t - New York Civil Liberties Union

001 

Union-Endicott 

Plans for Tuesday, 12/21: Periods 1 and 3 

" Please write tedav's essential questions on the board. Students should write and 

answer them in their notebooks ... 

"lf Parenthood Required a License..." 

1) Are you ready to be a parent? 

2) What should you be like when you become a parent? 

3) What makes a good parent? 

4) Explain why you agree or disagree ..." It takes a vi "age to raise a child." 

Distribute the work packets and have students complete the personal readiness 

quiz on the first page. 

Tell them not to work on the following 

pages while they are watching the movie. 

Show the movie on Teen Parenthood (24 minutes), Mommy, Daddy, Wait for me. 

After the movie, have them work in pairs or groups (of their choice) to complete 

Activity Sa and Activity Sb. 

·If time, callon 

Please collect worksheets at the end of class. 

Thank you, 

Christine 

a few groups to share their responses. 

J~lJC,J\~/A 

\, )

002 


FAMIL Y LIFE EDUCATION 

Senior High Pre/Post Test 

Health I 

T F DK 1. The vagina is the place inside a woman's body where a fertilized 

egg implants to grow into a fetus .. 

T F DK 2. A female can get pregnant the first time she has sexual intercourse. 

T F DK 3. Increased hormone production, beginning at puberty, is responsible 

for physical, sexual and emotional changes during adolescence. 

T F DK 4. 80% -90% of sexually active couple's who don't use birth control 

become pregnant within one year's time. 

T F DK 5. A woman is least likely to get pregnant if she has sexual 

intercourse about two weeks before her next period. 

T F DK 6. 

period. 

A woman can get pregnant if she has sexual intercourse during her 

T F DK 7. Recent studies show that one out often teenage women gets 

pregnant each year in the United States. 

T F DK 8. If a female thinks she is pregnant she must wait until her period is 

at least two weeks late to get an,ACCURATE urine pregnancy test. 

T F DK 9. The use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs during pregnancy 

increases the risk of birth defects, miscarriages and other complications. 

T F DK 10. Studies show that the majority of teens regularly use a reliable 

method of birth control ifthey have sexual intercourse. 

T F· DK 11. Abstinence (not having sexual intercourse) is the only method of 

contraception which is 100% effective and has no side effects. 

T F DK 12. During intercourse, if aman withdraws before he ejaculates 

(comes), the woman will not get pregnant. 

T F DK 13. Contraceptive foam and condoms, when used right each and every 

time, are as effective in preventing pregnancy as the birth control pill. 

T F DK 14. Some cases of gonorrhea and syphilis are caught by contact with 

dirty toilets, drinking fountains and swimming pools.

003 


T F DK 32. There is no cure for Herpes. 

T F DK 33. The HIV virus can be passes through saliva. 

T F DK 34. The most effective form of birth control (other than abstinence) is 

a condom with spermicide and/or a diaphragm with spermicide. 

T F DK 35. Being ready for sexual involvement with another person involves 

social responsibility, emotional responsibility and physical responsibility.

004 


GROUND RULES FOR DISCUSSING SEXUALITY 

1. No preaching, no put-downs of others' values. All points of views 

are worthy of being discussed. 

2. No question is "dumb". Questions only indicate a desire for 

knowledge. They do not tell you anything else about the person 

asking the question. 

3. It is all right for the teacher to blush, feel embarrassed or not 

know answers to all the questions. 

4. When possible, anatomically-correct terminology should be 

used. When a student does not know the correct terminology, 

use the term he/she knows and teacher or classmate will 

respectfully supply the correct terminology. 

5. Do not address personal questions to the teacher or to members 

of the class. 

6. Everyone has the right to pass on activities or on answering 

questions they don't wish to answer. I also may choose not to 

answer a question in front of the entire class. 

7. No talking about class members' comments outside of our 

classroom. 

8. I will respect confidentiality ground rules, except where I am 

required by law to disclose information, i.e. sexual abuse, or if 

what isshared is illegal or dangerous to students. 

9. Speak for yourself. Use "I" messages to state your opinions or 

feelings. 

10. If you or anyone else has a complaint about the class, please 

come directly to me to discuss it. 

11. Discussthe issues raised in class with yOUI"parents and give an 

accurate accounting of what the class is about. Do not 

sensationalize. 

12. If you deliberately break any of these rules you will be removed 

from the classroom until you are ready to abide by them.

005 


NAME 

DATE 

:li 

Music with a Message 

Due Date: 

One important media form for teens is music. Music can relax, energize, relieve stress, 

inform, and entertain. Writers and musicians use lyrics and rhythms to share their feelings 

and insights about life. Many people are personally influenced by the messages in a song. 

Whàt makes music especially interesting is thatthe same song can be interpreted in different 

ways by different people. 

Instructions. 

1. Think about and select a song that has Ei message about sex. This may include lyrics 

about love, relationships, breaking up, cheating, stereotypes, sexual violence, and so 

forth. It can be any form of musle-tor instance, new, old, rock, rap, metal, country, or 

Broadway. You should obtain a copy ofthe song on audiocassette, CD; or digital file 

-.if your teacher has. access to the technology needed to play it in class .. 

2. On a separate sheet of paper, type the complete words to the song (you can find the 

lyrics to many songs online). Also include the artist(s) who recorded it, the album or 

CD it came from, and the year recorded. 

3. Make copies of the lyrics for everyone in the class, including your instructor. 

4. On a second sheet of paper, which be handed in to the teacher, answer the following 

questions (minimum of 1 page long): 

• What do you think the song is about? 

• Why did you choose the.song forthe assignment? What does it mean to you? 

• What is the message(s) you get from this song? Do you think this song sends a 

positive or negative message about sexuality? Why? 

• Cite at least three specific lines from the song that reflect this message. 

• How do you think young people react when they hear this song? Are they persuaded 

by the song? Do they take comfort in the song? Are they uplifted? What 

emotions and/or behaviors are affected? 

• How do you think adults react when they hear this song? Do they react the same 

way as young people? 

• Other comments, 

reactions? 

6. Be prepared to play and talk about your song in class.

006 


NAME 

DATE 

Music with a Message 

Superior 

15-17 Points 

Good 

12-14 Points 

Needs Improvement 

11 or Fewer Points 

Lyrics 

The complete lyrics to 

the song are included. 

Partial lyrics to the 

song are included. 

No ivrles-are 

included. 

Message 

The message of the 

song is entirely related 

to sexuality education. 


song is partially 

related to sexuality 

education. 


song is not related 

to sexuality education. 

Reflection 

In-depth reflection on 

all7 bullets on the 

.direction sheet for 

the assignment. The 

student elaborates on 

opinions without 

being redundant. The 

reflection is thoughtful 

and insightful and 

clearly demonstrates a 

connection between the 

assignment and the 

sexuality education unit. 

Reflection on 5-7 of 

the bullets on the 

direction sheet for 

the assignment. The 

student discusses 

opinions without 

being redundant. 

The reflection is 

thoughtful and 

demonstrates a 

connection between 

the assignment and 

the sexuality 

The reflection does 

not demonstrate 

thoughtfulness or 

insight. The student 

responds to 4 or fewer 

of the bullets on the 

direction sheet for the 

assignment. The 

reflection is redundant 

and does not show 

evidence of 

understanding the 

connection between the 

assignment and the 

sexuality education 

unit. . 

Writing 

Style 

Paper is well written: 

written in own words 

in interesting style. 

Focused and on-topic. 

Good sentence 

structure. 

Parts of paper are 

difficult to understand. 

Some evidence of 

copying. Writing is 

not completely 

focused on topic. 

Difficult to follow 

because of sentence 

and paragraph 

structure. 

Paperis poorly written 

arid difficult to 

understand. Much 

evidence of copying .. 

Writing is unfocused 

and off topic.

007 


ÑAME 

DATE 

i ,1 

Superior 

15-17 Points 

Good 

12-14 Points 

Needs Improvement 

11 or Fewer Points 

Editing Paper is neatly done; Paper is somewhat Paper is done in messy 

creative and organized, neatly done. Some and careless manner: 

great deal ofattentian is attention is paid to no attention is paid to. 

paid to detail, writing or detail, some white-out detail. Too many whiteword 

processing is cross-outs. Some out cross-outs. Little 

neatly done. Evidence. evidence-of evidence of 

of proofreading and proofreading and proofreading and 

editing. Legible; neatly editing. Somewhat editing. Illegible; not 

typed (12 or 14 point legible; typed (12 or neatly typed. Many 

size, double spaced). 14 point size, double grammar, spelling, and 

Good grammar, spelling spaced). Some punctuation errors. 

and punctuation. mistakes in 

grammar, spelling, 

and punctuation. 

Page Length One full page or longer. Three quarters to one One-half page long or 

page long. 

less. 

reliness Paper is on time. Paper is one day late. Paper is more than 

two days late; 

, 

, 

, 

, 

i 

I 

! 

I , 

I 

I 

, 

,

008 


NatDe _ Date ~--_----- 

STDS: GETIINGHELP 

G:1t::] Q;J ~ 

=lii:lIl1:J~ 

=l!IJlE1 

lJJl1= a:J 

t:z:JCJ::J~ 

1. Call the AIDS National Hotline: 

1-800-342-AIDS (toll free) 

2. Call the VD National Hotline: 

1-800-227-8922 (toll free) 

3. Call area clinics: _ 

4. Call the Department of Health: _ 

NOTE: If you are under 18, the law permits you to obtain confidential STD medical 

care without parental permission. It is, however, suggested that you consult 

with your parents if at all possible.

009 


WORKSHE." 

My Risks 

.~\ 

My number is 

_ 

. Part A. I (my girlfriend) would be pregnant after just .; .; '_ months of having sex once a 

. month. We would have a baby in the month of if I (or she) carried the 

baby to term. 

1. Within a few days of finding out about the pregnancy, I would have to: 

2. The pregnancy would change the next year of my life by: 

Part B. I don't want to be a teenage parent because I want to: 

1.~. ___ 

2. __ 

3. ~ __ 

10

010 


,~I?¡C~':'~, 

NAME 

DATE 

If-Parenthood Required a License ... 

Imagine that a law has been passed requiring people to get licenses before they can 

become parents. You have been hired to decide who should get licenses and on what basis. 

Fill in this form to explain who will qualify for a license. 

1. Will you have an age stipulation? If no, explain why not. If yes, give the age range 

and explain 

why you chose this age range. 

2. Will you have an education requirement? If no, explain why not. If yes, give the educational 

backqroundrequired and explain why you chose this. 

ci 

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ul 

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011 


\N1-IA T IS YOUR PJ:SK? 

SEXUALLY TR..A.NSMll I=.D DISEP..SE 

Personal. Assessment 

Level: Grade 7 -12 

This is a private, anonymous activity. You will not be asked to share results of 

your assessment, so please answer the questions honestly. The purpose of this 

risk assessment tool is to help ;LQl.1. examine your own risk for getting an STD 

(Sexually transmitted disease) including HIV ¡.AIDS. 

l. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

Begin with zero ·1 

If you are 14-16 years old, add 5 points 

If you are 18-22. years old, add 7 points 

If you have never had sexual interc:ou...'"Se subtract 5 points 

If you have had sexual intercourse add 3 points for acll sex partner you 

have in the last two yeaxs .. 

Subtract 1 paint for each sex partner who you knew far at least six months 

before you had sex 

Subtractl point for each sex partner with whom you discussed STD's and 

past sex partners before having sex. 

Subtract 3 points if you always used a latex condom with spermicide for 

~ sex partner 

Subtract 1 point if you understand all the STD symptoms and would seek 

testing for STO's (including HIV testing) at regular intervals 

My personal risk score is: (total) 

No risk or low risk 

Moderate risk' 

Serious risk 

0-5 points 

6-10 points 

11+ points 

Reducing your risk for an STD is a matter of making choices 

a. Practice abstinence - not having sex is, obviously, a foolproof way to avoid. 

sexually transmitted diseases. 

b. Practice monogamy - having sex with onlyone partner who has sex only 

with you greatly reduces your risk. 

e. Practice prevention - use a latex condom (also known as a "rubber" or 

prophylactic"). Properly used, a condom will prevent many STD's. 

Diaphragms, spern:úcidal foams, and jellies, containing a nànoxynol-9 

type spermicide may add extra protection when used with a latex condom 

d. . Reduce your number of partners - the more partners you have, the more 

you increase your c.ha.nce of getting an STO 

e. Behave responsibly with partne...-s - discuss health concerns with partners 

and know STO sym.ptoms. 

£. Request tests for STDs and HIVbefore becoming pregnant and if already 

pregnant '. .. oo' 

I can reduce my risk by --- 

AdaplCd: by Eiken Ponto Î!'OmAmerican Social Hc:a.lth Associanon . 

1 ill 

.'

012 


SEX SMART 'DR TEENS: STis 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

Name 

Infection Worksheet 

___ 

For each STI, eirde either "curabie" or "incurable" and what the infecrion is caused by. 

Then, cirde the treatment method( s) that apply ro each in.fecrion. 

Date 

__ 

l. GENITAL HERPESSlMPLEX 2 

a) Type of infection (cirde one): 

curable / incurable 

b) Caused by (cireie one): 

bacteria / parasite I virus 

c) Treatment (cirde all. that apply): 

antibiotics or medication I no way to cure I 

medication 

to ease symptoms 

2. S\"PHILIS 


curable I incurable 

b) Caused by (cirde one): 

bacteria / parasite / virus 

c) Treatment (cirde aH that apply) ; 

antibiotics or medication / no way to cure / 

medication 


3. CHLAMYDIA 

a) T);pe ofinfection (cirde one) : 

curable / incurable 


bacteria / parasite I virus 

c~ Treatment (cirde aH that apply): 


medication 


4. HEPATITIS B 

a ) Type of infection (cirde one) : 

curable 

/ incurable 


bacteria I parasite I virus 

c) Treatment (cirde an that apply): 


medication 


5. GONORRHEA 



b) Causedhy(cirde one): 

bacteria /pp.rasitel virus "~ 

í,~&:',~ú'- c- 

c) Treatment (cirde aHthat apply): 

antibiotics or medication I no way to cure / 

medication 


6. HUMAN IMJl.1UNODEFlClENCYVIRUS (HIV) 

a) Type of infection (cirde one) : 




c) Treatment (circle al! that appl')I); 


medication 

7. CRABS!PUBIC LICE 


a) Type of infection (cirde one); 


b) Caused hy (cirde one): 

bacteria I parasite I virus " 

c) Treatment (circle aH that appl.y): 


medication 


8. HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV) 



b) Caused by (circle one): 


c) Treatment (cirde aH that apply): 


medication 

9. TRICHOMONIASIS 


a) Type of infection (circle one): 


b) Caused by (circle one) ; 


c) Treatment (cirde aH that apply) ; 


meditation 

to ease symptoms

013 


"-" 

ABSTINENCE 

rI" 

MyrII ..Most teenagers are having sex. / 

"Am· Most teens are choosing not to have sex. The percentage of high school 

students who have had sex has declined over the past decade. 

Did Y ou Know? 

• 2/3 of sexually active teens stated that they wished they had waited to have sex. 

(National Campaign To Prevent Teen Pregnancy, www.thenationalcampaign.org) 

• Girls who are sexually involved with older partners are more likely to get pregnant than 

those who are involved with partners closer to their own age. 

(National Campaign To Prevent Teen Pregnancy, www.thenationalcampaign.org) 

What is Abstinence? 

• A fancy word for choosing not to be sexually active. A person can choose to abstain at any 

point in their life. Even if you have been sexual active in the past you always have the right 

to say no, and abstain. Being sexually active is defined as participating in any sex play that 

can result in either a pregnancy or transmitting an STD, including HIV. 

• In order to understand why a teen would chose to wait to become sexual active, you must 

also understand the reason's why they would become sexual active and the consequences 

Reasons why you would Reasons why you might NOT 

choose abstinence choose Abstinence . 

~personal beliefs/values ~ peer pressure 

~notready 

~ wanting to feel like adult 

~don't want to jeopardize future goals ~fear of rejection 

~stress 

~ wanting a baby 

....religious beliefs 

~ being made fun of 

~ other focuses, ex: music, dancing, after school ac- ~ wanting to have fun 

tivities 

~ wanting sexual pleasure 

~ to protect your health ~ think you owe the person 

~sports 

~HORMONES 

~ not interested ~curious 

~parents 

~ wanting intimacy 

~not in love ~think you are in LOVE 

~friends 

~ to avoid pregnancy 

~ to avoid STIIHIV 

~ sacrifice, ex: will not be able to do what they want 

.'""J',h_·'.,,: 

the Real Deal Quiz Show Study Guide 24

014 


',",o' 

:-v~

015 


Nrune: 

~_==__==...------ 

sexual pressure 

. ) ;/ 

Talking about things like :mv and condórriS can be awkward. But avoiding a little 

embarrassment is not worth risking your life. If you are planning to be sexually active in the 

future, it's important to decide ahead of time how you will-bring up the subject of safer sex. 

Keep these tips in mind: 

8:;? % of girls feel pressure to do more sexually than they're ready to .... 

_--,,-7-,-1_% of guys feel pressure to do more sexually than they're ready to .... 

It's natural for teens who have been dating to feel sexually attracted to one another. 

Having sex should be a huge decision and something as important sex shouldn't be left to 

chance. No matter what your decisions about sex are, and how physically or emotionally 

intimate you will become with someone, it is very important that you make informed and 

responsible decisions about sex. 

Some people believe that "everyone" is having sex. But, there are strong medical, 

personal, and relationship-building reasons for teens not to have sex, that is, to abstain 

or post-pone from sexual intercourse. Many teens know that. 

.It is sometimes hard to practice abstinence or post-ponement. (A good way to stick to it 

is to remind yourself the advantages of not getting pregnant, getting some else pregnant 

or getting a STD yourself). It helps to think ahead and set limits for expressing sexual 

. feelings. By setting limits on what is right for you before a situation arises, it is easier to 

, stick to the standards yOU;set. 

Talking about sex, love, protection, and relationships is critical to getting what you want 

and avoiding what you don't want. Talking about these things is hard so it is tempting to 

just hope your boyfriend/girlfriend will understand what you want and do it. That is not 

alwa~s the case. Teens who are pregnant, got someone pregnant or got a STD, when 

asked what they talked about in the situations that led to the problem often say ... 

"We didn't talk about it...we just did it" or "itjust happened. " 

(No .. .it didn't just happen.) 

Not talking about it will almost surely put you at risk for pregnancy, HIVor another 

STD. And, not to mention, quite possibly, a broken heart. 

Your physical health, emotional well-being, social safety, economic safety, and 

future are too important for you to allow your genitals to determine. 

A. Teen Sex involves physical risks 

l. Disease 

2.: Pregnancy 

3. Increased incidence of cervical cancer 

4. Increased incidence of infertility latex in life 

5. Risks associated with use of contraception 

6. Risks associated with abortion ....

016 


B. Teen Sex involves psychological risks 

. 1. Guilt 

2. Doubt 

3. Fear 

4. Disappointment 

5~ Self-hatredl"walk of shame" 

6. Pain of exploiting someone or being exploited 

7. Broken heart 

C. Teen Sex involves Emotional Risks 

1. Stunted growth in personal identity and social relationships 

2. -Being fooled into staying with the wrong person 

3. Using sex to avoid rather than to express intimacy 

D. Teen Sex is a public health issue 

A. Sexually Transmitted Diseases are spreading at epidemic rates: 

1. Anyone who is sexually active can get an STD. 

2. Symptoms often go undetected. 

3. Treatment is not always possible. 

4. Unmarried young people can help prevent STD's from spreading by 

-avoiding sexual activity. . 

5. Marriedpersons can help prevent STD's from spreading by remaining 

monogamous (faithful). 

. " 

You should never surrender your health and well-being for the pleasure or approval of 

another human being. Do not assume someone else will take care of you •..do not let 

someone else "take care" o/you. Take care-of yourself. 

Ways to Empower Yourself: 

1) Say no when you want to 

2) Use safer sex protection always and correctly. 

... 

! 

"I was 

dared to perform oral 

sax in Trutl1 or Dâ're. Lucidly the 

guy was too shy. Iwas about to 

do it, even though Idicln;~"w.anf 

to.pfE¡ú~~ûrê'makes you please 

,eJ~~~~L~N~,~~~::~:R~~!~"

017 


Name: 

__ 

~ 

Pre/Post Test 

Decide whether the following statements are true or false. 

1. TRUE or FALSE: Males produce new sperm 

throughout their lifetime. 

2. TRUE or FALSE: Sperm and urine can pass 

through a male's penis at the same time. 

3. TRUE or FALSE: Females produce new eggs 

throughout their lifetime. 

4. TRUE or FALSE: Fertilization occurs when the 

genetic material from an egg and spenn combine. 

5. TRUE or FALSE: Many sperm can fertilize a 

single egg. 

6. TRUE or FALSE: The embryo, placenta and other 

structures develop from the fertilized egg. 

7. TRU E or FALSE: At the end of the first trimester of 

pregnancy, the fetus is a fully formed, but miniature, human. 

8. TRUE or FALSE: The second trimester is generally 

the most uncomfortable for a pregnant woman. 

9. TRUE or FA.LSE: The fetal lungs do not develop 

fully until the third trimester of pregnancy. 

10. TRUE or FALSE: Human pregnancy typically 

lasts about 270 days. 

The Answer Key for this activity appears on the next page. 

-"',. 

HUMAN RELATIONS MEDIA GI 

HUMAN REPRODUCTION AND CHILDBIRTH

018 


+< 

" , 

.. ~,:j~:cl' :'~, .J, II:.' ... ';} , 

T~"aQ.h.!.QgTools 

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(OI.Æ ~~ vep:ect+ Wà'YdA- 

q, 

, 

o,' . I "~' -. ':-'.: '.' r ' ' ~. , , 

s~ 

" , 

4Hd t)~,. ri ~~'R~ 

, I, (Fill 

in the blanks) . 

Once upon a time in a faraway place called Loveville there lived a small, charming 

young fellow named seymour J. Spenn. He began his life in an almond-shaped gland 

called a +- .:f:.~ 1- L C _I ~ which was located in a sac' caned the.' 

.s~ Lah~ This sac hung under a long organ call~d ~f. € .Q L..$:...., through 

which either ß.L..L. Y\ ~ or Sr e...1fJ.£.Ú passed (but not ,at the same time). 

Although young, immature and underdeveloped, Seymour was a dreamer, yearning for 

faraway places; Perhaps even a lovely female sex cell might be in his future. Before he 

could seek his fortune, however, he needed time to mature and become strong, So he 

moved upstairs into the e... ~ .L&LcL 'I-MU 2. with millions of' his Pàfs and waitect" 

until he grew up. , , 

On the other side of town, a young egg cell named Olivia .fjIt 1!l11 had been, 

developing with many of her friends in an almond-shaped gland called the () V ß. yr' li 

She had been there since her mistress's birth waiting for her tum to be. sent out into theT 

world, hopefully to meet her special guy. 

. The dày fmåll'12arrived ~hen OliVia,.was.forced out of the O V fl,v: ¥- ~n drown 

it~ the nearby +ir LID j2 _La..tt2 tube by a waving, flnger-Ilke structure called a' 

_ .L v:û ~ 'L L o.... . Carried al~)ng by the slight contractions of this tube, she came to, rest 

bout one-third of the way from where she had entered, excited by th,e possibility ~fl 

meeting the man of her dreams. She knew thatshe'd only be around for about 2-._:1 ' 

hours, so she hoped-he'd hurry! .' " 

Seymour, by this time, felt quite strong and ready to face the world. 'One day he notlced 

an unusual excitement around him .as if sornethingirnportant was about to happen, All (Ir 

a sudden, he felt himself being pushed into the V Q.2 cl et:«_!- e liv.] S J long' 

tube which carried him and his buddies up and around th;-j)l.a.. _(Ä d.:e. 1.:, a sac ., 

which stored urine. Soon he was, swirnmin,8 In a sugary fluid called :S. e..frJ...2.1J which 

was produced by the s, ~(YI -1-ilCLI ~.t S 1_. eGe_2.. He felt full of enerID. 

i 

, now and began to swirnvigorously u:to the e..-*at.lÅ Lfti j--.Q. y Y: .d.J.L\..L .t 

which pas:red through the,~ ( Üst cl.. f £, a chestnut-sized gland, below the 

bla..(Ld.. e.l This,gland added more fluid to the ~e.iVm 

(What will become of Seymour and Olivia? See the next page for the second episode!) 

i 

, 

I 

! 

, 

i 

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I 

26 FtEducator, Summer _ 

"",:_~.:~" :1~'~~?"~~i$;I')I ..,i:,~f{·;11\1¡~~~~~~~';H~~!f, 

,.:'1 1 ' 

'.;-' ," 

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'·r"':·

019 


, , 

Teaching Tools 

S~.ad ()tM4: ri 'B~ -¡¿~ 

(continued) 

At just the right time, Seymour Wag. forced through the tJLiL-l=- b V1::, a tube 

which usually carried urine (but.not now), This tube could be found on the underside of a 

long organ called the,f. ß DLs... which was now hard and filled with blood, "Wow," 

. :. 

thought Seymour, "what a trip!", . 

propelled from the ~ e D.L S , Seymour found hims~lf' ät the back of a long, wet 

tunnel called the Ji... æ. Q... L~ tZ, Ahead was a round,doughn~t.shaped 

..c~CIL.LL; withJn 

.structure, the 

open hole in the center, Bullseye! He raced for the target, his 

. buddies In close pursuit. Full of energy and determination, he swam swiftly through the 

, ..Q £.. V 1LJ~;&. and into the bottom of a pear-shaped organ called the 

~:±:.. LL J.d S-, whose walls were covered 'with a thick, spongy lining of blood vessels, 

Would he find her, the sex cell of his dreams? 

Seymour whipped his tail as hard as he could. as he moved up into this organ until 

,1 t 

suddenly he came to a UT" intersection. Which way should he tum? tookícg back over his 

shoulder, he saw his buddies closing in on hlm, Now he was really nervous. Tum left? 

. Tum right? Realizing that he only had a 50% chance of success, Seymour took a. big breath 

and swam left. ' (\ l ~ . 

Soon he entered 

swam quickly along its length until there, nearthe 

a long, narrow tube called the .::tQ...l JJ ~,1.,ClJf\ - tube, He 

other end, he saw ber, quíedy waiting: 

His heart skipped a beat! He moved swiftly, eloser and closer until he met her, broke 

through the iV\.f::.. tJ). bJ'.ß.,J.(} .f.Jhat surrounded her and penetrated h,er 

~1..l.L~.2. H (o , 

Seymour and Olivia each joined their L~chromosomes to make __ and begin a 

4. LQ.. the new..ly ~L Conned ÇLfl cell, called an-t-ffi.J2c.\L. 0.., moved d~ the 

tubé, and found a C¡OSPdt in the lining of the 

.:tft J!5.. Th~re tt was to deve\8l' ínto _ e.]l..t j which ,,:ould emerge 

E·.Ul' 

through the Ilfl Q\{i~ in about ~_l mon , . 

. Seymour and O~a had met, merged and lived happily ever after. . 

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020 


Name -,-- Date _ 

Health I "Seymour & Ollvia-A Biological Romance" 

Word Bank 

Vagina uterus embryo 23 membrane semen ovum 

" 

Ejaculatory duct 24 bladder 9 fimbria urethra penis 

Fallopian cervix 46 birth control pills seminal vesicles 

Vas deferens testicle condoms and spermicide urine ovary 

Nucleus epididymus scrotum prostate fetus 

1. 21. 

2. 22. 

3. . 23. 

4. 

24. 

5. 25. 

6. 26. 

7. 27. 

8. 28. 

- 

9. . 

29 . 

10. 30. 

11. 31. 

12. 

- 

32. 

13. 33. 

14. 34. 

15. 35.

-i,, 

021 


16. 36. 

17. 37. 

18. 38. 

19. 39. 

20. 40. ,

~. 

022 


REAL TIONSHIPS 

Positive Mature relationships 

are based upon 

1. _ 

2. ~----- 

3. _ 

4._---'-' 

_ 

5. __ 

6. __ 

Men get in a relationship for the prospect of _ 

Women get in a relationship for the prospect of _ 

What are some reasons for being in a relationship 

Reasons for not being in a relationship.

023 


Sexual Harassment Name -------- 

Essential Questions 

What is "Sexual Harassment"? 

What is the difference between sexual harassment and flirting? 

What are the causes of sexual harassment? 

Is sexual harassment a problem in our school? 

How can sexual harassment be corrected/stopped?

024 


- J Wf) Ty ref. or Sex lAtt! 

( l..es Q /1'1 Depr¡ed-J 

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Hostile environment sexual harassment - a form of sexual harassment in which 

... ' the surroundings themselves become intimidating, hostile, or offensive due to the 

actions of another person or persons. Unlike quid pro quo sexual harassment, which 

involves conditions placed by an authority figure ov.er an inferior, hostile 

environment sexual harassment may involve peers or conditions created by peers. 

Behaviors that may contribute to a hostile environment include but are not limited 

to: sexual comments or behaviors; whistling or cat calls; looking a person up and 

down or staring in a sexually suggestive manner; invading someone's personal space 

or blocking his or her path; sexually explicit visuals such as pin-ups; repeated 

requests for dates; unwanted notes or gifts; touching, hugging, massaging, and other 

gestures or sounds that a reasonable person of the same sex as the recipient would 

find offensive. It is important to be aware that in many instances, the intentions of 

the accused may be regarded as irrelevant in determining whether his or her 

behaviors constitute sexual harassment; it is the effect of the behavior upon the 

recipient that may define a hostile environment. 

o 

Quid Pro Quo harassment - the form of sexual harassment in which a person with 

authority explicitly threatens negative consequences or promises 'positive 

consequences as a means of getting sexual favors (quid pro quo = "one thing for 

another"). While making benefits contingent upon acceptance of sexual advances 

may be rare, supervisors and instructors should be aware that in some circumstances 

a student or employee may feel that tolerating unwelcome behavior of a sexual 

nature from an instructor or supervisor is the price he or she must pay in order to 

receive the mentering to which he or she is entitled.

025 


"·,·~,;;·,;~e~··,·-' 

.,.:;:

026 


SEXUALLY HARASSINGBEHAVIÖRS 

.Standing too close to someone 

•Lengthy or excessive touching of hand or other 

body part 

•Staring at breast or genital area 

-Facial expressions thatlndlcate sexual interest 

•Whistling, jeering, hooting, howling 

•Sexual gestures 

•Ratinga person, his/her looks, body parts 

.Commenting on a person'sappearance ina 

sexual way 

.Commenting or asking about a person'ssexuat 

activities 

.Spreading sexual rumors 

.Writing sexual things about someone 

•Wearing attire with obscene messages or pictures 

•Necking or petting in the halls or classrooms 

•Repeatedly asking someone out who is not 

interested 

•Telling vulgar sexual jokes 

•Obscene phone calls 

-Snapping'someone's bra 

•Pullingsomeone's underwear, giving wedgies 

•Pulling sotneone's clothes off 

-Peeking into lavatories or locker rooms to watch 

•Publicly touching oneself in a sexual way 

.Cornering, stalking, following 

.Calling someone a vulgar, sexual name 

•Hanging or passing sexually explicit materials 

-Forcing someone to accept a kiss 

•Touching someone's genitals or breasts 

•Exposing genitals to others 

-Taking pornographic pictures of someone 

-Atternpted or completed sexual assault or rape 

-m ~~r)~ Q f.~ev' f,t.t¿ys:.o 1'1... 

() ..VUI¥\Vt'+..e~- I Ulliwel COVIlle. I or- 

(ÁVîp}e{f

027 


HOW DOES IT FEEL'?' 

SEXUAL HARASSMENT VS. FLIRTING 

AND 

,FUNT'EASING 

SEXUAL HARASSMENT: 

HURTS' 

CAUSES ANGER, 

SHAME, 

GUILT 

FRUSTRATION 

DISEMPOWERS ' 

LOWERS SELF ESTEEM 

IS INVASIVE OF PERSONAL BOUNDARIES 

IS ENJOYED BY THE HARASSER, NOT THE VICTIM 

FLIRTING OR FUN TEASING: 

FEELS GOOD', 

FLATTERING, 

EMPOWERING 

MAKES ME FEEL 

HA'PPY, 

ATTRACTIVE, 

ACCEPTED 

ENHANCES SELF E "";M·~~:=M 

RESPECTS PERSONAL BOUNDARIES 

IS ENJOYED BY BOTH PERSONS

028 


''''3t 

·:':ii~.£~1~. 

Sexual Harassment Stalicing FYI 

Definition: Continued unwanted comments, 

jokes, gestures, or touches relating to one's body 

orsexuality. 

This includes: 

*touches that make you fed uncomfortable 

*comments that embarrass you or your family/friends 

*gestures or graffiti that offend you 

*forcible sexual contact 

Definition: Criminal harassment causing victims to 

fear for their own or their family's personal safety. 

*someone threatens you or follows you 

*someone waits for you, watches you, or tracks you 

Signs That You are Being Stalked: 

I. If you feel emotionally or physically threatened. 

L 

2. 

Four out offive stalking victims 

are women. 

Half of all female stalking victims 

reported their victimization to police and 

about 25% obtained a restraining order. 

¡it/' " 

3. 80% of all restraining orders were violated by the 

assailant. 

4. Most victims know their stalker. 

5. Most stalking cases last less than one year, but 

some have lasted five or more years. 

~ 

What Can you Do if You're Being Sexually Harassed? 

I. Inform the harasser that his/her actions are 

unwanted. 

2. If behavior continues, inform the school 

administrator. Be clear with dates, times, 

circumstances, and location of incidents. 

3. If behavior continues, inform the harasser in 

writing, and be specific. Document this 

written statement in your records and bring 

a witness. 

4. Follow up with the school administrator to 

see what has been done to protect YQu. 

5. Seek counseling. 

Some examples of sexual harassment: 

* obscene t-shirts/hats * massaging the neck or 

shoulders * gestures with the hands or body * 

cartoons or pictures * dirty jokes * name-calling 

* touching * making kissing sounds * 

2. If you can't do what you want to do or go where 

you want to go because of fear of meeting the person. 

3. If you changed your lifestyle to avoid the person. 

What Can you Do if You're Being Stalked? 

A. Report it to law enforcement immediately 

B. Get emotional support/counseling 

C. Record any contact you've had with the person 

(time of call, place of call, conversation). 

D. If the stalker is at your home, record the time, 

kind of vehicle, license plate number, make of car, 

and anything unusual or out of the ordinary. 

E. Record any unusual event that coincides with the 

stalker having been near you or having inade contact 

with you. .. 

F. Let others know what is happening. 

G. Ask your friends to help you. 

How do I know if I am a Victim of Sexual Harassment 

or Stalking? 

Are you: 

*Avoiding going to school? 

*Cutting classes? 

*Not contributing to classroom discussion? 

*Having difficulty paying attention in class? 

*Making low grades on tests or in a class? 

*TIúnking of changing schools or quitting? 

*Dropping a chosen class? 

*Feeling embarrassed or guilty? 

*Letting fear rule your choices and your life? 

You Could be a victim of Sexual Harassment or 

Stalking. 

For more information about Sexual Harassment, please 

'contact: 

e· 

. 

........ 

' 

~ .. 

(607) 723-3200

029 

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SAMPLE INfORMAL ' 

RESOLUTION LETTER 

September 26, 1992 

John Doe: 

When I walk to math class on Mondays, I pass your 

locker. You wink at me and make rude noises and 

ask me if I want to have sex with you. 

Your behavior makes me feel angry and humiliated. 

I feel embarrassed in front of my friends. 

Because ¡ have to pass your locker, l feel anxious 

about walking to math class. It's hard for me to 

concentrate on my school work. 

¡want you to stop this behavior, starting now. 

Don't wink at me anymore or make those noises 

or ask me if I want to have sex with you. 

Sincerely, 

Jane Doe 

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Sexual Harassment and Teens, copyngh t © l992 Susan Strauss, Free Spirit Publishing inc, Thi 15 page may , De reproduced, 119

030 


Dating Bill of Rights 

I. I have the right to be treated like a friend,with respect and consideration. 

II. I have the right to have a good time. I expect that, together, my date and I 

will choose what to do and where to go. J have the right to end the date at any 

time. 

In. 1have the right to p.ay my own way on a date. I don't owe my date anything 

if he or she decides to treat 

IV. l have the right to refuse alcohol or other drugs during a date. 

V. I have the right to be judged by my character and not by the amount of 

monie¥ I ha:ve; my clotbes.. ha,ir or Jewelry; whetber l have access to a car and 

what type it is. ,._,,- '- 

VI. I have the right to dress and look any way I want without my date making 

judgments about my sexual experi,enca or intentions. 

VII. r have the right to talk open'ly with my date about my sexuai limits. I nave 

the right to say "no" to sexual advances and have my date respect that. 

VIII. I have the right to show my feelings for my date in ways other than sexual 

Intimaeles. Intercourse shouldnot be expected as the only way to prove my 

feelings. 

IX. J have the r:ight to decide if and when r will have intercourse. No one has 

the right to pressure or force me to do anything against my wilt 

X. Jf I choose to have sex, I have the right to expect my pa,rtner to share 

responsibiiity for practicing safer sex (Intercourse with a condom).

031 


Once trust is broken, can it be regained? Why or why not? 

If so, what are some examples of ways trust can be regained in a 

relationship? 

Is jealousy a sign of love? Why or why not? 

What qualities exist in a healthy relationship? 

What are signs of an unhealthy relationship? 

How would you define RESPECT? 

How does mutual respect in a relationship make it different from either 

no respect or only one person being respected by the other? 

Outline FIVE keys to any healthy relationship ... 

What are some ways to set appropriate boundaries in a relationship? 

What are the THREE V's to effective communication? 

Explain, compare and contrast the two diagrams symbolic of 

relationships ... the circle and the pyramid. See teacher for handout. ..

032 


Write a recipe for a healthy relationship. 

BE CREATIVE! (see teacher) 

"We train others how to treat us." Do you agree with this statement? 

Why or why not? Provide examples to support your opinion.

033 


Name: 

--------------------- 

THE FOUR KEYS OVERVIEW 

As you learned in the video, these are the four keys to a healthy relationship: 

TRUST " 

Trust could be considered the cornerstone of all healthy relationships. It is hard for any type 

of relationship to grow without trust. Trust can be defined as having faith in someone that he 

or she will do what he or she says. Trust also refers to believing that someone else will be 

fair and honest in his or her dealings with you. When someone says; "I trust you," it implies 

many things such as: I don't have to checkup on you, I know you will follow through with 

whatever we have agreed on, I have a sense that you have my best interest at heart. 

MUTUAL RESPECT 

Mutual respect refers to a sense of admiration for one another in any relationship. It means I 

understand your opinion and I will support your right to have that opinion=-even if it differs 

from mine. At times, mutual respect is shown by praising the way someone handled a 

particular situation. People will sometimes say that you must "earn" respect. In this sense, 

we often wait to see if people say what they mean and mean what they say. We want to see 

if people live their lives according to the principles they tell us are important to them. Even 

if we don't agree with their beliefs, we will respect them if they demonstrate in their lifestyle 

a commitment to those beliefs. 

OPEN COMMUNICATION 

Open communication in a relationship allows me to say whatever is on my mind as relates to 

.the context of that relationship. It does not refer to sharing personal and private information. 

,The sharing of that sort of information is not appropriate in all contexts. Instead, it refers to 

the ability to be spontaneous in my communications andto expect the same from other 

people. I feel comfortable expressing my thoughts about any issue that is relevant to this 

relationship and I am equally able to listen to the other person's thoughts. I don't spend a lot 

of time trying to figure out how to say something so the other person' will take me seriously, 

or even just to get them to pay attention. For example, I should be able to approach my 

teacher about my confusion about a grade. I hope she will hear my concerns and I hope that I 

can spontaneously express my thoughts. I also hope that she will be willing to say what is 

, really on her mind about my performance .: 

.BOUNDARIES 

Appropriate boundaries in any relationship are both physical and psychological. These 

boundaries differ depending on the relationship. I need to feel comfortable about my 

personal space in my interactions with others. I may not like certain people to touch me 

while they are-speaking to me. I may not wish to share my feelings with everyone inmy life. 

In any relationship, both parties need to respect each other's wishes about boundaries. 

Simply because I enjoy being hugged by friends doesn't mean I should assume it's okay to 

hug everyone else. Boundaries may expand or contract with changes in any relationship. 

However, most of us are clear about how our comfort level vartes in sharing personal 

information or being physically touched depending on the person with whom we have a 

particular relationship. 

HRMVIDEO ID EXPLORING HEALTHY RELATIONSHIPS

034 


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035 


WorkshMt:SEX: A DBOISIO. J'OB. TWO 

aCE.A.B.IO 

l:OOp.m, 

"Hurry up," urged Yvonne." "I thought you said Willie would meet us downstairs 

at 8:00 p.m." Jill, Yvonne'sroomate replied, "Yeah, I know. Listen, I forgot to 

mention-but that guy you know from EngliSh is gonna come With us. You remember, 

he's a good friend of Willie's." Yvonne felt nervous suddenly. "You mean John? You 

k.new-I-thinkhe's rea.llycute.What-do I sa.y?"Jill answered, "just act naturs.l." Yvonne 

nodded, think1ngthe party was going to be really good with John there. 

3:16 

At the party, John was very attentive to Yvonne. She was thrilled. They started to 

dance. Yvonne knew she was a terrifio dancer and she loved to dance, especially with 

such a oute guy as John. They spent about an hour together, alternating between 

talking and dancing. Yvonne had a few beers. She could feel her body get looser from 

the alcohol making her dancing, she felt, even better. 

10:30 

A slow song carne on and John i:IDmediately pulled Yvonne close. Yvonne did not feel 

entirely comfortable dancing in thiS way but did not say anything. Instead, she put 

her hands on his chest in a.n a.ttempt to keep their bodies from pressing too close. 

John was really enjoying himself. He had notioed Yvonne in English and thought 

she was attractive. He oouldn't believe his luck. He felt he was acting so smooth and 

charming. He could sense she was responding to it. He decided to kiss Yvonne. 

Yvonne was surprised at John's kiss. She was attracted to him, yet felt uncomfortable 

that he was kissing her in public. She didn't want him to think that she didn't like 

him so she just tilted her head down to end the kiss. John thought to himself, she 

really likes me. She is snuggling in after that kiss. 

11:30 

The dance floor became packed again as the music got fast. Yvonne felt slightly dizzy 

from the beer and wanted to get some air. John was distressed at the mood change. 

He felt very turned on and wa.nted to be alone with Yvonne. He said to her, "Want 

to go outside for some air? It's pretty stuffy in here." Yvonne looked around for Jill 

but didn't see her. She said to John, "OK, but just for a little while." She felt very 

nervous about being With him aJone, but she felt silly feeling that way. 

11:40 

Onoe outside, John immediately put his arm around Yvonne and began kissing her, 

thinking how muoh she wanted to be kissed since she had been dancing so sexy all 

evening. Yvonne, still unsure about what she wa.nted, pulled away and began talking 

about how good her freshman year ha.d been so far. John thought she was quite 

drunk and was very ta.lka.tive when drunk. Sohe continued to kiss her. Yvonne agam 

pulled away and stood up saying, "I think I should get going. Let's find J-ill."

