French loan-words - Palgrave

Word lists – <strong>French</strong> <strong>loan</strong>-<strong>words</strong> - From Old English to Standard English 3 rd edition 1<br />

Early <strong>French</strong> <strong>loan</strong>-<strong>words</strong><br />

OF/ONF date MnE<br />

arbaleste 1100 arbalest<br />

capun 1000 capon<br />

castel 1075 castle<br />

12th century<br />

OF date MnE<br />

abbat 1123 abbot<br />

cardinal 1125 cardinal<br />

canceler 1131 chancellor<br />

charité 1175 charity<br />

clerc 1129 clerk<br />

cuncile 1125 council<br />

cuntesse 1154 countess<br />

cort/curt 1154 court<br />

duc 1129 duke<br />

emperice 1154 empress<br />

fruit 1175 fruit<br />

grace 1175 grace<br />

jouglere 1175 juggler<br />

justice 1154 justice<br />

legat 1154 legate<br />

market 1154 market<br />

merci 1175 mercy<br />

13th century<br />

OF date MnE<br />

abbesse 1297 abbess<br />

abaie 1250 abbey<br />

absolution 1200 absolution<br />

acuser 1297 accuse<br />

aquiter 1230 acquit<br />

aliance 1297 alliance<br />

ametiste 1290 amethyst<br />

archer 1297 archer<br />

armer 1205 arm (vb)<br />

art 1225 art<br />

asalir 1230 assail<br />

asaut 1297 assault (n)<br />

asigner 1297 assign<br />

atirer 1250 attire<br />

baillif 1297 bailiff<br />

basme 1220 balm<br />

banere 1230 banner<br />

barun 1200 baron<br />

bacin 1220 basin<br />

bataille 1297 battle<br />

bealte 1275 beauty<br />

blasmer 1200 blame<br />

boillir 1225 boil<br />

broche 1225 brooch<br />

cape 1205 cape (cloak)<br />

cachier 1205 catch<br />

FRENCH<br />

capelain 1100 chaplain<br />

prud 1050 proud<br />

sot 1000 sot (foolish)<br />

tor/tur 1100 tower<br />

OF date MnE<br />

miracle 1154 miracle<br />

olie 1175 oil<br />

palefrei 1175 palfrey<br />

paradis 1175 paradise<br />

passiun 1175 passion<br />

pais 1154 peace<br />

prior 1123 prior<br />

prisun 1123 prison<br />

prover 1175 prove<br />

rente 1154 rent<br />

sacrement 1175 sacrament<br />

saint 1122 saint<br />

estandard 1154 standard<br />

table 1175 table<br />

tresor 1154 treasure<br />

werre 1154 war<br />

OF date MnE<br />

celier 1225 cellar<br />

censier 1250 censer<br />

chamberlain 1297 chamberlain<br />

champiun 1225 champion<br />

cheance 1297 chance<br />

changer 1230 change<br />

chapele 1225 chapel<br />

chapitre 1225 chapter<br />

charger 1297 charge (vb)<br />

chaste 1225 chaste<br />

chatel 1225 chattel<br />

chef/chief 1297 chief<br />

chois 1297 choice<br />

cuer 1297 choir<br />

clause 1225 clause<br />

clergie 1275 clergy<br />

cloke 1275 cloak<br />

coler 1297 collar<br />

color 1290 colour<br />

cunestable 1240 constable<br />

covent 1225 convent<br />

cuntrée 1275 country<br />

corteour 1290 courtier<br />

creatour 1290 creator<br />

crucefix 1225 crucifix<br />

cruete 1290 cruet

---

2<br />

Word lists – <strong>French</strong> <strong>loan</strong>-<strong>words</strong> - From Old English to Standard English 3 rd edition<br />

