ANTALYA 

114

Bu

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON DETERMINATION OF 

NATURAL ENEMIES OF CITRUS WHITELY 

(DfALEURODES CfTRI ASHM.) (HOM.: 

ALEURODiDAE) IN ANTALYA PROVINCE AND 

ATTEMPTS TO INTRODUCE ASCHERSONfA 

ALEYRODfS WEBB. INTO THE REGION 

Ergun KE9ECioGLU' Emine TUNCER** HLilya DAMDERE** 

Naci TORKYILMAZ" 

Fahri KUMA!" 

Mehmet KAPLAN*' 

Mustafa GOLLO*** 

This study has been carried out during 1979-1984 in order to find 

out the natural enemies of citrus whetefly (Dialeurodes citri Ashm.) 

and investigate biological control possibilities against this pest in Antalya 

region. 

As a result of the studies Chrysoperla carnea Steph., Clitostethus 

arcuatus Rossi and 2 species from the family Coniopterigidae 

have been found out as predator species of Dia/eurodes citri, 

but no parasites were found out. 

Aschersonia aleyrodis Webb. an entomopathogenic fungus of 

Dialeurodes citri which is find naturally at North-east Blacksea region 

of Turkey has been cultured in the laboratory on PMA (Pepton, 

Malt extract, AGar) and applied to some citrus orchards at Kemer and 

Alanya. The indroduction attempts of the fungus has been more successful 

at Kemer county according to Alanya. 

Karadeniz Tanmsal Ara§tlrma EnstitOsu SAMSUN. 

Narenciye Ara§tlrma EnstitUsu ANTALYA. 

Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstiWsu ADANA. 

116

F. AMBAR ZARARLILARI 

STORAGE PESTS

iZMiR ILiNDE AMBARLANMI$ URUNLERDE 

BULUNAN AKARLAR OZERiNDE ON QAU$MALAR 

Handan GE~:e;' 

A. ihsan CZAR' 

1983-1985 Yillannda izmir ilinin Merkez, bdemi§, Menemen, 8ergama 

ve Urla ilyelerinde hububat, un, kuru meyve, kuru baklagil ve kuru 

tOtOn depolanan 72 birimde orneklemeler yolu He depolanml§ OrOn 

akarlartnm bula~ma durumlan incelenmi~tir. Laboratuvara getirilen ve 

kOltOre alman degi~ik konuk

KARADENiz BOLGESiNDE DEPOLANMI$ TAHIL 

(BUGDAY, ARPA ve piRiNC) VE CEL TiK 

FABRiKALARINDA BULUNAN ZARARLILARIN 

SAPTANMASI, YOGUNLUK VE YAYILI$LARI 

OZERiNDE ARA$TIRMALAR 

Guven KiPER' 

Ersan YASAN' 

Karadeniz Bolgesinde depolanml§ tahll ve geltik fabrikalannda bulunan 

zararli bbcek ve akarlann tUrlerini, yayill§larlnl ve yogunluklannl 

saptamak amaclyla 1983 Yllinda Samsun, Qorum ve Kastamonu, 1984 

Yllinda ise Amasya, Tokat ve Sinop illerinde Survey gali§malan 

yapilml§tlr. Her il bir birim kabul edilerek iii temsil edeeek §ekilde 

ilgelerden 250'§er gramilk depolanml§ bugday, arpa bulundugunda 

yulaf ve gavdar ornekleri ilkbahar sonu ve yaz ba§1 ve yaz sonu ve 

sonbahar ba§1 olmak Ozere iki devrede almdl. Samsun, Qorum, Kastamonu, 

Amasya ve Sinop illerindeki meveut geltik fabrikalannm 

yansmdan da aynl §ekilde geltik ve piring ornekleri alindl. Alman 

ornekler laboratuvarda elendi ve her 6rnekte bulunan tOrler saYlldl. 

Ornekler kavanozlarda bekletilerek her gOn glkan erginler saYllarak 

ailndl. 

Bula§lk bugday ve arpa orneklerinde bulunan zararll bOeek tOrleri 

Bugday biti (Sitophilus granarius L.), Testereli boeek (Oryzaephilus 

surinamensis L.), Klrma bitleri (Tribolium spp.), KugOk klrma 

bitleri (Laemophleous spp.), Ekin kara bOeegi (Tenebroides 

mauritanicus L.), Kuru meyve gOvesi (Plodia interpunctella 

Hbn.), Arpa gOvesi (Sitotroga cerea/ella Oliv.), Kitap bitleri (Liposoelis 

spp.) ve akarlardan Un akan (Acarus siro L.) ve Glycyphagus 

destructor Sehrank.'dan ibarettir. Bu tOrlerden Bugday biti, 

bugday ve arpada bOtOn illerde yogunlugu ortalama 24.22 (0-584) 

adet ile en yOksek Samsun'da, ikinci devrede ise 13.30 (0-207) adet 

ile Kastamonu'dadlr. Arpada ise gerek birinei ve gerekse ikinei devrede 

yogunlugu slraslyla ortalama 122.66 (1-1101) adetve 55.56 (0-498) 

adet ile en yOksek Kastamonu'dadlr. Bugday bitinden sonra 

yogunlugu en fazla ve yaygm olan tOr Testereli bOeektir. Kitap bitleri 

de yaygmdlr. Diger tOrler onemli degildir. Yulaf ve gavdar ornekleri 

temiz bUlunmu§tur. 

• Karadeniz Tanmsal Ara!}urma EnstitOsO· SAMSUN. 

120

Bula$lk ~eltik orneklerinde saptanan b6cek tUrleri Pirin~ biti (Sitophilus 

oryzae L.), Bugday biti, KO~Ok klrma bitleri, Klrma bitleri, Testereli 

bOcek, Arpa gOvesi, Kitap bitleridir. Zararll akarlardan Glycyphagus 

destructor ve Un akan da bulunmu$tur. Bunlar arasmda Pirin~ 

biti yaygm bir tOrdOr. Pirin~lerde ise yalnlz Pirin~ bitine rastlanml§ olup, 

dU$Ok yogunlukta ve yaygm degildir. 

Sonu

sis L.), flour beetles (Tribolium spp.), flat grain beetles (Laemoph 

Jeous spp.), cadelle beetle (Tenebroides mauritanicus L.), Indian 

meal moth (PJodia interpunctella Hbn.), Angoumois grain 

moth {Sitotroga cerealella_Oliv.) and book lice (Liposcelis spp.). 

Of harmful mites flour mite (Acarus siro L.) and Glycyphagus 

destructor Schrank. were found in the samples. Of these insect species, 

granary weevil was found at the highest density in wheat and 

barley samples taken from all tile provinces. It was at the highest dens:l.y 

in Samsun with an average of 24.22 (0-584) in wheat in the first 

period, while with an average of 13.30 (0-207) in Kastamonu in the 

second period. In case of barley, this species was at the highest density 

in Kastamonu in both first and second period with on average 

122.66 (1 1101) and 55.56 (0-498) respectively. Saw-toothed grain 

beetle ranked second. Book lice were common and the other species 

were found in small numbers and not common. Oat and rye samples 

were free from insects and mites. 

Following species were found in the infested paddy samples. Rice 

weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.), granary weevil, flat grain beetles, 

flour beetles, saw-toothed grain beetle, Angoumois grain moth, book 

lice, Glycyphagus destructor and flour mite. Among these species 

rice weevil was common. Rice weevil was the only speCies found in 

,rice samples. But it was at the lowest densit and not common. 

It is concluded from the results that granary weevil and sawtoothed 

grain beetle are the principal pests of stored wheat and barley 

in our region. Book lice are also common. Rice weevil is the only 

pest of stored paddy. But rice mills were not infested with this pest to 

a great extent. 

122

KARADENiz SOLGESi UN FABRiKALARI VE 

DEGiRMENLERDE BULUNAN ZARARLILAR 

OZERiNDE ON CALI$MALAR 

Ersan YASAN* 

Guven KiPER* 

1983 ve 1984 yillannda Samsun (18 fabrika, 2 degirmen), Amasya 

(9 fabrika, 1 degirmen), (forum (9 fabrika, 7 degirmen), Ordu (5 fabrika), 

Giresun (2 fabrika) ve Trabzon (5 fabrika) illerindeki un fabrika ve 

degirmenlerinde Mart, Haziran ve EylOI aylartnda gidilerek depolartndaki 

un c;:uv~llannm %5'inin degi§ik 3 yerinden 1/2 kg., vals, elek 

ve diger Onitelenn bulundugu klslmlardan un ve artlklanndan 1/2 kg. 

ornekler almlp ayrt ayn nayIon torbalara etiketleriyle birlikte konulmu§tur. 

Ayrtca i§ledikleri bugdaylardan Ylkanmaml§ olanlardan da 1/2 

kg. kadar ornekler almarak etiketleriyle birlikte naylon torbalara konulmu§tur. 

EnstitO laboratuvanna getirilen ornekler etiketleriyle birlikte ayn 

ayn cam kavanozlara konularak slk slk kontrol ve saYlmlan yapllml§tlr. 

2-2,5 ay kadar bekletilen orneklerde saYlmlar ince tel elekten 

gec;:irilerek yapllml§tlr. 

Mart, Haziran ve EylOI aylartnda alman orneklerin saylml sonunda 

fabrika ve degirmenlerin hepsinin bula§lk oldugu bulunmu§tur. Havalann 

soguk oldugu Mart aymda c;:uvallanml§ unlardan alman orneklerin 

c;:ok az saYlda bula§lk olmasma kar§m Haziran ve EylOI aylarmda bu 

saYllar artml§tlr. Fabrika ve degirmenlerin diger klslmlanndan all nan 

orneklerin hepsi degi§ik tor ve saYlda zararillaria bula§lk oldugu, 

ozellikle Haziran aymda bunun c;:ok fazla arttlgl gorOlmO§tor. 

Alman un ve un kalmtllan orneklerinde hakim zararll tOrOn Klrma bitleri 

(Tribolium spp.) oldugu ve bunu takiben de KOc;:Ok klrma bitleri 

(Laemophloeus spp.) ve Degirmen gOvesi (ephestia kOhniella 

Zell.)'nin geldigi saptanml§tIr. 

Diger zararillardan Siyah klrma biti (Tenebroides mauritanicus 

L.), Dermestes lardarius L. ve Testereli bocek (Oryzaephilus 

surinamensis L.)'in saYllart oldukc;:a yOksek bulunmu§tur. Ancak 

Gnathocerus cornutus Fab. tUrOnOn diger illere gore Ordu ve 

Trabzon illerinde fazla bulunmasl dikkati c;:eken husus olmu§tur. 

Nemeritis canescens Grav. ve Bracon hebator Say. gibi faydall 

tOrlere de rastlanml§tlr. 

Bugday orneklerinde ise Bugday biti (Sitophilus granarius L.) 

en c;:ok bulunan tOr olmu§tur. 

Allnan un ve bugday orneklerinde Melichares tarsalis (Berlese), 

Acarus siro L., Cheyletus eruditus Schrank., Glycyphagus 

destructor Schrank., Glycyphagus domesticus (De Geer), Gohieria 

fusca Ond. akar tOrleri ile Liposcelis spp. tOrleri bulunmu§tur. 

• Karadeniz Tarlmsal Ara§tlrma EnstiWsu - SAMSUN. 

123

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE PESTS FOUND 

IN FLOUR MILLS AND WHEAT GRINDING MILLS 

IN THE BLACK SEA REGION OF TURKEY 

Ersan YASAN* 

Giiven KipER' 

During 1983 and 1984 in three periods, namely in March, June and 

September flour and wheat samples were taken from flour mills and 

wheat grinding mills in Samsun (18 flour mills, 2 wheat grinding mills), 

Amasya (9 flour mills, 1 wheat grinding mills), «orum (9 flour mills, 7 

wheat grinding mills), Ordu (5 flour mills), Giresun (2 flour mills) and 

Trabzon (5 flour mills.) In each flour mill or wheat grinding mill 0.5 kg of 

finished flour sample was taken from 5 percent of bags of flour in store 

so that at randomly from 3 different parts of each bag and 0.5 kg of 

flour and spillage sample was also taken from the rolls, sifters and 

other parts of milling machinery. Apart from these, 0.5 kg of wheat 

sample was taken at random from stored wheat that has not been 

washed. The samples were put in polyethylene bags seperately with 

tags. In the laboratory these samples were put in glass jars. They 

were checked at 2 to 3 day tervals and the emerging adults counted. 

The jars containing the samples were kept in the laboratory for 2 to 

2.5 months. During this period the samples were sieved with a sieve 

with fine mesh and the adults counted. 

o 

The results showed that all the flour mills and wheat grinding mills 

were infested. Among finished flour samples taken in March during 

which weather was cold very small number of sample was infested, 

whereas among those taken in June and September infested ones 

were found in increased number. Samples taken from the milling machinery 

were found to be infested with various pests in varying numbers 

that increased especially in June to a great extent. 

Predominant insect species in samples of flour and spillage were 

flour beetles (TribOlium spp.) followed by flat grain beetles (LSemophloeus 

spp.) and Mediterranean meal moth (Ephestis 

kOhniells Zell.). 

* Karadeniz Tarrmsal Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO SAMSU N. 

124

Of the other pests cadelle beetle (Tenebroldes maurltanlcus 

l.), larder beetle (Dermestes lardarlus L.) and saw-toothed grain 

beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis L.) were found in great number. 

But broad-horned flour beetle (Gnathocerus cornutus Fab.) 

was found in large numbers in Ordu and Trabzon provinces compared 

with the other provinces. 

Parasites, namely Nemeritis canescens Grav. and Bracon 

hebator Say. were also foud in the infested samples. Among the 

species found in wheat samples granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius 

L.) was predominant species. 

Mite species four:ld in flour and wheat samples were Melichares 

tarsalis (Berlese), flour mite (Acarus slro L.), Cheyletus erudltus 

Schrank., Glycyphagus destructor Schrank., Glycyphagus 

domesticus (De Geer), Gohleria fuscaOnd. Book lice (L/poscelis 

spp.) were also found in these samples. 

125

G. B~KjpARAZ~jNEMATODLAR 

PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES

EGE BOLGESi MEYVE FiDANLlKLARINDAKi 

KOK-UR NEMATODLARINA (MELOIDOGYNE SPP.) 

KAR$I iLA

CHEMICAL TESTS AGAINST THE ROOT-KNOT 

NEMATODES (MELOIDOGYNE SPP.) IN FRUIT 

NURSERIES IN AEGEAN REGION 

ibrahim

EGE BOLGESi TURUN9GiL BAH9ELERiNDEKi 

TURUN9GiL NAMETODU (TYLENCHULUS 

SEMIPENETRANS COBB.)'NA KAR$I iLA9 

DENEMELERi 

Servet 6ZKUP Ylldlray ARINQ* Nedim BORAZANCI' 

ibrahim QINARU' 

Ege Bblgesindeki turunlfgil bahgelerinde zararll olan Turunggil nematodu 

(Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb.)'na kar§l Nemaeu r 

400 EC'nin preparat 10 I/da ve 12,5 I/da dozlar! ile 1982 yllmm Kaslm 

aymda bir deneme agllml§, aneak 0 Yllm kl§ aylannm Ifok soguk 

gegmesi nedeniyle denemeden sonulf allnamaml§tlr. 1983 Yllinm Hakziran 

aymda deneme Temik 15 G ilaemm da ilavesiyle ayn bahlfede 

tekrarlanml§tlL 1983 yllmda agllan denemede Nemaeur 400 EC ilaemln 

preparat 12,5 I/da dozu topraktaki turunlfgil nematodu populasyonuna 

ilaCilamadan Olf, dart ve altl ay sonra slraslyla ortalama % 84,12; 

%95,42 ve %97,51; 10 I/da dozu ise slraslyla ortalama %80,59; 

%90,48 ve %90,86 etkili olmu§tur. Temik 15 G ilaemln agag ba§lna 

300 9 dozunun topraktaki etkileri 3 ay soma ortalama %82,35; 4 ay 

sonra %81,03 gibi oldukga tatminkar olmu§, aneak 6 ay sonraki 

saYlmlan istenilen sonulflan vermemi§tir. Her Olf ilaeln kbklerdeki 

turunggil nematoduna kar§1 bulunan etki oranian farkllilklar gastermi;;tir. 

Bunun nedeninin 0 yilm gok kurak gelfmesi ve susuzluktan dolaYI 

bahgenin dOzensiz sulanmasl olabileeegi dO§Oneesiyle deneme 1984 

Yllmda tekrarlanml§tlL 

1984 Yllmda Temik 15 G ilaelnln topraktaki etkileri ilalflamadan Olf. 

dart ve be;; ay soma %82,14: %73.42; %74,34 olmu;;, kaklerde de 

olduk

Turun

CHEMICAL TEST AGAINST CITRUS NEMATODE 

(TYLENCHULUS SEMIPENETRANS COBB.) IN 

CITRUS ORCHARDS IN AEGEAN REGION 

Servet OZKUT* Vlldlray ARINQ* Nedim BORAZANCI* 

Ibrahim QINARU* 

A chemical test was carried out against citrus nematode (Tylenchulus 

semipenetrans Cobb.) which is very harmfull in citrus orchards 

to evaluate the effectiveness of Phenamiphos (Nemacur 400 

E.G) in November 1982 at the dosages of 10 Iida and 12,5 I/da. Because 

of severe winter we encountered in 1982 we couldn't get any 

result from the experiment. With the addition of Aldicarb (Temik 15 G) 

at the dosage of 300 glpertree the experiment was repeated in 1983 

again in another orchard. The effectivenesses of Nemacur 400 EC at 

the dosages of 12,5 Iida for nematode in soil 3, 4 and 6 months after 

application were 84.12%; 95.42% and 97.51 % and for the dosages of 

10 Iida it was 80.59%; 90.48% and 90.86% respectively. The effect of 

Temik 15 G in soil 3 and 4 months after application were 82.35% and 

81.03% respectively. But the effect of the chemical 6 months later was 

not so good. The effectivenesses of the chemicals against citrus nematode 

in roots were relatively low and showed great differences between 

the repetitions. The reason of this situation is probaly due to the 

drought and water shortage at that year and irregular irrigation. 

In 1984, Ethoprop (Mocap 10 G) was added at the dosages of 8 

kg/da and 10 kg/da in the experiment. At this year Temik 15 G gave 

82.14%, 73.42% and 74.34% effectiveness in soil 3, 4 and 5 months 

after application. And it gave fairly good results in roots also (65.36%; 

70.56%; 62.59%). Nemacur 400 EC was effective in soil at thedosage 

of 12,5 \Ida as 77.17%; 84.53% and 88.63%. It gave also satisfactory 

results in roots. The effect-ivenesses of Nemacur 400 EC at 10 

Iida both in soil and root was less than the higher dosage (12,5 I/da). 

The both dosages of Mocap 10 G was found non effective again~t citrus 

nematodes. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara~tlrma En"stitOsO, Bornova . IZMIR 

133

As a result, these two systemic nematocides (Nemacur 400 EC at 

12.5 Iida and Temik 15 G at 300 g/tree) found effective against citrus 

nematode. Before giving these two chemicals in use we sampled 

some treated citrus fruits for residual analyses. The results of the residual 

analyses showed that the amount of residue found in fruits is 

under the tolerance limit and that's why Temik 15 G (300 g/tree) and 

Nemacur 400 EC (12.5 I/da) can be used in citrus orchards for citrus 

nematode. 

According to the resolutions taken for another citrus chemical test 

project of Adana Institute (No:1/Rid 400.018) at the Subtropical Fruits 

Meeting held in izmir in 1986, the use of Temik 15 G in citrus orchards 

were postponed until the researches on environmental pollutions have 

been completed. 

134

FiTOPATOLOJi 

PHYTOPATHOLOGY 

A. HUBUBAT HASTALlKLARI 

CEREAL DISEASES

ORTA ANADOLU BOLGESiNDE 

BUG DAY SURME HASTALIGI 

(TlLLETlA FOETIDA (WALLR.) LlRO ve T.CARIES 

(DC.) TUL.)'NA KAR$I iLAC DENEMESi 

ibrahim AKTUNA* Eray DAMGACI* Berna TUNALI" 

Bay tan 7.5 OS, Rovral, Pano-Ram 25 P, Subitol 10 OS, Panoctine 

35 P. Fungin 40 ve Fumazin 40 isimli ilaglar, ruhsat amaci ile bugday 

surme hastallgl (Til/etia (oetida (WaUr.) Liro ve T.caries (~C.) 

Tul.)'na kar~1 1983-19485 Yillannda denenmi~tir. 

Oenemeler tesadQf parselleri deneme desenine gore 13 karakter 

ve 3 tekerrurlu olarak d(jzenlenmi~tir. Bolal 2973 bugday ge~idi tohum 

Ian % 0.3 oramnda kuru surme sporu populasyonu ile inokule edilmi~ 

ve tohum i1aglanyla % 0.15 ve % 0.1125 dozunda ilaglanml~tlr. Mukayese 

iiaci olarak Ceresan P (Pentaklornitrobenzen) kullamlml§)tlr. 

Bugdaym sOt olum doneminde her parseldeki surmeli ve saglam 

ba§)aklar saYllarak hastallk oranlan saptanml§)tlr. ilaglann surme hastal.lgma 

etkileri Abbott formOIOne gore hesaplanml§)tlr. 

Kontrol parsellerinde ortalama % 25.58 hastahk durumunda, sadece 

Subitol10 OS isimli Hag % 0.15 ve % 0.1125 dozlannda bugday 

surme hastahgml tam olarak kontrol etmi§tir. Bay tan 7.5 OS %0.15 ve 

% 0.1125 dozlannda slraslyla ortalama % 96.62 ve % 97.11 oranmda, 

Rovral, % 77.60 ve % 60.38; Pano-Ram 25 P, % 84.25, % 86.48; Panoctine 

35 P, % 96.96, % 96.81, % 95.13; Fungin 40, % 90.61, % 

74.77; Fumazin 40, % 92.61, % 77.63 oramnda etkili olmu~tur. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO - ANKARA 

137

CHEMICAL TRIALS AGAINST COMMON 

BUNT OF WHEAT 

(TlLLETlA FOETIOA (WALl_R.) L1RO, T. CARIES (DC.) 

TUL.) IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA 

ibrahim AKTUNA' Eray OAMGACI' Berna TUNALI* 

In 1983-1985, 7 seed treatment chemicals (Bay tan 7.5 OS, Rovral, 

Pano-Dam 25 P, Subitol 10 OS, Panoctine 35 P, Fungin 40 and Fumazin 

40) were tested their efficacy in controlling common bunt of 

wheat (Tilletia foetida (Wallr.) Liro, T.caries (DC.) Tul.) in order to 

get permission in Turkey. 

Trials were arranged in randomized plots design with thirteen characters 

and three replicates. Seeds of Bolal 2973 wheat variety were 

inoculated with dry bunt spore population at the rate of 0.3 % and 

treated with seed treatment chemicals, at 0.15 % and 0.1125 %. Ceresan 

P (pentachloronitrobenzene) was used as a standard chemical 

for comparison. 