036 


Worksheet: 

SEX: A DECISION FOB. TWO 

THE ANALYSIS 

..Identify three times during the scenario when John did not respect Yvonne's feelings, 

a, _ 

b, ___ 

c, ~ ~ _ 

a, Identify three times during the scenario when Yvonne made herself more vulnerable, 

a, ___ 

b, ~ ___ 

c, _ 

3, If John were sensitive to his partner, what signals would have told~him that Yvonne 

did not want to continue? 

a, _ 

b, ~~ _ 

4, If Yvonne had been assertive, what three things could she have said to make her 

real feelings clear to John? 

a, _ 

b, ~ ___ 

c, _ 

Date Rape often proceeds through three stages; identify behaviors in The Scenario 

at each stage: 

a, Someone (usually the male) enters another's "personal space" in a public pla.ce 

(kissing, hand on breast or thigh, etc.) 

b, The partner does not assertively stop this intrusion and the aggressor assumes 

it's O.K. 

c. The aggressor gets the couple to a secluded place where the rape takes place . 

. ,",-,. ."."".' 

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I 

037 

--Ôæé iriÓnm:r=.,ërznnm;réJ 

7. 

If You're 

Afraid to 

Say No 

,/ If you think saying no will make 

the situation worse, say you have 

to go to the bathroom. Then go 

make a phone call for help. 

,/ It is OK to lie to protect yourself. 

t o ,J(2.f tiOl~ 

~hq~~ 

Øl /11\ ~ 

8. 

What If the 

Person DQe$nJt 

Ustento No1 

,/ Say, "no" again -::-Loudly. 

,/ Say, "Stop, You're not lístentng. 

You need to respect my Itmit~!1! 

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fish! Pilg~ 

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Jf fue p~r~()n uses physiçal fq:rÇßf 

fíght back, TRYTO GETAWAY! 

{rush him/her øWªYin~!fql~tQnm 

op. his/her toes; knee htm ín th~-' 

grain; poke hirn/her 

in tll-ß Ëye~, 

,I Yell loudly for help. R4n to where 

there are other people. 

I 

If,wiíinmÚ::::Øwiiéi,....,..,-rini-p 

Sf:LF tliffi'Jl56 axss 

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10. 

.'J '!1'" 

Get Help 

,/ If you dori't feel like you can say 

no or fight back, take a self defense 

class. _ 

,/ If someone tries to rape you or if 

you have been raped, get help as 

soon as possible. Talk to a trusted 

adult, contact your local rape crisis 

center OJ; call the police. 

,/ Remember, if a person doesn't 

listen to you, it/s not your fault! 


1- - - -- --- ---- -------------------_\ 

you HÀV~'rHE ~IGHTTO SAYNO 

ate Ra-" 

.' . - 

Ten Things 

You CantOo 

To Protect 

' , '"."',,; '. 

Yourself· 

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038 

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DATE RAPE:TEN THINGS YOU CAN DO TO PROTECT YOURSELF . 

_. I 

- 

. 

. 

',:~~:~I~1rÂ~ty· -, ' 

ei» Wló"" would hurt you. 

._ .,.~~~~,,ªppen. And, while date 

rape i§"~Vefyour fault, you can take 

steps tå help protect yourself. 

,\ 

" 

I ./ 

7~\,"""" 

1. 

Remember, 

You Always Have 

the Right to 

Say No! 

t!' Even if: 

• You have been making out. 

• You have been drinking. 

• You have had sex before. 

• You said yes before - then changed 

your mind. 

• Your partner says, "You owe me." 

• You're dressed in sexy clothes. 

• You think he/she will get mad. 

2. 

Use Caution 

3. 

Be Aware of Different 

Kinds of Pressure 

t!' Rape is when someone forces you to have 

sex. That foree can be: 

• Not stopping when you say no. 

• Threatening to hurt you. . 

• Physically holding you down. 

• Using a weapon such as a knife or gun. 

• Having sex with you when you're too 

high or drunk to say no. 

t!' It may also be rape if the person: 

• Threatens to tell other people you had 

sex if you don't give in. 

• Makes it seem like something worse will 

happen if you don't give in. 

• Says things like, "If you don't, I'll hurt 

myself." 

.- 4. 

Be Clear about 

Your Limits 

OlliJ~fl'ïib~ 

on 

5. 

stay In Charge 

r f" _... _- --- _-_ __ _.-.~..' 'ú£ . q 

L __. 

~~~ 

(' Staying in charge means saying what 

you want and knowing what you are 

doing. : 

t!' Avoid drinking and usíngdrugs. They' 

make it hard for you to stay íncharge. 

t!' Call your parents or a trusted friend to ' 

come pick you up if you are unsure of 

your safety. 

t!' Always carry money for cab fare and 

change for a phone call. 

t!' Remember, itis better to get into 

trouble for being somewhere you 

shouldn't be, than to get raped. 

wARNt NG- 

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6. 

Watch for 

Danger Signs 

t!' If a person does not listen to yeu at 

L:J 

other times, he/she may not listen to 

'\i".J14-~ 

-"Yl 

~'''''I -- ..., ti' If someone is pushing you to have sex when you in a sexual setting. 

you don't want to - say "no" clearly. 

ti' If someone sits or stands too close or 

t!' Do not go off alone with someone you 

./ Don't be afraid of hurting his/her feelings. stares YOUdOWll, he/she may npt 

do not know well or who makes you 

If you don't say no clearly, he/she may think respect your limits. 

uncomfortable - trust your instincts. 

you are OK with what is happening. ,/ If a person seems to like it if Y0l,.l are 

t!' Suggest hanging out with a group, 

ti' Remember, if the person doesn't listen to uncomfortable, he/she may not respect 

going to a public plaee, or double 

no, it's not your fault. 

your limits. 

dating instead. . 

¡ 

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039 


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METHOD CATEGORY HOW IT WORKS SIDE EFFECTS EFFECTIVE- COST 

NESS 

PIli Chamlèal Prevents ovulation Weight gain. Nauses. Don't >99 $20 per 

use if over 35 and a smoker. 

month 

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Spermicides: 

foam, jelly, Chemical Spermicidal barrier May cause irritation 78 $10 per kit 

cream 

Rods implanted In arm. 

$6O().$800 

Norplant Chemical Hormone released to Irregular bleeding >99 every 5 

prevent ovulation. 

years 

Condom 

Mechanical 

Rubber sheath over penis. 

Sperm barrier. 

Diaphragm Mechanical Fitted by a GYN. Sperm 

barrier used with Jelly. 

Loss of sensation as 5()..6(lcents 

each 

May cause Irritation: as $25 plus 

exam fees 

IUD Mechanical Uncertain: May stop egg Initial discomfort. Irregular 97 $4OOevery 

Implantation. bleeding. 4.years 

Sponge 

Chemical and 

Mechanical 

Sperm barrier treated with 

spermicide. 

May cause Irritation 85 $1.65 each 

) 

Total 

Abstinence No Intercourse None 

Abstinence 

100 

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Abstinence 

Ejaculation occurs outside 

None 99 $3OQ..$500 

No sperm In semen. 

one-time fee 

129 

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041 


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Session 3 

HANDOUT4 

Chris and Pat 

Chris and Pat are in high school. They have been seeing each other for about a month 

now. They have spent hours together talking, sharing dreams of the future, and having 

fun. They are feeling very close to each other. Both Chris and Pat have had other 

relationships, but neither of them knows how much sexual experience the other has 

had. They have begun to have strong sexual feelings for each other but are not sure 

how to act on them. Neither Chris nor Pat wants to pressure the other, and so they 

have decided to have a talk about sex. 

If Chris and Pat came to you for advice, what would you say to them? Think about the 

questions that are the most important for them to consider. Note your suggestions on 

the lines below. If you need some help, refer to the handout ''Talking about Sex." 

1. As individuals, what questions should Chris and Pat consider? 

2.. What questions should they consider together, as partners in a relationship? 

HS-37 

I 

, 

• 

I 

I 

3. What choices would you tell them they have? 

I

042 


I A_R_E_Y_O_U_I_N_A_T_O_X_IC_R_E_L_A_T_IO_N_S_H_IP_?_' II:f I 

How do you know if you are in a toxic relationship? Answer the following questions for yourself. 

They describe some of the warning signs that can help you decide if your relationship is turning toward 

abuse and possibly violence. . 

Are you going out with someone who ... 

• Is jealous and possessive, won't let you have friends, checks up on you, won't accept breaking up? 

• Tries to control you by being bossy, giving orders, making all the dec!si()!ls-,_not taking your 

opinions seriously? 

• Puts you down in front of friends, tells you that you would be nothing without him or her? 

• Scares you? Makes you worry about his or her reactions to things you say or do? 

• Threatens you? 

• Says things that make you feel terrible about yourself? 

• Uses or owns weapons? 

• Is violent? Has a history of fighting, loses temper quickly, brags about mistreating. others? 

• Grabs, pushes, shoves, or hits you? 

• Pressures you for sex or is forceful or scary about sex? 

• Attempts to manipulate you by saying, "If you really loved me, you would ...." 

• Gets too serious about the relationship 100 fast? 

• Abuses alcohol or other drugs? Pressures you to drink alcohol or take drugs? 

• Has a history of failed relationships? Blames the other person for all the problems? 

• Believes that men should be in control and powerful and that women should be passive and 

submissive? 

• Makes your family and friends uneasy and concerned for your safety? 

If you answered "yes" to any of these questions, you could be the victim of dating abuse. Abuse isn't 

just hitting. It's yelling, threatening, name-calling, saying, 'I'll kill myself if you leave me,' obsessive 

phone calling, and extreme possessiveness. Dating violence or abuse affects one in ten teen couples. 

I HRM VIDEO TOXIc. RgLATIONSHIPS 1116 1

043 


What is Teen Dating Violence? 

95% of the victims of domestic violence are women. Therefore, we choose to represent the abuser as "he". We do recognize that females can be abusivo. 

U.S. Department of Justice 

Harassment 

Intimidation 

/ 

Isolation 

Frequently showing up where 

she is (especially uninvited), 

following her, giving prank phone calls; 

threatening her on the phone. spreading 

rumors about her, giving messages to 

her through her friends and/or family 

after she has made it clear 

she does not want to have 

contact with him. 

Putting her in fear by: 

subjecting her to reckless driving; 

kicking, smashing or throwing her 

personal items or other property; 

shouting; using certain looks/gestures; 

threatening to get her in trouble with 

her family and/or friends. 

/ 

Violation 

of Personal 

Boundaries 

Pressurin g her to 

choose between 

him or others (family); 

presuring her to quit a job 

or extrll-curricular activities; 

presurring her not to go to 

college or to go to the college of 

HIS choice. 

I ~~ ~ 

Degradation - 

- Humiliation 

Emotional 

Abuse 

Sexual Abuse 

POWER 

& 

CONTROL 

Abuse 

Reading her notes from, or to 

other people; going through her 

purse or locker without permission; 

taking her personal items without 

asking, forcing unwanted touch 

or sex; refusing to stop horsing 

around/wrestling atter asking 

him to stop. 

Threats 

Calling her names in front of 

others or privately; putting 

do w-n her religion, race, class; 

he may show public interest in 

other girls after agreeing to see 

only her; touching/grabbing parts 

of her body inappropriately in public 

or private; putting down or making 

fun of her family home, family 

situation or family members: 

showing personal/private 

items. 

Telling 

Limiting 

Independence 

her what kind of clothes 

she can & cannot wear: telling her 

how she has to wear her hair, he 

may decide how she should spend her 

money, where they go on dates & when 

they go out; he may not allow her to 

use her choices of birth control; 

he may pressure her into 

using drugs, alcohol or 

cigarertes. 

Verbal Abuse 

Using 

Male Privilege 

Threatening to harm her &Jar 

family, friends;' threatening to 

/ commit suicide; threatening to 

"" share private information; &Jor 

"" threatening to break up with her 

.fShe 

doesn't do what he wants. 

He may act llke he is the boss ~ & 

what "he says, goes"; he reminds 

her that she is a girl & that's why she is 

supposed to do what he says; he may 

feel he has the ri ght to be consul ted 

about all her actions-where she goes 

& with whom; in some situations 

he believes she should De asking 

his permission to go or 

do something. 

-, 

""'" 

/ 

/ 

Sources 

ReM'?£! {/fl tJCJ/.?_ (! o 11 

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DomesticAbuse Intervention Project 

Duluth, 

Minnesota 

Getting Free: Ginny NiCarthy t 

c. 1986, Seal Press: 

Seattle, Washington

044 


Name: 

------------------------------ 

~ 

Beloware25 ways that youcanrrtake a difference in the battle againsê AIDS. Someday, 

hopefully, this disease will be cured. Act now tö give yourself a chance to look back - 

someday and say, "This is how I helped beat the epidemic that carried away so many lives." 

1. Educate yourself on how HIV is transmitted. This is the best way to defeat HIV -phobia 

and dispel myths about how the virus is transmitted. 

2. Make safe choices about your sexual behavior and safe choices about drug and alcohol 

use. 

---~-~ --~-----------~~~- 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

" 

9. 

( 

10. 

t 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

Teach others what you know about HIV prevention. 

If you have had a history of unprotected intercourse or have shared drug needles, get ' 

tested for HIV today. 

Use a latex condom correctly every time you have sex. 

If you use drugs or excessive alcohol, get into a treatment program. 

Avoid getting high on drugs or alcohol. Youcan'tmake wise sexual decisions under 

the influence. 

Talk to your family and friends so that they may avoid behaviors that may put them at 

risk of HIV infection. 

Share the facts about HIVand 

AIDS with others around you. 

Call the National AIDS Hotline for answers to any HIV -related questions. 

(English: 1-800-342-2437 or Spanish: 1-800-344-7432) 

Discuss a news story about AIDS with a friend or family member. 

Discuss HIVand AIDS openly with your boyfriend or girlfriend. 

Correct misinformation about HIVand AIDS when you hear it. 

Attend community-based HIV prevention/education lectures. 

Volunteer 

at a local AIDS service organization. 

Invite someone with HIVor 

AIDS to speak at your school. 

Show an HIV-related videotape at a community function or fundraiser. 

Ask your school to put up an educational 

display about HIV prevention. 

Encourage local stores and offices to display HIV -related posters or brochures. 

Organize prevention and education activities for World AIDS Day (December 1). 

Encourage your classmates to educate their families aboutHIV infection. 

Ask your place of worship to be a place for HIV prevention/education discussions. 

Urge your religious leaders to promote compassion and support for people with AIDS. 

-Challenge misinformation in the media by writing a letter to the editor. 

Ask that local talk shows on television and radio address HIV -related issues. 

~,_ , Source: www.AIDS-infO.com. 

HUMAN RELATIONS MEDIA m ÄIDS UPDATE: THE LATEST FACTS

045 


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046 


NAME: 

I COMMON SIGNS OF ST!S I 

FACT 

SHEET 

'14 

l 

(.r L\ ..~ 

Remember, some sexually transmitted infections (STIs) cause no symptomsabsolutely 

none! Even when symptoms do occur, they often go unrecognized. So you 

can be infected and infect someone else without knowing it. 

-~- ---~ I~ 

However, there are some common signs to watch for. The symptoms listed below are 

tric;ky, élsJbeyc_an;;h_oFllP a)1yWhereJrom two days to a couple of months after initial 

exposure to the disease. Sometimes symptoms can show up as much as several years 

after the initial STI infection. If you have any of these symptoms or think you have 

been exposed to an STI, contact a healthcare provider immediately. 

TAKE 

NOTE OF ANY: 

sores, bumps, or blisters 

near the mouth or genitals 

burning or pain-during urination or bowel movements 

flu-like symptoms including fever, chills, and aches 

swelling 

in the groin area 

FOR 

FEMALES ONLY: 

unusual odor or discharge from the vagina 

pelvic pain 

burning or itching around the vagina 

unusual 

bleeding 

~pain during intercourse 

increased severity of menstrual cramps or abnormal period 

FOR 

MALES ONLY: 

discharge 

from the penis 

pain in the testicles 

inflammation 

or pain from the head of the penis 

HRM VIDEO I 

I PREVENTING SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS 

71

047 


-3- 

The Four, Big VIRAL and INCURABLE STD's : 

1. 

2. 

'1 

J. 

4. 

The Three, Big Bacterial STD's: 

1. 

2. 

3. 

Can be cured, but damage is 

_ 

Two responsibilities of a person if they suspect or discover they have an 

STD (or have any symptoms): 

1. 

2 

If you think you've been infected with an STD, testing and treatment are 

immediately crucial

048 


-2- 

Some STD's can be treated and cured. Some CANNOT and can be very 

damaging if left untreated and ignored ..... 

.............. " or _ 

.............. .Increased risk of cancer, contracting HIV! 

F= times .morelikely .toget HfV 

M= times more likely to get HlV 

STD's are an HIV/AIDS is a ------- 

_____ million new cases ofnon-HIVSTD's every year! 

_____ out of teens currently has an STD. 

"Silent" epidemic.... 

---- 

____ 

% of females have no symptoms 

% of males have no symptoms 

....... BUT ARE il'.;fPECTEDwith Chlamydia and Gonorrhea. 

Women who have an STD are at an increased risk of: 

Men who have an STD are at an increased risk of: 

'\ 

STD's are 

and 

---------- ------------ 

The most common STD among teens is 

_ 

The most common in the general population: 

The fastest growing STD's:

049 


STD's 

Health r 

Name -------------------- 

period _ 

Why are SID's an epidemic now (they've been around for thousands of 

years)? 

Why do some sexually active people not take precautions? 

Why don't teens/other people get treated? 

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED 

transmitted infections) 

DISEASES (STD's or STI's sexually 

--infections you can get by 

.=caused by or or 

The bacteria or virus travel in certain body fluids ... 

All forms of sex are ----------------- 

You don't have to have sex with a lot of people - it takes only ONE. 

Many times you may not be able to tell if you or your partner has an 

STD ... often there are NO signs or symptoms 

....------------------ 

Talk: about ------ 

------ 

or abstinence. 

(No exchange of bodily fluids )

.... .:_ o" 

050 


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051 


Quiz: Are You Ready for Parenthood? 

----It will challenge and fulfill me in new ways 

----It will make my partner and family happy 

---- I just always assumed I would have kids 

True or false: I think my partner and I will be good parents. 

- -------- True -----;---------- --- ------------ - --------- 

---- False 

When a carefully planned 

---- Go with the flow 

---- Stress out for a while, then get over it 

---- Refuse to participate; everything's ruined now, anyway 

---- Have agreed how you would like to raise your child 

---- Have talked about it, but can't agree on a course of action 

---- Haven't talked about it 

Which of these statements most closely describes your goal in life? 

---- I want to be rich and/or famous 

---- I want to be the best person I can be 

---- I want to achieve my creative potential 

---- I work with kids (maybe babysit) and/or go out of my way to spend time with them 

---- I enjoy seeing them on holidays and special occasions 

---- I never see them except in malls or restaurants

052 


Major 

aspects of parenting: 

Emotional/Maturity 

- You are going to be a mom or a dad. Think about the moms and dads that you know. 

Which ones are doing or have done a good job in raising their children? Probably 

those that achieved a level of emotional maturity to handle the ups and downs of 

parenting. Are you emotionally ready to be a parent? 

Prenatal 

-------6oing-for-prenatal- visits;.;-(health-ufmotherandchild,childbirth classes) This is 

mainly for the pregnant mom, but dad can come along, especially if he will be helping 

coach in the delivery room. 

- Getting a room ready for the baby. Do you need a new place? 

- All the stuff you buy/get in baby showers (never enough) 

- Family excitement and anticipation (: 

Birth 

- Joy and wonder of a new life being born. Are you ready? 

- Choices (hospital, midwife, at home, water birth ... ) 

- Can be expensive if you don't have health insurance $$$$$$$$$$ 

Responsibility: 

- Time (as a parent, your whole schedule will revolve around the needs of your child. 

You will have many sleepless nights!!!) 

- Finances (diapers, food, clothes, toys, the list goes on and on ... ) 

You will find that you have little or no money for' extras' . 

- Change in lifestyle (Dancing?, weekend canoeing/kayaking/hiking?, movies?, 

NOT!!!) 

- Child is totally dependent on you. That is a GOOD thing. 

Marriage: 

- Stable home with a two parent family is best environment to raise a child. You can 

help each other and support each other through all the stresses. A single parent needs 

help, preferably from a family member. 

- Mom and Dad need to make sure they are meeting their own and each other's needs 

as well as the child's. Don't get burned out. Get a babysitter and have a date night 

once in a while. 

- BEWARE the well-meaning family members who want to 'help' you raise your child. 

Discuss your values together and plan on ways to teach your child your values.

053 


Six-step decision ma,!

054 


Viral STD's 

1) HPV (Human Papillomavirus) 

About 20 million people currently have the HPV virus and over 50% of sexually active 

people will get HPV in their lifetimes. HPV infection may lead to genital warts, but not 

always depending on the strain of the virus. The HPV vaccine, Gardasil, is only effective 

in preventing a few ofthe strains of HPV so it doesn't provide 100% protection. 

HPV can cause a higher incidence of cervical cancer in women. 

HPV is often undetected until you have an outbreak of warts. 

~---2r-GenitarHerpes- EHne-S TDwithtlie-higliesl inú:ri6erofpeo-¡jlehaviiig It 

overall. 

• More than one in five Americans or 45 million people-are 

infected with genital herpes (Flernlnq, 1997). 

3) Hepatitis B is also a dangerous viral STD, but it's incidence rate is declining 

and there is an effective vaccine for Hep. B 

4) HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) 

Bacterial STD's 

1) Chlamydia is the bacterial STD that is the fastest growing. By far, there are 

more Chlamydia cases reported! each year (over 1 million new cases in 2007) 

than any other STD. It can lead to infertility if untreated. 

2) Gonorrhea- In 2007,355,991 cases of gonorrhea were reported in the 

United States 

3) Syphilis- III 200i', 11,466 cases of P&S syphilis (primary and secondary) 

PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) is a common condition that comes after an untreated 

Chlamydia or gonorrhea infection. Can cause a great deal of damage to the reproductive 

system. 

Parasitic STD's 

Trichomoniasisurethra. 

Parasite that will live in vagina or 

Pubic lice 

Scabies

055 


For those who become sexually active, the average age when you become sexually 

active according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is 16. 

If the average age for a young person to get married is 25, that means how many 

years of sexual activity before marriage? 9 

The failure rate for condoms is anywhere from 10--15% depending on how 

old you are. Some STD' s can be passes through intimate contact so the 

chances of your contracting an STD if you are sexually active are at least I 

in-6---;-praoao-ly-alofmotecöÜsW75t1iif:fthathàlfof the sexually activé college 

females have the HPV virus. 

Using contraception is more effective in preventing pregnancy, but the 

chance is always there. There were about 12million teen pregnancies last 

year so the odds are that if you are sexually active, you have at least a I in 

six chance of having an unintended pregnancy. 

Dice game with four possible outcomes for each year of being sexually active. 

1) You could get an STD 

2) You could have an unplanned pregnancy 

3) You could have a break-up and a broken heart 

4) You could make it through (amazingly) with no negative consequences,

056 


STD's.o 

Name the 4 fluids that can transmit lUV: 

._-- 

._----_._-----. 

What are the four main, viral, incurable STD's: 

_.__ ••.._- ----_._-_._.__ . 

What are three main bacterial STD's: 

If l~ft untreated, this bacterial STD leads to blindness and death? 

T or F The long term health risks of having Chlamydia include infertility? __ 

Which is the viral STD that causes genital warts? 

_ 

What are two primary responsibilities of a person if they discover they have 

an STD? 1) . .____ 2) _ 

What percentage of STD' s are found in people under the age of 21? __ 

What does HIV stand for? 

What does AIDS stand for? 

Can you tell a person has lUV from their outward appearance? 

--_._._-_._-_. __ .__ ..._----------_.-._._- - 

What is the best way to avoid an STD? 

_._--_._-_._--_._._ .. 

.------_._--------- 

T or F A person with lUV can eventually be cured? 

_ 

When does a person with IIlV become classified as having AIDS? 

.._----------_._--_. __.._-- ..._----------- 

What does a person die from when they have AIDS?

057 


What is the significance of Inaking STD testing confidential? 

-------------,------------,-- 

T or F women with Chlamydia & Gonorrhea often have no symptoms? _ 

T or F There is no treatment for genital herpes. 

._ 

What are the best ways to slow down the STD epidemic? 

._------,------_. __ ., ,-- 

Which STDis the biggest issue in Broome County and country-wide with 

the most new cases? 

Reproductive System:' 

Which is the male sex organ that produces spenn and testosterone? 

What is it called at the moment when the sperm fertilizes the egg? 

When a man and a woman can't have children normally, they are called 

what? 

What part of the female reproductive system produces and releases the egg? 

_______ What is the better 'word for the egg? __ .. _ 

What is the pathway for a spenn to travel in order for fertilization to occur? 

Abstinence and Parenting: 

The chromosome that determines the sex of a baby comes from the male or 

the female? ---------,---,._,-,_._----_ ...__._-----, ._- --_._-- 

What are three major risks of pre-marital sexual activity? 

Gender roles of a child are mostly determined by what? 

-----~-_· __ ·_, .~~__ ·_ •. _w. ._.__ "__ . ._. . ._.__ .

058 


Contraception: 

What are the 6 main areas/types of contraception? 

---- -- ----'-----------------,------,-,----------- 

The most effective form of contraception to prevent pregnancy (other than 

Abstinence is what? 

The least effective fonn of contraception to prevent pregnancy is... 

--- -"-'--_ .._--._-,---------- .._---,-------,---, 

Which are the only forms of contraception that offer protection against 

STD's? ____~_.._k~_._~_. .__ .. ., . .._. __ .~_._,_,~, ~~_, .. .__ ,. ._~. _ 

Does a vasectomy cause impotence? , ,., 

Where does the diaphragm go and what does it do? 

------------,---------,- 

A vasectomy and tubal ligation are both examples of which form of 

contraception? ,,__ . _, _ 

What should you use with a condom to increase its effectiveness? 

In the area of physical intimacy, what are sorne key ideas to consider 

concerning boundaries? 

l) .__,_, ,_,,_. __,._._, ..__ , _ 

2) . . ,.,_, , _ 

3) __ '__ '__'__ "__ ,,_, ,, _ 

4) _., ,. , . .__ ,. , , _ 

5) __ . . , .__ ,_

059 


What are the keys to a successful relationship in any of these levels, 

but especially in the dating and going out levels? 

- Trust 

- Communication 

- Respect 

- Honesty 

- Mutual interests 

When it comes to unhealthy types of relationships, what are some 

danger signs: 

- Emphasis on physical 

- Disagree and fight often 

- Worry about whether you are pregnant 

- Have fewer and fewer other friends 

- Parents disapprove of him or her 

- Your values are challenged or disregarded 

- You feel trapped 

When it comes to healthy types of relationships, what are some of the 

positive signs: 

- The other person challenges you and makes you a better person 

- Other people comment on how you are a (good couple' 

- You think of the needs of the other person often before your own 

- You don't have any guilt or have to sneak around to see them 

- You can take a break from seeing each other and not worry they 

are going to see someone else

060 


Health 1 

Human Sexual ity / Boundaries 

MacFadden 

Name 

_ 

Date 

_ 

I 

Boundaries are limits on how far physical intimacy goes in a relationship. Just 

like the property 

lines around your home or the white lines on the road, 

. boundaries are important to keep things under control. Give an example or two of 

other types of boundaries in our' lives. 

----------------- ._---------------- 

What are the foundational guidelines that help you establish your own personal 

boundaries related to physicul intimacy? 

----------------- - 

._-_ ..-._--_. --- 

Why do you need boundaries? 

------------------- 

__ o ._, __ 

Who should be deciding where your' boundaries are? _ 

Should boundaries in physical Intimccv be thought of as walls or gates? 

Why? . .._. , 

..._----_. 

_ 

In a relationship that may involve physical intimacy, these are some key ideas. 

1) Knowwhat your boundcries are BEFOREthe relationship begins. 

2) Clearly communicate these boundaries to your partner. 

3) Stick to your boundories no matter what. Do not forgive 'trespassing'. 

4) Also respect your partner's boundaries, but be aware that if you have 

different values or standards related to boundaries, t'he relationship is 

going to have difficulty. 

You are not being kind-hear-ted O," generous when you put up with a partner that 

pushes your boundaries or makes you feel guilty about your decisions. 

It is your life. Take centroll

061 


Alternative assignment for Thursday & Friday I STDand contraception speaker 

**you 

can type your answers on a separate paper 

What is the official position of the Roman Catholic Church on contraception? 

,---- 

,---, 

------------------------- 

Using Wikipedia, give a summary of 'Christian views of contraception'. Which other 

denominations hold similar views as Roman Catholics. What are some of the differences and 

issues involved? 

,----' . 

._---_. 

---------------- ,---------,------------ 

What is 'natural family planning' and how effective is it? 

----- ----,- 

--,,----- 

------------------- 

What are the major STD's that health officials are worried about today? Which are fastest 

growing ...which are most deadly or disfiguring? (can go to the CDC.gov or NIH.gov websites) 

'--"'--- 

_.,---- 

.- -_._--'----------------,--_._----------- 

------------------- 

._._-------------,--- 

In the Broome County area, what STD's are of the most concern and in what ways can young 

people protect themselves from them? 

----------- --------- 

----, 

,__ 

o

062 


Human Sexuality Article 

Mr. MacFadden 

Name ---_._-- 

Date 

The two teenage boys are almost screaming at each other. One, in the talk show audience, says: "You're 

a wimp, man! You've got no controL Having sex doesn't make you a man. I know I'm a man because 

I'm strong enough to wait." The other jumps up from his seat on the stage: "I don't have to wait! 

There's nothing wrong with having sex if you don't hurt anybody. I use a condom." 

Both these boys see themselves as sexually" responsible." For one, the "R" word means waiting for an 

adult, fully committed relationship--marriage. For the other, responsibility means preventing pregnancy 

and sexually transmitted diseases. 

What does the "R" word mean to most teens? Today, learning about abstinence, self-respect, and good 

decision-making is more important than ever. Says one pregnant teen: "I knew the basics of having sex. 

I really didn't know how emotional [it wasl-how it would affect me inside." 

Do teenagers want to be responsible about sex? images of teens in movies and on MTV show hormonedriven 

teens who've just "gotta have it." But think about this fact: "Whenmore than 1,000 teen girls in 

Atlanta recently were asked what they wanted to learn in sex education, 84 percent of the girls answered, 

"How to say no without hurting the other person's feelings." 

In fact, say some adults who work with teens, manyyoung people today think. long and hard about the 

need to be sexually responsible. 

"Most early adolescents realize that it's not vety smart for them to become sexually active," says Heather 

Johnston Nicholson, an official of Girls, Inc., which sponsors a national program airned at reducing teen 

pregnancy and improving the future of young women. "What they need are the skills and support to 

decline [sexual] involvement without being considered a complete dweeb by friends of both genders." 

Unfortunately, too many teens aren't getting the skills or support they need to survive the sexual 

pressures they face. "I am a freshman at a very high-class high school in California, and the pressure I 

feel to have sex is incredible," one teen commented on a recent "Nightline" program. "I am not yet 

ready to have sex, but I almost feel that I need to do so, so that this intense amount of pressure is 

lifted." 

Do you feel under pressure to begin-or continue-sexual activity? Do you feel as though sex might be 

something that will "just happen" in your life-whether or not you want it to happen? Do you spend 

time worrying about what other people expect or want from you-and not what you want? 

If you can answer yes to any of these questions, what you need is: 

,~accurate information about your sexuality-and about the issues surrounding teen sex 

'~help in thinking about "WHOyou are, and WI-IATyou want--now and in your future 

'~support for your decisions from people you care about-friends, 

family, and others. 

What is sexual responsibility? It means taking charge of your sexuality ... knowing your body is 

something you own ... knowing you are "answerable" for your actions and their consequences ... 

knowing that, unlike other vital functions such as eating, sleeping, elimination, sexual expression can be

063 


controlled in both sexes without damage to your health or life. It means that when somebody asks you, 

"Why'd you do that?" you can say: "Because it was right o •• because I wanted to" instead of "Because of 

the pressure" or "because my partner expected it" or "because it just happened that way ... I was carried 

away, we had a few drinks." 

Will Power/Won't 

Power 

"Some young women truly don't know they have the right to say no-veven if they've said yes in the 

past," says Nicholson. "\X11at we want them to understand is that today it's not cool to be swept off your 

feet. You need to be making strong choices to protect your health and your future." 

At more than 700 sites around the United States, girls participate in Girl, Inc.'s "Preventing Adolescent 

Pregnancy+program (PAP);'fhe program is designed to help teenage girls work togetherte develop 

strategies for postponing sexual activity and avoiding pregnancy. 

"We recognize that sex is a normal, healthy, and exciting part of human life," says Nicholson. "But it's a 

real challenge to manage your sexuality as a teenager because of all the pressure to have sex--all those 

messages coming from the media, from friends of both genders, and from one person in a 'you-wouldif-you-Ioved-me'relationship. 

"What we've found is that peer pressure can work both ways--that it's great to hang out with friends 

who've thought through a lot of these issues, and who support you in making thoughtful, positive 

choices about your sexuality. We do a great deal of role playing to let young women practice making 

good decisions in situations such as those they or their friends encounter in real life. And we ask them 

to think about the consequences of early sexual involvement: the risks of pregnancy or SIDs, how their 

parents or friends would think of them, how it might change their life. With our high school girls, we 

include a panel of teen parents-and right away, the glamour of having a baby drops away, and they see 

the reality of struggling to finish school and manage child care." Few, if any, teen fathers drop out of 

school, but many teen girls lose out on their education when they become mothers. 

"The research is pretty clear that the young women with the strongest educational and career plans are 

the least likely to have babies as teenagers, and the most likely to avoid S'IDs. It makes a difference if 

you think of yourself as a person with too much going for you to become pregnant in an unintended 

way." 

For teenagers-young women and men-Nicholson says, "Sexual responsibility includes the idea that you 

simply might have better stuff to do in your life right now." 

The Abstinence Movement 

They're attending rallies, signing pledge cards, and going public with a decision that, not too long ago, 

might have seemed old-fashioned. But the choice for abstinence ..-for remaining a virgin until marriage-- 

is creating a mini-revolution in the lives of some American teenagers. "True Love Waits," an abstinence 

program, says more than 250,000 teens have signed the program's campaign pledge cards. Other teens 

meet the abstinence message at school with different types of programs. 

Some abstinence programs offer tips on dating to help teenagers avoid dangerous situations. Some 

suggestions: group hikes or bike treks, dinner parties, volunteer work with friends, dances, or concerts. 

One group in Canada, where the abstinence movement also is taking hold, is holding a "creative dating 

contest" for teens who come up with interesting ways to spend time with the opposite sex.

064 


"I think my decision to stay a virgin is something that says I'm strong, and that I respect myself and the 

girls I go with," says one young man on a TV talk show. "'When I make love, it will be with the girl I've 

married, and it will be really terrific for both of us." 

A girl who shares the same decision adds: "Almost every one of my girlfriends who've had sex now tells 

me she's sorry she did it. I'm glad I've set my linlits and made this choice." 

Sexuality and Your" Self" 

AIDS and other STDs. Unwanted pregnancy-and parenthood. Problems later in life with conceiving a 

baby you want to have. You know the major physical risks of early sexual involvement. But what about 

the emotional and psychological risks? 

Adolescent psychologists agree that the main work of the teenage years is to construct a sense of 

personal identity-in short, to figure out who you are, what you believe, what you want from life as an 

adult. 

Too often, though, says psychologist David Elkind in his book All Grown Up and No Place to Go, 

many of today's teens lack "the time needed to put together a workable theory of self." Many teens 

today are so involved in trying to handle what once were "adults-only" issues (sexuality, substance abuse, 

etc.) that they don't get the chance to think much about their beliefs and values, their plans and 

expectations. 

"This sense of self," says Elkind, "is one of the teenager's most important defenses against stress." 

Without it, a teen may drift into adulthood still having a lot of growing up to do. A teen mother, for 

instance, may be so bogged down in the daily realities of child care and money problems that "whatever 

problem led to her early pregnancy will remain unresolved" as she grows into physical (but not 

emotional) adulthood. 

"I slept with quite a few girls when I was in high school anel college," remembers a man now in his 30s. 

"The experience left me without much trust-vand I think you can get into the habit of thinking all 

relationships are temporary. You can be 25 or 30 years old and still think: 'Oh, I'm just a kid--nobody 

really expects me to make a long-term commitment." 

Author Marion Howard writes: "Finding solutions to loneliness or unhappiness, or the lack of 

popularity, does not come through sexual involvement but through getting to know oneself and then 

reaching out to include life experiences that will really help a young person become the kind of person 

he or she would like to be." 

An Action Plan 

ONE: Make a decision. If you've thought through the issues and risks, and have decided sexual activity 

can wait, make a contract with yourself (in writing, if you like). Write down all the reasons why you've 

chosen to wait, and set up some "personal limits" to follow in social situations. 

TWO: Let somebody know. Jerry Melson of the "True Love Waits" program says: "Share this decision 

with a trusted adult and especially a trusted friend in your peer group." 'Though friends may joke about it 

at first, they will usually come to respect your decision. (If they don't, you might want to find new 

friends!

065 


NAME: 

_ 

l SEXUAL HARASSMENT: HoW TO DEFINE IT l 

STUDENT 

FACT 

SHEET 

1 

Sexual harassment is unwanted and unwelcome sexual behavior that interferes with 

your life. Sexual harassment does not include behaviors that you like or want. 

Defining sexual harassment may seem difficult. Let's give it a try. In its most basic 

form it is uninvited, and/or unwelcome, and/or unsolicited, and/or unwanted 

conduct directed at a person because he is male or because she is female. 

Sexual harassment can be from a female to a male, from a male to a female, from a 

male to a male or from a female to a female. Sexual harassment crosses all cultural 

. .... and class lines .. Á-totaLof-8Lpercent-of-aILstudents .are.the.target.ofíharassment.at.L. -.. . 

least once in their school years. By the eight grade 65 percent of girls and 55 

percent of boys have experienced at least one incident of harassment. Of the total 

harassed, four out of five times the person harassing them was another student, but 

one out of five times the harasser was a teacher or other school employee. Your 

school district has a policy that forbids sexual harassment no matter who is doing the 

behaviors. 

The dictionary defines "uninvited" as "not asked for, not attracted or asked for the 

attention." It is more difficult sometimes to figure out when something is 

"unwelcome." If it bothers you and is on your mind a lot or it makes you feel bad 

about yourself, then the conduct is probably unwelcome. There is another hint to 

help you figure out when something is unwelcome. When conduct is unwelcome, it 

is usually initiated or started by the person doing the behavior. For example, when 

someone always wants to hug you but you don't feel comfortable hugging that 

person, you probably never initiate the hug. A good and wanted interaction involves 

the mutual participation of both parties. How can you tell if the behavior is sexual 

in nature? What this means is that the person doing the behavior is only doing it to 

the target because the person is male or is female. For instance, in name calling, 

some names are said only to girls and some are said only to boys. Calling a girl a 

"bitch" or a boy a "fag" are common examples. 

When the unwelcome behavior occurs between students, the conduct becomes sexual 

harassment when the person doing the conduct finds out that it is unwelcome (unless 

it is so serious that everyone knows it's not okay). This can happen when the.person 

who is the target tells the person to stop or a friend or teacher tells the person to stop 

the behavior. Once a person knows that what he or she. is doing is making someone 

uncomfortable, thatindividual must stop the behavior. 

HRM VIDEO 

I 

I No EXCUSES: SEXUAL HARASSMENT 

46

066 


·'IAM""" 

_ 

I 

EXAMPLES OF SEXUAL H~RASSMENT I 

STUDENT 

. FACT 

SHEET 

3 

> Sexual comments, jokes, gestures, or looks. 

> Blocking someone's path or trapping him or her by a locker or in a room. 

> Unwelcome sexual advances or requests for sexual favors. Being forced to 

do something sexual like kissing or other behavior. 

> Discussing or rating another person's body or body parts. 

> Repeatedly pressuring a person for a date or for sex. 

> Touching, grabbing, or pinching someone in a sexual way. 

>- Calling other students gender-related names like "slut," "whore," "ho, " 

"stud," "bitch," "fag," etc. . 

>- Pulling off or down someone's clothes. 

> U sing a computer to send unwelcome sexual messages. 

> Spreading sexual rumors about another person by writing them, speaking 

them, or sending them bye-mail. 

Note: These behaviors are considered sexual harassment only if they are 

unwelcome and unwanted by the person targeted. 

TITLE IX/SEXUAL HARASSMENT OFFICE 

University of California-Santa Cruz 1996 

HRM VIDEO 

I 


48

067 


,( " 

NAMe:: 

\ 

eT"~~X;::;:~ARASS.ME:N~ QUESTIONNAIRE J 

WORK 

SHEET 

2A 

Read the following statements. Circle "YES" if you agree with the statement, "NO" 

if you disagree with the statement, and "MAYBE" if you are not sure. 

1. It is hard to tell the difference between sexual harassment and flirting. 

YES NO MAYBE 

2. Sexual harassment occurs only when there has been physical touching or a 

physical assault. 

YES NO MAYBE 

3. Most sexual harassment at school involves one student harassing another. 

YES NO MAYBE 

4. Most people who sexually harass do so because they are obsessed with sex. 

YES NO MAYBE 

5. If I tell people that they are "cute" or "look nice in those jeans" or ask them 

out on a date, I can be accused of sexual harassment. 

YES NO MAYBE 

6. Girls or boys who wear sexy clothing are asking for sexual harassment. 

YES NO MAYBE 

7. Most targets of sexual harassment just ignore the behavior and it doesn't 

really affect their lives. 

YES NO MAYBE 

HRM VIDEO I 


2

068 


NAME:, 

_ 

SEXUAL HARASSMENT QUESTIONNAIRE (CONTINUED) 

...---- 

WORK 

SHEET 

2A 

\ 

-C-'- 

/ 

8. The best way to avoid being accused of sexual harassment is to stay away 

from the opposite sex. 

YES .NO MAYBE 

9. Girls cannot sexually harass other girls, and boys cannot sexually harass 

other boys. 

YES NO MAYBE 

10. Many students use an allegation of sexual harassment to get revenge on 

someone at school. 

YES NO MAYBE 

( 

HRM VIDEO 

I 


-_.-//- 

2·

069 


EXAMPLES OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT CONDUCT 

TEACHER 

FACT 

SHEET 

2 

Examples of conduct which may constitute sexual harassment 

are unwelcome, uninvited, or unwanted by the target include: 

when these behaviors 

>- .sexual advances or requests far sexual favors 

>- touching, patting, grabbing, or pinching another person 

~ graffiliof a sexual nature 

>- sexual gestures 

>- sexual or dirty jokes 

>- touching oneself sexually or talking about one's sexual activity in 

front of others 

>- spreading sexual rumors 

>- discussing or rating a person's body or body parts 

>- blocking someane's path or trapping someone by his or her locker 

>- repeatedly pressuring a person for a date 

>- using a computer to send unwelcome sexual messages or to spread 

rumors 

>- calling other students demeaning names that are gender-related like 

"slut," "ho," "fag," "bitch," etc. 

HRM VIDEO I 

I No EXCUSES: SEXUAL HARASSlvlENT 

19

070 


NAME: --'- _ 

I EXAMPLES OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT 

I 

STUDENT 

FACT 

SHEET 

3 

>- Sexual comments, jokes, gestures, or looks. 

;.. Blocking someane's path or trapping him or her by a locker or in a room. 

>- Unwelcome sexual advances or requests for sexual favors. Being forced to 

do something sexual like kissing or other behavior. 

>- Discussing or rating another person's body or body parts. 

>- Repeatedly pressuring a person for a date or for sex. 

>- Touching, grabbing, or pinching someone in a sexual way. 

'>- Calling other students gender-related names like "slut," "whore,""ho, " 

"stud," "bitch," "fag," etc. 

>- Pulling offor down someone's clothes. 

>- Using a computer to send unwelcome sexual messages. 

>- Spreading sexual rumors about another person by writing them, speaking 

them, or sending them bye-mail. 

Note: These behaviors are considered sexual harassment only if they are 

unwelcome and unwanted by the person targeted. 

TITLE IX/SEXUAL HARASSMENT OFFICE 

University of California-Santa Cruz 1996 

HRM VIDEO I I No EXCUSES: SEXUAL HARASSMENT I 

50

071 


.NAME: 

_ 

/ 

I 

1__ 

"_H_O_S_T_I_L_E_H_A..,-L_L'---W_A_y_S_,,-----I1 

STUDENT 

FACT 

SHEET 

6 

Most students have experienced some form of sexual harassment in school. And 

while the impact of sexual harassment in school is significant for all students, girls 

suffer greater effects than boys. Further, the level of sexual harassment of boys is 

surprisingly high. A survey of 1632 public school students in grades eight through 

.' 11 from 79 different schools across the country* revealed: 

----I-~---~-----"--''----,.,---------~------------'---------I~-----~- 

> Four out of every five students (81%) report that they have experienced 

unwanted and unwelcome sexual behavior that has interfered with their lives. 

Of all the students who filled out the survey, only 15% ofthe girls and 

24% of the boys report that they have not been sexually harassed. 

>66% of the girls and 49% of the boys who report being harassed say that it 

has happened to them more than once, and one in three girls and one in five 

boys report that it has happened "often." . 

> In the racial breakdown of sexual harassment in school there are greater gaps 

among boys than gil-Is. For all the boys surveyed, African Americans (81 %) 

are more likely to have experienced sexual harassment than whites (75%) and 

. Hispanics (69%). For all girls surveyed, 87% of white girls report having 

experienced sexual harassment, compared with 84% of African American and' 

82% of Hispanic girls. 

- > 54% of girls and 40% of boys first experienced sexual harassmentbetween . 

sixth and ninth grade. ~ 

> Two thirds of all students say that they have been targets of sexual comments, 

jokes, gestures, or looks. . 

> 65% of girls and 42% of boys say that they have been touched, grabbed, or .. 

pinched in a sexual way.' 

> 57% of girls and 36% of boys say that they have been intentionally brushed 

up against in a sexual way. 

> 49% of girls and 41 % of boys report that they have been mooned or flashed, 

> 42% of girls and 34% of boys say they have been the target of sexual rumors. 

> 38% of girls and 28% of boys have had their clothes pulled at in a sexual way. 

HRM VIDEO 

No EXCUSES: SEXUAL HARASSMENT 

53

072 


NAME' 

_ 

"HOSTILE 

HALLWAYS" (CONTINUËD) 

STUDENT 

FACT 

SHEET 

6' 

)lo- 

34% of boys and 31%of girls have been shown, given, or left unwanted, 

sexual pictures or notes. 

)lo- 

)lo- 

38% of girls and 17% of boys have been blocked or cornered in a sexual way: 

23% of girls and 14% of boys have been forced to kiss someone when they, 

did not want to kiss that person. In addition, 13% of girls and 9% of boys 

have been forced to do something sexual at school when they did not want to. 

)lo- 

23% of boys and 10% of girls have been called gay or lesbian. 

, , 

)lo- 

Of the 81%who have been harassed, one in five say they have been 

,harassed by a school employee (such as teacher, coach, bus driver, teacher's 

'aide, security guard, custodian, counselor, or principal). Girls were the target 

25% of the time and boys were the target 10% of the time. The remaining 

four out of five have been targeted by another student. 

* American Association of University Women. Hostile Hallways: The AAUW 

Survey on Sexual Harassment in America's Schools. Washington, D.C.: 

AAUW, June 1993. 

HRM VIDEO No EXCUSES: SEXUAL HARASSMENT 

54

073 

T [hin): you're ready io So al! llte way? ¡lil' ll'"! sure? Sexually 

transmitted inferiions, uuplinnu»! ¡In'gilli!:cy, ond CIIIOlÍOliill douht» 

are ¡", good reasons lo wait! ¡hJorc yUli Xu loo/III; tnkc 17 look lit this 

list, Or uuike II!' yOllr own {('¡lYS io [inish ihr sentence: 

roure nat ready to have sex if '" 

-_ ..• --~ --"- .. ~_ -~. w_- , 

1. You think sex equals love. 

2. You feel pressured. 

3. You're a fi aid to say no. 

4. it's just easier to give in. 

5. You think everyone else is duinq it. (They're not l) 

6. Your instincts tell you not to. 

7. You don't know the facts about pregnancy. 

8. You don't understand how bir th control works. 

9. You don't think ct woman can get 

pregnant the first time. (She can.) 

to. 

It goes against your moral beliefs. 

ít It goes against your religious 

(~ 

beliefs. ",,, 

12. You'!! regret it ifl tÎle morning. 

13. You feei embarrassed or ashamed. 

14. You're doing it to prove something. 

15. You call't support a child. ~Jíii' 

16. You can't support yourself., \«~rt...lJ,¡; 

17. 

lB. 

19. 

Your idea of commitment is a 3day video rental. 

You believe sex befOíe rnaíriage is wíong. 

You don't know how to protect yourself from 

l liVc---lhe virus that causes AIDS. 

20 .. '{ou don't knov'J the signs and sy:nptül1iS of sexuaHy 

iransn1~tied infections (5T;5, also caned STDs). 

21. '(ou think it \tvin Blake your partner ¡ove you. 

2.2. '{ou think il vv¡n. inake you love your paf tncL 

23w You think ~tv'/i!! keep you t0getÎl0f. 

2,~¡'~ \(ou hope ~t\r'J~n chaj1~Ie yOtH iif~. 

,?.5~ Yo',,; dc:;'l \'~'(0ntit ~ccha:¡~'~2 '/~}U¡ !~':~")_ 

::¡:-'" 

"'4¡~\ 

J} .: 

If 

hfo>c.'-' 

';, 

~ 

i 

I 

iIII 

d 

" IÏí 

'. 

I ;1 

I ¡ 

j 

'I·" 

l.... 

lÎJl 

1 

, 

'li! 

I 

,.-.~] 

;.~~ 

J\l 

~I 

fl' 

i 

I 

1 l!l 

., .J 

'.¡ 

;j 

,'J 

') 

;1 

,-J 

:'~ 

H· ...ST J 7- SF J¡HU'fN !!If )/\V\f 1 í[/1HT 

26,. '{ou/re not ready fori the relationship to change. 

27. YOII're drunk. 

28. You wish you were 1runk. 

29. Your par trier is uruilr· 

30. YClu,:~peet ~t ~o .be ¡rer feet., 

31. You ¡i just die if ¡t's Tot perteet. 

32. You can't laugh tüg9tller about awkward elbows 

and clumsy clothes. I 

33. You're not ready to ~ake off your clothes. 

34. You think HIVand rl\j¡DS only happen to other people. 

.35. You think you can tJI! who has HIV by looking at them. 

36. You don't think teeI~Sget I ¡¡V. (They do.) 

37. You don't know tha~ abstinence is the only 100% protection 

aqainst sexually tra¡15íllitted infections ond rregnan'Y. 

38. 'You havenit talked about tomorrow. 

39. You can't face the t~\ounht of tomorrow. 

40. You:d be ~lorrified ¡II your parents íoU!:dout. 

4'1. You re doinq Il just 30 your parents W¡i1 íind out. 

42. You'r; .t,:o. sca:.ed tal think cle ar ly. 

43. You tnini

- __ __ - • • • _ _ __ • _ _ _ £4h 

.3 

- 

& ri 

, - 

074 

50 THINGS YouSHOULD KNOW ABouT HI" AND SAFER SEX 

5. AIDS is the third leading cause of 

death among women 25 to 44 years old. 

6. AIDS ISTME NUMBER ONE CAUSE 

OF DEATH AMONCi MEN lS TO 

7. 

44 YEARS OLD. ft ft n , 

. .. sæ 

Many people who have ~ IB ID tB tB 

AIDS in their twenties -B ...... $-~ 

became infectedwith ~fm., ~.[i1~-- 

HIV in their teens. ~ 

8. You can be infected with mv for 10 

years or more without having any 

symptoms. 

9. You can't tell by looking if someone. 

hasHIV. 

10. You can take steps to protect yourself 

fromHIV. - 

11. iF;YOU DO THINGS THAT PUT' 

I YOU AT RISK YOU CAN BECOME 

I INFECTED WITH HIV. IT DOESNT 

l 'MAlTER WHO YOUARE. 

. 12. You are at risk any time you exchange 

body fluids (semen, blood, vaginal 

, ~uids or breast ~). _ ~II\ 

U 

13. ;ou can become ~ected 

if you have sex WIth an pa· 

!_£ d ¡.lo" 

. infecte person. ,.mB! 

16. You can't get HIV from water fountains, 

bathrooms or eating utensils. r.\... 

17. Babies born to women with HIV IIrv 

may become infected before or . 

during birth, or through 

bveast-feeding. / 

I 14. You can also become . .. ~ ~ . I 

infected if you share needles' IlJ I 26. Massage, hugging and masturbation 

or syringes with an infected peISOn.are safe, ~_ 

15. MIVIS NOT PASSEDTHROUGH 27~Nevershare needles or ~.~ 

l .CAS.UAL CONTACT SUCH AS syringes for injecting .•~~ •..~ "\ 

f SHAKING HANDS, COUGHING drugs or steroids -.· ~ 

I, 

OR SNEEZING. 

r - -- u 

._-.h 

18. SAFER SEX MEANS TAKING STEPS ..,. 

TOPROTEaVOURSELF FROM HIV. 

19. Choosing not to have sex is safest. 

20. If you choose to have sex, catty condoms. 

Use them .. 

·21. You can buy latex condoms from drug 

stores, convenience stores or vending 

machines. 

22. Use a new latex condom each time you. 

have vaginal, anal or oral sex. 

I 

2B. Using drugs may make it harder to - 

I stay safe. It's safest not to use drugs! 

--::.. 29. Never share needles or inks for' 

.: I tattooing or piercing. . 

I 

. .~ 

075 


3 

Hiv ENCE!PHALOPATHY 

,(DE1~NTIA) 

ABL Y SYMPTOMS 

• Memory loss 

• Inability to concentrate 

• Slowness of thought 

• Ape.thy, lack olf interest in life 

\ 

$ Poor balance and coordination 

"ATER SIGNS 

~!I Agitation 

. tf- 

, tí Progression of motor disabilities 

e Unstable moods, cries easily 

• Incontínence 

RECURRENT OPPORTUNIST .: 

INFECTIONS 

PARASmc INFECTIONS 

• PneumocyaÜl carinU pDeumorua. 

• Toxoplumosu 

• Cr)1IltœporicUotils 

II ~porlu'" 

VUlA.L INFECnONS 

Gt Cytomeaalovirus (CNtV) 

ft Herpes admpla 'IflnI8 (BSV) 

• Primary muldfoal ~pUJopbj 

(Pl\n.,) 

FUNGAL INFECTIONS 

.. CandIdi ••• 

fli CryptococcalMen1qiU. 

• BJatoplum_ 

• Cocc:idJodomleœla 

BACTElUAL INlFECTIONS 

.~ycobacteriuœa 

~M. Tuberculodl c.TB) 

~ M. Avlum complu (MAC) 

• SamœoneUa 

RECURRENT PNEUMONIA . 

.... 

.',

076 


b 

,.f~,\ 

',:1; 

..?~ 

-~ 

f 

.~.. 

;!';:i~rfi·~.'~ VourseIf'f.fom SWOr!." 

, . 

Nat having sex is the best way to protect yourself from STD. 

Having'sex with only one uninfected partner who_Qnly_has_s.ex__ 

with you is also safe. Here are other things you can do to protect 

yourself: 

~, 

5.~-------_._- 

, , 

• Talk to your partner about past sex partners and about 

needle drug use. Don't have sex with someone who you think 

may have an STD. , 

• Before you have sex, look closely at your partner for any 

signs ofSTD-a rash, a sore, redness or discharge. If you see 

anything you are worried about don't have sex! 

• Use a latex condom (rubber) for vaginal, anal and oral 

sex. Condoms will help protect you from STD much of the 

time. Both men and women should carry condorns. 

• In addition to condoms, use birth control foam, cream 

or jelly. These kill many STD germs. 

o Get checked for STD every. time you have a health exam. 

If you have more than one sex partner, get an STD check any 

time you think you might be at risk, even if you don't have 

symptoms. 

• Know the signs and symptoms of STD. If you notice a 

symptom that worries you, get checked out! 

• If you have an STD, your partnerïs) must get treated 

when you do. 

• If you have an STD, don't have sex until your treatment 

is complete. 

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Here are some signs that may mean you have an STD, If you have 

any of these symptoms, go to an STD clinic or a private doctor. Don't 

put it off-get checked out now!' , 

Women: 

, 

Both 'WolDen and Men: 

• An unusual discharge or • Sores, bumps or blisters 

smell from your vagina. near your sex organs, , 

• Pain in you(pelvic area- rectum or mouth. 

the area between your belly • Burning and pain when you 

button and sex organs, urinate (pee) or have a 

• Burningor itching around 

. bowel movement. 

your vagina, 

• Need to urinate (pee) often. 

• Bleeding from your vagina • Itching around your sex 

that is not your regula:r organs. ' , 

) perlad. • A swelling or redness in 

• Pain deep ínsíde your 

your throat. 

vagina when you have sex. • Flu-like feelings, with fever, 

; 

chills and aches. 

',' 

Men 

• A drip or discharge from 

the 

your penis. 

• Swelling in your groin- 

area around your sex 

organs. 

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,,_ with action! .' l 

.Follow these steps and stay safer: 

1.Only have sex when you êl:re 

prepared to be safe.. " ... 

; 2. Know your limits and stick to . 

them ~you'll feel better about 

yourself. 

; 3. Improve your safer sex confidence. 

Learn to use latex: condoms. Show 

. your partner. 

, 4. Stay in charge. Use condoms every 

time you have vaginal, anal or oral 

I sex. Use a latex: barrier (a condom 

'I' eut in half or dental darn) for 

, oral sex:with a woman. 

5. Respect your body. Never share 

needles for injecting-drugs or 

steroids. Never share needles or 

ínks for tattoos or body piercing .. 

1\ 6. Avoid sitmition.s.when you may 

have trouble following safer sex 

guidelines. Remember, alcohol 

I 

ānd drugs may make it harder to 

stay safe. 

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1 You've probab.ly heard abouti] 

I HIV and safer sex. You may even 

know how to protect yourself 

•from HIV. But do you always act 

in your best interests? Are you 

practicing safer sex when you 

need to? This pamphlet will help 

you explore self esteem and sexand 

help you take steps to . 

stay safer. 

¡' . - --- 

l - 

PROfECT YOURSELF 

, 

I - 

2- 

Written by Mardi Richmond. 

. Designed by Eva Barnstein. Illustrated by Meg Biddle. 

© 1996 joumeyworks Publishing. All rights reserved. 

please do not duplicate. Printed on recycled paper. 

., 

Ti~e#5091 ISBN 1-56885-091-3 

for ordering information cúHtüct. 

JOURNEYWORKS PUBL.LS'HING 

P_O. Box 8466 • Sanla Cruz· CA 95061 

Teleph()l'le: 408·423·1400 

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080 


protecting against the transm'ssien 0'1 1'''IIVand other STDs. In Dreier to senleve the protecíive 

effect of condoms, they must be used correctly and consistently. Incorrect use can leao to 

condom sllppaqe or breakaçe, thus diminishing their protective effect.. Inconsistent use, e.ç., 

failure to use condoms with every act of intercourse, can lead to STD transmission because 

transmission can OCCUI" with a single act of intercourse. 

1\ Don't share razors or toothbrushes because of the possibility of contact with blood. 

I) If you are pregnant or- think you ITlight be soon, talk to a doctor or your local health department 

about being tested for HIV. Drug treatments are available to help you and reduce the chance 

of passing HIV to your baby if you llave it. 

li! 

How do ¡ know if I have ¡-UVOl' t)~iDS? 

You mi¡Jht have HIVand still feel perfectly healthy. The only way to know fot" sure if 

you are Infe¡;tt-)d or not ls to bø tested. Talk with a knowledçeable health care 

, provider or counselor both before and after" you are tested. You can go to your deetor Oí 

health department for testlnq or buy 8 home collection kit (tor testing tor HIV antibodies) 

at many pharmacies. To find out where to go in yOIlI' area for HIV counseling and 

----------t@sting,call-yoklf-IGG¡¡¡I-R@ffillth-Q@p,;;¡¡:t¡:n@nt-(.)I:.-tt:¡.@-C.I)C-t'.j&.1tiC)n@I-A-I.[)S-I::.jQtlin@,8t-1·~ßOG~---------- - 

342~AIDS (;2437). 

Your doctor or health care providercan give you a conñdential HIVle8t. The information on your HIV 

test and test results are confidential, just as your other medical information. This means it can be 

shared only with people authorized to see your medical records. You call ask your doctor, health care 

provider, or HIV counselor at the place you are tested to explain who can obtain this inforrnation. FOI' 

example, you may want to ask whether your insurance company could find out your ¡-'IIVstatus if you 

make a claim for health insurance beneflts or apply for life insurance or disability insurance. 

In many states, you can be tested anonymously. These tests are usually given at special places 

known as anonymous testing sites. Wilen you get an anonymous HIV test, the testing site records 

only a number or code with the test result, not your name. /-\ counselor gives you this number at the 

time your blood, saliva, or urine is taken for the test, then you return to the testing site (or perhaps 

call the testing site, fOI" example with horne collection kits) and give them your" number or code to 

learn the results of your' test. 

You are more IikeIy to test positive for (be infected with) HIV if you: 

Ih Have ever" shared injection dr'ug needles and syrlnçes or "works." 

Il> Have ever had sex without a condom with someone who had HIV. 

III Have ever had a sexually transmitted disease, like chlamydia or Gonorrhea. 

(~ Received a blood transfusion or él blood clotting factor between '1978 and ·198f3. 

(\> Have ever had sex with someone who has done any of those thinDs 

VI/hat can I do if the test shows 

I have HIV? 

Although HIV is El very serious infection, many people with HIVand AIDS are living IOIl~JC~r, healthier 

lives today, thanks to new and eftectlve treatments. It is very important to make sure you have a 

doctor who knows how to treat HIV. If you don't know which doctor to use, talk with él health care 

professional or trained HIV counselor. If you are pregnant or ar"e planning to become pregnant, this is 

especially important. 

There also are other things you can do for yourself to stay healthy. Here are a few: 

@ I:ollow your' doctor's instructions. Keep your appointments. Your doctor may prescribe 

medicine for you. Take the medicine just the way he or she tells you to because taking only 

sorne of your medicine gives your HIV infection more chance to grow. 

(JI' Get immunizations (shots) to prevent infectíonssuch as pneumonia and flu. Your doctor will 

tell you when to get these shots. 

.. If you smoke or if you use elrugs Ilot prescribed by your doctor, quit. 

III Eat healthy foods. This will help keep you strong, keep your energy and weight up, and help 

your body protect itself.

081 


'#\fnat 

is HIVand how can I get it? 

H!V - the humanimmuncdeñciency virus - is a virus that kills your body's "C1J4cells," CD4 cells 

(also called T ..helper cells) help your body fiÇJl1toff infection and disease, HIV can be passed from 

person to person if someone with HIV infection has sex with or shares drug injection needles with 

another person. It also can be passed from a mother.to her baby when she ls pregnant, when she 

delivers the baby, or if she breast-feeds her baby, 

ll\/hat IS I~IDS? 

A¡DS ",the acquired lrnmunodeñciency syndrome" is a disease you get when HIV destroys your 

body's immune system. Normally, your immune system helps you fiç¡ht off illness, When l'our 

immune system faits you can become very sick and can die. 

\Nh~itdo ! need to know about HiV? 

The first cases of AIDS were identified in the United States in'1981, but /-,IDS most likely existed hers 

and in other parts of tile world for many years; before that Urne.In 1884 scientists proved that HIV 

causes AIDS. 

Anyone can [Jet HIV. The most important thing to know is how you can get the virus, 

You can get HIV: 

£. Dy having unprotected S8)('" sex without a condorn- with someone who has HIV, The ,', 

virus can be in an infected person's blood, semen, or vaginal secretions and can enter your 

body throuqh tiny cuts or sores in your skin, or in the linint~of your vagina, penis, rectum, or 

mouth. 

® By sharing El needle and syringe to inject drugs or sharing drug equipment used to prepars 

drugs fal" injection with someone who has HIV. 

~ Frem a blood transfusion or blood clotting factor that you got before 19B£),(Elut today it is 

unlikely you could get infected that way because ali blood in the United States has been tem:eö 

1'01' HIV since 1985.) 

Babies born to women with HIVaiso can become infected during pregnancy, birth, Dr 

breast ..feeding. 

You cannot get HIV: 

\~ By working with m being around someone who has HIV. 

@ From sweat, spit, tears, clothes, drinking fountains, phones, toilet seats, or through everyday 

things like sharing a meal. 

., From insect bites or stings. 

(1' r: rom donating blood. 

~, From El closed-mouth kiss (but there is El very small chance of getting it from open-mouthed Ol' 

"French" kissing with Bn infected person because of possible blood contact), 

How can I protect myself? 

§I. Don't share needles and syringes used to inject drugs, steroids, vitamins, or for tattooinp Ol" 

body plercinç. Also, don't share equipment ("works") used to prepare drugs to be injected, 

Many people have been infected with HIV, hepatitis, and other çJC-;3fTnS this way, Germs from Dn 

infected person can stay in a needle and then be injected directly into the next person who 

use~:;the needle, 

e;, The surest way to avoid transmission of sexually transmitted diseases is to abstain l'rom 

sexual intercourse, or to be in a longterm mutuallymonoqarnous relationship with El partner 

who has been tested and you know is uninfected. 

fr) For persons whose sexual behaviors place them at risk for STDs, correct and consistent use 

of the male latex condom can reduce the risk of STD transmission. However, 110 protective 

method is " 00 percent effective, and condom use cannot guarantee absolute protection 

against any STD. The more sex partners you have, the 9reater your chances are of getting 

H!V or other diseases passed throuçh s'ex,

082 


Name: 

---------------------------- 

~ 

There are currently three rapid HIV tests licensed for use in the United 

States: 

» OraQuick Rapid HIV -1 Antibody Test, manufactured by OraSure Technologies, Inc. 

» Reveal HIV -1 Antibody Test, manufactured by MedMira, Inc. 

» Single Use Diagnostic System for HIV-1 (SUDSTM), manufactured by Abbott-Murex 

What are the benefits of a rapid HIV test? 

In 2000, about 30 percent of people tested through public testing programs who 

tested HIV-positive and 39 percent of people who tested HIV -negative did not 

return to receive their test results. With rapid HIV testing, results are available in 

as little as 20 minutes. Also, unlike other tests, a rapid test can be stored at room 

temperature and requires no special equipment. 

How does the test work? 

The OraQuick Rapid HIV -1 Antibody Test detects antibodies to HIV -1, the virus 

that causes AIDS, in the blood of an HIV -infected individual. Less than a drop of 

blood is needed for the test. 

How accurate is the test? 

According to the manufacturer, the test is able to correctly identify at least 99.6 

percent of specimens from HIV -infected persons, and 100 percent of specimens 

from uninfected individuals are negative. 

When should someone 

be tested? 

It takes about one to three months for detectable antibodies to appear in the blood 

after HIV infection. However, someone who might be infected should be tested 

as soon as possible, and then re-tested later. 

What if the results 

are negative? 

Because HIV antibodies take time to develop, people with a possible exposure 

(sexual contact or needle sharing) within the last three months should be re-tested. 

Staff at the testing site will be able to recommend a timeframe for the second test. 


are positive? 

Follow-up blood testing using another test is necessary to confirm that HIV 

antibodies are present. 

HUMAN RELATIONS MEDIA BIl AIDS UPDATE: THE LATEST FACTS

083 


Name: 

_ 

~ 

There are several types of HI V tests available. It's important to understand how each type 

of test works-and also helpful to recognize the difference between confidential and 

anonymous testing. 

Enzyme Immune 

Assay (EIA) 

The most commonly used HIV screening test is an enzyme immune assay (EIA). 

It identifies antibodies in the blood that are produced by the body to fight HIV. If 

an EIA test shows a reaction, the test is repeated on the same blood sample. 

Those test results are then "confirmed" using a second test-usually the W estern 

Blot test. 

Western 

Blot 

This test is more specific and can tell 

the difference between HIV 

antibodies and other antibodies that 

might also react to the EIA and cause 

false-positive results. A person is 

considered infected with HIV 

following a repeatedly reactive result 

from the EIA, confirmed by the 

Western Blot test. 

Rapid HIV Tests 

A rapid HIV test usually produces 

results in less than two hours. There 

are currently three rapid HIV tests 

licensed for use in the United States: 

Confidential testing-With 

this type of testing, your name is 

linked to your test results and the 

results may become part of your 

medical records. However, the 

information can only be released 

with your written permission. 

Anonymous testing-This type 

of testing does not link your name 

to your test results. It uses a code 

number or file number to identify 

you. Your name remains unknown 

to anyone in the laboratory. 

};> OraQuick Rapid HIV -1 Antibody Test, manufactured by OraSure 

Technologies, 

Inc. 

};> Reveal HIV -1 Antibody Test, manufactured by MedMira, Inc. 

};> Single U se Diagnostic System for HIV -1 (SUDSTM), 

manufactured by Abbott-Murex 

The availability of these tests may differ from one place to another. These tests are 

considered to be just as accurate as the standard blood test. As is true for all 

screening tests, a positive test result must be confirmed with an additional specific 

test before a diagnosis of HIV infection can be given. 

For more information on rapid HIV tests, please see Faet Sheet 8, Rapid HIV Tests. 

Thisfact sheet is continued on the next page . 

AIDS 

HUMAN RELATIONS MEDIA .. 

UPDATE: THE LATEST FACTS

084 


! -::----.-----. ABoûfTHE ftESEARCH -_ ..... 

-. He~ are S~~le an~~ ~rsabout cui'rent . --~'ral sUb~ce; ~id;i~~~~~t 

, AIDS research provldec byaJeadlngAIDS ; In the body, ltil role Is to signal iníec 

. researcher, Anthony Fa lcl, director of the fighting white blood calls, known as 

National Institute of AilErgy.and Infectious cells. to begin dividing. . 

Disease, and other sou ces. Q. Whit role do Ihøs. white 

Question: Have d~leton cured blood cells play In HIV Inf&ctlof, 

AIDS? 

A. To answer that. It is Important, 

.. ._.... .__ Answer: No, They i lave found that a know how CD4 cells work In people 'i 

potent dose of an Imm me system stlmu- are not Infected with HIV, 

lant ~an kill virtually all of the AIDS vlrus, In hèalthy people, CD4 cells are gil' 

I HIV, In the body, .. . als In the body's onslaught against di} I 

Q._~yJSIl1!UhaLi.cur8? '.. '".''' ease.They·eommand·the·other-lmml;j~· ~;- 

A. With HIV, you hal e to kill all of the'~ cells In the body to attack bacteria am . 

virus no matter where t lurks, in blood Or',H viruses. 

tissue, Even Ilt few SUri Ivlng viruses can HIV'lnvades these cells, When they 

l sow the seeds of IIfe-tllreatenlng Infee- , activated by Infection Dr some other 

It':;too soon to can from the disappointment last year tlon IhroughouUhe itrll nune syster)1all means CD4 T-cells become virus fac; 

of finding chat certain inactive over again, . r: ries P¡oduclng large Quantities of vlru 

it fil cure, experts say immunecell:-;iJ:1AIDSpatjentsh~l'. Q.Hasa~yoneeV&rbeenClOnsld. Q.lsthaulltbeydO? 

bor lat~nt VJ.l'US for years, despite ered curedW . ,. . A. No, Some of them, known as rEIS 

GII\I~NETt NhWS SERVICE ot!wrwlse su~:es~ful treatment. A. No: In one ~ase, a rnan ~own to.. . Ing CD4 T-cells, become safe havens 

A bëJ;fåpproachto AIDS treat- ro get a~,\ his VIruS, doctors gave the PLIblieonly ~sthe IlerlIn.patl~nt,a .' -: . latent virus, sheltering It from anti-HIV 

mer t appears for the first time to . 14 patients. taking standard drugs course of HIV:kHlIng dl ugs er!ldlpated;-'drilgs, ...," ,'.. . 

. hav, ~flushed virtually all HIV from additional courses of the iinmunel most of the VIrUS and l1enhlsJmmu~~, ..:. Q. How' dols 'Hnf hide from the. 

the olood of three patients, a "top stimulant interleukin 2. or IL·2, tal system took over, keelllng,._~I~.lpfectiO~at':.èlruP'l,:';:',.,,::: j ...?: . ., 

researcher said Sunday,. . activate quiescent c,ells and force bay. . h' ·"b'·'k···· .,. A.-HIV, like aWvlruses. is essentiall\ 

A. biopsy of one patient's lymph . them to chum out VIruS. The virus as not c( me ae even. bundle of genes, When HIV Infects a 

. nod! ~- where lívevlrus is com. Flushingout the virus exposes if' ~hOUg'1!ey~~ ~~gP ¡dtaking a,ntl-HIV . white blood cell, those genes literally 

mady abundant in HIV -infectéd to the pO,tent ant¡ ..HIV drugs, .[n rugs ',. stitch themselVes into the genes of thi 

pat; ~nlts -·-also proved negative ~heo:y, thiswould clearthe,remalll' I %1~::I:ü:': 

:::P:ú::r:nd . Infected cell so they can't be unrayele 

usi!'1 g the most seusitive tests avail- mg vlru~ fr,om tbe body, as It appar- h~~ did H 'Nerk? • When the body's Irrymune system ISal 

abh, said Antbony Faúcî, of the ently did m three patients, In all A T nty~six men Nere enrolled vated to fight infection, HIV ISactivate, 

Nat onal Institute. of Allergy and three, doctors failed to grow live • we , ' too, Rather than dividing, as it should 

1nf(: eti,o.I,.\S Diseases, Betl.lesda.· ,Md.. HIV from 3

085 


Do you haue questions 

about 

nrv arid AIDS?~? 

about symptoms, transmission, 

prevention/risk reduction or. 

I... nV~!'elated services? 

WE! can help! 

Call the Ne~1 York State 

I-UVCounseling Hotline 

1-80~1]i-872-2777 

__ III-"' - ..-----m---- 

Monday through Friday,:: p.m .• 8 p.m" 

Saturd'IlYand Sunday, 10 a.m. - 6 p.m. 

Tape rQcot'd'l~dmessages on topics of 

HIV I AIDS areals available by calling 

N ew York Stiate AIDS Tape Ubrary 

1-800··S41-AIDS 

Monday th.J:'l.a Friday, 8 a.m. - 8 p.m. 

Saturday ami Sunday, 10 a.m. ~r, p.m. 

AIDS HOTLINE TAPE LUnt, 

Wh ... th. aper.to!: -WIII!'Il, .. ftll' Il ,,. lat 

rn__ .bynl.Ullw. . " 

Truu ..... IClllJPnvantiol\ 

269 Red\KUI1 Yaur RIB fCll' HIV w.cticm >!l'dId 

2.80 Adoheœft Su. HIV 1zI.feed0l\ and Aitl$ 

ZU A~ ~ U... HIV ~()V\ IIJ 

1M CVDnq¡ UM: HIV w.cøon _4.Moo 

2116 HIV lnl*:uon and AIDS !ri the Workpliw! 

Diapotù(l'I'HbMDt 

2.60 The HIV Antibody T.et 

266 DiIIpaIW of HIV ~ 11'I4 AJOS 

2. T~_t ....... IWadnllo HIVw••,.'ü"," lA! 

290 Carini tor SoIMor:l. with HlV ~ ~.I'Id.' 

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268 Oüdrw:\ wtd\ HIV w..'tiWI1Iftd AJ06\ 

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2.aO Ado Sø. HIV ~ cd Alt1.¡ 

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MIec.'wUuaeou. 

267 c.n and Jti&hta QI ~ with HIV inf«Holl 

2al Nutridon: HlVWes:ticII\ _cl AJDS 

2811 ptlQlf Satety: HCV lllÑdiOl!, and AtoS 

Spaaf.Ilh 

262 La pNeN cl. 8J\t1~ del vin» Øl 

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MnPortant information about HIVand AIDS 

What do the following stand for? 

H 

__ 

1 ___ 

----~~~--------------------------------------------------~ 

A 

__ 

I ~ __ 

D ~ ___ 

5 __ 

*HIV 

is a virus that attacks the body's immunesystem 

"'kills CD4 or T-helper cells which help the body fight 

off diseases and infections 

*AIDS is the last stage of the HIV disease 

".,the bodies immunesystem breaks down because protective 

cells cannot fight disease and infection 

-beccuse this system fails, a person with AIDS develops a 

variety of life-threatening illnesses 

"'diagnosed when CD4 cell count falls below 200 

OR 

-when the person develops any of the Q.pportunistic 

infections that can occur in someone with lowered 

immunity 

"'a person will only develop AIDS by being infected with HIV

088 


Phases of HIVIAIDS 

Window Phase 

-occurs from the moment of infection 

"'genera/ly lasts three months or less 

-bcdy is producing antibodies to fight HIV 

-person MAYor MAY NOT experience flu like symptoms for 

one to two weeks after 

infection 

. "'at this time, testing can show up negative because there may 

not be enough antibodies 

in the blood 

Latency Phase 

-the immune system is being active/y damaged 

",CD4 cells begin to be destroyed 

"'the person may be asymptomati c for up to 10 years 

QRportunfstic Diseases . 

*Are very rare, except for 

Examples: 

-Pneumccvstic 

-Kcposi's sarcoma 

people who have lowered immunity 

Carinii Pneumonia 

"'Invasive cervical cancer 

"'AIDS dementia or other neurological disorders 

Transmission of HIV 

1. Through bodily fluid exchange during sexual contact 

-vcqinnl secretions 

-semen 

+blood

089 


"'most common wayHIV is spread 

'" the virus can enter the body through tiny cuts or sores in 

the skin, lining of the vagina, penis, rectum, anus, or mouth 

-nncl intercourse-tissue is very thin, and damaged easi ly 

2. Sharing needles or syringes end/ or other drug equipment 

'" often seen in drug users 

-second most common way HIV is transmitted 

-medicol workers caring for people with HIV/AIDS 

can get it through "needle stick" injuries 

3. Some people have been infected through blood transfusions 

"'Since 1985, donated blood is tested 

"'Very ra~e 

3. Vertical Transmission- transmitted from mother to fetus 

during pre9nancy or delivery 

"115-301'0 chance infant will get it 

-If on medications such as AZT, chance drops to 51'0 

-brecstfeedinq also can transmit the virus 

4. Closed mouth kissing ("French" Kissing) 

",VERY small chance 

"'however possible blood contact 

does exist

090 


Ways HIV CANNOT be spread: 

. * from sweat, spit, tears, vomit, or urine 

*sharing a meal 

*insect bites or stings-virus does not survive in insects 

*donating blood 

* closed mouth kiss 

*toilet seats 

*through air, water, food, breath 

NOTE: the virus .does not survive well out of the body!!! 

Common Symptoms of HIV infection 

-tiredness/fatique -swollen lymph glands 

-fever 

-unexplained weight loss 

-night sweats 

-loss of appetite: 

-diarrhea 

-yeast infections 

-pneumonia 

- cancer 

-whireblemishes around the mou.th 

***NOTE: many times people infected have no symptoms at all, or 

the following symptoms may not show up for up to 10 years after 

being infected*** 

' 

Testing for HIV 

NOTE: testing should be done approximately12 weeks after high 

risk behavior because it can take up to 6 months for the body to 

produce HIV antibodies 

*ELISA - Enzyme- Linked ImmunoSorbent 

-rnost commonly used test 

+developed in 1985 

Assay

091 


*Western 

""tests for presence of HIV antibodies 

-If HIV antibodies ARE present, a second ELISA test will 

be performed on that same person 

Blot test 

-rnore specific than ELISA test in detecting antibodies 