OF date MnE<br />

deis 1259 dais<br />

dame 1225 dame<br />

date 1290 date (fruit)<br />

defendre 1250 defend<br />

devocion 1225 devotion<br />

devot 1225 devout<br />

digneté 1225 dignity<br />

dîner 1297 dinner<br />

duc 1205 duke<br />

empire 1297 empire<br />

hermine 1200 ermine<br />

estat 1225 estate<br />

executour 1280 executor<br />

faucon 1250 falcon<br />

feste 1200 feast<br />

feignant 1297 feign<br />

felon 1297 felon<br />

fige 1225 fig<br />

figure 1250 figure (n)<br />

fin 1200 fine (n)<br />

fol 1275 fool<br />

forest 1297 forest<br />

frere 1290 friar<br />

frire 1290 fry<br />

gaiole/ jaiole 1275 gaol/jail<br />

garison 1297 garrison<br />

gentil 1225 gentle<br />

goute 1290 gout<br />

governer 1297 govern<br />

grape 1290 grape<br />

habit 1225 habit<br />

hanche 1225 haunch<br />

heir 1275 heir<br />

erbe 1290 herb<br />

heresie 1225 heresy<br />

heritage 1225 heritage<br />

hermite 1205 hermit<br />

ommage 1290 homage<br />

hu/cri 1275 hue and cry<br />

image 1225 image<br />

emprisoner 1297 imprison<br />

encens 1290 incense<br />

enqueste 1290 inquest<br />

juel 1290 jewel<br />

giste 1294 joist<br />

juger 1290 judge<br />

jugement 1290 judgement<br />

lampe 1200 lamp<br />

lance 1290 lance<br />

largesse 1225 largesse<br />

lepre 1250 leper<br />

lecon 1225 lesson<br />

letter 1225 letter<br />

libel 1297 libel<br />

ma dame 1297 madam<br />

maladie 1250 malady<br />

manoir 1290 manor<br />

marbre 1290 marble<br />

mareschal 1258 marshal<br />

OF date MnE<br />

medecine 1225 medicine<br />

melodie 1290 melody<br />

messagier 1225 messenger<br />

menestre 1290 minister<br />

menestral 1225 minstrel<br />

musique 1250 music<br />

moustarde 1289 mustard<br />

moton 1290 mutton<br />

noble 1225 noble<br />

obédience 1200 obedience<br />

oignement 1290 ointment<br />

olive 1200 olive<br />

ordener 1290 ordain<br />

ornement 1225 ornament<br />

peine 1297 pain<br />

peindre 1290 painting<br />

palais 1290 palace<br />

pardon 1290 pardon.<br />

parc 1260 park<br />

parlement 1290 parliament<br />

parlur 1225 parlour<br />

persone 1250 parson<br />

perdriz 1290 partridge<br />

paveillun 1297 pavilion<br />

peneance 1290 penance<br />

pénitence 1200 penitence<br />

perche 1290 perch (stick)<br />

fisicien 1225 physician<br />

piler 1225 pillar<br />

pellori 1275 pillory<br />

pitet 1225 pity<br />

place 1225 place<br />

plate 1290 plate<br />

plaidier 1250 plead<br />

puison 1230 poison<br />

poure 1200 poor<br />

poure 1205 poor<br />

porche 1290 porch<br />

porc 1290 pork<br />

preier 1290 pray<br />

prechier 1225 preach<br />

prince 1225 prince<br />

prueve 1225 proof<br />

rançon 1225 ransom<br />

realme 1290 realm<br />

rebelle 1297 rebel (n)<br />

regne 1272 reign<br />

religiun 1200 religion<br />

remedie 1225 remedy<br />

remission 1225 remission<br />

repentir 1290 repent<br />

reverence 1290 reverence<br />

ribauld 1240 ribald<br />

rime 1200 rime<br />

rostir 1297 roast<br />

robe 1275 robe<br />

rousset 1275 russet<br />

sacrifice 1250 sacrifice<br />

sauf 1290 safe

---

Word lists – <strong>French</strong> <strong>loan</strong>-<strong>words</strong> - From Old English to Standard English 3 rd edition 3<br />

