1'!it - DSpace@GIPE

", '-. 

..... " 

-., .. 

.' BULLETIN OF 'tHE UNITED 'TATES }' ','" 5'::;': N :,' r:.6· '0' . 

BUREAU OF LABOR STAT sTies i,:, . 

-:;, .' 

I 

I, 

~:. ' 

. "', 

,~', '.-. MA.RCH. tAl -, 

\.:

. 'Dbananjayuao Gadgil Libmy 0;: • 

UNITED STATES DEPAd WlIIBm~mmEIIilIll t~ 

. W.If. DC>.\X,. ~~-PUNE-ll3861(j, 

BUREAU OF LABORi5l'i1u I:lI-ROI:r~""'-' . 

ETHELBERT STEWART, C til 

BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES ~ 

. . . 

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS No. 560 

WACES AND HOURS OF LABOR SERIES 

.. 

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR 

IN THE LUMBER INDUSTRY IN 

THE UNITEP STATES: 1930 

. 

~. 

(~ is J 

~ 1- 

~.dI~ 

MARCH,.UI 

. 

I 

UNITED STATES· .... ·· 

COVERNMENT PRlNTINC OFFICB 

WASHINGTON.11lI 

. 

........ ..-: ...... n& n ., DM7'cn. w_ •• , ... Do c;. 

I 

•

CONTENTS 

Sawmilla: 

Introduction and summary _____________ .. _______________ ... _____ _ 

Average hours and eamlnga, 1928 and 1930, by Stateo ____________ _ 

Average and claaBified eaminga per hour, 1910 to 1930 ____________ _ 

Regular or oustomary hours of operation per week and per day ____ _ 

Changes in full-time hours per .week ____________________________ _ 

Chang .. ·in wage rateo alnce June 1, 1928 ________________________ _ 

Overtime and SUIlday and holiday work, 1930 ___________________ _ 

Bonus systems ___ .......... _____ .. __ .. ________ ........ __ .. ___ .... __ ........ ____ _ 

Ind.x numbers of employment and of pay rolls, 1923 to 1930 ______ _ 

Lumb~r produced in·the United Stateo in 1927 ___________________ _ 

Importance of the lumber industry _____________________________ _ 

Scope andmethod _____________________________________________ ' 

OccupatioDB _________________________________________________ _ 

General tables-- 

TULII A.-Average number of days on whiohemplQyeeeworked 

in one week, average full-time and aotual hours and earnings 

per week~ average earnings per hour, and per cent of full time 

worked, 1930. by occupation and State ___________________ _ 

TABLII B.-Average and c1888i6.ed earnings per hour in eight 

specified occupations, 1930, by State ______________ '-_______ _ 

TABLII C.-Average and claasified full-time hoU1'8 per week in 

eight specified occupations, 1930, by State _________________ _ 

LogginS campa, 

w_ and hours In logging camps in 1930 ______________________ _ 

General table- 

TABLII D.-Number of employees, full-time hours per week, 

and rateo of wages in logging camps, 1930. by State and 

o('cupation .. ____ .. ________________ .... __________ .. ________ .. _ 

ApPElNDIlt A.-8awmill occupational terms and defiDitions __ .. ________ .. 

ApPBNDIX B.-Gloaaa.ry of occupational terms used in logging operation!_ 

JII 

Pap 

1 

5 

6 

10 

15. 

15 

18 

19 

20 

21 

23 

24 

25 

27 

37 

42 

45 

47 

69 

79

BULLETIN OF THE 

U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 

NO. 180 WASHINGTON MARCH. liD 

WAGES AND HOURS OF UBOR IN THE LUMBER INDUSTRY 

IN THE UNITED STATES, 1930 

SAWMILLS 

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 

Average eo.rnings per hour of wage earners in the lumber industry 

in the United States were 35.9 cents in 1930, or 1.2 cents per hour less 

than in 1928, the last year prior to 1930 in which a study of the 

industry was made; average full-time hours per week were 56.5 in 

1930 or one-tenth of an hour per week less than in 1928; and average 

full-time eo.rnings per week were $20.28 in 1930 and $21.00 in 1928. 

These averages are for male8 only and were computed by the Bureau 

of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, from wage figures collected 

by agents of the bureau from the pay rolls and other records of representative 

sawmills, as were the averages that are presented in Table 

1 for each of the specified years from 1910 to 1925. 

Averages are also pven in the table by years for each of 24 important 

occupations in the mdustry and for the group designated as "other 

employees." The group includes wage earners in all occupations other 

than those in the 24 important occupations, because there was not a 

sufficient number of wage earners in any occupation in the group to 

warrant segregation. Inde.""t numbers of the averages are shown 

in the last three columns of the table, with the 1913 average the base, 

or 100 per cent. The averages and index numbers for the industry 

are at the beginning of the table and are followed by those for each of 

the iml?ortant oocupations in the industry. 

The mdustry aver~es for the specified years from 1910 to 1921 are 

for the w~e earners m .elecled OCC1Lpati0n8 only and are comparable 

one year Wlth another. Those for the years 1921 to 1930 are for wage 

earners in aU occupations, including those in the group of "other 

~mployees," and are also comparable one year with another, but 

should not be compared with the averages for .elected oecupations. 

Two sets of averages are shown for 1921~ne for 33,115 wage earners 

in the selected occupations in 279 sawmills and the other for 45,667 

wage earners in all ocoupations in the same 279 sawmills, including 

12552 in the group "other employees." 

The index numbers for the industry are for the purpose of having 

comparable figures, one year Wlth another, over the entire 

period from 1910 to 1930. The index for each specified year from 

1910 to 1921 is the per cent that the averag;e for the yeM is of the 

average for 1913. The index for each specified year from 1921 to 

1930 was computed by increasing or decreasing the 1921 index for the 

wage earners m the .elfCted OCC1Lpati0n8 in proportion to the increase 

1

2 SAWMILLS 

or decrease in the average for the year as compared with 1921 averages 

for s.ll occupations.· . . 

Average full-time hours per week for the industry increased from 

s.n index of 100.3 in 1910 to 100.5 in 1911 and 100.7 in 1912; decreased 

to 100 in 1913 and 1915, to 91.8 in 1919; increased to 93.6 in 1921 and 

to 93.8 in 1923 and 1925; then decreased to 91.3 in 1928 and to 91.2 

in 1930. The decrease between 1913 and 1930 was 8.8 rer cent. 

Average earnings per hour decreased from.s.n index 0 97.3 in 1910 

to 95.1 in 1911, increased to 96.2 in 1912 s.nd to 100 in 1913, decreased 

to 91.4 in 1915 and increased to 194.6 in 1919. From this high point or 

peak there was a drop of 14.4 per cent to 166.5 in 1921; then an. increase 

to 180.5 in 1923; a decrease to 178.0 in 1925; an increase to 

184.9 in 1928; and a decrease to 179.0 in 1930. The increase between 

1913 and 1919 was 94.6 per cent, and the decrease between 1919 s.nd 

1930 was 8 per cent. 

Average full-time earnings per week decreased from an index of 

97.6 in 1910 to 95.6 in 1911; increased to 96.7 in 1912 and to 100 in 

1913; decreased to 91.5 in 1915; increased to 178.8 in 1919; decreased 

to 156.5 in 1921; increased to 169.9 in 1923; decreased to 167.6 in 

1925i increased to·169.7 in 1928; and decreased to 163.9 in 1930. 

The mcrease between 1913 and 1919 was 78.8 per cent, and the de-. 

crease between 1919 and 1930 was 8.3 per cent. Full-time earnings 

per week did not increase or decrease in tae same proportion as average 

earnings per hour because of the change from )"ear to year in 

average full-time hours per week. 

Average full-time hours per week in 1930 for the various occupations 

ranged from 55 for tallymen to 58.4 for yardmen, log. Average earnings 

per hour ranged from 24.2 cents for yardmen, log, to 88.6 cents 

for head sawyers, band. Average full-time earnings per week ranged 

from $14.13 for yardmen, log, to $49.53 for head sawyers, band. 

T ABLII I.-Average hourI and earnings, toith inde:D numberB, 1910 to 1980, by 

occupation and year 

fDrles: Dmnbera 

i Aver- 

(UU3-100) for- 

Av,"" 

Aver- 

Num· Nom· ,';j\~ .gberot 

,':fIf- 

Oceupation Year "",.1>- ber 01 ...... ,Ime 

time 

FuJI. 

Ful> 

Hshwag. 

haura In ...... .Im. E..,,· time 

men .. ........ ... In .. hoUl1 

Inp ...... 

..... "'" 

hour 

"or .or In .. 

w .... 

pe, 

hDllJ' por 

week 

week 

THE INDUSTRY 

8eJacted oc:cupatiODS.. ________ )910 23, 

1911 ... 31, '95 61. 4: .176 10.76 Joo.5 95.1 95.8 

1913 381 ...... 61.6 .178 10.89 100.7 .... ".7 

1913 381 ",'28 61.1 .1" 11.26 100.0 100.0 100,0 

1915 ... 39,819 61.1 .160 10.30 100.0 91.-4 Vl.li 

1919 141 18,C122 ... 1 .360 20.13 "1.8 1 ... 178.8 

11921 m 33,116 67.2 .... 17.62 .... 1 .... 

"... 

All ~pations..~-~a~~~pa._. 11921 .,. ".667 66.. 19.37 

."'" .._ga-S- --iinr a_-iii:i 

"na ."6,068 66.1 .38' 21.00 

1925 ... 61,193 1 .3.'i7 20.74 .... 178. 0 167 •• 

10'" "9 .... 68,007 .371 21.00 91.8 184.9 169.7 

1930 

316 61.3 $0. ISO $10.99 100.3 97.3 "' .. 

" ..... 1 .... .... ,., .... VI. 2 179.0 J6a.1 

I 2 sets tit averages are shown tor this year-I tor seJooted oecupatlona and the other tor all OCCIlpntloas ID 

the Industry. The 1910 to 1921 averages for selected ooou.pationa are comparable one '1f11At with adoa-, .. 

are those tor aU occupations from J92J. to Igao. .

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 3 

TABLB I.-Average Iwtw, and taming., with indG numNr., 1910 to 1980, by 

occupation. and year-Continued 

A .... A..,. 

N .... Nom· ~ 

age 

be, Of ,,",Of ..".. 

Ooctlpatlon y.., estnb- 

" ... tim. In .. 

""'on boun p" 

A .... 

~ 

tim. 

..",. 

In .. 

P" 

" ... 

Indu numbci 

(UU3_100) far- 

"am- 

"" 

Full· 

tim. 

houn In .. 

po> 

weak hom 

Folltim. 

....... 

J:,. 

.... 

BY OCCUPATIONS 

ODd men._ ••••__•••____•••• '028 ,.... .... 10 ..... 

,... ... '.... . 

p 

y ardmen, 1oK ..______________ 

1028 67 .• '''' 

.. 837 .... .... 

8Wyan. huad. band.. _____ ..__ UUO ... 81.2 

• .... 

19U ... 61.' . 

"'" 

..., 

1913 288 , 61.' .... 

1913 288 ... .0.7 

1915 

. 

288 072 61.0 

1019 · 

'''' 67.' .7" "'. 

"21 26' 

..., 

• 1.8 .707 

'923 ... 61.' .... 

1m 

" 67. T .877 

1928 ... ... , • 887 

ID30 288 007 .... .... 

."yen, head, olrcallU'. _____ lIno .. 81 61.' 

• 

1911 72 .. '01' 

., ... IIO .... 

lUIS .. '28 82. .618 

1916 ,. DB , .... 

lUl9 30 

61.' • 7

4 SAWMILLS 

TABLE I.-Average hours and earning8, with inde:c number" 1910 to 1980, "" 

occupation and flea~ontinued . 

OccnpatlOD Year "".bber 

of 

lotlox Dumbm!; 

A .... (1913-100) for- 

A· ... A .... 

Num- Num- ... 

bero( 

age 

full· 

f~r. 

..",. ,1m, Ful~ 

tlma 

FnIl- 

Usbw 

... hours 

In .. .. ro- time 

Rom- time 

meD" earners per 

per In,_ 

hours In .. ...... 

hour per 

week 

per PO' In .. 

week 

week 

hour per 

week 

BY OCCUPATlON8-Continded 

S&wyen, re3llw. ______• __._._ 1911 .. If 

1912 138 '07 80.7 .2M lli,41 100.0 07.3 07.7 

1913 133 '92 60.7 .26' 1>.77 100.0 100.0 100,0 

1915 '62 216 60 .• .24. 14. 67 10113 02 .• .... 

1919 .7 111 ".2 ,471 28.00 00 .• lSO.5 HH.9 

'02' 

23. 66.8 • 46.1 

'" 

"'... 91. 9 177. " 163,9 

1023 131 25. ".7 .403 27." 91. 8 188.9 174.1 

1025 1>2 29. ".9 .... zr.34 9>1 187. " 173.4 

1028 '73 ... .... .475 28.22 00 .• 182. 0 166.3 

,..... '83 307 ".7 • 460 "'... 91.8 116.2 ,.... 

Sawyers, small saws .0_____ '930 27. 1,583 .... .314 17. Sf -------- -------- -.--_..... 

EdgermsD. ________________ 1910 .. 15.M ,00. • 9S.1 93.1 

, ... 61. 

• 60.7 $0.2112 $l5. .. '00. • .... ... 

2 

11)11 299 ... 61. 3 .280 ."" Jtj.86 100. 5 07 •• 07.f 

1912 38' 751 61.2 .262 16.97 '00.3 97.8 .& , 

1913 38' 754 .268 18.28 100.0 100.0 100.0 

'L. 

1915 348 7 •• 61.0 .26' 15.32 ,00. • 94 .• 94.1 

1919 14. 314 57._ • .4liO 26.68 94.3 161,9 169.0 

1921 279 727 67.6 .437 2li. 13 94.3 163.1 1M." 

. 

1923 262 138 57.' .492 28.111 113.6 J83.6 '725 

'.26 298 

" .... 57.8 'r..06 94.8 174.6 100.2 

,.28 3'8 .28 7 .470 "'.85 ...... 176.4 163.7 

,..... 823 SO< .... .461 26.00 02._ 172. 0 169.7 

Edger tallet'L ________________ 1028 272 708 56.7 .319 18.99 -------- ."._---- -_.----- 

UI30 

.801 17.01 -------- -------- _.---_." 

"" 

... 

"" 

Transfer mell ________________ 

'028 172 708 ..., , 18." 

."0__.". "._----- 1930 177 575 66.2 .... 18.99 -------- -----.-- -------- 

TrImmer loaders. ____________ 

'028 21. ... .879 20.92 -------- "._----- -_.--..-- 

,..... '99 6" .... •• 58 ..... ----.--- -------- ..------ 

Trimmer operators. _________ 1910 228 61.0 '2.n 101).0 .. .. .. .. 

19n 228 

..., In.D . 211 12.85 100.0 07 •• 07.' 

IDI2 348 6" 61. 2 .... 12.73 100.3 ".3 .... 

1913 ... 533 61. 0 • 217 13.20 100.0 100.0 '00. • 

]9]5 348 584 6Ll .... '2.34 101). 2 93.S ".5 

1919 '3. 213 57.3 

."" 23.21 186.6 J1ti.1I 

)921 277 53. _.. 61.0 .330. 21.66 .... 176.1 '64., 

1923 26' .... .43• 24.47 93.3 Iml.2 185 .• 

'9" 299 600 67.7 .4'" 28.80 .... )88.5 178.8 

91.6 197.7 181. 4 

'... 308 6'8 ".8 .... 21 .U 183.4 ,.... 

Oft·bearen (gang or resaw)._. '928 

960 

"" 

.... .317 17.12 ._-.-.-. ._----.. -------- 

'930 

,.. 616 8 .aUi 17.68 -._--_._"._._._-- ._---,-- 

Graders_. ___________••••_____ '928 292 ~"2 .... '11.77 ---._-- - ._---_.. --.---- 

103. 807 2, 110 .... .474 211. 16 -------. -------- --.-_.-- 

Sorten. ________________•___• 

'028 27f ~, .. , .387 19.81 -------- ----..-- -..----- 

'930 ... 8,778 .... .... 19.02 .._-_.-. . __._.-- -------- 

'928 318 58S ".8 .429 ~ .. 

ckers. _" ______________._ '.28 293 8,137 67.8 .823 18.01 -------- -_._---- -_.._- .- 

'930 81. 3,010 58.8 .3m 11." ---_..-- -------- ---_._-- 

St&cker!l. hand. ______________ 

, 

..... 

_______ J 

'028 275 ~317 37._ .871 21. .. -------. ---_.... -------. .. .., ..- ------_. 

"" ..... 37.' .... 20.82 

'Included wJth "other employees" in 1928 and other specllled years back to IV16.

A.VERAGE HOtmS AND EARNINGS, 1928 A.ND 1930 5, 

TABLIII 1.-Aoerage hou.r, and e4rning8, with inda numbers, 1910 eo 1980, by 

occupation. and year-Continued 

Occupntloa 

.- 

Av"," 

Av"," 

Nom· Num- 

... 

ber of 

... 

ber 

fUll· 

y", of ..,.. 

6Stabw 

... 

time 

U,h· h .... In" 

m .... """US P" P" 

week 

tiour 

BY OCCUPA.TJONB-OontlDued 

Machine rood.n. plBnlng-mlD. 1911 

". 

1,16-6 61.S 10. ]79 

1912 2M 1,548 61. " .181 

ulla 

1,631 ,L I .188 

1016 '" 1,679 61.3 .176 

1910 "" 120 ... ,a90 

1921 140 831 .... 

1028 14' QOO 57.8 .... ·"" 

10,. '11 1,636 .... .390 

1028 240 1,782 ".1 .373 

TaJl)'men ••• p __ ' ____ ••••••• _. 

1028 I" ... 

Millwrights. _ •• __ 0". _________ 

Laborera. ______ .. _________ .. _._ 

Otber emp)oyeu _______ ... ____ 

• No data annable. 

1030 ... 1,838 .... .... 

."1 

1930 Il. 1'0 

100.2 

.... 

Ul.a 

91.2 

.... 

_______ . 

-------- 

100. , 

100. • 

100. , 

100 • 

100. 3 

93.6 

.... 

".1 

".1 

93.1 

"'6 

Eam· 

In" 

-hour 

.... 

117 •• 

100. 0 

.114.6 

209. , 

175. 8 

190.9 

.... , 

200. • 

106. • 

Indo): numhen 

(1913-100) (or- 

._-_._.- 

-~---.-- 

-_.---- .._---_. 

._------ 

-------- -_.._--- 

.._---- 

-------- --"'----- 

-------- 

------.- 

-------- 

-- 

-------- ---.--- 

------:- 

, 

-------- -------- 

-------- 

-------- 

117.1 

".1 

95,9 

100.0 

01.8 

201.8 

166.' 

181.3 

180. 7 

177. 2 

110. 2 

-------- 

Fun. 

time 

""". 

In" 

P" 

week 

... .,. 

100. 

94.7 

I ... 

162. • 6 

ISO. a 

un. o 

183. 2 

178.7 

, -------- -------- 

----.--- -------- 

-------- 

97.3 

05.3 

'6. 

AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS, 1928 AND 1930, BY STATES 

100. 

.21• 

189.4 

1116. , 

171. 

Table 2 shows for th~ wage earners covered in each of the 22 States 

included in the 1928 and 1930 studies of the industry average fulltime 

hours per week, average earnings per hour, and average full-time 

earnings per week. 

The purpose of this table is to make easy the comparison of the 1930 

averages for any State with those for 1928 and also the averages for 

sny one State ill either year with the IIverages for sny other State. 

Average full-time hours per week in Alabama were 60.8 in 1930 and 

60.5 in 1928; average earnings per hour were 21.8 cents in 1930 and 

24.3 cents in 1928; and average full-time earninSS per week were 

$13.25 in 1930 and $14.70 in 1928. Average earnmgs per hour and 

8,'er8j!f\ full-time earninll'l per week were less for the w"ge earners in 

15 and more in 7 St"t~ m 1930 than in 1928. 

Averagl' full-time hours per week in the ,·arinlls Statffi rang.d from 

48 to 61.3 in 1928 and from 48.1 to 61.3 in 1930. 

170 

165 • 

I'" 

•

6 

Average earnings per hour in the various States ranged from 22.7 

to 56.6 cents in 1928 and from 21.8 to 57.5 cents in 1930. 

Average full-time earnings per wel'k ranged by States from $13.67 

to $28.61 in 1928 and from $12.64 to $29.11 in 1930. 

TABLE 2.-A .... ag.lwura and """""11', lOBS and 1980, btl 81_ 

. 

Number of 

Number of A .... ~run • A ...... A vgmge ,runestablish· 

emploYeei 

time OW'l .... nln .. time es.mlnp 

mwlta ,,",week par hour ,,",week 

SIa .. 

1928 1030 1928 

...., .... 1030 

1928 1030 .... 1030 

Ala .................... 21 28 3, 747 3, '60 

"". 

".8 10.'" '" 2IB 

SI4.70 r----' 

Arknnass _____________ 

CBlilornJa..... ___________ 

FloridlL-___________ 

Georgia ••__•_____• _____ 

Id:abo __________________ 

1,813 

"'0 

... ,. 

I- I- "'oo ,,569 '" .. .... . "" 

• 301 Ii. 1M 17.61 

1. I' ..... ..... ... 1 63., .610 .64' 2861 29. U' 

12 12 2,321 2.101 .U .La .:'11 I~OO 

."" I~= 

I" .. "107 ,".8 ... 0 .244 .218 14. 47 I' 

5 1, 769 ~ 

• ... "'1 .64' .m "'26 21.81 

Kentucky_ Louisiana. ____ •••••••••••• "._______ 

" • 436 600 61.' 61 .• '34. .341 19.96 19, lit 

Maine. __ •___________ 

18 I. I, 214 4,732 00.0 • 286 .281 1&99 17 .• 

12 II 732 515 .... , .3.14 .36' :n.. m." 

M Mlchl lnneeota. ....··············1 ____________ .. I' .... 2,381 ~868 ".0 .887 .380 22.83 22.11 

Missls!lippL __________ • • ~860 '94 60.. 00 .• .409 .41:\ 24.70 

.. ~: 

Montsna..._. ___________ 

Nortb Carolina. _______ .. 

Orrc················ I. .. 

Sou b CarollnrL.. _______ 

Tennessee ______________ 

TeXBS _________________ 

Virgjnia. ____._._________ 

m 4,'" ..... ... .. , .2!lO .28' 17.28 

."" 24.7' 2821 

".0 .... 1 .... 13.10 

.""" .. ."'" ,. 27.39 

5 5 ~I" '02 '"., 62.0 .... 

3 • 2,030 

..... ..... . 3,83' "'" 

.U 

10 8 I .... 

I' ~ ~"'" 

'" 11 II 2,"'" 2,'" .... , 17.4.1 

18 

• "'" 

887 , ... .... .... 17.61 

... ... , ~8 .3'" .315 

Ill" 

60.. 00.1 .2Zt .... lao, 27'1 

I •. 

Ji. SO 

17. :I 

1& 

8:?8 003 60. I ".0 .409 .430 ~ ,".37 

69., • 363 .362 n .... 21 •• 

bO,961 .... 

w .. hln~"-••••••••.. 21 21 

'.283 6,.98 ... 1 48.1 .652 .M. 2&56 2&101 

West V rginIa.. ________ 

W1scomln.. _____________ 

'0 

• .. 

Total ______ • _____ 

.,. ... 68,007 

I" 17 ..... 2,.216 ... 

, 

~. 

.871 .... noo ""-1I8 

AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR, 1910 TO 1930 

Table 3 shows average and classified earnings per hour for the willie 

ea.rners in each of eight of the representative occupations in the industry 

for each of the specified years from 1910 to 1930 for which such 

data are ava.ilable. These occupations were selected to illustrate the 

variations in the .trend and spread of average earnings per hour of 

wage earners in a.Il occupations in the industry in each year. The 

1930 figures are for 22,102 einplo),ees or 43 :?ef cent of 50,951 included 

in the study in that year. For a like distnbution, by number, of the 

wage earners in each of these occupations in each State for 1930, see 

Table B (pp. 37 to 41).. 

Average earnings per hour for head sawyers, band, the first occu· 

pation in the table, were 54.3 cents in 1910 and 62 per cent of the 429 

covered in that ye1l.r ea.rned less than an average of 60 cents per hour. 

The average increased to 88.3 cents in 1923, when but 3 per cent of 

those covered in that year earned less than 60 cents per hour. The 

average decreased to 87.7 cents in 1925, increased to 88.7 cents in 

1928 and decreased to 88.6 cents in 1930, when 3 per cent of 597 

covered in that year earned less than 60 cents per hour and 29 per 

cent o~ them ea.rned an average of $1 or more per hour.

. _._--_._._ 

TABLE 3..-Av"ag~ and daBltijiultamingB per hour oj I!'f1IploytU in right Bpecified occupationB, 1910 to 1930, by II"" 

Occupation 

Num· 

"".. 

...... 

,." 

'91. 

J9U Ul12 ... 

J91J 288 

191a 

,.. 

1919 '20 

'02' 

25' 

ZlO 

,"-' 71. 

"" 

'028 

, ... 

, 

-...-.•............. , .. '91' 

... ... 

m 

... ... 

'913 ... 

'" 

'11'l6 ... 

J91~ ... 

)919 

102' 2fa 

...... 1911 

1012 

'Ill '''' 

1913 afJI 

1915 ... 

1910 

. 

.,. '41 

'021 

'1123 

, 

,"-' ... 

",. "8 

'''0 " 

''''' 

.., 

11130 711 

y"" eIItBb- 

IlfIb- 

Aver- 

Nom· 

..,... ... 

- 

em· """. 

... 

ploy- In" 

bour 

429 to 543 

"" .51'.1 .Wi 

"" 

529 '. 8S3 

... .m 

"'" .B87 

fH1 .... 

811' .l7V 

tr.3 .181 

... .184 

.... .178 

.300 

I, "'. liD .." 

00' .335 

.. .300 

, 

'" 

, 

71. , 

"" .... 

78. .258 

68' .23' 

311 .... 

673 .412 

'00 •• 74- 

63. '" .... 

.... . .. , 

Per ceDt 01 empJones whose eernlop per bour were- 

('I , 

('! 

('I 1 

1 

1 

PI 

554 .6."J7 

572 .539 

~: 

Ug .;1'-8 

ffl1 ."i"17 ~::::: ::~::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::- ··(i)· _::::: :::::: 

:::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: ~:~ 

__________ F ••_____ ._____ ______ ______ ______ ______

6 SAWMILLS 

Average earnings per hour in the vmou8 States ranged from 22.7 

to 56.6 cents in 1928 and from 21.8 to 57.5 cents in 1930. 

Average full-time earnings per week ranged by States from $13.67 

to $28.61 in 1928 and from $12.64 to $29.11 in 1930. 

T AlILE 2.-A .... ag. hour. and .arning., 19B8 and 1980, by BtaJeo 

Slate 

Alabama. ______________ 

AzksD8a9 _______________ 

CaIltorn!a.. ____________ 

FlorldB.-______________ 

Nomberof Number of A ..... r='aII. Averog8 A veragG ,fuJI. 

establish· employees time ours eorntngs time earn1D88 

mrulls per week per hour per week 

1---------- 

.1128 .1128 

"'30 

'1130 11128 '030 11128 1030 11128 '030 

21 28 8, 747 3.760 60.' 60.8 10.243 so. 218 $J4. 70 $13. .. 

3,600 .... .... .303 .301 17.9f 17.61 

14 .. 400 ...... ... 1 ".7 .lil0 ..., 286. 29.11 

l' .. 4,200 

" 

12 I. 2,321 2, 191 .L' .L' .26' .21' 16.00 14 .. 41 

1. 29 1,813 "107 .... ... 0 .218 14.47 12. 64 

&-:~~:::::::::::::::: 6 ... Kentucky _____________ 

~7" ~ 48.0 '&1 7 .676 ".26 2'1." 

• • ... 

. 

600 67.2 67.3 t349 .... .a 00 19.64 

Louls ........_......... 18 1. 6, 214 4,732 ".4 60.0 .... .267 16.99 17.~ 

Maine ..._______________ 

12 11 73. 

" .... .362 "85 29.84 

Michl"" Mi.nIleeota. ............... ____________ 1 21 14 ..... ~868 ".0 .... . .... 22.83 22." 

4 4 1 .... 7 .. 60.' 60.' .... .413 

M IsslsslppL. ___________ 

24. 70 24.00 

I. ,., 

4,'" 4.4OIi .... ".7 .2!lO .282 17.28 16.84 

Montana.. __ .... __•_______ 

6 ~1" 702 50.1 62.0 .4'" .60' 24.74 26. .. 

North Carolina ________ 21 • 32 ~030 60.' 69. 0 .260 

.."" .m 15,66 1.3. JO 

O~n.. ..-.-.-......... 14 .. 4, 362 3,837 48.4 48.. .... .673 27.39 2'1.85 

Sou h CarollDtL ________ 

Tennessee... __________._ 

10 8 1,962 ~1120 60.. 60.1 .227 .... 18.67 13.62 

Texas __________________ 20 17 ~64 • ... 68.' ".8 • 320 .816 1& 62 1 7 ... 

Vtrgtnla ______________._ 

II II ~ ~35O .... 68.7 .... 17.43 7. i!8 

18 ... 887 ".7 .... , .... 17.61 15.. 51 

W asb1D~D---•• ------- .. .. 7.283 ..... 48.1 4&1 .662 . 26." 26.41 

West V rginla. __ .....__•__ 10 &28 00. 60.1 

• .... ..30 24.68 26. 1ft 

WisooDJin... ____...._._._ I. 17 ~649 2. 210 .... ".1 .... .362 .LOO 21. 39 

ToW ............ 

". 

8 .. 68,007 ",,061 .... 

, 

.... .371 .... 21. 00 29." 

AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR. 1910 TO 1930 

Table 3 shows average and classified earnings per hour for the wage 

earners in each of eight of the representative occupations in the industry 

for each of the specified years from 1910 to 1930 for which such 

data are available. These occupations were selected to illustrate the 

variations in the .trend and spread of average earnings per hour of 

wage earners in a.ll occupations in the industry in each year. The 

1930 figures are for 22,lO2 einplo)'ees or 43ller cent of 50,951 included 

in the study in that year. For a like distnbution, by number, of the 

wage earners in each of these occupations in each State for 1930, see 

Table B (pp. 37 to 41). 

Average earnings per hour for head sawyers, band, the first occupation 

in the table, were 54.3 cente in 1910 and 62 per cent of the 429 

covered in that year earned less than an average of 60 cents per hour. 

The average increased to 88.3 cents in 1923, when but 3 per cent of 

those covered in that year earned less than 60 cents per hour .. The 

average decreased to 87.7 cents in 1925, increased to 88.7 cents in 

1928 and decreased to 88.6 cents in 1930, when 3 per cent of 597 

covered in that year earned less than 60 cents per hour and 29 per 

cent of them earned an average of $1 or more per hour . 

•

TABLB I.-Average and clcuBijied eaminga per hour 0/ employeu in eight apecijied occupationa, 1910 to 1980, by tlear 

OorupatiOD 

-..._.._...........,.. 

-...-._-_._-_ ...... 

y .... 

... 

... 

, 

1011 

1~12 

1013 

, 

UiII9 

,.." 

''''' 

"". 

'928 

'930 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1911i 

19n1 

'921 

"'" '928 

'930 

J911 

1912 

1913 

11116 

1919 

19" "" 

'928 "'" 

1930 

Nom· 

""'of 

.. "". "'... 

...... 

2IJ3 

..... 

288 

,.. 

'20 

25' 

230 

"" 288 

... 

273 

... 

." 

'M 

2/;) 

"'" 28' 

27' 

30, 

'" '61 

... 

279 '" 

2.1, 

318 

822 

'" 

". 

"" OM 

572 

"" 

... '" 

"'" .., 

862 

.,. 

..... 

'" 00-1 

' .... 

1,170 

96' 

'49 

'14 

780 

782 

f!II1 

311 

673 

'OIl 

832 

'" ... 

.... 

Nom- 

"',of 

em· 

ploy- 

Average 

""",. 

pm- 

,"'" 

Per ceot of emplo78ll'whase eamIngs par hour were- 

______________ ~h .. ~ 

" H .. ~ " ~ 2.1 "I" ~ ~ ro ~ 001 

cents 12 U 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 to under un un'!.,;, 

~--~-~-----~~~--d~~ 

cents cents cents cents cent. cents cents cents caDts eents cents cen" ~ts $1 $1.10 $1.26 

--1-------1----1---·1--+-1-1- 

"043 

.~ 

·"" 

('J 

...., 

~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~( 

.... 

.461 

I Less than 1 per cent, 

• Clo.ssined I.D. previoas report1 811"1\:0 cents and over." 

• CJassffted 1D prevto08repor~ 81 "tID ceqt. and over." 

rJ I 

I 

I 

rJ 

7 

7 

,lr,8 

·,., 

• 

:::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::~ ~~~I!~~ :::::~ ~~iI3:: 

.883 

.877 

______________________________ ._____ ______ ______

TABLE 3.-Averoge and cIao.ified earning. per hour of omploye .. in eight 8pecified occupation., 1910 to 1980, by year-Continued 00 

Per cent of employees whose earnJnp per hour wel'6- 

Num- Num- Averher 

01 ber of 

age 

Occupation Yaar estab- em· 

earn- 10 12 Ii 18 18 20 ~ 80 .0 .0 80 10 80 .0 I 

Usb- ployper 

der 10 under under under under under under under under under under undor under under and and 

I ... Un- and and and Bnd and and and and •• d •• d a.d and and cents SUO $1.26 

mania ... " and I . 

hour cents 12 14 16 18 20 .. ,. .0 ,. under under. and 

'0 70 80 90 under "",Ia centl ceuts C8nta cents cenla cents conts cenla cont. cen .. ..... cents $1 $1.10 $1.26 j over 

I- I- 

Saw ta11eon on head saW8 ..•__ • 1021 27' ... 10.'26 --_.". ------ 

., , 8 I I. I, 23 • (I) ------ "..... "23 26. '77 .• 64 ------ ".---- 

··,·,,1= 

t I I I I. '8 I. 

., 

" ..".- ------ ------ 

"26 ... 736 .... . --.... ------ I) I I 

, 12 27 26 

---.- 

12 

" 

------ ____ ow 

ID,. 'DO 736 .'56 ._---. I) "(1)"· 

~) I I , .. 23 I. 

,. • ---.-- ._._-- 

1980 .23 608 .8aO -.--0- I :::::r:::: 

I 10 16 17 I ...__. --_... ............ 