~~~~~_"'---=-:m~o=--=-r-=-e-=e~xpensive and harder to eerform than ELISA 

-will be performed after 2 positive ELISA tests 

NOTE: HIVantibody 

tests are 99.9~o accurate 

Confidential Testing 

-offered by many health dept's, doctor's, health clinics 

-per-soncl information is given to Dr.,I counselor 

-results are entered into the person's medical records 

-people are then counseled 

Anonymous 

Testing 

-pr-ovided free by NYS Health Department 

"'given a code #, so when you return to get resuIts, it is 

anonymous 

-r-esults are not recorded in your medical records 

'" can change it to conf dentiai

092 


Treatment 

*focuses on slowing progression of the virus by taking drugs and 

practicing healthy habits (diet, exercise, stress management, 

abstaining from drug/alcohol use, etc) 

1. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI's) 

* zidovudine (AZT) .*ddl 

*ddc 

*d4t 

*3TC 

*Combivor (AZT+3TC) 

*abacavir (Ziagen) 

2. Protease inhibitors (PI's) 

*Invirase & Fortovase 

*Crixivan 

*Norvir 

*Viracept 

'; 

3. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI's) 

-.*Viramune 

*Rescriptor 

*Sustiva 

4. PREFERRED Treatment: HAART-Highly active anfiretroviral 

therapy 

*triple drug combination 

*may have 1 PI and 2 NRTIs; 2NRTIs plus Sustiva

093 


Preventing 

the spread of HIV 

* Avoid Risky Behaviors such as... 

1. Engaging in unprotected sexual. intercourse and other sexual acts 

2. Sharing any types of needles or syringes. *This includes body 

piercing or tattoo tools!!! 

~Al5Sfinence-l5ofn sexual andc:lrug-related 

* Mutual Monogamy-two uninfected individuals have relations with 

each other only 

*E.æ.per CondomUse- to avoid exchange of bodily fluids 

*Limif 

number of sexual partners 

*Protect 

open cuts and sores from other people's blood 

*Make HEALTHY decisions when dealing with life decisions

094 


Name: 

---------------------------- 

GETTING 

MORE INFORMATION 

To learn more about risk factors, testing and treatment options, contact the CDC National 

.STD and AIDS Hotline at 1-800-342-AIDS. Service for Spanish-speaking audiences and the 

deaf are also available. You can also check out thesewebsites: . 

www.aids.org 

This nonprofit organization provides fast, easy access to mv and AIDS information. 

.www.cdc.gov 

The Centers for Disease Control website provides the most up-ta-date information on 

testing, treatment options, and many other mv -related topics. 