The bunt rates were established by counting healty and diseased 

ears in each plot at milky growth stage of wheat. The effects of seed 

treatment chemicals on infection of wheat were calculated according 

to the Abbott formula. 

Bunt infection of untreated seed was on an average 25.58 %. Only 

Subitol 10 OS seed treatment provided completely control against 

common bund of wheat at tested dosages (0.15% and 0.1125 %), 

Bay tan 7.5 OS, Rovral, Pano-Ram 25 P, Panoctine 35 P, Fungin 40 

and Fumazin 40 had shown unsufficient effect (respectively, on an 

average 96.62 %, 97.11 %; 77.60 'Yo, 60.38 %, 84.25 %, 86.48 %, 

96.96 %, 96.81 %, 95.13 %; 90.61 %, 74.77 % and 92.61, 77.63 %) 

in controlling common bunt of wheat at tested dosages (0.15 % and 

0.1125%). 

• Zirai Mucadele Ara§tlrma Enstit(jsu·ANKARA 

138

BUGDAV SORME (TlLLETlA SPP.) HASTAlIGINA 

KAR~I iLAC DENEMESi 

Se~kin FiNCi* Halim GUMU~TEKiN** Menpare GUROL* 

Panoctine 35 P ve Subitol 10 OS tohum ilaglan bugdaylarda 

sOrmeye (Tilletia spp.) kar~1 Hekmazin ile kar~lIa~tlrmall olarak denenmi~tir. 

l;1eneme Marmara ve Trakya 80lge Zirai Ara~tmifla EnstitOsO denem~arazisinde 

(Halkall-istanbul) 6 karakter 3 tekerrOrlO olarak tesadUf 

pa:f$elleri deneme desenine gore 1984 Yllmdayapllml§tlr. Oeneme de 

s'urmeye kar§1 hassas 8ezostaya bugday ge~idi kullal1llml§tlr. Aym 

ge§itten topIan an sOrmeli danelerden elde edilen klamidosporlarla 

ilaglamadan once % 03 oranlnda bula§tmlml§tlr. Ekim 2x1 :25=2.5 m2'lik 

parselere 0.25 mara ile yapllml§tlr. 

SaYlmlar ba§aklar olgunla§tlktan sonra her parseldeki hasta ve 

saglam ba§aklar Ozerinde yapl!ml§. ilaglann % etki!eri Abbot'a gore bu 

:Iunmu§tur. 

Oenemeye alman ilaglardan, Panoctine 35 P ilacmda % 0.15 ve % 

0.125 dozlannda yeterli etki gorOlmemi§, Subitol 10 OS iiaci ise her iki 

dozda kontroI ilaci gibi % 100 etki gostermi§tir. 

8u sonuglara gore Subitol 10 OS'On bugday sOrme hastallgma 

kar§1 onerilebilecegi kanaatine van!abilir. 

• AtatOrk Bahc;e KOitu:-ieri Ara~tlrma EnstitosO·YALOVA 

• * Trakya Tanmsal Ar&~tlrma EnstitOsO - EDIRNE 

' 

139

CHEMICAL TEST AGAINST WHEAT BUNT 

(TiLLETIA SPP.) 

Segkin Finci* Halim GOMO~TEKiN** Mehpare GOROL* 

Panoctine 35 P and Subitol 10 DS which are seed dressers, were 

tested against wheat bunt (Til/etia spp.) and compared with Hekmazin. 

The experiment was conducted in randomized plot design with 6 

characters and 3 replications in experimental field at Halkall, 

iSTANBUL, in 1984. In teh experiment, bunt susceptible wheat variety, 

Bezostaja-1, was used. Test material was contaminated at the rate 

of 0.3% with clamidospores that were obtained from the diseased 

grains collected from Bezostaja-1. The plot size was 2.5 m 2 (2x1.25 

m), the planting was done manually and the space between rows was 

0.5 m. 

Both healthy and diseassed heads in each plot were counded during 

meturity. Data was evaluated by the Abbott formula. 

Pancotine 35 P failed to provide effective control of the disease at 

rates of 0.15%-0.125%. Subitol 10 DS gave 100% control in both 

doses. 

As a result Subitol 10 DS can be recomended against wheat bund 

(Tilletia spp.) 

* AtatOrk 8ah

AKDENiz BOLGESiNDE BUGDAV SORME 

(TILLETIA FOETlDA"WALL." LlRO.) 

HAST ALiGINA KAR~I iLAC DENEMESi 

Atilla ATAC' 

Fumazin 40, Fungin 40 ve tjenrt 1.25 OS ilaglarmm etkinliklerini 

saptamak amaclyla bu gall§ma 1985 Yllmda Adana'da yOrOtOlmO§tOr. 

Deneme tesadOf bloklan deneme desenine gore, 3 tekerrOrlO ve 10 

karakterli (9 ila

ESSAI DE TRAITEMENT CHIMIQUE CONTRE lA 

MAlADIE DE lA CARIE (TlLLETlA FOETIDA "WALL." 

LlRO.) DU BlE lA REGION MEDITERRANEEN 

DE lA TURQUIE. 

Atilla ATAQ* 

Ce travail a conduit en 1985 a Adana. Le but de cet essai a ete 

teste I'efficacitees des produits du Fumazin 40, du Fungin 40 et du 

Benit 1.25 OS. 

L'essai a ete effectue selon la methode des blocs randomises avec 

3 repetitions, et 10 caracteres (9 produits + 1 temoin). Dans cet essai 

on a employe des semences du ble de la variete du Cumhuriyet 75. 

Les semences du ble ont ete artificiellement infecte avec les spores 

de la carie a la proportion de 0.3 % dans un pote de verre convenab 

Ie. On a employee 30 9 des semences du ble carie pour chaque parcelie. 

Les semences traitees par les produits dans un pote de verre a 

250 ml, ont ete semes par la main apres un jour d'application. 

On a fait les comptages et I'evauation pendant la period te la maturite 

des bles. On a compte les epis cariees et les epis sains dans 

tous les parcelles et on a calcule les efficatites des traitements selon 

la formule d'Abbott. A la fin des comptages, on a obtenu les epis 

cariees a la proportion moyens de 84.89 % aux parcelles de temoins. 

A la fin de I'essais, I'efficacitees moyens obtenus sont analysees 

selon Ie test du Duncan et les resultats sont trouvees comme au tableau 

I, ci-dessous: . 

TABLEAU 1 Les resultats d'essai realisees en 1985 contre la maladie de la carie du ble 

a Adana. 

Doses 

Duncan 

(g/g) Efficacites (%) (5 %) 

Ceresan P 200.0 99.93 a 

150.0 99.72 a 

Benit 1.25 OS 150.0 99.69 a 

Fungin 40 200.0 97.49 b 

150.0 97.20 b 

112.5 94.94 c 

Fumazin 40 200. 

150.0 

94.10 c 

93.36 c 

En consequence, on a vue que, I'efficacitees produit Fungin 40 et 

du Fumazin 40 ne sont pas suffisantes aux doses employees dans 

cet essai. Par contre, I'efficacites Ceresan P(produit de comparaison) 

et Benit 1.25 OS sont suffisantes. 

* Zirai MOcadele Arai}tlrma EnstitOsO-ADANA 

142

AKDENiz BOLGESiNDE ARPA YARI-A9IK RASTIGI 

(USITILAGO NIGRA TAPKE) HASTALIGINA KAR~I 

iLAC DENEMESi 

Atilla ATAr;* 

Bu gall§ma arpa yan-agrk rastfgr (U.nigra)'na kar§r kullanma iznine 

esas olmak Ozere Bay tan 7.5 OS ilacrnrn etkisini tesUemek amacryla 

1983-1985 yrllannda Adana'da yOrUtOlmO§tOr. 

Oenemeler genel olarak tesadOf bloklarr deneme desenine gore 

1983 ve 1985'de 4 tekerOrlO, 1984 yrllnda 3 tekerrOrlO olarak gergekle§tirilmi§tir. 

Og yrl sOren bOtOn gall§malanmlzda Vitavax 75 W ilacr 100 

kg tohuma 150 g preparat olmak Ozere kar§rla§trrma iiaci olarak kullanllmr§ 

ve kontrol olarak ilaglanmaml§ parseller blrakrlml§tlr. Arpa yarraglk 

rastlgr hastalrgma kar§1 duyarll olan Arizona arpasl tohumlan Usti 

/ago nigra sporlarr ile yapay olarak bula§tlnldr. Yapay inokulasyon 

igin, spor sOspansiyonu ve klsmt vakum yontemi olmak Ozere farkh iki 

yontem kullanlldl (Tapke et Bever, 1942). Her parsel igin yarr-aglk 

rastlkla yapay olarak bula§tJrllmr§ tohumlardan 30 g kullanlldl. ilaglarla 

muamele edilmi§ tohumlar, ilaglamadan bir gOn sonra elle ekildi. 

SaYlmlar ve degerlendirme arpalarm olgunluk doneminde yaplldl. 

BOtOn parsellerde rastlklt ba§aklar ve saglam ba§aklar saYlldr ve Abbott 

formOIOne gore ilaglann etkileri heshaplandr. SaYlmlar sonucunda 

kontrol parsellerinde % 4.4-2.2-6.5-10.73 ve 5.75 oranlan nda rastlkll 

ba§ak elde edildi. 1983, 1984 ve 1985 Yilian nda elde edile n ortalama 

etkiler a§agrda Qizelge I.de belirtilmektedir. 

QIZELGE 1. 1983-1984 ve 1985 yillarmda arpa yaFl-aglk rastlgl hastaligma kan}1 

Adana'da gergekle!}tirilen denemelerin sonu91an 

(2) 

112.5 100.0 

150.0 100.0 

200.0 100.0 

112.5 

150.0 100.0 

(1 ) (2) (2) 

100.0 100.0 100.0 

99.5 100.0 100.0 

99.5 100.0 100.0 

100.0 100.0 100.0 

1 1 

Kontrol 

(% rastlkllbalak) (4.4) (2.2) (6.5) (10.73) 5.75) 

(1) Spor sOspansiyonu yontemine gore. 

(2) Klsmt vakum yontemine gore. 

Sonug olarak, Bay tan 7.5 OS ilacmm arpa yarr-aglk rastlgl hastahgl 

ile mOcadelede yeterli etkisi oldugu gorOldO. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO-ADANA 

143

ESSAI DE TRAITEMENT CHIMIQUE CONTRE 

LA MALADIE 

DE CHARBON NaiR (USTILAGO NIGRA TAPKE) DE 

L'ORGE A LA REGION 

MEDITERRANEEN DE LA TURQUIE. 

Atilla AT A

TABLEAU 1. 

Les resultats des essais realisees en 1983-1984 et 1985 contre la maladie 

de charbon noir d'orge a Adana. 

Efficacites (%) 

Doses 

(gIg) 1983 1984 1985 

I 

(1 ) (2) (1 ) (2) (2) 

IBaytan 7.5 OS 112.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

150.0 100.0 100.0 99.5 100.0 100.0 

200.0 100.0 100.0 99.5 100.0 100.0 

Vitavax 75 W 112.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 

(4.4) (2.2) (6.5) 

(1) Selon la methode de la suspension de spore. 

(2) Selon Ie methode du vide partiel. 

En consequence, on a vue que I'efficacite du produit de Baytan 

7.5 DS est suffisante pour la lutte de la maladie de charbon noir 

d'orge. 

145

ORTA ANADOLU BOLGESiNDE ARPADA NOKTALI 

VAPRAK LEKESi HASTALIGI (DRECHSLERA 

SOROKINIANA ("SACC".) SUBRAM. AND JAIN)'NA 

KAR~I MOCADELE VONTEMLERi OZERiNDE ON 

ARA~TIRMALAR 

Huseyin AKTAl:* Eray DAMGAC' ibrahim AKTUNA* 

Berna TUNALI" 

Arpada kok gOrOklOgO hastahgma neden olan D.sorokiniana'ya 

kar§1 ilagh sava§lm yamnda bazi kOltOrel onlemlerle de gerek enfekteli 

anlz artlklannda gerekse topraktaki inokulum potansiyelinin buyOk 

olgOde dO§OrOlebilecegi bilinmektedir. Bu amagla 1983-1984 Yillannda 

Bio-Assay gall§malan sonucu segtigimiz 7 ilag ve daha sonra Iprodione 

(% 35)+Carbandazim (% 17.5) (Rovral TS) aktif maddeli ilaclda denemelerimize 

katarak, ilagh sava§lm gall§malanmlz EnstitO bahgesinde 

yazllk denemede, Polatll Tarim i§letmeleri MOdOrlOgOnOn deneme tarlasmda 

ise kl§hk ve yazllk denemelerde yOrOtOlmO§tOr. Bu gall§malar 

sonucu Iprodione (Rovral) ve Iprodione+Carbandazim (Rovral TS) aktif 

maddeli ilaglann 150g/100 kg dozda, siraslyia ortalama % 62.23 ve % 

64.23 oranmda etkili gOrOldOgOnden Arpada kbk gOrOklOgO yapan 

D.sorokiniana'ya kar§1 kullanllabilecegi kanlsma vanlml§tlr. Aynca 

kO ItOrei gall§malanmlzdan yakllml§ ve yakllmaml§ anlzda degi§ik zamanda 

yapllan anlz bozma i§lemlerinden "sonbaharda yakllml§ anlzda 

sOrOm"On hastallk populasyonunu bnemli blgOde dO§OrdOgO saptanml§tlr. 

• Zira; MOcadele Ara!jtlrma EnstitOsO·ANKARA 

146

PRELiMiNARY STUDiES ON THE CONTROL 

METHODS OF BARLEY SPOT BLOTCH 

(DRECHSLERA SOROKINIANA (SACC.) SUBRAM. 

AND JAIN) IN CENTRAL ANATOLiA. 

Huseyin AKTA~* Eray DAMGACI* ibrahim AKTUNA* 

Berna TUNALI' 

It has been known that some agronomical precautions could be effective 

on the reduction of the inoculum potential both infected stubble 

and soil, in addition to chemical control against, D.sorokiniana 

which causes root rot of barley. 

Eighteen chemicals were tested by bio-assay between 1983-1984 

and the effectivenesses of seven chemicals like, 50 % iprodione (Rovral), 

50 % iprodione+50 % carbendazime (Rovral+Bavistin), 1.5% phenylmercury 

aceta Ie (Ceresan Trock. UT 687), 80 % maneb (Trimangot), 

80 % mancozeb (Dithane M-45 Special), 80 % thiram (Pomarsol forte), 

37.5 % carboxin + 37.5 % thiram (Thiram-Vitavax) were ranged belween 

47-100 %. These chemicals and plus 35 % iprodione + 17.5 % 

carbendazime (Rovral TS) were used as seed dressing at the rate of 

150 9 as preparate per 10 kg seed in field trials. 

Seed treatment trials were carried out in ecologically different two 

locals, as spring and winter sowings. According to the results of the 

seed treatment trials, iprodione and iprodione + carbendazime provided 

satisfactory control with effects of 62.23 and 64.23%, respectively 

at the dosage of 150g/100kg agaiinst D.sorokiniana which caused 

root rot of barley. 

As agronomical precauitions, the trial plots in the burnt and unburnt 

areas were plowed after harvest or in fall or in spring. It has been determined 

that the fall plowing at burnt stubble area considerably redweed 

the ratio of the disease 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO-ANKARA 

147

EGE BOLGESiNDE MISIRLARDA GORULEN 

MISIR RASTIGI (USTILAGO MAYOIS "DC" CORDA) 

HASTALIGININ KiMYASAL SAVA~IMI 

OZERiNDE CALISMALAR 

Mustafa O(,;;OP Co§kun SAYDAM* Mustafa QOPQU* 

I\!1lslrln onemli hastallklanndan biri olan Mlslr rastlgl (Utilago maydis 

"DC" Corda) hastallgmm tarla ko§ullannda kimyasal sava§lmml 

ama~lIyan bu ~all§ma, 1982-1984 yilian arasmda Bornova-Bolge Zirai 

MOeadele Ara§tlrma EnstitUsO deneme bah~esinde yOrOtOlmO§tOr. 

Denemeler, tesadOf bloklan deneme desenine gore dort tekrarll olarak 

20 m2 (4xS)'lik parsellerde yapllml§tlr. 

Hastallgm geli§im §anSInI, arttlrmak amaelyla, tOm bitkiler yakla§lk 40 

60 em. boyaula§tlklannda her bitkiye enjektorle rastlk spor-sporidia 

sOspansiyonu veriJmi§tir. 

ilac;lamalar, yapay bula§tlrmadan soma Oc; donemde (1. Bitkiler 40 

60 em. boyda, 2. Erkek gigek 9lkl§lndan 8-10 gOn once, 3. Erkek 

c;ic;ekler glkmaya ba§ladlgmdan) yapllml§tlr. 

Kullantlan ilaglar dozart ve ilac;lann Yillara gore etkileri a§aglda verilmi§tir. 

iLAQLAR DQZLAR ETKi QB8NLARI (O[Q) 

~ N.a4 

1. Pomarsol forte 600 gr/da 48.23 18.0S 

2. Benlate fungisit 200 gr/da SO.23 16.S7 

3. Plantvax 75 W 200 gr/da 47.17 13.06 

4. Plantvax 75 W 300 gr/da 63.02 24.S7 

5. Vitavax 200 200 gr/da 39.32 8.21 

6. Bavistin 200gr/da 43.64 18.21 

7.Vitavax R 75 200 gr/da 54.15 31.33 

ilaglann etki oranlan hastallk §iddetine bagll olarak degi§iklik 

gostermi§tir. (Kontrol parsellerinde hastallk §ideti 1983 ve 1984 

Yillannda siraslyia 6.80 ve 12.92 olarak saptanml§tlr). Diger bir deyi§le, 

soz konusu preparatlardan hi

CHEMICAL CONTROL OF CORN SMUT 

(USITILAGO MA YOIS "DC" CORDA) 

IN THE AEGEAN REGION 

Mustafa boOr- Co§kun SAYDAM* Mustafa COP

EGE eOLGESiNDE iKiNCi URUN OLARAK 

YETi$TiRiLEN MISIRLARDA 

PARAZiTER VE PARAZiTER OLMAYAN 

HASTALlKLARIN YAYILI$ALANLARI iLE ORAN VE 

$iDDETLERiNiN SAPTANMASI 

Co§kun SA VDAM* Mustafa OGUP Mustafa COP

STUDIES ON THE FUNGAL PATHOGENS OF 

MAIZE CROWN AS A 

SECOND CROP IN AEGEAN REGION 

Co§kun SAYDAM' Mustafa bGOT* Mustafa COPC;U' 

The study was carried out in Aydm, izmir and Manisa in the Aegean 

Region between the years of 1983-1985. Surveys was carried 

out during 1983, 1984 and 1985 at three different growth states of 

the maize (Carly whorl, Tassel and Maturity). The investigations were 

shown that the smut caused by Ustilago maydis "DC" Corda was 

common disease all part of the region, and there was no noticeable 

differences among of the varietises from the point of reaction to the disease. 

The aer and kernel molds were in high ratio on the damaged maize 

plants by Sesamia nonagrioides Lef. 15 different fungi belong 12 

genus were isolated from infected grains. 

The fungi izolated from infected ears were given below. 

Ratio on the infected 

ears and grains (%) 

fungi: ~ 1984 

Alternaria sp. 7.76 7.35 

Aspergillus sp. 14.22 6.76 

Aspergilus niger 11.03 14.42 

Botrytis sp. 2.92 

Cladosporium sp. 2.91 4.41 

Chephalosporium sp. 2.94 

fusarium 4.87 8.82 

f. moni/iforme 77.67 65.44 

f.roseum 12.62 4.441 

Gliocladium sp. 2.47 1.94 

Mucor sp. 8.47 17.47 

Nigrospora sp. 6.80 3.67 

PeniCillium spp. 46.60 54.41 

Rhizopus sp. 15.56 7.76 

Trichothecium sp. 16.50 13.23 

, Zirai MOcadele Ara~tlrma EnstitOsO Bornova-IZMIR 

151

B. SEBZE VE YEM BiTKiLERi 

HAST ALIKLARI 

VEGETABLE AND FODDER 

DISEASES

AKDENiz BOLGESiNDE DOMATESLERDE 

KUR$UNi KUF 

(BOTRYTIS CINERA PERS.) HASTALIGINA KAR$I 

iLAt; DENEMELERi 

Mevllit GONCO' 

Ronilan, Rovral, Sumisclex ve Orthocide 50 ilat,{lannm domateslerde 

kur§uni kOf (Botrytis cinerea) hastallgma kar§1 biyolojik etkinliklerini 

saptamak amaclyla 1984 Ylilnda Antalya'da Oretici seralannda iki deneme 

yaplldl. Her iki deneme de tesadOf parselleri deneme desenine 

gore 6 karakterli ve 3 tekerrOrhJ olarak yurutoldO. Birinci denemede karekterler 

% 0.075 Ronilan, % 0.1 Ronilan, % 0.075 Rovral, % 0.1 Sumisclex, 

% 0.25 Orthocide 50 ve Kontrol, ikinci denemede karekterler 

% 0.75 Ronilan, % 0.1 Ronilan, % 0.075 Rovral, % 0.075 Sumisclex, 

% 0.1 Sumisclex ve Kontrol olarak alinml§tlr. . 

Her iki denemede de ilat,{lamalara 29/2/1984 tarihinde ba§lanml§. 

10 gun ara ile 3'er ilat,{lama yapllml§tlr. 

Son ilat,{lamalardan 10 gOn sonra, 30/3/1984 tarihinde saYlmlar 

yapllml§, degerlendirmeler hasta meyve oramna ve govde ba§lna 

dO§en govde lezyon saYlslna gore yapllml;;tlr. ilaglann etkinlikleri Abbot 

formOIOne gore hesaplanml;;tlr. 

Denemelerden elde edilen sonuglar Qizelge 1'de ozetlenmi§tir. 

(:IZELGE 1. Denemelerden elde edilen sonuglar 

KarakterlHr Dozlar Gavde lezyonuna gore Hasta meyve oranlna gore 

0/0 Etki (%) Etki (%) 

I. deneme II. geneme I. denSlme II. deneme 

Ronilan 0.075 78.04 79.90 80.90 81.21 

Ronilan 0.1 84.74 83.38 82.63 84.46 

Rovral 0.075 82.25 80.99 78.71 79.05 

Sumisclex 0.075 79.35 81.81 

Sumisclex 0.1 84.47 83.62 82.79 84.26 

Orthocide 0.25 66.51 68.82 

% 0.075 dozda Ronilan, Rovral ve Sumisclex ilat,{lannm sebzelerde 

kur;;uni kUf hastallgma kar§1 kullanllabilecegine karar verilmi;;tir. Aynca 

bu fungisitlerin, dayamkilhk geli;;mesi ihtimalini azaltmak igin, Orthocide 

50 ile mOnavebeli olarak kullanllabileceklerine karar verilmi;;tir. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO . ADANA 

155

CHEMICAL EXPERIMENTS AGAINST 

GRAY-MOLD DISEASE 

(BOTRYTIS CINEREA PERS) ON TOMATOES IN THE 

MEDITERRANEAN REGION 

MevlOt GONCO' 

To determine the biological activities of Ronilan, Rovral, Sumisclex 

and Orthocide 50 fungicides against gray-mold on tomatoes, two experiments 

were made in the grower green houses in Antalya in 1984. 