Edlermen... _________.......__• __ 

1910 , .... ...._- (I) " " 

8 \9 '7 .. 1 

19U ... ... .260 ------ 

--_._- I ------ ------ 

• 1912 30' 761 ------ • \9 33 27 ------ ------ 

f') 111 

:::::f:::: 

3 18 39 .. 

1913 .61 7 .. .... ---or 

I) ---..-- ------ 

, 3 I' 36 31 a 

19115 ... 766 .26' S 

------ ------ 

1919 0 m .4.40 ------ • • • • • 21 31 2f ···T ..."2" --Air 1 ___ oj" (I) 2 8 80 S< 20 

--Air :::::: 

1921 m 727 .437 ------ ------ I 1 .. ·····r···· 

8 26 

• 1 (I> :::::: ··{li" 

1923 26' 730 .492 ---._- ---._- ----if 

"26 ... 9\1 .... 

"if (Il ------ f:l • 27 26 (I 

" ·····r···· 

\I 3 1 

------ ------ ------ 1 ",. 

2f 37 \3 I. , 

318 '23 .470 ------ ------ --(I)"" - --(1)"- • , .. 31 14 \I , • I :::::: ----Ai 

10" .23 SO< .49' ------ ------ 

I) ··(Ii· , 7 SO 21 \I • I • I 

TrLmmer operators ____________ 

" • • 2 '···"1 (I) _ 

1910 603 .... ~) 1 II 8 sa IOU ... ... .211 

------ 2 17 7 I ------ ------ 

• • ··"·r···- 

7 \I as 1912 , • n .... ------ 19 7 I _._--- ------ ------ 

• 

------ 

1913 3

. _ 

'0lIl ,.,. 

217 ..... .... 

~--.. 

.,. 

-. 

". ,.... .... --_.._- • 

I 

m ~! • 

"" '. "" .." ------ • 

.._._-----------.. 1910 ... ".m .,.. • .. II .1 

IVII ... :M. 

IVl2 lY11 lil6 ... 

'0" 

'010 ... 26.3UI 

iM .ula I .. . , 17 

211. :wi .'0

, ........ .171 

• 

17 17 

".'" 

.. 1117 7 17 • II 10 

-..._. _.._--. PI 

, 

•• 

II 

.310 , • 

IV1(t 

'41 16. &47 m 27 .... 

,.,. ...... .300 

, "lr ""tor 

''''' ... ... ..... "'" . ''ll (. 10. 7" ..., , 

I 

• • 

, I 11 ,. 

P) f 10 I' II II 22 I PI 

.7 .... 

"' 

• r.l 

r.! ...... 

• • •• •• 10 III III 

• I ---- ..-...... • .ou•• 

II 11 .. • r.! 

......_- ------ ---_ -.-.-. -...-. ...... -_.... ...... ._ -.. 

o. .._-- ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......... 

""fo( r.! 

.. .. 

7 

., ....... -.-... ..... - ...... ...... ...... ...... ....... 

17 .. ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ....._- 

17 

, •, ""r:r 

17 • ""i'i;" '" '0 , ""i~'" ...... ...... .. ·• .. i- •.•.••••••• 

::::::1:::::: :::::: 

"'if I " • .. .. • f,! _.-... 

" 17 '0 ,. 

t 8 '0 '0 '8 0 (. • ,. ""t:r ""if "tfl"(:l"H:;:: 

27 17 17 e , (. 

• .. e '8 '0 '0 • I I 

• L_ thaD I par (!fInt. and cJM!llnCMf In prevloua roportl II "undtt 14 «loti." 

'L_ LbllD 11*' (IOnt. and clll.lllOod In prevlou. roportl q"8D OInt' oud over!' 

I ...... U1aD I 1* VUlt. IDd alauiOtd 10 .,vloUi rllDCll'II U "00 _" IUd OWDI',"

10 

Table 4 shows for laborers and also for all nnployees included ~ 

the study of the industry in 1930 the number and the per cent in each 

classified group of average earnings per hour. : 

The average earnings per hour of 1, or less than 1 per cent of the 

16,744 laborers covered in 1930 were within the group of 6 and under 

7 cents; of 1,784, or 11 per cent, were within the group of 20 and' 

under 21 cents per hour; of 446, or 3 per cent, were within the groupl 

of 27" and under 30 cents per hour. All.Iaborers earned an average! 

of 29.1 cents per hour. ., 

TABLE f..-ClasBijied earning. ,..,. hour of labor .... and of all occupatitnUl combined 

in 1990 

ed_ 

Number of- Per ceu.t of- Nomberot- Percental- 

C,.., .. 

AD AU 

Classffled 88I'DblRl 

In cents per hour 

All All 

La .... 

. In O8Ilts per hour 

em· Labo" em· 

La .... em· Labor em· 

ono ploy- ers ploy- ... ploy- en ploy_ 

... ... ... ... 

f-- 

"and under IL ______ 

B _______ 

--.---- 

.g and under '7~.___ J, 179 

I: 

..... 7 e 

6 and under 8... ______ 

.------ 1. 

47J.i and under 60... __ 

8 and under 7 ________ 

378 J,I98 • 

1 

60 and under Mi. _____ W 3,.84 " e 

and under aCL ____ .94 2,000 

8 and under 9 ________ 

"f.r f: 60 and under 65 ______ .00 J,631 1 

• •• 

• 9 and under 10 _______ as ., 

C' 

65 and under 70 ______ ... 

2 

10 and under 11 ______ 

. .. 185 1 (' 70 and under 73 _____ .. 792 

• 

1 and under 8 _______ 

• .. 66 

... 1 

11 and under 12 ______ US 24' 1 ('l 76 and under 80 ••____ 40 741 1 

12 and under 13. _____ 242 4iO 1 1 80 and under 86 ______ 40 «3 

13 and under 14.. _____ 429 7112 2 85 and under 00 ______ .. • 

14 and under 15 ______ . 185 373 1 ,. ... 00 and under V6 ______ C' 

16 and under 16.. _____ 783 1:1 

'."" 95 and under 100 _____ 2 .30 

16 and under 17 _____ 2.7 ... 1 

• 100 and under 110 ____ 2 .56 

~:l 

17 and under 18 ______ 1,493 3 uo and UDder 120 ___ ,. (') 

!:~ 

18 and under tiL ____ ... 1.827 3 120 and under 130 ____ 

• • .. I'l (') 

19 and under 20 ______ Ill. 266 1 )30 and under 140 ____ -----.. 17 

------- ('l 

20 and under 21 ______ 

'.784 3,611 11 7 140 and under 160 ____ ._---- . 27 

21 and under 22.. ____ 

------- 

" 1152 150 and under 160 ____ 

• !l! 

____ ow 

22 and under 23 ______ 1,726 3,8i5 10 8 160 and under 170 ____ 

23 and under 24.. _____ ... ------- • 600 1 

• )iO and under 180 ____ ------- 1 

" and under 26 ______ 147 ... 

____ po· 

1 1 180 and under 190 ____ 

--. ---- ------- ------ 

26 and under 27J4 ____ 1,"'" ..... 10 190 and under 20IL __ 

•• ------- ------- ._----- 

27M and under 30 ____ 

--..--- 

44d 1,749 3 3 200 and under 225 ____ 

80 and under 32J.i ____ 

------- -----i- ------- --(i)"- 

1, 169 3.430 7 7 226 and under 2M ____ 

32M and under 35 ____ ... '.642 • • 

Total __________ I~ 

86 and under 17K ____ 679 2, 371 

87M and under 40 ____ 30. 1,'85 2 A verageeam!np per 

40 and under 42l4i ____ 635 

387 Iso. ... 

2, 1 bour _______________ Ill""' ------- ----.- 

42H and under 46 ____ 860 1,766 

• • 

~l 

50,961 ------- ------ 

'Less than 1 per cent. 

, 

REGULAR OR CUSTOMARY HOURS OF OPERATION PER WEEK AND 

PER DAY 

The re~ar or customary full-time hours per day and per week of 

an establishment are the re~ar hours of operation when it is workin2 

its fixed standard of full-time as established by its regular time 01 

beginning and of quitting work on each day of the week, less the regular 

time off duty for lunch or dinner, with no overtime and no loss 

of time for any cause. 

Table 5 shows average full-time hours per week and the per cent of 

the wage earners in each of eight representative occupations in the 

industry at each classified group of full-time hours per week for each 

of the specified years from 19lO to 1930 for which figures are available. 

For a percentage distribution by number of the wage earners in each of 

these occupations in each State in 1930 see Table C, page 42.

__ 

BEGULAR OR CUBTOIlABY HOURS OF OPERATION 11 

Average full-time hours per week of head sawy_, band, decreased 

from 61.2 in 1910, when the hours of 24 per cent of the 429 covered 

in that year were over 60 per week and of only 2 per cent were less 

than 60 per week, to 61.1 in 1912 and to 60.9 in 1913, when the hours 

of 18 per cent were over 60 per week and of 4 per cent were less than 

60 per week. The average increased to 61 per week in 1915, decreased 

to 57.5 in 1919, when the hours of only 3 per cent were over 60 per 

week and of 26 per cent were less than 60 per week. The average 

increased to 57.8 in 1921; decreased to 57 in 1923; increased to 57.7 

in 1925; decreased to 56.7 in 1928; and to 55.9 in 1930, when the hours 

of only 3 per cent were over 60 per week and of 43 per cent were less 

than 60 per week. 

TABU i.-A_llfI' and cla.';j!od !ull-li .... houTi P'" .... k in

12 SAWMILLS 

TABLE 5.-Averag. lind cltu.ijied lulUi.,.. hours p ....... k in ~ght .pecijied ...... 

patio .... 191010 1980, b,l1l6llr--Continued 

Per cent 01 employees wbose toll-time boon per 

Aver- 

week were- 

Numbero/ 

Num- I':M. 

Occupation Year _b- berol time Over Over Over 

Usb- emhows 

M~ • 

___._. ___••••_. _____ • __••• __._. __._••'_.____._. __ • ____ • ____• ____ • _____••••________________ A • 

__________________ 

• ____ ••••• ___ F •• ____ 2 

T.,DLB '~Number 01 .. tabl .. h.....ta in _h Slale, allGCh .ptcijied numb ... oJ luU-lim. houri per .... k and PM day, 19S0 

DAYWOBK 

~ 

l:! 0 

r Full-time bOWl per week 

P'Q))-tjml' hODI1I 

perda, 

4 

t ~ 

I 

~ 

j 

I ! j i 

Q 

=-i .. 

• 

j 

I J j o. o~ 

"''' ... 

'" • 

J ,g 1 "'~ • 

" :!! ! J j 

:I 0 

j 

• 0 

i 

:1 • • 0 

:.i 

&J 

'" 

~ ! )! " • 

0 .. '" 

:.i :.i :.I :.i ,g ! ~ Z 0 

I----- --------I----- I-=r 

-----1-=---I~ 

-_____ 

... ~. 

.. _. ___ .0._ ...... ____ . 

4& ••• _ •• _ •••• _ ••• _. __________ .••• 

................................. { 

OK_ •••• ___ • ___________ .... _. ___ _ 

......." .." ......" ..-........{ 

55_ .. __ ••____ •____ 0 '0_______ • uK __________• ___________••_____ 

:;j::::::::::::::::::~::::::::~{ 

8M: __ •_____________.......___•••_. 

_• ___ •_______ .. _____._._____ _ 

au _____ ._...... ___._. __•______ ... ____ 

eo _______ .. ____________________ _ 

Number of OItablfshments lu- 

B 'K 

B • • B 

BK 6K 

n. 

l»I "* 

.~ 

S" 

• "I 6 

" 9ji 

• 

D 

':Jt OIl 

,. 6 

I. 6K 

,. 0 

It1I1. 

IOJi ." 

10K '11 

• 

I. SK 

,. • 

10" " "." 

IOU 811 

10K S,; 

S 

'10li ''''' OK 

'Ii 

19J1 0" 

f j 

e!- 10 I~ 

1 ••• ____ • ____ • ___ •• _. __ • _______ .•• _______ ••• _. ___ 0. _________________ . ___ ... ___ ._. __ • _____ .. ____ _ 

1 ..• 0 

______ ••__ 8 "._' _._.. 6 _. __• ___ OF 

••••• 10 ____ A ______•••• _._~~ 15 1 ____ _ 

•••.. .••.• •••.• ••••• •.••. ••••• ..... ..... •..•• ..... ...•• ..••• ..... ..... ..... ..•.. ..... ..... ..... a ........•• 

"'_' __ •________________________ ~-- _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ 1 ___________________________________ 

___ A. _____________________••____ • _______________ A ___•• _________________________________ • ____ h 1 _________ _ 

::::: _________________ ::::: ::::: ::::- .__ ::::: _____ ::::: _____ -- _____ r ::_:: _____ ::::: _____ ::::: _____ ::::: _____ ::::: _____ ::::: _____ ::::: 1 --or _____ ::::: _____ --or _____ ::-:: 1 ::_:: _________________ ~ ::::: ::::: • __ 

~:~' ~ 2~' j:'~j ;'~~jil:;i I~~'~' rill':':~ 

14 11 8 6 7 _____ .. III 8 I JO 4 9 _____ 17 1 8· .. 9 8 _____ 7' 13 

2 1 _. _____________ •• ___ _____ _____ _____ 6 .____ 1 ________ •.'__ • __________________________ _ 

2 ________ • ___• ______________ .~ .... :I _______________________________________________ • __ 

1 1 . ____ ._.__ _____ _____ J _____ _____ _____ 1 _______•_________•______________________ 

----- --.. -- ----- ----- ----- .~--- --.. -- ----- --____________ A _______ .. __________ ~ •• ___________ .__ _____ _____ _____ J 

-- ________ --_._ -- _______ A _______.__ _____ _____ _____ 1 ___________________ A • __ 

1 _______________ ••_____• _________ .__ _____ _____ _____ I __•_____ •________•_________•_____________________ _ 

_________________ • A _________________ • A A I _________________________________________________ _ 

1 ________ •___________________ •__________________________________________••___________________• ____________ 

IOjI 

IO')b :~ 

11 

• ::===::=~=::====::=~====:~===== 

IlDcludlng I plant to wbJcb the ballrl olemployeea In :vard t ~Ilnl and planing mill were 10 Monday to FrIday Bnd 9 on BaturdaJ', or 69 bouTII per week. 

JTbe boW1l of planing mUi emplo)'881 or tbll plan' were 8 Monaay t .. Friday and 6 OD Saturday. or 46 boUnl per week. 

IlncludlDi 1 plant to whlcb bourl for 6 rnmmer montbJ are 10 Monday toO Friday and 6 Saturday. or 66 per week. 

I Including 1 pl80t in wbJcb bowalot 4 mmmer mootb, are 10 Monda,. toO J'rjday and 6 Saturday. or 66 per week. 

• 1'r1~, llJ.t bow.. 

II 

g 

B 

'" 

t 

! 

.. 

I 

1 

3 

I 

I 

I 

6 

• I 

, 

1 

"• 

I 

I I 

I 

8 

183 

• 

6 

I 

I 

• I 

I 

I 

6 

.... 

Co\)

6O~ __________ 

9\' 

_____ 

• ____ ._. ____ • ___________________________ •• __________ •• " _______ .__ 1 

____________ .__ ____ 1 

TABLE G.-Number .! .. tablilhmenlll in each 8tate, at each 'p.ciji.d number .!Iull-Um. hour. per ",.ek and per day, 19S0--c0ntinued 

Full-tlme hours per week 

DAY WORK-Contlnued 

Full-time hours 

per day Number of eatabllshments In- ; 

11 ~.·llii',lldndll;q liI!l! 

:II _ .. .:a 0 Ii: ~ ;!! 101 ~ :II );! );! :II );! z o.g " " > Jio Jio .. ~" 

--------I--l---'i----I--------I-------------- 

.__________________ 11 IHi __•____.__ _____ _____ 1 _______• ____ •______ a 

61 __________________________ ••___ 11 6 "_______________ .___ 1 __ •___________________ •________________________________________ A. 

63_______________________________ 10~~ 1 ___.. _______.____________________________._____._.._. _____.______ ..___ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ 66_______________________________ 11 10 ____________________ ~____ _____ 1 ________ ._ .___________________________ e. ,._____ po. __ • _____ e. __.__ _____ 1 

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::{ !!~a l~l~h ~ --.-- ----- 2 '2 "--- ----- 73 ___ po - •••••---- --.-- ••--- 1 ----- __ eo •••--- ---.- ----- __ po. -.--- ----- i 

12 13 1 ::::: ::::: '--r ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ~ ~:::_ ~ ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: ::::: :::::~~: ::::: ::::: ::::: 2 

TotaL. ______ •_______________• ______ ".____ .__ 28 16 14 12 29 fi 9 19 11 If f 20 fi 32 15 I 8 1'1 U 9 21 9 17 324 

Full-time bc.wa per week 

Full-tlme hours 

per day 

NIGHT WORK 

Number of establishments lu- 

I-M~O.~~-,y~~-tn---I-----r----,----.----,r----r----r----,-----r----.-N~Ortbr-.----,-----r----r_---I Total 

to Fri- """ r_ Ala- Arkan- Florida Idaho Louis- Mlch- Minne- Missls- Moo- Caro. Oregon TuIl8 Wash- WilIdey 

day hama au lana igan IGta alppl tans lIna ington coll8!n 

• Including 1 plant In wbIch bours Qr alternaw weeki are 11 Monday to Friday sod" saturday. or 01 per weN:, 

f Including I plant in wbich tbe bOlll8 or J8I'd employ .. were 10 per da,. or 60 per week. 

• FrIday 10 houri. 

• 1 

1 

1" 

1 

3 

• 1 

8 

• 

28

.AJL.~. _______ 

CHANGES IN WAGIl RATES SlNCl!: lllN1II I, 1928 15 

CHANGES IN I'ULL-TIME HOURS PO WEEK 

Between June I, 1928, and the period of the 1930 study, c:ifJ: 

were made in the ~ar full-time hours per week of 17 SIL • 

There was no change m the hours of 307 mills. 

Table 7 shows the number of establishments in which hours were 

changed, the wage earners affected, the hours before and after the 

change, and the date of the change. . 

TABU 7.-CM"4u 'rsfuU-timt IIour. J)er d4" (1M 'lDNk bdweea J'tlIM 1, 1918, mwI 

. the period ..,..,.ed by I'" 1980 .Iudy, with dale 0' chang. 

B ....... 

- 

Nom· 

b."ot 

""'... Aft4r_ DataobaDp 

..... Bmplo,.. atfeoted bacamee1l .. 

1Wo. 

Uft 

.... CO Mon- Sa_ p" 

MQQ' Sa_ p", 

4&1&0 day ..... d8Yto 

....... Friday 

day ..... 

10 .. 

I 

July 0,1'" 

I~~mm~';;~: • • • I •___• __ • 10 10 10 

• .. A .... 1,10 

1 _____ 40 ______________ 10 10 .. 10 0 

OoC 1,1928 

I ___ .00.______.._________ 

10 10 oo 10 ~ 

'" 55 NQv. 1,1928 

I 

• .. 10 10 oo ~,"'1'" 

•••• do •••••••••.••••••••••••• 10 10 oo • 

8 .... 0'1. 1,1m 

10 

I 

10 

~r~!&.~~_~:::: 1~)1 • 

oo May 

A1L._ .... ___ •_________________ 

10 10 1,1'" 

1 

II 

:)1 

10 

~ 

Oct. IT,ID2S1 

1 _____ do. ______________• _____• • 

10 10 oo Jan. 1,1'" 

1 _. AU ___ uaept do. ____ rard--_________ 

•___ • ____________ 10 10 .. Do • 

I Y at'd--_______________ ._.___ • 10 .. • • •• SO 

p ... ... 1 ... 

I AIL ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 

!~ • ;)1 

:~ 1~ :J< .. 

• ____ do. _• __•____________..... 10 oo 50 

m· 

-. 1,1030 

1 ••••• do •••_ •••__ •______• __ ._ 10 IG oo 11 1,1930 

• ___ .do_____••_______••_••__ • 

II eo 'Y Ll'" 

I 

eo 12 12 72 May I\), UI30 

1 ____ ~!)1 J}i _____ .do do. ___ _______________ •••___• ____________ 

• ____ 67 10 10 oo June 1,1930 

I 

II eo 12 .. ,. JUDe l8,,1830 

- 

, 

CHANGES IN WAGE RATES SINCE JUNE 1, 1928 

Between J1me I, 1928, and the period of the 1930 study of the 

industry 141 of the 324 sawmills included in the report made tone or 

more changes in the wage rates of all or part of their wage earners. 

Table 8 shows the number of sawmills, the wage earners whose rates 

were inClreased or decreased, the per cent or am01mt of the increase or 

decrease, and the date when the change went into effect. 

Rates were increased in 3, increased and then decreased in 2, and 

decreased in 136 of the 141 mills in which changes were made. One 

mill increased rates of all wage earners 6'per cent August I, 1928, and 

on July I, 1929, increased the rates of common laboren 40 cents per 

dar.. One on November 16, 1928, increased monthly rates $5 and 

druly rates 25 cents; and 1 on February I, 1929, increased hourly 

rates of head sawyen 5 ce::,~lsdoggers 5){ eents, setters 2){ cents, and 

edgermen 1 cent. In two . rates of all wage earners were increased 

11)' per cent April 1, 1930, and decreased 10 per cent, August 1 1 

1930. 

Between ~1me 1, 1928 and the 1930 study rates were reducea three 

times in each of four mills. In 2 the reductions were to, to, and 10 

per cent; in 1 they were 10, 5, and 10 per cent, and in 1 they were 

25, 25, and 25 oents per day, or a total of 7,5 cents per day. In the 

same period rates were reduced two times in each of 16 milia. The

16 SAWMILLS 

reductions were 10 and 10 per cent in 7 mills; 12 and 20 per cent in 2 

mills, 25 and 15 per cent in 1; 12~ and 22~ per cent in 1; 10 and 17 

per cent in 1; 10 and 15 ]ler cent in 1; 10 and 5 per cent in 1; 5 and 10 

per cent in 1; and 8 and 9 per cent in 1 mill. The reductions in the 

mills in which rates were reduced one time only ranged from 3% per 

cent in the mill in which the decrease in rates was less than in any 

other to 40 per cent in the mill in which the decrease was more than 

in any other mill. The 40 per cent reduction affected employees 

whose rates were more than $4 per day. 

TABLE 8.-0hange. in wag. raloo betw .. ,. J"n. 1, 1ge5, and tho period.., /ho 

1980 .tudy 

INCREASES 

Num~ 

berof 

estab· 

lishmen 

.. 

Employees affected 

Pe, 

cen' 

Per unit of time 

Datechanp 

b""""'e 

etlectiv6 

DECREASES 

~ r~!~:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _____ do_____________ _________________________________ 30 :1 

1 ____ .do____________________________________ • __._.__ __ 20 

1 _____ do _________________________.__________________ 33\.i 

!m~it~ijiiiij~ji~~j~ii~i~~j~jiij~ji~ijimi~i~j 

1 - -- -do_____________________________ -__ __ ___ __ ________ J 2~ 

___ .do________________________________ ._ __ ______ __ 22l~ 

____ .do_____________________________• __________ ._____ 10 

1 {:::: ~~:::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::: ::: ::::::::::::: l~ 

Ii 

_. __________________ lune 18, 1928 

_____________________ JOD. 13,1930 

_______________ • ____ Jan. -,1m 

____________ 0_0 _____ June 30,1930 

:::::::::::::::::::: ____________________ r~ July :J; 1,1929 U: 

:::::::::::::::::::: ____________________ } Aug. Apr~O~'lOOO 8,1929 

___._••________• ____ May UI,I930 

__________.0_.______ Dec. 1,1929 

:::::::::::::::::::: 

_. _____ •• __•__ Jgnu:m~' ~= 

~ __ •__ JBO. 1,1930 

July 6, uno 

iO:26jJerdoy:::::: Jan. 1,1930 

All 

Common labor bired after Jan. I, 

_ 

193(L._. 

• _ 

__ 

__ 

.:.______ _ _ _ 

._••. 8 

_.. 

_•••._. ____••______• 

Do. 

{ 

May 1,1980 

! _::: :~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: I: :::::::::::::::::::: IIlD. 1,1WO 

Do. 

1 .::: __.•:~~:::::::::::::::::::::: do •._. _________________________________ :::::::::::::::: .•::: __._____ ::::: :g 5 _: ___________________ ::::::::::::::::::_ 

Do. 

May 1.1930 

All except h8ad sawyers, bond-_____________________ ________ SO.2li per day ______ 

Jan. II,I930 

Jan. 24, lilau 

Apr. 4,.1930 

lune 28, 1930 

1 

Ian. 81,1930 

Jan. -,1930 

-----.-----._------ Feb. 1.1930 

Feb. 7,1930 

May 22,1930 

Feb. 16,1930 

Feb. !!o 1030 

Feb. '4"1,1930 

Feb. -,1930 

Mar. 1,1WO 

Do. 

June I,Umo 

AU&- 16, 1930 

-------------------- 

-_._---------------- 

_.-.---------- 

----------- -----_._- 

~-.---------------- 

.-.-_._--.---------. 

__• _______________.J. 

------------- ------ 

.. 1 do . 10 :::::::::::::::::::: 

::::=-~::::::::::::::::::=:::::::::::::::::::~~ t~g -:::::::::::=::: 

I i'oDo."ed bJ' d#reue of 10 per 08Di Ana. 1. U1'30. 

Mar. 1,1930 

Auc. l,lUl

26,11)30 

CHANGES IN WAGE RATES SINCE JUNE I, 1928 17 

• 

TABLE S,-Changu ... """" ratu bel_ JUflO Iel. 1988, and 1M pmod o/IM 

19110 .,udy---{)ontinue 

Nom· 

berof 

....... 

"", 

men .. 

DBCaU8B8-0cmtinoed. 

p" 

.... 

Per 

unit of time 

Datechanp 

b"""" 

effective 

Tboae at nta of S2 per clay _~_______ ••_••____________ • _____ •• SO.2f) par day _____ _ 

Those at rate or $2.50 per day _______________________• __ ._____ $0.36 per day __ .___ Mar. I, UBO 

All aoept Uloae at S2 and $2.50 per day______________ 20 __ ••_••___ .•_. _____ Scalers ••_______ ••___________ 0 __ 0".0 ____.0 _ ________ _ 26 ______• ____________ • 

!H_~~~~_~_~:::::::::: _••• do ______________________ ::::::: •___ .". :::::::::: _____•____ ::::::::: .____ __ 10 ~~ :: _.:::::::::::::::::: 

______________• __ _ 

6 ____ .do.___________•••_______________________________ 10 ____________•______ _ 

{::: :;~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::=::::::::: =: ~! :::::::::::::::::::: 

1 {::: •___ .do :~~:::::: __•____::::::::::::::::::::::::::: •_____________________ ••________________ :::::::::::::: 10 ~g :::::::: ________:::::::::::: 

•__________ _ 

1 ._.do___________•______________• __ ____ _____ ____ __ _ Iii ______________•____ _ 

a _____ do _________________ .____________________________ 10 ___ •________ •_____ •• 

ThOM at hourly rate3, except In machine shop_eo_eo •••__ ._ •• $0.211 per day _____ _ 

j Tbose at rate of S200 or over per month __•_______._••••______ $10 per month ____ . 

TbQJe at leu thlloD. $200 par month __________________ • ____ .••• $6 per montb _____ J AlL ___ • _____ ••_____________________ •____________ .____ 12 .•______ •__________ _ 

1 ._._.do_____ ••• ___ • ___________._______________________ 10 •______ ••_••_______ _ 

AllmOllpt doaers. ___ •___________ •_____________••___ 10 ____ e. __ . __________ . 

J AU ••• __ •_____ •• ___ •___ • ____________••______ ••_______ 3 ••••_______________ • 

~ :::: :~~:::::::::::::::::: :::::: :::: :::::: :::: :::::::: ~g :::::::: :::::::::::: 

1 . ____-do____________._._. ____ • _________ •••_•_________ e. 8 __________ . ________ _ 

1 ••••_do._ 

•••___ • __•• ____•••• _________•• _____ ._______ 25 ___________________ _ 

n 

1 ._._.

____ 

Do, 

18 

TABLE 8.-Chang .. • " lDag. ~_ betw .... Juno 1, 1988, al'fllh. period of u.. 

1980 .Iudy-Contlnuea 

DBCBU8B8-ContlDued 

"N'um~ 

ber of 

estab 

Usbmenta 

Employees effected 

Per 

ceo. 

Per tIDIt; of tIme 

Date ObBDg8 

bo

_________________________________________________ 

BONUS SYSTEM 19 

TABLII •• -Pay /M' OIImi ... mad /M' work on 8wnday and holiday., employ ... 

mtithd, and rau, 19$0 • 

Nom· 

... or 

.labl!ab. 

moo" 

Bmplo,.,. entitled 

Tlmes regolar rate 

for- 

Over- 

I1me 

Worton 

SUDday 

and 

holldaYi 

1 All. __ • __ •• _. __ ._._ ••• __ • ____ ._ ••• _._._. __ .". ____ e ________________________________ ." 

I _____ do ___ • ____ • ______ • ___________ • _______ • _______ • __ • __ e. __ • ___________ • ______ e .... __ 

1 __ eo_do. ________________________________ • _______ • ____ • _________ • _______________ ._ _ __ 

2 All tlIOIIpt those at montb1y rates__________________________________________ \!oi 

1 AU tnCOpt tb03e on repair WorIlL___________________________________________ l)i 

1 J AU. ucept ________ blaoksmit.ha, machine men, and millwrights____________________ Hi 

~ ._. • • lU 

1 AU exoept clean-up mllD _____________________ •••____________________ • _______________ _ 

1 BIaebm.lUlJ hoip6n. ____ and •______ helpers. . ______ carpenters •______ •___ and •_. __ helpers. •._____ •___ and . ___ car . ___ repalrera . _._ __ ______ 

and IH 

Blaebmlthl and beJpera. mach1n1Its and helpers. welders. and auto mel 

~=~~:;:I~~;~~~~~~~~~~~~~!~::::::::::,::::::::::: ~a 

1 Planing mlll, yard. and repair Sho:r, employee5 __________________ ._._____ l~ 

1 Planin&: m.lll, rani. and shipping epartmeot ___________________ .__________ IH 

• For Bunda,. onl,.. 

BONUS SYSTEMS 

Bonus systems were reported in operation in only 16 of the 324 

sawrnills covered in the 1930 study of the lumber industry. 

The basis of the bonus was production in 10, ejficiincy in I, sBr1l'ic8 

in I, attendance in 3 mills, and attendanu and production in 1 mill. 

Table lO shows the number of mills in which bonus systems were 

in operation at the time of the study, the basis or kind of bonus, the 

wage earners entitled to the bonus, the amount of the bonus, and 

performance necessary on the part of employees to earn the bonus.· 

TABLE 10 • ..,..BonUi .,"6ma 0/ 16 .awmilZs, 1980 

Bmployees enttUed to bonus 

Amount; of bODus ar pet cent or eamlllgs at 

bas.ie ratM and requirements D.ecessatJ" 

1;0 get tam. 

1 Produc.tlon. •• ___ Bead aawyera, band. ___________ _ 

I _____ do.. ______ ._ Band stackcn and loadcn _______ _ 

I ____ .do __ .________ Onder'S IlIId loaders ___ . __________ _ 

1 u __ .do_ •• ___ • ____ {~E::.l~:~_:~~:~~~_:_ 

J ..... do __ .•.•• _ •. _ 

• _ ••• do •••• ___ ••• _ 

1 " __ .dn.. ____ ....... 

1 • ____ do •••• _ •••.. 

CertAIn plaD.1ng mm machine GP" 

oratom. ~ . 

0""' ..... -.., ".,.ro ......... 

car 10Bden. bwurJ' looders. 

stick boys, onload6is. laborers. 

and trucken. 

AIl. •.•••••••••••••••.••••••••••••. 

All pll\D.ln(r mID and Ihlpplng 

doc-.t ChlWll 8lcept fonwlIl.D, rna· 

chlne _t-up men, trnctens. 

checkeR, cl/IaD.-up men, and 

lab

20 SAWMILLS 

TABLE lO.-Bon ... 11/.t.".. of 18 .awmillo, 19So--Continued 

Nnm· Basis or kind of 

Amount 01 bonus or per cent of earnlD~ Bt 

ber of bon". Employees entitJed to bonus basic rates and requirements DeoesaarJ 

mllls 

&0 get same 

I ProductiOIl. _____ Group eonststlng or matchers. 7K cents for each 1,001) board feet over set 

tiers. rackers, graders. trim- standard dlv1dod on basis of earnings at; 

mars, machine feeders. and. set- basic rates. 

up men in planing mID. 

I 

_':' ___ do ___________ Planing mlll and yard craws _____ Rates J)er boar Increased In proportion to 

production over set standard. 

I Efficiency _______ IDapectora.. ______________________ 1 per cent or 88.l'Dlngs at basic rates for 8t 

per cent efIlCIeDCY and 1 per ceD1: for each 

additional per cent over 84. 

I ServfCB.. _________ Allin service eo daY'll or more prior Paid-up insurance polley for 1931, ranging 

to 1M. I, 1931. 

trom $5 to $15, based aD length of service. 

I Attendance ••___ Those ac hourly rateL _____________ 4: bours at regular rates lor eaoh full·tlma 

____ .do___________ day. 

I _____ dO-_______ 

AlL ••••_._••_•••••__•••••_•••••_•• 6 bours at regular rstel. 

I 

____ .do_..._............................................ 

10 hours at regular rates In My one mODtb 

and 10 boon additional for full-time atteJlds.nce 

tor 6 consecutlve montbs, or 

70 bows for tbe fJ months_ 

(Bead sawyers, band __.................... $] for eacb day on which there was DO I_ 

I {Attendance and 

time and tbe feet of lumber cut was II 

prodoctlon. 

much or more than the aet standard._ 

MWwrightl ....___________._.__......._ $1 for eacb day the mill does not lose any 

time on account of breakdowns. 

INDEX NUMBERS OF EMPLOYMENT AND OF PAY ROLLS, 1923 TO 1930 

Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls in the lumber 

industry in the United States are presented in Table 11 for each of 

the months, January, 1923, to December, 1930, inclusive, and for 

each of the years in this period. These numbers were computed from 

the volume of employment and the amount of pay rolls for each of 

the months and years, with the 1926 average taken os the bose or 

100 per cent. These data are os published by the bureau in monthly 

reports on "Trend of employment." 

During the years 1923 t 1930, inclusive, monthly employment wos 

highest, with an index of 120.0 in July, 1923, and lowest, with an 

index of 55.3 in December, 1930. Pay rolls were highest, with an 

index of 114.1 in June, 1923, and lowest, with an index of 47.4 in 

December, 1930. Indexes of employment by years decreosed from 

115.1 in 1923 to 67.7 in 1930, and of pay rolls from 106.5 in 1923 to 

65 in 1930.