- 

www.aegis.com 

The AIDS Education Global Information System (AEGIS) is a vast web-based 

reference tool fat mY/AIDS-related information. 

www.adolescentaids.org 

This helpful site provides youth-friendly information and advice on mv prevention 

and testing. 

www.unaids.org 

The Joint United Nations Program on RN/AIDS 

about the AIDS. epidemic. 

offers worldwide news information 

HUMAN RELATIONS MEDIA m AIDS UPDATE: THE LATEST FACTS

095 


Name: ---------------------------- 

STAGES OF HIV INFECTION 

~x.póùú¿ -Iv_ > 

HI V (¡/¡tel-ed» 

Most people who are infected with mv go through the following stages: 

Flu-like illness (acute retroviral syndrome)- This usually happens 

3 to 6 weeks after exposure to HfV but can also happen just a few 

days after exposure. 

mv infection without symptoms (asymptomatic)-Many people 

~~~~~~~~~~~f~~:Z:~~:~:~~;l:~~~':¡E:;l~:~~~ 

¡'vO;;!J me_1om~-""S",--~ 

-t- ßeroconveYsi00 

+~eie(n.5 

li: Fet; l i Y\.~ ,1fV\MLU1í J~ 

=.J ." I 

.~ Ful 1- ß(ùwn 

AlbS 

)- 

~ 

replicates so quickly that more viruses are produced than the 

immune system can destroy. After years of fighting the mv 

infection, the immune system starts to weaken. 

mv infection with symptoms (symptomatic)-This 

stageof Hl'V 

infection is characterized by persistent swollen lymph glands, 

night sweats, profound fatigue, unexplained weight loss, paranoia, 

and/or oral thrush (a fungal infection). These are all signs of early. 

failure of the immune system. This usually occurs after the T4 

cell count falls below 500, which-among US cases-may not 

occur until a person has been infected for ~ight to 12 years. 

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-AIDS is the last' 

stage of infection with HIV. The immune system is so weak that it 

can no longer control many pathogens. These pathogens cause 

opportunistic diseases such as PCP (a type of pneumonia) and 

Kaposi's sarcoma, a cancer that causes brown 'or purple splotches on 

the skin.. Without treatment, mv infection progresses' to AIDS in 

most people 12 to 13 years after they first become infected. With 

treatment, the progression to AIDS may be delayed or prevented. 

AIDS is diagnosed when a person: 

)- has a CD4+ cell count below 200 cells per microliter (ul.) of 

blood. 

)- develops an opportunistic infection or "AIDS indicator" disease such 

as Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) or Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). 

Without treatment, a person with AIDS often dies within 18 to 24 months. Young children 

usually die sooner. New treatments are improving the outlook for many people, but there is 

still no cure for AIDS. Early diagnosis of mv infection will help you get the treatment and 

support you need and improve your chances of staying healthy longer. 

HUMAN RELATIONS MEDIA IB 

AIDS UPDATE: THE LATEST FACTS

096 


Nmne: 

_ 

~ 

Below are 25 ways that you can make a difference in the battle against AIDS. Someday, 

hopefully, this disease will be cured. Act now to give yourself a chance to look back 

someday and say, "This 'is how Ihelped beat the epidemic that carried away so many lives." 

. . .' '. . 

1. Educate yourself on how HIV is transmitted. ;;:rTIisis the bes.t way to' defeat HIV-phobia 

.and dispel myths about how the virus istran.sm:n:ted; . . . 

2. Make safe choices about your sexual behavi'orand:safechoices about drug a~d alcohol 

use. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

Il. 

12. 

is. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

Teach others what you know about HIV prevention. 

If you have had a history of unprotected intercourse or have shared drug needles, get 

tested for HIV today. 

U se a latex condom correctly every time you have sex. 

If you use drugs or excessive alcohol, get into a treatment program. 

Avoid getting high on drugs or alcohol. You can't make wise sexual decisions under 

the influence. 

Talle to your family and friends so that they may avoid behaviors that may put them at 

risk of mv infection. 

Share the facts about HIVand AIDS with others around you. 

. . 

Cail the National AIDS Hotline for answers to any HIV -related questions. 

(English: 1-800-342-2437 or Spanish: 1-800-344-7432) . 

Discuss a news story about AIDS with a friend or family member. 

Discuss RIVand AIDS openly with your boyfriend or girlfriend. 

Correct misinformation about mv and AIDS when you hear it. 

Attend community-based mv prevention/education lectures. 

Volunteer at a local AIDS service organization. 

Invite someone with HIV or AIDS to speak at your school. 

Show an HIV -related videotape at a community function or fundraiser . 

Ask your school to put up an educational 

display about HIV prevention. 

Encourage local stores and offices to display HIV -related posters or brochures. 

Organize prevention and education activities for World AIDS Day (December 1). 

Encourage your classmates to educate their families about HIV infection. 

Ask your place of worship to be a place for HIV prevention/education 'discussions. 

Urge your religious leaders to promote compassion and support for people with AIDS. 

Challenge misinformation 

in the media by writing a letter to the editor. 

Ask that local talk shows on television and radio address HIV -related issues. 

Source: 

ww·w.AIDS-Înfo.com. 

. HUMAN RELATIONS MEDIA 

liB AIDS UPDATE: THE LATEST FACTS

097 


Name: 

------------------------------- 

I__ 

ACTIVITY3A 

Y_O_U_R_P_E_R_C---,E_IV_E_D_R_I_S_K_I 

It's not how old you are, how much money you have, your race or even your sexual 

orientation that determines your risk of contracting HIV. Your risk level is based upon 

your actions-what you do. Only a person's behavior can put him or her at risk (unless 

that person is an infant contracting the disease from its mother). 

To learn more about the risk of HIV, rank each of the behaviors below according to the risk 

of'HfV they carry. Use this chart to rank each behavior: 

___________ ---'-N-"-----_ahsüLutely_no_rislcofHIY_infection. ~ 

S - a very slight risk (less than 5 percent) of HIV infection 

l - a legitimate risk of HlV infection 

il - a very high risk of HIV infection 

How would you rank each of the following behaviors? 

-- sharing needles 

-- 

-- 

sex without a latex condom 

sex with a latex condom 

-- 

abstinence 

-- receiving a blood transfusion before 1985 

-- receiving a blood transfusion after 1985 

-- donating blood 

-- 

sharing a glass or a sandwich 

-- kissing on the cheek 

-- kissing on the lips 

-- using a public toilet seat 

open-mouth or "French" kissing 

-- 

-- mutual masturbation without latex gloves 

-- sharing a hot tub 

-- oral sex with a dental dam or latex square 

-- unprotected oral sex 

-- shooting drugs with a sterile needle 

-- mosquito bite 

-- shaking hands or hugging someone who has HIV 

When you are done, please consult the Answer Key on the next page. 

HUMAN RELATIONS MEDIA 

lID AIDS UPDATE: THE LATEST FACTS 

'-------_ 

...•.._-------------------------------------------'

098 


Nrune: 

_ 

FACT5HEETB 

I~ RAP!:) HIV ïESTS I' 

There are currently three rapid HIV tests licensedfor use in the United States: 

'r OraQuick Rapid HrV~l Antibody Test, manufactured by OraSure Technologies, Inc, 

'r Reveal HIV-1 Antibody Test, manufactured by MedMira, Inc. 

r Single Use Diagnostic System for HIV -1 (SUDSTM), manufactured by Abbott-Murex 

What are the benefits of a rapid HIV test? 

In 2000, about 30 percent of people tested through public testing programs who 

tested HIV -positive and 39 percent of people who tested HIV -negative did not 

return to receive their test results, With rapid ffiV testing, results are available in 

as little as 20 minutes. Also, unlike other tests. a rapid test can be stored at room 

temperature and requires no special equipment. 

How does the test work? 

The OraQuick Rapid HIV-l Antibody Test detects antibodies to HIV-l, the virus 

that causes AIDS, in the blood of an HlV-infected individual. Less than a drop of 

blood is needed ror the test. 

How accurate is the test? 

According to the manufacturer, the test is able to correctly identify at least 99.6 

percent of specimens from HIV -infected persons, and 100 percent of specimens 

from uninfected individuals are negative. 

When should someone be tested? 

It takes about one to three months for detectable antibodies to appear in the blood 

after HIV infection, However, someone who might be infected should be tested 

as soon as possible, and then re-tested later. 


are negative? 

Because HIV antibodies take time to develop, people with a possible exposure 

(sexual contact or needle sharing) within the last three months sbould be re-tested. 

Stan at the testing site will be able to recommend a rimeframe ror the second test. 


are positive? 

Follow-up blood testing using another test is necessary to confirm that HIV 

antibodies are present. 

¡HUMAN RELATIONS MEDIA læ! 

AlOS UPDATE: THE LATEST FACTS \

099 


Name: 

__ 

TYPES OF HIV TEST S 

There are several types of mv tests available, It's important to understand how each type 

of test works-and also helpful to recognize the difference between confidential and 

anonymous testing. 

Enzyme immune 

Assay (EIA) 

The most commonly used mv screening test is an enzyme immune assay (ElA). 

II identifies antibodies in the blood that are produced by the boày to fight Hfv . If 

an ElA test shows a reaction, the test is repeated on the same blood sample. 

Those test results are then "confirmed' using a second test--usually the Western 

Blot test, 

Western Biot 

This test is more specific and can tell 

the difference between mv 

antibodies and other antibodies that 

might also react to the EIA and cause 

false-positive results. A person is 

considered infected with HIV 

following a repeatedly reactive result 

from the ElA, confirmed by the 

Western Blot test. 

Rapid HIV Tests 

A rapid HIV test usually produces 

results in less than two hours. There 

are currently three rapid HIV tests 

licensed for use in the United States: 

Confidential testing-With 

this rype of testing, your name is 

linked to your test results and the 

results may become pan of yOUT 

medical records. However, the. 

information can only be released 

with your written permission. 

Anonymous testing-This type 

of testing does not link your name 

to your test results, It uses a code 

number or file number to identify 

you. Your name remains unknown 

to anyone in the laboratory. 

» OraQuick Rapid IDV-l Antibody Test, manufactured by OraSure 

Technologies, Inc. 

? Reveal HIV-l Antibody Test, manufactured by MedMira, Inc. 

? Single U se Diagnostic System for HIV -l (SUDSTM), 

manufactured by Abbott-Murex 

The availability of these tests may differ from one place to another. These. tests are 

considered to be just as accurate as the standard blood test. As is true for all 

screening tests, a positive test result must be confirmed with an additional specific 

test before a diagnosis of HIV infection can be given. 

For more information 

on rapid HIV tests, please see Fact Sheet 8, Rapid Hfl 1 Tests. 

This jaet sheet is continued on the next page. 

HUMAN RELATIONS MEDIA Bil 

AIDS UPDATE: THE LATEST FACT2, \

100 


-------------- 

~----I---- - 

1. SEXUAL ACTIVITY 2. INTRAVENOUSDRUG USE 

INVOLVING EXCHANGE OF HIV INFECTED BLOOD, SEMEN, OR VAGINAL FLUIDS WITH CONTAMINATED NEEDLES OR SYRINGES 

THROUGH THE VAGINA :! :; ~~~~r ¡flVm~~;ta;:;¡~at~f~e~ill:!'~~~~~ 

~---r..,...-;~;:---'...---¡¡-r---';ø""-..".-r"'---' During sexual intercourse with an inïected person, microscopic tearing .: ii drug use. When an infected drug User inserta 

and bleeding occurs in the lining o{ the vagina, allowing the incredibly small the needle into a vein, it picks up a large 

'1\> • Uteru. virus living in semen easy entry into the bloodstream. The' lining of the number. ol HlY particles living in the blood; 

~ f vagina is truck and durable having multiple cell layers, but can be penetrated :i when he or she passes the needle to another 

• • • • Artery by HlY due to cuts, sores, and during menstruation. Transmission of HIV HlV ".; ENa:GED ;i user not only is the drug injected, but also 

t:::;::~1/& ~ 

can occur through infected semen, blood, or vaginal fluids. •••. VIEw.:'. a deadly dose o{ the AIDS virus as well. 

: ..... ::....' '. .p .~ ss 

t~ . '.' . ÍI • ~" .... ,p • '. Whit' "". :v.'. 

,ß 1!l~!JI • 'r : ::,. ø • e ~ o yr; ~ o I.:':':'" '. ~~f¡: I I: .. 

J -c: t V,ln :.::.\ : O~ 

• .' ••••• t?, t1 "O o 

...... : ••• ,.:.:. vO O~Oi'O •• :OOG G 

.' : • : " • '.' .' " '. • '. O.'·. ~ Olll o • O. 

• • ~ l •• : :. • .., • 

'. '. 

THE RECTUM 

: '. : :~.: ' .::.::,.~':::. 

-"-------,---,,.rnm __ --.., Sexual activity involviIig the rectum is the most common cause o{ HIV 

trao,mi.sion due to a single layer o{ceUs lining the rectum that tearB easily. 

The rectum is not desigoed {or sexual activity and will tear this {ragile 

lining, causing bleeding, therefore allowing infected fluids easy entrance 

into the bloodstream, Hemorrhoids commoniy found in the rectum (shown 

Vein 

protruding into the entry) are lhin veins that rupture easily, especially 

during sexual activity, again allowing HIVaccess into blood vessels. 

Transmission occurs most often from infected semen entering open or torn 

blood vessels of the rectum. 

~ 

~-~. 

INFECTED 

BLOOD 

INFECTED SEMEN 

'.':. ,":.:' : :'ô ,'I' to " "o I° """ O tt ::0" 

'., '\. • '~e e • 

..... :'. '. e.... p/.\::: 

:~' :.:..... e:.::::.:. , 

/'::;~~~l~', 

'~V;ln ~.~.~ ::i:: 

~;~ 

':~.~~::.:t:;: ....,::... :...~:~tnl~:ßII~~ t 

.:~:.1.~.:." II ,,- I.',',.",. ~ O O 

.... ~ ø '~"" Art~~1 

•.::.:" •.: : I"' 

.:.~: ,.'..;, '\', 

~ d .' 

..:.::' 

t¡ ~ 

• ••.• "t : ~. t,'" tt. Ill'Ie\O\II'~'-I 

~ •• ::. :' .:.::' ";. < Lln;:!t~~~, '::'.:, ' 

o" o" 't ,. '," "I ~ ~ • • .... d ., '" 

.' t :' • "ENLARGED VIEW OF THE RECTAL WALL , 

.'. A ølngle layerolceUsllninR' the rectUm IIIøhown being tom&eVercly, 

• t • blood ves6ela cut, and HIV entennR or exltlnJt the bloodstream. 

o" • • o 

3. BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS 

OR BLOOD PRODUCTS INFECTED WITH HIV 

The virus may also be traosmltted through transfused blood or blood products, 

but thi. is very rare. People receiving blood between 1978 and 1985 are at greater 

risk. After 1985, all blood donations have been screened with the AIDS antibody 

test. 

Infected 

blood 

;t/J'i!~~;);i 

Bruce AIE/ra'sHEALTII AND DRUG EDUCATION SERIES 3125 19th Street' Suite 305 • Bakersfield. CA 93301 • (1·800·336·1322) (!)'J'ileAlRTIlCorporation 1992 

. . . ,. 

~~ __~H~V__~ __~R~cd~b~I~OO~d~c~cll_ 

•• • •• • • ç • 

• •••••• •• 

.....:. .......:..:... 

. e·.· · . 

•• e•••••• ' •• .:. 

. '.' .. . . 

• •• ., e •••• 

ENLARGED VIEW OF INFECTED BLOOD 

Unøcreened HIV living Rnd ßontlng freel)' In 

blood piRArna. 

IIIV 

~~§$V:~:,::;::·',: 

HIV infected blood being trnnsfused Into the 

recipient'. Dno and bloodstream. 

4. MOTHER TO BABY 

BEFORE, DURING, OR AFTER BIRTH 

Trurty to fifty percent o{ ilÚants born to HIY·ilÚected mothers are ilÚected with 

the VU'US. The virus can be transmitted to the ilÚant before birth through the 

mother's circulation to the fetus; during labor and delivery, or after birth through 

infected breast m1lk. 

IllV from the mother travel through lhe umbilical cord lo the 

fetus (lUVare enlarged for ellsler viewing). 

"II 

.:-~i-- 

Umbllicn) 

coni

U 

-"------- > 

101 


:.::.".:.:---:-·';':.:-:·:-:';':::-:·:"':'O:--~"'-6Y-;~~i¡;;:."-:.".:."-:-:-,--::-:.:.:::-,,..,:.::.::-~:-:.,,.:- 

II.T. V. 

I 

..,--:-.: :-:.-..w-,--wc'--··-·6···;~~-~;;;-~í;-iô-+~-y~;;· __ ..,_-,.c-_c •••_~-.,-.-.·.-.-.-.·.·.-_-.·.·_·_·.·_-·c-~.-•• ---'- .-.-.-,.-.----, •• -.-, ••••• -••.• - - ••••• -.- - -up t~·lö--yë;iß-~r·ïii(;ië········--····················'." . - 

I Seroconyersion I. Asymptomatic I .SYI!Iptomalic. I 

I

102 


.....) 

11l Section 7 

149. SEXUALLYTRANSMI1TED 

INFECTIONS FACT CHART 

Disease 

Vaginitis 

Pathogen I Where I Row 

pediculosis 

pubis 

pubic hair 

sex 

bedding 

, tallets . 

clothing 

Symptoms 

chlamydia _ vagina usuaHy pain, discharge, 

gardnereIla penis sex but . Irritation, 

herpes ti ed 

candidiasis anus some mes r ness, 

herpes throat without Itching, odor, or 

___ ?,~~ I I~richomonH_' I~s~e~x I~a~s~y~m~p~t~o~m=a=ti~C~I ~ 

.,':.. '.' ,.. mycoPlaama l - 

(agents) 

Pubic Lice 

I ! 

I ! 

I 

Itching, rash, 

pinhead-sized 

blood spots on 

underwear 

Trichomoniasis protozoan vagina common odorous, yellow 

parasite after discharge, 

menstrua- Itching, burning 

tian, sex whll~ urinating, 

urethra and 

bladder Infections 

Scabies parasitic skin sex, but Itching In the 

mite that contact sometimes genital area 

burrows 

no sex 

under the 

skin 

.- 

Gonorrhea nelsseria penis direct burning discharge 

gonorrhea vagina mucous tram pents, most 

...,uw.,... hft ....+ft ..h, __ anus marnbrane women have no 

throat contact symptomß, can 

during sex caus. aterlllty, 

arthritis. 

I 

co 

~ 

oo. 

~ 

'"~ 

.- 

(j 

"' œ 

C.l 

oc' 

e¡; 

¡:;:; 

"O a> 

ë. 

¿ ... 

.3 ... 

~ 

Q) : 

1;) 

.c t- 

'" 

:>, 

,.Q 

cr> 

o; 

cr; 

... 

'" 

Genital Warts human genltàls sex warts on 

papillome anus genitals and 

virus 

anus 

'----------------_.

103 


5 

'I, 

SEXUALLY TRANSMITIED INFECTIONS, HIV, AND AIDS 

133 

I 

'I' 

- 

Hepatitis 

Non-Gonococcal 

Urethritis 

(NGU) 

hepatttis A 

virus 

------------ 

hepatitis 

virus 

B 

chlamydia 

ureapíaeme 

mycoplasma 

tri 

IIoCOQ 

(agents) 

mouth 

-------,..-- 

penla 

v.gl~'111 

anus" 

mouth 

akin breaks 

blood 

penis 

vagina 

anus 

throat 

anal..aral 

sex, contaminated 

water 

saliva, sex, 

blood, 

needles, etc. 

direct 

mucous 

membrane 

contact 

during sex 

flu-Ilke 

symptoms, 

dark urine, 

abdominal 

pain, jaundice 

men-watery or 

milky discharge 

from penis 

womel1-'bumlng 

urination 

L 

;l 

, 

~; 

i' 

, 

, 

t: 

: 

\ 

o 

Ü 

'"C 

W 

._----- ,~.---..-.,' , 

t 

'" ~ 

~ 

I 

AIDS 

HIV human 

Immuno- 

deficiency 

.,vlrus 

penis, 

vagina, 

mouth, 

rectum, 

... ', .... ·blood, 

mucous 

membranes 

sex, 

sharing 

drug 

needles, 

mother to' .. 

baby, 

transfusion 

c: 

Chlamydia chlamydia penis, sex painful urination, 

- trachomatis vagina, watery discharge, 

< ... itching, burning , 

.2 bacteria anus, 

of genltais, pelvic 

~ - mouth 

pain. bl811ding 

::.; 

~ between periods 

I 

skin rashes, 

diarrhea., fever, 

weight ioss, dry 

cough, swollen 

" '11lands.'i:íáålö.nt'7.;'-'·~ '.0..,,,' .._;.;"~:"~".,.,- ., .••----:::::- 

appetite, 

opportunistic 

Intections, daath 

, 

t- 

-' Genital Herpes herpes penis, direct, painful blisters or 

_. 

vagina, 

simplex 1/ 

Intimate sores on the 

- 

,- .. anus, genitals, swolien 

virus contact 

, mouth, gtands, fever, ¡ 

f 

Itransfer to neacaenee, í 

0' : 

i 

eyes If sore .. tiredness .. \ 

I 

i 

i¡ tcüched 

Syphilis ftreponema penis, congenital, "Chancf'" which 

pallidum vagina, mucous gau away, fabacteria 

anus, membrane tigue, tever, 

seree, rash, hair 

mouth, contaetw/ 

losa,: nervous 

break In sores· durlng. 

: ' system damag&¡" 

~kln 

sex .., " insanity, death 

Source: Toner, Patricia Rizzo, Sex Education Activities. West Nyack, NY: The Center for 

.'~,' ,:.:.._:.~.plied Research in Education, 1993, 

",,' .~..-' " . ., ..... , ,...._....._~ .."....._.1 

o;. 

~, 

·f

104 


Department of Medical 

Entomology 

:',r""' .. _.....-.."" 

--._-- 

Pubic Lice 

.._- "' 

_--_ 

..----., 

• Natural History 

• Clinical· Presentation 

• Laboratory Diagnosis 

.7 

• Treatment and 

Control 

• Confirmation and 

Enquiries 

modified 

from: Service, M.W. (1980). A guide to Medical 

Entomology. Macmillan. London. 

bottom of page 

Natural History 

Pubic lice, or Pihlrue pubis, are commonly referred to as crab lice or simply 'crabs'. This 

name has come from the crab-like appearance and slower movement compared to 

other lice,such as the head louse, Pediculus capitis and the body louse, Pediculus 

humanus that can infest humans. Pubic lice are found worldwide, they are 

haematophagous (feeds on blood), and strictly host specific to humans. Typically, they 

infest the hair of the pubic and perianal regions but are occasionally found in other 

areas where the hair is sparse and coarse. This includes the hair of the beard, 

moustache, eyelashes, armpits, and sometimes the chest and abdomen. The hair on 

the scalp is usually unsuitable, because of its fine texture closeness of the shafts, but 

pubic lice are occasionally found at margins of the head on the hairline. If children are 

infested, the lice will generally be found only in the eyebrows ·or eyelashes.

105 


COATTRACEPTIVE OPTIONS CHART 

", '1'>- 

METHOD KEY A])YA~TAGEi\ l'OSSIßLEJ'ROULEi\JS EFFECTI\'£N£iiS 1 , 

Abstinence 

Btrth Control 

Pill 

Implant" 

Lnjectron 

Contra ceptive 

F'atch 

Vaginal Ring 

No phyrncal side eñcctl 

C1!Il De used anytime 

Nothing to purenase 

r.xcehent protecaøn against sexually 

transmItted mrections (STI) 

Contmuous protection against pregnancy 

Nothing to apply or insen at time o; 

inu:rcourne 

Moro reguiar, shorter periods 

Abnity to .beccme pregnam returns quickly 

when use is srop¡>ed 

Proteers against pamful, heavy, or irregu lar 

pen DOL, ovarian and endometrial cancer, 

anó infections of the fallotrian rubel, 

Continuous proteenon agarrist pregnancy 

fOi 5 yean¡ (Nørpiant) or 3 years 

(lmolanonj 

Nothing to apply or insert at time of 

mtercourse 

Continuous nrotecuon against pregnancy 

,for 3'months (Depo hovera) or i month 

(Lunelie) 

Notning to apply or msert at rime af 

mll:l'Coune 

Menstruarion stOPS for over halí af women 

wno use Depo hovera ¡some may TIOl 

consiaer mis an aàvantage) 

mVlltt. - no viS1ble sign that person is 

using thIs method 

Other phYSlOlo¡ncal aóvamages sirniil!J' to 

those of the pili 

Connnuous protecllon agamst pregnancy 

far I month 

Nothmg \O apoly ar ins en at time af 

mteTcoUTllC 

Other physiological advantages the same as 

those of the pili 

Connnuous protecnon against pregnanc)' 

for I month 

No ¡rrecIse placement necessary 

Nothing to apply or mserl RI orne oí 

in~ourse 

Other phYSlOio¡pcaJ aåvantages the same ru; 

those of the pfll 

Recurres Commitment and self control by 

both parmers -. 

Social tmlBBUre to engage in intercourse 

Mmy neople fail to use proteenon when 

abstmence ends 

Mum remember to take daÏly 

Possible siee efïeets: nausee. Oreas'. 

æncerness, weignt gam or íoss 

Rare, but Benaus health risks ïbiooö-clots, 

heart anack, anó stroke - these risks are 

hi [!her fa¡ women over 25 who smoke) 

No proteenon agamst STI 

Mmor surgical procedure 

Irregular rrænstrual bleeérng 

Possible weigrn gam or loss 

Visible - can be seen under sian 

No proteenon against STl 

Requires imecnor, 

Must remember 10 get the shot 

A vaiiabílrry of Lunelie may ile limned 

Possible sioe efïects (Depo hovern: : 

irreguil!J' penoe, weight [nur.. headache, 

Other sitie efiects anó risks ¡or D:me, 

hovers and LuneIIe Blmiil!J'to those of lhe 

pill 

Reurrn to fertility may take.severat months 

(Depo hovero) 

increased sPoton[!lbieeåing In firsImonth 

of use (Lunelk:J 

No proteooon a¡¡ainst STl 

MUSI remember to repiace patch weekiy 

and nOl wear it the week ai menstruation 

Visibie - worn on the sian 

Not available in ali skm tones 

No protection agaInst STi 

Not recormnenried for women over 198 

poundr 

MuSt reroembc::- to remove dunn!, weei: o: 

mensrruatior .. and then insen new nng for 

next :< weeks 

KflCmireshigh ievel of corniort with one's 

bod:' 

No protection against STl 

100% ifuseó conslstenii)', 

92% tc 99+% (fusee 

'cOlTCctiy ano consisrcntv 

99+% 

97% to 9C¡J..

106 


í\IFTIIOJ) I~T\' A])"A;\,TAGES I·OSSJBLF )'ROHLE1\IS EFFE( TIVEi'ŒSS 1 . 

Maie Condom 

Female Condom 

Díaphragm or 

Cervical Cap 

Sper-micides 

Withdrawal 

Fertilit)' 

Awareness 

Metaods 

No Method 

Bxeéilent proteCtion against STI 

May belp detay eJaculation 

, Male involvement,-:-_ 

- Inexpensive.; avallJi.ble over the counter- 

AVallablö over the oounter 

Alternative for people with latex aliergies 

Good protectíon agamst STI 

Can be inamed ID aévance of mtercourse 

Can remain in place. for rnulnpie acts of 

mtercourse (diaphragrr. - 24 hours; 

cervical 'cap - 48 bours) 

Availabie over the counter in a vanery of 

forms (creams, films, foams, gels, 

suppesnon es) 

Ados lubrication (creams, foams, gels) 

Nothing to purchase 

Avaílabie as a last resort 

Nothing: to purcnase 

Permitred by some religious groups thai 

prenion tne use of other methods 

May leak or break if used incorrectly 

May interfere with spontaneity 

ReqUlT'eS high level oí comfort" with one l¡ 

boo)' 

May be difficult to insert 

May become dislodged during intercourse 

May mierfere with sponmne1~' 

R.e9urres hi gh leve l of comfort" wi th one's 

bOOy 

Requires fitting by clinician 

May be difî1cult to inser; 

Luruted STI protection, but also possibility 

ofm1tstion (I:')y spermicide) that could 

iaciltuu:e ST! transmiasten 

Tirning. must insert close to each 

intercourse 

May cause allergic reaction 

Possibihty of irritation that could facilitare 

STl transmission 

Denencent on maie partner 

Recurres great control 

May affect pleasure 

No proteenon against ST. 

Recurres comrrntrnent 

No intercourse for much Di menstrual cycle 

No protection against S11 

Notrung IO purchase No proteenon agamst pregnatlcy 

No protection ¡¡,grunst S11 

85% to gg% /fused 

correctly and consistentiy 

79% to 9.5% lfused 

correctly and' consistenû- 

84% ro 91 % (can) or 94'" 

.. (diaphragm) If useô 

correctly and consistentiy 

7! % ró 8.5% if used 

correctly mJÓ' consistentiv 

Bñecnveness vanes: 

failure ra te mercases if the 

male does not predict ane 

control eJaeUi~tlOTj 

correcüv 

75% to ~% if used 

correctly and consistenuv: 

combined use of caienoar, 

basal terrmerarure an c 

cervical rnucous rnetnoor 

15% 

,; asectomy or 

Tubal Ligation 

Pennanent protection against pregMncy 

'Nothing to Irpply or Insert at time of 

interCOurse 

ReoUl!'eS surgery 

Reversal has relatively lOW success rote 

No proteCuon against STl 

Usualiy availab'I~, oniy to aide:- individual" 

9~+% 

Emergency 

Contraception 

(e.c.) 

Can be used U]J to 120 hours afwr 

unprotected intercourse 

Goodfor emergency situations 

May cause nausea and vommng, 

Not forre¡miar use 

No protecpon against S11 

Efiectiveness depends 0" 

timing- Tne BoDner e,c. \S 

tallen aher unproteNeè 

intercourse, me hI gher the 

success rare, Used withtr: 

24 houn - TeÓuces nSI: of 

pregnancy by up to 95%; 

useó \'Ilthin 72 hourt - 

reDuoes risk of pregnancy 

b~ 75% to 89% 

Note: 

li 8 method is 99% "effective," 99 women in 100 having sexual intercourse regulariy íor one yea:- are expected not to become. 

pregnant. If a method IS 15% "efÍeetlVe," l S women out of I 00 would be expecred not to become pregnant. (Lower percentage, 

indicate "typicai user" rates; higher percentages indicate "periee! user" rates,) 

Sources: Hatcher, R, et al, A Pockei Guide IO Managinf Conm:v:eption, 2002-2003, 2002 

Hatcher, R, et al, Conrraceprive Technoiogy, } 7'0 Ediiior., 1995 

Pianned Parenthood Federation of Amenea, You: Comraceptive Choices, 2002 

To be used \I,rith Positive images: Teaching Abstinence, Conrraception, and Sexual Health, Tnird Edition, Bricí: 

and Taverne:, Planned Parenthood of Grearer Northern New Jersey, 200 l, revised 2003,

.. 0'- ','~ 

107 


~. 

1lé 

145. HEV' PIA.GNOSTIC TESTS 

Section 7 

V4 

, 

~ 

'(' 

When a pathogen enters the body, the immune system produces antibodies to fight and 

destroy the pathogen. Although the immune system does produce antíbocies to fight HIV, 

these antibodies are not effective in preventing HIV infection. Finding these an tibodies in the 

blood indicate that a person is infected with HTV. The following tests are used to detect the 

presence of HIV antibodies in the bloodstream: 

",...,.......".... ", ..,., ....".....,., .... 

'. 'l')· . ';:"i;T•. \ \~."; 

TVPE 

OF TeSt:T 

ELÏS)': ·(Enzyme:úrik~àlriGh1.in'¿;sorbènt1\ssây)'·· ,...'''~.'.;:'':·-'''-'''"''·F. ,'~~"'.".'." ..' 

One ELISA is given. If the person tests positive, two moré tests are done, H, after 

three tests, two or three are positive, then the Western Blot test is done to confirm 

the results. 

TEST 

Western Blot Test 

This is a more expensive test but is very specific in identifying HIV antibodies. 

RESULTS 

Positive 

Result 

The person has HIV antibodies in his or her bloodstream. 

Negative Result 

There are no HIV antibodies in the sample of blood. This does not mean that the 

person is uninfected because it may take the body from two weeks to six months or 

longer to develop HIV antibodies. It is best to be retested in six months. 

'- 

" c: ; 

:o 

& 

.- 

! 

L> 

~0;: , 

c.;. 

,"' 

c 

c; 

o- 

, 

< 

~ 

-::. 

~. ( 

~; 

O.:' 

t..> 

( 

'" 

.~ 

( 

The following are tests that are done after a person is known to have HIV: 

c. 

Ci; 

C:~ 

( 

T'YPE 

OF TEST 

Complete 

Blood Count 

A standard test that measures and analyzes the different types of cells that 

make up the blood including: 

-r 

'" 

.'. 

...,í-MhiteBiooâ Cells (WBC)· 

Mea:5ures the number of white blood cens in a cubic millimeter of blood (about 

one teaspoon). The normal count ranges from 4,000 to 11,000 per cubic millimeter 

in an average healthy adult. 

Red Blood Cells (RBe) 

Measures the number of red blood cells in a cubic millimeter of blood, Normal 

ranges for men are from 4.5-6.1, and for women are 4.0-5.3. 

Platelets 

These are a part of the blood that is necessary for clotting. Normal count is 

between 150,000 and 440,000,

" 

108 


~ 

li, 

.;: 

f 

ï 

¡ 

1~O Section 7' 

148. MEDICAL TFtEATMENTS .FOR PEO'pLe: 

WET'H HIV D~ISEASE 

Research has yet to provide one or more definitive treatments for HIV disease. Here are several 

useful types of intervention that can be taken against HIV, but no one strategy, alone, is sufficient: 

ié 

~ 

!li 

'; 

, 

l 

G e.....ERAL. H EAt.TH MAINT~I.ENE:N('E 

"_,,,~~_,:,,~ 

.__~::,.,.,._.:~~.:,.rf°p.~r.·pu:.!..~t~~()~"':~'.' 

·:f·-.";·'::;~::"':;~-·":;·"·"."~·::"!/'"'·'';.''.':'''-:''''''''··''';"';,;,I';':··,è:"!~~"'''·'::·.-,~:",::;~ 

11-- Adequate rest 

... Avoidance of alcohol, tobacco, other drugs, and unnecessary stress 

... Exercise and fresh air 

,.2 :.':"~,,,::::,;,. 

t "::':~'.:.',:.::;: ~.:" ,,-, . :::, ';"". ,.",.~:~..-': ..,.".•",~_ 

..- ............ 

SUPPORTIVE 

THERAPIES 

c: 

~ 

,... Stress reduction 

,.. Massage 

''''' Visualization 

,- Yoga and relaxation techniques 

'I" Psychological support 

"'" Spiritual 

support 

ÀNTIRETRCtVIRAL 

TREATMENTS 

They include: 

Reverse Transcriptase Irmibttors 

These drugs work by inhibiting' an enzyme-reverse transcriptase-which the V:ŒUS 

needs to take over a cell's genetic machinery. 

-¿;, 

cc 

", 

tr. 

c' 

c.: 

è{. 

¿" 

£: 

c 

_O-;' 

~, 

w 

~ 

..t' 

~~j- 

: -: - • l": 

...·Øl' 

:T' ,I. I 

C':' 

c; 

C~:- 

~, 

Nucleoside 

Analogs 

Examples: 

ddl(didanosine, Videx®) 

d4T (stavudine, Zerit®) 

·/'AZT(ålsoêa'l¡:ëd·:itaö

' __ U_a. 

109 


THREE: Be up-front with the people you date. Make sure he or she respects your decision. When you 

plan dates, avoid being alone--or, says Melson, "be alone in public places." Use some imagination to 

plan a fun social life with your date and friends. 

POUR: Make plans, set goals, and keep your life "lively." Put your thoughts and energy-into something 

you enjoy. Think about where you want to be five or lO years from now, and work on ways to get what 

you want: a scholarship, a Navy training program, a surruner internship, etc. And get involved now in 

the life of your school and community: You could sing in the school musical, volunteer to paint houses 

of senior citizens, work at a food bank, or sign up for "hm runs" with a group of friends. The more you 

have going for you now and in your future, the less likely you are to be attracted by the idea of a sexual 

relationship that could throw you off track! 

____ 

--'P'---"I'--lVE'-"=L!:-'G"'-!i'-'-v"'-e 

J!:ourfriends)DLan..-adulqLC>-U_ttusr)_permissioll-to_hold_you_accolliltable--to-ask-you-about.-----_+_ 

your physical relationship with the girls/guys you date. You and they might be able to see trouble 

coming-before you find yourself in a difficult or risky spot. 

What's the Rush? 

Wondering whether you've found Mr./Ms. Right? "The best test of a relationship," say counselors Sol 

and Judith Gordon, "is to see what happens when you hold off having sexual intercourse. Of the 10 

most important things in a relationship, sex is number nine. Number one is love and caring." 

"~_~. Ouestions __ -- __ from -~-_ Ule .. __ .~ article: 

._.n.__ 

1) What are the two different ways people look at the word 'responsible'? 

-----'----------_._----~----~-------~----_._------- 

2) What an,~sölU·ce;(;rpre~5sillë-thate~;:ëö-uragea 

yOIDlgperson to be s~xually active? 

3) What are sö~;ëës"th;.te-~coillage~ young pers¿-iî-to be""sexuaiÏyabstinent? 

----_._ .._-. ..--- 

4) What are-the strongest reaso:u.s·'Jor ä yooogpers;n 'to lnak~ th~ deClsion to reman:;:- 

abstinent? 

_._-. -----------"-,--·-_~_. __ • ,__ ~u •• ~. • __ , 

5) what are-so~~e..~rth¡ risks ;fearly sext~äTk;oï~~~ne;;t?--- .. 

------n---· ~~ __~._,.·. __~.~_ .. . H 

_ 

6) iTa pers~¿~ants to be ab;tt;;ent·~tIr~a"ITiage,-ho~ cai.J.-;;laction plan help? 

--,-- ._--_._--- 

---------,._ 

..__._-_._-~--~------~._-_ ..~_._.__.

110 


What are the ke :f.i tOJ a successful relationship mn any of these levels, 

but especlallv in U~(~dating and golng out levels? 

.- Trust 

.- Communication 

- Respect 

- Honesty 

- Mutual interests 

When it comes to ,i.n"ü1ea1thvtypes of relationships, 

danger signs: 

what are some 

- Emphasis fm physical 

- Disagree and fight often 

- Worry about whether you are pregnant 

- Have fewer and fewer other friends 

- Parents disapprove of him or her 

- Your values are challenged or disregarded 

- Vou feel tranped 

When it comes to healthy types of relationships, what are some of the 

positive signs: 

.... The other person challe-iges you and makes you él better person 

- Other people comment on how VOU are ;] 'good couple' 

- You think ('\f the needs of the other person often before your own 

- You don't have anv guilt or have to sneak around to see them 

- You can take a break from seeing each other and not worry they 

are going to see someone else

111 

CeVlAbs I 

Last extra credit for Health 1 I Macf'adden 


If you would like to earn some extra credit to help your grade, here 

is a final opportunity. Choose one of the following topics and do a 

mini-research project on it. This should be a paper, in outline form, 

of about 2

112 


11/22/2010 

What is 'sex'? What is 'sexuality'? 

~~~~~~~~-I-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-I---- 

SEXUALITY BRAINSTORM 

- ,,"''V ;'."" 

'" /01:1:1\ /

113 


~""......-~ 

11/22/2010 

Conclusion ... 

__ ~\lJ'¡¡¡.¡~ 'm¡, '_ • 

.:. Sexuality is not just having sex. 

.:. It Isa part of who we are as human beings . 

.:. It can be a positive part of your life, as In love, 

Intimacy,caring or a negative part (STD's,unwanted 

pregnancy, rape, broken heart.) 

---------------I------------------~'~··~'---------------------I-------------------------------------------------------------------,-- 

.:. Thisunit will teach yo&\li8re about yourselves, your 

sexuality, relctlonshlps, and the positive and negative 

aspects of what It means to have healthy sexuality. 

....., 

2

114 


11/30/2010 

- • : - • • - • - -. 

, • 

- . - - • • . • -. - 

.. - - - . • . - - . • - • - 

- - - •• . & 

. 

- - - - .- - 

1

115 


~.\~ç¡ 

~ 

12/7/2010 

a, How long can a woman get pregnant (years)? 

2. Is getting pregnant just a matter of luck, like 

picking numbers? 

3.. True or False .... lt's easier to prevent 

pregnancy than HIV infection. 

--- -4~l=low-many-t@@n-b@GQm@-pr@gnant-in-the,---I-------~- 

United States every year? 

ill: less education 

less employment 

less enjoyment in life 

Universally, much ofthe teen pregnancy problem 

is fed by the media, advertising and 

entertainment industry messages that depict 

sex almost as a sport or leisure-time activity. 

Don't tell the hardships and negative 

consequences of sex. Is this changing? 

• You have the right to decide what happens to your 

body. " 

• The decision to have sex (or not) is one of the biggest 

choices of your life. 

• Talking about things like post-paning, protection, and 

getting can be awkward. But, avoiding a little 

embarrassment is not worth risking your life. 

• You need to decide ahead of time what your 

boundaries are, and how you will bring up the subject 

of safer intimacy. 

• Real freedom requires responsibility. 

• We have responsibility to other. 

• We have responsibility to society. 

The most Important components of a relationship are love, 

respect, caring having a sense of humor, and honest 

communication without violating private thoughts and 

experiences. 

Violence, being tired most of the time, having love seem more like 

a burden than a joy, having thoughts like "maybe things will get 

better," and having a partner who frequently makes promises 

that aren't kept are sign of immature love. 

.. Decide your limits before ... 

.. Resist counter-persuasion . 

.. You do not need to apologize for refusing or 

stopping a sexual behavior- EVER! 

.. Avoid mixing Sex and Alcohol or other drugs. 

.. Use latex and chemical barriers 100% of the 

time. 

.. Accept non-penetrating forms of sexual 

intimacy. 

1

116 


12/7/2010 

u--------------------------------~- 

2

117 


12/2/2010 

I----------------~- 

't·J:t··.,c;.L~cDD3~¡C.;-~f¡l 

1

118 


12/2/2010 

1--------- 

2

119 


12/2/2010 

'".;

120 


12/2/2010 

,------~- 

4

121 


12/2/2010 

._-----~,- 

5

122 


12/2/2010 

6

123 


12/2/2010 

------- 

7

124 


12/2/2010 

8

125 


12/2/2010 

I----------+!- 

9

126 


12/2/2010 

-----------¡,- 

10

127 


12/2/2010 

11

128 


12/2/2010 

!------- 

12

129 


3/24/2011 

~--------------~--------------- 

Everyone seems to be talking 

about "sexting" 

--------1--------------- 

--I--------------~- 

1..======= __. _. ._. __. 

_ 

D 

-------------,--------------------~ 

r--------,-"--~.~--- . 

Sexting 

.._ 

r------------ 

National Campaign to Prevent 

Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy 

• is the act of sharing nude or semi-nude 

photos end/or sexually ex¡:Jiät messages 

(threatemi7[J ')1" se.YIJaíi/ he ':,i!,~5',j¡f¿.~via cell 

phone or computer 

'-----------'"---_._---------~-- 

• In January of 2009, a survey teenagers reported 

1 in 5 llave sent explicit photos of themselves. 

• More than half of them were ages 13 -19. 

• 44% of both teen girls and boys say it is 

common for sexually suggestive text messages 

to get shared with people. 

• 36% of teen girls and 39% of teen boys say it is 

common for nude or semi-nude photos to get 

shared with people other than the intended 

recipient. 

------- ... "'n"'~ .... ·_·~ ... ""·"·""' •• ,.... ,'''' ...... ,.'"'"u,,..,,, ."''''''".~." ... ,,,..,, __ ''.... _ ... m' ..,..~Lft,, .... 

0•....•.•• : ••..••...•.•..• What is considered .~..e>~Lla!¡ysuggestive 

"i., pictures/video and messages? 

"m.~ .•. 

:""\'} ~. 

":

130 


3/24/2011 

.--------------------------~ 

How easy is it. . 

'----------~-_.__ .._._---- 

-----------,--------------~ 

~---------I----i-----~========~--~======~-----I-----------~- 

r-----'--.------.---.------- 

r------~." ... _--_. __ ... _-, ..-------.- 

-_._-----------_._-_._-----, 

r-----,----~"'"---,... ,,, 

'---------- ..,- ......,..-~ .•-.-. __ •__ ...J 

L 

. ._, __, 

-' 

r-----'--.---- ..--.- --..--_ 

'------,----------_ ..._-_._--- 

'--' .... 

I 

_--,,·~·_-" o 

, Reasons why someone should be 

i concerned with sending or posting 

messages or pictures 

• Regret 

• Could disappoint family 

• Hurt a relationship or someone else's 

• Could hurt my reputation 

• College recruiter might see 

• Embarrassment! 

• Once you hit send you cannot get it back 

• Could get in trouble with the law 

,---_.,, 

--J 

2

131 


3/24/2011 

- __ n_" __ ·__ •..,.~_ ..__ ~ ........n""".....,,_ ... ,...,._, __ ..__ 

~-------------------- 

.._----_ .._-_._---_._---- .... 

Under Federal Law 

-------I-~-----,.L------~~----I-I---II---oy 

/~~ 

" 

• Child P.ornograP-hï - is defined as 

any visual depiction, including any 

photograph, film, video, picture, or 

computer or computer-generated image 

of picture, whether made or produced 

electronic, mecñanical, or otn-e-r---I------~ 

means, of sexually explicit conduct. 

~~----------~ 

L-- .. • ..,~ .._ •._,.• .. 

I,---__.._._. .. ., ---J 

--~=~~=-'--~-"-l 

-------------- 

What does this mean ?? 

LL.. . . _ 

~---,-----_ .._----_ .... __. 

.,J 

• Don't take Qi send nude/ sexually suggestive photos 

of yourself, or anyone else - especially minors, 

• If you do, (even if they're of you with your consent or 

just something you are passing along) - you could be 

charged with producing or distributing child 

pornography. 

• If you keep them on your phone or computer you could 

be charged with possession. 

" If they go to someone in another state (and that 

happens really easily), it has crossed state lines and is a 

federal felony, You could also be charged with sexual 

il harassment or with making a threat when texting 

~ messages, even if you think it's a joke. 

Il____________ , --1 

----"_.,., ..""' ..._ .....----. ........._,.._.--..~,.._,...,.....--.. ....-'"-'''''' 

~---------_._---------- 

-: 

L----_.==--=--===:~~~ 

132 


3/24/2011 

r---------'----.---- 

Why are STO'san epidemic now? 

Sexually active earlier More partners 

Don't Take precautions 

Don't seek treatment 

SEXUALLYTRANSMITTED DISEASE(STO'spr srrs sexually 

transmitted infections) .... 

_ 

r-----------·------------- ~ 

--infections 

you can get by having sex with_~omeoo_Ùof!i£.~g 

--caused by a BACTERIA or a VIRUS or a fARASlIT 

-Inravelsi n cert1lÏnl)ollyflUiCls .... 

semen 

blood 

ALL FORMSof SEXare RISKY 

vaginal fluids 

L.... , .__ 

...------.-----------------------~ 

~-----------------------------------_. 

Many times you may not be able to tell if you or your partner 

has an STO.... 

Often there are NO signs or symptoms ..., 

..................ASYMPTOMATIC 

Talk about SAFERSEX (No exchange af body fluids at all) 

Some STO'scan be treated and cured. Some CANNOT and are 

damaging if left untreated and ignored ... 

----------, ----------. 

"""" ..Increased risk of cancer, contracting HIV I 

F= lOx more likely to get HIV if already infected with a STO 

M= 5 x more likely to get HIV if already infected with a STO 

STO's are an EPIDEMIC 

HIV/AIDS is a PANDEMIC 

~l million new cases of non-HIV STO'severy yearll 

1 o,,,,u,,-t ",ofl.-_4!-· __ teens currently has an STO 

(that is one out of every four teens In this room right now) 

"""infertility, 

sterility or HIV infecti~IOS 

1...- _ 

females~~::::~--'l 

"SILENT" Epidemic"", 75~ _of STO's are INr:.E;Ç,I10U~ and eOMJYlUNleABLE. 

__ S_01L-_ of males have no symptoms 

The most common STDamong teens Is CHLAMYDIA 

"."".BUT 

ARE INFECTEDwith Chlamydia and Gonnorhea. 