The experiments, both were conducted according to Randomized 

Plots Design with 6 characters and 3 replicates. The clJaracters were 

Ronilan 0.075 %, Ronilan 0.1 %, Rovral 0.075%, Sumisclex 0.1 %, 

Orthocide 50 0.25 % and Control in first experiment; and Ronilan 

0.075 % Ronilan 0.1 %, Rovral 0.075 %, Sumisclex 0.075 %, Sumisclex 

0.1 % and Control in second experiment. 

The treatments were begun at February 29, 1984 and 3 treatments 

were made with 10 days intervals in both experiment. 

The countings were made 10 days after the last treatments, at 

March 30, 1984, and diseased fruit ratios and stem lesions per stem 

were determined in the countings. The effectiveness of the chemicals 

were calculated according to Abbott formula. 

The results obtained from the experiments have been summarized 

in table 1. 

TABLE 1.The results obtained from the experiments. 

Characters Doses (%) Effect according to Effect according to stem 

diseased fruit ratios(%) lesions per stem (%) 

First Second First Second 

~ experiment experiment experiment experiment 

Ronilan 0.075 78.04 79.90 80.90 81.21 

Ronilan 0.1 84.74 82.63 82.63 84.46 

Rovral 0.075 82.25 80.99 78.71 79.05 

Sumisclex 0.075 79.35 81.81 

Sumisclex 0.1 84.47 83.62 82.79 84.26 

Orlhocide 0.25 66.51 68.82 

Based on the results obtained from the experiments, it was concluded 

that Ronilan, Rovral and Sumisclex fungicides, at the dose of 

0.075 %, could be used against gray-mold on vegetable crops. It was 

also concluded that Orthocide 50 fungicide, at 0.25 % dose, could be 

used alternatively to reduce reistance possibility against to Ronilan, 

Rovral and Sumisclex fungicides by B.cinerea. 

* Zirai MOcadele Aral}tlrma EnstitOsO-ADANA 

156

AKDENiz BOLGESiNDE HIYARLARDA 

BEYAZ COROKLOK 

(SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM (LiEBERT) De Bary) 

HASTALIGINA KAR~I iLAC; DENEMELERi 

Mevllit GONCO' 

Hlyariarda beyaz

CHEIVIICAL EXPERIMENTS AGAINST 

WHITE ROT DISEASE 

(SCLEROTINJA SCLEROTIORUM (LIEBERT) DE 

BARY) ON CUCUMBERS 

IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION 

MevHit GONCO' 

To determine the biological activities of Ronilan, Rovral, Sumisclex, 

Orthocide 50 fungicides, and alternative using of Ronilan and Antracol 

fungicides against white rot disease (S.sclerotiorum) on cucumbers, 

the experiments were made in Antalya-Aksu Vegetable Crops Research 

Institute in 1983 and 1984 and in igel-Alata Horticultural Research 

and Education Center in 1985. 

The experiments were made according to Randomized Plots Design 

with 3 characters (Ronilan, 0.075 %; Ronilan, 0.1 %; and Control) 

and 4 replicates in 1983, with 4 characters (Ronilan, 0.075%, Ronilan, 

0.1%; Ronilan O.1%-Antracol 0.25 %; and Control) and 3 replicates in 

1984, and with 7 characters (Rovral, 0.075 %; Rovral 0.1 %; Sumisclex, 

0,075 %; Sumisclex, 0.1%; Orthocide 50, 0.25 %; Sotran 0.17 %; 

and Control) and 3 replicates in 1985. 

The treatments were begun at april 6 in 1983, at February 7 in 

1984, and at april 9 for the first experiment and April 29 for second experiment 

in 1985. it was made 3 applications in 1983 and 1984, and 

2 applications in i 985. Application interval was ten days for all three 

years. 

The countings were made ten days after the last applications, at 

May 5 in 1983, at March 18 in 1984 and at April 29 and May 5 in 

1985. The effectivities were calculated according to Abbott formula: 

The results obtained from the experiments have been summarized 

in table 1 . 

• Zirai Mucadele Ara§tlrma EnstitUsO·ADANA 

158

TABLE 1. The results obtained from the experiments 

Dose per 

Qh!2micals ngm!2 100 litr!2s Year Mean effect (%) 

Ronilan 75 g 1983 100.0 

Ronilan 100 g 1983 95.9 

Ronilan 75 g 1984 100.0 

Ronilan 100 g 1984 100.0 

Ronilan-Antracol 100 9-2509 1984 100.0 

Rovral 75 9 1985 100.0-100.0 

Rovral 100 9 1985 100.0-100.0 

Sumisclex 75 g 1985 100.0-100.0 

Sumisclex 100 g 1985 100.0-100.0 

Orthocide 50 250 9 1985 58.7-62.2 

Sotran 170 9 1985 51.5-34.7 

It was concluded that Ronilan, Rovral and Sumisclex fungicides, at 

doses of 75 g per 100 litres water, could be used against white rot disease 

on vegetable crops. 

Antracol was not effective against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in 

vitro tests. Therefore, it was also concluded that Antracol and Alternative 

Ronilan-Antracol using could not be used against white rot on vegetable 

crops. 

159

KAVUN KlILLEMESi (ERYSIPHE CICHORACEARUM 

D.C. VE SPHAEROTHECA FULIGINEA (SCHLECH) 

POLLACCI) HASTALIGINA KAR~I iLAC; DENEMESi 

GUiay TUNCER* Ova bZMEN* Sevin~ KOCATORK* 

1985 Yllmda, Ankara (ilyakut),da tarla ko:;;ullannda kavun kOliemesi 

hastallgma kar§1 7 fungisitin etkinlikleri TesadOf Bloklan Deneme Desenine 

gore 8 karakter (7 ila

CHEMICAL EXPERIMENT AGAINST 

POWDERY MILDEW 

(ERYSIPHE CICHORACEARUM D.C. AND 

SPHAEROTHECA FULIGINEA 

(SCHLECH, POLLACCI) ON MELON 

GOlay TUNCER* Oya OZMEN* Sevin~ KOCATORK* 

Effectiveness of seven fungicides were tested against Powdery mildew 

of melon according to randomized blocks design with 8 characters 

(7 chemicals+ 1 control) and 3. replicates in field conditions at Ankara 

(ilyakut) in 1985. The first application was made when the first 

sign of mildew was seen and the second was made after 15 days. 

Counting was done according to 0-5 scales after 15 days from the second 

application. Results were evaluated by using Abbott formula. 

Percentage effects of fungicides were found as follows: 

Bayleton (75g/100 L) 

Benlate (40g/100 L) 

Calixin (20m1/100 L) 

Derosal (40g/100 L) 

E.super (40g/100 L) 

Rubigan(10ml/100 L) 

Afugan (40m1/100 L) 

95.98 % 

99.81 % 

97.83 % 

84.20 % 

98.03 % 

98.87 % 

85.95 % 

According to the results, all these fungicides can be used against 

powdery mildew of melons. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO-ANKARA 

161

GONEYDOGU ANADOLU BOLGESiNDE 

KAVUN VE KARPUZDA KOK 

VE KOKBOGAZI COROKLOGONE SEBEP OLAN 

FUNGAL ETMENLER 

Abuzer SAGIR* 

Kavun ve karpuzda k6k ve k6kbogazl gOrOklOgOne sebep olan fungal 

etmenleri ve yaygmllk oranlanm belirlemek amaelyla hasada 15-20 

gOn kala 6-22.8.1985 tarihleri arasldna bir survey yapllml§tlr. Surveyler 

Adlyaman ve Diyarbaklr illerinde toplam 52 kavun ve 19 karpuz tarlasmda 

gergekle§tirilmi§tir. . 

Kavunda ortalama hastaltk oram Adlyaman'da 6.0, Diyarbaklr'da ise 

% 27.6 olarak belirlenmi§tir. Diyarbaklr'da sadeee bir karpuz tarlasmda 

k6k gOrOklOgOne rastlanml§tlr. 

Kavunda yapllan izolasyonlardan Macrophomina phaseoli (% 

32.87), Fusarium solani (%15.06), F.equiseti (% 8.21), 

F.oxysporum f.sp. melonis (2.73), F.proliferatum (% 1.36), Rhizoctonia 

solani (% 13.69), Alternaria sp (% 15.06), Pythium sp. 

(% 5.47) Aspergillus sp. (% 1.36) ve Rhizopus sp. (% 4.10) funguslan; 

karpuzda ise pythium sp. elde edilmi§tir. 

P~tojenisite testleri sera ko§ullannda saksl denemeleri §eklinde 

yapllml§tlr. Funguslann spor-miselyum sOspansiyonu ekim esnasmda 

tohum yataglna 3-4 em derinligine verilerek inokulasyon 

gergekle§tirilmi§tir. inokulasyondan bir ay sonra yapllan 

degerlendirmede, M.phaseoli, F.solani, F.oxysporum f.sp. melonis, 

F.proliferatum ve R.solani funguslan patojen bulunmu§tur. 

F.oxysporum f.sp. melonis, bOlgede y6resel olarak 

yeti§tirilen 10 kavun ge§idinin tOmOnO % 100, diger patojen funguslar 

ise degi§ik oranlarda hastalandlrml§tlr. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstiWsO-oIYARBAKIR 

162

FUNGAL PATHOGENS CAUSED ROOT AND 

CROWN ROT ON MELON AND WATERMELON IN 

SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA 

Abuzer SAGIR* 

The surveys were conducted on melon and watermelon before 15 

20 days of harvest on 6-22.8.1985 in Adlyaman and Diyarbaklr provinces. 

Totally 52 melon and 19 watermelon fields were examined. 

The rate of the disease on melon was 6.0% in Adlyaman and 

27.6% in Diyarbaklr. Root rot was found on watermelon only in one 

field in Diyarbaklr. Macrophomina phaseoli (32.87%), Fusarium 

solani (15.00%), F.equiseti (8.21%), F.oxysporum f.sp me/onis 

(2.73%), F.proliferatum (1.36 %), Rhizoctonia solani (13.69%), 

Alternaria sp. (15.06%), pythium sp. (5.47%), Asperigillus sp. 

(1.36%), and Rhizopus sp. (4.10%) were isolated from melon and 

pythium sp. was isolated only from watermelon. 

Pathogenicity tests were made as pot experiment in green house. 

The spore-mycelium suspension of fungi were inoculated to the soil in 

3-4 cm depth at sowing time. Enstimations were made one month 

after the inoculation. M.phaseoU, F.solani, F. oxysporum f. sp. 

me/onis, F. proliferatum and R.so/ani were determined as pathogens. 

F.oxysporum 1. sp. melonis caused the disease at the 

rate of 100 % on 10 local melon varieties and the other pathogenic 

fungi caused a disease at variable rates 

• Zirai Mucadele Ara~tlrma EnstitOsu-D!YARBAKIR 

163

EGE BOLGESi MARUL BiTKiLERiNDE GOROLEN 

ViROS HASTALlKLARI OZERiNDE ON 

CALI~MALAR 

Ulkii FiOAN* 

Tomris TORKOGLU· 

izmir iii marul yeti§tirme alanlannda; 1981-1984 Yilian arasmda 

LMV'nun % 5,4 oranrnda yaygm oldugu, LMV'nun % 8-9 oranmda tohumla 

ta§lndlgl, M.persicae'nin LMV'nun vektorO oldugu saptanml§tlr. 

Marui alanlannda LMV kadar yaygm olmamakla beraber 

BBWV ve CMV bulundugu saptanml§tJr. 

VIRUS DISEASES OCCURRING ON LETTUCE IN 

iZMiR PROVINCE 

Olkii FiOAN* 

Tomris TORKOGLU' 

As the results of survey studies lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) Cucumber 

mosaic virus (CMV) and Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV) were isolated 

from lettuce plants in the vicinity of izmir. The viruses were identified 

on the basis of the response of herbaceous hosts and some 

physical properties. 

Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) incidence was found to be 5,4 % and 

the seet transmission ration was determined as 8-9 %. It was detected 

that Myzus persicae transmitted the virus. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO Bornova·IZMIR 

164

C. MEYVE VE BAG HASTALlKLARI 

FRUIT AND VINE DISEASES

ELMA AGACLARINDA ZARAR YAPAN ELMA 

KARALEKESi (VENTURIA INAEQUALIS (CKE.) 

WINT.) MOCADELESiNDE TAHMiN VE 

UYARI SiSTEMiNiN GELi$TiRiLMESi VE 

UYGULAMASI' OZERiNDE CALI$MALAR 

Kenan TURAN' Necmettin DiNC' Sebiha TOKGONOL' 

Denemelerde ilaglamalar Starking elma bahgelerinde Zirai 

MOeadele Teknik Talimatl ve Tahmin ve Uyan sistemine gore 

yapllml§tlL Tahmin ve Uyan sistemi igin Mills tablosu kullanllml§ ve 

ilaglamalar hafif enfeksiyon ihtimaline gore tatbik edilmi§tir. 

Askospor ugu§u elektrikli bir yakalama aleti, havanm sleak-Ilk dereeesi 

ve nisbi rutubeti ve termohigrograf aleti vasltaslyla kaydedilmi§ 

Yagl§ (Yagmur) plOviyometre ile olgOlmO§tOr. 

Denemeler, Demin§lk ve Ylldlrlm'da (Mersin) 1983, ve 

Fmdlkpman'nda (Mersin) 1984 ve 1985 Yillannda yapllml§tlr. 

Zirai MOeadele Teknik Talimatma gore 1983 Yllinda 6; 1984'te 5 ve 

1985'te 6 ilaglama yapllml§tlr. 

Tahmin ve Uyan sistemine gore 1983'te 6; 1984'te 2 ve 1985 te 4 

ilaglama yapllml§tlr. 

ilaglamalann etki sonuglan Qizelge I'de verilmi§tir. 

CIZELGE 1. ila9'am

DES TRAVAILES SUR L'AMELIORATION ET 

L'APPLICATION DU SYSTEME DE PREVISION ET 

D'AVARTISSEMENT POUR LA 

LUTTE DE LA TAVELURE 

(VENTURIA INAEQUALIS (CKE.) WI NT.) DU 

POMMIER 

Kenan TURAN° Necmettin DiN(;:" Sebiha TOKGONOL ° 

Des essais ont ete faits dans des vergers du Pommier Starkim. Des 

traitements ont ete faits selon la methode d'instruction de Service Agricole 

et Ie systeme de prevision et d'avertissement. Pour Ie systeme 

de prevision et d'avertissement on a utilise Ie tableau Mills et des traitements 

ont ete appliques selon la probabilite de legere infection. 

On a registre I'ejection d'ascospore a I'aide d'un appareil d'atrapper 

a electricite, et Ie degre de la chaleur et I'humidite relative de 

L'atmosphere al'aide d'un appareil de thermohygrographe. La Pluie a 

ete mesurfe par une pluviometre. 

Des essais ont ete faits a Demin§lk et a Ylldmm (Mersin) en 1983 et 

a Fmdlkpman (Mersin) en 1984 et 1985. 

Selon la methode d'instruction de Service Agricole on a fait 6 traiments 

en 1983; 5 traitements en 1984 et 6 traitements en 1985. 

Selon Ie systeme de prevision et d'avertissement on a fait 6 traitements 

en 1983, 2 traitements en 1984 et 4 traitements en 1985 

Les resultats defficacite des traitements sont dans Ie tableau 1. 

TABLEAU L Les Resultats D'Efficacite Des Traiments 

~ 

Endroit et 

Annee 

Demin§lk, 1983 

Ylldmm, 983 

Fmdrkpman, 1984 

Fmdlkpman, 1985 

Efficacite (%) 

Selon Ie Methode d'lnstruc- Selon Ie Systeme ve Previ· 

tion de Service Agricole 

sion et d'Avertisement. 

Feuilles Fruits Feuilles Fruits 

87,50 

90.80 

79.44 

74.63 

87.75 

88.20 

93.70 

94.75 

92.30 

88.30 

79.26 

80.12 

54.34 

90.90 

91.30 

76.92 

En 1985, Selon Ie systeme de prevision et d'Avertissement, des 

traitements ont ete retardes 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO ADANA 

168

ELMA AGACLARINDA ZARAR YAPAN 

ELMA KARALEKESi 

(VENTURIA INAEQUALIS (CKE.) WINT.) 

MOCADELESiNDE TAHMiN VE 

UYARI SiSTEMiNiN GELi~TiRiLMESi VE 

UYGULANMASI OZERiNE ARA~TIRMALAR 

 

Osman

Mills tablosuna gore 1982 Yllmda 8, 1983 Yllmda 33, 1984'q,e 40, 

1985 yilmda 45 adet enfeksiyon peryodu olmu§tur, Bunlara kar§lltk 

tesadOf bloklanna gore a

INVESTIGATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND 

APPLICATION OF FORECASTING AND WARNING 

SYSTEM IN THE CONTROL OF 

APPLE SCAB (VENTURIA INAEQUALIS (CKE.) 

WINT.) CAUSING DAMAGE TO APPLE TREES 

Osman GAKIR* 

Satih CEYLAN' 

In Turkey, presently chemical control of apple scab program based 

on phenology is being used with 3 to 7 applications (TOrkoglu, 1978). 

Even in some years the number of applications may be increased. 

Mills and Laplante (1954) have been establistled that the occurence 

of an apple scab infection needs a certain penod dl,,~ring which the 

leaves should remain wet at a certain temparature. Hence this study 

has been initiated for the purpose of reducing the number of applications, 

besides determining the critical periods for spraying to establih a 

control program in this country. 

TOrkoglu (1978) recorded that under the central Anatolia conditions 

if in January the mean temperature is above 3 Co and the total temparature 

at or above 95°C that will not be an epidemic year of apple 

scab and the disease will remain under the threshold, in such years 

foliage spraying against ttle disease is not needed. Under our regional 

conditions his findings have investigated taking into consideration 

these temperatures in December, January, February and March. Tile 

results showed that disease index based on 0-4 scale developed by 

TOrkoglu (1956) remained above 2 (50% disease incidence), though 

the monthly mean temperature remained above 3 Co in these months. 

This case was almost the same in Amasya and Tokat. It seems that 

our findings are not accord with those of TOrkoglu. 

The results showed that perithecia attained maturity on March 30in 

the first year, on March 23 in the second year, on February 23 in the 

third year and on March 18 in the fourth year. Ascospore flight period 

indicated by the ground slides during the four years were 78, 71" 1 02 

and 83 days respectively, while it was 59, 79 and 61 days (with the 

exception of data for the first year) based on spore trap data. Maximum 

ascospore flight was occurred beetween April 4 and May 3 in 

1983, April 1 and April 16 in 1984, April 19 and May 17 in 1985. In 

the experimental orchard containing tree apple verieties, namely A 

• Karadeniz Tanmsal Ara§tlrma Enstitusu·SAMSUN 

171

masya Misket, Starking and Golden Delicious, the early bud burst was 

occurred between april 1 and April 9 in 1982, March 21 and March 28 

in 1983. February 20 and March 30 in 1984 and March 25 and April 7 

in 1985. 

It is determined by Mills Table that in the years of 1982, 1983, 

1984 and 1985; 8,33,40 and 45 in infection periods occurred. The 

field trials based on these infection periods in the above mentioned 

years were made using randemized block experimental design. According 

to the warning system based on infection periods 4 spraying 

were made in 1982; 4 in 1983; 4 in 1984 and 6 in 1985. The products 

gave 71.8%, 74.3%, 99.3% and 79.2% efficacy respectively. while 

those made based on "grower's protectant schedule" with 6, 7, 6 and 

7 sprayirigs respectively gave 75.4%, 91.8%, 99.6% and 85.2% control 

respectively. The 4 sprayings made based on combination of assurance 

and warning in 1984 and 1985gave 97.4% and 64.3% efficacy 

respectiveIy. 

The number of spraying made based on the meteorological conditions 

favorable for the development and biology of the fungus and the 

observations on the phenology of the trees in forecasting and warning 

system was lesser than that made based on "growers protectant schedule". 

The results obtained were satisfactory. In our opinion these results 

will be more satifactory in the practice, since in a certain infection 

period the suitable products will be choosen taking into consideration 

the different factors. The results showed that in the Black Sea Region, 

especially on the coastal area satisfactory control of the disease was 

achieved by the reduced number of sprayings (by 1 to 2 applications) 

in the forecasting and warning system. 

172

KARADENiz BOLGESiNDE ELMA KARALEKESi 

(VENTURIA INAEQUALIS ) 

(CKE.) WINT.)'NE KAR$I iLAQ DENEMESi 

Necati ALTINYAY' SALiH CEYLAN* Osman

EGE BOLGESiNDE ELMA AGA

ELMA AGA

INVESTIGATIONS ON DEVELOPING AND 

APPLICATION OF THE SYSTEM FOR 

FORECASTING IN CONTROLLING APPLE SCAB 

DISEASE (VENTURIA INAEQUALIS (CKE.) WINT.) 

H.Avni VUROl" HOdaver CO!KUN' Kemal BENLiOGLU' 

Meral GURER' 

In this investigation, the classical apple-scab control method was 

compared with forecasting control method during the years 1982 

1985. The forecasting treatments were based on plant phenology, 

temperature and leaf wetness periods. 

The trials were carried out on Amasya apple variety in the Institute 

orchard in 1982-1983. Thermohygraph equipment was used in this experiment. 

Whereas, leaf-wetness recorder (Dawitt) was used in the experiments 

which were set out in Qubuk and AtatOrk Forest Farm with 

Starking variety in 1984-1985. Data of leaf-watness period and temperature 

were recorded by leaf-wetness recarder. These data were evaluated 

according to Mills and Laplante (1954) scale and the infection 

periods were determined. Then, at the end of determined periods, 

systemic and semi-systemic fungicides were applied. Positive results 

were obtained from these applications. In the classical method, the 

chemicals were applied four times against apple-scab in 1984-1985; 

whereas in the forecasting method, the chemicals were applied twice 

in the same years. 