________________________ 

LUMBER PRODUCED IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1927 21 

T A8"" U.-Ind"" numb.,., o! .... ploymenl anao!pav-roUlolal&,19BS-19.'O, by monu.. 

(~\ verap tor lII28-1oo.0} 

Emplo)'DUIDt 

Month 

1023 1020 1925 1020 .., 1928 1920 "'0 

1----- 

J BDtlal'J' _•••_• __• ____ • _".". _••_• __ • __ 107.0 10"" 101.8 February ____________ ••• _. _____ ••••_. 01.0 82.7 82.. 74.7 

1(11).8 lIo. Ii 103.0 .... .... . 

S,.. 82.1 ,., 

March. ________ •____• ____ ,'___________ 

A prU. ___ 

73.7 

~ _______ ••__ • _•• ____ • __••_•• 

113.3 111 •.3 IOU 101.0 "'1 .... llay •._____ •_____..•_._.._.•.._. ____ . 

73.7 

June. __•_______ .•_____ ._."..______.." IIS.S 112.0 105.8 ]03.0 Bi.2 .... 73.. 

U9,I 

July _• .-___• ______ •• __ ••• __ • __ • ___ •• _. 

109.0 106. 9 103,9 .... 71.7 

120.0 J07.:3 1 103.8 .... 87.' .... 68., 

August ••_. _____ .•••_.•___._•••___ ••.. lUI. 1 100. • IOU 103.8 93., ..., liept6lllber _••_•• ____.,•_______ •_. ___ . ""8 .... 

119.S '00. • ..... 

October .••______• __ . ___ . ___ •••••___ . 

101.8 .... ".0 62.. 

November • H7.7 • 00. 8 10 ... 'L • • U .... 81.8 

~ 

116.2 10 .. 

December ..________ •_. ______________ 

101.6 .... .... .8.1 83.8 6O • 

110.7 HID. 7 101.8 ... 7 .... .. . 83.1 

n2.8 .02.8 ... , "'0 .... 

A Vera&e-_______________________ 

116.1 108.0 103.8 '00.0 • LO .... 

= 

Pay-roll totals 

Month 

'923 '020 1926 ,.... 1027 

J anuar,. __ 0. ____: _______ •___"________ . 

February ___________________ • _________ 801 .... 01 

Marcb _______________________________ 91.9 lo.~.4. .... 95.7 .... 82.1 

1", 

". 

Juno_o _________________________ .. ___ . 

Ull , 

July •________• _____________ • ______ • ___ 

A ulllUlt _______________ •• _______ • ____ •• 

September ______ • __ •_________________ 

112.6 .... October __________ • ___________ • _______ 112.9 )01.8 IOU 103.8 91.3 

November __________________________ • 113.1 101.7 'OU 103.8 .... 91.8 

DlI08mbar _________ n ________________ 

109.8 .... ... 100.. 

..., i'D.8 60S 

... , 57.' 

"'" 

1.,. 1030 

- -- 

.• ".S 57.' TO •• 77 .• 70.8 

..., ".8 

'607 .... .... 82.0 7U 

tfa~.~~::::::::: :::: :::: ::::::::::~::: '02.8 107.9 101.5 ST.' 7U 

100.2 IOU un. 9 102.7 .... 91.1 '91.6 7U 

1 107 .• 105." 0 91.2 .... 73.1 

liS. 3 .... 103.1 100.8 .... '91.7 .... 

101.0 103.7 .... 90.' 91.2 00.1 

".0 

.... 67.S 

us. I ".0 101.9 100.0 

.... .... 62., 

86. • .... "7." 

A verare_ .______________________ 

1 .... 10 .. 10L7 100. 0 .... 88.0 ..., "'0 

LUMBER PRODUCED IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1927 

Table 12 shows for each of 22 States, for the group "all otber 

States," and for the United States, the number of sawmills in operation 

and the production in thousands of board feet of the various kinds 

of hardwood and softwood lumber in 1927. The figures were obtained 

from the reports of the United States Census of Manufactures. 

The 13,867 sawmills in active operation in the United States in 

1927 produced 34,532,420 thousand board feet of lumber; 28,442,522 

thousand feet were softwood and 6,089,898 thousand feet hardwood. 

The produotion of yellow pine was 10,891,247 thousand feet, or nearly 

one-third of the total, and of Douglas fir was 8,443,053 thousand 

feet, or nearly one-fourth of the total: The 472 mills in the State 

of W ashin~ton produced 7,325,862 thousand feet, or over one-fifth 

of the totlLl produced in the United States.

79.883 

TABLE 12.-Acliv •• awmilla reporting and rBporlod prod"",;on oj Bach kind oj lumber, 1917, btl SIal. 

rnata from United States census reports) 

Lumber sawed (1,000 feet board measure) 

Num· 

bor of 

Brtlve 

Softwood 

BafCiwood 

Slala 

millsre- 

.' 

:t: 

~r .. 

Yellow Douglas 

Western 

Aggregate 

follow Hemlock White Oypress Total Oak Red gum Maple Birch 

.IDe Or 

All other 

pina 

.IDe 

.Total 

. ----_.- ---- 

.Alabama. __________ 1,647 1,873,280 _________ 

ArkR.nsas.. _________ --------- -----.. 1,884,611 103,188 00,843 

..'" 6' 83,836 281,076 2, 171, 687 

460 - 679,076 _______:... --m;7ii ----_.._-- &2,9sa 732,000 266,861 163,170 18,.6(9 

'" 

71.883 497,472 1,229,481 

California ..........____ 160 _._. _____ • 229,294 

Florida. ___________ .. 183 729,736 __ •______ 

--------- --------- 

6611,062, 902 2, 070, 618 

-i52:n9 ". 

------iiS ---"1;483 --------[ "' • 

882, 688 2, 660 6.St3 

:' -----T 193 2, 070. 811 

14,&7 

Oeo~ __.._______.._ 1,134 998.359 _________ 

--j,iii;733 

34,427 ___.____ S 1, OM, 436 41,337 67,SH; 66, 66. ".640 907,128 

Idaho •• __ ••_•••__• __ H6,~ __.,_____ 82,M.6 923,491 _________ 

166,673 1,201,008 

2. 228 "~252 ---i~5ii 

e, '78' 1,., 2M 

----;'-i{i --·i~28S -----200 .., 

.., Kentucky __ •_____._ 370 6,48 ,_________ 

6, 24t, 1,672 ________ 1 :l, 071 

Loulslana ___________ 

16,860 100, I8tI 61,131 

237 1,470,162. __• _____ 

186.613 

---";irn ________ 282 Iso. 168 923."" 

197,618 

Malne ___ ••______• __ I, 8M, 987 218,794 26~027 

407 _. __ ••_______..._.... 

101 239,816 720,737 203M,724 

---~;~ 

9O,~ IO,CH9 Zl1. 223 2, 0901 8,871 --23~12i 

Mlchlgan,, ___•___.. __ 143 _. ____• ___ ........____ 

U09 ...,.. 263,818 

440,17 578,2M 

26,52.'1 1W6,891 

"-------- 114, 315 

2, SM, 612 

'63.~ 396,267 

233,702 1,055,222 

111,839 20,133 2,91 I 3,19 138,079; 

'.'" ......, 73,759 '12. 9S1 

________ 1 401 

~.093, ..,; 147, ut2 196, 361 

li,9'T9 . 183, 625 896. 207;_. _______ ... 

60 

16,479 7.212 --ii;w 89,681 4,285 821,520, Bli. 800 ---27~M3 11, li08 ---i,"iJiii ,...... 

tn --,,;0;;; ,,_______ 107,3t3 81,9Oi 945 

..... 3,98.5, 032i MI 6,165 

639,6601, 20,290 ---77~Mi 

..'''' " 'UU 

Mlnnosota __ ~::... _____ 181 ______ ••_____".____ ____..____ 367,797 

--2

BAWIIlLLB 23 

IMPORTANCE 01' THE LUMBER INDUSTRY 

Table 13 shows the importance of the lumber industry in the United 

Statee and in each State according to the figures from th~eJtrtS of the 

United Statee Census of Manufactures, in number of sa . s, average 

number of wage earners, total amount paid in wages, total value of the 

product, and the total value added by manufacture. The figures for 

the United St&tee are for each of the specified years from 1914 to 1927. 

Those for each State are for 1927 only. 

The figures in the table for the years 1914 and 1919 do not include 

data for inills with a production valued at less than $500, and those for 

the years 1921, 1923, 192&, and 1927 do not include data for any mill 

with a production valued at less than $5,000. The change of the 

minimum value of production from $500 in 1914 and 1919 to $5,000 

in the later years was to a great extent responsible for the large 

decrease in the number of mills reported between 1919 and 1921. 

Average per capita of wages, of value of product, and of value 

. added by manufacture have been computed and are shown in the last 

three columns of the table. 

TABLa 13.-VaI .... 0' lumber and limber producl8 ... "P"- by 1M V .. i!ett s_ 

C ....... Bur .. " ,0'1" lho II"ara 1914, 1919, 19B1, 19B5, 19B6, and IBB7 

UIO'l'&D nATU 

1-. ....... ~ ..... ... 

01 $600 or over, IIH' __ 27,'" ',.,780 m .. I1 ..... 

'" !OlD ~m· 

of S500 or over, U1I8 •• 15, no ....... ......,.., po 08'/,'71,'" .... 11 ..... 1.018 ..... ~ 

Mll1I bavtnc ]mKl:uct 

MUla bBvinc produat 

:Mills bavtnc predUG&: 

of ovar 16.000. 1021. _. .. ... ....... 111, .... ..., UOJ.liDl, soe ........... .. 1 ...,. 1,

___________ 

24 SAWMILLS 

TABLE 13.-Val"". of /umberand timb.,. producIIJ IJ8 reported ,,;,"" United Stat .. 

Ce"",.. Bureau for they,ara 1911,. 1919.19111. 1911S. 19116. ana 19I1T-Contd. 

Average per wage 

earner 01- 

Nom· 

be,o/ Averag. 

number 

Total value TotaIvB1ue 

State .... b- or wage Total wages 01 product added by 

Usb- manufecture 

Value 

added 

Value 

men .. earn .... W .... 

of 

prod- 

by 

net 

m!lllu- 

facture 

~ -- 

New Mexlco ••••_______ New York _____________ .. 1,743 St, 622, OSI "'667.695 13.469, na 1931 "'678 'l,991 

166 ~"5 2, 907,178 .,....... North Carolina ____ ..___ &, 636, 147 1,28'/ 4,329 2. "12 

Ohlo ________• __________ 597 18, ... 12, 933,467 ...' 22, 621, 316 '03 ~I" 1,220 

167 I, i30 1,891,839 

Oklahoma •• ________ ._. 

7,993,364 ",,209,312 1,00< ~6" ~'33 

OregoD.. ______ .. _________ ZI 2, 431 2,038,624 11,403,635 3,344,726 83. ~223 1,8715 

353 30,328 40,788,696 112,242,.264 ",609,830 

Pennsylvania ••______ ._ 

1,34ti 3,701 2, 130 

Rhode Island. _________ 

3,562 3, ...,683 to. 673, 437 6. 988, 786 

"" 

... 3,006 1,963 

57 '8,8]1 

South Carollna ________ 

136,094 

• 90,'" 8 ~388 1,589 

'J1J7 1~533 9,338.6:28 ~.163, ISS 13.161,061 , 1,662 ~043 

South Dakot8~ •• ~~ _____ 3. 

,,. 

Tennessee __________'"___ 

'T'ZT,172 

1,066,478 

~"','" 

... ~04' 1,401 

Texas ______ 

"" 10,600 8.839,439 36.667,141 7D, 353, 2211 '80 3,430 1,1104 

~ 

Vermont _______________ 163 16,251 If, 271, 700 43, 6ge, 900 28,010,438 878 2,.88 1,723 

VirJrlnia ____________ 127 1,652 1,533,831 ~ .. ~ ... 2, 918, 240 928 2,765 1,766 

0 __ • 

306 7,661 6, 195. 365 18,481, 4{18 11,966,1150 81. ~..., 

W ash!ngton ____________ 

1,583 

West Virgin1a. _________ 538 ",73. 79,269,140 237, 600, 442 120, 065, lm 1,422 4, 2f)1 2,1640 

W lsccmsiD ___ •__________ 

.. 7,690 9,416,263 22, 742, 119 18,384,2211 I,m 2,967 2, 131 

Wyoming _____________ • 128 16,467 16,860,425 f6, 71., 936 28,417,159 

~"'" 

..... 1,838 

489,901 873,3.fO 875,270 l,lK6 1,802 1,440 

Otber States •••___.,.___ 16 " ... 836,820 ~'18,"'" 998,903 l,fl6 6,3;6 2,218 

SCOPE AND METHOD 

This report includes 1930 data for 50 J 

951 wage earners of 324 repre- • 

sentative sawmills in the 22 States, ana also for 6.363 wage earners of 

59 logging camps in 10 of these States, pp. 45 to 68, 

Approximately 94 per cent of the lumber output in the United States 

is produced in these States. 

The wage figures that were used in compiling this bulletin were for 

a representative pay period in 1930. mainly in the montbs May to 

August, and were taken directly from the pay rolls and other records 

of the sawmills and logging camps by agents of the Bureau of Labor 

Statistics. 

Data for each of the mills with a pay period of more tban one week 

were reduced to a I-week basis. 

Average earnings per hour of wage earners in each occupation as 

presented in the various tables in this report were computed by 

dividing the combined earnings of all wage earners in the occupation 

in one week by the combined hours worked by all wage earners in the 

occupation in the week. 

. Average full-time hours per week of all wage earners in each occupation 

were computed by dividing the combmed full-time hours per 

week of all wage earners in the occupation by the number of wage 

earners in the occupation in one week. The full-time hours per week 

of each wage earner were used in arriving at this average, even though 

some wage earners worked more or less than full time on account of 

overtime, sickness, disability. or other cause. 

Average full-time earnings per week of wage earners in each occupation 

were computed by multiplying the average earnings per hour 

of all wage earners in the occupation by the average full-time hours 

per week. This is on the assumption that the earnings for full-time

188 

OCCUPATIONS 25 

would have been at the same average rate per hour as for the time 

. that was actually worked in one week. 

Table 14 shows the number of wage earners in sawmills in each 

State, as reported by the United States Census of Manufactures in 

1927, the number of sawmills from which the Bureau of Labor Statistics 

obtained data, and the number of wage earners included in the 

1930 study. 

TA.BLE 14 .. -Number 0/ ~e faf'Mri in .avnnillB in 1917, III reptnied by 1M United 

,statu C'enIw of Manufactura. and numb", of RtDmilll Gnd wage earner. included 

in U .. 1980 lIudV, b!i Su. 

~awmuls and Yap 

Number of ~e:snof~b1': 

..... ~~~,_w_ .. __ a~ ______ 1 

by United 1- 

States cen~ Number Number 

SUllo in 1927 of saw- of wage 

mills ..... en 

AlabBmL_______________________ 17,lin .. 8,'" 

Arkansas________________________ 16. 3740 

" 

..... 

Clt.\i(ornia.._______________________ 16, 683 

~ FlortdlL-.______________________ V. 003 

2, 191 

Oeorgl&__________________________ Idaho. _________"________________ • 10. 6. 750 321 .. ~ 107 

',,", 

Kentucky________________________ 2, «l2 

SIlO 

• 

Louisiana. Ma.1ne _______ ----------------------- •______•__________ • 2l. ... ~ _ '9 ...... 

11 

Michigao________________________ 1. 

." 

Mlnnesota... ________________ _____ ,,902 a. 048 

~ ... 

!III 

MlsslssippL________________ _____ 19, 377 

Montanll.. ____________.___________ 2. 260 20 .. ..,. 

North CaroUD8._ ••_______________ 10. 848, • 

'02 

.. ~ 

OrOlilOq_. _•••••_••••___•_____ .____ 19, 206 

... 

South CarolinL. ______________.___ 

8,OM 1. ,,83' 

Tennlllll!lee ________ .______________ 7,714, 8 1,920 

TtII8S ••____________• __._••_. __.__ U. 848 17 Vlf1l:inla __•_____ •____________.____ 4, 470 11 ~ ... 

88' 

:n ~ • ... 

'"~ o.shingtou_. __• __ .____ ____ __ __ __ ss. 841 

West Virgioia. ________________._ a. 04.7 

w""""""-.-..•... --.-••.....-.-f-..:::~~ 

... =__!_-,::::....I_....::..::::_1 

17 I,:n& 

ToW.._____________________ ... 

~ 

..... 1 

OCCUPATIONS 

The occupations .for which data are presented in this bulletin are 

arranged below as nearly as possible in order of manufacture, and are 

defined on pages 69 to 78 . 

. Pond men (including boom men and 

slip men). 

Yardmen log. 

Sawyers, hesd, band. 

Sawyers, head, circular. 

Doggers. 

Setters. 

, Saw taUen on head. 8aWII. 

Sawyera, gang. 

Sawyers. .reSlnv. 

Sawyers, &mall saws. 

Edgermen. 

Edger tailers. 

Tro.wolor men. 

Trimmer loadera. 

Trimmer operators. 

Off-bearers, gang or reaaw. 

Graders_" 

Sorters. 

Truckero. 

Stackers, hand. 

Machine leeders, planing mill (in. 

cluding tial.ber BiBera). 

Tallymen .. 

Millwrights. 

Laborers (including various unakilled 

employeeaJ •

26 SAWMILLS 

Wage figures are also presented in the tables of tpis report for a 

group designated as "other employees." This group includes wage 

earners in occupations other than those listed above. 

GENERAL TABLES 

In addition to the~ummary and other tables already shown in this 

bulletin, three general tables are presented as follows: . 

TA.BLE A.-Average number of days on which employees worked 

in one week, average full-time and actual hours and earnings per week, 

average earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1930, 

by occupation and State. 

Line 1 of the table shows figures for 106 pond men of 22 sawmills in 

Alabama. They worked on an average of 5.2 days in one week. 

Their average full-time hours per week were 60.2, and in one week 

they worked an average of 50.8 hours, or 84.4 per cent of their average 

full-time hours per week. They earned an average of 20.3 cents per 

hour and un average of $10.31 in the week. Had they worked full tune 

in the week, or 60.2 hours, at the same average earnings per hour as 

in 50.8 hours that they actually worked in the week, they would have 

earned an average of $12.22. The same kind of figures are shown 

for pond men in each of the other 21 States included in the table and in 

the 22 States combined; also for the wage earners in each of the other 

important occupations in sawmills, the group of "other employees," 

and finally for the· wage earners in all occupations in each State, 

including "other employees." On page 36 at the end of the table 

it is shown that the 50,951 wage earners of the 324 sawmills that were 

included in the study of the industry in 1930 worked on an average 

of 5.2 days in one week; that their full-time hours per week were 56.5; 

that they actually worked an average of 48.6 hours in the week or 86 

per cent of their average full-time hours per week; that they earned 

an average of 35.9 cents per hour and an average of $17.46 in one 

week; and that had they worked their average full-time hours (56.5) 

at the same average rate per hour (35.9 cents) as was earned in the 

average of 48.6 in the week, they would have earned an average of 

$20.28 in the week. 

TABLE B.-Average and classified earnings per hour in eight 

specified occupations, 1930, bJ7 State. 

TABLE C.-Average and classified full-time Hours per week in 

eight specified occupations, 1930 1 

by State. .. 

Wages and hours of employees m logging camps in 1930 are shown in 

Table D, page 47.

GENERAL TABLES 27 

T ABLlI A..-..4tuJr'age number 0/ day, ora which cwnpJoyeu worked in OM 'tDee!, 

tWM"ageluU-tim.e and actual hou.r. and earnings pw wed, OfJtrage earning" per 

AotIr, and per cent oj full time worked, 1980, by occupation a-M SUIte 

A ....- 

A __ 

Nom- Nom- 

~~aYJ 1_~ 

bo, bee 

... 

bo"'" 

Ooctlpatlod and State estab- emwhich 

Ume 

... PO' 

pond mea: 

A lobama •••••••••• __ ••• __ • .. 

ArkuD88II ______ •••• _____ ."_ 

• U 

Florida .••••___________ •_.. , .. U 

Y8l'llmen, 101: 

A..,.- Per A..,- 

age Avw- age A ..... 

01 

con' 

lull· ... !UlI- ",tua! 

ally bows In .. .. m- oen>- 

of of on full- &ctu- time eam- time 

Usb· ploy- mploy benr.s ,,:~rked worked .,..- ..... ..... 

menta ... ~orked 

"... lDone .,..- bour PO' 

""'" 

Inone "... "... w'" 

woo' 

1- -- 

... , . "' . "'-. .4.< 10-"" $12-" $10-3. 

51. 

5U.5 

13.70 

, 88.0 .,." Callfornla __••••______••••. •• ,. ... ...0 101.3 .... ..... "'.00 

Ooow"-____________ ..· . 

.... ..... .225 13.M 13.41 

, 

Idaho .._. _______________• __ 

PI r> 

'.0 117.11 47.11 .212 12.10 .~.. 

". aab1ngtou_ ••••_•••• ~ _••_ '\' bconsln •••_•••_•••_•••_. ~l ~l C'l 

• C' 

~l gl gl ~l ~l 

Total. ___.._••••__ •• __• .. 38' L2 .... 49.8 .... .31' 1 .... 18 ..... 

= 

AlI~bru:nL. _•••••_._._•••__ 23 .. U 117.0 .u , Arlf.nnSll.!l .....___ ••_••• .om " ..... 

_~ ••_ •• ,.. " 

6.\.' .. .. .813 

CII.lUoruia. ___••••__ 47.M 

.~•••.• ".79 

•• L' Flonda ...__......._••_._ •••., 91.9 ..... Ill. 18 

•• m u .... .... ••• .... 52. •• 4,9.701 

O!'oraia •••_••••••• ••••.••. .. .. U 67.8 &7.3 .... 