OF date MnE<br />

sauvacion 1225 salvation<br />

safir 1272 sapphire<br />

escarlate 1250 scarlet<br />

second 1297 second<br />

saisir 1290 seize<br />

sentence 1290 sentence<br />

sergent ) 1200 sergeant<br />

sermun 1200 sermon<br />

servant 1225 servant<br />

serfise 1200 service<br />

servise 1230 service<br />

sege 1225 siege<br />

simonie 1225 simony<br />

sire 1297 sir<br />

esclaundre 1290 slander<br />

esclave 1290 slave<br />

solas 1290 solace<br />

souverain 1290 sovereign<br />

espice 1225 spice<br />

espier 1250 spy (vb)<br />

esquier 1290 squire<br />

estat 1225 state<br />

statut 1290 statute<br />

estorie 1225 story<br />

14th century<br />

OF date MnE<br />

ajorner 1330 adjourn<br />

aministrer 1374 administer<br />

aorer 1305 adore<br />

aorner 1374 adorn<br />

avouterie 1366 adultery<br />

avocat 1340 advocate (n)<br />

ague 1377 ague<br />

alcali < Arabic al-qaliy 1386 alkali<br />

ligeance 1399 allegiance<br />

almande 1300 almond<br />

alum 1325 alum<br />

embusche 1380 ambush<br />

enoint 1303 anoint<br />

apotecaire 1366 apothecary<br />

aparail 1330 apparel<br />

apetit 1366 appetite<br />

apurtenance 1377 appurtenances<br />

armée 1386 army<br />

arainer 1325 arraign<br />

Arras 1397 arras<br />

arayer 1325 array<br />

arester 1325 arrest<br />

arsenic 1386 arsenic<br />

asise 1303 assize<br />

atourné 1303 attorney<br />

autorité 1375 authority<br />

award 1300 award (n)<br />

bacon 1330 bacon<br />

banissir 1375 banish<br />

baptesme 1325 baptism<br />

barre 1388 bar<br />

OF date MnE<br />

siwte 1297 suit<br />

sumunse 1290 summons<br />

soper 1275 supper<br />

surpliz 1290 surplice<br />

sustenaunce 1290 sustenance<br />

taster 1290 taste<br />

taxer 1290 tax (vb)<br />

temptaciun 1225 temptation<br />

torneiement 1225 tournament<br />

traitre 1225 traitor<br />

treison 1225 treason<br />

trinite 1225 trinity<br />

tyrant 1290 tyrant<br />

veile 1225 veil<br />

venesoun 1290 venison<br />

verdit 1297 verdict<br />

virgine 1200 virgin<br />

vertu 1250 virtue<br />

waitier 1200 wait<br />

wardein 1225 warden<br />

warant 1225 warrant<br />

wiket 1296 wicket<br />

OF date MnE<br />

baie 1385 bay<br />

boef 1300 beef<br />

bille 1377 bill (document)<br />

bescuit 1330 biscuit<br />

blanchir 1398 blanch<br />

blankete 1300 blanket<br />

bleu 1300 blue<br />

bonet 1375 bonnet<br />

bote 1325 boot<br />

brandissir 1325 brandish<br />

brême 1386 bream<br />

brocher 1330 broach (vb)<br />

boucle 1340 buckle (n)<br />

boton 1320 button<br />

caitif 1300 caitiff<br />

capitaine 1375 captain<br />

celer + -ing 1380 ceiling<br />

chaere 1300 chair<br />

chambre 1300 chamber<br />

chancel 1303 chancel<br />

chanter 1386 chant (vb)<br />

chacier 1314 chase<br />

eschec 1314 check<br />

eschec 1384 check<br />

cherise 1350 cherry<br />

esches 1300 chess<br />

chevron 1395 chevron<br />

cheminée 1330 chimney<br />

chevalerie 1300 chivalry<br />

cronicle 1303 chronicle<br />

cinnamome 1386 cinnamon

---

4<br />

Word lists – <strong>French</strong> <strong>loan</strong>-<strong>words</strong> - From Old English to Standard English 3 rd edition<br />