The effects in 1984 were averaged 82.79 % for the classic method 

and 86.06 % for forecasting method. Also, the effects in 1985 were 

averaged 89.42 % and 96.15 % respectively . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsQ·ANKARA 

176

EGE SOLGESiNDE ELMALARDA DEPO 

CURUKLUKLERiNE KAR$I 

iLAC DENEMESi 

S.Tank DEMiR* 

AyWI SARIBAy* 

1983-1985 yilian araslnda Ege Bolgesinde depo

CHEMICEL EXPERIMENTS AGAINST 

STORE-HOUSE DECAYS ON 

APPLES IN AEGEAN REGION 

S. Tank DEMiR* Aytlil SARIBAy* 

Between the years of 1983 and 1985. the study was carried out to 

determine the suitable fungicide aplication time and the effective fungicides 

against decays on apples in store-houses When harveststorage 

with technical application was compared with harvest storage 

under producer conditions, it was seen that the apples on the control 

were not sufficiently decay to applicate fungicide (2.71-3.83 % in cold 

store-house, 8.43-11.29 % in producer's store-house). 

Before harvesting apples, doing cultural process carefully, determination 

of suitable harvest time and doing of suitable technic ·of harvest-storage 

prevent decays on apples. 

It was found that physiological disorders caused losses and fungal 

decays and that fungal decays grew on them. 

From this data, it came to conclusion that fungicide application 

needn't against decays on apples in store-houses . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitosO Bornova-izMiR 

178

OATA ANADOLU SOLGESiNDE ELMA 

AGAQLAAINDA KLOAOZA KAA~I iLAQ DENEMESi 

Maral GURER* 

Kamal BENLiOGLU* 

Ruhsat amaclyla gonderilen Sequestrene 138 Fe 100 SG ilacl, 

1984 ylimda Polatll-A:]aglyurtt;:u mevkiinde elrnalarda kloroza kar~1 denemeye 

almml§tlr. Deneme, tesadOf bloklan deneme desenine gore, 

her a9a

KA VSILARDA

L'ESSAI DES PRODUfTS CHIMIQUES CONTRE 

LA MALADIE DE MONOLIA FLORALE (SCLEROTINIA 

LAXA (EHR.) SACC.) DE L'ABRICOTIER 

Necmettin DiN(* Kenan lURAN' Sabiha lOKGONOV 

En 1985, Les Produits chimiques de Rovral (Iprodion 50), de Korprex 

(Dodine 65), de Ronilan (Vinclosoline 50), en comparaison de Derosal 

(Carbendazim 57,6) et de Pomarsol Forte (Thiram 80), de nouveau, 

en 1986, en Comparaison de Derosal et de Dithane-Z-78 (Zineb 

65), ont ete essayes contre la maladie de Monilia florale de I'abricatier 

a Mut (ic;:el). . 

Les essais ont ete conduits, en trois repetitions (3 abricotiers dans 

chaque parcelle) dans des blocs hasardeux, dans un verger qui contient 

des especes Tokaloglu de I'abricotier. Les Traitements ont ete 

faits deux fois, I'un dans la periode ou les fleurs se sont epanuises, 1 

2%, et I'autre 100%. 

A la dose de 150 g. de Rovral, 90g de Korprex, 100 9 de Ronilan, 

75 9 de Derosal, 300 g. Pomarsol Forte et Dithane-Z-78 (dans 100 1. 

de I'eau) ont ete pulverises aux abricotier. on a obtenu I'efficacite de 

86,23 et 88,15 % et Rovral, 22,67 et 69,18 % de Korprex, 34,81 et 

78,93 de Ronilan 99,19 et 97.00 % de Derosal, 52,63 % de Pomarsol 

Forte et 80,02 % de Dithane-Z-78. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO·ADANA 

181

AKDENiz BOLGESiNDE BAG KOLLEMESi 

(UNCINULA NECA TOR (SCHWEIN.) BURR.) 

HASTALiGINA KAR$I EN UYGUN MOCADELE 

METODUNUN TESBiTi OZERiNDE 

ARA$TIRMALAR 

Kenan TURAN* Necmettin DiNQ* Sebiha TOKGONOL* 

ilac;iamalar %05 Ilk Islanabilir kUkUrt (Super Solor 73) ile yapllml§ ve 

Uc; programda gen;:ekle§tirilmi§tir; 1) Zirai MOcadele Teknik Talimatma 

gore: ilk ilac;lama sOrgOnler 20-30 cm'ye ula§tlgl zaman yap:iiTIl§tlr. 2) 

OzOm danelerinin iriligine gore: ilk ilaglama danenin en kOgOk sac;ma 

iriligine ula§tlgl zaman yapllml:;;tlL 3) KOlemenin belirtisine gore: ilk 

ilaglama hastallgm ilk belirtisi gorOldOgO zaman yapllml§tlr. 

Sirinci programa gore yapllan 5 ilaglamayla Arpac;sakarlar'da (Mersin) 

% 91.19; Akdam'da (Mersin) % 93.11 ve Sanc;ukur'da (K.Mara:;;) 4 

ilaglamaslYla % 92.24 oranlannda etki elde edilmi§tir. 

ikinci programa gore 3 ilac;lamayla Arpagsakarlar'da (Mersin) 

%87.76; Akdam'da (Mersin) %83.15 ve Sangukur'da (K.Mara:;;) % 

96.54 oranlannda etki elde edilmi§tir. 

OC;OncO programa gore iki Ilaglamayla Arpac;sakarlar'da (Mersin) 

%81.16 Akdam'da (Mersin) % 75.23 ve Sangukur'da (K.Mara§) 3 

ilaglamayla % 91.22 oranlarmda etki elde edilmi§tir. 

* Zirai Mucadele Ara§tlrma EnstitUsu-ADANA 

182

DES TRAVAILLES SUR LA METHODE DE LUTTE 

LA PLUS CONVENABLE CONTRE L'OIDIUM 

(UNCINULA NECATOR) (SCHWEIN.) 

BURR.) DE LA VIGNE DANS LA REGION DE LA 

MEDITERRANEENNE. 

Kenan TURAN* Necmettin DiN9* Sebiha TOKGONUL' 

Des traitemantsta ont eteofaits avec Ie souffre moui!lable de 05 % 

(Su er Solor 73) et realise dans trois programmes: selon I'instruction 

de ervice agricole: La premiere pulverisation a ete faite quand la longueur 

des Serments est de 20-30 em. 2) Selon la grandeur des grains 

du raisin. La premiere pulverisation a ete faite quand Ie grain est 

arrive au grandeur de plus petit plomb de chasse. 3) Selon Ie symptom 

d'Oidium. Quand Ie premier symptom de la maladie s'est apercois 

la pulverisation a ete faite 

Pour la premiere programme, I'efficacite destraitements est 91.9% 

(pour 5 pulverisations) a Arpac;sakarlar (Mersin); 93.11 % (Pour 5 

pulverisations) a Akdam (Mersin) et 92.94 % (pour 4 pulverisations) a 

Sar gukur (K.Mara~). 

Pour la deuxieme programme, I'efficacite des traitements est 87.6% 

(pour 3 pUlverisations) a Arpagsakarlar (Mersin), 83,15% (3 pUlveri sations) 

a Akdam (Mersin) et 96.54 (3 pUlverisations) a Sangukur 

(K.Mara~). 

Pour Ie troisieme programme I'efficacite des traitements est 81.6 % 

(2 pUlverisations) a Arpac;sakarlar (Mersin), 75.23 % a Akdam (Mersin) 

et 91.22 % (3 pQlverisations) aSangukur (K.Mara~), 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstOtOsO-ADANA 

183

D. ENDUSTRI VE SUS BITKILERI 

HASTALIKLARI 

INDUSTRIAL AND ORNAMENTAL 

PLANT DISEASES

EGE BOLGESiNDE iKiNCi URUN EKiM 

ALANLARINDA GORULEN BAKTERivEL 

HASTALlKLAR UZERiNDE ARA$TIRIVIALAR 

Mehmet GUNDOGDU' 

GonUl DEMiR* 

Bu gail!ma, izmir, Aydm ve Manisa illeri ikinei OrOn mlslr, susam ve 

soya ekim alanlannda gorOlen bakteriyel hastallk etmenlerinin, yOzde 

oranlannm, yaYIII! alanlannm ve patojenisitelerinin saptanmasl ve adl 

gegen illerde gorevli teknik elemanlara soz konusu bitkilerde 

kar!lla!llabilecek bakteriyel hastallklann tanltllmasl gayesi ile 1983 

1985 Yilian araslnda yOrOtolmO!tor. 

Temmuz-EylOI 1983 tarihleri arasmda gen;;ekle!tirilen surveyde 

Aydm'da 74 izmir'de 100 ve Manisa'da 68 soya, susam ve mlSlr tarlasl 

incelenmi!tir. Agustos-EylOI 1984 tarihleri arasmda ise Aydln'da 93, 

izmir'de 92 ve Manisa'da toplam 115 soya, susam ve mlSlr tarlasl gezilmi!tir. 

1983-1984 Yillannda ikinei OrOn susam ve mlSlr ekili! alanlarmdan 4 

susam ve 3 mlSlr izolatl elde edilmi!tir. Yapllan patojenisite 

gail!malannda Og mlSlr izolatlnln patojen olmadlQI ve 4 susam izolatmtn 

iki izolatl susamda belirti vermi!tir. 

Susamdan izole edilen ve patojenligi saptanan iki izolat ile yapllan 

biyokimyasal test gall!malan sonuglan literatorde kaYltl1 (Pseudomonas 

syringae pv. sesami'nin (Malkoff) Dye & wilkie) ozellikleri ile 

tam bir benzerlik gostermektedir. 

Yapllan biyokimyasal test gall!malan sonueuna gore kOltorel 

ozellikleri aynl olan Manisa ve Aydln'dan izole edilen iki susam isolatlnm 

P.syringaepv. sesami olabileeegi kanlsma vanlml!tlr. 

Susam, mlSlr ve soya fasulyesi bakteri hastallklanmn tanltilmasl 

amaci ile de enstitomOzde teorik, arazide ise uygulamall egitim 1983 

YIII Haziran aymda yapllmJ!tlL 

* Zirai MOeadele Ara~tlrma EnstitosO Bornova·IZMIR 

187

INVESTIGATION ON THE BACTERIAL DISEASES 

ENCOUNTERED IN THE SECOND CROP FIELDS 

IN AEGEAN REGION 

Mehmet GONDOGDU' 

Gonul DEMiR' 

Survey studies were carried out between the years of 1983-1985 in 

Izmir, Aydm and Manisa provinces second crop frelds of corn, sesame 

and soya beans in order to find out the bacterial disease agents. 

Between the months of july-September 1983 total 74, 100 and 68 

corn, soya bean and sesame fields were examined in Aydm. Izmir and 

Manisa provinces respectively. These figures were 93 fields for Aydin, 

92 fields for Izmir and 115 fields for Manisa in August-September 

1984. 

In 1983 and 1984; 4 isolates from sesame and 3 isolates from corn 

fields were found. Two isolates out of 4 sesame isolates were found to 

be pathogen but nine of the corn isolates were pathogen. The two sesame 

are determined to be same as Pseudomonas syringae pv. 

sesami. 

• Zirai Mucadeli Ara§tlrma EnstitOsu Bornova-IZMIR 

188

. EGE SOLGESiNDE IKINCi URUN SOYA VE 

SUSAM EKiM ALANLARINDA GORULEN FUNGAL 

HASTALlKLAR OZERiNdE ARA$TIRMALAR 

Ayhan KARCILIOGLU' Ernin ONAWMahdurne ESENTEPE* Ernel SEZGiw 

Bu ara§tlrma ile 1983-1985 Yillannda Ege Bolgesinde izmir, Manisa 

ve Aydin illerinde ikinci OrOn olarak ekimi yapllan Susam ve Soya bitkilerinde 

gorOlen hastallklar, yaprak leke hastallklanndan izole edilen 

bazl funguslann patojenisitileri ve ekimi yapllan susam ge§itlerinin 

Macrophomina phaseoli (Maubl.) Ashby'ye duyarllilklan saptanml§tlr. 

Survey 1983-1984 yillannda bitkilerin fide ve 9igekkapsOI 

donemlerinde olmak Ozere iki kez yapllml§tlr. 

Susamda fide doneminde 90kerten (%0.3 ve % 3.5) oranlannda 

saptanml§ttr. Hastallkll bitkilerden M.phaseoli, Fusarium spp., and 

the Alternaria spp., Aspergillus spp., Rhizoctonia solani, 

Chaetomium sp., Nigrospora sp., Curvularia sp., izole edilmi§tir. 

Gigek-kapsOI doneminde Cercospora yaprak lekesi sadece 1983 

Yllinda % 1 oranmda butunabilmi§tir. KOlieme hastahgma (Oidium 

erysiphoides Fr.) ise % 7.4 ve % 4.8 oranlannda rastlamlml§tlr. 

Gigek-kapsOI doneminde rastlanllan diger bir hastallk da farkh etmenlerin 

neden oldugu yaprak ve kapsOI leke hastallklandlr. Hastallkh 

orneklerden Alternaria, A.sesami,Fusarium, M.phaseoli, Cladosporium 

sp., Helminthosporium spp., Curvularia, Chaetmium, 

Epicoccum, Stemphylium ve Phoma genuslanna ait 

tarler izole edilmi§tir. Bu funguslarla yapllan patojenisite testlerinde M. 

phaseoli, A.sesami, Alternaria, Phoma ve Helminthosporium 

funguslan yaprakta ve kapsOlierde hastallk belirtileri 

gostermi§lerdir. 

Susam'da en slk M.phaseo/i'nin neden oldugu kok ve govde 

90rOkierine rasttam!ml§tlr. Hastallk 1983 de % 6:3, 1984 de % 8.0 

oranlannda bulunmu§tur. Bolgede ekimi yaplian Muganh-57, Ozbek 

82, T-39724 ve Golmarmara ge§itleri ile M.phaseoli ye kar§1 yapllan 

duyarllhk testlerinde bOtOn ge§itler duyarll bulunmu§tur. 

Susam'da Verticillium ve Fusarium solgunluk hastahklan da 

saptanml§tl r. Hastallk oranlan % 1-2 dir. 

Soya'da ise fide doneminde 90k az oJanda 90kerten g6rOlmO§tar. 

Hastallkh bitkilerden R.solani, Alternaria spp., Aspergillus sp., 

Myrothecium sp., ve Fusarium spp. izole edilmi§tir. Gigek-bakla 

doneminde rastlamlan hastallklar ise Soya pasl (Phakopsora pachyrhizi 

H. and P.sndow) ve Kok bogazl 90rOkIOgO (M.phaseoli) 

hastallQldlr. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO Bornova·IZMIR . 

189

The study was carried out in izmir, Manisa and Aydin in the negean 

Region between the years of 1983-1985. Some fungi, which cause 

root-rot, stem-rot and leaf-spot, were isolated from soybean and sesame 

grown as a second crop. Pathogenicities of these fungi were tested 

and the susceptibility of some seame varieties was determined 

against Macrophomina phaseo/i (Maubl.) Ashby. 

Survey was carried out during 1983 and 1984 at both seedling and 

flowering-pod stages. 

On seame at seedling stage, damping-off was 0,3-3,5 %, 

. M.phaseoli, Fusarium spp, Alternaria spp, Aspergillus spp, 

Rhizoctonia solani, Chaetomium sp., Nigrospora sp. and 

Curvularia sp., were isolated from the diseased plants. 

At flowering-pod stage, Cercospora leaf spot was 1 % in only 1983. 

Powdery-mildew (Oidium erysiphoides Fr.) was 4,8-7,4 %. At this 

stage, it was also found that leaf-spot and pod-spot caused by various 

fungi occurred. Alternaria spp., A.sesami, Fusarium spp., 

M.phaseoli, Cladosporium sp., Helminthosporium spp., Curvalaria 

sp., Chaetomium sp., Epicoccum spp., Stemphylium 

sp. and Phoma sp., were isolated from the diseased plants. From the 

pathogenicity tests with these fungi, it followed that M.phaseoli, 

A.sesami Alternaria spp., and Helminthosporium spp., caused 

disease on leaf and pod. 

INVESTIGATIONS ON FUNGAL DISEASES OF 

SOYBEAN AND SESAME GROWN AS A SECOND 

CROP IN THE AEGEAN REGION 

Ayhan KARCILIOGLU' Ernin ONAN* Mahdurne ESENTEPE' 

Ernel SEZGiN* 

Root and stem rot caused by M.phaseoli on sesame occurred 

mostly. The disease was 6,3 % in 1983 and 8,0 % in 1984. Muganll 

57, Ozbek 82, 7-39724 and G61marmara varieties were tested against 

M.phaseoU and they were found to be sensitive. 

Verticillium and Fusarium wilt were also found on sesame. Their 

rates were 1-2% 

Soybean at seedling stage, it was seen a few damping off. 

R.so/ani, Alternaria spp., Aspergillus sp., Myrothecium sp., 

and Fusarium spp. were isolated from the diseased plants. At flowering-pod 

stage, soybean-rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi H.and 

P.sndow) and charcoal rot (M.phaseoll) occured . 

• Zirai Mocadele Ara~llrrna EnstitOsO Bornova-IZMIR 

190

E. SUBTROpiKAL BiTKi 

HAST ALlKLARI 

SUBTROPICAL PLANT DISEASES

TURUNCGiLLERDE PHYTOPHTHORA 

CITROPHTHORA (SM.CT SM.) Leon.'un NEDEN 

OLDUGU GOVDE ZAMKLANMASI HASTALIGINA 

KAR$I MUCADELE OLANAKLARI OZERiNDE 

ARA$TIRMALAR. 

Necmettin DiNG' Kenan TURAN' Sebiha TOKGONOL* 

Deneme bir limon bahgesinde agllarak uygulamalar 4/10/1983; 171 

111984 ve 7/3/1985 tarihlerinde gergekle§tirilmi§tir. 

Uygulamalar a§aglda verilmi§tir. 

1. Zamklanml§ yaralann kazmmasl. 

2. Zamklanml§ yaralann kazmmasl ve a§1 macunu sOrOlmesi. 

3. Zamklanml§ yaralann kazmmasl ve primOs alevi ile 30-40 cm mesafeden 

yakllarak dezenfekte edilmesi. 

4. Zamklanml§ yaralann kazmmasl ve primOs alevi ile dezenfekte 

edilmesinden sonra a§1 macunu ile kapatllmasl. 

5. Zamklanml§ yaralann kazmmasl, K2Mn04 (%03) sOnJlmesi. 

6. Zamklanml§ yaralann kazmmasl ve 30-40 cm'den PrimOs alevi ile 

yakllmasmdan sonra K2M n04 (% 03) sOrOlerek a§1 macunu ile 

kapatllmasl. 

7. Zamklanml§ yaralann kazmmasl ve 20 Triphenyltin acetate (Brestan, 

% 01) sOrOlmesi. 

8. Zamklanml§ yaralann kazmmasl ve Captofol (Orthodipholatan % 

02) sOrOlmesi. 

9. Zamklanml§ yaralann kazmmasl ve Captan 50 (Orthocide 50 % 

03) sOrOlmesi. 

10. Zamklanml§ yaralann kazmmasl ve bordo buiamaci (% 2) 

sOrOlmesi. 

11. Zamklanml§ yaralann kazmmasl ve 25 cc Citowett (yapl§tlrlcl) 

kan§tmlml§ K2Mn04 (% 03) sOrOlmesi. 

12. Zamklanml§ yaralann kazmmasl 25 cc Citowett (yapl§tlrlcl) 

kan§tmlml§ 20 Triphenyltin acetate (Brestan % 03) sOrOlmesi. 

13. Yaralann kazmmasl ve 25 cc Citowett kan§tlrllml§ Captan 50 

(Orthocide 50) sOnJlmesi. 

14. Zamklanml§ yaralann kazmmasl ve 25 cc Citowett (yapl§tlncl) 

kan§ttrilml§ bordo buiamaci (% 2) sOrQlmesi. 

Yapllan bu uygulamalar sonunda slraslyla §u sonuglar elde edilmi§tir. 

% 0; % 0; % 91.6; % 100; % 41.6; % 100; % 25.0; % 8.3; % 

16.6; % 66.6; % 50.0; % 33.3; % 33.3; % 75.0 . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara!.1tlrma EnstitOsO-ADANA 

193

DES RECHERCHES SUR LES POSSIBILITES DE 

LUTTE CONTRE LA GOMMOSE DU COLLET 

D'AGRUMES CAUSE PAR PHYTOPHTHORA 

CITROPHTHORA (SM.ET SM.) LEON. 

Necmettin uiN«* Kenan lURAN* Sebiha lOKGONOL* 

L'essai a ete faite dans un verger de citronnier. Les Applications 

ont ete realisees en 4/10/19483; 17/1/1984 et 7/311984. 

Les Applications S~nt les suivantes; 

1. Gratter des cicatrices de gommose du collet 

2. Gratter des cicatrices de gommose du collet et Mettre du mastic 

a greff. 

3. Gratter des cicatrices de gommose du collet et desinfecter avec 

la flamme d'un appareil a feu de loin de 30-40 cm. 

4. Gratter des cicatrices de gommose du collet et desinfecter avec 

Ie flamme d'un appereil a feu de loin de 30-40 em et mettre du mastic 

a greff 

5. Gratter des cicatrices de gommose du coliet et mettre de 

K2Mn04 (03 %) 

6. Gratter des cicatrices de gommose du collet et mettre de 

K2Mn04 (03 %) et du mastic a greff. 

7. Gratter des cicatrices de gommose du coliet et Mettre de 20 Triphenyltin 

acetate (Brestan, 01 %) 

8. Gratter des cicatrices de gommose du collet et Mettre de Captafol 

(02 % Orthodipholatan) 

9. Gratter des cicatrices de gommose du collet et Mettre du captan 

(03 % Orthocide 50) 

10. Gratter des cicatrices de gommose du collet et Mettre de la 

bouillie bordolaise (2 %) 

11. Gratter des cicatrices de gommose du collet et K2Mn04 (03 %) 

mele de 25 cc de Citowett (comme callant) 

12. Gratter des cicatrices de gommose du collet et Mettre de 20 

Triphenyltin acetate (Brestan 01 %) meh§ de 25 cc de Cittowett 

(Comme callant). 

13. Gratter des cicatrices de gommose du collet et Mettre de Captan 

50 (Orthocide 50;03 %) mele de 25 cc Citowetta (collant). 

14. Gratter des cicatrices de gommose du collet et Mettre de fa 

bouillie bordolaise (2 %) mel€l de 25 cc Cittowett (comme collant) 

A fa fin de ces applications r€lalisees ond €lte obtenu ces resultats 

suivaites par ordre: 

0%; 0 %; 91.6 %; 100 %; 41.6 %; 100 %; 25.0 %; 8.3 %; 16.6 %; 

66.6 %; 50.0 %; 33.3 %; 33.3 %; 75.0 %; 

* llral MucaaereAra§tlrma EnstitOsO-ADANA 

194

DOGU KARADENiz 80LGESi C;AY 

(CAMELIA SINENSIS L.) 

PLANTASYONLARINDA HASTALIK OLU~TURAN 

ETMENLERiN TESPiTi OZERiNDE ON 

C;ALI~MALAR 

 

Osman CAKIR* 

Salih CEYLAN" 

Qayllklanmlzda hangi hastallklann bulundugu, yay!lI! ve bulunu! 

oranlanmn ne oldugunu saptamak amaclyla yapml! oldugumuz 

gall!malarda; Yaprak lekesi (Guignardia camelliae (CKe.) Butl. 