Idaho •.•_••_...._•._••••••. _ 

• 706S 42 •• . .a "'0 ... tOO.O . , 45.38 4,6.38 

~~~::t~:::.:::::::::::: ::.: • 1. ... 117.5 ... S 

" .m ..... ..... 

16 

•• 61.2: .. .. .879 00 ~11lIne .••__._•••••••• __ •• _ , 

M it'bljnl.D_ ••_•••_••___ I. U .... .. ".T .... 83.,. 

.. 

· ,. .. . 

a ••__ )., Innosota •••___••_••••••.. '" 61. 87.2 .767 83.67 

13 80. ..., ....... .877 ..... 52." 

~'l3sWlppl_ ............_•••. l'o1ontana ____ ._•••_..._..... _ •• ' •• 67.\1 .U 19 .• 

• ... "" ..... 

18 ".79 

North CcolLDa. ._...._... 

51.4 .... 60. 069.711 

" 

.. O""",n ___.________________, 

,. .... .... . '7.30 

'U 

..., .... 1.13& ..... 

BawyN11, boad, band: 

Tr-nne-.. __•••••_....._•• " 17 

" ... ••• 42' 

61.87 

'.0 .• 72 "9.27 37.2a 

floutb CarollDa. •• __ ........ , 

HI 

u Ill. 06T.2 78., .,.. f7.M 87." 

'l\u:as ............ __ ............ _. II .. , .... .. .. ,.., .... 0I9.{6 37.G7 

VkalnIa- __________________ 

, Data tnoluded III total. 

• .. .. ... . .... .... . ... ..... .. ..

Call1omJa_~ ____ 

__________ 

28 SAWMILLS 

number oj day. on which employus' !Dorked in 01l4Il to,ek. 

average full-t."me and act-ual hO'UTIl and earnings per week, afJerag" earning, per 

hour. and PIl1' cenI of full time w.,.ked. 1980. by occtJ.pation and Slatot-Contlnued 

TABLE A.-.AI~ag" 

OooupaUon and Blala 

- 

BawreiJI~D~~~_-:'-_~~~~:_ 

West V1rg1nla _____________ •• .. U 

Wlsconaln ________________ 

TotaL ___________________ 

Sawyers, Alabama. bead. _____ circular: 

, Po • _________ 

I Avera 

•• Aver- Per A.er- 

Nom- Num- numbe Aver- ag. cen. A .... Averber 

ber oldaYI 

r~bours 

of tull· a •• ~~a 

.. 

or or on aotu- time ..,n- ,1m. actual 

"tab- emwhich 

time 01ly houn In .. .....- eem- 

Ush- ploy- employ hours worke d worked per In .. 

In .. 

menta ee. ." por 

per 

Jnone per 

worked 

hour 

week 

p" week 

In one 

week wset .,oek 

wset 

".0 94.0 '1. 188 1&7.00 168. til 

.... 89.g .819 41.16 "'S' 

I---------------------- 

• 17 

,. '7 U 6-8 .... 

.... 93 .• ., .. ...,. .. ... 

286 69' 

••• 

·85.9 41l.7 88 .• .886 49,68 "'07 

Florida ____________________ S 6.8 IIO.S .... 91.4 .110. 88.78 ..... 

• , 6.0 110.0 110.0 100.0 .616 36.90 36.00 

• , ... Georgia. Kentucky _________ _________________ 

• _________ ".1 6L1 86.6 .... ,.... ..... 

Loulslana.. ________________ 

(1. (0). (.) 

llo W 

(~ J) 

(.) 

Maine. ____________________ 

Michigan. _________________ • 6.0 ISS •• ISS. " 

(') (.) (.) \'J 

g) (0) 

('/" _ 3 

~) 

M"''''ir.pl. ---------- ---- 

8 

• 

8.' 60.0 .S 

North 81ol1oL ___________ 

'.8 

13 .. 

-. 

South Carolina ____________ 

6.' 

Texas. __. __________________ 1 (0) • (.) (.) (.) (.) (') 

ll. , ('I. 

Washlngton _______________ U 60.0 .U 64.06 

8 •• 3 ... 0 89.0 

•

____ 


TABLlD A..-AHrGD'e ntlmber oJ day. em which employua tDOf'W i. one week, 

average JuJL..tinu (Jnd actual hours and eaming. PM' wuk, f.IIIertJf. earning. per 

hour, and pffr cent .//ullli.... worked, 19110, by ..... p.1ioro and State-ColltillUed 

• 

Oooupation and Slate 

Betcen-continued. 

Vlrl!1nla. _. __ ._. __ • ________ 

'\\'DShin!rton. ______________ 

West Vll1dnia ________ •• ___ 

Wisconsin. _______________ 

Total. ____ • ____________ 

Sa .... taJlen on head saWI: 

.Alabama ___ • ______ ._. ____ • 

Arkansas ____ • _____________ 

C'aJifonUa.. •• ____________ ._ 

Florida •• ____________ ~~. _." 

Oeorgi&-____ ~~. ______ • ____ 

Idabo _______ • _____________ 

E,~::n~::::::.::::::::::: 

ro.t: alne. ______________ OM 

M Ichlgan._. _____ ._. _______ 

M Innesota ___ •• _ •• ___ •• _._ 

M ImlaslppJ _ u_. ____ • ______ 

Montana ________ •• ____ •• __ 

North Caroliou .. _. ___ • ____ 

Oregon _. ____ .0. _________ ._ 

South Oarolina ____________ 

To:oneaee ___ •• _. ________ ._ 

Tex •. __ • __ 0._. ___ •••• ____ 

Vlrglnia _______ .0_._. __ . ___ 

WBSbln~o--.------_----. 

West V "'to1L ______ • __ ._. 

Wlaoon.sl.tl ___ • __ • __________ 

TotaL. ••. __ • ____ ._._ .. __ 

f!;awyar!l, RIlDI: 

Alabaola._ • ___ 0._. __._._._ 

ArklUlS83 ______ •••_._______ 

Florlda ___ 0_0_ • ____ • __._._. 

Oeol"lia. •• __._••_•••" _0... 

Idaho. _.•___._••••••••___ . 

Loulsiana ___•__ •__ 0_. __ oo_ 

Michigan ______•••_••_••__ • 

Mlnnesota •• _•••••_••___ ._ 

Mlw.lppl ....._.._____... 

Montana •• __._••______ •_•• 

North Carolln •.•_•••••____ 

Ol"l\iOn ___ •__.............. 

South Carolina. __••_. ___•• 

Texas. _•••__ •••_.___ ~ __•__ 

WlIShln~ .•__•_____._. 

West V •__ •______••• 

w IIoonaln._. ____••_••••••. 

Total ••• 0 ____ • ____••• __•• 

S ••,eJ'S. ruaw: 

AlabatUa. _. ________••_••_. 

Arkaosas •__ "_•• ••••••••_. 

California. __•••_•••___ •••_ 

Florida_. __•___•••••_______ 

Otorg:Ia. _••• _M•••••••____ • 

-.pI 

f::~:!::=:::::::::::::: 

...-.._. __.-.... 

Maln ...__•••••_••_........ 

M' ........__•••••••••••••• 

Mlnn06ota.. ••_. _____••_._~ 

I Daw,Inc1uded ia total. 

76820°-8:i---8 

Nom· 

be< 

01 

.. tab- 

JJsh. 

menta 

21 • 

I 

17 • 

" 

... "".0• 

.... 

3D U "" '" 

28 

IS 

,. 

" 

• 

11 

.. " 

.. .. ..S 

.. 

IS 

• 

.. U 

17 

17 • 

20 

11 

... 

La 

2' .. La 

17 • SO ... 

... 

11 14 ... 

•, 

12 IS ... 

2 

, • (') 

~L. 

,. • 

La 

60. 

• 80. 

1 

• 

'" 

... 48. 

~) P) 

• ... 

'111 

•, 

• ... 61.6 

n .. &7.2 

7 7 ... 

, 

0 • 

'8 .. ... .. S 

• 

II 

~AV~ 

A."," 

Nom- J!~ 

her on ~. 

of which time 

~;_ IeiD~OY. 

- 

ho"," 

.... 

eea worked woek 

iD ODO 

,. .. ... 48. 

U 

... ... s., 

.. ... .... 

" 

... ... 

A."," p" A .... 

... con' A.erhours 

of lull· ... I~ . 

aetu- time Mm· time 

.. 

A .... 

actual 

..,... 

oily h.urs In" .. m· 

worked worked logs m., 

in one ,... .::.. ,... 

po< 

woek wool: week ..... 

10.332 $19.79 SI7.M 

.... ",IB 

as. I 

.... .... 

eas .623 29.90 27." 

.U 77 •• ..70 27.50 21.40 

55., ea. ..., ..... ;M." 

48.. .... .", , 

42 &0 60.' 

41 

.. .... 

" 

... .... 

SO 3 

20 

,. .. ..... 

82. • .'96 n.M 

.... P' 

.26' ,5." ,.... 

..., .'69 24.81 23.67 

62., ."" '2.36 ,~ 

49.2 .... .'''' 

"' 

60.' 

" .... 

27 ... ,0. 73 9." 

49.7 103. & .... 22.27 23." 

49.0 , 

60.. 

41 LO ".3 

" ... 

.322 18.19 I&. 76 

78., .... ,.... 12.13 

.... 93., .363 20.79 19.36 

"'3 

..., .36• 21.48 24 

ea • .3K7 23.22 21. !fI5 

49.6 83.. 

•• ... 

.... , 

'" ,2." 

49.S • 497 7 

94.' ..... 

53.' 

48.9 

.. ... 'L. .22' '2.07 11.1:11 

.... 

.... 91.2 • &21 ..... 23.21 

47.4 79 •• .223 13.38 .. 

... 

,~ 

41 •• 72.. 

.'" ....... 11.00 

45.0 76.9 .26' '&.27 11.74 

84. • 

48 .• 

,. .... 1".79 IS. 28 

48.. 

8.S 

.... 

, .. .. •&2Il 22.81 

..., ea. .382 22.23 20.67 

53.' 91.0 

... ... .... 

.... 20.66 18..83 

49.2 87.' .... ,8.8, ,.... 

"'8 

• , 

67.0 

, ... 61. , 

2 dO 81.0 

• ... .m 21." 

.... .... .... ...21 ..... 

62.0 .57 .338 .... 17.91 

63 •• ,.... , 

0.0 .... ... 

.m 18.12 J8.7S 

49.0 '.2.1 ..,. 

~) (') 

• 

PL. ... " ..... 

87 .• 2lt.74 27.92 

.... 

.... .W 24.8, 24.'. 

P) ('I (') (0) (') 

.... 

P) 

« .&. 

82.. .... Sl.4SI 

...,. 

P) ('I P) (0) (') 

40.' .... ,.... 11.'18 

41.7 .... .792 83.00 

• .... 

• 

• 

It. 

.. ... ... 

'00 • . ...'" 

",70 26.70 

47.6 711 •• .... ..... 

47.4 II,," .'01 ..... 

P) P) P) (') 

33." 

(') 

..... ..., .... ..... 24.110 

.... ea. .000 28 ..... 

01.9 .88' ..... Ian 

12 U 87 .• 

, U 

.... 

81.7 

.... .... . 22.37 HI. 'rT 

49. J 33.29 "'60 

91.4 " .... ..... 18.81 

..., ,.... .300 IT. 62 17.91 

P) (') (') (') (') P) (0) P) 

87.' ... .... 

94., 17.78 ,.. 711 

• ... .... 

.... 

. 

'00• .... 28.70 23.70 

... 90., .4$/ ..... 84.00 

03 .• ... .... 36 .u 83., .418 ..... .....

30 SAWMILLS 

T ABLJI A •.,-A.erag. ..umber of day. on which employ- work«l in .... ....le 

average lull-tifM and adual hO'Urs and IJ4rnings per week, average earning. PM 

hour, and per coni of IvJlli"", work«l, 1990, by occupalion and SlaIe--Continued 

• 

OocapatioD and State 

Sawy- em· 

which dm. BIly bourB ,... earn- 

~P"oy. bo.". enm· 

.... ploy- worked worklJd po< h, ... In" 

per 

lDon. boor 

per 

men .. ... 

A.rlt~ ___________ 

______ 

81 

I 

= 

A_ 

........ - 

A ..... .... 1 .._ 

A_ A_ 

b .... :::l! -;C-pI 

... ... "fDB- 

- 

- 

..... 

. N_ ...... 

~ 

0 _ad.... 

" " 

• ....... aDo 

..... 

~~ ......:" ..... .... ..... 

- - Io!=" .. ~ ... .:.::.. - - - 

..... 

..,. ~ 

Ab.I:4ma. _________ 

11 

• .... "-7 a 177 110..71 

.. ... .... ..... 

51-7 

~:,*::------: 

"'-, 

_... .. l2." 

r...rmda.. ________ ,. t

c . 11 n. • lUI 1171 

,. 

" ..... "'-0 ..,. 

Idabo. ___ 

.... IlII 

.. HIl.O .... %1.21 

...........------:: • • . .m ...'" 

I I'Lao:._ _. It III ... "'-, 1Il. • .Zl7 ,.... ,ua 

,,-- ,. 

I

)l.i.cb.ipa.------ ,. .. ... Mi..a.rIMota _________ 

~7 • ilb II. i8 

I!! LI "'-7 .... 21.71 ,ua 

It:~pp _ :II is ... ...., 7U .233 ...,. 

lo.!ODta&a _________ 

.0.., 

12 fLO 12. 

• .... Vi.i- • 41' ..... Nortb. C.-oI:lDa.. ____ . "' 52.. .... _... ILlQ ..... 

""-._--------_. .. .. .... Ill • • t;]. 

600tb Cuotiqa. ___. ... 21."- 

T_. _________ • II ~. n.. ... 11.16 Il" 

"1"______________ 

11 • 2 .... ~. .u . >1, IL" 

11 II , , r..1 

."'" ..... 

. 

VlrJ;inla. _________ 

,UI 

WahinllGn _______•. 

.... 10. • &1. 12.1' 

Z1 ... OL • 

"'. .... 22.27 ",21 

,,-. "'lfCizda_______•. ,,'IIICGaIta._______• • 

.7 U "'-, . ..... 17.41 

, .. .., .... .... ..... .... TDtiII. __________. 

'1." 

OIl ... ... .... &. 80.0 1.01 17.01 .U. 

• ____. .. .Artaas.I___ ILl 'LI' .... 

~ . 

.. ... 67.0 .... ("allIonUa._______._ .. .... Fk:Jrtda __________._. 

II 1.7 

"'. .... ."" 10.' At; ..... 

.. . "'-. ..117 .... .. 

--------- I 7 ... .... ;4..0 .... 7.2' 

ldabo.___ • .... " .... . U LO 24. •• ...m 

""' ------------- P) P) I'l Pl ('J I'l P) 

......-_----_. t.tai.J:JL _________ 

.. ... '1.0 . ..... rlta 

• , 

),[ichleuL__________ . La .... sa .... ... 

.. .., ..... 

&7.8 112. • .m l"l~ 17.1& 

)oilnl8"ts 

Mtaialppl _____-:: I .L' ."" ...00 12 

l-faoLaDa. _•• ________._ 

.. .. ... .... 77.2 .m 1~11 .U8 

z.,;«tb c.rouua.. ____ 

I.. &2.. .... ..... • ;8 ..... ..... 

• • u 10.. .0. "'----- 8ou1b c.otiDa ---._------- __________ .. L7 

, '" 

.... .... .. .... ...'" ...... 

10 • ,,-% 78., . 11_" Il ,.~. "".-hlDtrtoo. _. -------------- _______._ 

.. to .... .... 71., ...,. .L" 

III ... . w .. va,om. _____._ 

18. • , .. 21_12 

w-....ua. _________.. 

II 

• ... 01., .... ..... 

11 II 

"'.. 

~. .... .... .... .132 

-"""" 

..-..-~ 

A~ ________ 

.., 

-- - ..... - 

l6. 1f 

.... - 

....._---- _.. In 

.,. ... .... , 00. • A.la.taIaa. _____________ 

'7 .... .L.. 11 ... ..... C .. hfurula __________._ 

• To" ,8.'" FlDrIdL.-__________ It .. U 00. 

"". .... ... ..... 

7 

" . ..." 1.7 7.77 

ldllbo-. ~--------- _______ • .... .... .1i7 10. or 

LouIolaDL-_______ . ... 11 48 • .... ...... .619 .. .. MIWIL __________ 

U , 00' .m .LlI .... 

)l1cbiPD--____________ 

P) PI Pl I'l Pl P) 

1d1li.DMota-__ ..____ 

I. 71 ~. 

~. 

"'. . D." 

12 A7 .... c .• .... .... .. M __ lppl. ___________ 

.. ,. 

11 .. ... . 'foutam... ___________ 

fL' 7Il.. .N 1 •• OS lLor 

Ncrtb c.n&1aa.. ____ =. I.. &17 7 ..... .42!I ... ..... 

• ... .... 11.. .... ..... 11" 

"'-......_---- .. .. .. &I ..S _ 600.tb 0U0lb:a ______ 

12. • 

.. ... 117 

"". ... T _________ 

"' 21 U 'l'l.' lUI 

-"" .... 

Vir'ltlda.. ________ 

·_ 110.. . 17.48 l2.01 

• • ... .... 74.7 .... ..... 11." 

........... -., 

"". 

..... . 

Ill" 

."' 

17."

32 SAWMILLS 

TABLE A.-Average .. umber of day. on which employ... tJ}(J1'ked in 0nB week, 

average full-t~me and actual hours and earning8 per week, average earnin(]s per 

hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1930, by occupation and State-Continued 

OocnpatiaD and State 

Aver- 

Aver- 

In,·'· 

Per Av .... 

Num- Nom- umber Aver- 

... cent • Av8l' 

AVorbet 

ber 01 days 

on 

'oUlll of lull· 

~- 

... f ':M- actual ••• 

of of wblob tim. 

actu- tlm-a 8Om- tim. 

OOfDllsh- 

plOy- hours 

estRI>- em- ally bours 

~pIOY- 

In .. eam- 

... worked worked per In .. 'n.. 

men .. ... 

per 

~orked 

In one per hour por P" 

week week week week 

in (1118 

w'" 

w."" 

--------------I--------- 

Trimmer loaders-Continued. 

Washin~on _____ •_____ •__ • ,. n u 4&. West V rginia _____________ 

"'-I 10. 618 $24." 122-87 

5 7 5.' 58.' 0'1 •• .3" ...,. ... 1& 

W isoonsln. ______•_________ 

17 go &8 .... .... .... .371 22.04 20.00 

TotaL ___________________ 

.... I 20." 17.68 

". 

.16 

••• 

65.8' 4&1 ... 

Trlmmer Alabama. operotors: ___________• _____ 

Arkansas ________ . _________ :rI 38 U 00 .• .a7 87.1 .226 18.m 11.01 

" 

.. ••• 

67.8 ".1 91,9 _306 17.69 16.26 

CaltrornJa. ________________ 

49.8 .... .... 29.62 :rI_O< 

Florida. _________________ ._ 

66. • .283 17.35 14..89 

.. ... :rI 

?:~~::::::::::::::::::: ••• 

57. 5 91. 6 _228 13.11 12-03 

6 17 U 48.. "'6 .2. 7 .... .. 26.16 .. 

7 

fo~~::::::::::::::::: • 

'.1 47.7 83 .• .304 ~.14 16.89 

10 .. '.1 ... 87.4 .300 18.00 15.78 

Malne __ • __• ________ , _____ • 

... 100.0 .336 19.67 19.67 

Michigan •_____________• __• I. I. U .... ".6 .... 23.72 

Mlnnesota _________ •_______ 

22. • ao 00.' 

..., _44' 26.82 26.67 

MwisslppL _______________ 

20 .. U .... 47.7 .... .... 21.92 17.6D 

Montana. _,_______________ 

• I. ao 62. • 52.2 100.0 •• 6< .... .... 

North Carolina.._. ____ •____ 39 at 

••• .... .... .238 14.02 12. 81 

Oregon. _____ •_____ •_______ 

38 .., 49.0 96.7 .611 ... 0< 28.67 

South Carollna ____________ 

• ••• .... , .... 12 16.48 la.70 

Tennessee __•______________ 

6.1 

" " 

.... 46.6 .... .300 20.36 16.39 

Texas __________ •__________• 

II 17 U ".7 .... 70.' _'


TABLB A.-A"".agfl! numb". 0/ dar. on which. employee. tDMbd in OM week. 

QUlraga full-t''''' and actual lour. OM earning. per week, averagtl ea:rning. per 

JuJur, and ptJT cent of /uU lime worked, 1980, by occupation. and 8~Colltinued 

A ..... 

• 

A ..... Par Av"," 

Nom· Nom· num 'r~ 

.... A ..... A_ 

olday. 

A bor bar 

~ ;:M. 

... 

on f • 

bo"," of tull· a actUal 

OOCllpatioD and State 

of of wbleb tim. 

tim. 

B"" ...... tim. ...... 

estab- .... employ- boun 

oily bouro Inp ...... 

- ... - - ,,- - 

",". ploy- '!c,rked worked par In .. 

Inp 

man" par In ... par 

worked 

.. - 

'our 

..I:. w_ 

Inon • 

.. 

.. -------.- 

Qradara-Oontlnued. 

Malne __ •••••______________ 

M Icblgo.n __________________ .. ... .... .... 100.2 

.. ... ... ...... Minnesota _________________ 

U 6&1 "'-1 • L. 0476 27.66 

" 

..... 

MlBslla.lppJ. ____ e. _________ 

33 U 110 .• 53.. ".7 .606 30.36 27.33 

Montana ____ •_____________ 

133 

'" 

... .... 77 •• .8'" ZI.:M 1&06 

63 U 1 

• .... North Oa.rallna. ___________ 

8&7 .1107 26.41 23.40 

211 101 U ".1 54.. 'L' .2IrT 1.6.78 IUS 

OrafoD- _.--.- -------.----- .. '17 U .... ... .631 

Sou h COToIlD!!. ____________ 30." ... 87 

Tennessee __ •__ ._._•_____._ • •• 70 110 .• .... 8& • 3L 18. 74 

.. .. 27 &7.2 ca. 81.8 .... ..... 0&23 

TGX8I •••__••••••••••••••••• 11 107 U ..., .... .lO .348 20.&7 1~" 

VirlIlnla_ •••••• _0••••• 0 ••• _ 8&. .380 22.80 19.6& 

WaahiD~n_ •• ___ ••_•••• .. ... . 0. U .... .5'i1& "'66 27.58 

WIIIt V rKinla __ •••••_•••_. • ..., 31 &0 66.' .672 33.23 .... 

W IIooDll.n ••_•••••••_•••••• 

" ... 60., 66.. .... .... ... 

...00 

'" 

TotaL .........__••_•••••_ 807 2, 110 U .... • u .... • 47t .1. ..... 

Botten: 

, • 17& ,0." u • 

Arkan.'IIl3 ••_...___._••••___• .. .. 1 ".1 .... .... .242 ,.... I>' 711 

CalU'ornla •••__ •••_._.___.' 18 27. U .... 47.8 sa • .... 30.07 0&58 

Florida •••_••_____ ••___• __• 

4'i1.2 80.' .171 ,0.

34 

A ..... 

A .... Per A ..... 

A ..... A ..... 

Num· Nom ·~cd"i';: 

..... A .... 

her ... no tuJlboWl 

cdrun- ~ .=u 

Of 

00cupa&I0n and State 

01 .. bleb tlme 

tlm. oem· tlm. 

earn- 

t>- om- """" 

~Plny bows ally boon 10 .. 

... - 

Usb- oem· plOy- .::.. io!ortod =. worted 10 .. per 

...... .... In .::.. ~,?rted ..... .~ ..... 

inons 

...... 

Stackers, hand: 

Alabama. ~ _•••________ • ___ .. 

. 

Ark8.IlSAS _________________ 

Il"1O ..8 01.0 "7.8 '18.' 10-100 $II •• 10." 

CallIornia-. _________•_____ 

16 312 so. .202 I .... 1 78 

ta " ... .... .... . ."" ..... 

FloridL ___________________ 

7 II. , 87." Georgia... _________________ 01.8 .L7 .... .1S1I IL70 e. 7' 

.. 

. 

Id"lho ______________________ 

201 ... 87 •• l1li.. .3M ILSI •. 80 

7< 7 48.0 .... .843 ..... 

XentucQ __ •______•______ 

"'12 

.... 38 .LO • sao 00 111.03 

Lmdgle n9 , ... 4.. 89 •• 77.1 .271 la23 ..... 

MleblPD-________________ 

M aiDe.. ______.::::::::::::: .L .... ..... 1&" 

If 

"" .... .... SO • .. 87 19.71 

Minnesola-.. ______________ 

. .. l1li.. 1 ... .f20 '" .... 

Misstssippl _______________ 

... 20 

Montana __________________ 20 801 ..... .... 71.' .261 I .... IU' 

• .. .. .. .063 IlL" ..... 

Nortb Carolina ____________ 

.. 291 ...1 "'1 .:1112 ILOO 10.12 

Ort'lOD _______________• ___ 

221! 

•• .... "'-8 .751 8872 IlL .. 

SOUW Carolina ____________ 

8 184 ""'. .... BO •• .lBf 8.81 

Tenna!IrE8 ________ ~ ______ 

8 .. ... .... . 77.. .281 .u. 'LO' 

TfIX8S.. ________________ 

'2.3, 

11 341 , ".1 .U .273 1&03 alO 

Vlrginta ___________________ 

8 112 

.., 70., .U. 11.02 

Wasbington _______________ 

21 m 48.. .... 91.0 il2.7B 29.82 

West Virginta ____________ 

• ."'" 

W .lscoDs1n_________________ ..... 108 112.2 .ao .3Of 28.18 

,. 17< ... 88 •• 112. • • 8.0 ..... "''' I .... 

TOIIIl.._ ••___•__•__••. ... ..... .., m .• ff.2 82.6 .... "'82 17.18 

aebJne Alabama feeders. __________________ planing mlIl: 

110 80.5 80. • 81.. .221 ta ... 

Arkansas. ________________ 

'LOO 

.. Ita ... .... .. 88. 17.02 

CaJUornJa.. _______•______ 

1"82 

ta OS U M .• "'2 

, 

Florlda. _________________ 

."" 2'1." •• .. 61.8 .U 83.. .22f I .... 11.48 '" 

Oeorgia.. _________________ 

21 87 ldabo.. ________________ 

".1 .U IU. 10.32 

• .. ... .... ... ."'". ...07 ..... 

Kentucky _______________ , 

LouiUna.. _________________ 

~) (.) ~) (') ~) 

~) ") 

lB '23 ..... 82.3 ~'k 17.79 ,.... 

MalM.. •••___•••••••_••• ,. .8.0 .... .U ..,. 19.fll .0.,. 

MIcbiga.tL ________________ 

Minnesota-______________ 12 .. 87 .• fl." 72.. .... ...'" 

IU. 

, 

.... 21 U l1li.. • fIB 2B.'" 0

__________________ 

_____ 

__ 

_. __ " 

• 


TABLE A.-ANrag. numbel" DJ day. on which emplovelS worked in OR6 vak, 

tWfJI'ag./uU-ti".. and actual houra and etlrninga 'P8f' week, average "rning' ptrr 

. ho ..... and per cent oj JuU Ii"," workod, 19lJO, bll occupACion and State-Continued 

. 

Oooapation and State 

... A 

A .... 

.... Per Av ... 

Nom· Nom· P!\""""' or day. 

A .... ",n\ Av ... 

~ . 

""' Av"," 

b" 

~. hours of full· ... ... 

or or 

on 

actu- time earn- tim. 

actual 

.... b- 

which 

om· 

tim. ally boW'S In .. ..... enrn- 

Uob· ploy. employ bows worked worked per In .. 

In .. 

m~" eo. ... p.,. 

in one po. hour po< 

per 

lv!~rked week 

w ... week week 

wee. 

Inane 

w'" 

-------------- 

Virginia. _____________• I. '1 "" , 92., _0__ 

.400 ...60 21.77 

" .... . 92. • .2711 16. 74 ,... 

W ashln~ton ___ • _____• __ • _. .. West V glnia. __________ •• 143 

•• "-I 47.0 99,. .021 '",87 

• • .... .... .,., ..... 

Wilcoww. _0 __. ________ ." 

,'" 23," 23", 

13 .. .. 69,7 87.3 96.. "~go 23,", '2.3, 

Total._. ___ ._.___•______ 

218 743 

•• "-. 01, • ..,' ... 7 24," ..... 

Tall~n:;~~~~~:_._._~. TexllS_. ___________________ 8 9 U .... oil. ft 7S,9 $0.303 $17.00 $12.'- 

= 

~ 

MWwr4l;hts: 

= = = 

Alabama.. ______• __________ 

'It 88 

•• 

... 

Ark&llS8S •••______________ • 

"'8 "'-, 1.2.8 " .. ..... 20. CaHtomla. _. ______________ 

2

" 99.' 31.67 3loIU 

Plorlda ______•_________ 14 110 

•• .... Im.6 ."" .73' 39.M .... 

'0__ 

0 __.•••_,_..•.._._.. 

11 .. '7 02., 61.7 99,' .480 

21 

U 67.6 61.8 ]07,3 .,.. ...., " 

"' 

30.17 

IdBho. ________ , 

0 '0_____ • ____ 27.41 

18 &S ..,. ..., 114.8 34.75 30.89 

Loulslana. ________________ • 

99,7 .818 .'" 

8~" 3~ 11 

Maine. ___ 10 .. .8 00., 61.8 1.25 

."" ,..., 

0' _______________ 

Mlch.Iatu:L ________ •____ I. ,. 13 

•• 60.1 101. 0 ,.w 32.14 .. 33 

.0__ 29.61 

.. .. M mne-'IOta. _________•• • .... 57.4 98.3 ,"'. 3D. 95 30,40 

• 

11 U 60,. 00.7 lot. 2- ,688 36.1. ..... 

M lsslsslppl. __ 0. _____._____ ,. .. •• "". "-8 91.S. 

,"" "'2< 

10i ... • 607 .M• ""&0 

North Carollna..._. _________ 

38,,, 

OregoD _________ • __________ 

80 • 7 

"' ..., ",3 

.'''' 71.45 27." 

" ,. Boutb ClU'Olllla. , __________ 

&1 .... 01, • 1068 .762 37.03 39.14 

Tsnnouee •• _______________ 7 18 U 60,0 59,' 98.8 " .. .... 23." 

• 

.. 

TaIM __ "'8 .... 99,' 

S0.39 

, '"" .... 

~ 

Virglnia ____________ 11 18 58. • 

•• 

M.8 .... ~_~_~ .OM 32.1' 30.01 

... 

W ashlnfia0D- ___• _____ 8 59" .... "-I .514 SO,'"' 

""" 

~ ____ 

West V 

21 118 "-I 4;9.1 100.1 • 717 ..... 35.2t 

lnta_~ ___________ 

W iloonallt ____ •____ "_. _____ • • M 87.0 100. • ,.,. 

36." 87.89 

Kentuoky ___________ • __ • __ , , au ... 67.8 

Montana. ___________ • _____ , 

7 &S , .. M,' 

Total ___ " __ ._ o. __ OR _0 ___ 

... 

Laborers: Alnb&IDL _________._•___ Arknnsas. _. _______ .. 

~ _... ~ ___ 

Co.llfornlD. __ .. _. ___••__ •_". 

Florida ... __________ ~ ._ 

17 24 

•• .... .... 101. 

87S U 50. ... , 101.8 . ... ..., ",88 

I .... .., .... .. ,. . .170 

S ,509 "'20 ..... 

., I." 8.18 

I, 2.~2 58, • "9.8 85.. ,238 13.95 11. &'I 

" '" •• .... .... .... .436 23.33 21,", 

12 Georgia. __••• U tn.7 78.. .178 10.98 8,,, 

~~_. _••".___ •" 20 ... U 57,. 

Idaho_. _"'_'__ !,at ..... 

Loul!lana. __•• _________•.• 

• •• '96 .!I7.8 47.3 81.8 .271 IU. I". 

... MaJ.ne... __ .... ~'70 ~ ___ •••_~._..___._. 

'9.0 81.7 18.74 11.205 

M IClhlpn ______••_. __ 11 135 ".1 61.1 .'" .812 I .... ,." 

~ __ •_. 

" .... MlnnClSOta._._. ____ 602 La 487 , ,'" 

, 88 16.13 

OR 

M Issbalppl. 292 '7 60,. .... .... 

_~ _. ________ OM_ 

,863 1I1.00 "'08 

Montana. __ •__ :II 1,481 ... .... U,' 78 .• 

.~ __... __ ~ ••_ , ,.. .224 13.35 ~71 

•• 

61.6 'U ".8 .... 22.30 lU.98 

North CIU'OIIna.._._ .._.._•• .. ., . ... OroKOD. __... _• ____ • __• __ •• 79. 69,1 40.1 8&, .179 , &8, 

80utb OlU'Ollo.a._. _____ •__ • 

" •• I, lOB '" • "" ,. 23.72 21,88 

8 

'" .... 1'tID.naee __ ._.____••_. _••• 

·eo.O til. 80.7 .1" 7." 

Te:JM_ • __ •• 17 ... La &7.1 77.8 ,2.13 1H. "lll 

~:._ •••••__ •____ 

n.22 

Vlrglnlo. ___.""._••_•• ____ 11 0lI ""7 .... "-, .24' 14.21 

• ... ... .... 

oo 

59.0 ".0 8.' 

,,.. 

wo.shln~ton. ~ __•________•. 

IU' 10.08 

West V :r;lnIa____•_____ ••• 21 '14.11 U "-I .... UI.O ,t73 

.. ..." .. 

• 821 86.8 • 848 "'50 17.7 • 

Total. ___ ••___ •.•___•• ... 

~_. 

74:4 &0 .... ",,8 "'-7 .29' 111.47 ,.... 

.. 71' "'. ... ... .4

__ 

I. 

____ • 

• 

36 SAWMILLS 

TABLE A.-Average number oj days on which 6mploY668 wdrked in om week, 

average ful~ti1M and actual hours and earnings per toeek t 

average earning. per 

/wur, and per cent oj lull time worked, 1980, by oecupation and State--Continued 

Av .... 

• ge 

Hum· Num· number Aver- Per Aver- 

Avercon' 

AvCll'- 

Aver- 

, 

b" b .. ofda,s ago 

... .'" .go 

01 01 on boun or full· ... full· 

rull· 80tual 

O~upatioD and State "tah- em· wblch time 

actu- . time ....n· time 

.... D· 

Ilsh· ploy- employ- bours 

ally hOlld loRB aem· 

ID" 

menta ... ees per 

worked worked per lo" pe, 

f!.?rked week 

in one per hour p" week 

in one week week week 

"eek 

----------- 

I. M 59.3 

••• 58.' .... .300 

.... 26.38 ""M 

Other employees-Continued. 

Loulsiana.._._ ••_______ •• 0 

Maine. _____•______________ 

135 

••• .... .... ".0 $0.348 $20." SI9.38 

Michlgan. _________________ 

Zt 13 2'l. 81 

MinnI"5ota ______________ ._ 14 3U'i 5 .• 58.' '28 .... ••• 100 .28 ''1.3 D7.' .452 28.30 2i.75 

MIS!lIsslppl ______________ •. 20 702 U 60.' 49.3 81.9 .361 21.73 17.78 

Montana •••••••_______ . __• North Carolina. ________ • __ • 118 63 .• .8.. ,00.9 .... 28." 25.78 

Oregon_ •____ . _. __• _______• 

32 &17 liD.l 52.4 88.7 

••• 

.27' 16.19 14.37 

I. ... '.7 fPoO 47.7 D7 .• .661 3t. 00 3J.10 

Elouth Carollna •• ______ •••" Tennessee_ "_"_______ •____ • • ••• .M 60.' 06.1 91.2 .211' f7.64 16.10 

TeTss. __________________ ••• 

" 5.1 66.7 n.li .... .417 23." 19.83 

II 280 58.8 49.0 

••• 

".3 .378 18. M 

Vlrginia_ •• __ •____ ..___ •••_. "".. ,.7 60.' M.7 .... .3.10 19.87 18.02 

Washington •••__________ •• 

" .... .. 935 100.2 .1120 211.88 29.M 

West Virginia._ •____ ._ ••_. • ... 194 ".8 46.1 7 ... . 32.80 ..... 

Wlsco..m •••.•••••••.•••.. 17 314 

••• .... .. .. .U .... 25.23 28.'" 

Total. ____________._. ". ... 7.651 .!i7.0 62 • 91.2 .418 28.88 21. 72 

An emploYN\CI: 

Alabama ••. ________•__ •___ 

Arkansas _____•______ •____ • 28 3,760 60.8 10. liB 

••• .... "'.. .21• 13.25 

3,5M '.3 58.' 111.8 88.' .301 17.61 111. til 

Caliromla ••__• ___ •___ •• ____ 

Florida ____________________ ',,," .. 7 63.7 51.1 95.2 .M• 29.11 27.88 

OeOl1tia. ______________•_____ 

" 2, 191 61.3 

••• 

60.' .... .Zl' 

14.47 1202 

29 2, 107 5., 

Idaho ....._________ .... 49.' "' 1,205 .218 IU. 10.76 

oR. 

Kenturky _________________ 

'.7 ".1 .... 94.8 .li75 27.66 "'.21 

Louislan.a.. ___________••__.• 

• ."" 600 5.1 57.3 48.7 66 .• 19.64 ltl.57 

4.732 

•• '.1 60 .• .... 17.22 14.44 

II ."" Mi~Wegnn:::::::: :::::::::: ." ... 110 .• .... 91. 9 .35' 20.84 19.18 

14 1, "'" '.3 "'3 .!il.2 87.8 .380 

lP.4B 

Minnesota ____•_. __ •___ . _._ 

MississippI_. __ •__• ________ 

""" 

71)4 '.7 60.3 57 .• 9&.6 .413 ..... Zl." 

Montana __ . _____________ ._ 20 4,405 "7 110.7 .... 75.7 .28' 16.84 12.76 

• ... 702 .20 47.6 91.6 .... 211.21 23.88 

North Carollns. ___• _______ 

Oregon ____ •_________ •_____ 32 

"'58 

'.3 li9.0 51.2 66.8 .222 13.10 11.38 

,. 3.S.17 •. < .... ".8 •• 73 27." 25.69 

South Carolins. _______ ._._ 

Tennessee ____________ •_._ 

8 1,920 '.1 60.1 50.7 .... .... 13.1)2 11.42 

Toxss _________________••_._ 

17. ... 66.8 78.3 .315 17.89 1 .... 

Virginia. ____ ••____ •__ •____ 

II 2,350 ... 58.7 .... is. 8 .2M 17.38 13.16 

88' •• • 50.' 50 .• .... .~., 16.31 119 • 

Washington _____ •___ •_____ m '.393 5.. 48.. .46.3 94.' .M' 26.011 24.80 

West Virgini1l •• _____ • _____ 003 6.4 

• .... .... 85.3 .430 2.'i.37 21.~ 

W iScODSm. _________ ~ "_~_._ 

.7 2,216 ... 69.1 63 •• 89.7 .362 21.30 19.18 

Total. _______________ 

• .... 20.28 17.4& 

3 .. 50,051 5.. .... .... 86.

Number of emplo~ whole eamlDp per hour were- 

,. ,. .. .. .. •• .. .. . , .. go 

Nom· 

A..,- 

.... 01 Nom- ag. ,. .. If 

~""UOD.nd 8taN ...... be.o/ earn· U.- aD' ••• • n' aD' ••• an' .. , ••• aD' aD' ••• ••• " . ""' .. " 

11.10 

",h_ om- lop do< uu- un- un- un- un- un- uu- UD- UD- UD- uu- UD- uu- OD' 

... ... 11.26 

man .. ...... 

.... 

boar co ... 

..... COD" 

.. •• 

W 

•• ,. 80 

•• .. 

" 'U 'e< du de< du d du '0< '0< do. do. de< d" UU- 

" If 18 20 .. d .. do< over 

""... ..... ..... ..... COO" 

OIU" oan .. "'U.. COD" 

"".. ....... $1 81.10 IUD 

---- I---- 

UD- UDaD' 

... pen:. hMd. blind: 

Alabama ..•••••••••••••••••• __ 28 IC to.8CB ••••••• _ •••••••• __ ._ •• _ •••• _._ •• _._ ••••• _ •• ·e. ______ •. __ . 1 f,. 0 II I a _ •••• _ 

ArkBlIIIIUI._ •••• ___ • __ •••• __ •••• UI aa ,8UI •• _ ••• ' •••• e ••••••• _ ••••• __ ._ •••• _._ ,._,_ •• "e •••••• _ ••• _ ._"._. _..... 1 10 14 7 1 

CaIUora1a._ •• e_ •••• _._._ •• e •• _ ,. ole L044 e •••••• __ • ___ •• ___ • __ •• _ •••• ee _ •• ee •• _._ •••••• __ ._ ._.e.e ••• _. ___ • ___ •• 1 II e 2 e ···i4' '-'-ii 

b:::~:::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ r,: m 

:::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::: ·---r I "--r J : 1 _.e.~ .. _. __ ~ 

e 

~::t~;ki::::::::::::::::::::: g ~~:~ :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::: "--r '-"i- ---or "'-s' 1~ '···i 

' ' ' 

LoulllaDa ••_•••_._ ••••_.,. __ •• te III .810 •••••••___ •• e_ •••, •••••••, •• _ ..... e ............ e •••••• , •• e ••••,.. 1 1 7 14 30 

:::::: :::::: 

8 _••, •••••••• 

MaIM ......._•••••••••_....... T 10.&00 ••_•• e ..... •• ................._ ...._.... ••••••• ....... 1 ••_... " 4 1 ••••• 

MIr:hII/lD .................. n •• 14 27.767 u .......__ • u ...........'.,'.........,.... ....... ....... ....... •••••• 1 21 a 2- :::::: :::::: :::::: 

=~'l:fpt;C:::::::::::::::::i .1 U:~ :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: .... j. -"T J l~ "'·0' :::::: :::::: 

tJg;:~~i-ojjna:::::::::::::::: J ~ ::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: e···-i· ::::::: '·--C· ••"8' "'iii :::::: I 1 :::::: :::::: 

2,~gn6aroilna:::::::::::::::: I J~ tl 1: g: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: ~::::: :::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::: ::::::: :::::: :::::: 0 ... i' ·..·7· t ... ~~ .... ~~_ e __ .~? 

=""c!;"""", r. e: E! =" co", ="""" """ """ ="" "'''''''''r·~· '''''' "'" I I. L~. :,," =" 

... 

~~!~=~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I=-,;; ;;:;+~.;;~~+.;'::,;~;;!i;,,:~~~!~~ ~!~!-~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~ :!:~~~ ~!~::~ ~~~~~~~ ::

____________________ 

___________ _ 

TABLB B.-Average a;.a cla.BijiBd earning. per hot\!' in 8 specified occupalwna, 1930, by State-Continued 

OccUpation and Stete 

Number ot employees wbcse earn1nga per hour were- 

Nom- 

Averher 

of 

Num- age 10 I, 1< 

,. 18 .0 2S 30

; :o::r.~:::::::::::::::: l' ~ I : ~~ :::::: :::::: :::::: ::::::l::::::::::::::,-::-=::::,,::=t::::-:::::::-::::F:::::::::::::f-::--::-::-~,:j--,=~:t-::-::'j:::-::-::::~:F:::::-::-:,:j: ::::::::::::=t::'::-::-=::::f::::::':-:-::--j:=-::-::::::'::F::::::::::: 

TotIl-.. - .... - ..... ------.... ----f...; ... 

:::.j.....:.:""::.j..;.. 

;;;; f-;;;-';;'';'''7-;';';;'';';'';:,';;'';''';';'~' -.;.;.:!_.;I+..;.+_.. 

~I-.;"'~...;I;; 

~...;,.,.;;;.~I;,;.;,I +-.;.;..+-.; .. 

.. 

~-.;;.+ 

..,;, 

;;.~.;; 

..;,;.;,; 

~.i-.:I~~.;; .. 

-~S.=~:~~:::::::::: ~ t!::t :::::: :::::: ----~- .---~.I----~- ----~- ft ..1 '--'if ::::~: :::~: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: ::::: 

lI~fj ~ 

II ~1~~~~~f~I~~=rlii~c:~iii~ 

~"f1;~;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ !:§ ~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ::::~: ::::~: .. --:;. "--1' ::::i;: ;;;;~~; ;;;~~; ;;;;~; ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~::~~ 

~r::ni6:::::::::::::::::::::: 1~ :: ~ :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: ----r :::::: : Ii ~ -----ff :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: ::::: 

WubIDntJO ............___.___ IJ CI6 .li29 _.________________....___________.... __•____________••____ 20 38 1 _. ___________________._. _•••_. _____ _ 

W .... es& ~~i-i1._ .... _••••••• _........................... • 18 .. 382 ____ ••••____ •________•__ • _________ e. _______ _______ ,. 0 ••___• __________•• _••__• _••__••_•••_••_••_____ e. 

W 

~ .~~I~'+_~~~~.M~·~·~··~··~·::··::··~··f-::··::··:.:·,:··=··=·~··:.:··=·~··j:·::··::··:·,~··~··::··~·~··=··:.:··::·~~~~--~·f·::··=··:.:·~··=··:.:··:~·::··::·=···~··=·-=·~··::·~··::··:F·::··::·':'1::"::"="+'::"=":':' 

TotIl-: •••--------.-.--•••••• I=,;,."~-.; ... ~== .... 

= ...... 

=(;;;,;.;;t=,;,.+-..,;.,: 18 22 8 128 128 128 1(/0 1t1 

JO ••••_•••••••• _._ •• _"'_. _........._. 

ArkonllUll. _____._...........___••• ,,16 40 .393 ____•• _._ ........... ••___________•• _.__________ I .'•••••• It ___••• II " 17 21 8 I .................................... 

••••,•• 

CalUornla ___._•••,... __ ••___._. 62 .091 _.__.._•___ ._ ••_••••••••••_. ___ ._._•• ____••••_._.__ ._._•• ___••__• 

16 ••..·ig- ···'0· :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: 

I 

B~:,;,. •••••• _._ .• _......... " ".804 •.•... 1 

Plorida._ •• ____ • __ .. ___ •• _ ..... _ 12 81.871 ._. ___ ••••••• __ ..... _ ............ _. 1 7 18 7 2 

~':e:::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ rJ· 826 •• -•••• ---.. I 2 •• -•• - •• ---- 7 • 8 • : 

~~~:.::::::::::::::::::: .: :: :L~ :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: ::::::: :;::i~: ·-·-d- -··-;r : 

Malne ___ •• ___ • ____ • ___ ._. ___ •• 10 14, .429 ••••• _ •• __ .... ___ .... __ •••• ___ ••••• __ •• '_ •• ______ 1 12 1 

MlcbIIPlD_. ___________ • __ ...... 14 28 .441 •• ___ • _._ ••• _ ..... _ ••••• __ •••• _______ •••• __ •• _._.. G 16 G 