The most common in the general population IsGenital 

Herpes 

Women who are Infected with an STOare at an increased risk of: 

---INFERTILITY 

---HIV/AIDS 

---Cervical Cancer 

Syphilis 

is on the rise, after having been almost eradicated a decade ago. 

Men who are infected with an STOare at an increased risk of: 

'--- 

---STERILITY 

---HIV/AIDS , 

-_--..;-P..:;enile and other g~!!i~_an_c_e_rs .. • ! 

I 

II.. 

~_---------_._,_._-_._-I 

1

133 


3/24/2011 

¡---------'-----,_._--------- 

._-_._._----_._---------, 

The FOUIt..]~\ill:L~_Land 

INCURABLESTO'sare: 

THE Three, BIG..Bacterial STO'sare: 

1. HPV (genital warts) 

2. Genital Herpes 

3.HIV 

4. Hepatits B (attacks the liver) 

THESECAN BETREATED,but have NO CURE! 

1.Syphilis 

2. Chlamydia 

3. Gonorrhea 

These CAN be Cured with immediate treatment, but.. 

any damage done is PERMANENT! 

---------~-~~~~~~~~~~=---I----I-------------------------I--------~- 

1....- • , _ 

-------~. _J 

TWO RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PERSON IF THEY SUSPECT OR 

DISCOVER THEY HAVE AN STO .... 

1. Get treatment ASAP 

STQ): 

.--------------------~ 

GELTING r/ELP 

2. Tellanyone they ever had sexual contact with 

If you think you've been infected with (In STO, testing and 

Treatment are Immediately crucial! 

3. Call area clinics: Planned Parenthood - 723-8306 

Southern Tier AIDS Program - 723-6520 

STD Clinic - 778-2839 (Health Dep't) 

CONFIDENTIAL and FREE Treatment 

'---------- ..-- , J 

Il-_._.__ .. 

r------------·------'-------,l 

Prevention Behaviors (this list was 

generated by a class of health students) 

1. Use condoms 

2. Limit the number of sexual partners 

3. Be selective about partners. 

4. Know partners well; have close, caring 

relationships 

5. Be willing to be honest with partners about 

"hard-to-discuss" subjects. 

6. Be willing to be honest with partners about 

'-- __ yo_u_r own se~~~.~~~~~~:ist~! "__ ,_j 

I 

...._--_ .._---'_._-----_._------, 

7. Wait until both partners are tested before 

engaging in high risk sexual behaviors, 

then practice monogamy. 

8. Be educated about and willing to look for 

symptoms in self and partner. 

L 

I 

..~_. ..... __ 

2

134 


3/24/2011 

.------,--_.,----_._._-_._--,. 

To protect yourself.. ... 

Remember your 8. ª- Ç,Ps ..... 

A:: 

B:: 

Abstinence 

Be faithful 

--------I-----------------------l--------------------------------~- 

c = 

Condoms ...correctly and consistently 

I 

L...- ._~ ._. j 

3

135 


STO 101 for Non-Clinicians _ 

Common Sexually 

Transmitted Diseases: 

STO 101 for Non-Clinicians 

Developed by 

The Training and Health 

• Gonorrhea 

• Chlamydia 

• Syphilis 

Communications Branch, in partnership with • Herpes 

Topics 

________ I tillh""e--'-P~rogramJle.Y.eLQpmeoLa[1dSLIpportBra[1ch,--- ---1------------,;-. ¡:lPV'-------------I-------~,- 

Division of STO Prevention 

NCHSTP, CDC 

• 

--,-----,------------ 

'-S'::::TO":':10':":'1 fo'-:'r N:-"on"":':-CI:-:"inlc:-"Ian-s ----------------- 

~~~~~~------------------ 

._--------'------_._----:---, 

STD 101 for Non-Clinicians 

Gonorrhea 

Gonorrhea 

Gonorrhea 

• Gonorrhea is sometimes called clap, drip, dose, strain, gleet 

or the whites 

Incubation period: 1 -14 

days 

A bacteria causes gonorrhea 

Can cause infections in men, women, and new babies 

• The person can easily pass it on to sex partners and babies 

during childbirth 

'-S:::TD~10::-:-1-:-for-:':N-on"':'-CI::-:lnlc"7"la-ns-------'-·----------·- 

1-._----------,----"._- 

----.,--------,-----,- 

• 

r=~~~~----------.---'----- .._ 


.Gonorrhea 

.-=~-_._-----'---------::~:-- 

STO 101 for Non-Clinicians '_~ ~~_____ Gonorrhea 

Gonorrhea Symptoms 

in Men 

Complications 

in Men 

• Discharge from the 

penis (may be 

thick, milky white, 

yellowish, or 

greenish) 

• Swollen or tender testicles (epididymitis) 

• Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) 

• Burning on 

urination 

Source: CDC/NCHSTP/DJv]slon of~lIon, STD Clinlcal_~'!:!.... __ ......_ ••__ 

.__ ..__._-_._---------- 

1

136 


r=:-::-:~:--::::-:-:--------_ 

STD 101 for Non-Oflulelans 

.._-------- 

Swollen or Tender Testicles 

(Epididymitis) 

Oonorrhen 

._------------_. 


Disseminated 

(Gonorrhea) 

Gonococcal 

Infection 

Gonorrhea 

Source: Health Awareness Connection, http://www.heallhac.org/lmages.html 

'------_._-------------- 

"._6_0_U"_"_: C_D_C/~S_T_P/D_I'_iSl_01l~_~=_,n __no__n._S_TD_C_"n_I,_,'_S.".d_" ..!!!!!!!!! 

It 

r= ~ ~._-- .•. - "..u" ,••"••"".-" ••-- --.--.-. • 

STO 101 for Non-ClinIcians _ _ .__, ,_~ "'G"'on"'o"'rrh"'e"_ 

S·rö·~10:-:1-;fo-r7:N-on-"C:::IJ~=n-s---=-_-_-,,~_-_ ...._-_ -_ ---------G-o-n-or"":rh-.- a ., 

Gonorrhea Symptoms in V\/omen 

Complications 

in Women 

• Usually 

asymptomatic 

• Painful urination 

• Abnormal vaginal 

bleeding 

• Pain during sex 

Source: CDC/NCHSTP/Dlvisfon ct sm Preveotun, STO Clinical Slides 

• Bartholin's Abscess 

• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PIO) 

• Disserninated gonococcal infection (DGI) 

----,,------------- 

10 

• 

r:::ST~D:-1:::071 ';'"fo~r N::'o-n"':.C:::lln"7lc":'la-n-s 

--- ...--.-.----....-r- ..-- ..~--,·~·G~~:lh~; ... -._--------_._-_._-- 

Bartholin's AbSC(}SS 

STO 101 for Non-Clinlc:"'le"'ns'-- , -'G"'o~no"'rr"'h=ea 

Pelvic Inflammatory 

Disease (PIO) 

SOUfee: CDGfNCHSTPIDlvislon of STO Prevention, STD Clinical Slides 

11 

12 

SOUfee: Cincinnati STD/l-nV Prevention Training Cenler 

~-_.----_,,_. _., .!!O 

2

137 


~S::;T-:-D=1 O~1::;fo=r N:;;o=n-~C=lin=ici=an:;::S::::=-_'·_·-_··-_-_'-_·-_'_-"_-:==::=-=':~~=-~-G:;'~;;;;;~- 

Gonorrhea 

• A mother can pass 

gonorrhea to her 

baby during 

childbirth 

in Infants 

.------_ ...-.._._,--- ..-_._-_. -------- 

STD 101 for Non-Cllnlclans 

Gonorrhea 

Testing & Treatment for 

Gonorrhea 

• Easily detected by a 

urine test or swab; and 

• Easily cured with 

antibiotics; but 

1----1--- --'-AAy-damage-t0-the-- 

body cannot be 

repaired, 

'-----,-----------,._----_. __ ._,.,--._-- 13 

------_ .._-_ 

14 

..._----_.,------"''''' 

r:S=TD~10~1 fo·r":N':""on-:"-Cl::'"7-_.~--_ lnic -:-"ian-s 

.... "._-' .----- •• 

---- -------- ! 

r=:-=':"".-------------.-'---.----~~ 

STD 101 for Notl..:Ç"II,n"'lc"'la""ns'--___ _ Chlamydia 

Chlamydia 

Chlamydia. 

• Can cause infection in men, women, and 

newborn babies 

• Chlamydia 

is caused by a bacteria 

• Incubation Period: 2-3 weeks 

• The person can pass it on to sex partners 

and to babies during childbirth 

15 

16 

STD 

101 fo~c¡;;--_s-=--=~~--""'-''''-'--'''''~ëhia-;;¡¡:;'-'\: 

.-._--'_.__ .._-_._------_._--'------.., 

I STD 101 for Non·Cli~~.~ _ Chlamydia 

Symptoms 

Symptoms in Women: 

Usually asymptomatic 

Abnormal vaginal discharge 

Pain during sex 

of Chlamydia 

§Y.mP.!QD]§.!n...Men: 

Usualilf 

asymptomatic 

Discharge from the penis 

(may be runny, whitish) 

Burning Oll urlnatlon 

Chlamydia Symptoms in Men 

Complications, 

Pelvic inflammatory 

disease œ!ill 

if not treated: 

Complications, 

if not treated 

Swollen and ¡¿!Ilder 

testicles limiiliffiwWru 

'""'-------,.-._----------- ..,- 17 

• 

.-.---- ...-,- ..-.-----, --J!i!iIIII! 

Source: Seattle STD/HIV pre 

1B 

3

138 


r: S ::T::"0':':10:':"1 ';""for-:'N:-on~-C:::II"'7nlc-:-ja-ns--'----~--'---'"-----.. 

Chlamydia Symptoms in Women 

Mucopurulent Cervicitis 

.....-CI-llar-l1Ydi~~ 

------_.-_---_ .._._----------:---, 

STO tOi for Non-Clinicians Chlamydia 

Testing & Treatment for 

Chlamydia 

Easily detected by a urine 

test or a swab; and 

Easily cured with 

antibiotics; but 

'1 ' -,-A",n\,damage to the body'-- _ 

cannot be repaired 

Source: SI. Louis STD/HIV PTe 

19 

1...- , ,_,__ , ,_,__ 

20 

_._--------,-_ .._------ .._..__._---- 

STD101for Non.Clinlcl~~""'''''''''-''''---'''·'·'-.-..-- .... 

__ n_..,,"~ ..,"''''''''' 

,·-----~.-il 

"---", "----- ~ 

il 

I 

---_._-"' •._-----_._-----.., 

STD 

101 far Non-Clinicians 

,~---,-------~ 

Syphilis 

Syphilis 

• Syphilis is sometimes called "bad blood ," 

pox, lues, or a "zipper cut" 

• Syphilis is caused by a bacteria 

• Incubation Period: 10..90 days (average 21 

days) 

• Can cause infections in men, women, and 

unborn babies during pregnancy 

--- .......-,"" ...-..-0,"'-_.,......,. ••"'...--._ .. ,_ ...."""_ .............. ,"."',,"'-, _~, 

.._ 

21 

....... ,---_.~-~------_. 

22 

----_._._---,-_-...!!!!! 

STO 101 for Non-Clinicians ---'-'-"'--=

139 


r--~..,..,...-..,..,...--_._,.__ ....__ ._--._._---. __ ...._ 


Sy~ 

Primary Syphilis Chancre in El Woman 

_.._---_._-, .... ---_ ...... ~._-~_._-'----~---¡ 

STD 101 fa..!' Non.Clinicj~~ ,______ Syphilis 

Oral Primary Syphilis Chancre 

I---------I--------------~- 

Source: COCI NCHSTPI DIvision of SlO Preventton. STD Clinical Slides 

26 

ae 

& 

~~~_ou_"e_: C_D_C/_N.::~~/_DI_ViSi~~~~~~~~:._ST_D C_li~ Sllde:.. .!!!o!!!! 

STD 101 far Non-Clinicians 

._-~"=~-:=,,:~""'--"':"'''''''''''''''''--''·''''·--'''''''·''""·---''S;hj,~·-·l 

Symptoms of Syphilis 

Secondary Staqe 

• Skin rashes lastlnq 2 .- 6 weeks (averaqe of 4 

weeks) on the pal.ns of the hand", bottoros of the 

feet, or any part of the body 

!l, 

1 

II 

STO 101 for Non-Cli~~~~ .... S"'yp=hil"'-Is 

Secondary 

Syphilis Body Rash 

• Other symptoms include fever, swollen lymph 

glands, headache, hair loss, and muscle ache 

• Symptoms will go away without treatment 

• The person may be able to pass it on to sex 

partners 

'----- .._-_._ __ _--_._. __ _ _- 

27 

L,~3~~~; 

28 

..~~:2~~~~~:~~r.:~~~;::~~~~~.~,'~:,:;:,~,~~ 

_ 

• 

STD101for Non-clin'c¡an~--------_,·~ 

Secondary 

..._-~""'·"'·_..n----.~~~;:·!I 

Syphilis Rash 

il 

fSTD101~1.cllnlcia;;;-·~-~~:=_-=-====-_::""~ ..=:::-._· 

I: Secondary Syphilis Palm Rash 

--'S"-y"'ph...,ili"--s 

29 

Source: Cincinnati STO/HIV Prevention Training Center 

-------------,. ....._._ ..,,,.,,.....~._..,,...-.-_-,,_ ..,.. 

(1 Source: CDCI NCHSTPf Dlvislo~ ,-,f STO Prevenucn. STO Clinical Sridos 

,._._-----_ ......,--_.._-_._~.."_.._-_ .._-- • 

30 

5

140 


r---.,...--------- ..--------.--__.__.._.... _._.. _ 

STD 101 for Non~Clfnrclans _~ _"SylJFPh"'=ilis . 

, Paralysis 

, Insanity 

, Blindness 

Symptoms of Syphilis 

l.ate Staqe 

• Damage to knee joints 

'. Impotency 

• Aneurysm (ballooning 

of a blood vessel) 

• Tumor on the skin or 

_______ I__ -"'_,e-ce.ŒŒJalily_chaoges internalorç¡ans 

--._. ----_ ..__ •..."'~--_._-_..__ ._..,_.,-----...., 

STD 101 for Non·Clfnicians ._. Syphilis 

Late Stage Syphilis 

Ulcerating Gumma 

31 

1...- •__ ._.-._•• .... ..... _ 

• 

32 

._ .. _S_oíl,_e,_: C_DC~~~D_lvis_ion ..~~::T_D _p,,_""_tlon_,~~I~~~.~~._,, o!I!! 

'm"",-"~~::~~:;-~~~h~;~-=-I 

STD 101 for Non-Olin.clans .. .. ._. __ ~ __ __"S:œyP""hil"'__ls 

._--"' "_.." ,,,, "." "'''.•__ _ .." _._-.'"._-------, 

Testine ,t~Treatment for Syphilis 

• A mother can pass 

syphilis on to her 

unborn child 

33 

I...-_-------,_ .."..... _.._-_.._..... _..... _.... _ ..~._. 

• Easily detected by él 

blood test; and 

• Easily cured with 

antibiotics; 

• Any damaqe done to 

the body cannot be 

repaired, 34 

L. __ '.,,," ,.."..".".._~, '" . 

STD 101 fO~:;; ..... -----·_~-,,··': 

.~=~~'==__:::~'\! 

r~rD~~Jjni~:~~·~~~~~===~=~y·_----Heœ""e-:' ..aw 

I 

Genital Herpes 

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 

.,~---..."".""'_._-.....,,_....,," ..,,~"'''',. ~"'.....,,"'_ ........ 

35 

L_. 

• Causes inrE¡ction in me» -'Jrnen, and 

newborns 

• Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) cause genital 

herpes infü::tions. 

• Inenbation period: 2 _'o 12 days 

• The person can eas ily pass it on to sex 

partners and babies during childbirth 

....__._..... _,,,.__ ._ .. ...,_,, .... '..!6 _ 

• 

6

141 


,.....------_.-._-_._. __ ..-.~...__..-._.....""_."-_. __.__._--., ---_., ..__.__..__._----_._-_._----..., 

I :S"-'T-=:D--'-10"-'1-"fo"-r"'No"'n-"-C"'lIn:::-lc...,lan""s______ _~ Herpes_ 

Genital Herpes: Two Types 

• There are 2 types ofHSV: HSV-1 and HSV-2. 

- HSV-2 causes most genital infections, 

- HSV-1 causes oral infections (cold sores, fever 

blisters) and some genital infections, 

------I--------------------¡----diffirolt--urlJTatlon. 

'-------,--,_ .._-_ .."._-_._- ,...•._.__ .- 37 

~~D 101 for !i0..!:l-CUnicia~ 

Symptoms of 


• Numerous painful lesions (sores) 

- On tJI'EI penis, vagina, anus, buttocks, thighs, 

mouth, or finger 

- Last up to 4- --- 21 days 

• Other symptoms include headache, fever, 

muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, and 

• Symptoms 

may or may not come back. 

-'-'H-"-'er1"pe"'--s 

••• __ • __ ._. __ .... "'--,,_.~._----- ••_, •• , •__ -J!i!!I!I!!!i!!!!!!! 

3B 

II Il 

STD 101 for Non-Clinicians --·---·--·--=--=--=--===:-----·---¡:¡;;;~';~--I 

Genital Herpes Without Symptoms 

II 

i 

r~·=:pe~:::-Herpes 

• Many people with herpes do not have any 

symptoms or do not recognize that they have 

symptoms. 

• Most people with herpes can pass the virus 

to sex partners even when they do not have 

symptoms. 

I 

I 

I 

39 

Source: Olnclnna.¡ fHO,:·:¡V Prevention Training Cenler 

STD 

101 forNon·~:=~_=-~~-==~:'=:~"'-'~·~'~:==-Hn~~.;~,.:: 

¡:-iæ"10'1 fot~~;:éii~;2~;.:'::~:==-~~=~~~::-=: 

~~_~---~; ..... 

Herpes in a Woman 

You can f;i;lt herpes anywhere ... 

Source: CDC/NCHSTP/Dlvislon of STO, 

STO Clinical Slides Source: ceclnneü SiDt-liV Prevantlon Training Conler 

------,- ••--w·__ '".·""'_" ..__ ''''''''''..."a.·.uuu .._.,....."...,...,~ __ 

41 

IIi Soø'ce: Cincinnati S1D,'rlIV Preve-tren TI'ainino Center 42 

L..•••_._"" ••,_,.•"_,,, •.,,•._.._.,......~ .•.,,•.,,._._••,,",,".,_ ... _ 

7

142 


r------'-.---- 

STO 101 far Non-Clinicians . .. ~~ 

Herpes Complications 

'_. __"._,,~,_,,_._. __, ---_.__ ...... "".......-"---...""..~'''''"','''''"'''"......... "....__ ...., ...._ ......_----- 

STO 101 for NOI1.Clinil?ians __ Herpes 

Tes-ting & Treatment for 

Genital Herpøs 

• HSV-2 causes serious 

problems when it is 

passed to newborns 

during birth, 

--------I--------------~- 

• Can be detected by: 

,- culturing the leslon 

- blood test 

• Herpes cannot be cured, 

but symptoms can be 

treated with medicines 

called antívlrals. 

• You can still spread 

herpes even if you are 

takin(] antiviral 

medicine! 

47 

I.--_---,._--------_." .._~,-_..__.._~-_.- 

43 

'---------_._-,_._._-,--_._,~_._., ..-...._" .._. 

44 

» 

STO101for Non_Cllnician7-----·--.o.'- ..-- ...·n--:~=,·~,,·~ 

Human Papñlomavirus 

(HPV) 

..,--=-~=~=:~-i 

I 

r··"·-----·,-"'-~_·--·_"·-----··---··--- 

STO J~~n.C~~(~~~ 

____'_'H'__'__PV 

i'i,' 

Human Papillornavlrus 

~ 

. • Many types of Human Papillornavirus (HPV), 

some of which infect the genital area 

• Incubation period unclear 

• Can infect men, women, and newborns 

• The person can easily pass it on to sex 

partners 

----- __ ., .... ..- ........... __ .. _., ... ~""' ... "'''" .•..• ~.,'''' 0-" ......... ,_ 

45 

_._"---,_.~_.,._"" 

".._"-----"-_._--.----- 

40 


..... _'-,..._""'_· ...... ,""""------"-~~""'-~;I 

----------- J:1£'11_1 

Genital HPV: Two Types 

• The types of HPV that infect ti1a genital area 

are labeled "low-risk" or "high-isk" depending 

on whether they can cause cancer (')1" not. 

o 

Low-risk HPV types can cause go'Uai 'ilfarts. 

• High-risk HPV types can cause ~:r:t¡O!JS 

cervical lesions, cervical cancer. ",ld other 

genital cancers, 

I 

1" __ n_..__ "' n"""n~"'." ,~,...~"""...,''' '' _T , '"''Z_''''''' _'''' ..~_ , _ 

STO 101 for Non-C!iniciwl~ ~ ~ ---'H""P"'__V 

Symptoms 

• Usually asymptomatic 

of Genital HPV Infection 

and brief (6 - 12 months) 

• Genital warts (usually infection with low ..risk type of 

HPV) 

- Warts 0/1 the penis, va¡;ina, anus or urethra 

- I~arely may have itching, bleeding, burning, or pain along 

with the warts 

- May go away Oil their own, stay about the same, or get 

worse 

~,._._--"'.._~ __ _._.__ _.._~_._--,-- 

4ß 

8

143 


.------_._-_. __.-.._._ ..."..."_._- ...._--~.._....-. 

"ST.,D l",O-,-l ",fo",r N",o",n __ -C",lIn",ic",la",n",s . . . __ ~ -------...J:!!:_ 

Symptoms of Genital HPV Infection 

• Cervica//esions (usually infection with high-risk type 

of HPV) 

.,.---_._-~. __ .-._-_.._._._--_ ...._--- .._-------. 

STO.!Q1!~Non-Clin!9.~s _ HPV 

HFilV Penile Warts 

- Usually no symptoms 

- Detected by Pap smear 

- Most will go away on their own 

- Some will persist and need to be followed by health care 

provider 

________ I --:M~o"'st"'w""o"'lc:n"'e'-'n-'w'-'it"-h'-'h-"igh-risk HPV tYRes do not get cervi~ 1 _ 

cancer 

40 

'--------_._~._._-----_.."._-~_...._.- 

---------------I-------------~- 

-_ ..~.__ .•_-_ 

Source: Cincinnati STDfHIV Prevcrëcn Training Conler 

.•._.__._---.-_ ...._._--- 

STD 10~r Non-cllnlc~~~~=~~=__ ..•...--- ...... 

Genital Warts in él Woman 

_--~ ...=~--'--~---HrJ~ __ ~,.;1 

rS':iÔ'10'1furÑo;;:(:i;;:;;;-"" _ •.•_._, _ _ ..•__ •._.-_.~.- 

1.------- .. -----"".---------------.------------ 

Perianal \lVarl 

Source: CDC/NCHSTP/Dlvlalon of STD, STO Clinical Slides 

----'.., ..'---... ..D_",_ .." "----.. U,_---.,"'.""'. __ ,~,._._ 

51 

I 

I,.__ ~::::,,:::- ..:.~.~: ::~~:.::::::..~:::~:_" ......_ .. " .." .. _ ... "._.~ ... _ 

='"'M'"'''''';:~;;;:;:~~~;;;¡=;~;-::-~1 

Gen/tal Warts , 

• Genita/ Warts 

- No tests for genital warts 

- Several types of treatment are available 

- Warts may come back 

• Cerviea//es/ons 

and cervlcal cancer 

- f'\egular Pap smears are best way to detect 

serious lesions and prevent cervical cancer 

- Pap smear screening ls recommended fol' all 

sexually active women 

'. 

63 

9

144 


3/24/2011 

r-----.--- ..----.--- 

".._ 

What is 'sex'? What is 'sexuality'? 

1- 

o Reproduction 

D Broaderand more 

complexthan 'sex' 

o Hereditary materials D Involveswhat we do 

(genes,traits, etc.) sexuallyand whowe 

o Intercourse 

are sexually- with or 

withoutsexualactivity 

----------I-------------------------I----I--B-A-P

145 


3/24/2011 

~----,----- 

Conclusion ... 

@ll¡l_L'l'%@lM~:,1mlll_.œWIII@i¡¡¡jl!1l __ ._AI~¡MI 

.:. Sexua lity is not just having sex • 

•:. It Is a part of who we are as human beings . 

.:. It can be a positiYJLpart of your life, as in love, 

Intimacy, caring or a negative part (STD's, unwanted 

pregnancy, rape, broken heart.) 

·:·-This-unit-will-te-cæh yoo more aooul yourselves, your 

sexuality, relationships, and the positive and- negative 

aspects of what It means to have healthy sexucllty, 

1--------. ._. ---.1 

,\ 

2

146 


3/24/2011 

r----------------- __.__ 

'---'---'-' ----------------, 

Young men may believe .... 

Teen Dating Violence 

1 in 3 Teens 

_______ II -----"W~h\! is teen dating violence hidden? 

• That they have the right to control their 

partners actions, thoughts, beliefs, etc. 

• That physical aggressiveness translates into 

masculinity 

• That their partner will lose respect for them if 

they are too attentive or supportive 

-----I---~~~--~~~~~~~------I----------~- 

• That they have the right to demand intimacy 

on any level 

L-- •__ •• ._ ...~_ 

'------------_ .._----_ 

..._--------1 

Young women may believe ... 

• That they are responsible to "fileing" a 

relationship. 

• That abuse is normal in a relationship 

• That a boyfriends jelousy or possessiveness is 

"romantic" or that it somehow means their 

partner loves them. 

• That varying levels of abuse are normal or that 

the abuse itself is "not that bad". 

• That no one can help them. 

Not true. 

... ---.-_ •• •• _._. n • ~11 

Dating Safety 

• Consider double-dating the first few times you go out with 

someone new, 

• Before leaving on a date, know the exact plans for the evening 

and make sure a parent or friend knows these plans and what 

time to expect you home. Let your date know that you are 

expected to call or tell that person when you get in, 

Be aware of your decreased ability to react under the 

influence of alcohol or other drugs. DO NOT LOSEYOUR 

HEAD, 

• IFyou leave a party with someone you do not know well, 

make sure you tell another person you are leaving and with 

whom, Ask a friend to call and make sure you arrived home 

safely, 

---_. ---"._--~.-._-----------I 

r----'---·------- .. 

Dati ~-gsa;':'IY¡c~~~-'--l ~ Rape Defined 

• Assert yourself when necessary. Be firm and 

straightforward in your relationships and 

communication style. ¡ 

• Trust your instincts. If a situation makes you i 

uncomfortable, try to be calm and think of a way 

to remove yourself from the situation. 

• Communicate open and honestly "l like__ 

don't like__ " 

• Discussexpectations regarding sex and dating. 

Decide and know your own limits beforehand. 

, 

.--- ...----"-,- ...-.-.~ .J 

, I 

Rape - sexual intercourse under actual or 

threatened force that overcomes the earnest 

resistance of the victim. 

Statutory Stranger 

AÇ.,Ci!!.ªJntanc~ or Date Rape - forced intercourse 

by someone with whom the victim has held an 

ongoing social relationship. It changes 

people's lives....it changes them forever. 

II ._._-----~_ .. _.,--_ .. _._ .. _--- 

1

147 


3/24/2011 

r---------.-_. . .__ ---_ .._._--_. __._----,-------.. 

Date Rape often happens in Foul' 

stages." 

1. There is a violation of a female's personal 

o Alcohol/Drugs 

space. 

• Verbal Coercion 

2. The female does not assert that this behavior 

• Anger 

is an intrusion of her personal space. 

o Threat, physical force 

3. The couple ends up in a secluded, vunerable 

location. 

-o-R-ape-is-an-aet-done-not-always-for-sexual 

4. The actual rape takes place. gratification but rather as an act of power and 

-------I---.-~_=_=_=:_:_,::_¡_::_::_c:_=_=:_;_:_:_::_:_:o_::_::_::__-------I--- 

Coercive Tactics Used to have sex with 

él date ... 

domination. 

L-- · ._. ~ __ .I 

-----·--·_-·- ..~--·-·----l 

Thinking about date rape., ¡ 

o Can be scary, especially scary to think that 

someone you know would hurt you. (50%- 

70%) 

o But it does happen. (1 in 4 females) And, 

while date rape is never your fault, you can 

take steps to help protect yourself. 

_ ••_ ....._".,ll

c 

148 


3/22/2011 

149 


What are re-maln concerns parents, 

and concerned a ults have with 

young people being s uallyactive? 

Co on STD's 

Bacterial 

be cured) 

• Unplanned pregnancy 

• Unhealthy physical conseque 

(STD's) 

-.-tJnwanteù--reputation 

• Emotional trauma and regrets 

-Chlamydia (most com 

highest incidence rate, over 1 m 

new cases in 2007) 

=Gorrorrtrea 

-Syphilis (3 stages) 

and 

------------1, - 

r---~~--------------------- 

What ean en dia do to you? 

.Can be easily treated, b .f it goes 

undetected and untreated C ydia 

can cause PID (pelvic infla 

disease) NGU (non-gonnococal 

urethritis) and scarring in the 

reproductive system leading to 

infertility. 

'-------------------- 

3 sta of Syphilis 

• First or primary: Ver . fectious, sores 

on genitals or mouth, can treated 

easily 

• Second or latent: Outward symp 

diminish, but person is still infecti 

-Third or tertiary: Severe problems 

(blindness, insanity, heart problems ar 

death) Cannot be treated anymore 

*warning ... next slides are pretty gross! 

.---------'-_ ...... 

yphillis: Chancre's 

• Gonorr 

: "The Drip" 

1

150 


____ 

....----=---------_._-- 

Vira (can 't..Q.ecured, but some have 

vaccincste revent) 

-HIV 

-Hepatitis B + C 

-HPV causes genital warts, 

,_=fa=s=te=s=t--""s12reading, cervical.t 

cancer risk goes ... 

-Herpes (genital) 

~---- ------- 

eH 

Mas 

urnan 

• Immunodeficiency 

.V irus 

blicized 

ST 

HIV is the virus, but you die from 

~tunistic in~-º!!~ as you develop ... 

_._---- 

--~~~ 

..---~~-_._-_. __._-- 

eAcquired 

el mmuno 

• Deficiency 

.S yndrome 

WI1e-n 

IV becomes 

Al 

• HIV cells seek an estray 

T-cells in the human i ne 

system. When the numb 

T -cells drops to less than 

200/ml of blood - AIDS! 

"-------,._------- 

~tnQ10n modes -- 

of transmlsslooot 

• Unprotected sexual c 

• Shared IV drug needles 

• Mother to child __-- 

HIV 

et 

eBlood transfusions 

~-----_._._---- 

.--=~-------_._---, 

4 Main ids of HIV 

transmis 'on 

-Blood 

-Semen 

• Vaginal secretions 

eBreast rnilk 

* More gross slides coming up ... 

,--- 

2

151 


r---=---------- ~ " 

Genital Herpes. 

he open sore 

Gem 

Warts 

--------- 

~----------------------- - 

-~._--_._"' ---1 

Parasit 

STD's 

• Trichomo~iasis is the most mon curable 

STD in young, sexually active en. 

• Trichomoniasis is caused by the si led 

protozoan parasite, Trichomonas' va 

The vagina is the most common site o 

infection in women, and the urethra (uri 

canal) is the most common site of infecti 

men. 

------~-_·· 

..··...- ....__,."...,..,. ........·.,"' ..u,_ ......_, __ '" 

More Parasitic 

,- D's 

• PuJ:>ic liSJl (crabs) Pretty mue e same 

as the lice you would get on your hea 

now in your genital area. Special sham 

medications to treat. 

• Sç-ªJ!.~11.- very small 'mites' 

that can be easily treated with 

medications. 

Both are highly contagious!!! 

------------------------ 

-------------··"·:1 

• With sorne STDs, the symptoms I 

"arepcrlodtc, leading infected 

people ~t.!!ink that they are 

disease-free en they are not. 

.You can be 'tré 

STD's, but often 111 

You will have to liv 

symptoms and disco 

'------------- 

for nitost 

d'. 

-----=--------------- ----------_.- 

--s=::::::-.-.----~.- 

Two-t . ds of all 

reported case f 

ST'D's in the UnI 

States occur in you 

adults. 

._----_._--_._--- 

3

152 


,...----_.,---------- 

Contraception: 

Prevention of conception 

----------,-----_.-....1 

-------------- 

istory of Contraception 

ncient writings refer to contraceptíve 

echniques using crocodile dung and 

ermented dough, which most likely created a 

ostile environment for sperm. Also, vaginal 

lugs of gum, honey, and acacia were used. 

uring the early second century in Rome, 

ighly acidic concoction of fruits, nuts, and 

001 that was placed at the cervical as a 

permletdal barrier. 

'-------------,---_ .._-- 

Contraception Methods 

• Brief History of ... 

• Abstinence lifestyle 

II Coitus interruptus (withdrawal) 

• Hormone Therapy 

Newer: The Ring / The Patch 

• Barrier 

.-Intra uterine'---------II-------: 

• Fertility Awareness 

• Sterilization 

Pros 

---'----------, 

-Free 

-100% effective 

-Avoids 

Abstinence 

STO's, 

pregnancy, heartache 

Cons 

- Difficult when pressured to 

have sex (society, partner) 

'-------------,---_.-----~ 

._---'---, 

Coitus interruptus 

Coitus interruptus involves 

withdrawal of the entire penis from 

the vagina before ejaculation. 

Fertilization is prevented by lack of 

contact between spermatozoa and 

the ovum. This method of 

contraception remains a 

significant means of fertility control 

in the developing world. 

-------------~-_.._--- 

Hormone 

Oral, Norplant, Depo-Provera ... 

• Pros 

-Good success rate, Can be reversed 

- Non-interfering 

18 Cons 

- Can be expensive 

- Need to take pills regularly 

- Potential health risks 

.- Doesn't protect / STO's 

1

153 


~-----_.----------------¡ 

Various types... 

• Birth control pill 

- Combination 

-Mini-pill 

l] Norplant 

-6 silicone capsules are implanted in 

your arm and release over 5 years 

• Depo-Provera , 

-3 month injection 

"------_ ..__ .._----~- 

The Ring (3 weeks) 

A small, flexible ring 

inserted in vagina delivers 

low doses of two female 

hormones, estrogen and 

pl:o-9esti-rl,i-~tQ-yQbI-~I;)QQ-y-.-1-------- - 

This helps prevent 

pregnancy by ... 

----------------,-- 

Suppressing ovulation 

ovulation is the process by 

hich a mature egg is 

eleased from the ovary) 

Causing the mucus on the 

ervix to thicken, which 

helps prevent sperm 

rom reaching the egg 

---,------_ .._-----------' 

_.---------.-----------, 

The Patch (weekly) 

• The birth control patch is a 1 

3/4-inch square, thin, beigecolored 

patch that you apply 

directly to the skin of your 

buttocks, abdomen, upper 

torso or upper outer arm. 

(Hormones pass thru skin) 

-~_._---, 

'--------, 

Barrier- male condom 

Pros 

-I nexpensive 

- Easy to use, but can be used improperly 

- Relatively effective 

- Readily available 

Cons 

-Can fail 

-Interrupts sex 

- Decreased sensation 

I, 

-----.----,-----.- __ J 

.,.-----._---- 

Barrier- female condom 

ros 

Female control, Inexpensive 

ons 

-More difficult to use, Reduced 

sensation 

High failure rate 

---- 

2

154 


--..,.."",--~-"'''''''''''''' 

Using the Condom tor WC)i1'len 

gs 

,--,Applicator 

Wrapper 

(e) 

L..-. . ""_..._". ,,_ 

(d) 

Barrier- Diaphragm 

.Pros 

-Female 

-Less 

.Cons 

control 

intrusive than condoms 

-TaKes time toinsert 

-Spermicidal 

-Needs 

needed 

to be fitted by a doctor 

(a) 

apht:;~um'''\l, 

\ 

L..-._-_,~,--- ......úi.L_._. _ 

lb 

Barrier-Cervical cap 

Pros 

-Fits more snuggly over cervix than 

diaphragm 

-Lasts 

Cons 

for hours 

-Needs to be inserted properly / 

difficult 

-Can 

-Fitted 

be uncomfortable 

by doctor 

---------------' 

'i ijl,tltIll%t1lt J/ iJYMJ.¡f¡{ÆllttIJJJ.IM' ~:O:~¡.¡!y,M. :(j~:m'"!Xt""11'hjlt1~;:;'¡mij!~\I'Wil¡¡iI,hl¢.flHfli@tlll~1 

The Cervical Cap 

Cervical 

cap 

(whiCh 

covera 

cervix) 

"Uterus 

Cervix 

-'Vagina 

vs, Diaphragm 

(which flt$ / 

againat ~ 

vaginal waH) J' 

'------- -'- I 

Barrier -Spermicidal 

Pros 

-I nerease effectiveness of 

other methods 

-I nexpensive 

Cons 

-Messy, 

gritty feel 

-·Can interfere with spontaneity 

3

....... _ ...... _"""""_II!I'IØff'ftI'~¡." .§. R:\I~JI ••'!,1I''''-'''!I\'II,.",'''''f1'''~~_ 

155 


Vaginal SpEH'mlcides 

L.....L.o.l...... _ .•_._._._ £hl... _. _ 

---_ .._---------, 

Intrauterine 

Pros 

-Highly effective 

-Longest 

ons 

acting, reversible means 

--Documented side effects (PID) 

-Possible discomfort and cramRing_,_~ __ ~_. 

An IUD causes cervical mucus to be 

thicker in consistency, thereby 

altering sperm migration. 

-------------------------~ 

¡W,' ~'~l~n'ftlmr.'¡1'm!'rwmi'ltes~~""mJ.~j{jrH19f;f~ OO~"i • 

Types of IUD$; An ¡Ur:) ID'IPO$~ition 

S8M 

Progi!lltaSi!rt 

(a) (_b) ~_._m --l 

Fertility Awareness 

ros 

-More 

-Approved 

natural 

by church 

Nothing artificial 

IOns 

Less effective. Depends on 

regular cycle and proper 

monitoring 

-----,-_._--"-------1 

~......,..,.,.....,,.,--~....,.,...----_ 

..._...__._._._--- 

tlt~(ßlh;¡jJ¡¡b,.;t~m.M L>Ji,:w.¡(M:t(;f ilu",,,,1JB.>xwlil'y,t!;. c..'Jl~I{,,¡h1f~ll>:xvd, ! 

. 

'" 

I 4'~f¡~(~~ 

"fhe Calt91ndar 

(Rhythm) 

. Method 

"1'h.". dUy" møy b. 

"u"sar. Illw.nty'o¡ghHl~y 

~t1~~ ~n~w~~~I~~l(lh ee 

h~W0tiln ah(,rtast and 

lono •• t eyelu", 

Egg nluy' \~ " 

.) 

$tlil b. P'""~_t.__ ~~~. .._ .._._.._._~. ¡ 

-_.__._-------_._--- ..... 