(Colletotrichum cameiliae Mas see), Pesta/oUa theae 

Saw. ,phyllasticta sp.,Cercoseptoria theae (Cav.) Curzi},dallarda 

leke (Pesta/oUa theae Saw.,Phoma sp.), dal ve yapraklarda 

siyah fumajin (Cap(ll')dium sp., u.s.), dal ve yapraklarda san fumajin, 

Yllilk sOrgOn yapraklannda Kloroz, yapraklarda Odem hastahklan tesbit 

edilmi!tir. Aynca g6vde ve dallarda bOyOk olaslilkia Hypodermopsis 

theae Hara oldugu tahmin edilen bir fungusa da rastlanllml!tlr. 

Bunlann dl!lnda aynca Monochaetia nattrassii, Fusarium 

spp., Trichothecium sp., funguslan da tesbit edilmi!tir. 

Bu etmenlerden Capnodium sp. Olkemizde gaylar Ozerinde 

taraflmlzdan ilk deta tesbit edilmi!tir. 

Rize, Trabzon, Artvin, Giresun illerinde yaprak lekesi slraslyla % 15, 

24.7, 16.6, 20 oranmda, dalda Pesta/otia %5, 11.4, 5.3, 12 

oranmda, san fumajin 8.2, 14.9, 0.6, 1 oranmda, siyah fumajin % 0.4, 

7.2, 0.2 oranmda, Kloroz % 7.9, 6.9, 9, 10 oramnda saptanml!tlr. 

Tesbit edilen hastallklann bOyOk gogunlugu diger gay yeti!tirilen 

Olkelerde yaygm olan hastaliklardlr. Bunlar gayda 3. ve 4. derecede 

6nemli hastallklardlr. Bu sebeple gayllklar igin 6nemli bir tehlike arzetmiyecegi 

kanlsmdaYlz. 

* Karadeniz Tanmsal Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO SAMSUN 

195

PREliMiNARY STUDIES ON THE 

DETERMINATION OF AGENTS 

CAUSING DISEASES IN THE TEA 

(CAMELIA SINENSIS L.) 

PLANTATIONS IN THE EASTERN BLACK SEA 

REGION OF TURKEY 

Osman QAKIR* 

Salih CEYLAN* 

The Studies to determine the diseases and their distribution and incidence 

in tea plantations in Turkey revealed the existance of loaf 

spot (Guignardia camelliae (Cke.) But!., (Colletotrichum camelliae 

Massee), Pesta/otia theae Saw., Phyllosticta sp., Cercoseptoria 

theae (Cav.) Curzi), Branch spot (Pesta/otia theae 

Saw., Phoma sp.), Black fumagine on branches and leaves (Capnodium 

sp., etc.). Yellow fumagine on branches and leaves, Chlorosis 

on one year old shoot leaves, Cedema on leaves, Besides a suspected 

fungus which may be Hypodermopsis theae Hara has been 

observed on them and branches. 

In addition to these fungi Monochaetia nattrassii, Fusarium 

spp., Trichothecium sp., have been found. 

Among these causal agents Capnodium sp. has been recorded 

for the first time on tea plants in Turkey by us. 

In Rize, Trabzon, Artvin and Giresun provinces, the incidence of 

leaf spot was 15%, 24.7%, 16.6%, and 20% respectively, Pesta/oUa 

on branches was 5%, 11.4%, 5.3%, and 12%; Yellow fumagine 8.2%, 

14.9%,0.6% and 1%; Black fumagine 0.4%,7.2%,0.0% and 2% and 

Chlorosis 7.9%,6.9%,8% and 10%. 

Most of the diseases that have been determined in this study are 

common in the other tea producing countries. These tea diseases 

rank third or fourth in importance. Therefore, it appear unlikely that 

they don't threat the tea plantations in Turkey. 

* Karadeniz Tanmsal Arm;tlrma EnstitOsu-SAM8UN 

196

YABANCIOTLAR 

WEEDS

ORTA ANADOLU BOLGESi BUGDAY 

TARLALARINDA GOROLEN 

YABANCIOTLARA KAR$' iLAQ DENEMESi 

Metin KURGMAN* Baki TA$TAW Ahmet ERCi!* 

Oeneme 1982 Yllmda Haymana'da Ziraat FakOltesi Oeneme 

giftliginde yOrOtOlmO:;;tOr. 

Oeneme tesadOf bloklarr deneme desenine gore 4 tekrarll 

dOzenlenmi:;;tir. Parsel alam 2x 12.5= 25 metrekare allnml:;;tlr. Oenemede 

flat-fen me me tipli el pOlverizatorO kullanllml:;;tlr. 

Herbisjt dozlannrn yabanclotlar ve kOltor bitkisine etkjleri 1-9 (AYAK) 

skalaslna gore saptanml:;;tlr. 

Glean 75 OF nin hekrara 10-15-20 g'llk dozlan: 

1. Bugdayrn karde:;;leme ba:;;langlcl (23.3.1982) 

2. Bugdayrn karde:;;leme devresi (7.4.1982) 

3. Bugdayrn karde:;;lenme sonu (20.4.1982) 

olmak Ozere 3 geli§me devresinde uygulanml:;;tlr. 

lVIukayese iiaci Hedonal izooktilester bugdaYln 3 geli:;;me devresinde 

hektara 1.5 I dozda denenmi:;;tir. 

Her devrede Glean 750F'nin dozlan ve mukayese jiaci Convolvulus 

galaticus'a % 38.0 orantnda yetersiz etki gostermi:;;tir. 

Her devrede Glean 75 OF nin 3 dozu ve mukayes.e iiaci denemedeki 

yabanci otiara kar§l %86.0-100 oranrnda yaterli etki gostermi:;;tir. 

Glean 75 OF nin hektara 10 g'llk dozu denemedeki yabanci otlardan; 

Boreava orientalis (sarrot), Centaurea depressa (gokba§), 

Wiedemania orientalis (bait I baba). Uthospermum arvense 

(ta:;;kesen), Alyssum campestre (kuduzoturye kar:;;1 % 97.7-100 

oranmda yeterli etki gostermi:;;tir, Bugdayrn karde:;;leme devresi 

ba:;;langlcmda hektara 10 9 doz'un adl gegen yabanclotlara kar:;;l 

sOrekli bug day ekilen alanlarda onerilebilecegi kanlsrna vanlml:;;tlr. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitosO-ANKARA 

199

Glean 75 OF'nin bugdayda uygulanmasmdan sonra, ilacm kahn!1 

durumunun mOnavebe bitkileri Ozerindeki etkileri ara§tlrllml§tIL 1985 

Yllinda Eski§ehir Zirai Ara§tlrma EnstiWsO deneme tarlasmda 

bugdayda hektara 10-15-20 9 Glean 75 OF uyguanan yerlere 1986 

yilmda mercimek, nohut, kimyon ve ay

CHEMICAL TRIALS AGAINST WEEDS IN WHEAT 

FIELDS IN CENTRAL 

ANATOLIA REGION 

Melin KUR9MAN* Baki TA$TAW Ahmel ERCi!* 

Trials were carried out in Haymana (Ankara) in 1982. Experiments 

we'e arranged in randomized block design of four replicates with plots 

of 25 sq.m. Hand pulverizat6r of 2 litres with flat-fen nozzle was used 

with an estimatition of 500 I of water per hectare. 

The effect of the herbicides on weeds and crop was evaluated by 

1-9 EWRC scale. 

Glean 75 OF, at the rates of 10,15 and 20 g/ha as applied at three 

different development stages of wheat as following: 

1. At the beginning of tillering (23.3.1982). 

2. At the mid of tillering (7.4.1982) 

3. At the end of tillering (20.4.1982). 

Reference chemical Hedonal isoctylester was applied at the rate of 

1.5 I/ha at the same stages. 

Both chemicals at the mentioned rates and application stages were 

found to be sufficiently effective by 86-100 % against Boreava 

orientalis, Centaurea depressa, Wiedemania orientalis, 

Lithospermum arvense and Alyssum campestre, and insuffi 

Ciently effective by 38 % against Convolvulus galaticus. 

Residual effects of Glean 75. OF on rotative crops like lentil, chickpea, 

caraway and sunflower were also studied and trials were set up 

in Eski§ehir Agricultural Research Institute in 19485-1986. Wheat growing 

plots of 25 sq.m. were treated with 10,15 or 20 g/ha Glean 75 

OF in 1985 spring and rottaive crops were sown to these plots in the 

next Spring. Experiments were arranged according to randomized 

block design with 3 replicates. 

Phytotoxic effects of the chemical as inhibiting emergence of the 

crop, chlorosis or deforming evaluated by 1-9 EWRC scale. 

Glean 75 DF was found to be phytotoxic at all application rates by 

14.0-38.2 % to lentil, by 2.8-23.3 to sunflower and caraway. At the 

rate of 10 g/ha, the chemical was slightly toxic to chickpea by 2,3 %. 

According to these results,· Glean 75 DF was found to be recommended 

at the rate of 10 g/ha, to be applied better at the beginning 

of tillering stage of wheat, but only for wheat + wheat of wheat + fallow 

fields. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tJrma EnstitosO-ANKARA 

201

ORTA ANADOLU BOLGESi BUGDAY 

TARLALARINDA GOROLEN GENi$ YAPRAKLI 

YABANCIOTLARA KAR$I PARDNER iLACININ 

DENENMESi 

Melin KUR«MAN* Baki TA9TAN* Ahmet ERCil* 

Deneme 1985 yllmda Ankara Aya§ il

CHEMICAL TRIALS WITH PARDNER AGAINST 

BROAD-LEAVED WEEDS IN WHEAT FIELDS IN 

CENTRAL ANATOLIA REGION 

Melin KUR9MAW Baki TA$TAW Ahmet ERCi$* 

Trials were carried out in Aya§-Yenikent Village (Ankara) in 1985. 

Experiments were arranged in randomized block design with four replicates, 

with plots of 20 m2. Hand pulverizator of 2 I was used with an 

estimatition of 500 I of water per hectare. 

The effects of herbicides on weeds and crop were evaluated by 1 

9 EWRC scale. 

Pardner at the rates of 1,0, 1.5 and 2,0 IIha and the reference 

chemical Agro-D Ester at the rate of 1.75 I/ha were applied at tillering 

stage of wheat (c.v. Bolal) and 5-6 leaf stage of weeds on 14,5,1985. 

Pardner was found to be sufficiently effective to the weeds in plots 

by 86.0-97,7 at both rates during observations. 

Pardner at the rate of 1,5 IIha was recommended against 8'Jreava 

orientalis, Centaurea depressa, Galium tricorne, Th/aspi 

arvense, Lamium spp., Geranium tuberosum and Adonis 

f1ammea in wheat fields for its sufficiently effect of 86.0-95.4 % and 

economic purposes, 

Reference chemical Agro-D ester was also sufficient in controlling 

above weeds by 86.6-97.7 except Galium tricorne by 76,7 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsQ·ANKARA 

203

ORTA ANADOLU BOLGESiNDE IGRAN - 80 ISIMLi 

HERBisiriN BAZI BUGDAY

STUDIES TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF 

THE HERBICIDE, IGRAN 80 WP, ON VARIOUS 

WHEAT CULTIVARS AND WEEDS 

Melin KURGMAW Saki TAlTAW Ahmet ERCil' 

Field trials were carried out it Polatll-Karakuyu Village (Ankara) and 

experimental field of Plant Protection Research Institute, also with 

greenhouse tests in pots, in 1985. 

Four wheat cu!tivar in Po!atl1, and 9 cultivar in th.e studies in Institute 

were included in trials. Experiments were arranged according to randomized 

block design with three replicates. Plots were 20 m2 in Polatli 

studies. and 5 m 2 in the studies in Institute. Following wheat sowing, 

Igran 80 was applied to the soil at the rates of 1.5, 2.0 kg/ha on 

17.10.1985 in Polath, and on 8.11.1985 in Institute experimental field. 

In greenhouse studies, 9 wheat cultivars were sown in pots of 15 

cm diam. as 10 seed per pot, on 3.4.1985 and Igran 80 was applied 

at the same rates mentioned above. 

In all trials, hand pulverizator of 2 I were used with an estimatition 

of 500 litre of water per hectar. 

Effect of the herbicide on wheat varieties and weeds was evaluated 

by 1-9 EWRC scale. 

Igran 80, at the rates of 1.5 and 2.0 kg/ha, were found insuficient 

against the narrow-and broad-leaved weeds in the trial by 38.0-76.7 

%. It was not found phytotoxic to tested wheat varieties. Since it was 

failed to control the weeds in plots and had potential phytotoxic effects 

related with the environmental conditions and soil texture, this 

chemical was concluded not to be recommended in wheat fields . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitosO-ANKARA 

205

ORTA ANADOLU MISIR TARLALARINDA 

SORUN OLAN YABANCIOTLARA KAR$I PARDNER 

iLACININ DENENMESi 

Metin KURGMAN' Saki TA$TAN' Ahmet ERCi$' 

Deneme 1986 Yllmda Ankara, Polatil ilgesi IIlca kbyO gift

CHEMICAL TRIALS WITH PARDNER AGAINST 

WEEDS IN MAIZE 

FIELD IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA REGION 

Melin KUR9MAW Baki TA$TAN' Ahmet ERCi$' 

Trials were carried out in Polath-Ihca Village (Ankara) in 1986. Experiments 

were arranged in randomized block design with four replicates 

with polts of 20 sq. m. Holder hand pulverizator of 2 litres was used 

with an estimatition of 500 Litre of water per hectare. 

The effect of the herbicides on weeds an Crop was evaluated by 1 

9 EWRC Scale. 

Pardner and the reference chemical, Agro-D amin, were aplied on 

May 28 th, 1986, When the crop was 2-4, the weeds were 5-6 leaf 

stage. 

Pardner at the rate of 1.25 L/ha was fou nd sufficient to control Si· 

napis arvensis and Chenopodium album by 86 % effects and 

insufficient to control Alhag; came/arum, Cirsium arvense, 

Can volvu/us arvensis, Sonchus arvensis and Xanthium 

strumarium by 38.0-76,7% effects. 

Pardner at the rate a 1,50 I/ha was found sufficient to control the 

all weeds mentioned above by· 86.0-97,7 % effects, except 

A.came/orum and C.arvensis, by 38 %. Therefore this rate of the 

chemical was found to be recommended against these weeds that it 

controls. 

Reference chemical, Agro-D Amin, was also effective to the weeds 

in the trial by 86.0-97.7 %. effects except A.came/orum and 

C.arvensis. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara~tlrma EnstitOsO-ANKARA 

207

AKDENiz BOLGESiNDE BUGDAY 

TARLALARINDAKi YABANCIOTLARA KARel C;IKle 

ONCESi iLAC; DENEMESi 

izzet KAOIOGLU' 

Erkin ULUG' 

1985 Yllinda yukurova'da bir bugday tarlasmda Qlkl~ oncesi olarak 

Glean 75 OF (10-15-20 g/ha), igran 80 WP (2-2.5-3 kg/ha) Tnbunil 70 

WP (3 kg/ha) ve Afalon (3 kg/ha), Qrkr~ somasl olarak kar~lla~tlrma iiaci 

Glean 75 OF (20 g/ha) ve elle ot allml ile beraber denenmi~tir. 

Oeneme, tesadOf bloklarr deseninde, 4 tekerrOrlO a

CHEMICAL TEST AGAINST TO WEEDS AS 

PRE-EMERGENCE IN 

WHEAT FIELDS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN RE 

GION OF TURKEY 

izzet KADIOGLU' 

Erkln ULUG* 

This trial was carried out in wheat field at Gukurova (ADANA) in 

1985. The experimental design used was randomized complete block 

design with four replications. 

Glean 75 DF (10-15-20 g/ha), Igran 80 WP (2-2.53 kg/ha), Tribunil 

70 WP (3 kg/hal, and Afalon (3 kg/hal as pre-emergence were tested 

with the comparison chemical Glean 75 DF (20 g/ha) as postemergence. 

The plots were harvested on 17.6.1985 and yield of 

wheat were weighed. After harvest, the plots were irrigated and soil 

was cultiveted, and second crops (soja: Amsoy 71, maize: Tum 82, 

peanut: Gom andsesame: Golmarmara) were sown in the each block 

separetely and effect of chemicals were invistigated on the second 

crop. The results were determinet by 1-9 (EWRC) scale. 

Weeds identified in plots were mainly: Alopecurus myosuroides 

(25 %), Phalaris spp (17 %), Anagallis arvensis (13 %), Capsella 

Bursa-pastoris (12 %), Vicia spp (10 %) Veronica syriaca 

(9 %), Melilotus indicus (7 %), Sinapis arvensis (4 %). 

According to results, Glean 75 DF (10-15-20 g/ha), Igran 80 WP (2 

2.5-3 kg/hal, Tribunil 70 WP (3 kg/hal, Afalon (3 kg/hal. Glean 75 DF 

(20 g/ha) (postemergence), and weeding by hand gave 38-95.4 %, 

61.8-97.7%, 76.7-99.1%, 38-99.1 %, 61.8-99.1%, 61.8-99.1 %, 86 

99.1%,38-99.1%,38-99.1 %,76.7-99.1 % effectiveness against all 

these weeds respectively. Igran 80 WP at the rate of 3 kg/ha gave 8.2 

% phytotoxicity, on the wheat. 

According to statistical analysis based on yield of wheat Glean 75 

DF (20 g/ha) was in first group, Tribunil 70 WP, Glean 75 DF (15 grl 

hal, Afalon, Igran 80 WP (2 kg/ha) were in second group, Glean 75 

DF (post-em.) was in third group, Igran 80 WP (2.5 kg/hal, weeding by 

hand, Control-I and Glean 75 DF (10 g/ha) were in fourth group, Control-II 

was in fifth group, Igran 80 WP (3 kg/hal was in sixth group. 

Glean 75 DF at the rate of three doses were observed 8.2-62 % 

phytotoxity on the second crops. For that reason Glean 75 DF (10-15 

20 g/ha) can not be recommended in the wheat fields against weeds 

where the second crops were grown after wheat. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara'ltlrma EnstitOsO MOdOrIOgo·AOANA 

209

CUKUROVA CELTiK TARLALARINDAKi 

YABANCIOTLARA KAR$I iLAC DENEMESi 


Erkin ULUG* 

Basagran isimli preparat geltik taralarmdaki yabanclOtlara kar$1 

kar§lla§tlrma ilaci Surcopur ile birlikte Tarsus'un NJzldelik koyunde denemeye 

almml§tlL 

Deneme tesadOf bloklan denemedeseninde 4 karekterli (3 ila«ll+1 

kontrol) ve 3 tekernJrlO olarak kurulmu§tur. ilaGlamalar 24 saat 

onceden suyu kesilmi§ tavalarda «eltik 4-6 yabanclot!ar 3-5 yaprakli 

oldugu bir donemde yapllml§tlL ilaglama hektara 400 litre su sarf eden 

Sift pulverizatOru ve yelpaze tipi meme ile yapllml$, degerlendirmelerde 

1-9 AYAK skalasl kullanllml§tlL 

Basagran'ln 2 I/ha dozu Cyperus difformis'e % 86, Scirpus 

maritimus'a % 76,7, Veronica anagallis-aquatica'ya % 61.8 etki 

ile yetersiz kalml§tlL 3 I/ha dow ise aynl yabanclotlara slraslyla % 

95.4, % 91.8, % 76.7, kar§ila§tlrma ilaci Surcopur ise slraslyla % 91.8, 

0/0 91.8 ve % 61.8 etki gostermi§tir. Buna gore Veronica anga/lisaquatica'ya 

hem Basagran hemde Surcopur yetersiz kalml§tlL 

ila«lann herhangi bir fitotoksisitesi gorulmemi§tiL 

Basagran'm 3 IIha dozu Cyperus difformis ve Scirpus maritumus'un 

hakim oldugu Geltik tarlalannda 6nerilebilecegi kanaatine 

vanlml§tlr. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara~tlrma EnstiWsO-ADANA 

210

CHEMICAL TEST AGAINST THE CAUSING 

DAMAGE TO RICE FIELDS IN CUKUROVA 

izzet KAD!OGLU' 

Erkin ULUG' 

Basagran, recieved for registration purpose, was tested in a rice 

field against weeds in Tarsus with the comparison chemical Surcopur. 

Trial was constituted as randomized block design using 4 characters 

(3 doses + 1 check) and 3 replicates. Water in plots were drained 

24 hours before the application. Chemicals were applied at 4-6 leaf 

stage of rice and 3-5 leaf stage of weeds. The application was made 

by knapsack sprayer with 400 L of water per hectare. The results were 

determined by 1-9 (EWRC) scala. 

According to results, Basagran at the rate of 2 I/ha gave effectiveness 

of 86 %, 76.7 %, 61.8 %, against Cyperus difformis, Scirpus 

maritimus and Veronica anagalis-aquatica respectively. 

This herbicide, at the rate of 3 I/ha gave effectiveness of 95.4 % 

against Cyperus difformis, of 91.8 % Scirpus maritimus while it 

gave 76.7 '% effectiveness against Veronica anagallis-aquatica. 

The comparison chemical. Surcopur gave effectiveness of 91.8 % 

against Cyperus difformis and of 91.8 % Scirpus maritimus 

While it failed to provide satisfactory control of Veronica anaga/lisaquatica 

(61.8 %). No phytotoxicity has been observed in rice 

plants with both herticides. 

Basagran at the rate of 3 I/ha can be used against Cyyperus dif· 

formis and Scirpus maritimus in rice fields . 

• Zirai Mucadele Ara§tlrma Enstitosu-ADANA 

211

GUNEYDOGU ANADOLU BOLGESiNDE GLEAN 75 

DF (CHLORSULFURON) iLAC KALINTISININ 

MUNAVEBE BiTKisi MERCiMEK (LENS ESCULENTA 

MOENCH.),iN CIKI$INA ETKisiNiN BELiRLENMESi 

UZERiNDE CALI$MALAR 

Abdurrahman UZUN' 

Glean 75 OF (Chlorsulfuron % 75) 10 ve 20 g/ha dozlarda 

bugdayda yabanclotlara kar§1 5 Nisan 1984 tarihinde uygulanml§tlL 

Uygulama adi tazyikli Slrt pUlverizat6rU ile 4 tekerrUriU olarak 20 m2'lik 

parsellere yapllml§tlr. 

Bugday hasat edildikten sonra parseller aynen muhafaza edilerek 

22 Kaslm 1984 tarihinde mibzerle mercimek ekimi yapllml§tlr. Mercimek 

ekiminden 2 ay sonra yapllan degerlendirmelere gore Glean 75 OF 10 

g/ha dozda mercimek 9lkl§ml % 62, 20 g/ha dozda ise % 86 oranmda 

azaltarak fitotoksik etkili olmu§tur. . 