Mlnn08Ot& .. ___ • ______ •• ____ ••• .. 18.601 • _____ •• _ •••••• h •• __ ._ •••• ____ • __ •••• _._ •• _ • ___ ••• _____ • 8 10 

~~~~ffiii:::::::::::::::: J ~;~ :::::: ::::~: :::::: ~::::: ::::~: ::::i: :::=i;: .---~- .-.-~- .. -:~- i 

2D • 

;;. ..;;- 

• -•••• -'·-3- :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: 

·..·r:::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: ::::: 

""ii' ··.. ii· ····i· ••..·7- ........ :::::: ...•..-i 

~~hnca;oilii8:::::::::::::::: . ~ ~: ~ :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: ::::::: ··---r ····iii" ~ 18 

Tennel888_._. _______ • ___ ._____ 17 21 .412 __ ._ •••••• ____ •• __ ••• ___ •••• _ ••• __ •• _ ....... _ •••• __ 8 9 ----•• :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: 

Te.tna __ ~._ •• __ ~ __ ~ ______ •• __ .~ 11 31.883 __ 1:W 12 

VJra:In1a_. ____ •• _._. ___ ._._..... U U .818 :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: :::::: -. ·jr 1 1 45 

I DltllDcluded In total.

___ 

2' 

_____ _ 

________________________ • ________ ._. _____ _ 

OccupaUon and State 

Bdprmen-Cont!nued. 

\Vushlngton....................... 

West Virginia ••______ •______ A. 

Wiloonsin ..... ___...___ ••______ ... 

TABLE B,-Average and cla8.ijied sarning. per hour in 8 specified occupations, 19110, by Stato-Continued 

Ntun- Number 

of her ot 

utab- em 

Ush- p)oy ... 

moots 

17 • 

Un· 

der 

'0 

cen" 

1- 

10 

and 

un· 

dar 

12 

cen .. 

I' If ,e 

and and and 

un· un· un· 

dOl dOl ,. der 

14 '8 

..... ceo .. ceo .. 

Number or employees whoae eam1Dp per hoW' wert- 

. 

18 20 .. .0 fO 60 eo 70 80 00 

and and and and and and and and and cen" 

un· ... un· un· un· un· un· un· un· and 

der dOl der dOl der der dOl der do< '!'l' 

.0 

., 

30 40 60 60 70 30 .0 der 

------------- ---- 

oen .. oen .. ceo .. oen" oen" ceo" cen" oen" can .. I' 

Sl $1.10 

and and $1.21 

un· un· and 

der dar over 

$1.10 $1.26 

---- 

sa $0.679 ........ ....... ........ ........ ........ •••••• ......... .......... ......... .. 11 28 ;SO 2 7 _________ ... .. 

16 .. 607 ____ A _______ ._00 • _________ 0 ___________ ,, ____ • __ 0_ _______ 7 6 3 _________ 0_. _________ • ____ ._ .. 

.. .451 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ······+·::··::·:·f_.: 

..:..j.......:·+....:'.f·::··::·=!··......,....••.••.......:: :::::. 

Total .._____ •___________ .._____ 323 80f, .461 _ ~I 2 2 2 ~ 6ft ~ 170 92 L-~_ 64 18 I 14 5 ---._. 2 

1 

F~~.;,i=.,;;;,~·.;,··;;;··F··;;;··,;,;.. 

1== -~I== ==I~==:==:,====:,==·===F= 

. Trimmer AI8balnft oparatOI"l: ___ ~ .______________

I 1>1" lDcludod lD &otaL

42 SAWlWLLS 

T ABLII C.-Average and cla .. ified Ju/l,-1i17l8 houre per .... k in 8 epecifled occupa- 

_.1980. by Slate . 

OOCllpatlon and Stat. 

Num- Nnm.- 

be: be: 

of of 

estab- em hours 48" 

Usb- ploymen.. 

... 

Number of employees wbose full..tlme boan 

Aver 

per week were- 

~.I--.--~.---~-.--r-~time 

0-- 0-- Ov"" 

is" .... io¥ 

per and unweek 

under der 

M M 

under 

60 an- 

der 

" 60 .. 

.. 

88 Over. 

---------I--j--f--i----t--I---1--/--- 

28 .. 

.. 20 

.. 28 

61.0 

,. ., .... ------ ----- ---i- .. 10 

------- ----- ----- • .. 

,. .. .... .. ---- --.-- • • 

---- 21 

------- -_.-- ---i- ----- 

----ii- ----- ----- .. 11 

81. 0 

------ ----- ----- 

1 .. 

28 SO .... • 1 18 48.. --or ----- -----.- ----- --.-- 

,. • 11 --or • --Pi" ---i- 00 .... 1 1 .. 11 ,. ".1 ------ -._-. 1 3 

.... ----- ----- ----- I. IB " ----- ----- .... 00 •• ------ ----- --.-. ------- 

13 ----- 

20 

" 

.'••"8" -.--- --jj- T 

., 

• 

;~ ----- ----- 

__ aM 

20 61.8 

---i- --~26- ----ro- ----- 

----- 

11 

--or ----- 

.. .. .... 

•____ a 

2 2 __ R_ 

.-. 

8 20 00 •• ..-;- ----- ----iO- 

20 ----- --... 

R ______ 

1 

17 21 .... ----- 

8 ---- .. -._-


T £IIL11 C.-A.,.,.ag. and daerijiod lulUi ... /Iou ... ".,. _~ ... 8 rpet;ijiod ..... po- 

Iio .... 1980, "" S~ntinued . 

Number of employeee whose f'tlD-Ume boon 

per week Wer&- 

.. 0 ... eo 0 .... 

under 

N .... Nam- A .... 

ber ber 

~- 

Oooupe.tiOD and State 

or or time 0_ 

.... 1>- .... 

.. 

ho ... .. 

O!!' 

Ibh- plo.,- .., an' 

un- .. .. 

man .. eo un- .. 

- ...... ." 

.. .. .. 

.'" 

.. 

44 SAWMILLS 

T ABLB C.-AvfflIg' and classified luJ."t-tirM hours per week in 8 .",cijied OCCU",," 

tw..., 1990, by Bfa_Continued 

Occupation and State 

Number of employees whose CUll-time boon 

Num- Num- Aver- 

per week wereber 

ber 

01 01 

tu'lfestnb- 

time Over Over 

."'- 

Over 

lisb· ploy- bows .. .8 

... 6. 

per ebd un- .. 6. un- Over 

men," ... OD 

week ubdor dot 

under 

.or 

.. .. .. 

60 

• Dataincluded.in to\aL

LOGGING CAMPS 

WAGES AND HOURS IN LOGGING CAMPS IN 1930 

In addition to the wage figures already shown for sawmills, the 

following data are presented for full-time hours l'er week and wage 

rates for 6,363 wage earners in 59 logging camps m 10 States. 

Table 1 shows for each State the number of logging camJlS and of 

male and female wage earners included in the 1930 study. The number 

of camrs ranged by States from 4 in Montana to 10 in North 

Carolina; 0 males ranged from 219 in West Virginia to 1,357 in California, 

and of females ranged from 1 in Louisiana to 26 in Wa.shington. 

TABLE L-Numb

cents 

46 LOGGING CUPS' 

TABLE 3.-ClaaBifid ... ming. per hour 0' malu and 0' ,emal'" in all occupali"", 

in 59 logging camp. in 1980-Continued 

Clasalfied eamiDll 

23 and under 24 cents ____________________ 

S. and under Z6 ceDts ____________________ _ 

26 and under 27Wi cents __________________ 

27J.i sod under 30 cents_. _______________ A: 

30- Bnd under 32~ cents ____________._P____ 

32~ and under 3.5 C'Elnts ___________________ 

36 and under 87~ __________________ 37K and under 40 oonts ___________________ 

40 and under 42J.2 cents __________________ _ 

42~ and under 415 oonts ___________________ 

4.5 and under 47~ cents ___________________ 

47~ and under tiO ccnts __________________ 50 and under 5Jj cents ____________________ _ 

Number 

Perceut 

.. .. -----._--- 

Mal" J'emaJ_ Total Mal .. Femal. Total 

'" '" r.! r.! 

280 280 

141 ---------- 141 ----.. ---------- 

--- m -------4- m -------ti- 144 148 

179 183 • 3 3 

• 

173 

• 

179 3 

• 

3 

273 I. 285 1. 

21' 10 224 a I. 270 11 281 

• l' 14' 161 2 1. 

• • 

". ·1 "6 1. 0 12 

.08 -------T 408 

... 6 

• 6 

"" -------.-- ---.-.-.-- 

266 

---------- ... ---..------ 223 223 ---Maw-air 

146 0 147 

• 0 

132 ---------- 13' 0 -------_.- 

79 .--------- 79 I ---.------ • I 

'" 

.. I ---------- 1 

•• ---------- 1 

, •• ---------- 1 

---------- 

7 

till and under 60 cents ____________________ _ 633 -.-.---.-- 633 8 ---.------ • 

60 and under 6.6 oont.! ____________________ 65 and under 10 cents _____________________ 

10 and under 7fJ oonts ____________________ 16 and under SO cents _____________________ 

80 and under 8.6 cents ____________________ 85 and under 90 cents ____________________ _ 

00 Bnd under 9.5 ceDts ____________________ _ 

95 ('ents and under $1.00 __________________ _ 

$1.00 Bnd under $1.10 _____________________ _ 144 ---------- 144 0 -.-------. 0 

I. , I. 

____ MaO_a. 

f.1 1:1 

--------- 

7 

l') 

$1.10 Bnd under $1.20 _____________________ $1.20 and under $1.30 _______-______________ _ 

$L30 and under $1.40. ____________________ _ 

$1.40 BDd under $1.50 ______________________ 

$L5O and under SUO _____________________ _ 

SI.60 and under S1.70 _____________________ _ 

2 0 ') 

$1.70 Bnd under $1.80----------------------1-_,.::--F==+ 2 ---------- __.,..::-I-~:__F===i_-:.:~ 

2 f.l 

(') 

Total __________________________• ____ 

I L86!I than 1 per cent. 

'.298 .. ..... 

GENERAL TABLE 

---------- ---------- -------_ ... 

In Table D are given by occupation and by State, the full-time hours 

per week, the wage rates, and the equivalent hourly- wage rate. 

Because of the many differences in organizatIOn, nomenclature, 

and conditions in the various logging camps, no attempt was made to 

summarize the figures in Table D. 

The occupations are arranged alphabetically for each State. Different 

occupation names may occur in the same State which may indicate 

the same or similar work, but it has been thought best to use 

the terms in vogue in the locality and in the establisbment from which 

the data were obtained. 

. In some occupations, such as those in the cookhouse, employees are 

given board in addition to their wages. Where this occurs the value 

of board is shown in a footnote_ All full-time hours per week are for 

six days unless shown otherwise by footnote.

WAGES AND RO'OBB IN 1930 47 

TABU D..-Number oj ",.plau"" luu..ttfM hour. fWI' weeh, tmd rot .. oj tDGQ''' in 

/oggiftl/ campo, 1960, btl S_ and occvpalion 

(b-hoar. d-dQr, ,,-week, m-montb) 

AIlKA.N!U8 

Nam Fall· E.'lo1 •• Num 

.. 

bar 

bar Fall· ".101•• 

:~~ .n' 

0 .......... or Wage raw .. to Oooapatlon or Wage 

~= 

rate ..'n' 

em· .... 

to 

ploy- 

.r.:. J:r plOY- 

... .r.:. to:.: 

Barn mID. ___••__ 

1 '70 

....-IO-BOO Drlver'S _________ 0. 

1S 50 SO.'" 10 17. . SO, .800 EngioOBrlo load ... 1 

• 

50 120. 00m .... 

1 17. Fllers.. ___________• 

• 260 

1 60 • 475h .475 

BlackmIJu..._~ ___ 1 60 1 60 US. 20m 1 

•• .400 1 60 116.00m 1 60 Fireman, loader __ 

• ,,. .30' .... 

1 ,. 1 60 .SOh 

BoUermatara and 1 60 ..... .... 1 eo .223' · "'" 

load .... 

Fire wvdfmI _____ 

1 eo 105.00m .... 

Boilermakers' 1 60 • lOb • ISO Foremen, 1 lSQ.oom 

•• .,02 

helpers, 

Carpen\en. ____ .'00 ant and 

• .... ...... 

ow 60 • BOb boa. 

Cooka. Clean-up _____ mm ___.: 1 

•• ."". .483 Foremen •• d 1 eo .... .... 

0 _____ 

1 '70 14fi.oom 

0., .........._ •... 1 60 Ill .... 

1') • 571 Poremen, team ___ 

1 60 • 6Ui • eo l00.00m .. 

• 1 60 

.511 Uaulers _________ 1 ,,. .80' •• 00 

1 60 

, 

• filO 

~ 

60 .... .260 

1 60 .... 1 O. 

.881 

1 60 .495 1 60 .88G 

1 60 f,) .491 1 60 .8111 

• , 

~ 

60 

1 60 .BUI 

1 eo 

m 

.... 1 60 .315 

1 60 •• 52 1 eo • Blah .815 

1 eo , .. .B12 

1 eo .fot2 (?812h 

• 

eo .Slt 

1 .. .... 1 eo .... 

1 O. .

48 LOGGING CAMPS 

TABLE D.-Numb ... 01 emplou ... , luU-time houri p..- .... r.. and ratu 01 .. agl. in 

logging comp •• 1980. au State and occupation-Continued 

Occupation 

ro.: 

Teamsters ________ I 00 

I. oo 

3 oo 

Tongors. _______._ I oo 

• oo 

I oo 

Tong bookers. ____ I oo 

I 

I 

6fl 

6fl 

I '63 

I ' .. 

t $tllO. 00m I $0. 733 Brush pUen. _____ I Bakers. __________ 

·12O.00m .702 I 1 '70 • 6. 6Id .651 I 6fl 

1 '70 .85b .... 1 

1 '63 

Barkers or peelers. , lOO.OOm .63'1 1 6fl 

U05 • .. 

• LI32 

1 sa 

1 • 7 

1 .. 

.'"" .W 1 6fl 

• sa .m .383 1 6fl 

1 sa 

• 873 

1 63 

• • 8

WAGES AND BOUllB IN 1930 49 

TAlILJI D.-Nu..w... o, .... pIoV .... JuIl-U ... hou,. por "",.k, "M ,ot.. oj .. ag .. it> 

Ioggi"ll campo, 1980, OV 8_ aM oecupatio..- ..28 

I .. . .,.. 

1 o. ....... . I 6 • '.425h .... 

I 6. •• 42fib .521 

• .... 6. .... 

• ,. 

'.- 

1 ·.4I2,.;b .fi18 

.517 

1 '.mb .." 

il '.ol2.'ih • lilt. 

·.42.5h .lill 

,. ' •• 2Sb .SlO 

6. '.U5b 1 

••• .... 

• 2 ,. '.- .• fC1l 

1 ~) • om 

1 1.42511 .602 

IS •• ,.... .600 

1 

,. 

t .425.h .... 

1 H. t. 42~h .49l 

• '.- 6. .m 

1 I.mb 1 ·.425b . '."" •• . f.4:!Sb .... 

- 6. ··.t2Sh .43' 

1 6. ·.t25b .... 

• ,. 

·.425b . 1 .. I .42.~ 

..'" 

1 60 ·.425b .... 

• •• ..... . Choppen.. ••••••• 2 .. I. om 

l!! 

2 .631 

1 .. .817 

1 54 ~ .81t 

1 1') .810 

"'. 

.... 

• .. ..., 

!~ 

• IDaludM bot.nl nlwld at 11.36 pet OJ'. 

t And board valued at II.m per day. 

t And room atld boarG • 

'And bonus. 

• .More I.baD. 1 nle Uld boIUII.


TABLIR D.-Number of .... ploy .... full-time /un", per .... k. and .at .. of wag .. in 

/og(li1l4 camp •• 19110, by SIGIB aM ..... pation--COntinued 

Oooupation 

Choppell. ______ 

N= 

0/ 

em- 

ploy- 

... 

0 

P'uJ1- 

time 

.ours 

J:t 

.. 

53 

.. 

53 

• 

, •• .. 

68 

.. 

58 

, 58 

53 

54 

53 

• 

.. 

6. 

54 

• 

53 

53 

, 

1 58 

53 

1 58 

, 

1 6. 

58 

58 

1 53 

• 

.. 

63 

63 

, 

.. 

63 

• 

, 

58 

58 

58 

53 

58 

53 

58 

00 

58 

53 

00 

53 

CALU'ORNJA.-oontlDaed. 

EJn1ven. 

W ....... .... 

=.. 

$0."" 

_79' 

• 78' 

.770 

• 769 

0760 

~ .73' 

.733 

.723 

.723 

.719 

.714 

.712 

~ .710 

~ • 748 

~ 

.. ., 

.7'" 

.707 

.. 706 

.706 

.... 

~ .670 

.687 

~ 

.... 

• 657 

~ 

• 64. 

.... , 

.023 

.610 

r .... 

.607 

, 

~: r .... 

.... 

~ 

• 68' 

Engineers, winch. I 00 8.00d .600 

• 1 

(. .700 

1 

00 8.00d .650 

1 .... 

( •• 27 

• I 

I 

.. 

.... 

58 63 .... 

"700 '

WAGES AND HOUBS IN 1930 51 

~TADL1D D.-Number- oJ empIo1lBtJalfuu..,im, hour, PBf' tUNk, and ,.alta 0/ wag .. ,ft 

, logging camp'. 19110. 01J SIa16 and occupation-Continued 

"""" .... 00 

Nom 

bor FaD· 

Um. 

of 

om· 

h,un 

. plOy- ..I':. 

OM 

Pallon. __ ... _. ___ 1 .. 

FaUen.ID.BK .••• _ 1 .. 

• 1 1 1 • .. 

1 00 

S 1 1 1 • .. 

1 00 

1 1 • 1 1 

, .. 

< ,• .. '" 

60 

1 6. 

1 

.. '" 

6. 

• 1 '" 

1 1 .. 

FtlGl'l _______._ . .. .. 

• 1 o. 

03 

1 1 1 60 

FIreman, «ane... , .. 

Firemen, clonke, 

tDllne .•.• ___ •.• 1 .. 

• .. 

I .. 

" 

Flf'f!men, tnrIlne 1 

Fireman, loader _. 1


TABLII D.-Number ~I employ ... , luU-ti .... lwuro per ", .. r., and rat .. 01 wag •• i" 

logging camp', 1980, oy State and occupation-Continued . 

Occupation 

Num 

ber . F'tJl1·1 

01 

,m· 

time - 

hours Wage rate 

ploy _ per 

"" week 

Loaders, second._ 2 &, $O.52b 

6 60 ~OOd 

3 

.5Oh 

- " .. Locomotive Ct'ftne 1 60 

operators, 

Machinist:s. ____ OM 

3 

64 .Mb 

4 .. , • SIb 

M achiniat apprentices. 

1 48 _.60h 

Machinists, help- 3 64 • 60h 

2 48 • 60h 

"". 1 60 . 60' 

Markers _________• 

2 60 •"75b 

1 63 6.00d 

1 M .63' 

Mechanlc.L ___ •.. • 1 60 

."'. 

64 

.56' 

Mechanics, trac- 1 48 2SO.00m 

ter. 

1 48 .Vl2h 

2 .., .",h 

Mllkm8D _____ 1 ."'h 

'" 

~ ___ 

1 48 135.00m 

1 '56 136.001Il 

Motor-car eon- I 48 .50b 

ductors 

Oilers, tractor ..•_ 1 60 (~ 

Painters and ma- l 48 .7" 

cbinlsts 

Plpeflt ten. _______ I 60 5.00d 

Plumbers _________ 1 64 22600m 

I 48 .76h 

Plumber'sbelpers. I 64 .5Ob 

PowdermoD __ . __• 2 64 .fiSb 

Powdormen's 54 

• 

.60' 

helpers. 

Pumpmen _______ 

1 53 '.00d 

1 6. .52h 

I 53 .. 5Od 

1 54 .50' 

I 63 .44h 

Repalrmen. _____• 1 64 .60h. 

Repairmen. cat- 1 00 9.1011 

erpillar. 

1 e. ~5Od 

R epalrmon, dOD- 1 LOOh 

key engine. 

•• 

1 .. I 180. OOm 

, ." 

8. ODd 

1 64 250.00m 

1 6. 7.0Dd 

1 64 .7Db 

1 53 6. ODd 

1 

•• 

6.00


T ....... D~Nu""'" t1/ ... pIoyuo, /t


T ....... D~Nu""'" t1/ "''''''-1 /t


T ....... D~Nu""'" t1/ "''''''-1 /t


TABLE D.-Number 0' employ ..., ,,,11--31116 hour. psr _k, and rat.. 0' tD"fI" ita 

logging campa, 1930, 0" Slat. and occupaticm-Co!'tinued 

[ 

I 

Num P'ulI. 

her 

EJul •• 

Num • Full· 

E~ul •• 

OOOUplltiOD 

em- of tim. 

en' 

be< 

time 

a rut 

hours waa;erate rato Occapatlon of boors 

,..,. 

ploy- 

... w ..._ 

em· 

rate 

week 

per 

ploy- p" 00' 

hour 

... wook hour 

Book' bearl-_________ tenders, 

S.""yen __......_____ Laborers ___.._____ 

I 3 ... ... 

lO.m SO. 760 

I .4.49 

.. 00

WAGlIl8 AND BOtlBS IN 1930' 55 

TAllLII D.-Numr- of .... P"'-lfulI-li ... """" ".,. tNd:, lind .-01_.. ita 

Wti,;", ..... p', 1980, "II StGle _ ..... paI.o-It 

:... 

• 

.S,. 

800 

:077 ""


TABLE D.-Number oj .... ploy ..., JuZWi.,.. /om". per week, and ralu 01 wageo 1" 

logging camp., 1990, 01/ Slale and occupation-Continued 

LOVI8IAN.&-CODtt~ned 

I 

Nom • Full· 

Equlvbet 

Num • Full· 

ot 

time 

alent 

bmot 

Occupation 

em· 

hours Wage rate rate OCCllpatt01l 

t~~ 

poe 

per 

em· 

hou 

. 

ploy~ 

... 

week tiour 

ployper 

... 

week 

DrI'V8I'S, tractor ___ Sklddera. ________ 

1 .. SUOd $0 .... 

Drum 

2 

meD.. ______ . 

1 6. (.) . 1 

3 6. .41ih .400 

• 60 '.6Od 1 60 

,. 

1 

8 .. UOd .... 

I 1 60 (') .360 Bkidden' beJpma_ 2 6. 

2 50 3.13d .315 

1 

Peeders, 

1 60 3.08d .... 

stock ____ ] .. .. 

1 00 

3.15

0 

lI'AGBB AND DOUBS IN 1930 57 

1":,=1 ,=. 

1>c....J 

• ... . 

'= 

.. ,Full- 

, ,:, I;;om; w __ 

.- 0 af != w __ 

~!JM!I" 

pIoT- ~ .:. 

- 

'!:-'" .:. 

• .. ,5IIJ ,... ,- , ., ,,,. 

us • ,m 

• ... ,J6h ,... 

,,,," 7 1,2., ,325 

, 

::::-;.:- • ,,. ...... ...... Draa 

• .. ........ .- 

Blaek,mltb", Cable Rtlaa... ____ 

.. 

,, ,.", 

I I ... ,J6h ... E.- I .701t 

, ,m'" . m I ... ,rob ,aD 

,- 

"" 

, .... , ... - 

, , ..... ,... 

F"'" Fm I , ,,," 

: j 

,... I F .... , .... 

,,," ... ,2S0 

,,"'" 

" 

.. ,.... , r ___ 7 'M F3lb .310 

.... 1- ... F2Sb ,,,," 

F 

F'" . 

.r.!ib . til 

...... FISO F_ ,as 

,' .. Fm , ... F_ ,,,," 

" ..,.,. Fm • F,," F_ 

... .,..., • .. .:r.b ,218 

,- eomp_FF' 1 I jV 

ew-._ ,, ... , .... , 

_F_ , , .. 

C_F 

'I ... 

Cruisaa 

, '" F 

.,.,.,..., .. - 

F .... F'" • ; ........ F_ 

, ... F:r.b F2M I .... F"" 

F'" ,UD .........._F I F :lib F"" 

'I'~~ .... F"," .........._FF F_ 

, ,.., F'" 

1754 .275 

F3m 

m 

... FT.b 

FW "'" 

,. "-IUd 

(') FU. I F "'" 

F .... F'" 

Fm 

.. '" R ~F ,,. F_ 

,m F"'" 

• · 

, FIOb F_ 

I I : 

~ 

F"" u, • Fm 

FII' I .315b F'" 

.J16 I Falb .310 

, .. Fm I ... 

, ... 

F1II11 

F"" 

II " Fr.b '''' F"" 

:1 ~. F .... ,... UOd 

, .. 

F "'" 

F"'" • ,!20 

,200 'GftIIIlIeIIIo F __ =-- ____ , ... ...'" .5iSb Fm 

~j 

~ 

: 

FS 

I ""'Im 

F_ 

I FZ'l8 I 

, ....... FIm 

FS r_ ..... I FJ6h F- 

Fm ..... F 

Fm I ........ F .... 

Fm 

'; 

,=~ I 

, ...-FII61 

,271 ,..,.... F'" 

• I 

,,", F_ F_ 

I F"" • ,..,- Fm 

I ,S 

, ... F_ F'" 

I F'" r ........ I .... 

I F"," I --. F"" I 

...... F .... F'" 

,2113 .2ib Fm 

, 

F'" B-. __ ".'" F= 

FZII 

'lO F_ 

• F'" 

,23' 

• F_ F"'" 

il Lobann. __ 

,:tlU 

1 F= F"" 

* 

F2I. 1 ... F25Io F_ 

F20II • F_ F_ F'" 

1 

~ 

F "'" F"'" 

F"" IJP' caft1a.br _ , ' "-ODd F "'" 

• ,~ F_ 1 ...-F"" 

1 ,1" - (U) •;a!i 

1 F 

~ 

F'" • ,. .n, 

1 FlS' '. ,..,- F_ 

1 F'" a' '" F_ ,630 

1 . Iii "'F F"," 

I' ..,.. FW ... ..... 

Fm 

Ibchlaistl... _____ F'" 

F .... 

11 ,r.h 

F "'" " 

1 .4Ub .41.5 

... UN F200 ..... F'" 

.. 

,- 

... 

,"" . • ... F 

F 

F_ F'" 1 , "'" .... 

F_ F'" Mtoebaok:s.:sIJop._ 1 .... rom F"" 

MedIaIua. aIrJd· 1 ..... . a, F .... "'F 

.... F. 

F~I : 

DIt.dM!roa-r.ton l' I>n"" .. I .. ,- 

i 

Dnv-.. ....- __ .1 F'" 

:I- 

"'" F 

., .. 

, 

-- 

F 

"" • .. F 

.


TABLE D.-Numb ... of .mploye.s, full-time hours p ... .... k. and rat .. of .. ag •• in 

• logging camp', 1980, .y Stat. and o"""pation-Co~tinued 

MISSISSIPPl-CoDtinued 

Occupation 

Num· Full 

ber tim; 

of bows 

employ- 

~! 

... w_ 

... 

WBg8 rate 

Equlvalont 

rate 

por 

hour 

OOOl1pati01l 

Wage rate 

Equlv. 

alent 

rato 

po< 

tiour 

Ofi8l"ll.,dragllne __ _ 

OUers. skidder ___ _ 

Pumpmen ___ ~---_ 

en- 

R~a1rmen. 

Rtde.rs. gme. ___________ 

Sanitation men __ _ 

Sawyers ___ • _____ _ 

Barn men, _____ ._[ 

'I' 

1 

1 

1 

• "" '12 

I '12 

6 

• 

I 

• "" 

I 

I 

I 

I 

• 

I 

I ."" 

• "" 

60 

I 

I "" 60 

I 6D 

2 60 

I 60 

60 

I 

• "" 

00 

I 

• 

I 

"" 60 

• 

I 

8 

I 

1 

60 

2 "" 

1 

1 

"" 

60 

• 

1 

1 

1 

1 

I 

"" 

60 

• 1 

1 .. 

"" 

• 

1 

8 

I 

2 

"" 

.. 

• "" 

fi, I 

1 • 56 

1 • 63/ oa 

17daya. 

: I Piecework. 

.,.. 

....., 

1O.22b 

.nh 

2.50

WAGES AND ROUES IN 1930 59 

TABLJI D~Numb ... 01 emplo"'''JuU-t.mo hoUri ,... .... k ... and ralu 01_ .. in 

, Ioggi.., camPI, 1980, 01/ Slou. and occupalion-vontinued 

, 

Nom· 

bor Pull· 

E.'lnlV. 

Um. .. 

of 

OOOUPlUOU em· 

ploy- J.:;. 

per 

bour 

... 

Doll ooolal __ o_._ BaW]'9l'S 

' .. 10.4Mb '63 

...... 

lIM.oom 

, 

.363 

'63 roo. oom 

Oant-boot mmt.. __ 18 &55< 

~ 

.... 

.375 

1 , 146. 00m. .87• 

, 100. OOm 

, .... 

7112. 60m ,635 

• f yo. 00m 

1 r 80. 00m. ...... 

·.... 

.'''' "'" 

IS •• 27h .




, 

Nom· 

bor Pull· 

E.'lnlV. 

Um. .. 

of 


ploy- J.:;. 

per 

bour 

... 


' .. 10.4Mb '63 

...... 

lIM.oom 

, 

.363 

'63 roo. oom 


~ 

.... 

.375 

1 , 146. 00m. .87• 

, 100. OOm 

, .... 

7112. 60m ,635 

• f yo. 00m 

1 r 80. 00m. ...... 

·.... 

.'''' "'" 

IS •• 27h .




, 

Nom· 

bor Pull· 

E.'lnlV. 

Um. .. 

of 


ploy- J.:;. 

per 

bour 

... 


' .. 10.4Mb '63 

...... 

lIM.oom 

, 

.363 

'63 roo. oom 


~ 

.... 

.375 

1 , 146. 00m. .87• 

, 100. OOm 

, .... 

7112. 60m ,635 

• f yo. 00m 

1 r 80. 00m. ...... 

·.... 

.'''' "'" 

IS •• 27h .




, 

Nom· 

bor Pull· 

E.'lnlV. 

Um. .. 

of 


ploy- J.:;. 

per 

bour 

... 


' .. 10.4Mb '63 

...... 

lIM.oom 

, 

.363 

'63 roo. oom 


~ 

.... 

.375 

1 , 146. 00m. .87• 

, 100. OOm 

, .... 

7112. 60m ,635 

• f yo. 00m 

1 r 80. 00m. ...... 

·.... 

.'''' "'" 

IS •• 27h .




, 

Nom· 

bor Pull· 

E.'lnlV. 

Um. .. 

of 


ploy- J.:;. 

per 

bour 

... 


' .. 10.4Mb '63 

...... 

lIM.oom 

, 

.363 

'63 roo. oom 


~ 

.... 

.375 

1 , 146. 00m. .87• 

, 100. OOm 

, .... 

7112. 60m ,635 

• f yo. 00m 

1 r 80. 00m. ...... 

·.... 

.'''' "'" 

IS •• 27h .

..... 1 


, 

TABLE D.-Number oj emploYee8 z JuU-tifM hour, per wuk, and ratea 01 wag" in 

logging camps, 1980, oil State and occupation-Coptinued 

NORTH (lABOLJNA-Oonttnued 

Nam.1 Fall. Equlv- Nom· . . 

Fall· 

ber time E,.'luJv. 

alout 'or tlmo .at 

Occupation or hOWB Wage rate ra .. Occupation 

01 

,m· 

bours 

am· Waae rate ra .. 

per 

ploy· ':t 

ploy- pcr per 

... w boar ... w,ok tio'" 

Outt6n.. _____• 1 ... Bawyen. __ ..__..___ ~"'h ...,.,. 

.,.,. 1 ."1 

Firemen, crane. o. 

• • .. ·1~ 

00 .l7ab .176 .200 

Firemen, skiddcr .. 1 .. .25b .... g 6 • SO.'" .... 

2 60 ."', .225 1 

.200 

• " 

60 • 176h .175 1 60 .1" 

Hostlers ..."._. I; 

0 60 .,.,. 60 ,IY;i 

Laborers ... _______ 1 60 .200 • 1 .. ,192 

, 16 60 • 176h .1711 1 

.180 

• .... 60 • lliO 1 

.186 

1 .. • lOb .100 1 " 55 

Leverinoo. ____.'. 3 .3.5b .31iO 

•• 1 OS 

.:~~ 

•• 60 .31b .310 2 60 1: .170 

1 .22h .220 2 66 

LInemen. _.______ .1711 

1 .. .226h .225 

• .. .113 

1 60 .20' .,.,. 1 60 .170 

6. .17511 .175 

,. 1 60 .l67 

00 .1f1h .160 1 55 

, 

Loaders. _________ .160 

.. • 25h .26• 2 .146 

• ..... , 60 .225 1 65 .142 

16 60 .20' .200 ' SawYfl'll' helpel'L.. 1 • 175b .176 

I. • 175b .176 Scalcrs.. .._________ 1 60 .U' .... 

9 .. ,Ulh .160 1 .226' .226 

3 60 .Ui5b .165 Skldders .._______ ,. • 

60 .m .270 

60 .16h .150 6 .. .... ..... 

1 60 • 145h .145 20 60 .20' 2 60 .135h .135 60 • ISh 

Lag pDen ________ 

.186 

1 60 .20' .,.,. 60 • ISh .100 

1 60 .16h .100 • 

00 ISh .150 

Logpilers' helpers. 

• .13Sh .135 Snag hookers __ ._. 2 00 • 30h Machinists _______ 1 .. • 875b .375 Suukers __________• 1 60 • 26' ..... 

1 60 .3Sb .350 00 .20h .200 

1 60 .33/ib .33' • 1 60 • 115b .116 

MacbJoists' help. 1 60 .30' .300 1 .IMb .lliS 

&s. 1 55 .15b .150 

Polers ______._.___ • 60 • 176b .175 Spare men __•_____ 1 .. . m .27• 

6 60 .15h .166 Stable mOB _______ 1 '.. .20h .... 

Rafters. ____._.___ 1 60 .275b .27' 2 '7. • 175b .176 

1 .. . 15h .166 1 '7• .IMb .106 

RepaIrmen. ______ 1 60 .W• .... 1 , 7. .lob .160 

1 60 .3254 • 32.1 1 , 7 • .126h .126 

• .. .U' .250 . 1 '70 .U5b .115 

Rlggers •••••••_••• 6 60 .36h .366 Swampertl. _______ 1 .26' .260 

Roadm9D _________ 1 60 .215h .215 1 00 .,,' ..... 

1 60 .275h .27' 2 .225' .225 

• .. .20' .... 1 .. • 210b .~1.s 

1 60 • 175b .175 a 60 .20' .200 

9 60 .lfib .166 1 60 .1S5b .1" 

Sawyers. _________ 60 .1" .140 I' 60 .l15b .17li 

60 (I) .20' 1 60 • 16!>b .1" 

.... .260 2 00 .150b .160 

.. (I) .m Teamsters _______ 1 60 .30' .300 

...., 60 .m 10 .. .225h .226 

60 

.241 I. o. .20b .200 

1 .237 60 .175h .176 

.. ~ 

.2U 1 60 .16b .160 

• • 60 .23. 55 • 1Mb .... 

1 60 .220 33 60 .ISb .160 

2 .228 > 2 65 .15n .1'" 

.. 

• 227 1 

1 

.latib .... 

2 60 . 225 TonI!: hook('J's. ___ • '" 

60 .24Sb , .245 

60 .225 60 .225b .225 

38 60 .... .220 . 20' .... 

60 

.217 Top lOaden. ______ .. .225' .225 

• 60 

~ 

.215 60 .27b .220 

1 .212 ..., 60 .200 

2 .. .... 00 .l75b .175 

• • 60 .208 Water boyB... _____ 1 60 .175b .175 

2 .. .206 8 00 .ISb .1&0 

1 00 

."'. 

1 00 • lOb .100 

1 60 .... ,.. 

J 7 dayS. 

• Piecework.

WAGES AND HOURS IN 1930 61 

TABLII D.-Number oj emplDytu: /ulf...,ime Mura per wt'ek j and rate. oj tDafi'M &n 

logging camp., 1930. 011 State and occu:pation--Continued 

OREGON 

Nom 

ber . Fan·1 

of 

tim. 

Occupation om· 

bOWl Wapnte 

ploy 

... - week "" 

Hakon .............. , 'M , $120. OOID. 

1 'M lOO.OOm 

Barn moD. _______ 

• '56 '.00d 

1 

Bed makeJ8 ______ 

'56 

2 'M ''''_ • ".00d 

1 ... Od 

"I " 4.1M 

I Blacksmiths ______ '.00d 

I '.OOd 

I I U'd "" 

• &DOd 

2 MOd 

1 .. ."'b 

I '70 UOd 

Blllotamitha' belp I 

t.ToId 

en. " 

I .6Oh 

lIoDormnkers ... 0 ... I .. .80h 

I 

G.2id 

!loom mIlD .•...___ 1 

I " l?


TABX,E D.-Numb ... of empwyees, full-limo hour. p ... ",eek, and ,at .. oJ "'ag .. i .. 

legging camp., 1980, oy State and oacupation-Colltinued 

QREGON-OoDI1nued 

INb~ . Full·1 

EQulv- Num • FuJI· 

tim. alent her tim. 

Occupation 

em· 0' hour'l Wag. rate rate Occupation 0' hours 

em· 

ploy -!!k 

.or pe, 

ploy- 

... 

hour 

... week 

Cranemen, loco- 1 ~.10d '1.0l3 l'aller8.._",,,,. __• __ 

• .. 

moUve. 1 

Crane~oundmen '.DOd .626 1 

Cl;ane alper. ____ 

• .. 76

______ 

WAGES AND BOUBS iN 1930 63 

-. 

OWU 'he .... .... .... ........ .... 

W __ boars W ..... 

=. Om4 ~ 

iN= 

.. hJl.l 

=- ..... ~1hJ1. .. I;: ~ 

- --I ~- 

.........__ I .. 2 .... 

- 

I "lid (') a I a 

m 

..... • .. ."" 

. I (') 

I (') .... I .. .... 

I 

~ 

r.I ."" • a I .- 

a, I a '.fOb.. .... 

:1 m 

I '.- 

., .... B ____ • "Ud LOU 

( .S87 I 

• I .. .. ..... 

_._.- • 

a' ....... .... 

B 

.... I 

I I .. .... I I 

I I 

• .. .... I 

.- 

• .. .m 

• .m 

• .... a I .... 

. 

::i¥ 

.... • .121 

• .m I .710 

I ."" ~.-... - I .... 

I ( .... .... .- 

t.ban!rs. ___• ____ 

(') I .".. ."" .m 

I -- 

.f" 

~ 

....... ...... .... 

l.e\'flf'1DI8 ____ e • 

Limber8.-_______ i .. L .... LODO 

.... .. .... 

I .w l.iMuaL ___ I a 

!:l 

L '''' 

• .DO 

• m 

.... I .,.. 

I ."" LiDIID _____••• 

I a ~ ·". 

I • >111 

~ 

- J.oc.derI. _.__ • .. ."'" • .. .... ."'" 

w ____ 

11'" UOO 

..." 

.... 

................. (') ....-L20I 

i.GOd .Im ..... L125 

u •• --. 

7 .m 

I ....... ..... .. .... 

7InmaD. ...._-_ I .llIb .iI' • .711 ."'" 

. m I .n. 

- .rn 7 @... 

..... 

f ...... .... L25d (') .5O 2Od .... 

---... , .... ..... .._.......... ------ • La 

I _ 

.810 I 7.00d .871 

--.. 

~ . an I . .800 

...... .... ..... .71!0 

PJ .fiI11 ...... I .7IIb 

, ...... '"' • .., · "" 

I 

."" • ~------- I L70d .m 

I ,,,," M __ 

I ..... .... 

Plnmea. 7Wder -_ I ...... ..... 

I -- 

L" 

~ j r. pro4«:tioa L .lii 

..... .. .. I 

.r.t~- 

.. 

(') . ,:1 ..... • 111. . ~ 

• .,. .f50 .............. I 1171.GDm LID 

7'InnJr:a. _ 0 

f ....... .417 

, 1M! ''''-00m .'"' .......... ~-.- I ...... .111 

'Fuel cutten .• ,. 

64 LoGGING CAMPS 

TaL .. D.-Numb ... of employ ... , Jull-ti11l8 hours 1'''' week, and ratee of wagee '" 

Ioggi~ 00"'1'0, 1980, 011 Stat. and oc:cupation-C!'ntinued 

Occupation 

RePfllmum. dOll- I .. 

key engine. 

1 1 Repairmen, mls- 1 .. 

cellaneous •. 

RJuers.." ___ .._____ 

1 1 .. 

• 4. 

1 1 • 1 71 a '~Iae~, head _____ 1 1 1 1 1 

, 1 1 Riggen' heJpers._. 1 1 1 Sandmen _________ 

1 1 ScaJers ••_ ••••••.• 1 1 • 1 1 U • 1 1 1 .. 

• ," 

ShoveloHarL. ____ 

S.tauaImeD ________ 

1 1 1 1 1 Speeders. ___ •__ .0_ 

• .. 

Supply meD. _____ 1 Bwampers. _______ ·1 .. 

Bakel'!l •• _ ••• _____ 1 'M 

l ' .. 

1 '.. 

1 

Bed makers ______ 

'66 

1 '66 

1 '.. 

B1.cksmlths.~ ____ 1 1 1 Blacksmitbs' 1 .. 

• aI ..... 

17days. 

I Plecawork. 

1 ' .. 

1 '66 

1 '66 

.... 00m 

li.1Od 

(~ 

8.""" 

If6.00m 

j~ 


';l'ABLB D.-Numb ... 01 emp/


T ABLII D.:-Numb ... 01 employ ... , lull-time hours per week, and ,at .. 01 wag .. in 

logging comps, 1980, oy Slate and occupation-Continued 

W A8RINGTON-CoutlDued 

Num- I Full 

Num 

E.'lulv. 

- FuJI· 

Ea'lUiv• 

t; tim; be.- 

Wage rate 

ont 

01 

Hmo 

ent 

OooupatioD em- hours r ... Occupation 

bows Waprate ..... 

em· 

... ... 

bolU 

plOy- !!k J'.:.. 

ploy- J:k per 

EQglneen, loader_ 2 48 SIO.OOd $1. 250 Follets:. _______._ 1 48 10.'" 

• .,.. 

1 48 •. 00

WAGES AND DOUBS IN 1930 67 

T.utL. D.-Numbor 01 ... p/oyear 1ulJ..4i_ iIou .. per' .... k, tmd ra/a 0'....".. ... 

log".., ... mpo. 19S0. OJ! &Gu .. nd o


TABLII D.-Number oj "",ploy..., JuU-t;ms houri per lDOek, and rat .. oj wag .. in 

. /Ggging campo, 1980, oy State and occupati

APPENDIXES 

APPENDII A.-SA WMILL TERMS WITS DEFINITIONS. AND CLASSIl'ICATlONS 

BY BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 

nO. 

Do. 

nO. 

nO. 

Cit loatterL-___ _ 

f.:arpeo&arL _______ _ 

Cerpeulln' beIpen ___ _ 

c ... ~ __ 

no. 

OChw employees. 

Do. 

Do. 

69

70 SAWMILLS 

Sawmill term 

Definition 

Classlfted by bunau u- 

Oarrier drtver.~ _____ ~. The ltos3 carrier Llused for trllllllporting lumber to the 

yard, the loading dock, OJ' other place about tbe 

mill or yard. It Is a motor vehicle bavioft B high 

cbasis or (rnme 80 coDdtmcted that the vehicle can 

pass over 8 pile of lumber approximately 6 teet high 

and .. leet wfde. Two wheels of tbe carTier pass 011 

each side of the lumber to be moved and tbe upper 

part of the frame passes above the lumbar. TbB 

staek of lumber bas been laid 00 two strong CI'08I 

pieces ot tbuber and when thecnrrler II immediately 

over the pile of lumber, (our chains or two angle 

boam.s are let down from the machine and attaciJed 

to the ends of the cross timbers under the lumber. 

The chains or angle beams are then dmwn up by It 

drum arrangement and the lumber is hoIsted a 

short distance from the ground 01' Jloor and carried 

to Its destiDation by the machine. The operator of 

the machine ,is called 8 carrier driver or carrier 

operator. The operator bears the same relation to 

the machine that an auto-truck driver bears to the 

truck. Otber types 01 carrie1s a.re also used (or the 

same pu.rpos.e. 

Cbeoker5-____________ Estimate the quantity and verifytbe kind! or lumber 

Do ________________ _ 

Chute feeders ____ • ___ ._ 

Clapboard sawyen ___ _ 

~e::;~ ~:n::::::::: 

i~.:rctb~"i~k"t:)-6eeD--removCd-iog;-8ic-saweditmgtbwbe 

into wedge-shoped sections radlat1ng 

from a central core. The block being fastened at 

the ends and turned on its longltudinal8.1is for successive 

cats. Wben the block hIlS been revolved 

-completely, It Is removed from the machine, the 

boards are prJed and split loose from the core. The 

finished clapboard Is 48 Inches long, 7 Inches wide. 

one-balf Inch thick at one edge. and tapers to the 

other edge. . 