Sterilization 

ros 

-Near 

100% effective 

-No effect on sex drive 

Cons F lo¡>l,,1\JIJ!m 

-Norrnally irreversible UtoM"" 

-Can be expensive 

,~:~~~f;n~~I~:p~~~;~$ro~~rK:ef~_~t. Guys: Vasectomy 

L•• 

Girls: Tubal Ligation 

",,/V/J(II" 

~~~~'"11f1¡,".rI:'',''~«Iv. 

~dÖ~~~~ 

htlWbQM~OWtM 

--------_._------_._-------1 

4

156 


3/22/2011 

ay 

-To 

- Sam 

- Basic v 

- "Sex is not 

• 

wH 

one as 

to anyon 

on the topic 

it? Different t 

-- -De aone fOfbütn 

victims of this abus 

term consequences for 

ext 

that 

g tha 

Doa 

day) we 

out 

en 

. Wha ses 

or should 

--1-------- - 

S an 

are the long 

victims? 

(o 

• Chast 

conduct a 

integrity. 

nmarried 

tivity 

.Infidelity: Disl al 

obligation. Unfaith ually to a 

husband or wife sexua ly. 

in 

su 

egg . 

to produce 

duce 

'able 

-lu Vitro 

Treatr 

infertility in 

n's e 

fertilized, outsi 

ith her 

partner's sperm or 

a donor 

then put back in the ith the 

hopes it will implant an develop. 

en 

-Ectop 

the fertili 

in the fallopi 

dangerous) 

ty to 

d 

cy. ren 

Iants 

es(very 

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164 


Human Sexuality Quiz Health 1 

DO NOT WRITE ON TI-IlS TEST. WRITE YOUR ANSWERS ON THE 

ANSWER SHEET. 

TRUE OR FALSE?? 

1. Sterility is a condition in which a person is unable to reproduce. 

2. A common hernia of the female reproductive system is an inguinal hernia. 

-----------------------------------------------------------~-- 

3. The pathway of sperm out of the body is: testes, epididymis, urethra, penis. 

4. The pathway for sperm traveling in the female is: vagina, fallopian tubes, 

cervix, uterus. 

5. One cause of infertility in females is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. 

6. Two common STD's that are curable with antibiotics are Chlamydia and 

Human Papiloma Virus. 

7. All STD's can be treated. 

8. Most females with Chlamydia have noticeable symptoms of the infection. 

9. Abstinence is the only 100% safe and effective birth control. 

10. If a sperm cell does not fertilize an egg cell, it dies within two hours. 

11. The male reproductive cell begins producing sperm cells at birth. 

12. An effective vaccine has been produced for Human Papiloma Virus. 

13. To make sexual intercourse safer, it is a good idea to wear two condoms. 

14. Forgetting to take the birth control pill at the same time every day is a major 

cause of its failure. 

15. Secondary Virginity is one way to start over and protect a person's sexual 

health from disease, pregnancy and heartache.

165 


Health 1 

Human Sexual ity 

Name. __. . . _ 

Period .__ .. _ 

True or False? 

__ 1) You cennor get an STD from one casual sexual 

----e-nG0lJnter'-. ------------------------ 

females. 

_______ 

..2) Some STD's lead to both in'f(~ri"ility in both males and 

3) The most common STI) among US teens is Gonorrhea. 

._4) Almost all STDs cre easily cured. 

______ 5) If left untreo+ed, Syphilis can lead to paralysis, 

blindness and death .. 

Completion 

1) What are four (4) greatest qualities (keys) of ct healthy 

relationship? 

2) Name the four (4) body fluids thai" transmit HIVand other STD's. 

3) Norne three (3) STD'!;.;that have no cure,

166 


4) Describe three (3) neqctive consequencesof premature sex. 

5) What orle two (2) wrong reasons for' having sex in a relationship? 

6) What three (3) things need to happen before a womancan get 

pregnant? Think here cbout ono+omy and what you learned from the 

speaker's. 

7) What are two (2) benefits of get"tir\g tested for STD's? 

8) Identify two (2) places in our communltv where you can go for 

testing. 

9) Who is respenslble for protection when it comes to sexual 

relations? 

10) Who is responsible for the gender of an offspring? __. _ 

xx= .___ XV::. ,._

167 


10) In relation to sexuality, music... 

a. Often provides a platform for discussion of social topics like 

relationships, 

dating, ond break-ups. 

b. Allows for expressions of emottons ond feelings that might 

otherwise be difficult for people 1"0 express. 

c. May reflect a change in social norms or actually change social 

norms. 

----d.----A-I-I-of-t-h€.-Gl\;){')ve~_. --------------------- 

Contracep1Jon ..Matçh :1æ 

a. A bst ¡nence 

d. Birth control pill 

f. Nuva f'(ing 

b. condom c. Depo-Provera 

e. intrauterine! device 

g. Ortho Patch 

1. 1001'0 Effective 

2. Hormone injection. in arm 

3. ._JC>reverrts the spread of STD':s 

4. _ Hormone dose every 12 weeks 

5. _. ..Barrier' method for both gender's 

6. __ .. Plcsttc device medicnllv placed into uterus 

7. .._Combino1'ionof estroqen ond progestin, must be taken 

daily 

8.

168 


****Bonus 

-----~ 

''''uestions**** 

,_J.,""' __ ,". 

1) If a texting driver' is moking you nervous. what would you do? 

Describe three (3) ways to ge.t the driver' to stop texting. 

2) Name Santa's reindeer. (hint: one is Rudolph ©)

169 


Choose: CERVIX 

FALLOPIAN 

TUBES 

SEM][NAL VESSICI,Ji":S 

EI)IDIDYMUS 

VAGINA 

VAS DEFERENS

170 


HEALTH I 

Human Sexuality Test 

NAME. ..._. .. .. _ 

Period ..__.. . _ 

Directions 

This exam consists of Multiple Choice questions and (short-answer) questions. 

Please complete all questions. 

MULTIPLE CHOICE'-write in the letter' of the best choice. 

---------------------------------------------------------------------- .. 

1. The: only 100 percent sure way to prevent pregnancy is... 

a. Condoms 

b, Abstinence 

c. Oral contraceptives 

d. Ncrplcnt 

2. 

3. 

__ 

a. 

b. 

c. 

d. 

.. Depo-Provero 

Is an inject able.contrcceptive that needs to be given once every 12 

weeks 

Is implanted in a woman's arm and is effective for' three years 

Is tcken orcllv on Cl daily basis 

Is inser-ted into Il woman's vagina 

___ The only temporary method of birth control for merl is 

a. 

b. 

c. 

Condoms 

Vasectomy 

Stel'ilization 

d. Male birth control pills 

4. .. The point of per-suesion is ... 

a. To get someone "to do something he or she does not want to do 

b. To !-Jetsomeone "to volunteer' "1"0 help others. 

c. To ge,t someone to do their homework 

d. None (rf 'the: above 

5. You are at Il por+y ond an upperclcssmen says to you, "Hey baby, 

let's glO upstairs for some privacy." What is the best refuse] for this "line?" 

a. "I don't thini" that is such a great idea." 

b. 1\ Ummm...~/e.II...."

171 


c. "There is no way I am going upstairs with you. Leave me alone before 

I get r'E~QHycmgry!" 

d. All (rf the obove. 

________ 

6. Advertisers often lise sex and sexuality to sell products because ... 

a. Sex in advertising g~~tspeople's attention. 

b. Sex in cdver+isinq melkes people embcrrcssed, 

c. Sex in advertising decrecses sales. 

-----==d~. ---'-N--'-e::::....,v.:...::e:.-'.-.r', thf:'; Fl),,", has said "that using sexuclImcgeslncdvertisinç Is --- 

ille.gexL 

7. In relation to sexuality, music .." 

a. Often provides a platform for discussion of social topics like 

relationships, 

d/:Jlting, and break-ups. 

b. Allows for expressions of emotions end feelings that might otherwise 

be difficult 'fOI' people to express, 

c. May reflect o:chr..mge.in social norms or cctuclly chcnqe social norms 

d. All of the above. 

8. .. \lVhe:lt centreceptive (birth control) method prevents pregnancy, HIV 

trcnsmlssíon, Is endorsed by all major religions, and is free of cost? 

a. Spermicldnl foam 

b. Con1'!"C!ceptive. .sponge 

c. Orul centreceptive (birth control pill) 

d. Abstinence 

9. Ali of the 'following are related to good refusals except ... 

a. J~ecogniz¡ng o "line" when you hear' one. 

b. Pra:c:ticing refusals so they roll off your' tongue 

c. Usil1g body language ond tone of voice thot mctch yow' refusal 

d. Continuin9 to talk with someone who gives you CI. "line" because they 

QI"e populur' . 

10. All of the following ewe signs (rf CI. healthy relationship except ... 

a. Berth people respect 'the other/s right to say not 'to sexual activity 

b. Both encouruqe ecch other to become all that they are capable of 

becoming

172 


c. Each person in t'he relctionship has o "truly sepcrnte identity and they 

give. Clndreceive without losing their sepcrcteness. 

d. Feelings are not reken too seriously in the relationship and one 

par-tner decides the velue the other person has as person. 

PART II - SHOrRT ANSWER 

----------------------------------~-- ~ 

Please continue on to the next pari" on the next page. 

You need to answer 10 (Ten) questions of your! choice from the 

following. You may select any 10 questions to cnuswer o Be 

thorough, thoughtful and complete.

173 


Human Sexuality Quiz 

Health 1 Mr. MacFadden 

January 23, 2009 

Name --------------------------- Period ----- 

Multiple Choice 

____ 1. Which of the following statements about STDs is NOT correct? 

a) Each year in the United States, two-thirds of all reported cases of 

STDs occur in adolescents and young adults. 

b) Many STDs are curable and do not damage the body permanently if 

---------tre-ateEl-pf0illpt-l-y'---. --------------------------' 

c) STDs can be life-threatening or merely irritating diseases. 

d) With better knowledge and treatment, our STD epidemic is now under 

control and getting better every year. 

___ 

____ 

---- 

____ 

2. Which of the following is the most effective and .practical way to prevent the 

spread of STDs? 

a) Practice sexual abstinence 

b) Avoid blood transfusions 

c) Have frequent medical check-ups 

d) Avoid close relationships 

3. Which of the following is a correct statement about STDs? 

a) A common source of STD infections is animal bites. 

b) Babies born to infected mothers are usually disease-free. 

c) Common sources of STD infection include toilets and bed linens. 

d) With some STDs, the symptoms are periodic, leading infected people to 

think that they are disease-free when they are not. 

4. Behaviors that place individuals at higher risk for HIV infection include which of 

the following? 

I. Not knowing a sexual partner's history. 

II. Nat using a condom during sexual intercourse 

III. Open mouth kissing. 

a) I. b) I. and II. c) II and III d) I, II and III 

5. Which of the following in NOT true of a person diagnosed as HIV -positive? 

a) The person's blood contains HIV antibodies. 

b) The person most likely contracted HIV through a recent blood transfusion. 

c) The person should notify all previous sexual partners. 

d) The person should receive treatment and counseling.

174 


--- 

6. At which level ofT-cells in the blood is a person classified as having AIDS? 

a) 200/ml b) 400/ml c) 300/ml d) 500/ml 

--- 

7.Individuals that are infected with HIV have the potential to pass the virus on to 

someone else through which of the following? 

a) blood, semen, vaginal secretions, casual contact 

b) blood, sperm, vaginal secretions, breast mille 

c) blood transfusions, IV drug needles, mosquito bites 

d) blood, semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk 

------,8-.----~here-are-n0-kn0w-ll-eases-e>_f-HFV-heingiransm1tted-throu-gh-which-ofthwe?'----~ - 

a) perspiration c) breast-feeding 

b) sexual intercourse d) blood transfusions 

___ 

_._-- 

._-- 

9. When a man and a woman cannot produce children, they are referred to as what? 

a) sterile c) abstinate 

b) celibate d) infertile 

10. HPV or Human Papilloma Virus can cause which of the following? 

a) cold sores c) genital warts 

b) blindness d) both a and c are correct 

11. This form of contraception is NOT a barrier method, but it may look like one . 

A small 'T' shaped device is inserted into the uterus and inhibits fertilization. 

a) The Ring c) Female Condom 

b) Intrauterine or IUD d) Vasectomy 

. 12. The male organ that produces testosterone and sperm is called the ... ? 

a) testes c) penis 

b) prostate gland d) vas deferens 

___ 

___ 

--- 

13. What is it called at the moment when the egg and the sperm unite and life 

begins? 

a) birth 

b) implantation 

c) copulation 

d) conception 

14. What is the part of the female reproductive system that releases eggs? 

a) Ovum c) Ovary 

b) Fallopian Tubes d) Cervix 

15. The words in the abbreviation HIV stand for: 

a) Human Influenza Vaccine c) Human Immunodeficiency Virus 

b) Human Immunodestruet Virus d) Homosexual Immunodeficiency Virus

175 


--- 

___ 

16. The words in the abbreviation AIDS stand for: 

a) Auto Immune Deficiency Syndrome c) Acquired Immune Death Sentence 

b) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome d) Active Immunodeficiency State 

17. A person infected with HIV will always eventually die from what? 

a) Karposi's Sarcoma c) AIDS 

b) Opportunistic / simple infections d) Pneumonia 

True or False (write correct word in blank) 

------=======-1-8..-V1:ruses-Gan-€-fI@GtivßI-y-oe--tre-ateà-ancl-eurecl-w-ith-antibioties-. ------- 

___ 

--- 

--- 

--- 

-- 

--- 

___ 

19. The fastest growing STD is HIV. 

20. The most widespread (common) STD is Hepatitis. 

21. Women with Chlamydia often have no symptoms. 

22. Syphilis can be cured, but it can also lead to death ifuntreated. 

23. Shoulder to shoulder contact is in the RED zone of physical intimacy. 

24. In Vitro Fertilization is an alternative for couples that are infertile. 

25. There is no cure for Genital Herpes. 

___ 26. Having a vasectomy usually causes impotence (the inability to have sex). 

--- 

27. The definition of abstinence is refraining from sexual activity until marriage. 

Short Answer (more than required for extra credit) 

28-29. Name two of the four incurable STDs. 

----------------------,------------- 

----------_._--------~---_._-,----_._--------- 

30-31. What are two of the three main risks to pre-marital sexual activity? 

--------------- r._-.. ,,,. __.&'>. 

--'~._----_.__._-~,----------- 

_

176 


32-35. What are four of the six major categories of contraception? 

.------------------,---------------------------- 

-------------------------------------- --.------------------------ 

---------------,-------_._----~._- 

---------------------------- -----------_.,---, ----------------------- 

36-37. Which 2 specific forms of contraception offer at least some protection against STDs? 

(3 possible answers) 

--------~------,----------- 

._-----------_.. ---------------- 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- 

38-39. Name two of the key ideas that we discussed concerning setting boundaries for your 

physical intimacy. (more for extra credit) 

Extra Credit 

What form of contraception can you use along with a barrier method of contraception 

(diaphragm, female condom, etc ... ) to increase effectiveness? 

----------------------, -----_._~_. ._-,----------- 

----------------------,--- - - ----------- 

-------------------,- - - .- 

------------------------------------ ,--~--"--_.- -_._------- 

- -,----------_.,.- ------------

177 


~--...I 

.o ••• e •••••• e •••••••••••••• e ••••• aa ••• eBO •• 

Reviewing Health Concepts 

" 

I. Directions Match each definition in the left column with the correct term in the right column. 

Write the letter of the term in the space provided. 

1. student trained to help other students resolve conflicts 

2. sexual intercourse by force 

3. struggle within yourself 

4. respecting the privacy of both parties and keeping 

details secret 

.5. a person who commits a violent act against another 

6. intentional physical, emotional I sexual, and/or verbal 

maltreatment 

a. tolerance 

b. assailant 

..c. interpersonal conflict 

d. abuse 

e. peer mediator 

f. random violence 

g. internal conflict 

h. ralle 

í. 

confidentiality 

j. aggravated assault 

CHAPTER14 

(S¡~a5M" 

¡;¡a¥bk4~ 

Test (Continued) 

Il, Directions Place a plus rn in the space provided if the statement is true: Place a zero ,í::êj if the 

statement is false ... 

11. Anytime that two people have sexual intercourse and one persah does not want to 

participate, it is considered rape. 

12. Not feeling valued is an emotional warning sign of conflict. 

. 13. Armed robbery is an act of random violence. 

14. There is no point in negotiating if a disagreement isn't based on fact. 

15. The availability of weapons is one factor associated with violence . 

. 16. Doctors arc not required to report suspected cases of child abuse. 

17. If you want to quit taking piano lessons and your parents want you to continuel such a 

situation is a source of interpersonal conflict. 

18. When a conflict develops, it is important to respect another person's basic right to privacy. 

19. Males are never the victims of sexual abuse. 

20. The goal of negotiation is to show who is in control. 

III. Directions Match each term in the left column with the best definition in the right column. 

Write the letter of the best choice in the space provided. '- . v ,,' 

.21. aggravated assault 

22. conflict resolution 

.23 . conflict 

. 24.. homicide 

. 25:' negotiation 

26. escalate 

2.7. mediation 

. 28. assailant 

29. confidentiality 

, ~O. sexual assault 

a. grow into an unhealthful and unsafe situation 

b. the intentional killing of one person by another 

c. keeping the details secret 

d. any disagreement or struggle 

e. an intentional sexual attack 

f. a person who commits a violent act against 

another 

g. unlawful attack with the intent to hurt or kill 

h. a process using compromise to reach agreement 

í, ending 

a conflict by cooperating and problem 

solving 

j. a process in which specially trained people help 

others resolve conflicts

178 


31-50 Matching some choices will be used several times 

3 1. Rejection 

32.Making eye contact 

33. Generally feels responsible 

34. Demeaning 

35. Dominance 

36. Flirting 

37. Avoidance 

38. Detachment 

39. Empathy 

40. An attempt to achieve justice 

41. Being responsive 

42. Makes jokes, does not allow the discussion to get serious 

43. Has written or implied rules 

44.Spreading 

sexual rumors 

45. Does not feel good 

46. Loss of connectedness 

47. Using words to hurt and or gain control 

48. Anger that cause us to succeed or become better 

49. Behavior that damages and is based on a false belief that one is 

no good or worthless. 

50. Making a person feel like an animal or object.

• Ô •• " 

,'.;': 

179 


Human Sexuality 

What is it ? 

How do we learn about it ? 

1. Medía: examples - Music Videos, TV shows, Movies, Internet porn 

These sources almost always give us the most unrealistic, incorrect, warped information. 

2. Peer group is very unreliable. 

3.Solid positive information comes from well informed parents, 

and family members. 

4. Text books on the subject. 

5. Educational courses taught at colleges. Gee you get to study something you wonder your 

whole life about, 

that i is really useful, and you will apply in your actual 

life, and you get credit for it . MAKES SENSE TO ME (What is the double standard). 

RELATIONSHIPS 

Immature Relationship characteristics Mature Relationship Characteristics 

1: controlling' Friendship based ': best thing 

2. testing trusting 

3. Smothering sharing 

4:abusive (physical & or abusive) , patient 

, ' 

, 5.JEAOUSLY caring - compromising' 

6. SEX BASED Non sex,based 

, IS IT LUST OR IS IT LOVE rrrn 

What is lust ? ----------~------~~--~--~~--~~----~~~--~ 

, ' 

: 0,. " .,.,' ,,', . , 

.. '. . . " 

... 

", 

. ' 

.' , . 

. 

. . . 

,. 

.ÓÓ; 

, . 

. ,." 

. .. ' 

,.:',. 

" : 

" 

~ '. 

' •• o,, 

.

" 

180 


S.T.D. or S.T.D •.Epidemic 

Why does it continue ??????????????????????? 

l. Parents need to educate their children. SEX EDUCATION BELONGS IN THE HOME! 

.2. Attitudes 1. It can't haPl!en to me 2. It's not my responsibility HEY GROW UPI 

That's an excuse to be selfish 

3. Misinformation = Peer group 

4. Ignorance 

, , 

, ' 

.,',' " 

-, : 

r ' ,.,', " 

" '. 

. .... , 

" . ,', 

, . 

" ," . , , 

. 

: " 

I. , • l"" " 

',. " 

'. " 

, ' " 

, " 

. " ,', 

'. ". 

"

181 


Human Sexuality and S.T.D. Unit Test 

Name .. --'- _ 

Period. __ 

A Multiple Choice A 'Matching 

1._ 

2._ 

1._" 

2. 

_ 

3._ 

4._ 

5._ 

6._ 

7._ 

8._ 

9._ 

10._ 

B Multiple Choice 

1._ 

2._ 

3._ 

4._ 

5,_ 

6._ 

7._ 

8._ 

9._ 

3._ 

4._ 

5._ 

6._ 

7._ 

8._ 

9._ 

10._ 

B Matching 

1._ 

2._ 

3._ 

4._ 

5._ 

6._ 

7._ 

8,_ 

9._ 

10._ 

TURN .oVER AND CONTINUE! 

10._

182 


WRITE OR PRINT NEATLY II!!! II II II!!!!! II!I!!!! II!!!! Il II!!!!I! 

List the 3 of the four main stages of Acquaintance 

Rape 

1, ~ ----------~ 

2, -~--------~---------------------------------~ 

3. __ 

WRITE OR PRINTNEATL Y nununnnuunnnun 

I!!!!!!!!!!!! !I! 

List 3 things a person can do to protect themselves against date rape, 

4, _ 

5. _ 

6. _ 

List 2 facts about SEXUALASSAULT 

7._· ~ ----~.-. __ 

8, ~ _ 

What determines the difference between flirting and sexual harassment? two words 

9., _ 

10, _

• ~ ~!" 

183 


~,'-. . .. \ 

A 

1. 

The ability of the immune system to fight pathogens decreases when HIV infects and destroys 

a. B cells . c. antibodies 

b. T-helper cells d. brain cells 

2. A person is at high-risk for HIV infection if he or she 

a. swims with someone who is infected 

b. is bitten by a mosquito that has bitten an HIV-infected person 

c. is sneezed on by an HIV-infected person 

d. uses the same needle used by another person 

3. The first test performed to screen for HIV antibodies is the 

a. Western blot test c. ELISA 

b. IFA d.RIA 

___________ 

'------'4=::,,'---A=--=--=fu=n,gal 

infection that may cause meningitis or a form of pneumonía and ísassoctated ---' 

with AIDS 

a. tuberculosis c. cryptococcosís 

b. mycobacterium avium complex d. toxoplasmosis gondii 

5, A protozoal infection that can cause encephalitis and is characterized by an altered mental 

state, paralysis, seizures, and coma 

a. tuberculosis c. cryptococcosis 

b, myèobacterium avium complex d. toxoplasmosis gondíí 

6. A progressive disorder in which brain tissue is destroyed, formerly known as AIDS 

dementia complex 

a. AIDS-related cognitive motor dysfunction 

b. pneumocystís carinii pneumonia 

c. cytomegalovirus 

d. peripheral nerve/spinal cord dysfunction 

7. A viral infection with symptoms that include blurry vision, lesions in the esophagus, fever, 

and abdominal pain 

a. AIDS-related cognitive motor dysfunction 

b. pneumocystitis carinii pneumonia 

c. cytomegalovirus 

d. peripheral nerve/spinal cord dysfunction 

8. Which of the following sexual practices is NOT a high-risk behavior for HIV infection? 

a. abstinence from sex c. having sex while infected with an STD 

b. dating someone who is sexually active d. dating someone who uses drugs 

9. A person infected with HIV will almost always • 

a. have symptoms after two months c. show signs of HIV infection 

b. develop AIDS d. recover with medication 

10. Efforts to treat and prevent HIV do NOT include 

. a. research on medical treatments cgívíng AZTto pregnant women 

b. attacking the virus as soon as possible d. the immune system becoming overwhelmed 

the virus

184 


J 

, 

l. The stage during which syphilis begins to attack the heart, blood vessels, and central 

B 

nervous system is the 

a. primary stage c.latent stage 

b. secondary stage d.. neurosyphillis stage 

2. STDs are considered to be an epidemic in the U.S, because they are infectious and they 

a. spread rapidly c. are preventable 

b. spread silently d. affect a large population 

: 

¡ 

i 

i 

o 

o 

, 

i 

3. 

If left untreated, both chlamydia and trichomoniasis can lead to 

a. nongonoccocal urethritis c. genital warts 

b. gonorrhea d. chanchroid 

4:: Teem WhO are sexually active have a high risk for contracting an STD because they are 

likely to 

a. commit to a single relationship c. engage in protected sex 

h. have more than one sexual partner d. select lower-risk partners 

5. A virus that is spread through sexual contact or contact with infected blood and that 

attacks the liver causes 

a, genital herpes 

c. hepatitis B 

b. HIV 

d. genital warts 

; 6. Which of the following statements is NOT true of STDs? 

K. All STDs can be easily cleared up with antibiotics, 

il. A person can get an STD from his or her first sexual experience, 

c. A person can have more than one kind of STD infection at a time, 

, 

:d. Some SID.s are incurable. 

7; A painful infection of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and/or uterus is 

E.. pelvic inflammatory disease c, vaginal warts 

b.' gonorrhea 

d. chlamydia 

í g, The rates of STD infection have decreased over the past several years because more teens 

are learning about STDs and are 

a, more intelligent 

b. having frequent checkups 

c. practicing abstinence 

d.notdating 

9. An example of an STD that cannot be treated with antibiotics is 

a. genital warts c. syphilis 

il, gonorrhea 

d. chancroid 

IC, STDsare often referred to as the "silent epidemic" because 

a. many myths ap.d misconceptions surround STDs 

b. people are embarrassed to discuss STDs 

c. a person may be infected and have no symptoms 

_ d. an infeÇ!~fL:ø~.~gJ.1l_§!ULh,ª.~ª"I:LSIP_.~Y..~I~._ª.f.1:~L§w.mPru.U{.Q._ªyvaX __, ..__ _.. .._ _ " ,··..·..·.. . 

:' 

.r'-,'· 

. '

•• ,".,,, , ••••• ,~ , " .. "" ••.•. " , ." ., ,,"""- .,.",., , ", •• '0.' -. . - , -.- ~ •••• -- '~," •• ~'''~~~,., ., •• - "" .". ", - "' . 

185 


Match each term in the left column with the best definition in the right column. 

Write the letter of the best choice in the space provided. 

1-\ 

'B 

. 21. syphilis 

22. gonorrhea 

23. epidemic 

_·24. nongonococcal urethritis 

_ 25. sexually transmitted 

(STDs) 

26. trichomoniasis 

27. genital herpes 

. 28.. vaginitis 

29. genital warts 

30. chlamydia 

diseases 

nz -Zi:···acquliëdImmuñ·e"defl·ëiéüëy ..-"·_··,,· 

a. blisterlike sores in the genital area 

b. pink or reddish warts with cauliflowerlike tops 

.fhat appear on the genitals 

c. infectious diseases spread from person to person 

through sexual contact 

d. an infection caused by a bacterium that affects 

the vagina in females and the urethra in males 

e. a common inflammation of the female genitals 

f. an STD that attacks many parts of the body and 

is caused by a small bacterium called a spirochete 

g. an outbreaKüf an inrecrious â:isease fnataffects 

a large population 

h. an infection caused by several different kinds of 

bacteria-like organisms that infect the urethra in 

males and the cervix in females 

í. a vaginal infection that can lead to urethra and 

bladder infections 

j. an STD caused by bacteria that affect the genital 

mucous membrane, primarily in the lining of 

the urethra of the male and in the cervix and 

vagina of the female 

__····;: i;;fi~;:¡~~ti~'~'''~ithe coverings of the brain 

syndrome . 

b. drugs that are injected into the veins 

22. human immuno-deficiency virus 

c. a virus that attacks the body's immune system 

23. intravenous drugs 

d. a highly accurate test used to confirm the 

24. antibodies results of a reactive 'EIA 

25. HIV-reactive e. a stage when the virus is present but not active 

26. ELISA 

27. confirmatory test 

2&. latency 

29. AIDS-opportunistic diseases 

.30. meningitis 

f. HIV infection combined with severe immune 

deficiency 

g. proteins that help destroy pathogens that enter 

the body .. 

h. the first test used to screen for the presence of 

HIV antibodies in the blood 

i. infections and other diseases caused by 

organisms that do not usually produce illness in 

healthy people with unimpaired immune 

systems 

j. infected with HIV 

I'.

186 


WRITE OR PRINT NEATLY !!!!!!!!!!H!!!!!!I!!!!I!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 

List the 3 of the four main stages of Acquaintance 

Rape 

1. ~----~ __ ---- __ ---- __ ~~~ __ -- __ --~~------- 

2. 

"~~: 

___ 

3. ___ 

WRITE OR PRINT NEATLY! !!!!!! !! !! !!! !! ! !! !! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! !n! !! ! ! ! 

List 3 things a person can do to protect 

themselves against date rape. 

4., __ 

5, _ 

6. _ 

List 2 facts about SEXUALASSAULT 

7.,_· ~----~-------- ~ __ 

K 

'----~----------~--------------------------------~----------- 

What determines the difference between flirting and sexual harassment? two words 

9. _ 

10., __

187 


., 

. ~ 

Human Sexuality and S.T.D. Unit Test 

Name. 

Period. 

-- 

.. 

A 

Multiple Choice 

.- 

A Matching 

1. - 

1; - 

2. - 

3. - 

4. - 

5. - 

6. - 

7. - 

8. - 

9. - 

10. - 

B Multiple Choice 

2. .- 

3. - 

4. - 

5. - 

6. - 

7. - 

8. - 

9. - 

10. - 

B Matching 

""- ,;¿~.~ 

1._ 

2._ 

3._ 

4._ 

5._ 

6._ 

7._ 

8._ 

9._ 

1. - 

2. - 

3. - 

4. - 

5. - 

6. - 

7. - 

8. - 

9. - 

10._ 

TURN OVER AND CO'NTINUE! 

10. -

188 


UNION ENDICOTT CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT 

11111 li 111I F?Ii lillIII! 

Christopher J. Schmidt 

Public Information Coordinator 

Union-Endicott Central School District 

607.757.2160 (Office) 607-239.7998 (Cell) 

cschmidt@uegw.stier.org 

April 26, 2011 

Ms. Alexis Karteron, Esq. 

New York Civil Liberties Union 

125 Broad Street, 19 th Floor 

New York, NY 10004 

--~ ~~-~ -RE-;-F81I::-request-for-information-aboot-l:Jnion;:;Endicott-ee-ntral-5"chuol-lJtstrtct sexua I ea ucatio n 

Dear Ms. Karteron: 

Enclosed are the existing documents you requested with a Freedom of Information Law letter 

dated February 28, 2011. 

Sincerely, 

dt-: J. Ab- 

Christopher J. Schmidt 

Public Information Coordinator

189 


'.;.;/" 

l)NION-ENOICOTT CSO CURRICULUM MAP WORKSHEET 

Please not~ the position this work 

should occupy in the progression 

ofthemaPI: 

SUBJECT AREA: Health Education GRADE LEVEL: 7 

TIME 

4 weeks 

TOPIC 

Disease and Prevention 

Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases 

Subtopics: 

Disease Prevention and Control 

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STO's) 

Pub:"'-"¡'-'-'.L~~~~ 

LST 

~ 

;o 

(\ 

V\, 

~ 

f"\J 

_. -------------,------- 

Placement in the ( I 

Dec/May ......., I 

..- 

• How does th ¡::;;;;- \ ,\' ~ 

• How does th ~.:S t:L.. 

g disease? ~ 

• What are sal ~ ~ 

and the path '" 

• How are can: f.·... 5r....."" • 

person to an • s:=- 

• What are sor 

communicab ~ V\ 

• How can con -~ 

• What are SeÅ~ Jé:tll~rrm(t::e L11~t::ä:st::~ t-=> IUlS) [ 

• What are the causes of STO's? 

• What is the mode of transmis~ion of STO's? 

• Wha.t is the treatment for STds and where can a 

person go to receive this treaftnent? 

• What can a person do to prevent STO's? 

• How can practicin~ abstinenCf and avoiding illega!. 

drug use help prevent the sprrad of STO's? 

• What are some non-communicable diseases and 

what are they caused by? I . 

• What are symptoms, treatment and prevention of 

some non-communicable dis~ases? 

• What changes occur during puberty? 

• What is the function of the endocrlne system with 

respect to puberty? 

I 

• What is the structur.e and. fun.ctlon of the male and 

female reoroductive systerns'î]

190 


UNION-IENDICOTT eso CURRICULUM MAP WORKSHEET 

Please no~e the position this work 

should oceupy in the progression 

of the ma~: 

SUBJECT AREA: Health Education GRADE LEVEL: 7 

• What is the role of the malelfemale in human 

reproduction? . I 

• What are the responsibilities of becoming a parent? 

• What are sorneoccupations "at deal with disease 

prevention and control? I 

• What are some careers associated with 

reproductíonj; 

KNOWLEDGE 

To Understand ... 

• The body's first line of defense against disease is your skin, 

tears, saliva, urine, mucous membranes, bleeding and 

sense of pain . 

• The immune system defends against disease by producing 

white blood cells to fight infection, and building up 

antibodies to destroy 

• invaders in the blood stream 

• Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens such as 

a virus (common cold), bacteria (strep throat), fungus 

(athlete'sfoot), rickettsia (rocky mountain spotted fever), 

parasite (intestinal worms) 

• Communicable diseases are spread through direct contact, 

alrbome.. sexual contact, vectors such as animals and 

insects, and fomites, which are inanimate objects. 

• Symptoms of communicable diseases can include 

infections, body secretions, coughing, sneezing, sore 

throat, 'fever, etc. 

S~LLS 

Students will: . ~ 

• identify body defenses again t disease 

• describe the body's methods sed to fight disease 

• list commo..n c~mmunica. ble

191 


UNION-ENDICOTT CSD CURRICULUM MAP WORKSHEET 

Please notb the position this work 

should OC¢upy in the progression 

I 

of the map~ 

SUBJECT AREA: Health Education GRADE LEVEL: 

7 

• Some treatments of communicable disease include 

antibiotics (bacterial infections), or treatment of the 

symptoms involved 

• Prevention of communicable diseases includes washing 

your hands, avoid direct contact with an infected person, 

avoid bites from animals or insects, avoid contact with 

contaminated objects 

• Sexually transmitted diseases are communicable diseases 

spread by sexual intercourse, blood to blood contact, 

sharing of IV drug needles, or passed from the mother to 

child through pregnancy or breast feeding 

• There are over 20 STO's. Some common STO's include 

Chlamydia, Herpes, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, AIDS, Genital 

Warts, Pubic Lice, and NGU 

.Symptoms of STO's include burning when urinating, 

unusual bleeding or discharge, pelvic pain, sores or warts 

in the genital area, flu-like symptoms, chancre, rash, etc. 

• Treatment of STO's can be antibiotics for some such as 

Gonorrhea and Syphilis. Others such as AIDS and Herpes 

have 

• no cure, and can only be treated for the symptoms. 

Treatment can be through personal physician, health clinic, 

and hospital or walk-in treatment facilities. 

• Prevention alf STO's include avoiding direct contact with an 

infected person, having a lifelong monogamous 

relationship, using protection during intercourse, and 

limiting sexual partners. 

• Abstinence and avoiding illegal drug use can reduce the 

risk of acquiring and sexually transmitted disease. 

• Non-communicable diseases include some hereditary 

diseases and environmental diseases such as cancer, 

heart disease, diabetes, progeria, sickle cell anemia, 

• recognize Ch.an.ges th.at occurf¡during p,uberty. due to 

the hormones produced by the endocrine system 

• identify the parts of the male/1emale reproductive 

systems and their functions I 

• discuss the role of the male/female in the production 

of offspring and the responsltñlities that go along with 

becoming a parent

192 


UNION-ENDICOTT CSD CURRICULUM MAP WORKSHEET 

Please notr the position this work 

should occupy in the progression 

I 

of the map¡ 

I 

SUBJECT AREA: Health Education GRADE LEVEL: 

7 

rickets, scurvy, 

etc. 

• Non-çommunicable diseases can be treated with the proper 

diagnosis and regimen of medications and change in 

lifestyle 

• Non-communicable diseases are prevented through proper 

nutrition, exercise, avoiding drugs, alcohol and tobacco, 

reducing stress, and early detection of hereditary diseases. 

• Changes that occur during puberty include production of 

hormones such as estrogen and progesterone that trigger 

secondary sex characteristics 

• the role of the male and female reproductive systems is to 

• produce offspring 

• Some occupations that deal with disease prevention and 

control are medical personnel such as endocrinologist, 

doctor, nurse, etc. 

• Some occupations that deal with reproduction are OBGYN, 

parents, and other health care professionals. 

STANDARD KEY IDEA PERFORMANCE INDICATOR 

1. Personal Health and Fitness 

2. A safe and healthy environment 

3. Resource Management 

Paragraph 1 (pg.2) 

Paragraph 1 (pg. 10) 

Paragraph 1 (pg. 14) 

1.1 

1.2 

1.3 

1.4 

2·11 

2.Q 

I 

2.6 

3.1 

3.2 

3.3 

3.4 

3.5 

3.6

193 


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MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY 

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i'l' 

Meeks Heit Publishing Company 

Editorial, Saks, and Customer Service Office 

P.O. Box121 

Blacklick, OH 43004 

(614) 759-7780 

Director of Editorial: Julie DeVillers 

Art Direction and Design: Mary Geer 

Director of Art and Design: Jim Brower 

1------IllllstI·atiQn:-Dmæ-O-de"'"'ll~------ 

Photography: Lew Lause 

Production Assistants: Bessie Chun, Deborah Rubenstein 

Director of Marketing: David Willcox 

Copyright 1997 by Meeks Heit Publishing 

Company, Inc. 

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval 

system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, 

recording, or otherwise, without the proper written permission of the publisher. 

The Teen's Guide to First Aid outlines emergency care procedures that reflect the standard of 

knowledge and accepted emergency practices in the United States at the time this book was 

published. It is the teacher's responsibility to stay informed of changes in emergency care 

procedures in order to teach current accepted practices. The teacher also may 

recommerid that students gain complete, comprehensive training from courses offered 

by The American Red Cross. 

Printed in the United States of America 

2 345 67 89 10 999897 

Library of Congress Catalog Number: 96-097034 

ISBN: 1-886693-12-9 

t._ 

------------~----------............

202 


3/22/2011 

r-------- --~~---- 

PUBERT 

r:6werpO¡ nt 

lat make PUBERTY 

rtable to talk about 

:ssroom ... 

_.P~Se.~tø.1îöns 

-----I----~-- 

Ground Rules: 

~Be Mature. 

~Be Respectful. 

~No Personal Questions. 

Introduction to Puberty 

~3 Periods of Rapid Change in 

our bodies: 

~a. Conception to Birth 

~b. Birth to First Year 

~c. Puberty (beginning of the 

period of growing and 

changing from a child to an 

adult) 

What is Puberty? 

~The stage of life in which 

the reproductive system 

matures and secondary sex 

characteristics appear. 

(Features of masculinity and 

femininity) 

How does Puberty happen? 

~The pituitary gland sends 

out hormone messages to 

certain parts of the body to 

tell them to change. 

äUIIl\IllHQ. 

¡.uultary 

Ghmd 

l'illoolGlllnd 

BtalnStem 

,d 

1

203 


3/22/2011 

How Old are girls and boys when 

What happens to your body during 

they go through Puberty? Puberty??? 

»Glrls are between the ages Males: 

of 9 and 16. - Acne, Perspiration, Underarm 

~Boys are between the ages hair, Taller, Shoulders and 

of 10 and 16. Chest broaden, Muscles get 

----I-~ "k"l( Everyone-El9an§es-at-rheif- ßjgg~, Voice dee Rens,~R-=e-,--,rm-"--'----_' ----i 

own rate= Pr~duction, Moody, and Pubic 

hair 

~Females: 

-Acne, Perspiration, 

Underarm hair, Grow taller, 

Breast develop, Hips widen, 

Voice changes, 

Menstruation (period), Pubic 

Hair, Moody 

2

204 


3/22/2011 

STD'S are: 

• Sexually Transmi tted Diseases are 

infectious 

person 

and can spread from 

to person. 

• STD's are also called Sexually Transmitted 

Infections (STI' S). 

• Facts: 

-STO's can affect men and women of 

all ages and backgrounds who are 

engaging in sexual activity (Anyone 

can get an STO!). 

• Some STD's can stay in a person's body 

forever (STD's caused by a virus). 

• If untreated, some STD's can cause 

permanent damage, such as infertility (the 

inability to have a baby) and even death 

(HIV/ AIDS). 

Vocabulary: 

• Some STD's are Chlamydia, Herpes, Genital 

Warts (HPV), Gonorrhea, Syphilis, 

Hepatitis B, and HIV/ AIDS. 

Abstinence!!! 

• Abstinence- Choosing not to be 

sexually active 

• Sterile-Unable to produce children- ex: 

scarred fallopian tubes 

• Incubation- Time it takes for symptoms 

to appear once infected 

1

205 


3/22/2011 

_______ 

eTransmission- 

passed from one person 

The way a disease is 

to another 

e Diagnosis- Determining what the 

disease is based on symptoms 

,__ ----=E ... x""am=12le: blood test 

• 

eH-Human 

e I-Immunodeficiency 

e V-Virus 

• A-Acquired 

·I-Immune 

• D- Deficiency 

• S- Syndrome 

Four Body Fluids Can Transmit 

eBlood 

eSemen 

eVaginal Secretions 

eBreast Milk (in some cases) 

HIV: 

eTa be diagnosed with AIDS: 

e - Less than 200 T-cells 

eOR 

e - Opportunistic Infection 

Remember ... 

ePracticingABSTINENCE is the 

only 100% guaranteed way to 

prevent unwanted pregnancies and 

Sexually Transmitted Diseases!!! 

2

206 


NaDle Date Due - 

/ 

Sî-udent\e· .... · ~.. 

I 

-----'--------~ ..··liai'ldOllt S tt1t~e--~-!. 

J o 

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System

207 


huJtS.

208 


'.. 

Introduction to Puberty 

'Dir~ctÎons: Write in information about the following topics during the presentation, 

. ' 

...... ~ 

". 

1. 3 Periods of Rapid Change in our Bodies 

a, 

b . 

c. 

2. What is puberty? 

3. How does puberty happen? 

4. Howald are boys and girls when they go through puberty? 

5. What happens to your body during puberty? 

MALE 

FEMALE 

" 

r 

., 

L

209 


Name: 

__ 

~ 

How much did you learn from the video You, Your Body and Puberty about the changes 

that happen during puberty? To find out, read eacb statementbelow. Circle "T" for "true" 

or "F" for "false." 

1. The changes caused by puberty are only physical. T F 

2. Generally speaking, girls begin puberty before boys. T F 

3. 

Mood swings and increased appetite are two changes that can 

happen during puberty. 

T 

F 

4. All boys and girls begin puberty at age 9. T F 

5. 

Chemicals in the body called "perspiration" 

cbanges that happen during puberty. 

control the 

T 

F 

," 

6. 

In boys, testosterone causes the vocal cords to thicken, which 

makes the voice deeper. 

T 

F 

7. The maje reproductive cells are called "sperm." T F 

8. 

In girls, the hormones estrogen and progesterone 

menstruation to begin. 

cause 

T 

F 

9. 

About once a month, the lining of the uterus is shed during a 

girl's menstruation. 

T 

F 

10. ' The menstrual period bappens every three to eight days. T F 

11. Washing your face at least five times a day will prevent acne. T F 

12. Eating greasy foods cannot cause pimples. T F 

.1 

ëJ 

I 

HUMAN RELATIONS MEDIA You, YOUR BODY AND PUBERTY ¡

210 


\~;. 

l~ 

Name -..,..- ----' Date _ 

PUBERTY IN FEMALES (SE-l) 

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211 


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PUBERTY INMALES 

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Name Date _ 

FEMALE .REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DIAGRAM (SE-6) 

-----------------~--~----/'------~~~~-;~~-~~---~~==-~~~~~~ 

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MALE REPRODUCTIVE 

Date _------- 

SYSTEM DIAGRAM (SE-lO) 

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ANATOMY CHALLENGE (SE-13) 

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END:OCRINE FUNCTIONS 

(SE-3) 

DIRECTIONS: Label the parts of the Endocrine System and match each gland to its 

function by placing the correct letter in the blank.' 

___ 

___ 

III 

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E-< 

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Ol 

Ol a. 

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1. thyroid •.gland 

2. pineal gland 

___ 3. adrenal glands 

___ 4. pituitary gland 

___ 

--- 

--- 

___ 

5. pancreas 

6. ovaries 

7. testes 

8. parathyroids 

___ 9. thymus gland 

secretes a digestive juice and 

produces insulin 

b. located near the heart and may 

play an important role in the 

immune system 

c. produces thyroxine 

d. master gland tha:t has many 

regulatory functions 

e. four small glands that regulate 

calcium and phosphorus 

f. located in the brain and may have 

to do with sexual development 

g. produces testosterone and 

sperm cells 

h. located at the top of each kidney 

and secretes steroid hormones 

1. produces egg cells, estrogen, and 

progesterone 

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__ 

ALL ASOUT MENSTRUATION 

>- Girls have two ovaries that produce eggs. Eggs are the female 

reproductive cells. 

~'.·Y 

>- About once a month, an egg is released from one of the ovaries. Near 

each ovary is a fallopian tube that carries the released egg to the uterus. 

>- 

---------arrival~ofthe~egg. 

The inside wall of the uterus thickens each month, preparing itself for the 

>- If the egg meets a sperm, it becomes fertilized and embeds itself into the 

wall of the uterus. The fertilized egg becomes an embryo and later, a 

fetus. After growing for nine months, the fetus leaves its mother's body 

through the vagina. This is called birth. 

>- If the egg doesn't become fertilized, it passes out of the body through the 

vagina, along with the fluid lining of the uterus. This is called 

menstruation or the menstrual period. 

>- A menstrual period lasts anywhere from three to eight days each month 

until a woman reaches about 50 years old. 

>- Women who are pregnant do not have menstrual periods. 

>- For most girls, less than a half cup of blood is lost during an entire period. 

To keep the blood from making a mess, a girl wears a pad, which sticks to 

her underwear, or a tampon, which is inserted into the vagina. 

~ Once a girl starts having periods, it may take her body some time to get on 

a schedule. She may skip one or more periods during the first year. 

~~ 

O'v"a(r;~ 

ov"anr 

~tf 

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G 

\ :..-H_U_M_A_I_'i 

source: 

www.kotex.com/infoiperiod/analOl11)·.asp 

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217 


Name 

Date 

_ 

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THE ~1ENSTRUAL CYCLE (SE..8) 

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DURING MENSTRUATION 

Days 1-5: 

Menstruation occurs and the lining of 

the uterus, with a small amount of 

blood, leaves the body. At this time 

another egg is maturing in the ovary, 

Days 6~15: 

The lining of the uterus repairs itself 

and once again prepares for a fertilized 

egg. Around days 13 to 15 an egg 

is released from an ovary. This is 

called OVULATION, 

BEFORE MENSTRUATION: 

Days16-28: 

If the egg is fertilized by the male 

sperm-cell, it embeds itself in the 

wan of the uterus. If the egg is not 

fertilized, the blood vessels in the 

wall of the' uterus shrink and break 

down, Then menstruation begins 

again. 

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218 


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Reproduction & Birth Notes." ... ,"'. ,. 

.. ,:~:-':'?; .,'j;,; -~ '(:;"',~,:"::~" 

MenStrual Cycle Average is 28 days, Normal range 21- 3Sdays. ' , 

Day l - First day of period ';':. "00:.' '... '0 • :.0. '. 

Day 1-14 - 'legg foUicleismatUrin:g~Estr~ógenQluses 'uterineUning to thicken. 

Day 14 - Ovuiation (actuaiiy is 14 days before, next period begins) 

- EggfoUicle bursts releasing egg intôfallopiantube. 

- Most fertile period . '. 

Day 14-28 - 'FbUicle beComês;(jor·inis LuteuPl Whiéhseeretesprogesterone causing 

_ ~--,----__ ~ utediudining_t(Lthicken_furtheI'. . . '. ,'o' ' . 

L\:" 

*If.egg is not fértilized, estrogen & progesterone decrease and uterine ,lining is shed 

in menstruation. ..,.0 tr 'f ':,' {~t'" . .' 

**If egg is .fertilized and implants itself in uterus, it release another hormone"HCG, 

which-helps maintain the uterine lining. BCG is what pregnancy tests test for. 

Eggs are viable for 2448hours. 

Sperm can live â-S days. 

f~ 

Sex without contraception will result in pregnancy in 85% of couples over 1 year. 

Conception -Union of sperm &egg. Also called fertilization. Takes place in 

fallopian tube. 

\ 

Placenta - Organ that develops in the uterus 12 days afterconception,providing 

nutrients to fetus and eliminating waste. 

- Filters .~bacteriaand 'other substances. 

- Alcdhól &. :mauy ,other ,drugs eae.cressptaceuta. 

- LaterwiUbecaUed the "afterbirth" 

Umbilica.l cord - Rope::-like structure attaching baby to placenta. 

Amniotic sac - Thin membrane filled with fluid in which the baby floats. 

Amniocëntesis - Test in which a needle withdraws a sample of the amniotic fluid 

.and-eellsfrom the baby are tested for .any genetic abnormalities. 

(-) 

Signs of Pregnancy 

- tender breasts 

- morning sickness 

- absence of period 

- fatigue 

- presence of HCG in urine (preguaacy test) 

, ....,

'i, 

219 


, 

.. ,..' 

FetaLDevêlo.pment ,";:Takes a,p,proximately 9 months ør 40 weeks .. ' ."",""", """ 

Zygote, -' fettilized.egg;::'~·:,:N't:i \t\~i",,,,' ,:.i,fN,n:H'" "'"".,, ..,; ,f .'.."" . 

Blastocyst -ball'ofeellsthat im.plants itself in uterUs.. 

Embryo -, Na,me,.~órdevelopingba1Jyduringtbe.ñrst 8 weeks. , 

• 

Fetus ~'Name.'fôr!Ø~élöp~JIgt~~~Y.!~~.~~·~~ks.ntilb~rtlL 

: .: •. ;. ,;:::,1::>'(~-';i\}:.

220 


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Name 

'Date 

_ 

SI;GNS OfPR.BGNANiCY 

(SiE-17) 

DIRECTIONS: 

Choose the hest answer from the 

list below and fill in the blanks. 

__ SlGNS_O~~::V""",,--,,S,,--Wl_'l_l_b_e _u_se_d_o_n_lY_o_n_c_e· ~t~= ...!¡¡~:..~.·.~·· _-_.l--=-----------J,!t>------ 

1. Period is or missed. 

2. Abnormal period, lighter or _ than usual. 

3. Breast _------""'------- or fullness. 

4. Nausea and sometimes _ 

5. Changes in _ 

6. Frequent _ 

7. Fatigue or _ 

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221 


'Name -,. Date --------~------ 

DEVElJOPMENT OF' THE EM·BRYOAND FETUS (SE-18) 

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Oalled an EMBRYO 

Heartbeat 

Brain forming 

1/4 inch long 

Lungs forming 

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Fingers, toes 

Ears 

Skin forming 

8 

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8WEEKS 

1-1/2 inches long 

1/30 of an ounce 

All organs have 

begun to develop 

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. . '. -: 

. '~b!. v . 

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, '- ' 

, j.... 

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12WEEKS 

Now called a FETUS 

Movement felt 

3 inches long 

Can swallow 

8 

~ 

R.£CTUM. 

Q 

o 

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7~9pounds 

r 

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9MONTHS 

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23 

~ ...._- 

_ _ .

222 


Name: 

~ MATcH=lJp 

Write the letter of the correct definition next to each term. 

1. rmhertv A. chemicals released by the brain that control the 

r - 

" 

changes caused by puberty 

2. genitals 

B. the male reproductive glands 

3. hormones C. a set of physical changes that happen to boys and 

girls-startiag-areun d-ags-S 

4. pituitary 

D. made when sperm mix with fluids 

5. testes E. the male reproductive cell 

6. ovanes F. hormone that causes girls to develop sexually . 

G. the male and female reproductive organs that are 

-- 7. testosterone 

on the outside of the body 

-- 

8. estrogen H. tube inside the penis that carries urine and semen 

-- 9. scrotum 

outside the body 

I. carries an egg from the ovary to the uterus 

-- 

10. sperm J. unborn baby as it grows in the uterus 

11. egg / ovum K. muscular organ that holds the fetus and pushes it 

-- 

out of the body during childbirth 

-- 12. urethra 

L. happens when muscles around the male genitals 

13. semen 

cause semen to leave the penis 

-- 

M. the passage that leads from the uterus to the 

-- 14. ejaculation outside of the body 

15. fallopian tube N. gland near the brain that releases hormones into 

-- 

the body 

-- 16. fetus 

O. the female reproductive glands 

-- 17. uterus / womb P. a pouch of skin that holds the testicles 

Q. 

18. vagma 

the female reproductive cell 

-- 

R. a monthly discharge of fluid from the uterus in 

-- 

19. menstruation girls and women who are not pregnant 

-- 

20. acne S. happens when oil and dirt back up ill the pores 

and bacteria begins to grow 

T. hormone that causes boys to develop sexually 

Tf/henyou havefinished, 

please consult the Answer Key 0/1 the next page. 

t 

IHuMAN 

RELATIONS MEDIi-, iii YOL:o YOUR BODY AI\lD !='UBERTy"l 

7

223 


Name: 

_ 

period: -- 

-~Sexuat-I~-- 

Transmitted 

Diseases: What you 

Need TO Know ... 

I'm ready 

to infect!

224 


Vocabulary 

Î. Abstinence- 

2.Sterile- 

3.lncubation- 

4. Transmissions. 

Diagnos~s-

225 


STD'S- Notes 

STD's are: 

Facts: 

I 

' 

_,':1." 

;(--- 

¡o!>Y 

. fl

226 


;SexuallyTraosmitted ·~ectioas 

, , . 

,,',Test What YouK.now 

1. How are STIs transmitted? 

2. Which STIs are NOT curable? _ 

3. Which STI has these symptoms: Can cause infertility, caused by a 

bacteria, most people (especially women) do not have symptoms? : 

I 

' 

4. Which, STI has these symptoms: Has 3 stages, 1st sign is a chancre 

sore, caused by a bacteria, can lead to damage of the brain and nervous 

system? " 

5. Which STI has these symptoms: Causes genital warts I can cause 

cancer? 

6. Which STI, h~s these symptomsr painful sores or blisters, caused by 

Cl virus? 

7. Your risk of getting an STI is dete~~ined by: 

A. Where you live C. Your behavior 

B. Your race D. Poor nutrition

---- 

227 


:'i:~.,,,,,:~.'. '"'' '~,' ," "''', ,': '"" .. ' , " ''',,' 50IHINGS,YOU'l~ËEtlIO KNOW ABOUT STOS ' , 

:1 .:.'. . •...... 1:

228 


. 

I< 

:WHAT IS THE RISK? . 

Directions: Place each behavior in theproper category with regard to HIV 

infection. 

No Risk Some Risk Risky 

.- 

- 

- - 

- 

( 

, 

, 

. (" 

BEHAVIORS' 

A. Kissing 

C. Abstaining from Sexual Activity 

E. Sharing needles for injecting steroids 

or other drugs - 

G. Having sexual intercourse 

L Hugging 

B. Having sex under the influence of 

alcohol! other drugs. 

D. Already having a STI 

F. Shaking hands 

H. Becoming blood brothers/sisters 

1. Receiving a blood transfusion 

v 

K. Donating Blood ,,'Cl' L. Sharing needles for tattooing or piercing 

M, Cleaning spilled blood without 

wearing gloves 

iiN. Having sexual intercourse at a young age

229 


, , 

HIV/AIDS 

Notes 

H ~ 

I----------~------~-- 

V 

___ 

A 

_ 

1------------------------ 

D 

_ 

s 

__ 

Four Body Fluids can Transmit 

HIV: 

1. _ 

2, _ 

3, _ 

4. _

230 


To Be Diagnosed with AIDS: 

T cells= 

------------------~~~~~ 

OR 

----------------------------- 

Infection 

Example: Kaposi's sarcoma (Rare Skin Cancer) 

list some myths you have heard about HIVIAIDS:

231 


STD Fact Chart 

Disease Pathogen Incubation Transmission Symptomsl 

Period 

Treatment 

Gonorrhea 

Genital 

Warts 

Chlamydia 

Genital 

Herpes

232 


STOFact Chart 

Disease Pathogen Incubation Transmission Symptomsl 

Period 

Treatment 

c,....... L-.:I:~ r:...._I_:_ ....L_ 

JY..,'II".> ¡;;'}\"JI! Cl III L IB t:: 

Stages: 

Hepatitis B 

HIV/AIDS 

, 

/ 

{{

233 


Sexually Transmitted 

Disease BingQ 

Abstinence 

Chlamydia 

Virus 

Syphilis 

AIDS 


Gonorrhea 

HIV 

T-cells 

Bacteria 

Opportunistic Infection Condom Transmission Incubation 

Diagnosis 

Treatment 

Sterile HepatitisB Needles 

----FlfLV---~llathGgeA--~S-¡:I---R-isk'-----Antibi()ties'---------------- 

B I N G O 

Free 

Space

234 


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Used time well Used some of the Did not use 

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period. Usuall~_ _the.class.period.L. -focus.on-the 

focused on There was some project OR 

getting the focus on getting often 

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never distracted but occasionally others. 

others. distracted others. 

Graphics. Several of the One or two of the The graphics are No graphics 

Originality graphics used on graphics used on made by the made by the 

the poster reflect a the poster reflect student, but are student are 

exceptional degree student creativity based on the inclùded. 

of student creativity in their creation designs or ideas 

in their creation and/or display. of others. 

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Required The poster includes All required All but 1 of the Several 

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elements as well as included on the elements are elements 

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grammatical grammatical grammatical more than 4 

mistakes on the mistakes on the mistakes on the grammatical 

poster. poster. poster. mistakes on 

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Category 4points 3 points 2 points 1 point

235 


HIV/AIDS 

What does HIV stand for and what is it? 

What does AIDS stand for and what is it? 

How does J=ItVaffect-tne Dody'? 

How is HIV spread? 

How do people know they have HIV? 

How do doctors test for and treat HIV? 

What is the ONLY way to TOTALLY prevent 

getting it? (clue: the answer is ABSTINENCE!)

236 


HIVandAIDS 

Page 1 of3 

TeensHealth.org 

A safe, private place to get 

doctor-approved 

on health, emotions, 

information 

and life. 

"_ ..

237 


HIVandAIDS 

Page 2 of3 

usually prevent the spread of the virus from mother to baby. All pregnant teens and women should 

be tested for HIV so they can begin treatment if necessary. 

How Does HIV Affect the Body? 

A healthy body is equipped with CD4 helper lymphocyte cells (CD4 cells). These cells help the 

immune system function normally and fight off certain kinds of infections. They do this by acting as 

messengers to other types of immune system cells, telling them to become active and fight against 

an invading germ. 

HIVattaches to these CD4 cells, infects them, and uses them as a place to multiply. In doing so, the 

virus destroys the ability of the infected cells to do their job in the immune system. The body then 

loses the ability to fight many infections. 

Because their immune systems are weakened, people who have AIDS are unable to fight off many 

infections, particularly tuberculosis and other kinds of otherwise rare infections of the lung (such as 

Pneumocystis certnit pneumonia), the surface covering of the brain (meningitis), or the brain itself 

(encephalitis). People who have AIDS tend to keep getting sicker, especially if they are not taking 

antiviral medications properly. 

AIDS can affect every body system. The immune defect caused by having too few CD4 cells also 

permits some cancers that are stimulated by viral illness to occur - some people with AIDS get 

forms of lymphoma and a rare tumor of blood vessels in the skin called Kaposi's sarcoma. Because 

AIDS is fatal, it's important that doctors detect HIV infection as early as possible so a person can 

take medication to delay the onset of AIDS. 

How Do People Know They Have HIV? 

Once a person's blood lacks the number of CD4 cells required to fight infections, or the person has 

signs of specific illnesses or diseases that occur in people with HIV infection, doctors make a 

diagnosis of AIDS. 

Severe symptoms of HIV infection and AIDS may not appear for 10 years. And for years leading up 

to that, a person may not have symptoms of AIDS. The amount of time it takes for symptoms of 

AIDS to appear varies from person to person. Some people may feel and look healthy for years while 

they are infected with HIV. It is still possible to infect others with HIV, even if the person with the 

virus has absolutely no symptoms. You cannot tell simply by looking at someone whether he or she is 

infected. 

When a person's immune system is overwhelmed by AIDS, the symptoms can include: 

• extreme weakness or fatigue 

• rapid weight loss 

• frequent fevers that last for several weeks with no explanation 

• heavy sweating at night 

• swollen lymph glands 

• minor infections that cause skin rashes and mouth, genital, and anal sores 

• white spots in the mouth or throat 

• chronic diarrhea 

• a cough that won't go away 

• trouble remembering things 

http://kidshealth.org/PageManager.j sp7dn= KidsHealth&lic= 1&ps=207 &cat_id=20 173&art... 3/22/20 11

238 


HIVandAIDS 

Page 3 of3 

Girls may also experience severe vaginal yeast infections that don't respond to usual treatment, 

well as pelvic inflammatory 

disease (PID). 

as 

How Can It Be Prevented? 

One of the reasons that HIV is so dangerous is that a person can have the virus for a long time 

without knowing it. That person can then spread the virus to others through high-risk behaviors. HIV 

transmission can be prevented by: 

• abstaining from sex (not having oral, vaginal, or anal sex) 

• always using latex condoms for all types of sexual intercourse 

• avoiding contact with the bodily fluids through which HIV is transmitted 