Bu nedenle Glean 75 OF daha once tavsiye edildigi gibi 

bugday+bugday veya bugday+nadas munavebesinin uygulandlgl yerlerde 

kullamlmasl uygun olur. 

STUDIES ON CARRY OVER OF GLEAN 75 DF 

(CHLORSULFURON) ON 

EMERGENCE OF LENTIL (LENS ESCULENTA 

MOENCH.) IN SOUTHEAST 

ANATOLIA REGION 


Glean 75 OF (chlorsulfuron 75 %) was sprayed at 10 g/ha and 20 

giha dosages for weed control in wheat in 5 tho April 1984. It was applied 

by an ordinary knapsack sprayer. Experiment was carried out according 

to randomised block design with four replications. Plots were 

taken as 20 m 2 . 

After wheat harvest, lentils were seeded on same plots in 22th Novembur 

1984. Two months after seeding the assesment was done by 

1-9 EWRC scale. It is found out that Glean 75 OF at 10 g/ha and 20 

g/ha was reduced the lentil emergence as 62 % respectively. 

Thus, Glean 75 OF can be applied only in retation of wheat+wheat 

or wheat+fallow as it was recommended before . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara~tlrma EnstitOsO·DIYARBAKIR 

212

GUNEYDOGU ANADOLU BOLGESiNDE 

HUBUBATTA YABANCIOTLARA KAR~I PARDNER 

(BROMOXYNiL) iLACININ ETKisiNiN 

BELiRLENMESi 

Abdurrahman UZUN* 

Diyarbaklr ilinde bugdayda (Dicle 74) yabanclotlara kar~1 Pardner 

(bromoxynil) 225 ve 337,5 g.e.m.lha dozlannda denemeye allnml~tlr. 

Denemeler tesadOf bloklan, deneme deseni ne gore 4 tekerrOrlO 

olarak kurulmu§tur. Uygulama bugdaym karde~lenme sonu devresinde 

adi tazyikli Slrt pOlverizatorO ile 400 I/ha su kullamlarak yapllml~tlr. 

Degerlendirmeler uygulamadan 2,5 hafta sonra ve hasat 

zamanmda 1-9 AYAK Iskalasma gore yapllml§tlr. 

Deneme sahasmda bulunan yabanclOtlann 1-9 AYAK Iskalasma 

gore ortO yOzdesi ve Bromoxynil'in etkisi belirlenmi~ ve tablo halinde 

a~aglda verilmi~tir. 

Bromoxynil dozu ve etkisi (%) 

Yabanci Otlar % ortOsO 225 g/ha 337,5 g/ha 

-. .----~.--~-. 

Myagrum pertoliatum L 60 76 86 

Turgenia /atito/ia (L) Hoffm.20 86 91 

Sinapis arvensis L. 5 91 97 

Ga/ium tricorne L. 5 0 0 

Lens esculenta Moench. 5 38 61 

Avena tatua L. 5 0 0 

TOm floraya etki 76 91,8 

Deneme sonu~larrna gore Bromoxynil 226 g/ha dozda yetersiz 

kalml§ 337,5 g/ha dozda ise yeterli etkili bUlunmu§tur. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO-oIYARBAKIR 

213

.----.~.---~"~- -------~~-----.--. 

WEED CONTROL IN WHEAT WITH PARDNER 

(BROMOXYNiL) IN SOUTHEAST ANATOLIA 

Abdurrahman UZUW 

In Diyarbaklr, pardner (bromoxynil) was tested at 225 and 337,5 gl 

ha a.i. against weeds in wheat (Dicle 74) Experiments were conducted 

in a randomized block design with 4 replications. 

Herbicides were aplied at the end of the tillering stage of wheat by 

knap sack sprayer with 400 I/ha of water. 

Determinations were done by 1-9 EWRC scale 2-5 weeks after applications 

and at the harvest. 

Percantage coverage of weeds in tested area and the effect of 

bromoxynil were determined by 1-9 EWRC scale as fallow; 

Weeds 

Coverage 

(%) 225 g/ha 337,5 g/ha 

Myagrum perfoJiatum L 60 76 86 

Turgenia fatifolia (L.) Hoffm. 20 86 91 

Sinapis arvensis L. 5 91 97 

Ga/ium tricorne L. 5 0 0 

Lens esculenta Moench. 5 38 61 

Avena fatua L. 5 0 0 

~- 

Total effect 76 91,8 

According to the results bromoxynil at 225 g/ha unsatisfactory but 

337,5 g/ha showed satisfactory effect on weeds in wheats . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara'}tlrma EnstitOsO-DIYARBAKIR 

214

GONEYDOGU ANADOLU BOLGESiNDE

CHEMICAL TESTS AGAINST WEEDS IN RICE IN 

SOUTHEAST ANATOLIA 


In Diyarbaklr, Basagran (bentazcn % 48) was tested at 960 and 

1440 g/ha a.i. against weeds in rice. 

Experiments were conducted in a randomised block design with 5 

replications. Herbicide was applied at the 2-3 leaf stage of rice by 

knapsack sprayer. Field was dried 1 day before and it was irrigated 2 

days after application. 

Determinations were done 2 and 5 weeks after application and at 

harvest by 1-9 EWRC scale. 

The weeds with the percentage occurence in plots are as fallows. 

Echinochloa crus-gam (l.) P.Beauv. 30 % 

Cyperus fuscus L. 70 % 

According to results of the experiments both the dosages of bentazon 

was not effective on E.crus-galli However, bentazone 960, 

1440 g/ha was effective on C.fuscus at 86 % 97,7 respectively . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitUsO·DIYARBAKIR 

216

MARMARA BOLGESiNDE HUBUBATTA 

SORUN OLAN DAR YAPRAKLI 

YABANCIOTLARA KAR$I iLACLI MOCADELE 

OLANAKLARI OZERiNDE ARA$TIRMALAR: 

Cesarettin 6ZDEMiR* 

Bugdayda sorun olan dar yaprakll yabanclotlardan Phaiaris spp. 

(ku§ otu) ve Alopecurus myosuroides (tilki kuyrugu)'e kar§1 denemeier 

istanbul Selimpa§a ve Silivri'de 1984-1985 Yillannda yapllml§tlr. 

Oenemeler tesadOf bloklan deneme deseninde ilk YII 7 karakterli ve 3 

tekerrOrlO, ikinci YII 5 karakterli ve 4 tekerrOrlO olarak Bezastaja bugday 

ge§idinde agilml§tlr. Kulianllan ilaglardan Igran 80 (1 kg/hal ve Tribunil 

70 (2-2,5 kg/hal glkl§ oncesi, illoxan 28 EC (1,5-2 I/ha) glkl§ sonrasl 

olarak kullanllml§tlr. ilaglamalar adl tazyikli Slrt pOlverizatorO ile 400 

IIha su Ozerinde yapllml§tlr. 

i1aglann yabanclotlar ve kOltOr bitkisine olan etkileri 1-9 AYAK skalaslna 

gore saptanml§tlr. 

Oeneme sonuglanna gore Illoxan iiaci 2 I/ha dozda ku§otu ve tilki 

kuyrugu yabanclotlanna % 86-95, Tribunil 2 kg/ha dozda yukanda adl 

gegen yabanclOtlara aynl oranda yeterli etkili bUlunmu§tur. Bu ilaglann 

verilen dozlarda ku§otu ve tilki kuyruguna kar§1 onerilebilecegi kanaatine 

vanlml§tlr. Igran 80 ilaci degi§ik bolgelerde ve farkli bugday 

ge§itlerinde fitotoksisite gosterdigi igin 6nerilememi§tir. 

Illoxan ve Tribunil ilaglarl kOltUr bitkisine fitotoksisite 

gostermemi§lerdir. 

• Trakya Tanmsal Ara§tlrma EnstitOsu-EDiRNE 

217

INVESTIGATIONS ON THE POSSIBILITIES OF 

CHEMICAL CONTROL 

AGAINST THE GRASS WEEDS IN CEREAL 

CROPS 

Cesarettin bZDEMiR* 

Experiments were carried out during 1984-1985 in istanbul Selimpa§a 

and Silivri. The main weeds were Alopecurus myosuroides 

(slender foxtail) and Phaiaris spp. (canary grass). The experimental 

design was in randomized blocks as in the first year with seven characters, 

three replications and in the second year with five characters, 

four replications. The wheat cultivar was Bezontaya. Igran 80 (1,5-2 

kg/ha) and Tribunil 70 (2-2,5 kg/ha) were applied as a pre-emergence, 

Illoxan 28 EC (1,5-2 I/ha) as a post-emergence. Applications were 

made with knap-sack sprayer by using 400 I water per hectar. 

The effectiveness of herbicides on weeds and wheat were estimated 

by using 1-9 EWRC scale. 

As a result, IIJ0xan at the rate of 2 I/ha and Tribunil at 2 kg/ha gave 

86-95% control against slender forxtail and canary grass. These two 

chemicals can be recomended against slender foxtail and canary 

grass in wheat at the above mentioned dosages. Igran 80 caused damage 

to some wheat varieties in different locations. Thus, it is not recomended. 

II10xan and Tribunil didn't have any phytotoxio effect on wheat 

crops . 

• Trakya Tanmsal Ara'trrma EnstitOsu-EDiRNE 

218

MARMARA BOLGESiNDE

CHEMICAL TRIALS AGAINST WEEDS COMMON 

IN RICE FIELDS IN MARMARA REGION 

Cesarellin 6ZDEMiR* 

Chemical trials against weeds common in rice fields were conducted 

in EDiRNE (UZUNKOPRU) province in 1985. The experimental design 

was in randomized blocks with five replications. Ronstar PL was 

applied in the rate of 3-4 I/ha when the rice plants were at the 2-4 leaf 

and weeds at the 1-3 leaf stage as post-emergence. Plots were set 

up 100 sq.m. and the reference chemical was Basagran PL 2(8 I/ha). 

The main weeds were Echinochloa crus-gam (barnyard grass), 

Cyperus spp. (nutgrass), Scirpus spp. (club rush) and Alisma 

plantago (water plantain). Applications were made with knap-scak 

sprayer by using 500 I of water per hectar. The effectiveness of the 

herbicides were found by using the 1-9 EWRC Scale. 

As a result, Ronstar PL in the rate of 3 I/ha gave 76-91 %, at 4 I/ha 

dose 88-96 % control against the above mentioned weeds. Basagran 

PL 2, the comparison chemical, gave satisfactory control (91-95 %). 

No phytotoxic affect was ob$erved on rice. Ronstar PL at 3 IIha 

can be recommended aqainst the weeds common in rice fields. 

* Trakya Tanmsal Ara§tlrma EnstitUsu·EDIRNE 

220

FASUlYEDE SORUN OlAN YABANCIOTlARA 

KAR~I ilA

CHEMICAL TEST ON WEEDS IN BEAN FIELDS 

Cesarettin 6ZDEM iR* 

Trials were conducted in randomized block design with 5 characters 

4 replications in Luleburgaz, TOrkgeldi State Farm in 1984. The soil 

type was clay loam and chemicals were applied at post-energence 

when the bean plants were 5-10 cm high and the weeds at the 2-4 

leaf stage. 

Identified weeds in the plots were mainly; Setaria sp., (green foxtail), 

Echinochloa crus·galli (barnyard grass). Avena sp. (wild 

oat), Sorghum halepense (Johnsongrass) and Digitaria sanguinalis 

(crab grass). 

Chemicals applied with knap-snack sprayer by using 400 I. water 

per hectar, The effectiveness of herbicides against the weeds and on 

the beans were evaluated by using the 1-9 EWRC scale. 

Ilioxan 28 EC, at the rate of 1.5 I/ha gave poor weed control, at the 

rates of 2 and 2,5 Ilha gave 86-97% control, except on johnsongrass 

and crabgrass. The comparison chemical, Fusilade, at the rate of 1 II 

ha gave 87-97% weed control. Chemicals didn't have phytotoxic effect 

on the beans. 

As a result, Ilioxan 28 EC can be recommended as a postemergence 

chemical against weeds in bean crops. 

* Trakya Tanmsal Ara§tlrma EnstitOsu-EDiRNE 

222

GAziANTEP iLi MERCiMEK TARLALARINDA 

SORUN OLAN DAR VE GENi$ YAPRAKLI 

YABANCIOTLARA KAR$I iLA

CHEMICAL CONTROL STUDIES AGAINST WEED 

IN LENTIL FIELDS 

IN GAZiANTEP PROVINCE 


Erkin ULUG' 

Gesagard 500 FW (2 and 3 I/ha) and, Aretit flussig (4 I/ha) were 

tested against broad leaved weeds in lentil fields. The experiment 

were carried out according to randomized block design with 3 replicates. 

The treatments were made with a knapsack sprayer using Tee-jet 

nozzle. Gesagard 500 FW was applied as pre-emergence, and Aretit 

flussig was applied as post-emergence. 

The effectiveness of herhicides were made by using rating scale 1 

9 EWRC. According to the results of the treatment, Gesegard 500 FW 

at the rate of 2 I Iha gave 0,91.8, 86,38,0,76.7, 61.8,0 %, 3 I/ha 

gave, 0,95.4, 91.8, 61.8, 38,86,86,0 % also Aretit flussig at the rate 

of 41 Iha gave 0,91.8, 91.8, 86, 91.8,76.7,76.7% efficacy against 

A vena spp, Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Lamium amplexicaule, 

Geranium tuberosum, GaUum tricorne, Asperula arvensis 

Cerastium dishotomum respectively. But Aretit flussig had 14% 

phytotoxic effect on lentil. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO·ADANA 

224

KARADENiz BOLGESiNDE MERCiMEK 

(LENS ESCULENTA MOENCH) 

TARLALARINDAKi YABANCIOTLARA KAR$I iLAQ 

DENEMESi 

I 

Mustafa KASA* 

ismail KORKUP 

1982-1985 Yilian arasmda Gesagard 500 FW (2-3 IIha), Sencor 

(250-500 g/ha) pre-emergence (ekim yapllml~, yabanclotlar ve mercimek 

toprakta tohum halinde), Aretit flussig (4 IIha) ve illoxan 28 EC (2 

IIha) post-emergence (mercimek 8-10 cm. yabanclotlar 3-4 yaprakll 

devrede iken) mercimek tarlalanndaki yabanclotlara kar~1 Qorum'da denemeye 

alindllar. Denemeler 3 tekerrOrlO olarak tesadOf bloklan deneme 

desenine gore kuruldu. Parseller 20 m2 olarak almdl. ilaglar tazyikli 

Slrt pOlverizatorO i1e hektara 500 I su ile uygulandl. Degerlendirme (1-9) 

AYAK skalaslna gore yaplldL Deneme alanmda bulunan yabanclotlar 

Sinapis arvensis L. (yabani hardal), Chenopodium album L. 

(kaz ayagl), Veronica spp. (yav§an otu) ve Avena fatua L. (yabani 

yulaf)dan ibaret idi. 

Denemeye allnan ilaglardan Gesagard 500 FW ve Sencor yabanclotlara 

% 95.4-97.7 oranmda etkili oldular. Ancak Sencor'un 500 

g/ha dozu kOltOr bitkisinde fitotoksik oldu (% 23.6). Sencor'un 250 g/ 

ha dozu ise gok az (% 2.3 oranmda) fitotoksik oldu. Ancak OrOnde 

azalma meydan getirmedi. Aretit flussig yabanclotlara % 91.8 oranrnda 

etkili olmakla beraber, havanm sicak (20°C ve daha yukan) ve nisbi 

nemin fazla oldugu gOnlerde uygulandlgrnda kOltOr bitkisinde fitotoksik 

oldu. illoxan 28 EC Avena fatua'ya % 95.4-97.7 oranlnda etkili 

olmu~, mercimekte fitotoksite gorOlmemi§tir. 

• Karadeniz Tanmsal Aralltlrma EnstitllsQ-SAMSUN 

225

CHEMICAL TEST AGAINST WEEDS IN LENTIL 

(LENS ESCULENTA MOENCH) FIELDS IN BLACK 

SEA REGION 

Mustafa KASA' 

ismail KORKUP 

Beetween 1982 and 1985 Gesagard 500 FW (2.0-3.0Llha), Sencor 

250-500 g/ha) were tested pre-amergence (After planting) and 

Aretit flussig (4.0 IIha) and illoxan 28 EC (2.0 IIha) post-emergence 

(when lentil plants at 8 to 10 cm height and the weds in 3 to 4-leaved 

stage) against the weeds occurring in lentil fields. The trial was carried 

out in Gorum. The experiments were set up accordinq to randomized 

bleck design with 3 replications. The plot size was 20 m2. The products 

ware applied with a knapsack sprayer using 500 liter of water 

per hectar. The data were evaluated based on 1-9) EWRC Scale. The 

weeds occurring in the experimental site were Sinapis arvensis l., 

Chenopodium album l., Veronica spp. and Avena fatua L. 

The results showed that among tested products Gesagard 500 FW 

and Sencor gave 95.4 to 97.7 % control of the weeds. But 23.6% 

phytotoxicity was observed in the cultivated crop that was received 

treatment with Sencor at the rate of 500 g/ha while at the rate of 250 

g/ha caused very low (2.3%) phytotoxicity without causing crop less. 

Although Aretit flussig gave 91.8% control, when it was applied on 

days that the temperature (at or above 20 CO) and relative humidity 

were high caused plant injury in the cultivated plant. IIi0xan 28 EC 

provided 95.4 to 97.7 control of Avena fatua L. No phytotoxcity has 

been observed in treated lentil plants. 

* Karadeniz Tanmsal Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO-SAMSUN 

226

GUNEYDOGU ANDOLU BOLGESiNDE MERCiMEK 

(LENS ESCULENTA MOENCH.) TARLALARINDA 

SORUN OLAN DAR VE GENi~ YAPRAKLI YABAN 

CIOTLARA KAR~I iLAC; DENEMESi 


Mercimekte dar yaprakll yabanclotlara kan;;1 Fusilade (fluazifobbutyl 

% 25) 1,0-1,5-2,0 I/ha preparat dozlarda denenmi$tir. Aretit flussig (dinosebacetate. 

% 25) 3-4 I/ha glkl§ somaSI, Gesagard 500 FW (Prometryn 

% 50) 2-3 I/ha glkl§ oncesi olarak geni§ yaprakll yabanclotlara kar§1 

uygulanml§tlr. 

Oeneme tesadOf bloklan deneme desenine gore 3 tekerrOrlO olarak 

kurulmu$, parsel boyutlan 4x5=20 m2 olarak almml$tlr. Uygulama adi 

tazyikli Slrt pOlverizatorO ile 500 I/ha su kullamlarak yapllml§tlr. Uygulama 

anmda yabani yulaf 4-6 yaprak, kendigelen arpa 1-2 karde§li geni§ 

yaprakll yabanclotlar ise rozet devresinde ve mercimek 8-10 cm boyda 

bulunmaktaydl. 

Oeneme sahasmdaki yabanclotlar: 

A vena sterilis L. 

Hordeum vUlgare L. 

Ranunculus arvensis L. 

Ga/ium tricorne W. 

Scandix pecten-veneris L. 

Myagrum perfoliatum L. 

Alman sonuglara gore Fusilade 1,0-1,5-2,0 I/ha dozlarda kendigelen 

arpa ve yabani yulafl % 100 oranmda kontrol etmi§tir. Aretit flussig 

3-4 I/ha dozlardc: geni§ yaprakll yabanclotlara % 86-100 oranmda 

kontrol etmi§tir. Ancak her iki doz da mercimege % 14 oranmda fitotoksik 

etkili olmu§tur. Gesagard 500 FW (2-3 1/ha) yabanclot kontrolunda 

yetersiz kaldlQI gibi mercimegin glkl§ml % 23-38 oranmda engelleyerek 

fitotoksite gostermi§tir. 

• Zirai Mucadele Ara§urma Enstiti.isu-oIYARBAKJR 

227

CHEMICAL TEST AGAINST GRASSES AND 

BROAD8LEAVED WEEDS 

IN LENTIL (LENS ESCULENTA MOENCH.) IN 

SOUTHEAST ANATOLIA REGION 

Abdurrahman UZUN* 

Fusilade (Fluazifop-butyl 25%) at 1,0-1.5-2.0 I/ha dosages were 

tested for grass centrol in lentil. 

Gesagard 500 500 FW (prometryn 50 %) at 2-3 I/ha as preemergenceand 

Aretit flussig (dinesebacetate 25 %) at 3-4 IIha as postemergence 

were used for. broadleaved weeds in lentil. 

Experiment was conducted according to randomised black design 

with 3 replications and plots were taken as 200 m2 . application was 

done by ordinary knapsack sprayer with 500 I/ha of water. 

Gesagard 500 FW was sprayed 2 days after lentil seeding. Grass 

weeds were at 5 leaf-2 tillering stage and broadleaved weeds at rosette 

stage and lentils at 8-10 cm. tall during application 

On the experiment area the weeds were: 

A vena steri/is L 

Hordeum vulgare L. 

Ranunculu5 arvensis L. 

Ga/ium tricorne W. 

Scandix pecten-veneris L. 

Myagrum perfoliatum L. . 

According to the results Fusilade at 1,0-1,5-2,0 I/ha controlled the 

H. vulgare (volunteer barley) and A.sterilis 100 % Aretit flussig at 

3-4 I/ha gave good control from 86 to 100 % for broadleaved weeds 

but tested dosages were phytotoxic on lentil an average 14 %. Gesagard 

500 FW at 2-3 I/ha although didn't give good weed control, it reduced 

the emergence of lentil from 23 to 38 % respectively . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitosO-olvARBAKIR 

228

ORTA ANADOLU BOLGESi MERCiMEK 

TARLALARINDA SORUN 

OLAN DAR VE GENi$ YAPRAKLI YABANCIOTARA 

KAR$I iLAC; DENEMESi 

Saki TA$TAN* 

Ahmet ERCi$* 

Mercimek arasmda yeti§en dar yaprakll yabanclotlara kar§1 Fusilade 

(1.0, 1.5 ve 2.0 IIha) ve ilioxan 28 EC (2.0 I/ha), geni§ yaprakll, yabanclotlara 

kar§1 ise Gesegard 500 FW (2.0 ve 3.0 I/ha

CHEMICAL TRIALS AGAINS GRASSES AND 

BROAD - LEAVED WEEDS IN LENTIL IN CENTRAL 


Baki TA$TAN* 

Ahmet ERCi$* 

Fusilade (1.0, 1.5 and 2. 0 Ifha) and Ilioxan 28 EC (2.0 Ifha) were 

tested against grasses, Gesagard 500 FW (2.0 and 3.0 IIha as preemergence) 

and Aretit Flussig (3.0 and 4.0 Ifha as post-emergence) 

were tested against broad-leaved weeds in lentil in 1983-1985. 

According to the results Fusilade gave good control against 

Avena fatua and Cynodon dactylon at the rate of 2. 0 Ifha. Illoxan 

28 EC was found to be effective against A.fatua at the same 

rate. There wasn't any phytotoxic effect on lentil at all rates tested. 