~~~:'::~a7Jng-ih(,_roDVeYor-clUiiDB-icading-~·fho· 

waste burner or to the hog, and keep the waste from 

-clogging the chains. 

Crane chasers __________ Attach hooks or slings to a quantity oflumbt-.r wbicb 

15 to be bandied by crane, and signal the Cl1l1U.'man 

88 to raising, lowering or moving the l-oad, 8nd also 

.loosen the books and chains after the load bas been 

moved. 

Cranemen. log yard____ Operate the controlllng devices of a boom crane used 

in unloading logs, and 10 movlng or placing them 

near the saw carnage. 

Cranemen, lumber Operate stationary cranes~d in hoisting lumber but 

yard and doek.. do not move It outside the rndjus 01 the boom. 

(See Hoist operators) 

Cranemen's hoJpel'B_ ___ Attach cbains or slings to crane loads and ma)' signal 

C['8Demen's sIlngers. __ _ 

Crane operaton, locomotive. 

the cranemeo 811 to raIslng. lowering or moving the 

load and also cast oft the chains or slings alter the 

loads have been moved. 

ffee Cranemen's helpers) - - - --.----. ----------.------ 

:=?J~!W ~~~~::r~~c\e!sffi?~~e~e£~ 

to kiln or from yard to planing mUl, shipping dock. 

etc., and deposIt In a pHe without further work of 

unloading or plllng. 

Cut-ofl' saw tailers _____ • (See Off-bearers, planing mlll) ____________________ 

Cut-oif sawyer'S_ _______ (See SaW)'ers, .small saws) __________________________ _ 

Cut-up sawyers ____________ do __________________ --------------------------- 

Deck meB.. _____________ Work on the log deck wbere they operate, by the use 

of levers. the bull chain wblch pulls lags up tbe incline 

from the Jog pond. Tbey may abo operate 

mecbanieal kicker or a buD wheeland eable for turning 

or roiling logs to the incline of the deck, or use. 

cant hook or peavy for this purpose.. and also at 

some mUls may remove rocks or stones embedded 

In the bark ollog:s, usJna: a pick or an ue 10 doing 

this work. 

D-..... -1'1 

Saw long crook,",. or knotty logs Into Jengtba more 

- "03" ------- conve~ent lor the head saw to handle. 

Denick men, log yard._ Operate the controlling devtccs of a derrick or boom 

-crane tlS6d in unloading logs and moving or pJ.acinK 

them in pos.ltlon near the 3aW carriage. 

DImeDaIoD cutters ___ ~__ 

Other employee&. 

in tbe various departments such as ya.rd, dry shed • 

(See • 1

APPENDIX A.-8AWMJLL TEBM8 WITH DEFINITION8 71 

Drsclllwyel'8 _________ _ 

DI"J'-«DD 1Dm.. ________ _ 

Otherem~ 

Do. 

EdRl!r IlnMlp meu •.• _. 

EdgertlWl, after bNd 

aw. 

-- 

Do. 

0tW Do. ...._ 

Do. 

Do. 

Flatmen ______ . __ . _ •• _. 

Foremen, "orll:ln&. ___ _ 

Oaaa oil ..... _________ _ 

""""- 

Do. 

- 

Labonn. 

-... 

Do. 

.-). 

- 

......... 

La_ 

OIl~CPDI"~ 

O&herSillAoJ-. 

Do. 

LoI>onIL 

0 .... _ 

.......... 

L&bona. 

Olh"~

Gradors) 

__ 

72 8AWMILLS 

Sawmill term 

DelIn1\1cm 

OlassIfted b,. bureau ...... 

BoJsters, lOS poDd._~._ Operate a donkey engine used In ra1!Ing sunken logs 

aDd towing them to theslJp. raislDg large lop so that 

they will start up the sUP. and in releasing logs that 

have become jammed in the pond. 

Holst Operators.M ______ Use a stationary crane or !dn pole In bofsUnB loga or 

lumber within the radill8 of the boom. 

I==~:::::::::: Inspectors_________ _____. 

~;d!~_~~~:::=::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

~SG8 .. ________________________ • _____________ _ 

Inspectors,logs_________ See Dimension catters} ___________ •____________• ____ _ 

lDBpectora.lumber _____ E18ID..loe lumber that hIlS already been graded to 

correct faults In previous gradlnR'. and to regrade 

lumber that bas gone of! grade while in stacka 01' 

IBCkers. planlDg mlU ___ 

Jackers Jitney J oraKemeD y~------.--- ______ _ 

lime,. driVenl _________ 

bios. 

AssIst machine feed8l'81n handling lumber ._. _____ _ 

g;::..a~=8s-wbicli-ooDii.;i6P-;ed-,;fmnera:::::::: 

Operate trucks or tracton wed In hauling 10mbai' 

loaded on buggies, bu:nb. trucks, etc., about tbe 

plant.. from green chain to k~ or atacldng yard, 

and nom stackJng yard to sheds, ahippLng dock. 

, planing mID, etc. 

lamp aawyer8........... Operate movable saws placed between bead saws and 

-edgers to cat long lumber Into shorter lengths. 

Thoy also at times perform the work 01 timber tcim 

KIIn. meD ______ .......... __ 

X1ln pullers. .. _________ • 

KIln ____________ _ 

Knee bolters' helpera. __ 

KoUe grinders ________ _ 

Labann ____________ _ 

Lath grader8.._. _______ _ 

Lath pllera._ •• _. ______ _ 

____________ _ 

(See mers. Dry kUn men) M._. ________________ M 

Asstst in placing lumber In. and removing It from dry 

kl1ns. 

Knee bolterl ___ M_. _____ 

W:~::fal ::In:si)HiiliB-liOitiOi-bi0Ck8:--Yerydangerous 

work. 

Work under the dlrectlon of knee bolten ___________ (See Grinders, knives) ______________________________ _ 

Perlorm general t1DSkiIled work In the various departments 

or the establishment. Include bolter taHers. 

bottom pllMh bugy cutters, bUggy loaders. 

bundlen. bnnli: loaden, burner men, cant setters. 

ear loaders, clean-up men, conveyor men, crane 

chasers. cranemen's helpers, cranemen slingers, cut. 

off saw tallers. dock men, edg6l"'s line-up men, 

edger men's helpen. edger lqKltters, reeder's helpers, 

fta,tmen, gang-sow helpers, grader!!' helpers. hog 

feeders, hog men, }a.cken (planninl mill), kiln 

pullen knee bolters helpers, lath pUen, lath stackers. 

lath taners. lath tiers, lath pullers. loaders, log 

unloaders.lumher cutters, lumber handlers,lumber 

pliers (sheds).lumber straigbteners, machine feeder's 

helpers, monorall helpers, monorail bookezs,.!DODQo& 

rail slingers, off-bearers (planins: or lath row), offbearers 

(small saws), pickers, pUers ,shed), planer 

taUen. pluggers, pullers OdIn),_puUera (Planing 01" 

lath mID), rs.ck:ers (plaolng null), resawrer8' help. 

ers, rlp-saw taIIers, saw tailers (small saws), send-in 

men, set-In men (plnDlng mill) shedmeu. slab 

pickers, slasher men's helpers, ;oda dip men, soda 

vat men. stsclc coverers, stackers ()aths), stack. 

walkers, stick hustlers, Attck men, stock pickers, 

swampera. sweepers taUen (cut-off saw), tallers (rip 

saw), tiers, timber SIzer's helpers, timber trim:oler'a 

helpers, trimmer tailers, truck brak-emen, truck 

cutters, unstackers. vat lD8D, wood. handlers, and 

yanlmon. 

Lath feeden ____.______ :Feed. bolts to 88W1i1 wbJcb redUCB them to proper 

thickness for lath. Tbe tenD "lath" Is not InlntqU6ntIy 

applied to any narrow by-oroduct. and. II 

Dot always confined to buUding 

Separate lath Into 

Iat.6.. 

quallty -or gradea. _______________ _ 

PUe or stack bnndlas of Iatha in the yard. or sheda of 

tbe plant. 

Lath pulIero_ ••_______ 

ReceIve and. pile the pradu. 611 It comes from lath 

Lath 

machine. 

B8W}"6r8 ____ ~ .._..__ 

i88 Lath feeders) ___ .~._. ••________ •______• ____ M ••_ 

Lath sorters. __• ______._ 

Lath stacken ___ ...._._ 

Lath taUersM ..._......____ Lath tiers ___________.._ 

Lever' men, log deck .. __ 

Lever men, sort1q ~= ~~~-::::::-..::=:::::::::::::==::: 

table. 

J"oadert_ ...._.______._ 

~ t:t~ ~.ri).)-::::::::::::::::::::::::::=:::::: 

See Lath pullers) _____ • _____________________________ _ 

fe lath In bund.lea. _________________________________ _ 

Other employeea. 

Ynrdmen,loga. 

Other employees. 

Do. 

Oradora. 

Other omplOYe81. 

Do." 

I.aboreni. 

Stacken, hand. 

Othnr employ881. 

Truck .... 

Sawyers (amaD saWI). 

Otber employe-. 

Laborers. 

O~er employees. 

Do. 

Laborers. 

Otber em.plQJeeL 

La""''''" 

Sawyers (small .,,1), 


Laborers. 

Do. 

Sawyers (small a.l). 


Laborers. 

Do. 

Do. 

Otber employee&. 

TraD&fer men.

-- 

I..ommoIIft_~ (Set em.. apsaIan. JooonwAI ••)________ ...-.... 

...... 

-- 

Las .......... yard ......... 

.&PPENDIX A.--1IAWIOLL TBRIIB WITH DBFINlTIONB 73 

........ 

Do. 

Do. 

........ 

Jre!p boudI!I (III' 01. product 1lnlIbt. OIl I'00I •.••____ Lebonn.. 

Peed the 10mba' into IlII'facsa. IOIlI'tJln ad IfOO1"t!lI& MaehiDe Jeeden. .. 

moIdss. *Ie ~ III' ~ pIaDiD& mat- fit&. 

)Iw:htae IIedIn" ~ (-see feedG" 1:Ielpen)________________________ ~ 

no. I 

MwhtDe mm. _____ Set up. N)ud an4l'DDd1t1cm pIanI:oa mm madtiDtL. 

MIM:hiDe .......___, SeI up and adjust ~ whicb are to be opem&ed 

by olbel' woRmeD.. 

Jd~_~ ___ Skilled aDd em"" ~ wbo make .,.. 

oroerated puts. rPpU'.IIdJUSl. by other _ort:mm.. or !let ~ • or coab to be 

MaeblDiIb' bets-s. ___ wort under supervBioD 01 """""In..... ____________.__ 

Maleben. tide _____• ___ Feed lumb« lino IDaCbbIe _bIdI pw.. &be edaea 

1 &lid oCber SlI'I"fBces. 

Meebe.nks, antomobDe. I BepU-autouucbll!lled IIZUIIDd u. ... mDl... ___ 

Jd'tdJanw:s. PhIL---1 (See ~tec.baak:a. automobile) __________________.:_ 

IolWWl1&btL-________ h E.J;pffleoced po1I'eHJ'8MIDt- lon mea woo repair, 

JIlOTe. aet~. and .Up ~ •....,.. __• 

under DDfavorab~ oondtlllms.. 

Olber empI.osrea 

Do. 

Do. 

'M'mW'lirbtl' belpen. __ "'ork UDder IIIlpen'1ston of mfilW'l'fPb. __ •___________ Otberemplo~ 

.._ ......___ 8er; up aud IOIDeIIme opera&e moldiDa IIIM:bIDeI Do. 

MmaonD belpen.._~_ 

in the pJani.Dc: milL 

AIl8eh boob or alinp to aDd ~ tbaD f'Iom Jam. Labona. 

M~ boolll:ers ______ 

bel' bantfied. by ,be IDIlQOraO Q'IleDl. 

(Bw Monorail belpenl)_____________________________ Do. 

JdODllDil ~. ____ ! Tran.port loaded bUDb or 1lUJ1ber rram cme de:DuImen' 

of tbe mill 10 IIDOtber. *' from PtIISU ehalu to 

kiID ........ nnI .......... m1U _. '"'•• 1De 

dock, et.e.. lUla deposit them ID pile wkbou1 r:aru. 

Tracked. 

MoaonD 1HDpra. ___ (See .ort Monorail 

01 DDloadlDc 

balpen) or •• IJiliDI.. ___••_.______________ LabcJraL 

J.fOIOl'mIll1 __________ Auead Ih.5l&rtUJlaDdaSopplqofeleclriolDOklnu Ou...em~ 

u"'''' ..._. 

Kale drt .... IaDlbs'_. TraDal« hunt. to}Vd. daed!. kUD. ~ mID... Trudl::tn. 

00- ptace about the .. wmW aDd plmc.. - 

Wm.drtra"l.II'Ub ____ Haul aweeplEqEl. refuse such .. _wduat. .. 0Cba' O&ber ............. ,"'_. 

Mole fMda:w. _____ (See ~ BarD materials IDID) _______________ from mUlco &rub pOe.. ..____ 

Do. 

Do. 

Uuie teDd«S.. __________ ._.00.__________________________________ 

oa.-nn. ...... -. (See 0Uta taIlers)_. ________________ :_.___ otr·beutn eaa. .... 

orr·buren, pl.alal(, Baadle U. JIIOIlut'lIram planed:. ..... __, ~ Labann. 

IIllDJ-. ar lam mill. dJrus loadJUI II on buuiM. uucb, dom., mIITQ' 

on. e&c •• or pladue It ta IltilIor-by piles. • 

011~ ....._____ Wort t.bhad thto Pili". 01' the ~w biIDdUDI tbf Oll-beuea fPDI .. reprodort 

as L1 eomeIlrom u..... 

Otf~...u •••_ Stsnd., lber-.-01& ripsa. arotbn-slmiW'maehtDe Labanin. 

IUId rweiq lobe produaL aDd. P'-"m pm. ... 

truc:ts. l'le'. 

0 ......_ ..__•____ i:eoep the oil and "... ftlJII OD aD mae:b1De ened. 0 ..... IIDplor-. 

oU bearlDp _hleb areaot SUPP~ wtUJ automaUa 

lubrk-ekln. and uam1a6 all bMrIDp at ftIIllllaI- 1a-- 

..... iii! ~ lbal tbQ' clo DOC. becoI:M_1ad.. 

.. ). 

..)

74 

8AWlIlILLS 

Other employees ______ _ 

PUers, sbeda ____ ~ ______ 

Pilers. yard or klln 

Pipe 

stacking. 

tltt8r'9-_________ _ 

Pipe-fitters' helpers ___ _ 

Planers ____________ _ 

=: Pnllers, ___ ~·m--hiili-mW. 

----------------- 

Racten,p ___ 

• Deflnltion 

Tb!!: ItfOtIP inctude! wage earners tu all oocupatlOD!!l 

other than those in the Important occupations In 

the tndwtry includl.ng "Ia.borers." beeaase tb6l'e 

was not R so1Hclent number in any ODe oceopatiOD 

in tbe RlOUP to warrant MgJ'tIR'9tion. The occupa-. 

tfODl are 88 follows: Automobile mech.anial. barD. 

men, baltman. blaekolmitba, blackllmltbs' helpers. 

boilermakers! boilermakers helpers, bolten, bolt 

BBWr,ers, hal oChsln operators, carpenters, c&rp8Dt.en 

helpers, cat' re.pairerg. cltecll::en, clapboud saw 

)l'fU'!'I, eranemen (log yard), cranemen (lumber yard. 

and dock), deckm.en, deck sawyers, derrick men 

Oag yard), dlmeosion cutten, drag .sawyers, dry 

kiln men, electricians. elecf.rlcinns' belpeJ'll. end 

matclJers. utra men, fUen' be1pers, fire-protection 

mea, roremen (working), gang oilers, gJ'aden (lath) I 

(molding). hoggrinders (knives), hllK lUindcn, hoist 

O..Jl8l1l:ton. horse feeders, horse tends", inspectors 

(lumber), lmpecton (logs), jltn~ brnkeman, kiln 

men, kilo test.e.r9, knUe grinders, knee bolters. lath 

grad6l1l, lath sorters, lever men on the log det"k, machinamen. 

maehlnesettenl,machio!ats, macbiolBUI' 

helpers. mechanlrs (automobile), mt!Chanics (garage), 

millwrights' helpen, motor men, molder 

men, mnle drivers (trash), mule leAders, male tendera, 

oilen, pipe fitters, pipe-fitters' helpers, pole 

aawyers,repairera (automobtle),repairers (genera!). 

repairers' helpers, rock: sawyers, sawyers (wood). 

saw Olers' helpers, sawyers (drag), sawyers gupetvtsory 

Cormn-en (resaw), scalers, set-up men, set-up 

men's helpers, shingle sawyers, sorters (lath), spare 

men, stablemen, !JtaCkers (machiDe), stampers, 

stencilers, stick bon, strip boys, teamsters (trsah), 

team teDders, temperature men, timber trimmers 

(band.), tru~ repflirers, utility meo, wnter boy., 

welders, welders' h6l.pen, wheelwrights. wheelwrights' 

helpers, and wood SBwyers. 

Pick from conveyor chains or plles 01 dtscsnled lamber, 

edltiDga. ,trips, and moo other pieces 88 may 

(See be used Lumber for by-product. pUers. ahed:8). _____________ ••________ 

(See Stacken. hand). ___••_ ........__••_.___________ 

Repair and make any necessary chanJffS in steam 

supply pipes about the sawmill and yard. 

Cnt pipe and tbreeds. keep tbA pipe titter supplied 

with materials, and work under hifJ pnera1 8Upar· 

vision. 

Feed lumber iDto planer macbiDea ___ .. __ .~._.~._ ... 

.. "'. 

Otbar IUDployeaL 

Do. 

9&acken, band. 

Other emploY66IL 

(See Sorters) ._.______•••___• ___•• __••_______________, Sorters. 

Stadt lumber on mul, eroadDc each piece: over another j Stackers, bllDd. 

•• an 8Dld&. 

Place Onished lumber :In nab oonV8lllent for tying, Labonra. 

and may also tie bundles. 

Be-edaen. 

I 

smaII_Wl __ (See SaW)'8l'l, 1IDlIll8llws) _____________._____ 8awyen (amaD.WJ). 

Do. 

MaehlDe 

In •. 

Lahoren. 

Planer taUm _________: 

Rece:Jve and pile the product 00 truoks, etc., u It 

PlUPer'S. _______ ~ ______ 

comBS from machloBS. 

Place boards In positioo OD table (or cut-ofl sawyer __ Do. 

Pole sawyen.. _________ _ TrIm the ends 01 poles or posts with power or band- Other employ-. 

Pond man. __________• 

(Include boat meo, boom men, holsters. log rldant. Pond ID8IL 

sinker meD. slip meo). ReleasethelQJS in tbepond. 

eort and move them to the foot 01 the slip or chute. 

and start them 00 the chsln wb1eb. carries t.hem to 

the Jog deck of tbe sawmlU. They lltand on a board. 

walk barely above the IRIrlace of the pond. on • 

small flatboat or re.ft. or eVeD on the Iioatinl( lop 

themselves, which requires considerable agility. 

For band moring and sorting a pike pole is UII6d. 

The plie pole COWliJJt& of a IODg IIKht; pale wltb .. 

hook and a spike Inserted In ODe end. For t.he ptll'- 

pose of rslsiol sun.ken lop a rowboat or smalJ raft 

may be used. Sometim88 8 donkey engine is ,ta-- 

tioned at the. foot of tbe sJjp and Is used Cor ruilur 

"qinters," ~wing them to the foot 01 the slip and 

ralslngJarge [01380 tbeymay bestarted up tbesllp. 

and for releasing lop tba1 have become jammed ID 

(See .be KHn pond.· pnlJen) ________________________ La ....... . 

(See PIaDer tail.arB) ...._______ ~ ___• __• ____•___._.._.1 

Do.

______________ 

APPENDIX A.-MWMILL TERMS WITH DEFINITIONS 75 

............. 

Bepatrm" automobDB __ 

R.paUen, •• "' ......... . 

.Repairars belpel'S-___ _ 

Bela_ lleeden,. alter 

beadaw. 

BeD. taDanI ______ 

.. ". 

(See Meehanloa. IIIIkmlObl1e) ___________.._________ 

(See Machinhrtsj .. ___________________ ...... ______ 0 ______ _ 

Assist mecha.D.ic:a. .........'nlsh and repairers In mating 

F~b!i or plank lnkJ resaws nnder direction or""/ 

saw foreman., when !II!I\"Wal zesawa 1118 beiD& 01*" 

(See ated 04-beann, under biS supeniskul. 

~w) ..________ 

Ouler emploJ'88L 

Do • 

Do. 

Sawyen (resaw). 

Ofr-beantn (pili or no 

BeIB..,... IIlW bead (Bee SaWJWS. nsaw) ______________________ 

.w). 

Sawyus,,_ .... 

Re,."yen. plSDiDl (See Ba~ :anaIlawa) ________________________ Sawyers c.man .ws). 

=~ &:r~::::: -~~ the maWYe;-oire;a;,:ieede1:iiip~tili,produ~- La~ 

Rlpaw 1aiJenL...... _____ (Sea .. to be OIl-beaNn. resa.wed. on pinning the ressw millJ lab.le. _____________________ 

Rip _wyen ______ (See SaW)'8l'S. sm.aU saws) ________________________ _ 

Bock _wyers_____ Operate circular saws apiIlSt tbe opper side 01 the lor 

and Just in Iront of and in line with tbe bead saw. 

'l'be purpose of this saw Is kl ramOV8 tough bark 

stones, ew .• from the log in line with tbe cut and: 

pteV8Dt daJDa&'.' to the bead saw. In some mills the 

rock saw Is opota\ed by tbebesd sawyer. IUs DOt 

Do. 

Sawyers (small-WI). 

OLller emplo,-ees.. 

wed in aU mills. 

RoJlar..bed o~. (Bee'l'nu1.8lenncD)•••-••___•••_._____•___• __••• TransferIDeD.. 

RoJJec men ___••••••__• _____ do ___._.__._••••••_._•••___••____•• 

Do. 

RosscarrierdriV8rS-- (See Carr1erdrlnn) __•••.••_._._.____••__._••••_. Truckers. 

Saw-fl.le.rs·be}pers.. ••••• Work undersupervlsloDOrs.o.W Iller ._.___• _____ ._.~ __ • Other employ-. 

Saw taUen.bead.saw. __ Work near lhe bead saws. AS tbe slabs drop onto the Saw tailerson bead_wa. 

11"0 rolls, the)' tum them Witb the bark side up so 

lb.t tbey will move smoothly on tbe rolls; also start 

all product st.raight OD the rolls. A,short. book • 

used to turn and IUJde lhe product:. 

eaw taDan. small _WI. Reoeive and pUe the procialS on RuCD,. etc. •• II Laborers. 

comes from saws. 

aa...,... dn&-___ Operate. power-driVUI c:rosscut .... b:l wtliDI!ong 

Other emplCl,... 

or crooked lop tnto two lengths. 

St.WJUS, &aD&______ ReguJaIe the speed 01 the mac:bJne, and adJu:st Ule Saw,vs. I8IJK. 

pt'6.'lSWe rolls and tbe feed rolls .. bleb force tbe cants 

toward the cutting edps of the aWL This Is done 

by means of levers. 

eaW'J'ld.beId. band_ By m88.WI 01 levers, release tbe cbect wbll!b. boJds the 

logs on the dock, thus pennining one log at a Ume as 

needed to roll onto the 1BIriage.. By other levers, 

tbey control the nigger and grab ann and the taJ'. 

ward and bfI.ckward movement of the carriage. 

The poaiUOD is one of If'88t responsibility as U1ey 

mwt t.hiDk and eo&; quickly &pd must judge logs 

clO8I)ly to obtain the wosllllllfber of quality from 

each loe. They signal to aett.en and doggers as to 

the movement of the log and carriage and also direcl 

Betters as \0 tbe tb1otDessof cu~ to be. taken from t.be 

Jog each lime. 

St..".... bMd. cIrtuJar _ (See Sawyers, bead. band.) Tba only d14enm.oa be- 

tween the two sawyers Is tba&: QDlI opamlel • band 

and the other. circular saw. 

Bawyen,n.w ___• Oporaa horizontal band, nrtlcal band,. or cIn!uIar 

resnws. Tbe work COD.!list.s 01 feeding: slabs from 

which board!! are to be cut or plank to be reduced in 

~hlckness, through rollers des1gned \0 hold them lD 

Sa'tf7US, head. baDd. 

Sawyen, bead, aIrauIer. 

BaWJell. ~W. 

position until sa'llt'Od. Helpers osually assisl in 

placing the slab or plank on the ftl5aW table. 

Sa.,..., resaw sg.,... When several resaws are used .~ one mill, ODe rasaw- OU1er emplo,..,.. 