~~~~~~-.-never-shêlring-needles 

How Do Doctors Test for and Treat HIV? 

If you think that you may have HIVor AIDS or if you have had a partner who may have HIVor AIDS, 

see your family doctor, adolescent doctor, or gynecologist. 

He or she will talk with you and perform 

tests. The doctor may do a blood test or a swab of the inside of your cheek. Depending on what type 

of test is done, results may take from a few hours to several days. Let the doctor know the best way 

to reach you confidentially with any test results. 

People can also get tested for HIV/AIDS at special AIDS clinics around the country. Clinics offer both 

anonymous (meaning the clinic doesn't know a person's name) and confidential (meaning they know 

who a person is but keep it private) testing. Most AIDS testing centers will ask you to follow up for 

counseling to get your results, whether the test is negative or positive. 

If you're not sure how to find a doctor or get an AIDS test, you can contact the National AIDS 

Hotlines at (800) 342-AIDS (English) or (800) 344-7432 (Spanish). A specialist there will explain 

what you should do next. 

There is no cure for AIDS, which makes prevention so important. Combinations of antiviral drugs and 

drugs that boost the immune system have allowed many people with HIV to resist infections, stay 

healthy, and prolong their lives, but these medications are not a cure. Right now there is no vaccine 

to prevent HIVand AIDS, although researchers are working on developing one. 

Reviewed by: Steven Dowshen, MD 

Date reviewed: August 2009 

dd IdId.IdIldll_ ""'". 

Note: All information on TeensHealth® is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, 

diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. 

© 1995- 2011 The Nemours Foundation. All rights reserved. 

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Syphilis 

What is it? 

What are the four stages of syphilis? 

What-are-trre-symptrrmslJf-ea-cIT-s-tageo[--syphílís'?'----------;; - 

How long until symptoms appear? 

What can happen? 

How is it treated? 

What is the only way to 100% prevent getting it? 

(clue: the answer is ABSTINENCE!)

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Syphilis 

Page 1 of3 





information 

and life. 