Gesegard 500 FW was found to be effectiv to Amaranthus retroflexus 

and Chenopodium album at 2 Ifha, and also, Centeurea 

depressa and Sinapis arvensis at 3 Ifha. 

Aretit flussig gave good control of broad leaved weeds including 

Galium tricorne, but also it caused damage to lentil up to 38.2 %. It 

can not be recommended in lentil at these rates because of it's phytotoxicity. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara~tlrma EnstitOsU-ANKARA 

230

KARADENiz 80LGESiNDE SOYA TARLALARINDA 

YA8ANCIOTLARA KAR$I iLA

CHEMICAL TRIALS AGAINST WEEDS IN 

SOYBEAN FIELDS IN BLACK SEA REGION 

ismail KORKUT* 

Mustafa KASA* 

In 1984 and 1985 Dual 500 EC and Surpass 6.7 E were tested at 

3-4-5 llha against weeds occurring in soybean fields, The experiment 

was set up according to randomized block design with 3 replications, 

Plot size was 50 m2, Treatment was made with a knapsack sprayer 

with Tee-jett nozzle using 600 liter of water per hectar. 

Both products were applied pre-planting to the plots with wellprepared 

seedbed and incorporated into the soil with disck harrow, 

after which soybean was planted. 

The flora of the experimental area consisted of Amaranthus spp, 

Chenopodium album, Echinochloa spp. So/anum nigrum, 

Digitaria paspoloides and Abutilon avicenea. 

The two-year-results showed that Surpase 6,7 E at the dose of 4 II 

ha gave good control of the grasses and broad-leaved weeds, while 

Dual 500 EC at the dose of 4 llha gave only good control for Echinochloa 

among the grasses. 

It is concluded that the tested products can be used at these rates 

against the above mentioned weeds . 

0----- 

• Karadeniz Tanmsai Ara§tlrma EnstitOsu-SAMSUN 

232

EGE BOLGESi SOYA FASULYESi TARLALARINDA 

GORULEN TEK YILLIK DAR VE GENi$ YAPRAKLI 

YABANCIOTLARA KAR$I iLA

EGE BOLGESi iKiNCi ORON EKilVl ALANLARINDA 

GOROLEN YABANCIOTLAR VE BUNLARIN iLA

INVESTIGATION ON WEEDS OF SECOND CROPS 

AND THEIR CHEMICAL CONTROLS 

Altekin 6ZKUT* 

ilknir SERIM* 

The study was carried out in Aydin, izmir and Manisa in the Ege 

Region between the years of 1983-1985. Survey was done in order to 

determine the species of weeds and their widespread fields. In the 

fields of sesame, maize and soybean grown as a second crop, totally, 

218 fields were examined in Aydin (74), izmir (93) and Manisa (51). It 

was found that there were totally 31 species of weeds. Amaranthus 

albus, A. retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Convolvulus 

arvensis, Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotun dus, Digitaria 

sanguinalis, Echinochloa cruss-galli, Portulaca oleracea, 

Setaria spp., Sorghum halepense and Xanthium strumarium 

were found to be considerable. 

Chemical control trials were tested against weeds in the fields of 

sesame and soybean. There were A.albus, A.retroflexus, 

C.album, P.oleracea, Raphanus raphanistrum, Tribulus 

terrestris and Solanum nigrum in the experiment area. Treflan 

(86-77.7 %) was found to be effective on all weeds expect S.nigrum. 

Afalon, Diurex and Sencor (86-100 %) were effective on weeds except 

T.terrestris and S.nigrum. The effect of Gesagard 500 FW 

varied between 86 % and 97.7 % except T.terrestris . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO, Bornova-IZMIR 

235

ORTA ANADOlU BOlGESi DOMATES 

TARlAlARINDA SORUN OlAN YABANCIOTlARA 

KAR~I ENiDE ilACININ DENENMESi 

Baki T A$T AN* 

Ahmet ERCi$* 

Deneme 1985 Ylhnda Ankara Aya§ fidanllglnda yurOtolmO§tor. 

Deneme tesadOf bloklan deneme desenine gore 4 tekrarll 

dOzenlenmi§tir. 

Parsel alanl 25 m2 allnml§tlr. Denemede konik memeli 2 I'lik el 

pONerizatOrO kullanllml§tlr. 

Herbisit dozlannm yabanclotlara ve kultor bitkisine etkileri 1-9 

(AYAK) scalasma gore saptanml§tlr. 

Enide isimli ilacm hektara 5 ve 7.5 Kg dozlar!, 3-4 yaprakll domates 

fidelerinin tarlaya §a§lrtllmasmdan bir gOn soma 15.4.1985 tarihinde 

toprak yOzeyine pOlverizasyon §eklinde uygulandl, daha soma ilagll 

parsellere 2-5 cm toprak derinligine ula§abilecek §ekilde yagmurlama 

usulu sulama yaplldl. Mukayese iiaci olarak alman Sencor 70 WP ise 

(0,75 kg/ha) §a§lrtmadan bir gOn soma dogrudan fideli toprak sathma 

pulverize edildi, yagmurlama sulama yapllmadl. 

SaYlm ve gozlemler yabanclotlar toprak sathma glktlktan soma 

ba§lamak Ozere bogaz doldurma i§lemleri tamamlanmcaya kadar tom 

parselierde sOrdOrOldO. Bogaz doldurmadan onceki saYlmlar 

degerlendirmeye esas allndl. 

Enide 5.0 ve 7.5 kg/ha dozlan denemedeki yabanclotlardan Sinapis 

arvensis (yabani hardal), Amaranthus retroflexus (klrmlzl 

koklO tilki kuyrugu), Chenopodium album (sirken), Convolvulus 

arvensis (tarla sarma§IQI), Cirslum arvense (koygogOren)Portulaca 

oleracea (semizotu)'ya kar§1 % 61.8-76.7 oranmda yetersiz etki 

gosterdiginden kullanllamlyacagl kanlsma vanlml§tlr. 

Mukayese ilaci Sencor (0,75 kg/ha) Cirsium arvense ve Convolvulus 

arvensis harig diger yabanclotlara % 91.8-100 oranmda 

yeterli etki gostermi§tir. 

* Zirai MOcadeie Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO·ANKARA 

236

CHEMICAL TRIALS WITH ENIDE AGAINST 

WEEDS IN TOMATO FIELDS IN CENTRAL 


Baki TA!TAN* 

Ahmet ERCi!* 

Trials were carried out in Aya'§ (Ankara) in 1985. Experiments were 

arranged in randomized block design of four replicates with plots of 25 

m2. Hand pulverizator of 2 I. with conic nozzles was used with on estimation 

of 500 I of water per hectare. 

The effect of the herbicides on weeds and crop was evaluated by 

1-9 EWRC scale. 

Enide was applied to the soil at the rates of 5.0 and 7.5 kg/ha following 

the tomato seedling transplantation on April 15 th, 1985. Reference 

chemical Sencor 70 WP (0.75 kg/ha) was applied in the same 

manner, however, a rainy-type irrigation to wet the soil to the depth of 

2-5 cm was made for Enide plots. 

Countings and observations were made from the weed emergence 

until filling up the soil arround plants. 

Enide at the rates of 5.0 and 7.5 kg/ha was found to be insufficient 

in controlling Sinapis arvensis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium 

album, Convolvulus arvensis, Cirsium arvense 

and Portulaca oleracea by 61.8-76.7 % effects. 

Reference chemical, Sencor 70 WP, was found to be sufficient to 

all weeds mentioned above by 91.8-100 effects except Cirs/um arvense 

and Convolvulus arvensis. 

• Plant Protection Research Institute-ANKARA 

237

KARADENiz BOlGESiNDE DOMATES VE 

BiB ERLER DE SORUN OlAN YABANCIOTlARlA 

ilA9U SAVA$IM OlANAKlARININ 

ARA$TIRllMASI 

ismail KORKUP Mustata KASA* Yasemin Ufuk CERMAN' 

1982-1985 Yilian araslnda Samsun'da domates (Lycopers/cum 

esclentum) ve biberlerde (Capsicum annuum) zararll ve yabanclotlarla 

mOcadelede kullanllabilecek herbisitlerle, herbisit kullanlml 

ve gapalamanm verime olan etkisini ortaya koymak igin gall§malar 

yaplldl. Deneme alanmda Echinochloa spp (dancan), D/gitaria 

paspalo/des (gatal ot), Amaranthus spp (horoz kuyrugu), (Chenopodium 

album (sirken), Xanthium macrocarpum (bOyO k 

pltrak) hemen tOm Yillarda hem domates, hem biber parsetlerinde 

gorOlmO§, Solanum nigrum (kopek OzOmO), Convolvulus arven 

')is (tarla sarma§lgl), Sorghum halepense (kanya;;) Seteria spp 

(kirpi dan) sadece bazl Yillar denemelerin bir klsmmda gorOlmO$tOr. 

Sencor (Metribuzin 70) 525 g/ha, Dymid (Difenamid 80) 5600 g/ha, 

Enide (Difenamid 90) 4500 ve 67S0 g/ha, Dacthal (Chlorthal 75) 7S00 

g/ha, Trifluralin 48, 890 g/ha, Planavin (Nitralin 75) 7S0 g/ha, Cobex 

(Dinitramin 2S) SOO g/ha ve Fusilade (Fluazifopbutyl 2S) 2S0 g/ha aktif 

madde dozlannda tek ba§lanna ve gapalama i§lemi ile kombine edilerek 

kullanlldllar. 

Denemelerden elde edilen sonuglara gore: 

iki gapalama i;;lemi genel yabanclot kontrolu ve verim aglsmdan her 

iki kOltOrdede bolgemiz igin en uygun karakter olarak ortaya glkml;;tlr. 

Metribuzin, Trifluralin, Dinitramin, Difenamid ilaglannm, ozellikle tohumdan 

Oreyen yabanclotlar Ozerinde iyi bir kontrol sagladlgl, Fluazifopbutyl 

iiaci ise sadece graminelerin sorun oldugu yerlerde kullanllabilecegi, 

bu ilaglann kullantlmasl halinde bir gapalama i;;lemi ile 

ilaglann etki alanl dl§lnda kalan yabanclOtlann yok edilerek 

mOcadelenin tamamlanmasmln uygun olacagl kanaatma ula§llml§tlr. 

Metribuzin ve Cnlorthal aktif maddeli ilaglar biberde onemli derecede 

fitotoksiteye sebep olmu§tur. 

ilaglann yabanclotlar Ozerinde etki degerleri seneden seneye 

onemli olmayan degi§imler gostermi§tir. 

ilag-yabanclot ve verim ili§kilerinde Yillara, ilacm etkiledigi ve etkilemedigi 

yabanclotlarm yogunluguna gore onemli farkllilklar meydana 

gelmektedir. Bu nedenle bazi Yllar verime bagIi olarak karakterler 

arasmdaki farkliliklar manidar bulunurken, bazl Yillar onemli bulunmaml§tlr 

. 

• Karadeniz Tanmsal Ara1/tlrma EnstitOsO·SAMSUN 

238

INVESTIGATIONS ON THE HERBICIDAL CONTROL 

POSSIBILITIES OF 

WEEDS CAUSING DAMAGE TO TOMATOES AND 

PEPPERS IN THE BLACK SEA REGION 

ismail KORKUT' Mustafa KASA* Yasemin Ufuk GERMAN* 

Studies have been carried out between 1982 and 1985 in SClmsun 

to determine the effective herbicides that can be used in the controi of 

weeds causing damage to tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum) 

and peppers (Capsicum annum) and the effect of the combina;:'n 

of herbicidal control and hoeing on yield, During the :,tuO'IS almost 

every year in te experimental site both tomato-planted-plots and pepper-planted-plots 

were infested with Echinochloa spp" Digitaria 

paspaloides, Amaranthus spp., Chenopodium album, Xanthium 

macrocarpum, while Solanum nigrum, Convolvulus arvensis, 

Sorghum halepense and Seteria spp. occurred only in 

recent years in some trials, 

Sencor (Metribuzin 70) at 525 g ai.!ha, Dymid (Difenamid 80) at 

5600 g ai.!ha, Enide (Difenamid 90) at 4500 and 6750 g/ha a.i/ha, 

Dacthal (Chlorthal 75) at 7500 g a.i/ha, Cobex (Dinitramin 25) at 500 

g. a.i/ha and Fusilade (Fluazifopbutyl 25) at 250 g a,i/were used alone 

and combinet with one hoeing, 

The results showed that under the conditions of our region 'w') 

hoeings are the best from the standpoint of general weed control ani 

yield in both crops. 

It is concluded that Metribuzin, Triflu ralin, Dinitramin, Difenamid es 

pecially provide good control of weeds that reproduce by seed, while 

Fluazifobbutyl can be used against only gramineous weed species, If 

these products are used combined with one hoeing better control is 

achieved because of destruction of survival weeds with hoeing. 

Metribuzin and Chlorthal based products caused phytotoxicity in 

pepers to a great extent. 

Efficacy of the products varied year by year, but it was negligible. 

Relationships between herbicide, weed species and yield greatly 

differ according to the years and density of effected and uneffected 

weeds. Therefore differences between characters based on yield were 

siQnificant in some years, while insignificant in the other years. 

"--- ~.-~.--- 

 

• Karadeniz Tanmsal Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO·SAMSUN 

239

ORTA ANADOLU BOLGESi PATATES TARLALARINDA 

SORUN OLAN DAR YAPRAKLI YABANCIOTLARA 

KAR~I iLAC; DENEMESi 

Ahmet ERCi$* 

Baki TA$TAN* 

Deneme 1983-1984 yillannda Kazan'da yOrOtolmO§tOr. Denemeler 

tesadOf bloklan deneme desenine gore 4 tekerrOrlO olarak kurulmu§tur. 

iiacin (Fusilade) yabanclotlar ve kOIt(jr bitkisine etkisi 1-9 AYAK 

skalasma gore degerlendirilmi§tir. 

Fusilade, yabanclotlar 4-8 yaprakll oldugu devrede 1, 2, 2+2, 3 ve 

4 I/ha dozda uygulanml§tlr. 2 IIha dozun uygulandlgl ayn bir karakterde 

uygulamadan 20 gun soma ilaglama aym dozda (2 I/ha) yenilenmi§tir. 

Bu uygulama sonradan olan C(lkl§lan (ozellikle Echnichloacrus-galli) 

kontrol etmek amaclyla yapllml§tlr. Fusilade 2, 3 ve 4 I/ha 

dozlarda Cynodon dactylon'a % 86-95.4, Echinochloa. crusgalllye 

% 91,8-95.4 oramnda yeterli etki gostermi§tir. Tum uygulamalarda 

patateste fitotoksik etki gorOlmemi§tir. 

Ekonomik olmasl baklmlndan, patateste E.crus-galli ve 

C.dactylon'a kar§1 Fusilade'nin 2 IIha dozda onerilmesi uygundur. 

CHEMICAL TRIALS AGAINST GRASSES IN 

POTATO FIELDS IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA REGION 

Ahmet ERCis' 

Baki TA$TAN' 

Trials were carried out in Kazan in 1983-1984. Experiments were 

arranged in randomized block design with four replicates. The effects 

of herbicides (Fluazifob buthyl) on weeds and crop were evaluated by 

1-9 EWRC scale 

Fusilade at the rate of 1, 2, 2+2, 3 and 4 I/ha was applied when 

the weeds were in 4-8 leaf-stage. To the plots treated with 2 I/ha prepare, 

another application was made at the same rate after 20 days to 

see the effect to newly emergence of the weeds especially for Echnichloa 

crus-galli. Fusilade was found to be sufficiently effective to 

Cynodon dactylon by 96.0-95.4%, E.crus-galliby 91.8-95.4 at 

the rates of 2, 3 and 4 Ifha. Double application of the chemical (2+2 II 

ha) was found to be effective both weeds by 91.8 % effect. All application 

rates were not phytotoxic to potato. 

For economic purposes, Fusilade at the rate of 2 Vha was recommended 

against E.crus-gal/i and C.dactylon in potato fields. 

* Zirai Mucadele Ara'itlrma Enstitusu·ANKARA 

240

ORTA ANADOlU BOlGESi HAVUC; EKiM 

AlANlARINDA SORUN OlAN YABANCIOTlARA 

KAR~I GESEGARD 500 FW ilACININ 

DENENMESi 

Ahmet ERCil' 

Saki TA$TAN* 

Deneme 1985 ve 1986 Yllmda Ankara Beypazarr il~esi, 

KoyO Ijiftlji tarlasmda yOrOtOlmO§tUr. 

(fukurca 

Pre-emergens (ljlkl§ bncesi) ve Post-emergens (ljlkl§ sonrasl) olarak 

denemeler tesadOt bloklan deneme desenine gore 3 tekrarll olarak 

dOzenlenmi§tir. Deneme parseli 20 metrekare alrnml§tlr. Denemede 

hektara 500 litre su hesabl Be 2 litrelik el pOlverizatoru kullanllml§tlr. 

Gesagard 500 WF'nin hektara 2.0 I, 2,5 I, 3.0 I dozlarr havulj ekiminden 

soma (ljlkl§ oncesi) ve mukayese iiaci tetralin 2.0 I/ha dozda 

ekimden bir gun once uygulanml§ ve topraga karr§tlrllml§tlr. 

Aynr ilag aynr dozlarda havulj 3-5 ve yabanclotlar 5-8 yapraklr devrede 

iken (ljlkl§ sonrasl) de uygulanml§tlr. 

Yapllan gozlemlerde Gesagard 500FW'nin 2.0 I/ha dozu ekonomik 

olmasl nedeniyle gerek ~Ikl§ bncesi ve gerekse Ijlkl§ sonrasl olarak 

Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retrof/exus ve Portulaca 

oleracea'ya kar§1 % 86.0-91.8 oranmda yeterli etkisi nedeniyle devaml! 

havug ekilen alanlarda kullanllabilecegi kanlsma varrlml§tlr. (flkl§ 

sonrasl uygulamada 3.0 I/ha doz havugta titotoksik olmasl nedeniyle 

kullanllamaz. 

* Zirai Mucadele Ara::;tlrma EnstiWsu-ANKARA 

241

TRIALS WITH GESEGARD 500 FW AGAINST 

WEEDS IN CARROT 

FIELDS IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA REGION 

Ahmet ERCi$' 

Saki TA$T AN' 

Trials were carried out in Beypazan-C;:ukurca Village (Ankara) in 

1985 and 1986. Experiments were arranged in randomized block design 

with three replicates with plots of 20 sq.m.Hand pulverizator of 2 

litres was used with an estimatition of 500 Ifha water per hectare. 

Effects of herbicides on weeds and crop were evaluated by 1-9 

EWRC scale. 

Gesegard 500 FW, at the rates of 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 Ifha were applied 

to the soil as pre-emergence following the carrot sowing. Reference 

chemical Tefralin was applied at the rate of 2.0 Ifha the day before 

sowing and incorporated in the soil. 

Gesegard 500FW also was applied as post-emergence when the 

crop at 3-5, weeds 5-8 leaf stage, at the same rates. 

Gesegard 500 FW, at the rate of 2 Vha was recommended against 

Chenopodium alb'Jm, Amaranthus retrofleXu5 and Portulaca 

oleracea since it gave 86.0-91.8% control of these weeds. The 

chemical had lower effect at the rate of 1 Ifha, and phytotoxic at the 

high rate, 3.0 Ifha. . 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitosO-ANKARA 

242

ORTA ANADOLU BOLGESi KiMYON EKiLi§ 

ALANLARINDAKi YABANCIOTLARA KAR§I 

AFALON-S iLACININ DENENMESi 

Melin KURQMAN* Ahmet ERCi$* Saki T A$T AN* 

Deneme 1985-1986 Yllrnda Haymana'da Ziraat FakOltesinin Deneme 

9iftliginde a91Iml§tlr. 

Pre-emergens ve post-emergens olarak denemeler tesadOf bloklan 

deneme desenine gore 6 tekrarlr dOzenlenmi§tir. Deneme parseli 20 

metrekare alrnml§trr. Denemede hektara 500 litre su sebaslyla 2 litrelik 

el pOlverizatorO kullamlmr§tlr. 

Afalon-S iiaci kimyon ekiminden hemen sonra hektara 1,5 kg dozda 

19.4.1985-19.3.1986 tarihlerinde denenmi§tir. 

Aynl ila

CHEMICAL TRIALS WITH AFALON-S AGAINST 

WEEDS IN CARAWAY 

FIELDS IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA REGION 

Melin KUACMAN* Ahmet ERCi!* Saki TA§TAN* 

Trials were carried out at experimental fields of Agricultural Faculty 

in Haymana (Ankara) in 1985-1986 as pre-emergence and postemergence 

applications. Experiments were" arranged in randomized block 

design with 6 replicates with plots of 20 sq.m. Hand pulverizator of 2 

lit res was used with an pre-emergence following the seeding process 

at the rate of 1.5 kg/ha on 19.4.1985 and 19.3.1986. 

The same chemical at the same rate was apljed as postemergence 

when the caraway plants had 4-5 branch lets, and the 

weeds 2-3 leaves. For post-em trials, Afaon (2kg/ha) was included as 

reference chemical. Applications were made on 12.6.1985 and 

23.5.1986. 

Afalon-S was found insufficient in controlling weeds in both application 

types by 38.0-61.8% effects. 

The reference chemical, Afalon, was found insufficient in controlling 

Gafium tricorne, Convolvulus galaticus and Anchusa officinalis 

by 61.8-76.7% effects, and suffiCiently effective to the other 

weeds by 86.0-91.8 % effects . 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO-ANKARA 

244

EGE BOLGESi PAMUK TARLALARINDA GORULEN 

YABANCIOTLARA 

KAR$I iLAC DENEMESi 

ilknur SERiM* 

Altekin OZKUT* 

Dual 500 EC (Metalachlor) il~1c1 ekim oncesi, Gesegard 500 FW 

(Prometryn) iiaci Herbigation metoduyla pamuk tarlalannda gorOlen yabanclotlara 

kar§1 iki ayn tarlada Manisa'da denenmi§tir. 

Dual 500 EC ilaci (3-4-5 I/ha) tesadOf bloklan deneme desenine 

gore 3 tekerrOrlO olarak denenmi§, ilac;: ekim bncesi toprak yOzeyine 

uygulanml§ ve topraga kan§tlnldlktan sonra pamuk ekimi yapllml§tlr. 

Gesegard 500 FW (4-5 IIha) ise Herbigation metoduyla pamuklann 

ikinci sulama suyuna kan§tlnlarak uygulanml§tlr. 

Degerlendirmeler her iki denemede de 1-9 AYAK skalaslna gore 

yapllml§tlr. 

Yapllan denemelerin sonuglanna gore Dual 500 EC (4 J/ha) Cyperus 

sp., Echinochloa crus-galli, Amaranthus albus, Portulaca 

oleracea, Chenopodium album'a; Gesegard 500 FW (4 I/ha) 

Xanthium strumarium, A.albus, P.oleracea, C.album, 

E.crus-gal/i'ye etkili buunmu§tur. 