'fiaory Ionmeo. yar ma,. be respoIUible Ior.all of them 8lld. d ... some 

feedlDg. He is, tbereiore, a working foreman. 

s....,en..maIIS8W11 ____ FMd pieo. of iWDber to unaU resaws, rip saws. C!U.t- aW)'8n (small_WI). 

on saws. ou&-up saws,. knot saws. trlmIDer -wa. 

,wool{ 88W., Jump saws,. tie or timber trimmers, 

IplltWll saM, IIIlIlll edpr.9, Ialb saWllt slasbe:r saws. 

88WJ'V1, apltttinJ_ •• _ __ 

.... 

(See Sa.,.,..lIIDallaaws) _~_._---&...._ .. __ ~_ •.•.. 

t====::::~ -s8w~iuDibW-iniOem;.rpk«is"iO-b.i;'i(ias-fU--~ 

8c:alan.. ___ • ______ ~_ 

8eod-1D ma._ •• ___ ~_ 

8et-lD. .... pIaDIDI 

mIlL 

Work on tho lOi deck. Tbey WI'S8Ul"6 each loe to 

urlve at aD tI!Itlmllte of the lor .mit in lWmber 01 

board feet in It lwloN I, Is .wed lDw lumber and 

keep. ret'OI"'d. of 'he l'Sllmates as well ..\be IltlDlba' 

011018 lawed each d$y. 

Do. 

Do. 

O&h ... emp~ 

Do. 

!.old dolUesot bUII:1es in u.edQ' lbedorclQ" nrd'" Lebonn. 

transr~r to 'be planing mW. .... 

Boll lauded doll_ or mill bw;:glm from Che pWkm Do. 

&0 m&CoIlDeI and take IIIIDPUas _....,.

76 

BAWlIULLS 

,SewmWterm 

De1IDIl1on 

Set-up men. _____ ~ ____ _ 

Set-up men's helpers __ _ 

Shed men _____________ _ 

Shingle sawyers _______ _ 

Sloker men ___________ _ 

Skidway meD •• ______ _ 

Slab pickers ___________ _ 

SJasher mon. _________ _ 

SIBSber men's helpers __ 

SUp m .... _____ •••••••• 

Soda-dip men. ________ _ 

Sod.&-vat meD •• _______ _ 

Sorters. _______________ _ 

sorters. lath ___________ _ 

Spare mcD ____________ _ 

Splitting SB'\U'etI ______ _ 

Stablemen. ___________ _ 

Stack. ClOVererL _______ _ 

StamporB..-___________ _ 

SteDclIers ___________ _ 

Bt1ct bo7l ___________ _ 

Operate levers w blah move the log sidewise toward the 

saw to tbe width 01 each cut Indicated by sawyers. 

A rntche\ device having III dial and indicator I..osuraI 

accuracy and un1formJty of thIckness 01 the cut.. 

When tbere Is only 1 dogger on the carriage tbe 

work of the setter is mote dlmeo.lt than when there 

are 2 doggers, and wben tbere are no daggers the 

wort of the setter la still more dUHcolt; and requirel 

very clOM attention. 

(See Machme .setters). ~:._.~. ____ •• ___ ~ ____ :. ______ •• _ 

'Work undor direction of machme!l8ttcrs _____ • ______ • 

Store lumber in sheds where boards are placed one on 

top another without oroaa strIps between them 

lor ventilation. 

Operate saw wblch cuts blocks Into shingIM ____ • ____ _ 

Use a flat boat or rillt In Jog pond in raIsIng sunken 

logs.. A donkey engine is sometimes ased In raislng 

the logs and also in towing them to the root or the 

(S~~ ardmen. log) .. _. __________________________ _ 

~t~:J~te::?aSber-tiaw~tiicb-cuiSS1ai;s.-~gi~BDdother 

refuse materials from the mID 10.10 f.(ooI; 

lengths either far by-products or fuel. 

Assist tbeslasher men in keepl.ng thematerlal m.ovlns 

(See evenly Pond over men) the _________________________________ chaID& 

_ 

(See Soda-vat men) __________________________________ 

Put lumber Into a vat or tank of soda solution to Pt. 

vent dlsoolorlog. 

Takelumberfrom the IIOl'terchafna (green or dry) and 

place It in separate piles OD trucks (bugjdes or dol 

Jics) or some other transportation agency for transfer 

to the yard, dry klln plan1n( mill or anippinl 

platform. Each piece of l umber Is sorted In acc::ordanee 

with tbe marks placed on It by tbe grader_ 

Each aorte:r Is usually responsible for one or two 

grndes only. other IIOI1ers being 8851gned ~ 

(See grades. Lath graders) _________.._______________________ . 

_ 

(8 ee Extra. men) ___________________________________ 

(See Sawyers. sinallaaws) ___________________________ _ 

~oe:e~~ ::nJi iUiiiber-SiackS -Wiii; aid -o;io;'::gn;d;- 

lumber for protectton from t.he e1Iects of SUD and 

rain. 

The boards are placed on foundations In layers wtt.b 

CT01l8 strips for ventUation between eacb layer_ 

Tbis process- is CiOntlnued untO the stack reach. 

the dCslred height. Tbe foundations for outdoor or 

yard stacks are usually permanent Bnd are constructed 

with aD incline, 80 that the top 01 th& 

stack wOl shed wnter. These layers 01 lumber are 

80 stacked 88 to give these pl1es tbe proper pItch 68 

wen 88 overhang to Insure stablllty. Tbey also 

stack: lumber for the dry kiln On CBI'S or bunks with 

strips between each layer lor circulation of heat. 

Lumber for dry kUD9 may be stacked at the sortor 

or transferred to or neat the kiln before 1Itack.Jni". 

These men usually work fn pairs. 

Stack bundles.(lf laths In lumbecyards or 5hed~Lw ____ _ 

Stacks are bullt up by machines in a. similar manner 

to those built by hand with cross strips for ventila- 

tion between successive layers of boards. The mecbtmIcaI 

stacker carries the boards over a. trnnsfer 

chain and drops them into a. perpendleul8r sroove 

the width of tbe thickness of the board. Wbeu the 

groove is filled the macbine 19 stopped. striPS: are 

laid, and the layer of boards Is pushed over by 

moans of a lever to mate room lor another layer of 

boards. This process 19 repeated unW the IlIaCt Is 

completed. 

Cover stacks with low-grade lumber lor protection 

from SUD and ralu and aJso assist tulIItacken in 

nandllng boards from stacks to buggy loadetll. 

Use stamp and pad in printing n&meB and addreIIM 

on tbe boards or other prodnct. 

U so r,a1nt, brush, and stencil in prlntlug addralel 011 

sh pments of sawmlll prodUds. 

(Bee Stick .....,. __ ••• _. ______ • __ 

Other employ ... 

Do. 

Labor .... 

Otber employe-. 

Pond men. 

YU'dmea.loJ,. 

Laborors. 

BaW)"81'8 (small .. wI). 

Pou(J mm. 

Labor .... 

Do. 

Other emplOYNL 

Do, 

Sawyerll (small .WI). 

Other employ .. 

Labor .... 

Btack .... hand. 

Laborers. 

Other empio7-' 

Other employ __ 

Do. 

Do.

APPENDIX A.-SAWMILL TERMS WITH DEFINITIONS 77 

Sawmlliterm 

De1lDItIoo 

Olasslfied. by bureau u- 

Btlck bustlera •• __ .... __ 

SUck men _______ •• ___ _ 

Gather and dl"UVef sticks ror stacken _____ • __________ _ 

Oathlll' strips that have been thrown out bY.Wl3tae:i:- 

61'8 and d.lstrlbute them whore new Slacks ara beJ.nc 

mad •. (8ee Plok8l'l) __ ... _______ .. _ .. __ • ______________________ .. 

La""' .... 

D •. 

Do. 

StraJgbtanen.lamber __ 

Strip bop _____________ _ 

Strlp catcbora _________ _ 

Burtaoera. _____________ _ 

SWampers. _________ •• __ 

TnDen, head saw. ____ _ 

Tailen, rip saw_. _____ _ 

Ta1l7 men ____________ _ 

T8ldDltera, lumb~ ____ _ 

Teamaten.1;rnab __ :. ___ _ 

Tmm tendora._. ____ ~ __ 

Temperatwe mell _____ _ 

'1'1811 •• _. ________ • ___ • __ 

Tie trlmmVII_ •• _______ _ 

Timber ah:era. ________ _ 

"l'Imber menl' belperL. 

'I'lmber trimmers, 

band. 

'TImber trimm61'S' 

helpers. 

Tlmhor U1mmorll, ma- 

-~ 

if:dL~::ser~=b~:~ 'Piaoe-iiieiDbet-a;OOiiMOiilayer 

of lumbor as it is stacked. 

(Sec FAigor tailors) .. _____________ • _________ • _________ • 

Feecllwnbar LuLu maob1ne wbJob planes the surfBOO.. 

Work at or neaf lor deck where they cut off with an 

u: any limbs that have heen left on lop. They 

Sweepers ._____________ _ may also cut lOQl or crooked lop Into two pieees. 

Swoop and remove sawdust, hnrk, and other reCuse 

Swtnl men.. ___________ _ from about macbJuos and the sawm.11l floor. . 

Place lop in position near &he slip to be drawn later 

Bwlng aawyers ________ _ to thaloa: Sawyel"ll, deck. amaU 18W9) ___________________________ _ 

~see 

Tailera, cut-off saw ..__ _ See Oft-beu.rpn, plantn&' mm) _______________________ _ 

TaD8I'8. p.D1 orresaw __ 

See Oft-bearers, i8IlI or resaw) ___________•_________ _ 

(8ee Saw tallen, head saw) _________________________ _ 

(See Oll-bearen, plan1ni mO) _______________________ _ 

Make" record or tbe Krade and seale 8!11ndicated by 

Il'adon, or of the quantity of lumber going to 8spseil1ed 

departmOIlt, as from kiln to dry shed, from dry 

shed to pWning mill Dr shipping dock, ew. 

Transfer lumber to yard, sheds, plan1nJ mlll. or other 

JlIRCe about t.he sawmill plant. 

Haul IIweepLnp. rcfwle, sawdust, or other Idmilar 

matcrlab to We trash pUe. 

(See Boro men) ___________________ .. ____ .... _______ .. ____ _ 

~: :?~~ ru:tei:lDge1hi.r--bltO-bWidiQi,--Wini~ 

strong cord, wire, or flat metal bands. 

Opemte " small oircular saw to trim the enda of Umben 

which are to be used. for railroad ties. . 

Foed. timbers through heavy duty planIng machinOll. 

The mnchlnes may be on tbe timbor dock, rumP. 

wharf. loading dock or In tbe ylU'd. 

Place Umbers in position (or fooding through machine. 

Squaro the eIlds of Umbel'!! or out tbem to speci1led 

lengths. using II hand cros:scut saw in mills in wblcb 

the thnbon :farm a small part of total product. 

Plaoe Umbers In position for timber trlmmm.. _____ _ 

Operate clrcular saws In squaring eIlds of timbers or 

in cutt.lnl thetp Into shorter IClIgths. Tbe saws 

may be in mwXn11I, or on timbor dock or ramp. 

Tlppen. __ • ____________ Use one and of 1\ board as a lever and a wagon wbeel 

or a pynuntd~haped device as 8 rulcrom, to Up the 

other end of the board up to top of the siack wbore 

It II put to plaoe b, t.be ltaoker. They alternate 

with stackers. 

Toni bookers_ _________ (Soc Tong mcn> __ • __________________________________ _ 

Tona me.n. ____ ._ .. _____ Adjust tong books to logs wh!cb ore to be pullod or 

milked about We yard or skidway, and also unbook 

tbe tongs. 

Toniuen and IfOOVafS_ Feed. lumber lnto a machine wbtch cuts a tongue and 

IIPOOve on the OOIOS and :Plan_ t.ho aurfQCtl of certain 

kinds of lumber. 

"l'noUIr driven _______ Baullcmded dOllle!l, trucuteto., oflnmber from one 

departnumt of tbe mill w another, such as from 

1P'00lI ohain to kiln or ,ard, or from yard w tbe 

pl811lng mill. shod, shipplng dock, ste. . 

TnuWIl' maD _______ ._ Manipulate levers or eloctric buttons to rabe or lower 

:gr.::: ~~::::::::: 

76820°-3i--8 

crom ohainJ or stop blocks to shunt lumber from 

one let or rolls to anotber .... or s~g..It'::ber at certain 

plac85 along tbe roUs. l.. -ross are a1~ used 

bctwoon head saw and edger, edger and trimmer. 

I'OO.'l.W and I!\.DB sa":I.Dr betweon pug saw and tJ'lm. 

mill, (!tc._ Some DlUJS haYe none, and In lOme mlll.s 

tho tralWer 11 made by taU ... b8lperS, or 'be ed&er 

m ... 

~i:eco ~~~~ tiiii:Uiltiiabio-or-bicrijiiiciSl:- 

"on (or ~Lna. . 

.' 

D •. 


Edger tallers. 

MochIne reeders. planing. 

Laborers. 

D •. 

Pond men. 

Sawyers (small "saws). 

Laborers. 

Oa-bearers (rani or resaw). 

Saw tallera. head saw:-' 

Lahorers. 

Tally men. 

Truck",. 

Other emp}oyeea. 

Do. 

D •. 

Laborers. 

.. .. 

Laborers. 

OUler emp}o]l'eel. 

Sawyers (small saws). 

Machine feeders, Plan- 

La.boren. 

Sawyers (unaD .sam). 

Stackers, hand. 

Yardmen, 101. 

Toog men. 

.... 

-...... 

Machine feeders, plan 

'l'ransfer maD. 

Trimmer loa4erl. 

Do.

78 

SAWMILLS 

Sawmill term 

DeftnJtloD 

Claasifled by bureau ...... 

(See Trimmer loaders) ____ 0 ___________________ • _____ • 

TrImmer loade13, lineup 

men. 

_____ do ______________________________________________ _ 

Trimmer loaders. spotters. 

Trimmer operators. ___ _ MSOIpulate levers whJch raise the proper 18WB 

through the trimmer bed ror cutting each board sa 

it Is carrted over the trimmer table. Many boards 

need only to be squared at the ends, but some may 

have knots or other lmperfections which U not 

removed would adversely afleet the fade of the 

board, By trimming out a portion () the board, 

Trimmer taUeD. ______ _ 

Trimmers, smnll saws._ 

Truck brakemen. _____ _ 

Truck cotters. ________ _ 

Truck: driven. ___ • ____ _ 

Truckers. _____________ _ 

Truckers, hand. ______ _ 

Truck replllrers _______ _ 

Turners-doW'D. gang 

saw. 

Turners-doWD head Turn slabs with the bark side up as they drop from 

saw •. 

the head saw; also start all product straight on the 

Tmners-down, resaw __ (See 

rolls. 

Resaw tailer) ____________• ___._.___• ___._._.__._ 

Unstaakera. ___________ _ 

UtDtty men. __________ _ 

Vat men. _____________ _ 

Water hoys ___________ _ 

Welders._' ______ 0 ______ _ 

two shorter board'! of better II'8de are produced. 

Work behind the trimmer to dlspoae 01 the waste 

(See ends Sawyers, and pieces. small saws) ___________________________ . 

Couple and uncouple cars or trucks used In the transler 

01 lumber about the sawmW plant. 

(See Bug" cutters) ____________ • _ •• ______ ._. __ . _____ _ 

TraDsfer lumber to yard, sheds, kUn, planIng mID. 

or other place about the saWDtlll plant. 

(Carrier drivers, crane operators .. Jitney drivers, 

monorail operators, mule drivers, Kosa or other 

carrier drivers, teamsters. tractor driven, traveling.. 

crane operators, truck drivers.) Transfer lumher 

from one place to another about the sawm.lll plnnt. 

This work may be done by hand, animal, or me- 

cban1ca1 power. Tbe devicea tlSeQ Include trucks. 

wagons, "buggies," dollies, caniers, Jitneys, traotors, 

traveling cranes, and cablewaY8, monorails. 

or tramway systems. 

Transfer lumber to yard, sheds, kDn. planl:ug mID, 

or other place about the sawmill plant. 

~:aga:C:w ~e:>'_~~::~~~?_:~~~_~~~: 

Take the lumber from the stacks and hand It to tbe 

buggy loader. (Alternate work with the buggy 

lander.) Also takes lumber from the kiln bunks 

or cars and loads It on buggies. This work Is done 

for the purpose of kiln drytng for rSBJ'adiog after 

~g. for oombiDJng lwo or more pUes, or lor 

= 

~ur 

(8: ~~tinen) ____________________ • ___ • ____ • _____ _ 

~t,O:e~6e 'piani-WiiiidrlDiiiog-w-atW8ildcarry 

buckets 01 the same to workmeD. 

loin pieces of steel by heating In a forge and 0Blnr; 

borax to make them fuse. or ase a band torah, or an 

Welders' helpers. ______ 

Work electric under arc tbe in Joining direction or of welding welder metal. _________________ • 

Wbeelwrlgbts. ______ MO. Repair wagon or other kinds of wheels. _____________ _ 

Wheelwrights' helpers. Work under direction of wheelwrlghts __________ • ___ •• 

Wood handlers. ________ 

Pile waste slabs or boards which are to be used B8 fuel 

Wood sawyen. ________ 

or other by_products. 

Operate saws used in cutting refuse lumber Into IDlBJl 

Yardmen _____________ _ pieces lor fnel. 

PUe waste wood! cut weeds. clean uP. and do othergeneral 

work aoout sawmJJl yard. 

Yardmen.loB __________ 

(Include hookers. log bandJers. log w8.'lbel"ll, skldwa)' 

men tong hookers, tongmen.) When a yard tost;;d 

of a pond Is used, Jogs areroUod onto a movl:ug 

car or rolls, snaked. by means of a cable and drum or 

roUed on a skidway directly to the 86W carriage. or 

snaked up a chute to the 101 deck. The Dl8Il use 

cant hooks or peavtes. 

TrImmer loaden. 

Do. 

TrImmer operatort. 

I..aborerl!l. 

Sawyers (amaD saws). 

Laborers. 

Do. 

Tnumen. 

Do. 

Do. 

Other employ •. 

Off-bearen '1laD1 and 

resew). 

Saw tallon, head 8&WII. 

Off·bearers 

ressw). 

Laborers. 

Othor mDployees. 

Laborers. 

Other emploY88ll. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Loborem. 

Othar emplo¥eeL 

Loboren. 

YardmaD. 

(lang and

APPENDIX B.-GLOSSARY OF OCCUPATIONAL TERMS USED IN 

LOGGING OPERATIONS 

Air-law ma';.--one who operates. saw driven by compressed air to cut loga' 

into sborter lengths. 

Azman.-one who cute toga with an~. Specifically, one who works at the 

construction of a chute or slide used in moving logs. 

Baker .-One who does the baking at the C&IIlp cookhouse. In small campa 

the work is done by the cook. 

Banker, vard.-One who piles the logs at the landing, log yard. or storage 

place. 

Bark ... (peeler• • pudder).-One who peels the bark from trees, the hark of 

which may be used for tanning purposes. 

Bark .fiUer (ringer) .-One who girdles or cuts a ring around the log to mark the 

lenKf;h for the tanbark to be removed. 

Bark acoler.-one who measures the tanbark removed from the logs. 

Bam boss (COfTal man, leeder, holtler, lot maft).--

80 LOGGING CAMP8 

, Cam..., ram and tie •.-A laborer placing railroad ties at pointe where they are 

to be used. . . 

Chainer. (See Chainman.) . 

Ch4inman (chainer) .-One who adjusts chains to logs preparatory to skidding. 

Chainman, BUrveying.-One who,. by the use of 8 chain, measures distances 

laid out'by the surveyor. ' , 

Chain puller. (See Rider,) 

Chain tender. (See Sled tender.) 

Chain tender, 8t'coM.-one who 888ists the chain tender. 

Chaser. (See Sled tender.) 

, Choker.' (See Choker man.) 

Choker, head. (See Hook tender.) 

Choker hooker. (See Choker man.) 

Choker man (chok.", choker hooker) .-The member of .. yarding or skidding 

crew who fastens the choker on the logs. . 

Choke:r, 8econd.-One who assists the choker. 

, Chopper:. (chopper, second; cutter).-One who makes the undercut or notch to 

direct the felling of the tree or Cells the tr .. when this work Is done entirely with 

an ax. 

Chopper I hM.d.-Foreman of a chopping crew. 

Chopp.,., s'pond.(See Chopper.) ',' 

, Chore boy, (See Bull Mok,) 

Chore man. (See Bull cook.) 

Chunk buncher).-one who aids in clearing the skid road. 

Chunk sawyer.-l. (S.. Wood buck); 2. One who clears the skidding wily of 

obstructions. 

, Chute builder (chute peeler) .-One who builds a trough of logs or timber ueed to 

transport logs down a slope. 

Chute peeler.-one engaged in the work of chute building. Specifically, one 

who peels the log. used in the chute. (See Chute builder.) 

Chute tender.-One who keeps the chute in repair. . 

Ciflil engineer helper.-One who assists the civil engineer tn making profiles for 

the cODstruction of logging roads and in making plans and specifications for camp 

buildings. L" 

·Cleaner.-One doing miscellaneous cleaning in the camp. (See Bull cook.) 

Climber.-one who fastens Skidding cable to trees; sometimes called squirrel 

man. 

Commissary man (cookJ camp manager, steward, warehomeman).-One who haa 

cbarge of the food supply' -of the camp and in some instances manages the camp 

sup'ply store. ' ., 

Conductor.-One who has charge of the operation of the Jog train. 

Cook.-One who prepares the food for logging employees. 

Cook, firB!. (See Cook, head.) 

Cook, head (cook, firs!) .~One in charge of the cooking for logging employ .... 

Cook, .ocana. (See Cook ...) 

Cook, third. (See Cookee,) 

Cook .. (cookhouse employee, cookhous. man, hasher).-An assistant cook and 

dishwasher in a logging camp. 

Cookhouse employee (cookhou.se man). (~qookee.) 

Corral man. (See Barn boss.) 

Counter. (See Tallyman.) 

Coupler. (See Grab driver,) 

Craneman.-A lever man operating a crane in grading for railroad conBtruetloD 

or in elevating logs. 

Cruiser (timber man, timber rider).-Onewho estimates la.nd and timber values. 

Cutter. (See Chopper.) 

Cutter, piling (.awyer, pilinu).-One who fells the tree. and cut. them Into 

lengths for piling to be used in railroad or pond construction. 

Deck builder .-One who builds the log deck or skidway at the landing or storage 

place. ' '" " ',' , , 

Decker (deck man) .--'-One who rolls logs upon a skidway or log deck. 

Deck man. (See Decker.) , 

Dishwasher (washer}.-One who wash .. the di.h .. in a logging camp. 

Dogger.-One who attach .. the dog. or barbs to " log to secure the skidding 

cable. , ; . 'I) .• 

Donkey tender.-One who suppllesfl1e1 and water for the donlley engme. 

Driv6T (driver, team; driver, wagon; hauler; snaker; teamater).-One who driVeII 

animals in logging operations.

APPENDIX B.-oCCUPATIONAL TERMS IN LOGGING 81 

DriHr. Ii ... Mr... (Bee Rider.) 

DritHW, lDading.-on8 who driVeR & team in loading 101(8 for transportation. 

Drum man (drum IMidsr).-one who operates a power-driven drum for skidding 

log •. 

Drum p1dler.-One who return. a oable after a log has been skidded. 

Drum lend.,.. (See Drum man.) . 

Du"'7H".-The laborer who dumps the scraper used in railroad construction. 

DgnamitffJ' (powtkr man., blaatsr).-.()ne who UB8B dynamite to remove obstructions 

along the line of skidding or railroad construction. 

' 

Dynamo man.----Qne in oharge of the operation of a dynamo where electrio light 

II used at the logging camp. 

EngiflUf'.-An operator of anyone of the varioua types of locomotive or donkey 

engines used in logging. 

BngiMtf', cra1N.~De operating a crane used in loading logs or in railway construction 

work. . 

Bnqinur, head.-one in charge of engineers. 

Extra tnan..-One who is competent to take the place of employees who may be 

tempora.rily absent from their work. 

Faller (chopp.,.. feUer • • awyer).-One who fells tre ... 

Faller, '6coM.-The subordinate in a crew of fa.llers. 

Fudor. (Bee Barn b088.) . 

Feed miur.-one who prepares the feed for the animals used in logging. (See 

Bam boas.) 

FeUer. (Bee Faller.) . 

FiUr (fitUr).-One who filea the croBS


Hook lender (choker, head; yard bOBB; yarder b08B):-The foreman of a vardlng 

crew; specifically, one who directs the attaching of the cable to the log preparatory 

to skidding. . 

Horse lender. (See Barn man.) 

Hostler. 1. (See Barn"boss); 2. One who works in the roundhouse inspeotinp: 

and repairing logging locomotives. 

Hoat.w, assistant (ro'Unditome employe8, toiper).-A helper at the roundhouse. 

Improvement man (camp man; carpenter; repairer, camp) .-one doing general 

repair work about the camp buildings. 

I-nspector.-One who examines property and reports on the quantity or vaJue of 

the 88me. (See Inspector, land.) . 

l'fI!Jpector, land.-One who examinee &nd estimates the value of timberland" 

Inspector, tie8 and wood.-One who gradeR railroad tieR and meaeures wood. 

Jackscrew mon.-One who operates a jackscrew in lifting or moving heavy 

objects. . 

Jammer.-One who operates an improveQ) form of gin mounted on a movable 

framework used to load logs on sleds and cars by horsepower. 

J anitor.-(See Bull cook.) 

Knot bumper.-(See Limber.) . 

Knotter. (See Limber.) 

Laborer.-One doing miscellaneous unskilled work In connection with logging 

operations. . 

Landing man (rollway man).-One who arranges logs at the landing preparatory 

to loading for transportation. 

Lever man.-One who controls the operation of a donkey engine or other 

mechanical device by means of a lever. 

Lever man, firat.-One who is in charge of other lever men. 

Limber (knot bumper knotter.-one who cuts the limbs from felled trees. 

Lineman (liM 8eUer~.-One who puts the logs, blocks, and cables in place 

preparatory to skidding. 

Li ........ n, telephone (telephone .man).-One who constructs telephone lin •• and 

ke~s them in reJ2air. 

Li ... puller. (See Rider.) 

Li ... Better. (See Lineman.) 

Loader man (loader).-One who loads logs on sleds, wagons, or cars, 01"' in 

slides or chutes bv hand or machine power. 

Loader man, heCul.-Foreman of a loading crew. 

Loader, .eoond.-An assistant loader. , 

Loading crew (loading employees).-Employees at the skidway loading logs by 

steam or animal power. 

Loading employe... (See Loading crew.) 

Loading "",n. (See Loading crew.) . 

Lobby hog. (See Bull cook.) 

Lobby.man. (See Bull cook.) 

Log buncker._One who collects logo in one place for loading. , 

Log maker. (See Bucker.) 

Log rigger.-One who cuts the tops from trees to which gny line. aTe attached 

in overhead skidding. 

Log roUer.-One who places logo in position for skidding or loading. 

Logway man. (See Skidway man.) 

Lot man. (See Bam bos •.) 

Mechanic. (See Machinist.) 

Ma

APPENDIX B.-oCCUl'ATI0NAL TERMS IN LOGGING 83 

0% Jw1M. (See Barn man.) 

Oxman. (See Barn man.) 

0% I


Roundhoos. ""'1'101/", '(See Hostler, aasistant.) 

Romtabout.-A common laborer. 

Run back.-;-One who hooks the tongs to the log in the operation of loading the 

same on loggmg cars. 

Run culter. (See Swamper.) . 

Sand burner. (See Sand drier.) 

Sand drier (oand bun",r) .-One who dri .. II&nd for use In the sand box of 8 

locomotive. . 

Sand hauler.-One who hauls Band for use in the sand box of a logging locomotive. 

Sa1Ofler.-One who us .. a crosscut saw in felling trees or cutting logs. (See 

Faller.) 

Sawyer, head.-The foreman of a. sawing crew. 

Sawyer piling. (See Cutter, piling.) . . 

Scaler (log oooler).-One who determin .. the volume of logs. . 

Scavenger.-One who gathers a.nd removes dirt from the .treets and vaults 

about camp buildings. . 

Scraper man.-The man who holds the scarper used in grading while it is being 

loaded. 

Section hand (section man).-A laborer in railroad maintenance. 

Sedion man. (See Section hand.) 

Setter, piling.-One who is engaged in setting pilings for the pile driver. (Bee 

Piledriver.) . 

Shoer.-One whose work is that of shoeing horses for use in logging operations. 

(See Blacksmith.) 

Shovel man.-One who holds a hand scraper or who operates a power grader in 

the work of grading for railroad construction. (See Lever man.) 

. Signalman (flagman, ben boy, whistle boy, whistle punk).-One who trallsmits 

orders from-the foreman of a yarding crew to the engineer of the yarding donkey 

in skidding and yarding operations. - 

Skid adzer.-One who uses an adz to fit timbers in constructing log chutes or 

other skidding devices. 

Skidder. (See Skidder man.) . 

Skidder crew (okidding employees) .-The entire body of men who work in 

connection with the skidding machine. 

Skidder mem.-I. One who skids logs' 2. One who opera.tes a donkey engine, 

usually from a railroad track, which skids logs by means of a cable; 8. The foreman 

of a crew which CODstructs skid roads. 

Skidding employeea. (See Skidder crew.) 

Skid-road. man.-One who works at the construction and maintenance of skid 

roads. 

Skid sawyer.--One who saws skids over which logs are to be moved. 

SkUlway man (logway man).-Olle who works at the Jog skidway where loge 

are stored preparatory to moving to the sawmIll. 

• 

Skinner. (See Rider.) 

Slack man.-l. One who prevents the cable from becoming s1aek, and thus 

allowing skidding chains to fall from the logs; 2. (See Rider.) 

Sled tender (chain tender, chaser, trailer, zoogler).-l. One who assists in loading 

BBd unloading logs or skidding with a dray; 2. A member of the hauling crew who 

accompanies the tum of logs to the landing, unhooks the grabs, and sees that they 

are returned to the skidding area. 

Slip dril1er.-One who drives the a.njrns,1s attached to a scoop used in grading 

for railway construction. . 

Slip dum-per.-One who dumps the earth from the scoop used in grading for 

railway construction. 

Slip filler. (See Slip man.) 

Slip man (slip filler) .-One who operates the scoop used in grading for railway 

construction. 

Smitter.-One who keeps the logs moving straight on the skids when loadmg Is 

done by animal power. ' . 

Snaker.-One who draws logs to the skidding path or to the landing by means 

of animal power. (See Driver.) 

Sniper.-Ooe who noses or rounds off the ends of logs, 80 they will skid more 

easily. 

Snubber.-One who checks, usually by means of a snub line, the speed of logging 

sleds or logs on steep slopes. -. . .,- 

Spike peddler.-One who delivers spikes to the spike ... or plac .. them at points 

on the railroad where they are to be UBed.

APPENDIX B.-oOOUPATiONAL TERMS IN LOGGING 85 

8pik6f".-One who drives the apikes· which hold the rails to the crossties of a 

logging railroad. 

Splicer.-One who mends the skidding cables. 

Spool runner. (See Spool wright.) 

Spool (meler.-One who operates the spool of a donkey engine in loa.ding logs~ 

The work consists in placing several turns or wraps of the logging cable around the 

spool when it is desired to make a pull. 

Spool wright.-One who hews or adzes out a place on stumps or logs along a. 

skid road on which to place a spool for the purpose of guiding the maiD skidding 

line. . 

Spudd.,.. (Bee Barker.) 

Stableman. (See Ba.rn man.) 

Stake ctdter.-One who prepares the stakes to hold the loga on logging cars. 

Staker (8tak6r, right oJ way).-One who Beta stakes to indicate the limits of the 

right of way. . 

Staker right of way. (See Staker.) . 

StGfJe:j,Zock loader.-One who loads blocks from which staves are to be manufao-. 

tured at the sawmill 

' 

Stafle-block roUer.-One who rolls and stacks stave blocks preparatory to loading. 

Stav&-block .plitter.-One who splits stave blooks for greater convenience in 

handling at the sawmill. 

Steam-ahovel man.-The lever ma.n who opera.tes 8. steam ahovel. (See Lever 

man.) 

Steel man.-A laborer in the steel crew in railroad construction. 

Steward. (See Commissary ma.n.) 

Straw b088.-A subforem8J1 in a logging camp, sometimes called the head push. 

Stripper.-A laborer engaged in the construction of roads for steam skidding. 

Stull hewm".-One who hews stulls or timbers which are used in mines. 

Slumper.-One who removes stumps from the skid road or landing place. 

Supply~hotule man.-One who is in charge of the tools used in logging operations. 

Swamp6'l' (brush. ctdterj bush culter; path cutterj road cutter; Iwamper, second).- 

One who clears ground or underbrush, fallen trees, and other obstructions preparatory 

to constructing a logging road. 

S100mpdl', buck.-The foreman of a stumping crew. 

Swa.mper, head. (See Swamper, buck.) , 

Swamp"", .econd. (See Swa.mper.) 

Switcli.man.-The trainman who has charge of the switches in railroad operation. 

. 

Tail down.-One who rolls the logs aD the skids to a point where they can be 

reached by the loading crew. . 

Tallyman (covnter).-One who recorda or tallies the measurements of logs as 

they are called off by the scaler. 

7'eam8ter. (See Driver.) 

T .......'.,.. !oading.-The driv.r of a loading team at the yard or landing. (S•• 

Driv.r.) 

Team tender. (See Barn man.) 

TeUphora. man. (See Lineman, telephone.) 

Ti. di8tributor.-A laborer engaged in placing ties along the right of way of the 

railroad. 

_ 

Timb.,. fiUor.-{S .. Notch.r.) . 

Timber Aewer.-one who shapes timbers with &n ax for log chutes or lAndings. 

Timberman. (See Cruiser.) 

Timber ri

86 LQGGING CAMPS 

Tong .haker.-One who "detaches the tongs froID the log alter It ia delivered. 

Top loader.-That member of a loading crew, sometimes' called a sky hooker, 

who stando on the top of a load and places the logs as they are sont up. 

Topman, jammer.-One who places the logs.on a. skidding Bled when the loading 

is done by means of a jammer or horse loader. 

Topper.-One who cuts the tops from felled trees. 

Track dr ... er.-A laborer engaged in ballasting a railroad track. 

Trackman.-A laborer on the maintenanoe of way. 

Track'l1UUt.,.. The foreman of a crew repairing logging roads. (See Roadmaster.) 

Trackwalker.-A watchman who examines the railroad track. to locate defects 

which might result in wrecks. 

Trail cutter. (See Swamper.) 

Trailer, (See Sled tender.) 

Train Ioader.-One who loads logs on logging cars for railroad transportation. 

Trainma1l. (See Brakeman.) 