Syphilis 

~~~~----,W"-,,rhat_Is_lt?~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

Syphilis (pronounced: siff-ill-iss) is a sexually transmitted disease (STO) caused by a type of bacteria 

known as a :'.p"i:'

241 


Syphilis 

Page 2 of3 

noticed. Sores sometimes appear on the lips, mouth, throat, vagina, and anus - but many people 

with secondary syphilis don't have sores at all. 

The symptoms of this secondary stage will go away with or without treatment. But if the infection 

hasn't been treated, the disease can continue to progress. Syphilis is still contagious during the 

secondary stage. 

latent 

Syphilis 

If syphilis still hasn't been treated yet, the person will have a period of the illness called latent 

(hidden) syphilis. This means that all the signs of the disease go away, but the disease is still very 

much there. Even though the disease is "hiding," the spirochetes are still in the body. Syphilis can 

remain latent for many years. 

Tertiary 

Syphilis 

If the disease still hasn't been treated at this point, some develop tertiary (or late-stage) syphilis. 

This means the spirochetes have spread all over the body and can affect the brain, the eyes, the 

heart, the spinal cord, and bones. Symptoms of late syphilis can include difficulty walking, numbness, 

gradual blindness, and possibly even death. 

How Long Until Symptoms Appear? 

A person who has been exposed to the spirochetes that cause syphilis may notice a chancre from 10 

days to 3 months later, though the average is 3 weeks. If the syphilis is not treated, the second 

stage of the disease may occur anywhere from about 2 to 10 weeks after the original sore (chancre). 

It's important to keep in mind that many people never notice any symptoms of syphilis. This means it 

is important to let your doctor know that you are having sex, so that he or she can test you for 

syphilis even if you don't have any symptoms. 

What Can Happen? 

Syphilis can be very dangerous if left untreated. In both guys and girls, the spirochetes can spread 

throughout the whole body, infecting major organs. Brain damage and other serious health problems 

can occur, many of which can't be treated. A woman who is pregnant and hasn't been effectively 

treated is at great risk of putting her baby in danger. Untreated syphilis also can cause major birth 

defects. Syphilis also increases the risk of HIV infection because HIV can enter the body more easily 

when there's a sore present. 

How Is It Treated? 

If you think you may have syphilis or if you have had sexual contact with someone who might have 

syphilis, see your doctor or gynecologist right away. It can sometimes be difficult to spot chancres. 

So it's important to get checked on a regular basis, especially if you have had unprotected sex and/or 

more than one sex partner. 

Depending on the stage, the doctor can make a diagnosis by examining the discharge from chancres 

under a special microscope or by doing a blood test to look for signs of infection. Let the doctor know 

the best way to reach you confidentially with any test results. 

Early stages of syphilis are easily cured with antibiotics. Someone who has been infected for a while 

will need treatment for a longer period of time. Unfortunately, damage to the body from the late 

stage of syphilis cannot be treated. However, even in the late stage, it is important to get treatment. 

This can prevent further damage to the body. Anyone with whom you've had unprotected sex should 

also be checked for syphilis immediately. 

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Syphilis 

Page 3 of3 

How Is Syphilis Prevented? 

The best way to prevent any STD is to not have sex. However, for people who decide to have sex, it's 

important to use protection and to have as few sexual partners as possible. Latex condoms are 

effective against most STDs; however, if there are any sores or rashes that cannot be covered by the 

condom, it's wise to not have sex until rashes or other skin breaks have healed and the person has 

seen a doctor for treatment. 

Reviewed by: Larissa Hirsch, MD 

Date reviewed: June 2010 

- 

.... ~ 




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., 

Gonorrhea 

What is it? 

How does a guy know he has it? 

Höw-do-es-a-g-irl-kno-w-she-has-it9 

How long until there are symptoms? 





244 


Gonorrhea 

Page 1 of2 





information 

and life. 

Gonorrhea 

What Is It? 

Gonorrhea (pronounced: gah-nuh-ree-uh) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by 

bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The bacteria can be passed from one person to another 

through vaginal, oral, or anal sex, even when the person who is infected has no symptoms. It can 

also be passed from a mother to her baby during birth. You cannot catch gonorrhea from a towel, a 

doorknob, or a toilet seat. 

How Does a Girl Know She Has It? 

A girl who has gonorrhea may have no symptoms at all or her symptoms may be so mild that she 

doesn't notice them until they become more severe. In some cases, girls will feel a burning sensation 

when they urinate, or they will have a yellow-green vaginal discharge. Girls may also experience 

vaginal bleeding between menstrual periods. 

If the infection becomes more widespread and moves into the uterus or fallopian tubes, it may result 

in an infection called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can cause abdominal pain, fever, and 

pain during sexual intercourse, as well as the symptoms above. 

How Does a Guy Know He Has It? 

Guys who have gonorrhea are much more likely to notice symptoms, although a guy can have 

gonorrhea and not know it. Guys often feel a burning sensation when they urinate, and yellowishwhite 

discharge may ooze out of the urethra (at the tip of the penis). 

How long Until There Are Symptoms? 

Symptoms usually appear 2 to 7 days after a person has been exposed to gonorrhea, and in girls 

they may appear even later. 


Gonorrhea can be very dangerous if it is left untreated, even in someone who has mild or no 

symptoms. In girls, the infection can move into the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries (causing PID) 

and can lead to scarring and infertility (the inability to have a baby). Gonorrhea infection during 

pregnancy can cause problems for the newborn baby, including meningitis (an inflammation of the 

membranes 

not treated. 

around the brain and spinal cord) and an eye infection that can result in blindness if it is 

In guys, gonorrhea can spread to the epididymis (the structure attached to the testicle that helps 

transport sperm), causing pain and swelling in the testicular area. This can create scar tissue that 

might make a guy infertile. 

In both guys and girls, untreated gonorrhea can affect other organs and parts of the body including 

the throat, eyes, heart, brain, skin, and joints, although this is less common. 

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Gonorrhea 

Page 2 of2 


If you think you may have gonorrhea or if you have had a partner who may have gonorrhea, 

need to see your doctor or gynecologist. 

you 

He or she will do an exam which may include checking a 

urine (pee) sample, or for a girl, swabbing the vagina or cervix for discharge, which will then be 

analyzed. Talk to your doctor about which test is best for you. The doctor may also test for other 

STDs, such as syphilis or chlamydia. 

with any test results. 

Let the doctor know the best way to reach you confidentially 

If you are diagnosed with gonorrhea, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection. 

Anyone with whom you've had sex should also be tested and treated for gonorrhea immediately. This 

includes any sexual partners in the last 2 months, or your last sexual partner if it has been more than 

------z-rneflths-sinee-yeur-l-ast-sexual-experienee

246 



What is it? 

What are the two different types of herpes viruses 

that causes genital herpes? 

What are the symptoms? 

How long until symptoms appear? 





247 



Page 1 of2 





information 

and life. 


What Is It? 

Genital herpes is caused by a virus called herpes simplex (HSV). There are two different types of 

herpes virus that cause genital herpes - HSV-l and HSV-2. Most forms of genital herpes are HSV-2. 

But a person with HSV-l (the type of virus that causes cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth) 

can transmit the virus through oral sex to another person's genitals. 

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted 

disease (STD). It causes herpes sores in the genital area and 

is transmitted through vaginal, oral, or anal sex, especially from unprotected sex when infected skin 

touches the vaginal, oral, or anal area. Occasionally, it can cause sores in the mouth, and can be 

spread by secretions in saliva. Because the virus does not live outside the body for long, you cannot 

catch genital herpes from an object, such as a toilet seat. 

Symptoms of a Genital Herpes Outbreak 

Someone who has been exposed to the genital herpes virus may not be aware of the infection and 

may never have an outbreak of sores. However, if a person does have an outbreak, the symptoms 

can cause significant discomfort. 

Someone with genital herpes may first notice itching or pain, followed by sores that appear a few 

hours to a few days later. The sores, which may appear on the vagina, penis, scrotum, buttocks, or 

anus, start out as red bumps that soon turn into red, watery blisters. The sores may make it very 

painful to urinate. The sores may open up, ooze fluid or bleed, and then heal within the next 2 to 4 

weeks. 

The entire genital area may feel very tender or painful, and the person may have flu-like symptoms 

including fever, headache, and swollen lymph nodes. If someone has an outbreak in the future, it will 

tend to be less severe and shorter in duration, with the sores healing in about 10 days. 

How Long Until Symptoms Appear? 

Someone who has been exposed to genital herpes will notice genital itching and/or pain about 2 to 

20 days after being infected with the virus. The sores usually appear within days afterward. 


After the herpes blisters disappear, a person may think the virus has gone away - but it's actually 

hiding in the body. Both HSV-l and HSV-2 can stay hidden away in the body until the next herpes 

outbreak, when the virus reactivates itself and the sores return, usually in the same area. 

Over time, the herpes virus can reactivate itself again and again, causing discomfort and episodes of 

sores each time. Sometimes a person has about four to five herpes outbreaks each year, but this can 

vary between people. Usually, the number of outbreaks will lessen over time. 

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Page 2 of2 

There is no cure for herpes; it will always remain in the body and can always be passed to another 

person with any form of unprotected sex. This is the case even if blisters aren't present on the 

genitals, but more likely if they are. Many cases of genital herpes are transmitted when symptoms 

are not present, but a person can lessen the chance of spreading the infection to someone else by 

taking antiviral medication to lessen the amount of herpes virus that is around. This is a prescription 

medication that needs to be obtained from a doctor. 

Genital herpes also increases the risk of HIV infection because HIV can enter the body more easily 

whenever there's a break in the skin (such as a sore) during unprotected sexual contact. In addition, 

if a pregnant woman with genital herpes has an active infection during childbirth, the newborn baby 

is at risk for getting herpes infection. This risk is greatest if she gets her first outbreak while 

pregnant. Herpes infection in a newborn can cause meningitis (an inflammation of the membranes 

that surround the brain and spinal cord), seizures, and brain damage. 

How Is It Prevented? 

The only surefire way to prevent genital herpes is '3.,b.~,t,i,~,,,:,~S~: Teens who do have sex must properly 

use a latex condom every time they have any form of sexual intercourse (vaginal, oral, or anal sex). 

Girls receiving oral sex should have their partners use dental dams as protection. These sheets of 

thin latex can be purchased online or from many pharmacies. 

If one partner has a herpes outbreak, avoid sex - even with a condom or dental dam - until all 

sores have healed. Herpes can be passed sexually even if a partner has no sores or other signs and 

symptoms of an outbreak. Finally, one way to lessen this risk is to take antiviral medication even 

when no sores are present if you know you have genital herpes. 


If you think you may have genital herpes or if you have had a partner who may have genital 

see your family doctor, adolescent doctor, gynecologist, or health clinic for a diagnosis. 

herpes, 

Right now, there is no cure for genital herpes, but a doctor can prescribe antiviral medication to help 

control recurring HSV-2 and clear up the painful sores. The doctor can also tell you how to keep the 

sores clean and dry and suggest other methods to ease the discomfort when the virus reappears. 

Reviewed by: Michele Van Vranken, 

Date reviewed: April 2009 

MD 

1111------__ -, " 


diagnoses, and treatment, 

consult your doctor. 


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249 


Genital Warts 

What are they? 

What group of viruses cause genital warts? 

~---What-at:e-the-£ign£-and--s¥mfJtQm-s,+?~~~~~~~~~~~ 

How long until you see the symptoms? 


How are they treated? 



250 


Genital Warts (HPV) 

Page 1 of3 





information 

and life. 

Genital Warts (HPV) 

What Are They? 

-----~G~e-n~lt-al warts are warts that are located near or in the genital areas. In a female, that means on or 

near the vulva (the outside genital area), vagina, cervix, or anus. In a male, that means near or on 

the penis, scrotum, or anus. 

Warts appear as bumps or growths. They can be flat or raised, single or many, small or large. They 

tend to be whitish or flesh colored. They are not always easy to see with the naked eye, and many 

times a person with genital warts doesn't know that they're there. 

Genital warts are caused by a group of viruses called HPV (short for human papillomavirus). There 

are more than 100 types of HPV. Some of them cause the kind of warts you see on people's hands 

and feet - these common warts usually are caused by types of viruses that are different from those 

that cause genital warts. 

More than 30 types of HPV cause genital warts. Genital warts can be passed from person to person 

through intimate sexual contact (vaginal, oral, or anal sex). In some rare cases, genital warts are 

transmitted from a mother to her baby during childbirth. 

HPV infections are common in teens and young adults. As many as 1 in 2 people can have them at 

some point in their lives. The more sexual partners someone has, the more likely it is that the person 

will get an HPV infection. 

What Are the Signs and Symptoms? 

Most HPV infections have no signs or symptoms. So someone can be infected and pass the disease 

on to another person without knowing. However, some people do get visible warts. 

People often don't have any symptoms from genital warts - the warts usually do not hurt or itch, 

which is one reason why people may not know they have them. Doctors can diagnose warts by 

examining the skin closely (sometimes with a magnifying glass) and using a special solution to make 

them easier to see. A Pap smear (a test that is performed 

tests can help diagnose an HPV infection. 

during a gynecologic exam) and other 

Experts believe that when a wart is present, the virus may be more contagious. 

spread even without any visible warts. 

But HPV can still be 

How Long Until Vou See the Symptoms? 

A person who has been exposed to genital warts may have warts appear any time from several 

weeks to several months after exposure. Sometimes warts can take even longer to appear; the virus 

can live in the body for a very long time without causing any symptoms. Because many people who 

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· Genital Warts (HPV) Page 2 of3 

are infected with HPV don't show any symptoms, anyone having sex should get regular medical 

checkups and tell their doctor about their sexual history. 


Sometimes, if left untreated, genital warts may grow bigger and multiply. Often, they go away on 

their own without treatment - but this doesn't mean people can ignore genital warts. They can 

spread to other people. And some types of HPV are especially worrisome for girls because they can 

cause problems with the .c.~.r~i~that may lead to cervical cancer. 

Since HPV can have such serious consequences, girls who have had sex should see a gynecologist, 

who can do a Pap smear and test for changes in the cervix from HPV. 

----How-A~e-GenitaLWads-e.~ev.ented-?~---------------------- 

The only surefire way to prevent genital warts is abstinence (the decision not to have sex). Teens 

who do have sex can get some protection by properly using a latex condom every time they have 

any form of sexual intercourse (vaginal, oral, or anal sex). Condoms may not give complete 

protection because the virus can spread from the areas of the genitals not covered by the condom. 

Condoms also reduce the risk of other sexually transmitted 

diseases (STDs) as well as pregnancy. 

The U.S. government has approved a vaccine that protects against some of the strains of HPV that 

can cause cervical cancer. 

How Are They Treated? 

There is no cure that will get rid of the HPV virus completely. But treatments can reduce the number 

of warts - or help them go away faster. When the warts disappear, the HPV virus is still there, 

though it may not spread as easily. 

If you are sexually active, think you might have genital warts, or if you have had a partner who 

might have genital warts, you need to see your doctor or gynecologist. 

Your doctor will do an examination, make a diagnosis, and then provide treatment, if necessary. A 

number of different treatments might be used depending on where the warts are located, how big 

they are, and how many there are. Your doctor might put special medications on the warts, or 

remove them with treatments like laser therapy or chemical "freezing." 

Sometimes warts can come back, so you might need to visit the doctor again. Anyone with whom 

you've had sex also should be checked for genital warts. 

Not all bumps on a person's genitals are warts. Some can be pimples, some can be other types of 

infections or growths. So turn to your doctor for help - he or she can help determine what that 

bump is and what you can do. 

Reviewed by: Larissa Hirsch, MD 

Date reviewed: November 2009 

_il 

·.....IUI,"-. 




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· Genital Warts (HPV) Page 3 of3 


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Chlamydia 

What is it? 

How does a guy know he has it? 

----I=I0w-dø€-s-a-g-i-~I-I~1l0W-s-h@_h-a_s-i_t~---------------' 

When do symptoms appear? 





254 


Chlamydia 

Page 1 of2 





information 

and life. 

Chlamydia 

What Is It? 

CnlamyClia( pronou nceô-:R1Uñ-m iä-ee- uñfjs a sexually-era nsmitteôClisease CSTDftllaris causea-5y 

bacteria called Chlamydia trachomatís. Although you may not have heard its name, chlamydia is one 

of the most common STDs. Because there often aren't any symptoms, though, lots of people can 

have chlamydia and not know it. 

The bacteria can move from one person to another through sexual intercourse, and possibly through 

oral-genital contact. If someone touches bodily fluids that contain the bacteria and then touches his 

or her eye, a chlamydial eye infection is possible. Chlamydia also can be passed from a mother to her 

baby while the baby is being delivered. This can cause pneumonia and conjuntivitis, which can 

become very serious for the baby if it's not treated. You can't catch chlamydia from a towel, 

doorknob, or toilet seat. 

How Does a Girl Know She Has It? 

It can be difficult for a girl to know whether she has chlamydia because most girls don't have any 

symptoms. Because of this, it's very important to see a doctor at least once a year if you are sexually 

active. Your doctor can tell you about how to test for chlamydia, even if you don't have any 

symptoms. Much less often, symptoms are present and may cause an unusual vaginal discharge or 

pain during urination. Some girls with chlamydia also have pain in their lower abdomens, pain during 

sexual intercourse, or bleeding between menstrual periods. Sometimes a chlamydia infection can 

cause a mild fever, muscle aches, or headache. 

How Does a Guy Know He Has It? 

Like a girl, a guy can also have a difficult time telling whether he has chlamydia and should be tested 

by a doctor at least once a year if he is sexually active. When symptoms are there, guys may have a 

discharge from the tip of the penis (the urethra - where urine comes out), or experience itching or 

burning sensations around the penis. Rarely, the testicles may become swollen. Many times, a guy 

with chlamydia may have few or no symptoms, so he might not even know he has it. 

When Do Symptoms Appear? 

Someone who has contracted chlamydia may see symptoms a week later. In some people, the 

symptoms take up to 3 weeks to appear, and many people never develop any symptoms. 


If left untreated in girls, chlamydia can cause an infection of the urethra (where urine comes out) and 

inflammation (swelling and soreness caused by the infection) of the cervix. It can also lead to pelvic 

inflammatory 

disease (PIO), which is an infection of the uterus, ovaries, and/or fallopian tubes. PIO 

can cause infertility and ectopic (tubal) pregnancies later in life. 


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Chlamydia 

Page 2 of2 

If left untreated in guys, chlamydia can cause inflammation of the urethra and epididymis (the 

structure attached to the testicle that helps transport sperm). 


If you think you may have chlamydia or if you have had a partner who may have chlamydia, you 

need to see your family doctor, adolescent doctor, or gynecologist. Some local health clinics, such as 

Planned Parenthood, can also test and treat people for chlamydia. 

The doctor will do an exam that may include swabbing the vagina or penis for secretions, 

which will 

then be analyzed. Sometimes doctors can diagnose chlamydia by testing a person's urine. Talk to 

your doctor about which test is best for you. And let the doctor know the best way to reach you 

confidentially with any test results. 

If you have been exposed to chlamydia or are diagnosed with chlamydia, the doctor will prescribe 

antibiotics, which should clear up the infection in 7 to 10 days. Anyone with whom you've had sex will 

also need to be tested and treated for chlamydia because that person may be infected but not have 

any symptoms. This includes any sexual partners in the last 2 months or your last sexual partner if it 

has been more than 2 months since your last sexual experience. It is very important that someone 

with a chlamydia infection abstain from having sex until they and their partner have been treated. 

If a sexual partner has chlamydia, quick treatment will reduce his or her risk of complications and will 

lower your chances of being reinfected if you have sex with that partner again. (You can become 

infected with chlamydia again even after you have been treated because having chlamydia does not 

make you immune to it.) 

It's better to prevent chlamydia than to treat it, and the only way to completely prevent the infection 

is to abstain from all types of sexual intercourse. If you do have sex, use a latex condom every time. 

This is the only birth control method that will help prevent chlamydia. 

Reviewed by: Michele Van Vranken, 

Date reviewed: November 2009 

MD 

_---1_ 400í ••. 

.... 

·""., 




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256 


"ALL ABOUT 

PUBERTY" 

Name: 

__ 

Period: 

_ 

Directions: Go to www.KidsHealth.Org.Click on the "Kid's" section. Then type "All 

About Puberty" in the search box. Use the article to fill in the blanks below. Vou 

may work with your partner next to you, but you must both fill out a worksheet. 

1. is the name for the time when your body begins to develop and 

change as you move from kid to adult. 

2. Usually, puberty starts between ages and 13 in girls and ages and 15 in 

boys 

3. For boys, the hormones travel through the blood and tell the , the 

two egg-shaped 

glands in the scrotum (the sac that hangs under the penis), to begin making 

_________________ and sperm. Testosterone is the hormone that causes most of the 

changes in a boy's body during puberty, and men need sperm to be able to reproduce 

father of a baby). 

(be the 

4. In girls, these hormones target the two , which contain eggs that have 

been in the girl's body since she was born. The hormones cause the ovaries to start making 

another hormone, called 

. Together, these hormones prepare a girl's 

body to start her periods and be able to become pregnant someday. 

5. When that growth spurt is at its peak, some kids grow or more inches (10 or more 

centimeters) in a year! 

6. A boy's shoulders will grow and his body will become more 

7. The , or monthly cycle, is when blood is 

released through the vagina. That may sound alarming, 

but it's normal and it signals that a girl is 

growing up and her body is preparing so that she can have a baby someday. 

8. A lot of kids notice that they have a new under their arms and in other 

places when they hit puberty - and it's not a pretty one. That smell is __ 

_______ 

(you may have heard people call it B.O.) and everyone gets it. 

9. IT'S IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER: During puberty, everyone changes at his or her own

257 


All About Puberty 

Page 1 of4 

KidsHealth.org 

The most-visited site 

devoted to children's 

health and development 

from Nemours 

"',_-..;..="'_.- ...=_;.;, .. ........,.".:~~"'"=_,==c...,-'", ..~=-

258 



Page 2 of4 

It's Just a Growth Spurt 

A spurt is a short burst of activity or something that happens in a hurry. And a growth spurt is just 

that: Your body is growing and it's happening really fast! 

When you go through puberty, it might seem like your sleeves are always getting shorter and your 

pants are creeping up your legs. That's because you're having a growth spurt that lasts for about 2 to 

3 years. When that growth spurt is at its peak, some kids grow 4 or more inches (10 or more 

centimeters) in a year! At the end of your growth spurt, you'll have reached your adult height - or 

just about. 

But your height isn't the only thing that changes during puberty. 

With all this quick growth, it can seem like one part of your body - your feet, for instance - are 

growing faster than everything else. This can make you feel clumsy or awkward. This is normal, too! 

The rest of your body will eventually fill out and shape up, and you'll feel less klutzy. 

Taking Shape 

Your body also fills out and changes shape during puberty. A boy's shoulders will grow wider and his 

body will become more muscular. He may notice a bit of breast growth on his chest. Don't worry, this 

is normal - and it goes away for most boys by the end of puberty. 

In addition, boys' voices crack and eventually become deeper, their penises grow longer and wider, 

and their testes get bigger. All of these changes mean that their bodies are developing as they should 

during puberty. 

Girls' bodies usually become curvier. Their hips get wider and their breasts develop, starting 

with just 

a little swelling under the nipples. Sometimes one breast grows more quickly than the other, but 

most of the time they even out. Girls may start wearing bras around this time, especially if they are 

involved in sports or exercise classes. 

With all this growing and developing going on, some girls may be uncomfortable with how their 

bodies are changing, but it's unhealthy for girls to diet to try to stop any normal weight gain. If you 

have any questions about puberty or are worried about your weight, talk to your parent or doctor. 

One question a girl will have is: When will I get my first period? This usually happens about 2 years 

after her breasts start to develop. The menstrual (say: men-strul) period, or monthly cycle, is when 

blood is released through the vagina. That may sound alarming, but it's normal and it signals that a 

girl is growing up and her body is preparing so that she can have a baby someday. 

Here's what's going on: Each of a girl's two ovaries holds thousands of eggs. During the menstrual 

cycle, an egg is released from one of the ovaries and begins a trip down the fallopian (say: fuh-lopee-un) 

tube to the uterus, also called the womb. A girl has two fallopian tubes, one connecting each 

ovary to the uterus. 

Before the egg even leaves the ovary, though, hormones stimulate the uterus to build up its inner 

lining with extra blood and tissue. If the egg gets to the uterus and is fertilized by a sperm cell, it 

may plant itself in that lining and grow into a baby. The extra blood and tissue nourishes and 

protects the baby as it develops. 

But most of the time the egg is only passing through. When the egg doesn't get fertilized, or if the 

fertilized egg doesn't become planted in the lining, the uterus no longer needs the extra blood and 

http://kidshealth.org/PageManager.jsp?dn=KidsHealth&lic= 1&ps=3 07&cat_ id=20 183&art... 3/21/2011

259 



Page 3 of4 

tissue, so the blood leaves the body through the vagina. This blood is known as a girl's period. A 

period usually lasts from 2 to 7 days. About 2 weeks after the last period, a new egg is released as 

the cycle repeats itself. 

Face Up to Changes 

Another thing that may come with puberty is acne (say: ak-nee) - or pimples - caused by all those 

hormones at work in the body. 

Skin gets oilier and pimples sometimes start showing up when puberty begins, and you may get 

them throughout the teenage years. You might see pimples on your face, your upper back, or your 

upper chest. 

_____ 

---2T~o'--'h_'_'e"_'_l~ control nímcíes. wash ,¡,our face twice ÇLday_wLtb_wal:ill_wateLand_a_mild_soap_of_clear:lser:., ~ 

Don't squeeze, pick, or pop your pimples. Your doctor can also offer suggestions for clearing up acne. 

The good news is that acne usually gets a lot better as you get older. 

Putting the P.U. in Puberty 

P.U.! A lot of kids notice that they have a new smell under their arms and in other places when they 

hit puberty - and it's not a pretty one. That smell is body odor (you may have heard people call it 

B.a.) and everyone gets it. 

As you enter puberty, the puberty hormones stimulate the glands in your skin, including the sweat 

glands under your arms. When sweat and bacteria on your skin get together, it can smell pretty bad. 

So what can you do to feel less stinky? Well, keeping clean can stop you from smelling. You might 

want to take a shower every day, either in the morning before school or at night before bed. Wearing 

clean clothes and showering after you've been playing sports or exercising is also a good idea. 

Another way to cut down on body odor is to use deodorant. If you use a deodorant with 

antiperspirant, it will cut down on sweat as well. 

There's 

More? 

Boys and girls will also notice other body changes as they enter puberty. Girls sometimes might see 

and feel white or clear stuff coming from the vagina. This doesn't mean anything is wrong - it's 

called vaginal discharge and is just another sign hormones are changing your body. 

Boys will begin to get erections (this is when the penis fills with blood and becomes hard). 

Sometimes erections happen when boys think about sexual things or they can happen for no reason 

at all. Boys also may experience something called nocturnal emissions (or wet dreams). This is when 

the penis becomes erect when a boy is sleeping and he ejaculates. When a boy ejaculates, semen - 

the fluid that contains sperm - comes out of the penis. That's why they're called wet dreams - they 

happen when you're sleeping and your underwear or the bed might be a little wet when you wake up. 

Wet dreams occur less often as boys move through puberty and they eventually stop. 

Change Can Feel Kind of Strange 

Just as those hormones change the way your body looks on the outside, they also create changes on 

the inside. During puberty, you might feel confused or have strong emotions that you've never had 

before. You might feel overly sensitive or become upset easily. 

Some kids lose their tempers more often and get angry with their friends or families. You also may 

feel anxious about how your changing body looks. 

http://kidshealth.org/PageManager.jsp?dn=KidsHealth&lic=l&ps=307&cat_id=20183&art ... 3/21/2011

260 



Page 4 of4 

Sometimes it can be hard to deal with all these new emotions. It's important to know that while your 

body is adjusting to the new hormones, so is your mind. Try to remember that people usually aren't 

trying to hurt your feelings or upset you on purpose. It might not be your family or friends - it might 

be your new "puberty brain" trying to adjust. 

You might also have sexual feelings that you've never felt before. And you will probably have lots of 

questions about these new, confusing feelings about sex. 

It's easy to feel embarrassed or nervous when talking about sex. It's important to get your questions 

answered, but you need to be sure you have all the right information. Some kids can talk to their 

parents about sex and get all their questions answered. 

------ßut-if-yeu-feel-fu AAy-talkl A€l-te-yeUf-¡Jafents-ab0ut-sex,there-are-ma ny-othe r-people-you-can-talk-to, 

like your doctor, a school nurse, a teacher, a school counselor, or some other adult you feel 

comfortable talking with. 

Developing 

Differently 

People are all a little different from each other, so it makes sense that they don't all develop in the 

same way. During puberty, everyone changes at his or her own pace. Maybe some of your friends 

are getting their period, and you haven't developed breasts yet. Maybe your best friend's voice has 

changed, and you think you still sound like a kid. Or maybe you're sick of being the tallest girl in your 

class or the only boy who has to shave. 

In a few cases, kids who are developing very early or who are very late in starting have a problem 

that may need to be checked or treated. If you are concerned about that possibility, talk with your 

parents and schedule a visit with your doctor. Your doctor knows all about puberty and can help 

determine if you are developing normally. 

But just about everyone catches up eventually, and most differences between you and your friends 

will even out. Until then, hang in there. Puberty can be quite a wild ride! 

Reviewed by: Kate M. Cronan, MD 

Date reviewed: September 2010 

Nemoura 

- 

............ 

Note: All information on KidsHealth® is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, 





261 


Name: 

1. What are three physical phenomena of puberty mentioned at 

the start of the article? 

2-. Whichof these.do you thínkís hardestto deal with'? 

3. N arne two female hormones that come into play during 

puberty? 

4. Name the male hormone that encourages muscle growth. 

5. What is an apocrine gland? 

6. What are good ways of dealing with teen sweat? 

7. What are the author's suggestions for handling moods? 

8. What's another healthful way to deal with moods?

262 


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Puberty and Reproductive System Quiz 

Name ~ __ 

Date 

_ 

Directions: Please answer the following questions using the information you have learned 

about puberty and the reproductive system in both males and females. 

1. What are 5 things that happen to females during puberty? 

a. 

b. 

c. 

d. 

e. 

2. What are 5 things that happen to males during puberty? 

a. 

b. 

c. 

d. 

e. 

3. When does puberty usually occur (ages)? _ 

4. A baby is referred to as a(n) at 3 to 4 weeks after conception 

(union of the sperm and egg). 

-.... 

5. A baby is referred to as a(n) from 12 weeks, through the 

rest of the pregnancy. 

6. Three signs of pregnancy are: 

a. 

b. 

c. 

7. The most common pregnancy test to detect if a person is pregnant is the 

_______________ 

test. 

8. refers to the time when the lining of the uterus and a 

small amount of blood leaves the female's body. This occurs on a monthly cycle. 

9. Another term for a "fertilized egg" is a _ 

10. The organ that develops 12 days after conception, and provides nutrients to the baby 

throughout the pregnancy is called the _ 

-_.-------,

__ ------------ 

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t. 

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2. Vagina 

3 .. Utarus 

4. FallopIan tube 

5. Ovary 

Deflnñlons 

A. Pear-shaped female reproductive organ in 

whIch fetus g~ows and develops until birth. 

B. Female organ In which egg cells and sex 

hormones 2.íe produced. - 

C. Nèck-like, narrow end of uterus which 

opens Into vaçina: Jf stretches to aHow a 

baby to be born. 

D. Either ol two tubes through which egg is 

rele.ased from an ovary each month and 

{ravels on its way lo uterus. 

E. Passage that leads from uterus to external 

genit21 oroans. 

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Male Reproductive 

___ --1. Penis 

Organs 

_____ 2. Urethra 

______ 3.. Scrotum 

___ -~4. Testicle 

_____ 5. Vas deferens 

DefinitIons 

A. The øland that proGuces sperm. 

B. The duct through which urine Is dis- , 

charned and, In males, through 

which semen is discharged. 

C. The IwO lubes ¡hal allow sperm 1.0 

pass from the testlclss. 

D. - The male sex organ; also, the male 

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urinary organ. 

E. The external pouch that contains 

the testicles. 

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267 


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Period: 

__ 

_ 

STD Quiz 

1. An example of a communicable disease is: 

a. Cancer B. Heart Disease C. AIDS D. Diabetes 

--------2.-An-example-oÍ-a-non-"communicable-disease-is::---------------- 

a. AIDS B. Chlamydia C. Cancer D. Strep throat 

3. HIV causes: 

a. Syphilis B. The common cold C. AIDS D. Pneumonia 

4. HIV is transmitted by: 

a. Toilet seats and mosquitoes B. Kissing and shaking hands 

b. Tears, urine and sweat D. Blood and sex fluids 

5. Medications to treat HIV infection: 

a. Can cure the disease B. Slow down the disease 

b. Don't have much effect D. Only work for men 

6. Which STD is not curable? 

a. Genital Warts B. Chlamydia C. Gonorrhea D. Syphilis 

7. Which STD has these symptoms: Has 3 stages, 1st sign is a chancre sore, 

caused 

8. by a bacteria, can lead to damage of the brain and nervous system? 

a. Genital Herpes B. Syphilis C. AIDS D. Gonorrhea 

9. Your risk of getting an STI is determined by: 

a. Where you live B. Your behavior C. Your race D. Poor nutrition 

10. Which STD has these symptoms: painful sores or blisters, caused by a 

virus? 

a. Gonorrhea B. Genital Warts C. Genital Herpes D. Syphilis 

11. AIDS stands for: 

a. Active Immunity Deficiency Syndrome B. Acquired Illness Defense 

System 

b. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome D. Active Illness Defense 

Site 

• 

12. To be diagnosed with AIDS your T-cell count has to be less than: 

a. 500 B. 300 C. 1,000 D. 200

268 


13. Which body fluid cannot transmit mV? 

a. Blood B. Semen C. Vaginal Secretions D. Saliva 

14. What does HIV stand for? 

H.__ . . _ 

1 __ 

V 

___ 

15, What does AIDS stand for? 

A~._.- 

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Picase answer tilt, question using at least three complete sentences: 

What is Abstineneel 

Why is abstinence a smart choice? (Worth 10 pts.) 

----_ _-_ _ _-_._------------------------- 

...__ ....._----._---_ ..__ .._ ...._--_._------------------------ 

Bonus: 

What puts the P-Vin Puberty??? (101)

269 


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What started out 

decades ago as a 

way of combining surfing 

and skiing is now a 

popular sport on snowy 

mountains everywhere. Some 

of the world's best snowboarders 

will face off in February 2006 at the 

XX Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. 

Tune in to check out the snowboard 

cross, a new event that combines speed 

with creativity. 

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have In 

Reading Faces 

In Pinoccbio, the story 

by Carlo Collodi, a 

wooden puppet undergoes 

adventures in a 

quest to become a real 

boy. The puppet's 

nose grows anytime 

he tells a lie. 

It now seems there's 

truth to the tale. Lying 

really does make a 

person's nose stand up 

a bit, say researchers 

at the Smell and Taste 

Treatment and 

Research Foundation. 

That knowledge is 

being used to perfect 

computer programs 

that measure changes 

in a person's face when 

he or she testifies for 

police. 

Putting a hand to 

the nose has long been 

believed to be body 

language that signals 

the person is lying. 

That observation has 

been made in many 

countries over time. 

Scientists believe that a 

liar makes that move 

because his or her nose 

enlarges ever so slightly 

and starts to itch. 

That urge to scratch 

is being called "the 

Pinocchio effect," 

DEAD 

END 

Chelsea Dunn was 13. 

So was Gabriel Mordecai. 

Chelsea used a shoelace 

and a belt. Gabriel found 

a rope. Both cut off their 

own breathing for kicksand 

died by accident. 

Have you heard about 

the pass-out game? The 

way to "play" is being 

passed around the Internet 

and in school hallways. 

Players cut off their own 

breathing until they lose 

track of their thoughts. 

That moment is called the 

"space monkey," the "flat- 

Iiner," or the "blackout." 

People make dares all 

the time. But daring others 

to black out is no game. 

Lack of oxygen can injure 

the brain or kill you. 

Gabriel's twin, Samuel, 

tried flatlining, too, but he 

survived. Samuel thought 

it was no big deal at the 

time-not like "doing 

drugs" might be. He knows 

better now. 

Investigators are finding 

that kids who would not 

do something illegal are 

trying the pass-out 

game-with deadly 

consequences. 

4 January 2006 Current Health 1

273 


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Lip Prescriptions 

Our Teen Panel Checks Out Lip Balms 

Winter can really do a number on skin. 80 . 

load up on sunscreen and moisturizer to 

protect your face from sun and wind. The 

weather can make your pout peel too. And 

Burt's Beeswax Lip Balm 

The Claim: helps soothe 

cracked or chapped lips 

Contains: coconut oil, sweet 

almond oil, peppermint oil 

The Buzz: "It smells minty 

fresh and has kind of a 

K" 

numbing effect. I would 

use it again." 

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me 

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eutrogenl~a~~._~ 

that's where lip balm comes in. To see 

which one might be best for you, check out 

the buzz from the Current Health teen 

panel. Then kiss chapped lips good-bye! 

l~ ~ ~. 

r.:~ ~ J 

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Chaps tick Flava-Craze 

Green Apple Extreme 15 

The Claim: protects against sun 

rays, relieves and helps 

prevent chapping, with a 

"radical flavor for your lips" 

Contains: sunscreens, white 

petrolatum (to protect skin) 

The Buzz: "[The scent] was very strong; 

it would be better if it was more subtle. It 

was a stick and much easier than dipping 

my fingers in a pot-easier to control." 

-Rachael 

Blistex Daily 

.-- ---- Qisture therapy Conditioning 

Intense m , 

• for lips tUll -n-eatment .~ 

Un-Petroleum The Claim: moisturizes and l 

Cherry - protects from sun to keep lips ~ 

~ 

The Claim: provides sun Neutrogena Lip Boost healthy when used daily 

protection, restores, hydrates The Claim: moisturizes, softens, Contains: sunscreens, 

Contains: jojoba oil, vitamin E, enhancesfullness petrolatum (to protect skin) 

echinacea Contains: cucum- The Buzz: "It smelled 

The Buzz: "Vum! It reminded ber,peppermint, ,- horrible but felt 

me of Popsielesand sesameoil smooth and was 

summer! It was oily The Buzz: "It smells easy to put on. 

feeling. It mademy very fresh and clean. It Immediately afterlips 

tingle, [but] after also wasn't messy at all-I ward, it felt smooth, and 

an hour [they] felt dry usually have to wash my hands after an hour it was extremely 

again." after putting on a lip balm." cold but still smooth." 

-Katy -Lindsay -Justin 

Thank you to our CH1 panelists: Gil John N., Nate C., Lindsay Z., Rachael E, Justin C., and Katy N. 

Does your class want to join a panel? Contact edhealth@weeklyreader.com. 

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275 


GiveMeFive 

potting 

Tubes. Jars. Wipes. Foaming pumps. Your bathroom 

counter looks like the acne 

aisle at the local drugstore. And your face is still popping out with spots. Here are 

some examples of stars who sympathize. 

r \-~ .....r- ~;:;.~"'I 

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of hand. 

Harry Potter and the 

She had 

Goblet of Fire had skin 

to call in 

flare-ups during filming. 

makeup 

The special-effects department artists before 

"",~:~~j:J.'.'\~ 

was called in to cover spots 

the premiere 

on actors Daniel Radcliffe of Shrek 2 • • 

(Harry), 16; Emma Watson to help hide • • 

(Hermione), 15; and Rupert 3 Pop star Avril Lavigne her zits. 

Grint (Ran), 17. Heavy makeup deals with zits. She 

only made matters worse. knows that hit albums do not 

protect her from acne hits. Acne Facts 

2Actress Christy Carlson Acne is passed down in 

Romano speaks out to 

~ 

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g> families. If your parents had 

.ê 

help teens cope with acne Jessica 

acne, you are likely to get 

g 

and self-esteem. The acne- Simpson it too. It is also caused by 

¡]' 

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o plugged pores, bacteria, and 

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is known as the (also known 

body oil. Don't use greasy 

big sister Ren on as P. Diddy hair or skin products. Wash 

~ 

I Even Stevens and and Sean daily with a gentle cleanser. 

~ the voice "Puffy" Combs) have been Keep your hands and hair off 

"' '" ! of Kim on the paid to sing the praises of a your face. If those steps don't 

~ 

animated series certain acne medicine. They work, see a dermatologist. 

~ 

:¡ Kim Possible. profit from their spots. (That's a skin doctor.) 

I 

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Current Health 1 January 2006 7

276 


SPECIAL 

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A mind reader might pick up on a thought 

about how you read the latest Harry Potter 

in a day. But that might then be crowded 

out when you see a stranger and think, 

Check out that guy/girl. (All this and you 

haven't even turned the page.) 

Entering puberty means growing up. 

Though you're not an adult yet, you're 

heading in the right direction. Puberty 

shows that the body is healthy and totally 

on track in its growth and development. For 

girls, this starts between about 8 and 15 

years old, and for guys, it's a little later, 

from 11 to 16 years old. (If your body hasn't 

made any changes after those ages, then 

start asking questions.) 

Welcome to a road traveled by many. 

Prince William, Avril Lavigne, your dad, 

your oldest sister, your grandma, and your 

math teacher all went through puberty! 

Your classmates, yourfriends, are going 

through this too. Just remember that people 

begin puberty at different ages and go 

through it at different rates. Same will start 

before you and some after. It's not a race. 

Read on to see how to be the best and. 

healthiest you can be during this wild and 

crazy time. 

What Is Puberty Like? 

Girls and guys go through similar things at 

puberty. Most feel shy and embarrassed 

about changing into adult form. Both guys 

and girls start getting oilier skin and pimples 

and sprouting adult hair (which I affectionately 

refer to as alfalfa sprouts) under 

Current Health 1 January 2006 9 

'\

278 


ID 

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arms and elsewhere, and all 

.. experience the effects of hormones 

·'1$1 

Ii,. on feelings. What are hormones? 

)/ They are substances produced by 

/ ,"I' your organs that create special effects 

elsewhere in the body. 

About 9 out of 10 teenagers put up 

with acne. Look around you and see if this 

isn't true. If your mom or dad had acne, 

then guess what? Hello, pimples! Of course, 

pimples might not be the only thing worrying 

you as you are going through the big P. 

You may have noticed that you are 

....... 

growing taller a lot faster, and your feet and 

hands are starting to look really big compared 

to the rest of you. That's because they 

are really big compared to the rest of you. 

You're in a growth spurt, and different 

parts of your body are growing while your 

spine is trying to catch up. (Girls actually 

stop growing in the spine for a while during 

puberty and grow the last few centimeters 

when puberty ends.) And then the growing 

and much of the changing stops. Each 

of you will get to the other side-I hope, 

feeling good and fully appreciating your 

irresistible, blossoming, and unique self! 

Put it this way: What would it be like if 

all your friends grew up, shared 

~'--~ . 

• 

Foamy, 

Regular 

•• 

• ('À 

puberty, and moved on to being 

healthy, creative adults, and you 

never changed in body or mind? 

You and your classmates have 

all this in common. 

Girls' StuffIBoys' Stuff 

Let's, as they say, get to it, with a 

word to the ladies first: Apart 

from growing taller and getting 

pimples and so 'on, one of the first 

signs of puberty is getting hair 

under the arms and thicker hair 

c 

s: 

on the legs. You might choose to 

'l 

shave this hair. That's up to 

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10 January 2006 Current Health 1 

grow hair in the pubic area (between the 

legs). You'll gain some weight in areas of 

the body that respond to hormones. The 

female hormones estrogen and progesterone 

build fat levels as breasts and hips grow. It's 

part of nature's way of preparing girls for 

adulthood. Besides, curves look good! 

Girls' bodies prepare for the process of 

having babies-sometime later in life, when 

you're prepared and if you decide to be a 

mom. Two- to seven-day periods of menstrual 

bleeding start happening about once 

a month. All that can sound weird at first, 

but anyone older can tell you this: Been 

there, done that. Not a big deal. In the end 

you realize everyone else has gone through 

the same changes, and it's healthy. 

Puberty is about 

growth, change 

and preparation 

for adulthood. 

Guys, no need to feel left out, because 

you aren't. You just start changing a little 

later. The hormone for guys is testosterone. 

This encourages fat loss and muscle building. 

Your first sign of puberty is an increase in 

the size of your body parts. Your shoulders 

start to get broader, and your voice begins 

to deepen. 

Lift those arms, and there's hair budding 

there. Hair appears on the lower body. 

Sometimes hair starts to grow up toward 

your belly button. Some hair might sprout 

over your chest. What's normal? Well, 

there's lots of normal. Some guys are hairier 

than others, that's all. (You might want to 

check out whether your dad or uncles have 

chest hair. Not all guys do.) Shaving the 

newly sprouted hair on your face becomes a 

part of grooming. You get used to it. 

Boys go through their peak growth spurt 

• 

Ị,

279 


about two to three years later than girls do. 

You guys might notice that you've developed 

ginarmaus hands and feet though you 

haven't gained much height. Just wait. Your 

spine is taking time to catch up. 

You and your buddies grow taller at different 

rates and end up at different heights. 

(How boring would it be if everyone were 

the same?) Over the next three to four 

. years of.Ldezelopment, _gu.ys _eventually 

reach their adult size. 

Puberty: Don't Sweat It 

Now a few words about teen sweat. You may 

already be aware (if you have older teen 

brothers and sisters) that it's very different 

from kids' sweat. Ooohh, yeah, very different. 

For starters, there's just more of it. Who 

would think that so much liquid could 

come out of one person! The areas most 

affected are the armpits and around the seat 

of the pants. That's because one kind of 

sweat gland, the apocrine gland, is found 

mostly in those areas. Teens no longer emit 

sweet, cutesy kiddy sweat. They start getting 

adultlike B.O. (That's "body odor," 

although it could just as well stand for 

"breathing off!") 

As long as you wash regularly (that's 

daily-maybe twice daily!) usi~g soap or a 

shower wash, your natural body smells are 

mostly OK and even attractive. The B.O. bit 

comes in when someone hasn't washed and 

the sweat hits the air and doesn't have time 

to evaporate. Yep, that's when 

people definitely want to 

turn all breathing of£! An 

antiperspirant/deodorant 

-can also help keep sweat 

and odor under control. 

How to win ftiends 

and influence people? 

Use deodorant under 

your arms every day. 

Change your underwear 

daily. Make 

sure your clothes are clean. Take a moment 

to smell your T-shirts before you decide it's 

OK to wear them one more time. Wear 

underwear and clothing made of natural 

fibers, like cotton. They allow moisture to 

be absorbed and keep you feeling drier. 

Drink plenty of water. Water can keep 

your sweat glands (the glands that cool you 

down by releasing moisture) active and 

water down the smells from your body. Stay 

off the sugary drinks; they make your sweat 

glands work harder. Plus, drinking a lot of 

water helps keep your breath sweet for any 

up-close-and-personal encounters that you 

may be hoping to have sometime in your 

teen future. (Good .luck.) 

Mood-O-Meter 

Puberty isn't just about getting pimples and 

body hair. You also have all kinds of 

magnificent flying moods and emotions to 

look forward to. Remember, you've got 

your hormones working in top gear, and 

they don't just affect your changing body; 

they affect how you think and feel about 

yourself and other people. 

During puberty, you may be feeling all 

the feelings you had before puberty but 

more often and sometimes more intensely. 

There's just so much drama. So for your own 

puberty mood-a-meter, you might start the 

Ig 

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280 


morning feeling OK and then suddenly feel 

boa-hao sad because on the way to school 

the cute guy on your street (whom you've 

been in love with all week) didn't even look 

at you when you finally got over the butterflies 

in your stomach and said hello. Then 

when you arrive at school, the mood-a-meter 

zooms to feeling reeeaaaally angry with your 

best friend because she keeps talking, talking, 

talking about her favorite subject (her hair!), 

and you didn't get to tell her about the guy. 

Knowing what to 

expect is the first 

step to feeling more 

in control of your 

changing body, 

By lunchtime, you may be feeling both 

"Ahhh!" (as in scared) and "Woo-hoo!" (as 

in happy) because you were invited to a party 

on the weekend by none other than the sister 

of the cute guy down the street! (Maybe he 

just didn't see you when you said hello?) 

By the time you get home, you just want to 

go into your room with a peanut butter 

sandwich and lie down, but your little 

brother keeps screaming that he wants you 

to go with him to the mall. Look out 

... there goes the mood-a-meter again! 

Given that all your friends are going 

through similar emotions at the same time, 

you will probably find yourself feeling very, 

very tired. Many teens find that they want 

to eat like there's no tomorrow (building up 

all the energy for the next ride on the emotional 

roller coaster!) and sleep lots of sleep. 

Having feelings can be hard work! 

Dealing With Emotions 

What emotional ride are you on? Can you 

tell when you've switched emotions? Do 

you know how your moods affect other 

people? What do you do about all this emotional 

stuff? Does it ever go away? 

Well, we're all emotional beings. 

Haven't you noticed that about adults? 

Being a grown-up doesn't mean you don't 

feel anymore. It's just getting to know 

which emotions you're feeling when and, 

by understanding them, feeling more in 

control of them. The confusing bit is feeling 

so many things and not knowing which is 

which. So how do you deal? 

• Put your thoughts in writing. Keep a journal, 

something that's private, only for your 

eyes, where you can let it all hang out. 

• Try this out. Take a moment to ask yourself, 

"What am I feeling right now?" 

Stop. Close your eyes. Take a deep breath 

and wait for an answer. 

• Talk to someone you know and trust. 

Believe me, that person was once in your 

shoes. So take the time to corner a parent, 

an older brother or sister, a cousin, a 

teacher, your local minister, an aunt, or an 

uncle. Let that person know what's going 

on, even if it sounds mixed up and jumbled. 

As sure as anything, he or she will 

have gone through the same feelings and 

moods-unless the person miraculously 

skipped. puberty and went straight to 

being an adult. 

So when the old mood-a-meter is tipping 

from happy to angry and back again, just 

take a deep breath. Your emotions are 

totally normal, even when they seem totally 

mixed up. And as for the oily face, the new 

hair, the changing shape, and the grown-up 

sweat-they're all signs that you're headed 

in the right direction. 

GD 

Shushann Movsessian, a psychotherapist, is 

the author of the book Puberty Girl (2005). 

She has led workshops on puberty for more 

than a decade. 


281 


Billy Gilman on the Highs and Lows of Puberty 

Vocal changes during puberty 

can produce unexpected 

squeaks and croaks. Many boys 

find this embarrassing. For singer 

Billy Gilman, however, the consequences 

were more serious.At age 

11, Gilman was the youngest person 

to hit Billboard's Country 

Singles Chart. His 2000 album 

One Voicewent platinum. In 2001, 

he won numerous music awards 

and was nominated for a Grammy. 

He was 14 and at the height of his 

success when his voice changed. 

He suddenly lost his ability to hit 

the high notes. Gilman thought his 

career was over. Now 17, Billy is 

back from a two-year break with a 

j 

(9 new album, Everything and More. 

~ He spoke to ùmem Health about 

how hitting pubertychangedhis life. 

f 

ß 

CH: When did you first notice that 

your voice was changing? 

BG: Toward the end of my 

Christmas tour in 2002, I felt that 

my high notes were hard to hit. I 

thought I was just tired. But I was 

getting nervous [thinking] what if 

it's what everyone is saying it 

was-the voice change? 

CH: Whendid youfind out for sure? 

BG: I went to the VanderbiltVoice 

Clinic in Nashville.They shovedthis 

great big metal tube with a camera 

on the end down my throat. Then 

they have you sing a couple of 

notes. They knew I was changing 

because [my vocal chords] were 

vibrating slower. They were growing, 

and when they start to stretch 

they get very weak. [The doctors] 

said don't sing at all. I stopped 

singing altogether for a whole year. 

CH: Howdid youhandlethat? 

BG: My voice was always 

there. Now I was scared to 

sing. I didn't know what was going 

to come out. I never really squeaked 

like Peter Brady on The Brady 

Bunch. But there were times I 

would go to sing and nothing 

would come out. 

CH: It must have been a pretty 

rough time for you. 

BG: My parents and grandparents 

were nervous too. They saw how 

depressed and almost neurotic I 

became.I got mean. I would stay at 

my house. I wouldn't want to do 

anything. Peopleexpected so much 

of me, and I couldn't give it. I had 

trucks and buses and a whole 

crew, and they didn't have jobs. 

CH: Were you worried that you 

might never be able to sing again? 

BG: I was talking to people who 

went through it, like [singer] Donny 

Osmond, and he has a fantastic 

voice now. That made it easier, 

knowing that there was a light at 

the end of the tunnel. But I had to 

hear [my voice] to believe it was 

going to come back. Not being able 

to do what you love is scary. It's like 

a tease, too, having all these great 

fans and [having it] all of a sudden 

stop. But my fans were cheering 

me on. I got thousands of letters. 

CH: Billy, how is your voice different 

now? 

BG: My voice is deeper.... I can't 

sing any of myoid songs now. 

They're too high. I'll play something 

that I did and it's so different. 

[The song] "One Voice" we've lowered 

[by] four keys. It's a more 

adult sound. [My voice change] 

really has opened a door to let me 

grow up. 

When puberty changed singer Billy Gilman's voice, he worried that his career 

might end. But he's still singing-with a newer, stronger sound. 

Currenl Health 1 January 2006 13

~ 

282 


CHi: moderator Betsy Dru Tecco 

Dr__Ann: Ann Gregarie Kulze, M.D. 

Ms__Holt: Katrina Holt, registered dietitian 

Dr__Jay: Susan Jay, M.D. 

, 

JackK: eighth grader from South Carolina 

Fryz: sixth grader from Pennsylvania 

Taffyii:sixth grader from Pennsylvania 

CHAT 

CHi: Hi, everyone. Welcome to Current Health's CH@Room. Today, we've lined up three 

medical professionals to talk about the importance of paying attention to what 

you eat ... especially now. When you're going through puberty, you're in a major growth spurt, 

and you need to stay fueled. 

Taffyii: Growth spurt? Puberty? EEEUUUW! ® That's disgusting . 

CHi: Puberty is a lot of things, but it's far from disgusting. If you're a girl between ages 8 

and 14 or a boy between ages 10 and 15, you're going through changes and growth that lead 

to adulthood. And really, isn't that a little exciting? You're growing so fast. 

MSo_Holt: The increased rate of growth that occurs during these years is second only to the 

rate during the first year of life. 

Taffyii:R-U serious? That much? 

CHi: That's a lot, I know. It has to do with natural chemicals 

known as hormones. 

Dro_Ann: Hormones 

released by the brain cause all parts of the body to grow.

283 

Union-Endicott

284 


book Your Child: Victim or Bully? Sheras 

points out that "chances are ... if [a victim] 

has been tormented regularly by this bully, 

he will not win an outright fight with him." 

Sheras says, "It's important to remember 

that bullies always choose victims who are 

weaker, younger, smaller, or less powerful 

than themselves in some way." 

Jasmine is mistaken in her belief that bullying 

is always physical. She needs to realize 

that most bullying is actually verbal or 

relational. Verbal bullying involves saying 

cruel things to another person. In relational 

Each time you act, 

you make your school 

a less scary place. 

bullying, the bully might try to cause pain 

by leaving someone out of the group 

("Nobody sit with Jasmine today.") or by 

spreading rumors. Those kinds of bullying 

can hurt even more than the physical kind. 

People have a lot of wrong ideas about 

bullying. Some of the ideas make things 

easier for bullies. Did you take the Bully 

Smart quiz on page 18? If you did, did you 

figure out that every statement on the quiz 

is false? Yet many people-like Jasmine, 

Patel, and Patel's grandfather-believe that 

those things are true. 

Victims Need Help 

One wrong idea in particular gives bullies a 

lot of power. "A lot of books and moviesand 

many adults-will tell you that it's up 

to the person being bullied to do something 

to stop it," says Stan Davis. Davis is a social 

worker and the author of the book Schools 

Where Everyone Belongs. He gives workshops 

that help teachers and students deal 

with bullies. Davis says it is important for 

everyone to remember that "bullying is not 

caused by the behavior of the person being 

bullied." It is therefore not fair to expect 

that person to solve the problem on his or 

her own. In fact, it is unlikely that the victim 

will be able to solve the problem alone. 

"People talk about 'standing up to the bully,' 

about 'walking tall and proud.' In real life, 

these methods rarely work," Davis says. 

Victims of bullying need help-from 

teachers, parents, school officials, and 

sometimes even the police. They especially 

need help from fellow students, often the 

only witnesses to the bullying. If you are a 

witness, you might feel scared to act out 

against the bully or to support the victim. 

But really, each time you act, you make 

your school a less scary place. When you 

take away power from bullies and relieve 

victims of stress and anger, you make your 

school-and yourself-safer. 

The Right Thing to Do 

So what should you do if you are a victim 

of, or a witness to, bullying? One of the 

most important things you can do is telling 

an adult. "Adults have the power to make a 

difference," says Davis, "and it isn't childish 

to tell. After all, if someone assaults or 

harasses your parents or robs your house, 

they are supposed to call the police-and no 

one calls that tattling." 

If you do report, Davis says, you should 

"insist on being protected from retaliation 

for telling." Some schools have anonymous 

tip lines that keep students from putting 

themselves at risk. Even if your school 

doesn't have one, you can report anonymouslyover 

the Internet at sites such as 

www.bullystoppers.com. That Web site will 

pass along your report to school officials. 

What if you report to an adult and that 

person fails to act? "Then I would suggest 

you tell another adult," says Davis, "and 

keep telling until you find someone who 

will help you." 

Let's say you're one of the people who 

watched as Patel was shoved against the 

~ 

285 


I 

! . 

l 

'I 

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wall. What could you do 

besides report the incident? 

Davis recommends that 

witnesses reach out "to the 

bullied student as a friend, 

either during the bullying 

("Come with me and we 

can go hang out somewhere 

else.") or later. Walk with 

that person in-the- hall sc 

[he or she] won't be alone 

and vulnerable," he says. In relational bullying, a bully might leave someone out of the group. 

"Bullies look for young 

people who are isolated and without 

friends. Every time you reach out in friendship 

to someone who is left out, you make 

that person safer." 

All Together Now 

As a victim or witness, you should learn 

what your school's policies on bullying are. 

Talk about them with your classmates, 

teachers, and parents. State your concern if 

you think policies need to be changed or 

aren't being followed. 

Every time you reach 

out in friendship ... 

you make that 

person safer. 

"I think schools need to have more peer 

mediators," says Tyler, 12, of Coloma, Wis. 

"I think bullies should not be allowed in 

school until they agree to behave better," 

says Mikaela, 10, of Twin Lakes, Wis. 

Anti-bullying laws are currently in place 

in 15 states. And if yours isn't one of them? 

Last spring, 15-year-old Caitlin Nolan 

succeeded in getting such a law passed in 

her home state of Tennessee. She did it by 

contacting state legislators and persuading 

them to sponsor an anti-bullying bill. 

Anything you do that gets people E' 

thinking and talking about bullying can be ~ 

a big help. For instance, you might consider ~ 

writing a letter about bullying to the editor¡ 

of a local or school newspaper. In Tucson, ~ 

Ariz., students at Ford Elementary SchoolID 

wrote and performed plays about bullying. 

They collected their performances on a 

DVD. They have also written a book titled 

Kids Talk About Bullying. Copies of the 

book and the DVD have been sent to many 

other schools in the Tucson area. 

Students at some schools have started 

their own anti-bullying clubs or "peace 

programs." At Hillsboro High School in 

Nashville, students wrote a pledge and urged 

fellow students to sign it. In the pledge, the 

young people promised not to mock or bully 

those who acted, looked, dressed, or talked 

differently from themselves. 

Victims do not have to stand alone. 

"[Being bullied] is one of the worst things 

that has ever happened to me," said 

Stephanie, 13, of Chicago. "I was scared all 

the time. I didn't want to get out of bed in 

the morning. I didn't want to go to school. 

I would do anything I could to keep another 

kid from having to go through that." GlI) 

~,~,,~~,,~,,; 


286 


YOUR 

CHOICES 

Advertisers spend big bucks getting you 

to buy what they sell. Here's how to think 

your way through an ad attack. 

By Julie Mehta 

ere it is! The next big thing! 

Try this, and you'll have 

more friends than you can 

count. Good times. All 

you have to do is use this shampoo ... wear 

this shoe ... buy this kind of gum. 

If all advertisements were this obvious, 

you'd just ignore them. "If I'm an advertiser, 

I don't want you to think I'm an advertiser, 

so I'll make ads look like news or make 

them so appealing and fun you forget it's 

advertising," says David Walsh, president of 

the National Institute on Media and the 

Family. "Advertisers aim for your emotions. 

The last thing they want you to do is think." 

Maybe you mute the TV when ads come 

on. But did you realize companies place 

their products in your favorite TV shows? 

Did you know that corporations comb 

through blogs, looking for what's hot? 

Have you heard that ads can go directly to 

your cell phone or MP3 player? 

Welcome to "teen world." Companies 

are working harder than ever to attract your 

dollars. And if you want to stay above it all, 

you need to know this: You have choices. 

Cool Cash 

At 33 million strong, to day's student generation 

is the biggest ever. Last year, teens 

spent more than $100 billion and influenced 

their parents to spend another $50 

billion. That's why every day you have to 

deal with an ever-growing number of media 

messages. 

Advertisers prey on the desire to be cool. 

"Teens ... have a need to belong to a peer 

group and be popular, so many ads will give 

the impression that if you [do this or that], 

you'll have friends," says Lynda Bergsma, 

president of the Alliance for a Media 

Literate America. 

Experts say the typical American teen sees 

3,00.0 ads a day. Many of those messages 

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work to weaken self-esteem. Others urge 

buying or doing something that's not 

entirely healthful, like trying a fad diet orat 

the other extreme-eatíng sugary snacks. 

"I always feel pressure to do things that 

are not good for my health, but I don't give 

in to it most of the time," says 'lé-year-old 

Belinda from San Francisco. "I don't think 

kids my age are very informed with health 

issues because they are most concerned 

with being cool." 

Keeping It Real 

Depending on the kind of product they're 

hawking, advertisers don't appeal to just 

your good side (or your 

hungry side). Many ads 

try to make you feel as 

though you're lacking 

something. Ads that show 

ultra-skinny or super-muscular 

bodies give normalsized 

teens a message that 

they aren't good enough. 

Advertisers do that to 

keep teens buying products. 

They give the impression 

that the products will 

make them more attractive, 

cooler, and happier. 

Last year, both Dove 

and Nike launched 

campaigns .celebrating 

normal-sized women. The 

ads challenge the idea that model-thin 

beauty is ideal. But even positive messages 

have a bottom line-to sell you a product 

and build brand loyalty. 

Sneak Peek 

Maybe, like Jason of Brooklyn, N.Y., you 

already have a sense of how powerful advertísing 

is. "Most of my friends are aware of 

media manipulatíon but still fall into the trap 

because they want to be cool and do what 

others are doing," says the Lé-year-old. 

~ 


289 


,Advertisers 

aim for your emotions. 

The last thing they 

want you to do is 

think.' 

But ads don't always announce themselves. 

"When a character is in a kitchen 

and there are Doritas on the counter, or 

someane's in a mall and [passes] a Coca- 

Cola sign, [those brands] don't just happen 

to be there," says Bergsma. "Everything is 

carefully placed-s-it's a constructed reality." 

A Friendly Message? 

Advertisers have many tools. To find out 

what teens think about products, corporations 

conduct focus gro.ups-small 

groups of people studied as a-sample of . 

public opinion. Now they've taken.things 

one step further. Teens often look to their 

peers to see what's in. So companies are 

recruiting teens to sample new products 

and then spread the word about them. 

For example, a kid may get movie tickets 

to a preview or a discount at a store in 

exchange for talking up the movie or 

telling friends to go to the shop. 

"Marketers are finding new ... ways to 

reach out. One is stealth marketingusing 

one peer to approach another or 

having a party around a product," says 

Marilyn Cohen, director of. the Teen 

Futures Media Network. 

"Corporations are [also] studying teen 

blogs," says Cohen. "They'll take the 

blaggers and their parents out to dinner 

and tell them some things they can mention 

in their blogs-casually-about particular 

products." 

Many companies scan blogs to find out 

what people are talking about. Then they 

sell this research to marketers. Some 

marketers are even looking to advertise in 

the blogs themselves. 

Advertisers are finding their way into 

other types of new media as well. For 

instance, they're trying to get their ads 

into "podcasts"-audio broadcasts over 

the Internet that can be downloaded to 

MP3 players. 

Cell phones-are-the-next frontier, It may 

not be long before you're walking through a 

mall and see an ad for a new ice cream place 

in the food court right on your phone screen. 

Five Questions to 

Ask About Ads 

So how do you cut through the buzz? Keep 

your brain turned on. Analyze the media 

messages you receive. The Center for Media 

Literacy encourages asking five basic 

questions about each message. 

(!) Who created it? 

® What techniques does it use to attract 

my attention? 

@ How might other people perceive this 

message differently than I do? 

@ Which values, lifestyles, and points of 

view are represented, and which have 

been left out? 

® Why was this message sent? 

You can be smart about the many messages 

being thrown at you. You just need to 

decide to stay aware of who's trying to get 

into your wallet. 

GlD 


290 


YOUR 

WORLD 

I 

It 

Inspiration From a Young Cancer Patient 

By Jessica Cohn 

David Dingman-Grover was having • 

powerful headaches. The doctors ~ 

-o 

treating him found a tumor the size of ~ 

a grapefruit at the base af his skull. 

The Virginia boy, 9, underwent treatment that 

shrank the growth to something more like a 

peach pit. The change was dramatic, but the 

cure was not complete. The tumor was near the 

main vessel that supplies blood to the brain. 

For a while, David could not walk or eat. He 

lost much of his eyesight. Yet he remained 

upbeat. He playfully named his tumor Frank, 

short for Frankenstein's monster. The horror 

creature had scared him when he was younger. 

This February, David will mark a year of health 

and 12 months free of Frank. The Iû-year-old is 

out of bed and has taken up karate. "I can stretch 

a lot now," he tells CR1. "I can put my ankle 

behind my head." 

"This is awesome for us," says his dad, 

Bryn Grover. 

At this time last year, doctors planned to cut 

into David's face and skull to remove the tumor 

and test it. His parents were desperate to cover 

the expenses. David's mom created a bumper 

sticker that said "Frank Must Die" and posted it 

on eBay in an attempt to raise funds. 

That's when things turned for the better. 

? 

I 

umor 

National news outlets 

picked up the story. 

Donations flowed in. 

Dr. Hrayr Shahinian, 

of the Skull Base 

Institute in Los Angeles, 

examined David to 

see whether his tumor 

could be treated with 

a newer, less invasive 

method. The answer? 

Yes, he could. 

The doctor sent a 

scope through David's 

nose and pulled out most of the tumor. Then he 

performed a biopsy, a test to see whether the 

tumor was activé with cancer. "Frank is now dead 

and gone and never to return," David announced 

jokingly after his treatment. 

"I guess humor is probably the best medicine 

possible," says David's mom, Tiffini Dingman- 

Grover. She recalls a time when they put cola in 

David's urine sample to trick the nurses and make 

them laugh. "Even at the gravest moments, we 

always found something to laugh at." 

David's story has been an inspiration. "This 

kid lost his hair and a lot of weight, yet all of that 

did not make him a bitter child. He still carried 

himself with dignity. He had grace. He had 

hope," says Shahinian. "A year later, there is the 

tremendous sense of gratitude that I was able to 

save a life, an important life, a young life." GID 

26 January 2006 Current"Health 1

291 


~ 

~ 

F 

:ll 

ffi 

o 

INVESTIGATION 

Blue babies are born with 

hearts that prevent their 

blood from receiving much 

oxygen. As a result, their skin 

looks blue, and they are 

weak and lack energy. Before 

Taussig's discoveries, some 

children born with this defect 

died within days of birth. 

Because Taussig was hard 

of hearing, it was difficult for 

her to hear a baby's heartbeat, 

even with a stethoscope. 

She was 

forced to learn to 

use her sense of 

touch to distinguish 

a normal heartbeat 

---from-an-irregular-one~ ----- 

Her hands-on approach 

.~ 

~ led her to discover that blue 

~E" 

ro babies have improper blood 

'ól 

ro flow between one part of the 

heart and the lungs. 

. .... .. 

...... 

True-Blue Doctor 

fevery thousand 

. babies born in the 

United States, eight have 

broken hearts-that is, some 

kind of heart disorder that 

developed before they were 

born. One of the most serious 

of those problems is blue 

baby syndrome. 

Until just over 60 years 

ago, blue babies were lucky 

to live for more than a few 

years. But then a woman 

with her own childhood 

challenges, Dr. Helén Taussig 

(1898-1986), came along and 

saved them. 

An early brush with 

whooping cough left Taussig 

nearly deaf. As a student, she 

struggled with dyslexia, a 

learning disability that made 

it difficult for her to decode 

words and read. The doctor 

overcame her difficulties and 

attended Johns Hopkins 

University, one of the few 

schools that allowed women 

to study medicine at the time. 

There she concentrated on 

pediatric cardiology, the 

study of diseases and functions 

of children's hearts. 

SOLUTION 

Taussig knew that rerouting 

blood from the heart to the 

lungs would help. Working 

with two other doctors in 

1944, she found a way to 

place an artery between the 

lungs and the heart. (An 

artery is a blood vessel that 

carries blood away from the 

heart.) That gave the blood 

going to the heart a burst 

of oxygen. 

CASE CLOSED 

Eventually, open-heart 

surgery made it possible to 

correct the defect that 

caused blue baby syndrome. 

But until then, Taussig's 

method saved thousands of 

young lives around the world. 

In 1964, President Lyndon 

Johnson awarded Taussig the 

Presidential Medal of 

Freedom. A year later, she 

became the first woman to 

head the American Heart 

Association. 


292 


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293 


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I live in Reseda, California, and I'm bored, bored, bored, especially after 

school. But I love basketball season. That's when I get to rock. I'm the 

center on the Sparks. That's my school team. I also play in a city league. 

I went to tai chi class today. I'm in the 3:30 class, and school let out at 3. 

My mom was late to pick me up at school, so we ended up tearing up the 

highway and barely made it on time. Then she was late again to pick me up, so I 

went with my friend Cally to the 7/Eleven across the street. You know who we saw there? ... 

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What~sUp, Doc?.. ..... 

.., 

e's foot is a skin problem that 

shows up between the toes. 

signs are dryness and itching. 

Sl scale off. It may look red 

and hot. Sometimes blisters form. 

And when those break, the skin is 

raw and exposed. 

What causes athlete's foot? It's a 

fungus, which is a kind of parasite, or 

something that lives off other living 

things. A fungus flourishes in darkness 

and dampness. Because you can't see 

foot fungus with your eyes, it easily 

hides around swimming pools, showers, 

and locker rooms. That's how we 

got the notion of "athlete's" foot. Most 

people who use locker rooms are 

involved with athletics. 

The cleanliness of a locker room 

is usually out of your control. But 

you can practice good foot 

hygiene. Wash your feet daily with 

soap and water. Change your shoes 

and socles often so moisture can't 

build up. You can also use a foot 

powder, if necessary. And you can wear 

shower shoes-to keep your feet away 

from infected surfaces. 

If you get athlete's foot, treat it, 

and if it's still with you after two 

weeks, see a doctor. Sometimes 

antibiotics can help. 

Tinea pedis is the fancy name for athlete's foot. Tinea 

is a fungus that can grow on skin, hair, or nails, The 

word pedis refers to the foot. 


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t - New York Civil Liberties Union

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