CHEMICAL TRIALS AGAINST WEEDS IN COTTON 

FIELDS IN AEGEAN REGION 

ilknur SERiM* 

Altekin OZKUT* 

Dual 500 EC (metalachlor) and Gesegard 500 FW (prometryn) were 

applied in two different cotton field in Manisa, the first as preemergence, 

the second as herbigation method. 

Dual 500 EC trials were set up as randomized block design with 3 

replicates with 3, 4 and 5 I/ha doses. The herbicide was applied on 

the Soil, following mixing the soli, cotton is planted. 

Gesegard 500 FW is applied by herbigation method and added to 

the second irrigation water in 4 and 5 I/ha doses. 

Evaluation was made according to EWRC scale. 

According to results, Dual 500 EC (4 I/ha) was found to be effective 

to Cyprus sp., Echinochloa Crus-galli, .Amaranthus albus, 

Portulaca oleracea and Chenopodium album and Gesegard 

500 FW (4 I/ha) to Xanthium strumarium, A. albus, 

P.olefacea, C.album, and E. Crus-galli. 

• Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO-Bornova-IZMIR 

245

MARMARA BOLGESiNDE AYQiQEGi 

TARLALARINDA BULUNAN CANAVAROTU 

(ORABANCHE CERNUALOET. VAR. CUMANA 

(WALLR.)'NUN DOGAL DU$MANLARININ TESBiTi 

UZERiNDE ON QALI$MALAR 

Erim UNAL* 

Bu gall;;ma 1983 ve 1984 yillannda Edirne, Klrklareli ve Tekirdag illerinde 

41 koyde 122 tarlada yapllml;;tlr. Sorveyler sonucunda canavarotunda 

Phytomyza orobanchia Kltb. (Dip., Agromyzidae) dogal 

bula;;lkllQInIn Umitvar oldugu anla;;llml;;tlr. 

AYrica Smicronyx basalis Schtze. (Col., Curculionidae) larvalannm 

da canavar otlannda beslendigi tesbiti edilmi§tir. TOrkiye faunasl 

igin yeni kaYlt olarak bu gali;;ma ile tesbit edilen ve bu bocegin 

P.orobanchia kadar yaygm ve yogun omadlQI belirlenmi;;tir. 

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE 

DETERMINATION OF NATURA 

ENEMIES OF BROOMRAPE 

ORABANCHE CERNUA LOET. VAR CUMANA 

(Wallr.)) ON SUNFLOWER IN MARMARA REGION 

Erim UNAL* 

This study was carried out in 122 fields of 41 villages of Edirne, 

Klrklareli and Tekirdag provinces during 1983-1984. 

At the end of the survey studies, it was found that naturel contamination 

of Phytomyza orobanchia Kltb. (Dip., Agromyzidae) on 

broomrape was hopeful. In addition to this, it was determined that larves 

of Smicronix basalis Schtze. (Col., Curculionidae) were fed on 

the broomrape. In this study that insect was reported for the first time 

from Turkey. However, it was not as dense and widespredd as 

P.orobanchia was. 

* AtatOrk 8ah~e KUIWrleri Merkez Ara§tlrma Enstitusi.l·YALOVA 

246

MARMARA BOlGESiNDE AYGi

INVESTIGATIONS ON WEED CONTROL 

POSSIBILITIES IN SUNFLOWER 

Cesarettin OZDEMiR* Suna SONMEZ** H.HLiseyin KARASU" 

The purpose of this study was to determine weed control methods 

in sunflower fields of different soil types by applications of herbicides 

before and after planting. Experiments were carried out during 1977 

19484 in Istanbul, Klrklareli and Sakarya provinces. 

The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three replications. 

Applications were made before sowing, 1-5 and 10 days after 

sowing for different soil types such as clay, clay loam and loam. 

Weeds identified in plots included mainly; Sinapis arvensis (wild 

mustard), Amaranthus retroflerus (redroot), Solanum nigrum 

(black nightshade), Heliotropium europeum (heliotrope), Mercuri/lis 

aunnua (mercury), Veronica spp. (speedwel), Convolvulus 

arvensis (field bindweed), Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle) ad 

Sonchus spp. (milk thistle). 

Herbicide applications were made knap-sack sprayer using 500 

600 I. water per hectar. The evaluation of herbicidal effects on weeds 

and sunflower were found the 1-9 EWRC scale. To determine yield the 

plots were harvested, weighted and analysed according to the Duncan 

test. 

Gramonol (5,S I/ha) and Stomp (5 I/ha) didn't effect the weeds. Cartex 

(6 kg/ha), Crmex (1,8 kg/hal, Tribunil (2,5 kg/hal. Sencor (0,5-0.75 

kg/ha), Casoron 5G (1S-20 kg/ha) and Casoron 133 (2,S-3,5 kg/ha) 

were found to be phytotoxic on sunflower. 

Probe 75 (3 kg/ha) and Aresin (3 kg/ha) didin't have phytotoxicity 

on sunflower in clay and clay loam soil, but was phytotoxic in loam 

soils, Afalon (2,5 kg/ha), Igran (3 kg/ha) Epham 7E (4-S I/ha), Gesegard 

80 (2,S kg/ha), Gesegard SOO (3 I/ha) and Treflan (2 IIha) were 

found to be effective against weeds and yield increased comparatively 

in howed and unhowed control plots of clay-loam soil. In loam soil herbicide 

treated and howed plots gave similar yields. 

No phytotoxicity was observed on sunflower when the herbicides 

were applied 1 and 5 days after sowing. However, Afalon had phytotoxic 

efect in loam soil when applied 10 days after sowing and the 

yield was decreased. The other herbicides caused slight injury but the 

yield wasn't decreased. 

As a result, Treflan and Eptam as pre-sowing incorporation, Igran, 

Afalon, Gesegard 80, Gesegard SOO as pre-emergence can recomended 

for sunflower. 

• Trakya Tanmsal Ara§tlrma EnstitUsO-EDIRNE 

•• Zirai MOcadele Ara§urma EnstitOsO-ERENKOY/lsTANBUL 

248

MARMARA BOlGESiNDE BAGlARDA SORUN 

OlAN YABANCIOTlARA KAR$I ilAC DENEMESi 

Cesarettin OZDEMiR* 

Baglarda sorun olan dar yaprakli yabanclotlara kar;;1 ilag denemesi 

1985 Yllmda Bilecik'te yapllml§tlL Denemeler tesadOf bloklan deneme 

deseninde 5tekerrOri0 olarak agilml;;tlr. Fusilade hektara 2-3-4 I dozlannda 

dar yaprakll yabanclotlann karde;;lenme devresinde glkl;; sonrasl 

olarak uygulanml;;tlr. ilaglama adi tazyikli Slrt pOlueriizatorO ile hektara 

500 I. su Ozerinden yapllml;; olup, parsel alam 40 m2 olarak 

almml;;tlr. 

Deneme alantntn esas yabanclOt orWsO Sorghum halepense 

(Kanya;;), Setaria viridis (kirpi dari) ve Avena tatua (yabani yulaf) 

olarak saptanml§tlL ilaglanntn yabanClot ve kOIWr bitkisi Ozerine olan 

etkileri 1-9 AYAK skalastna gore belirlenmi;;tir. 

Fusilade i1acl her Og dozda da toplam flora Ozerinde % 86-95 etkili 

bulunmu;;tur. Bireysel yabanclot tOrleri Ozerinde ise S.haleph ense, 

S. viridis ve A.tatua'ya 2 I/ha dozda % 86-91,3-4 I/ha dozlarda % 

91-95 etkili olmu~tur. 

Hactn baglar Ozerinde herhangi bir fitotoksik etkisi gozlenmi;;tir. 

CHEMICAL TESTS AGAINST WEEDS COMMON IN 

VINEYARDS IN MARMARA REGION 

Cesarettin 6ZDEMiR* 

Chemical trials against grass weeds in vineyards were carried out in 

the Bilecik province in 1985. The experimental design was in randomized 

block with five replications. Fusilade was applied at the rates of 2 

3-411ha as post-emergence when the grass weeds were at tht,l tillering 

stage. Applications were made with Knap sack sprayer by using 500 I 

water per hectar and plots were set up 40 sq. m each. 

The main woods were determined as follows; Sorghum halepense 

(Johnson grass), Setaria viridis (green foxtail) and A vena 

tatua (wild oat). The evaluations of herbicidal effects,on weeds were 

found by using the 1-9 EWRC scale. 

Fusilade provided 86-95 % control at the rates of 2-3-4 I/ha to the 

total flora. At a rate of 2 Vha it gave 86-91 % and at 3-4 Vha it gave 

91-95% control against johnson grass, green foxtail and wild oat. 

No phytotoxicity was observed on vineyards . 

• Trakya Tanmsal Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO-EDIRNE 

249

QUKUROVA TURUNQGiL BAHQELERiNDE SORUN 

OLAN YABANCIOTLARA KAR$I iLAQLI 

MOCADELE OLANAKLARI OZERiNDE ON 

QALI$MALAR 

Erkin ULUG* 

izzel KADIOGLU* 

Gukurova'da ilkbaharda turunggil bahgesinin, topragl yllda 1 defa 

ve 3 defa i§lenmi§ olmak uzere iki bolumunde, Krovar-I (4-8 kg/ha), 

Hyvar-x (8 kg/na), Fusilade (1-2-3 ve 4 I/ha) ve Roundup (10 IIha) denemeye 

allnml§tlr. 

Deneme tesad01 bloklan deneme desenine gore 3 tekerrOrlO olarak 

kurulmu§, 1 a9ag altl (8x8= 64 m2) bir parsel kabul edilmi§tir. Krovar-I 

ve Hyvar-x glkl§ oncesi, Fusilade yabanclotlar 20-30 cm boyda iken, 

Roundup ise ba§ak ve gigeklenmeden az once uygulanml§lardlr. 

ilaglamada adi Slrt pOverizatorQ ve yelpaze tip meme kullanllml§tlr. 

Gozlemler, ilaglamadan glkl§ oncesi igin: 1-2 ve 4 ay sonra, glkl§ sonrasl 

igin: 15 gOn, 1 ay ve 3 ay soma yapllml§ ve 1-9 AYAK skalaslna 

gore degerlendirilmi§tir. ilaglann 1itotoksisite gozlemleri ise ertesi Yilin 

sonbahanna kadar sOrdOrulmO§tOr. 

Alman sonuglara gore toprak i§leme saYlslndan etkilenmemek 

Ozere Krovar-I'in 4 kg/ha dozu yllilk yabanclotlara (Portulaca oleracea, 

Amaranthus albus, Echinochloa colonum, Setaria 

glauca, Digitaria sanguinalis, Malva sp.) % 91.8-% 100 arasl, 8 

kg/ha dozu ile Hyvar-x, bu tOrlerle birlikte gok Yllilk tOrlerde Cynodon 

dactylon, Sorghum halepense ve Cyperus spp'ye kar§! % 86 

95.4 arasl etkili olmu§tur. Roundup, adl gegen tOrlere ilaveten Convolvulus 

arvensis'e de % 86-95.4 etkili, Fusilade ise her iki toprak 

i§lemede 1 I/ha dozu ile tek Yllilk gimensilere (E. col onum, 

S.glauca, D.sanguinalis) % 91.8 etkili olurken bu tOrlerle beraber 

C.dactylon ve S.halepense'ye1 kez i§lenen bahgede 4 I/ha 

dozu, 3 kez i§lenen bahgede ise 3 I/ha dozu % 86-91.8 gibi yeterli etki 

gostermi§tir. 18 ay boyunca ilaglann kOltOr bitkisinde herhangi bir 1itotoksisitesi 

gorOlmemi§tir. 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstiWsu-ADANA 

250

PRILIMINARY STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL 

CONTROL OF WEEDS OF CITRUS ORCHARDS IN 

CUKUROVA REGION 

Erkin ULUG* 

izzet KAOIOGLU' 

Krovar-I (4-8 kg/ha), Hyvar-x (8 kg/ha), Fusilade (1-2-3 and 4 I/ha) 

and Roundup (10 I/ha) were tested in spring a citrus orchard of which 

a block has only soil cultivation andother three soil cultivation in a 

year. 

Experiments were carried out according ot randomized block design 

with 3 replications as one tree in every plot (8x8= 64 m2). Krovar-I 

and Hyvar-x as pre-emergence, Fusilade while weed of 20-30 cm tall 

and Roundup before weeds of ear and bloom were applied. Chemicals 

were sprayed using knapsack pulverizator with tee-jet type nozzle. 

The results were determinde by 1-9 (EWRC) scale in 1,2 and 4 

months after pre-emergence application of chemicals and on 15 days, 

1 and 3 months after post-emergence application of chemicals. Phytotoxicity 

has been observed until the following autumn. 

According results 4 kg/ha doses of Krovar-I gave 91.8-100 % effectiveness 

against annual weeds (Portulaca oleracea, AmaranthUs 

albus, Echinochloa colonum, Setaria glauca, Digitaria 

sanguinalis, Malva spp), 8 kg/ha doses of Krovar-I and Hyvar-x 

gave 86-95.4 % effectiveness against annual weeds and perennial 

weeds (Cynodon dactylon, Sorghum halepense and Cyperus 

spp.). Roundup was 86-95.4 % effective these annual and perennial 

weeds and Convolvulus arvensis. 1 I/ha dose of Fusilade in one 

and three soil cultivation was 91,8 % effective against annual weed 

grass (E.colonum, S.glauca, D.sanguinalis), 4 I/ha dose in one 

soil cultivation and 3 I/ha dose in three soil cultivation were 86~91.8 % 

effective against these same weeds and C.dactylon and 

S.halepense. Phytotoxicity of chemicals has not been observed 

along 18 month, 

* Zirai MOcade.le Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO-ADANA 

251

EGE BOLGESi TARIHI ALANLARINDAKi 

VABANCIOTLARA KAR$I iLAC DENEMELERi 

Erkin ULUG* 

Altekin OZKUT" 

Turizm kaynaglmlz olan tarihi alanlardaki eski eserlerin gezilip 

gorOlmesini engelleyen, kuru iken yangtna neden olarak zararh olan, 

turiste zarar verebilecek hayvanlan barmdlran bu arada ta§lann 

Ylkllmalanna veya renklerinin bozulmasma neden olan bitkilere kar§1 

ila9h mOcadele olanaklannl saptamak amaci ile 1982 Ylllnda Erbotan 

80 WP (15 kg/ha), Gesatop 80 WP (10 kg/ha), Gesaprim 50 WP (15 

kg/ha), Karmex 80 WP(5 kg/ha) Krovar-II{10 kg/ha) Aminotriazol (40 

kg/ha) Nata (150 kg/ha) Roundup (10 I/ha) Tordon 101-Mixture (15 II 

ha) Hyvar x {10 kg/ha ve Gramoxone (5 I/ha) adh ilaglann once tarihi 

eserlerde en gok kullanilan 2 cins mermere etkilerini gormek amaci ile 

ilaglann 1000 I/ha su oranmda belirtilen dozlarda eriyikler hazlrlanarak, 

a§mdmclllklanni tesbit igin mermerin parlatllml§ yOzeyine; renk 

degi§tiriciliklerini tesbit igin de mat yOzeyine normal olarak 

pOskOrtOlmO§ler ve eriyiklerin de Ph degerleri olgOlmO§tor. jlaglamadan 

4 ay sonra yapllan incelemede higbir ilacln mermerde herhangi bir iz 

blrakmadlQI gorOlmO§, asidite yonOnden ise Roundup (Ph= 4.5) harig 

diger ilaglann notr stnlrlar iginde kaldlklan saptanml§tlr. 

ilaglann bitkilere etkileri (6nceden saptanml§ oldugu igin Gramoxon 

ve Hyvar-X harig) iki bolOmde incelenmi§, ilk once odunsu bitkilere kar§1 

Roundup ve Tordon 101 glkl§ sonrasl olarak ilkbahar sonunda denenmi§ 

ve 4 ay sonraki sonuglan, Anagyris foetida, Ferula communis, 

Rubus fruticosus ve Ononis spinosa gibi odunsulara kar§1 

yeterli bulunmu§tur. 

ikinci gblOm olarak otsu bitkilere kar§1 sonbaharda Erbotan 80 WP, 

Gesatop 80 WP, Gesaprim 50 WP, Karmex 80 WP, NATA ve Krovar-II 

glkl§ oncesi olarak denenmi§ ve 18 ay sonra {2. vegetasyon sonunda} 

yalnlzca Erbotan 80 WP, {Hypericum sp.harig} Trifolium spp, Lo 

Num sp, Ferula communis, Cichorium intybus, Verbascum 

nigrum, Asphodelus microcarpus, Cynodon dactylon ve 

Rubus fruticosus gibi otsu ve odunsu bitkileere % 100 etkili bulunmu§ 

diger ilaglann etkisi yetersiz kalml§tlr. Sonug olarak Tordori 101 

mixture ve Roundup odunsu, Erbotan 80 WP ise otsu ve odunsu bitkilere 

kar§1 tarihi alanlarda kullamlabilir . 

• Zirai Mucadele Ara§tlrma EnstitUsu-ADANA 

** Zirai Mucadele Ara§tlrma EnstiWsu-BornovatiZMIR 

252

CHEMICAL CONTROL POSSIBILITIES OF WEEDS 

IN HISTORICAL PLACES IN AEGEAN REGION 

Erkin ULUQ* 

Altekin OZKUP* 

The herbaceus weeds and woody plants have caused various important 

injuries in the historical places. Those weeds emerging in 

those areas can obstacle the seeing and touring of those places by 

visitors. Those weeds and shrubs may cover historical monuments, 

give shelter the harmful animals and cause the colapsing of the stone 

walls. And the most important, the herbaceus weeds may cause on 

fires when they are dry, and the fires can cause the infuries to the 

most of the old monuments formed by marmble and calcerousstones. 

In additional, the weeds, shrubs, and the masses of algae, fungi and 

lichen growing and proliferating on the surfaces of the soft stone monuments 

may change their colours badly. 

To determine the possibility of herbicide using against to herbaceus 

weeds and shrubs in the historical places, a series of the experiments 

were done. Firstly, the effect of some hercicides on the historical 

monuments were tested. For this purpose, the solutions of Erbotan 

80 WP (15 kg/hal, Gesatop 80 WP (5 kg/hal, Krovar-II (10 kg/hal, 

Aminotriazol (40 kg/hal, NATA (150 kg/hal, Roundup (10 I/ha), Tordon 

101 mixture (15 I/ha), Hyvar-x (10 kg/hal and Gramoxone (5 IIha) were 

prepared, determined in Ph, and pulverized on the marble monuments. 

Except Roundup (Ph: 4.5), Ph degreeas of the solutions were 

about neutral levels. Four months after the applications, the surfaces 

of the marbles were observed and seen to be uninjuried in colour and 

brillance. 

The effect of Gramoxone and Hyvar-x herbicides on the weeds 

were not tested because they had previously been tested. The effect 

of other herbicides were tested in two section. In first section, the effect 

of Roundup and Tordon 101 on the woody plants as post emergence 

application made in last spring were tested. At the and of the 

* Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO-ADANA 

.. Zirai MOcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitOsO-BornovallZMIR 

253

observation made four months after the application the effect of these 

herbicides against the shrubs such as Anagyrus foetida, Ferula 

communis, Rubus fruticosus and Ononsis spinoss we re 

found to be sufficient. In second section, the effect of Erbotan 80 WP, 

Gesatop 80 WP, Gesaprin 50 WP, Karmex 80 WP, NATA and Krovar 

II herbicides were tested against the herbaceus weeds as preemergence 

application made in the fall. At the end of the observations 

made after 18 months, it was found that only Erbotan 80 WP showed 

100 % effectiveness against to the herbaceaus weeds and some 

shrubs such as Trifolium sp., Medicago sp., Vicia spp., A vena 

spp., Geranium sp., Trigonella sp., Bromus spp., Lolium spp., 

Ferula communis Cichorium, intybus, Verbascum nigrum, 

Asphodelus microcarpus, Cynodon dactylon and Rubus 

fruticosus but it was not effective against to Hypericum sp. All 

other herbicides were not effective against all the weeds and shrubs. 

It was concluded that it could be possible to use the Tordon 101 

and Roundup herbicides agains to the shrubs, and the Erbotan 80 

WP herbicide against to the weeds and shrubs. 

254

DiGERLERi 

THE OTHERS

O RKiYE'NiN MUHTELiF SOLGELERiNDE 

ORETiLEN PEYNiRLERDE DDT VE SHC 

KALINTILARININ ARA~TIRILMASI 

Aylen GUVENER' Feriha KOQOKKALlPQI' Kevser NURLU' 

Tahir OK' 

1983-1985 ytllannda TOrkiye'nin muhtelif yerlerinden alman 67 adet 

peynir orneginde DDT, SHC ve izomerlerini tayin etmek Ozere 

Qali~llml§, Faubert Maunder et al. (1964) metodu bazl modifikasyonlar 

yapllarak uygulanml§tlr. Numune hexanla ekstrakte edilmi§, ekstrakt 

sogutulduktan sonra Ost klsmmdan olQOIO miktan ahnml§ ve bu ekstrak 

ta DMF ile ekstrakte edilmi§tir. Hexan fazl aynlarak ahnml§ ve alumina 

kolonundan gegirilerek temizlenmi§, bunu takiben hexan vakumda 

ugurulmu§ en sonda 1 ml hexanda gozOlmO§, gaz kromatografi 

cihazmda bulunan ve Gas Chrom Q OzeriRde % 5 Q F-1 igeren kolona 

enjekte edilerek, EC detektorle pikleri almml§ ve kantitatif 

degerlendirme yapllml§tlr. 

Numunelerde DDT kalmtlsma rastlanmaml§ ancak bazl numunelerde 

SHC kalmtllan tespit edilmi§tir. 

INVESTIGATION OF DDT AND SHC RESIDUES IN 

CHEESES PRODUCED IN THE 

DIFFERENT REGION OF TURKEY 

Aylen GUVENER* Feriha KUC;UKKALlPC;" Kevser NURLU' 

Tahir OK' 

DDT and SHC (and their isomers) residues were determined in the 

67 cheese samples taken from the different region of Turkey in 1983 

1985. Faubert Mounder et al (1964) method after some modifications 

were applied to the samples. For that, the samples were extracted 

with hexan and than this extract was cooled. From the top of the extract 

was taken known 'lolume and shaked with DMF. After seperation, 

hexan phase was collected and cleaned up on the alumina column. 

The cleaned extracts were injected into gas chromatograph equipped 

with ECD and 6 feet glas column filled with 5% QF-1 on Gas 

Chrom Q 

DDT residues were not found in the samples but SHC residues 

were detected in some samples . 

• Zirai MQcadele Ara§tlrma EnstitUsu·ANKARA 

257

1992 (1985-1986)

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