Train fMJ8ter.-One who directs the movemepts of logging trains. 

Tra'TI~fer crew (tramfor men).-A hody of men transferring logs from narrowgage 

to sta.ndard-gage cars. 

Tram/er man. (See Transfer crew.) 

Tripper, ditcher. (See Lever mao.) 

UndorcuUer.-A skilled woodman who .hops the under.ut In trees 80 that they 

will fall in the proper direction. (See Notcher.) 

Unload.,. (unload.,., la1lding; yardman).-One who unloads logs either at the 

log pond or yard of the sawmill or at the landing where logs are stored preparatory 

to being transported to the sawmill. 

Unloader, ccaZ.-One who unloads ...... of coal for use at the camps. 

Unload .., landing. (See Unloader.) 

Wagon crew (wagoners, wagon men).-The entire body of men working in CODnection 

with skidding wagons. (See Driver.) 

Wagoner. (See Driver.) 

Wagon man. (See Driver.) , 

Waitor.-A male employee who places foad on the table at the logging camps. 

Waitr ....-A female employee who places the food on the table at the logging 

.amps. 

Warehouseman.-One who is in charge of supplies at a camp warehouse. (See 

Commisaary man.) 

Washer. (See Dishwasher.) 

Watchman.-One who guardo logging equipment. 

Watchman, bridge.-One who guards bridges used in logging operationa. 

Watchman, tower.-A'signal man at a railroad orossing. 

Water boy. (See Water buck.) 

Water buck (water boy).-One who carries water. 

Water hauler.-One who transports water when the source of supply ia at & diatance 

from the camp:. 

' 

Water pumper. (See Pump man.) 

Water slinger .-One who throws water on the skid roads to make them eIIppery 

and to prevent wear. 

Whi.tle boy. (See Sigua1man.) _ 

Whistle punk. (See Sigualman.) 

Winch mon.-One who operates a winch or small drum used in lo&ding logs. 

Wiper. (See Hostler, assistant.) 

Wood boy. (See Wood buck.) 

Wood buck (chunk sawyer, roader splitter, yarder spliUer, wood boy, wood chopper, 

lDood cutter, 'WOod getter, wood man,Juel man).-one who cuts and carries wood for 

use at the camp or in donkey engines. 

Woodchopper. (See Wood buck.) 

Wood cuUeI'. (See Wood buck.) 

Wood getter. (See Wood buck.) 

Wood ha..ze".-One who transports wood by team for camp use. 

Wood Ioader.-One who loads wood for transportation, either for camp or for 

commercial use. 

Woodman. (See Wood buck.) 

Yard boss. (See Hook tender.) 

Yarder bo... (See Hook tender.) 

Yarder .plitter. (See Wood buck.) 

Yardma1l. ' (See Unloader.) 

Zoogi6r: (See Sled tender.)

LIST OF BUllETINS OF TIlE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 

".". folloulln, ,. • llat 01 .u 'ulletllu 01 1M ..,... 01 £ct6or ~ JI."''''' a..e. 

Jul •• JllZ. GeftII' Uuff In 'M call' 01 &u'''''''' "",,.. 'M ,..ulQ oI)MriodIe eurMplI 01 ,,.. 

.wau on41 '1M ,.,.., &ulIdba Oft .... one •• bJfId to. ,..,.. "-ted. 

A eo""",. liar of 1M reporh .,..., 6ullettna ..,." prior 10 Jul,. lin. _ .,.a _ ,,..,,u.a.- 

1m. pullu.1ud Gnu tl&4t de,., aU .. tar,..,.." Oft qpllcctloa. lluu.tbu ma:r ..... ,m. (41,1 

an ou, 01"",.1- 

CoadIlatlara ud arhI ....... (ladadial.va.. ad 1odDn .. ). 

-No. 1M. Ccmclliatfou IUId arbltraUon ID t.be bul(dIq tradeI of 0,.. New Yed. n9U.) 

-No. lIB. Report of the mdusCrtal OODDCO of the British Baud of Trade em 1&slDquJJy tn&o IDdaslrfal 

aareemenlL luna.) 

No. In. M1chipn copper dis1:rII:t strtb. (1914.J 

-No. 1+1. Indastrial CIOllJ1 of tile cloak. JOJt. IDd Ikb1; lnda!tr7 of N8'r ywt: City. [1914.. 

-No. 1M. OortcWatioD" IJ'blCraUoD. and IBDlcatloD fD t.be cha ad waIB& mdustrJ' 01 New Yed:: 

('lty. [UU4..1 

-No. III, CoUecttft bwplnlng In tbe antbr&clte-ooellDdaIICry. [1011.) 

-No. Iva. Cdlecuw apeemenuln Ule DIen'. clothfDg IDdasay. (l9tG.J 

No. 238. OperaUon or the lndDStrial dlsputelllDnstIpUon ao& 01 Canada. (1018.' 

No. 265. 10lnt lDduIh1aI ooundblD Great BrttaIIl. (1919.] 

No. 288. HlRorJ' of thi BbipboDdiq Lebor AdJustmem BOIII'd. 1917 to ltD. 

No. aB7. National W .. lAbor Board: Bis&ory of Its fDrmaI;Iaa, .etlvlties. etc. [11D.I 

_-No. am. U. at Federal po1NJ' lD seWement 01 ran.,.ylabal' diJputlll. (1023.] 

.No.M.1. Trade acreemenl 10 the sUk-rlbbcm Industry of New Yort 01&7. (1-'1 

No. 402. CoUecti .. barpI.nIng by ackrn, (1nt1.1 

No. Trade fIIl'II8IDent.s, 11127. 

No. 4111. JOtat lDdnsc:rtai CODtrolln tbe boot IIld Job printlaa Industry. (I9t1l.] 

..... 

No. ala. COQSQJDII'I' aoopentive 1Cdea.1n the Ub1&ed 8&ate1ID Iw.ID. 

No. lifo Cooperative cnd1& IOCIeUes (c:ndi& u.nlaw!) In Amerlaa IIld In beIp eount:rIes. (loa] 

No. 417. Ooopentin moftlDal; iD lbe UoI&ecl8~ ill 1925 (olber lb&n fI&riculkUal). 

No. 631. Ocmsamel'l", credit. end prodaoU .. oooperatiftlOde&lel. 18& 

EmpJoraum.t aud anemplDJDUlnL 

-No. lOll. 8taUatJcs of wwaplOJ)ll8Dt an" the work 01 amploJlD8ll& ofDcas ill &be United BtaCeL 

(1....( 

-No. 172. Uoemplo)'ID.8D.t In New York CJtJ', N. Y. (lOla.) 

'No. 181. Retru1artty of employment In the-womu." read7 ....... prmenllnduscrs.. [IV16.) 

"No. 1\J6.. Uoemploymeat in lbe OoJted States. [l916.J 

'No.1" Prooaedtnp or Employment JrlIlI1III8d' CQD.(enmce bald a& :Mbmeapol1l, Jrlbm., JanDal'J' 

19 and 20. 11110. 

-No. 201. Proo&odtnp of the 00Dteren0e of EmplO}'lDlDt Manapn' b·ooIp" .... 01 B.-on. MaaL, 

bald May 18. line. 

'No. 2011. Tbe Brtl1ab. IYdem or labor excbanpL [11110.1 

'No. 221. Prooaedtnp 01 UI8 Bmplo)'lDellt Manqers' ConfueDae, PhDadalpbla. P ••, AprO t and I, 

1917. 

-No. 335. Employment I)'Stem of t.be Late Carrien" Amoolatlou. [1918.) 

'No. an. PubUc employment om_In the UDJted States. (l918.] 

'No'-247. Proo&edInp of Employment Maoapra" OoDfereaoe, Bocbas1:er, N. Y., M.,. ... n. 101.8. 

'No. alo, IDdustriBl unemployment: A ataUsUcal dUd7 Of Iii u&m& ad oaua& (lm) 

No. G. Uaemploymenc 1D Colum.but. Ohio. 11m to 19B6. 

No. m. Soeialand eooooroia obarac&er-ot IlIIIIIDploymeD&.fD PbiladaIpbia. April. 11'.18. 

No. 6U. Report of Cbe adv1lor7 oommJ.nee on empb)7Dl8Dt aads&loL 

No. Mt. Uuemployment-beaeft& plaDIln &be UDlsed. S&aaa_d UDeIIlPloJ1lll8Df; inIoraDae lD. fonlp 

COWlh'_ 11..,1.) 

No. lID. FlllO&Uatl .... m em.plo:vment In Oblo 1D 1111" to IDa (lD ......) 

No. 666. BocIal aDd IICJOnomlo obaracIv of UDaIIIploJlDlNlt iD. Pbf1ade1phia. AprD, 1m 

'No. 141 A4In1niNaUon 01 labor .... aDd faokIr7lnspecUoa. In oert:aID Boropean oaaa.klel. 

No. 4M. Labor Iacial&Uon of Urucou. (1121.J 

No. 110. Labor laPlatJon of Arpntina. [lSJ80.) 

No. DIt. Wortman'. oompenaaUOlt teatalatiOD or &be Latin ADaIrIoUa ocrunlrleL (l-.J 

No. MIl. Labor ltItIlaUOll. of VeneAIela. 111111J 

No. 10K. Labor lectslat10a of hnaua7. (lUSl.) 

No. .... Lobor __ III "_. bl1l1~ 

00 

....

a._ 

~No. 158. GOvem.m.ant lid to home ownml IDd boosln, of worktDl people fa roreJp GOIIlItrIa 

(19101.1 

No .•• Housing by smployars In tbe UnJted States.. (uno.) 

,.' No. 29&. BuDding operations in repxesentallve cities lD 193). 

No. 646. BuDding permits iD the prlncIpaJ o1ttes of b United States In [1921 to)la 

IIldustrial ar.eidents end 1rJ'1l1l1Ut. 

-No.l(M. Lead poisoning In potterl8S. iUe worD,. and poroeJaln-enamefed sanftary ware- factorfeI. 

[1012.} • 

No. 120. Hygiene of the patntera' trade. . (lil18.} 

-No. l2'l. Dangers to workers from dusts and rum .. BIld methods of protecL1ou. tmaJ 

-No. 141. Lead poisoning in tbeameltlng and refln1nI of lead.. (lUI4.) 

-No. 157. Industrlal accident statistics. [l916.J 

eN 0. 1&5. Lead poiBoDiDg La the manufacture of!ltorag9 batteries. [11»14.) 

-No. 179. Induatrlal polsoDJ used iD the robber irulu,tl'J'. [1916.) 

No. 188. Report 01 British departmental commJuee on the d8IIger in the 1110 of lead 1n the pa1D.ttnr 01 

buildtngs. [1918.) 

-No. 3JI. Report ot the oommIttee on natistlcs and compansatlon inaw'anca COlts 01 the In&emaUcmal 

Aasociation of industrial Accident. Boards 8Ild Commission. [.Wl6.} 

-No. 209. Hygiene of tbe printlDg trades. (1917.) 

eNo.219. Industrial poJscms used or produced In &he maimtactnre ofexplOliveL [iU17J 

No. 221.. Hours, fatigue. BIld bealtb in Britlsb mUDit1oD. factGrles. [1917:] 

No. Z40. Industrlal efflcleney and [atigae in BritJsh mo.nltlon tactorie9. {lOI7.] 

-No.23L Mortality from resplrotory dlseasea In dusty Imdes (inorpnic dUltl). (1918., 

-No. 234. The safety movement in t._irOD and steellDdustrJ'. 1907 to 1917. 

No. 236. Effects of the air bammer on the bands of stonecutters. [J918.J 

No. 249. IndustrlaJ health and efllclency. Final report of Briti8h Healtll of Munition Wortan' 

Committee. (1919.) 

·No.251. Preventable death in the ootton.mauutaeturlng industrJ'. (Ung.) 

No. 256. Accldenuaud accident prevention In machln& bn1ld1og. (1919.] 

No. 'JIJ7. Antbru as BD occupaUonal dlseaaI. (193).1 

No. 278. StandardtJatton of industrial aoc1deu1 sCatJsttcs. [1920.) 

-No. 280. IndustrlaJ. polsonIDg In making eoaMU' dYM and dn b:tt.ermedfatll. lIm.) 

·No.291. Carbon monOIide polsonIDg. (1921.) 

No. 293. The problem of dust phthlsls in tbe granlbHJtOD.e lDdns&:ry. (1922.) 

No. 298. Causes and prevenUon of aooldents In the iron and s&eeI InduatrJ, 1910-1919. 

No. 300. Occupation bazards and diagnostic algns: A.p1de to bnpalrmenu to be looked tor In baurtS 

GUS oecupations. [1922.] 

No. S92. Survey of hygienic conditioDllIn the printing 1ndes. '[1925.' 

No. oW6. Phosphortl9 necrosis In tbe mauuf8cture of ftrewarks and fb the pnpuatloa or pllosphonq. 

[1026.} 

No. m. Health SIlJ"V8Y of the printing trades. 1922 to 1926. 

No. 428. Proeeedings of the Indnstrlal Accldent PrevenUon Conference. beld at W~ D. 0 .. 

. July It-liS, 192fl- 

No. '60. A new test for Industrlallead polJonln&. (l928.J 

No. 466. Set.tlement for acc1dent.s to American lI88Dlen. (1928.) 

No. 488. Deaths from lead polsontng, 1926-1927. 

No. -tW. ScadstJcs of Industrial accidents in the tJDIt.ed. States SO the end of 1937. 

No. tm. Causes of death. by occupation. (1D2t.J 

Industrial relatiolUl aDd labor coDdidoDL 

No. 237. Indastrlal1l1D"85t In Great BrItafn.. [1817.) 

No. 3tO. Cbinege m.lgrstions, with special refere-oce to Iabor eondttIooa. (1923.) 

No. 349. IndustrlaJ reJatlons1n the west Coast lumber lndusI:rT. (t9Zll.) 

No. 361. Labor relations 1D the Fairmont (W. Va.) bltam.lDoDHOal Oeld. Om-I 

" No. 380. Postwar labor conditions In Gen:nany. [1926.) 

No. 383. Works council movement In Germany. U926.J 

No. 3S4.. Labor CODdJtlOnsin the shoe lndllltly JD Masaachnsetta, 19'JO-10H. 

No. 399. Labor relat10mt In the Jaca and 1ac&eurta1n fndns&:rles in &be l1Dited 8&ateI. PnLJ 

No. S3(. Labor oondJdonsin the TerritorJ' of HawaU.. 1928-1930. 

No.li68. Labor ooDdidons of women aDd cbIldnmiA Iapan. [lVll.J 

[II]

...... ta ... f die Ual" Bta_ (bIdatllDe tIecId&n:.-.f CIOartIJ nhtlq lID Iabar). 

No. 211. Labor 1& ... and &beIr adminlsWadoD in abe PacUIc States. {lM7.) 

No. ZII. Wage-payment legislatJoa III UJe UnIted States. [um.) 

No. 286. MlnImu:m wage laws of the United 8tams: Consh'acUon and operatIOD. (1921.] 

No. 82l. Labor laWi that have been d8clared IlIlCDDItItotioDal. [1e.) 

No. 322. Jramu Court of Industrial Relations. [1Wl&J 

No. 3t3. La .. providing for boreaoa of labor statistics, etc. (1823.1 

No. 170. Labor la ..... of tbe United statas with declslons 01 CDII11a relattng thereto. [lQ25.) 

No. 408. LaW! relating to payment 01 wagas. [1926., 

No. M8. Declslons of courtlI and opinl0D8 atlectlng labor, 1921HQ. 

No. 662. Labor Ieglalatlon, lDaO. 

Pc 1'np of umual CIOnYelltiou .f tbB AMDcb.lfoa of Gonramea&al Olllcaa. in IDdaalrJ .r 0- 

UnUed 8ea_ and Cana.... (NlUDe ehaDaed In 1928 hID AModatiOll or GorerDlDental t. ... OJD.daiI 

of the Valled Sla .. aad'~) 

-No. 21116. SeveDth, Seattle. Wub.,luly 11-16, uno. 

No. 307. Etcbtb, New Orleans. La.. May 2-G, lU2L 

-No. 823. Nlatb, Harrlsbnrl. Pa., May ~2B, UI2lL 

-No. M2. Tenth. Richmond. Va., May 1-4, una. 

"No. 889. Eleventh. ChJC8Io. m •• May 1~23, w.at. 

-No. nl. TwotRb, Salt Lake City, Utab, AUIUSt 13-16, 1926- 

-No. at. TbJrteenth, Columbaa., Ohio, JUDD 7-10, InL 

-No.465. Foorteellth. Paterson. N. J .. May 81 to June a, 1" 

"No. 4110. FUleeDtb. New Orleans, La.. May 21.-2f. IV& 

No .•. 8hteenth, TOI'ODto, Canada. lune 4-7. 19211. 

No. &30. BeventeeDt.b., LoulsvUle, KJ'.,l4ay"-' 1830, 

Proceedlnp .r annul lIleellnea .1 Ibe IDIeraaUu_ .baodatloa .t.b:dlllildal Mddea.1 ..... u.' 

Qnmm ......... 

No. tIo. Third, Colomball. Ohio, AprO 25-28, HUa. 

No. lIS. Fom1.b, BoReD. Mass., August 21-26. UU7. 

No.2M. FtIth, Madison, Wis., September .27, 1918. 

-No. m. 8frtb, Toronto, Canada. September 23-15, 1919. 

No. :III. Seventh, Ban lI'randsm. Callf., 8eptamber 2O-tfl, 192). 

No. 1JOt. Eigbtb, Cbtcago, m., September 19-23, 1921. 

No. 883. Ninth. Baltimore. Md •• Ocl.Ober 9-11, 1921. 

"No. sa Tutti, 81. PaoI, Minn., September .IIJ. 1028. 

No. 8. Eleventh, Ballfu, Nova Scotia, AIJIUBt 28-38, 1m 

No ••. Indu to proceedibp, 191 .... 192f. 

No. 401!. Twelfth, Salt lAke CltJ', Utah. AQ8U& 17-2). Ins. 

No. 4B2. Thirteenth, BarUord. COIlD.. September 14-17, 18111. 

-No.'" PoW1ll8Dlb, Atlanta, OL, 8eptembel27-2(l, 19Z'1. 

No." PilteeDth. Pat.enon, N. J., September 11-14,lI28. 

No. Stt. Blneentb, BuffBlo. N. Y .• October~U. 1929. 

No. 63&. 8i8vent.eentb, WUmJ.nttoD, DlL, 8i8pt.ember .~. 1930. 

Proeeedlql.r uaaallllOllUnp.' die 1 .. lerDatknual ~1IIm.f Pqblle BmplO1Dleat Sertta-. 

No. us. Ptra. Ohlca&o. December 19 and 20, 11111; aeoond, IDdianapo1" September:K aDd IS. Itl .. 

tb.Ird, De&roit, July 1 and 2, 1915. 

-No. m J'oar1.b, BuftaJ.o, N. Y •• July 20 and 21, 191e. 

No. Ill. Ninth. Buftalo, N. Y .. September H. 1921. 

lto. 837. Tentb. Washiqton., D.O., September 11-13,1922: 

No. 865. EJDftDth, Toronto. Canada, September 4-7,1923. 

No. 400. Twelfth, Obioalo. m., May 1~2I, 19M. 

No. 4lt. Thirteenth. Rochester, N. Y., September 15-17, 1926. 

No. 478. Fifteenth, Detro1t, Mich., October 25-:38, 1927. 

No. a)l. 8lx~th. Cleveland,. ObJo, September 18-tI, 1928. 

No. _ Seventh. PhUadelpbia. September tl-27, 19211; El&hteaDtb. Toronto. Canada. 8eptmDbero-lI, 

1-. 

PtodIlCUYltr .t........ 

No. 1M. Produetlntp CDItIIn the OOIDIDOIl-hrIck lDdustrJ'. 111111.) 

No. .. TIme and labor OCIlla In.man~ 100 pain ofabOll, Ina. 

No. 407. lAbor oosc. of productloD IUld ..... and boom or Jabal lD the paper boz.boIIld lDdDStrJ' 

lin&.) 

....._ 

-No. "U. WaatI, boun,. and prodwltJ:t'l", 1D the pouerylDdU:ltl7, IllS. 

No ....... Productlvlt,. 01 labor In the Iluslnd.ustIY. (UI21.J 

No. 474. Produottvl'7 01 labor III IIlWChant blue rum.a.. '-[1928.1 

No. 471. ProducUvttJ' 01 labor III _~PII' priDUDa:. (1_.) 

No. _ Labor pradW!Uvt&y lD. CWIO bandliua: Uldloal&:sbor8labor IIQIIdltkms. 11m.) 

[m)

Retail prtc:S ad COIIt of JJriDI. 

-No. 12L BIlIIZ' prices, from reflner to CODI1UJlII'. (Una.) 

-No. 180. Wheat and flour prices. from farmer to oonswner. (1918.) 

-No, 1M. Butter pri~ from prodo.cer to CODSUtDar. (1914.) 

No. 1'10. ForefgD food prloea IrS aftected by t.bewar. (1911.J 

No."7. CootorUviDsln.beU __ (..... 1 

No. 868. The 1188 of eost-of·llving fl.gura.ID. wap adjustmen&a. (I92.S.J 

No. 496. BataO prleea, 1890 CO lD28. 

s.retJ' codeII. 

No. 336. Safety code for the proklction of lDdustrlal workers iD foondrlea. 

No.3:iO. Rules for governing the approval of b88dllgbtlng devices for motor veblclel. 

-No. 86L Salety code for the constructloa. care. and use oC ladders. 

No. 37&. 8alety code Cor lanndry mschiDer:y and operations. 

No. 382. Code otlightlng acbool buUdlnp. 

No. 410. Safety code for paper and pulp mUla. 

-No. 430. Safety code for power presses and foot and ban.d presses. 

No. 483. Safety codes for the prevention of dl15t uplosfona. 

No. 447. Salety code for robber mills and calenders. 

No. 461. Safety code for t'orgiag and boHDetal damping. 

No. 463. Safety-oode for m ...... anl ce • powflMr8nsmlssion apparatus-flrs\ revtslolL 

No. 509. Textile safety codes. 

No. 51.2. Code for identification of ~maak caniaters. . 

No. 619. Safety cod.elor woodwork::!.ng plante. as revised. 1930. 

No. 571. Safety code for the use. CfU:e. and protection of abrasive wheels. 

No. 666. Code of lIght1ng: Factories. mllls, and other work P)8OBI. Revbion of 1030. 

VoeatioDal and wurken' education. 

-No. 1St Sbo~t coorses for wage earners. and a Cac&0r7 scbool uperlment. 11IUB.) 

-No. IG. Vocational education SI1I'V8y of Richmond. Va. [l9U;.) 

-No. 199. Vocational edoeation survey of MluneapoUs, Mlno. 11017.) 

No. 271. Adult working-cl&ss education In Great Britain and tbe United Stat.8ll. (192O.J 

No. 469. ApprenticeshJp in buIlding oonstnlotlon. [1928.1 

W.,. &ad houn orJabor. 

-No. 148. Wages and regularity of employment and standardization of piece rates in Lb. drees and 

waist fDd1l5tr:y of New York City. (l91...} 

-No. 147. Wages and regularity of employment in the cloak. suit, and skIrt Industry. 11914.) 

No. 161. Wages and boars oflebor In the clothing and cigar fndostrles. 19n to 1913. 

No. 163. Wages and hours of labor:iD the bulldillg aDd repalring 01 steam ra1lroad cars. 1007 to 1918. 

-No. 190. Wages and boon of labor in tho cotton, woolen. and sUlI: Induatrles, 1907 to 1914. 

No. 2M. Street-rallway employment In the United States. (1917.) 

No. 218. Wages and hours of labor in the Iron and a&eellndustr:y, J907 to 1915: With a dOU8I'J' of 

occapations. 

No. 226. Wages and bOlll'8 o( labor In the lumber. mntwork, and I'tlrnlt.ure industries. 1016. 

No. 263. lndustrial survey In seleeted ludustrles In the Ualted States, 1919. 

No. 297. Wages and boon o( labor In the petroleum industry, 1920. 

No.3li6. Produetlvlty coats In the commOD-brlck Industry. 119'Jf..l 

No. 358. Wages and bours of labor in the antomobUe-t1re Indostr:y, una. 

No. 360. Time and labor oosts in manllfacturlDg 100 pairs of shl8, 1923. 

No. 365. Wages and b01ll'8 01 labor In the paper and pulp Indnstr:y, 1921. 

No. 394. Wages and hounJ of labor In metallltero1l8 mines. 1.924. 

No. f07. Labor oost of production and Willes and bOUl'8 of labor In tbe paper bo:l-board Indtlltr7. 

(1.... 1 

·No.412. Wages, boora. and produc:tlvity In the potter:y lnd1l81ly, 1926. 

No.416. Bours and earn1nga In ant.bracUe and bltwninoDs ooaI m.In.iD& 1922 and ur.H. 

No. 4M.. Wages and hOlUl of labor of common street laborers. 1lr.ti. 

No. 497. Wages and baurs of labor ID the lwnber Indoatry In the United States. 18'28. 

No. 498. Wages and hollJ'S nflabor In the boot and sh08ind.ustr:y, 1910 to 1928. 

No.499. History of WBges In the United States from colonial times to 1928. 

No. tiID. Wages and boun of labor in the 1DOtor:~veblcle industrY, 1928. 

No. aJ3. Wages and hours of labor in the men's clothing Industry. 1911 to 1928. 

No. &ai. Wages and hoon of labor in the boa1ery and nnderwear Indostrles, 1907 &0 1G28. 

No. 61B. Wages and bours of Jabor 10 the Irollaad steellndunry, 192QI. 

No. 61t. Pen:naylvanla RaDroad wage dU:a. l'rom Report of 101nt Fact i'iDdJDI Comm1Uee ID 

wage negotiatlous In 1927. 

No. 518. BOUI'8 and eam1ug:s 10 bltunlJDoda..cal minID!. 192U. 

No. 62a. Wapsad bOUl'l of labor III Cou:ndrieIaod maoIdDe sbops. 1929. 

[IT)

W,... ad lIGan orlahaP-OontiDuecL 

No. 623. Boars and ecninp In tbe manolactare of alrplaHa and afrcraft cmg1DM. 192I. 

No. 625. W .... and bonn 01 tabor In the Portland cement IndDStr7. 1929. 

No. PII. W~ and bouraof labor In the fornlture Industr7, 1010 to 1928. 

No.1i32. Wagas and bours ottabor In the cJgvet:te mannfactarJaglndtutry, 1930. 

No. aaa. Wapi and bOlll!l of labor III woolan aDd worsted goods 1D8Il1IIactar1ng, 1010 to 1m 

No. 634. Labor oondltioDs in the 'hrritor)" of HawaU. 1929-1930. 

No. 835. Wages and bows of tabor III the alaugh:terlng and meat-pact:1ng ln~ustrJ. 1" 

No. 587. Wages and bour8 of tabor ID the dye.lng and 8a1sblng of tenIles. 1m 

No. 639. Wares and bOUD of 18bot in ootton·,oocU manufactUriD&. 1010 to 1930. 

No. MO. Union scales of wiges and hOUl'll of labor, Msy 16, 1930. 

No. Me. Wares and hours In 1'8J'0Il and other syothet1c tenlle manuf&atarlng, 11130. 

No. 5(1. Wspe and hours tD. caue 5llPI' refining IndUltr)", 1930. 

No. MI. WQI!IIIIend boors 01 labor In the boot IIIld i!!hlJllllndl1!lb7. 1010 to ID30. 

No. &E!. Waaee and houra of tabor In the mea'e CIIothina' Industry, 1911 to U3O. 

Welfare worII:. 

-No. l2I. BmplOJtft' weIfar8 wort. (lOU.) 

No. m. Welfare worIr: In British munlUoDs fIc&orles. 

(Ion.} 

-No. 260. Waa1:are work tor em,ployeaa In iDdustrIaJ. estabJ..llhmenta In the United Stat-. [1010.) 

No." Health and reareaUoD actIvltl. In. lndaaCrial estabJlsbmeD ... Ins. 

WboIeale prIceL 

-No. aBf,. Index DIlDlberl of wboles&le prica. in the United States and toralp OODDtr1aa. [1021J 

No. t.5I. Revt.d IDde:r numben ofwholalale prices. Ina to laly, 1027. 

No. 4lI8. Wbol .. prka. 19lJ to 102B. 

No. MIL Wholesale prt-. 1030. 

WGlDeIl ad ehIldru III Illdutl7. 

No. 118. BOur.. eamt:np. and duratioD. of employmflllt 01 ~ womm til I8JecIed Indtlltl's. 

In the DldrIct of Columbia. (1D18.) 

·No.117. ProbtbWoD of Dlgbt work of J'CIUD& pfJIW)DS. 11911.1 

-No. US. T8D-bour mutmum wortiDg-da,. tor W01IUID and young penons. (l1l1!.} 

No. 110. Worktng boan ofwomm ID the pea 0IDIll!IrieI of Wboonaln. 111118.1 

-No. l22. Bmp}oJ1nent of woman In power 1aDDdries In MDwankee. (10l8..1 

·No. leO. Bonn, ~ and oondJtlODl of labor of women In Ind1aua mercantile estabUshmeDta 

and prIIIftt Iectort.. (I91..} 

-No. 18'7. MlnJmum-wqe legislattOllIll the Ullited 8tatel and forelgn coo.nt:riea. (1016.1 

"No. 176. 8ummar'7 01 the report on condition of woman and. chlld wap eunan In the United States. 

11916.1 

-No. 1'18. Etrect or m.io1mum-wage determlnatlons In OrecoD. 119UI.] • 

·No. 180. The boot and moe iDdQl1;Zy in MuschoeetCl .. a 'I'OC8tioD for women. [1916.] 

·No. l82. Unemplo:rmeut &mODI women hi depar1m.ent and other retail storel of BoRon. Mus. 

(lill1.1 

No. 108. Drw;mlJdnl u • Ind. tor women In Nusacbusetl& (lil8.) 

No. 116. IDdaatrial u:peri8Dce Jt tndHdlooll1rls 111 M&sSIIClbueetta. [1017.1 

-No. 111. Effec& of worbDeD.'. oompema&:lon iaW'lm dlmlnlshln, the D8D8SSllJ' of Induatrial em1).lo7- 

mont 01 women and CIbJ.ldreD. [11118.] 

·No. lIS. Emp1o:rmeu.t of WQlD8D IoDd jDveDIleI tn Great Britain cIurlD&' &be war. 11D17J 

No. 163. Women III tbelesdlnd1l5tr1-. 118111.J 

No. te7. ),{lnJmwn warele«1l1atto-n in varfoUI ooun.triIII. 11") 

No. 658. LUor oo.ndJUoDI 01 'WomeD and cbUdnm. in l.paD. UealJ 

WCII'kmaIl'aluaruce .... _ 

.... 1IoD. (tIIdadlq"we NlaCIDC 1lMn1D). 

-No. 101. OanofmbIRcuJOWIwtlP eamenln Oerman:y., (lil2.) 

-No. 102. BrlUsb uttanal ~ -. IOU. ., 

No. 103. 81ckn_ and accl4ent lDIwaDoe law lD B1r:lbaiahd.. [10u.) 

No. 107. uw retatlnl' IiO ~ oIlIlarted em~ tD. GermaDJ'. (1811,] 

·No. 181. Oompeoa\1oD.,.. aooId-.ta co employeM 01 ~ UD1tec1 State&. (ltllf.] 

-No. 2lI. PIooeedJnp or the OODferImoe on aocIallDlunmoe oe.lled b,. the mterDattODll AIIIoclatlOD of 

Ind.QItrIal ACIGldeD.t BoardI ud. 00mmIalcma. Wuhinlr&oD. D.O •• Decemb.- H. 11111. 

·No. IU.. Warl!:m8D'I CDmpeDllUoQ ltI1sW1oD. III. the Ulllied ~ and. toreIIn COUDWieI. Dl7 and 

lOla. 

No. 301. Oompariaon of wortmaD,'. compeuatloa. Ibsarance and admlnIe&ndoa. 1182a.) 

No. ad. NUIooal healUllDIuranoe til. OMl.t Btttain. llU to Ul2l, 

No. m. Oomparial 01 wortm.'. comJ)8IBI.tlon laWl 01 the Unllied BtUelM or lUl1W'J' I, 1" 

NOof". PubUo-eerricereUnment 1l'I&ema. UDited. SmtesaDd Burope. (1_.] 

No. .. WortmeD', oompea.sa&km laIblatklll 01 the United statoa aDd. 0aDad.a as of lUlUU'J''' 102t. 

CWt&b ... 01 IlIIiIlatloD aao&ed til. 1JD7 and l8I8.) 

W ..... WorI!:men" OGIIIptDaUoDllCb1atlon at lb. 14UD. AmwllU OOIlDtri.. n~ 

(YJ

..... ---_.- . " 

·No. 174. SUbject Index of the publications of the 'United States Bureau. of t.bar Sta&:tadCli ap .. 

May 1, 1911. 

No. 208. Profit sharing In tile Uolt.ed Staf.e8. [1916.] 

No. W. Food sltuatioD In central Earope. 1911. 

No. 2M. InternatIonal labor legislation and the sodety or nation. U910.). 

No. 268. Historical survey of Internetlonal action aflectlng labor. [Uno.] 

No. 282. Mutnal relle! associations among Government employees In Washington, D. O. [lD21.J 

No. 319. The Bureau.of Labor St&tiati(S: Its history, activities. and orpnimtion. [lW2.) 

No; 826. Methoda dt procu.rlng and computIng statistical LnrormatioD or the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 

(l923.) 

No. 342. International Seamen's UDJon of Ame.rica: A studJ' of Its bJatoq and problema. [1928.) 

No. M6. Humanity in government. [l923.} 

No. 372. Convict labor in 1923. 

No. 386. Cost of AmerIcan almshouses. {192U 

No. 898. Growth of Je.giJ.-nld work In the Unitud States. [1826.) 

No.401. FamUy allowances in rorelgn countries. {1928.] 

No. 461. Labor organizations In ObUe. (1928.1 

No.462. Park recreation areas in the United atntos. {Uns.) 

·No.465. Beneficial activities of American trade-unions. [1928.) 

No. 479. Activities and tonctlons Of 8 State department or labor. (1028.1 

No. 483. CondJtJOmJ ill the shoe mdu.st.ry ID Haverblll, Masa., una. 

No. f89 •. Care of aged. persona In the United Stetea. [1929.] 

No. 605. Directory of homes for the aged. in the United States. 1192VJ 

No. 606. Handbook of American trade-nn1ons, 1029 edition. 

No. 518. P6l'SODDe1 research agencies, 1930 edition. 

No. Mi. Handbook of labor atotiatlcs, 1931 edItion. 

['VII 

"

1'!it - DSpace@GIPE

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?