OF date MnE<br />

closet 1340 closet<br />

cote 1300 coat<br />

communion 1382 communion<br />

complaindre 1374 complain<br />

condemner 1300 condemn<br />

confection 1387 confection<br />

confesser 1386 confess<br />

contagion 1386 contagion<br />

contriciun 1300 contrition<br />

conversacion 1340 conversation<br />

convertir 1382 convert<br />

copier 1387 copy<br />

coruner 1325 coroner<br />

couche 1340 couch<br />

covrelit 1300 coverlet<br />

creme 1332 cream<br />

crime 1382 crime<br />

coupable 1303 culpable<br />

cortine 1300 curtain<br />

coissin, coussin 1340 cushion<br />

dalliance 1340 dalliance<br />

dampnacion 1300 damnation<br />

dancer 1300 dance (vb)<br />

dart 1314 dart (n)<br />

deien 1330 dean<br />

decré 1303 decree<br />

demesne 1300 demesne<br />

époser 1300 depose<br />

désolation 1382 desolation<br />

diamant 1310 diamond<br />

devin 1374 divine<br />

dresser 1330 dress<br />

duchesse 1300 duchess<br />

embellissir 1340 embellish<br />

embroder 1393 embroidery<br />

emeraude 1300 emerald<br />

enamayller 1325 enamel<br />

enamourer 1303 enamour<br />

encombrance 1314 encumbrance<br />

enemi 1300 enemy<br />

equité 1315 equity<br />

évidence 1300 evidence<br />

eschequier 1300 exchequer<br />

exil 1300 exile<br />

espondre 1300 expound<br />

feid 1300 faith<br />

façon 1300 fashion<br />

fleute 1384 flute<br />

forfet 1300 forfeit<br />

fraude 1330 fraud<br />

froc 1350 frock<br />

forrer (vb) 1300 fur (n)<br />

galoche 1377 galosh(es)<br />

garniment 1300 garment<br />

gernat 1310 garnet<br />

garite 1300 garret<br />

gartier 1350 garter<br />

gendre 1300 gender<br />

gobelet 1300 goblet<br />

OF date MnE<br />

gramaire 1362 gramnmar<br />

gruel 1362 gruel<br />

harneis 1330 harness<br />

hairon 1302 heron<br />

homicide 1382 homicide<br />

omelie 1386 homily<br />

(h)orrible 1303 horrible<br />

idiot 1300 idiot<br />

immortalité 1340 immortality<br />

enditer 1303 indict<br />

innocent 1340 innocent<br />

yvoire 1300 ivory<br />

jaunice 1303 jaundice<br />

jolivete 1300 jollity<br />

juste 1374 just<br />

kenil 1300 kennel<br />

las 1300 lace<br />

lanterne 1300 lantern<br />

lache 1331 latch<br />

lattis 1382 lattice<br />

lai 1330 lay<br />

lesse 1300 leash<br />

lettrun 1325 lectern<br />

legacie 1375 legacy<br />

leisir 1303 leisure<br />

liberté 1374 liberty<br />

lieutenant 1375 lieutenant<br />

lintel 1388 lintel<br />

littérature 1375 literature<br />

logique 1362 logic<br />

loigne 1302 loin<br />

lut 1386 lute<br />

makerel 1300 mackerel<br />

magique 1384 magic<br />

majesté 1300 majesty<br />

malart 1314 mallard<br />

mansion 1340 mansion<br />

majorane 1390 marjoram<br />

marchis 1330 marquess<br />

merveille 1303 marvel<br />

mastin 1330 mastiff<br />

mincier 1390 mince (vb)<br />

mirour 1315 mirror<br />

maistresse 1320 mistress<br />

mitre 1380 mitre<br />

mitaine 1386 mitten<br />

mote 1362 moat<br />

misterie 1315 mystery<br />

navie 1330 navy<br />

noun 1398 noun<br />

novisse 1300 novice<br />

nois mugue 1300 nutmeg<br />

officier 1325 officer<br />

oposer 1386 oppose<br />

oppresser 1340 oppress<br />

orenge 1300 orange<br />

ordenance 1390 ordnance<br />

oistre 1357 oyster<br />

oistre 1357 oyster

---

Word lists – <strong>French</strong> <strong>loan</strong>-<strong>words</strong> - From Old English to Standard English 3 rd edition 5<br />

OF date MnE<br />

paralisie 1300 palsy<br />

panel 1300 panel<br />

panetrie 1300 pantry<br />

papir 1341 paper<br />

parchemin 1300 parchment<br />

pastour 1362 pastor<br />

pastée 1300 pasty<br />

patremoine 1340 patrimony<br />

peche 1366 peach<br />

perle 1300 pearl<br />

per 1300 peer<br />

pelote 1362 pellet<br />

penne 1377 pen (writing)<br />

perjurie 1387 perjury<br />

pestilence 1303 pestilence<br />

peticiun 1330 petition<br />

fesant 1320 pheasant<br />

pinacle 1330 pinnacle<br />

plage 1382 plague<br />

plege 1386 pledge (n)<br />

pleurisie 1398 pleurisy<br />

plover 1312 plover<br />

plume 1399 plume<br />

poete 1300 poet<br />

porpeis 1309 porpoise<br />

porte coleice 1330 portcullis<br />

pouletrie 1386 poultry<br />

préface 1386 preface<br />

prérogative 1387 prerogative<br />

prologue 1300 prologue<br />

proprieté 1300 property<br />

prose 1330 prose<br />

poulet 1362 pullet<br />

quaille 1300 quail<br />

question 1375 question<br />

reisin 1300 raisin<br />

record 1300 record<br />

récréation 1390 recreation<br />

rédemption 1340 redemption<br />

rene 1300 rein<br />

remember 1330 remember<br />

retenue 1375 retinue<br />

retret 1300 retreat<br />

reveler 1325 revel<br />

reward 1340 reward<br />

romanz 1300 romance<br />

roial 1374 royal<br />

rubi 1310 ruby<br />

sacrilege 1300 sacrilege<br />

salade 1390 salad<br />

salarie 1377 salary<br />

samoun 1300 salmon<br />

saintité 1394 sanctity<br />

saintuarie 1340 sanctuary<br />

satin 1366 satin<br />

saussier 1300 saucer<br />

sauveour 1300 saviour<br />

sent 1375 scent<br />

ceptre 1300 sceptre<br />

OF date MnE<br />

escuelerie 1330 scullery<br />

cerchier 1330 search<br />

saisonner 1375 season (vb)<br />

secret 1399 secret<br />

segerstaine 1330 sexton<br />

single 1303 single<br />

escarmoche 1300 skirmish<br />

sobre 1338 sober<br />

soudier 1300 soldier<br />

sole 1347 sole (fish)<br />

solempne 1315 solemn<br />

espaignol 1386 spaniel<br />

esquirel 1366 squirrel<br />

estalon 1305 stallion<br />

estomac 1300 stomach<br />

estudier 1300 study (vb)<br />

esturgeoun 1300 sturgeon<br />

suget 1340 subject (n)<br />

subsidie 1380 subsidy<br />

sulfere 1300 sulphur<br />

surgien 1300 surgeon<br />

taffetas 1373 taffeta<br />

tasel 1300 tassel<br />

tenant 1325 tenant<br />

tenement 1325 tenement<br />

théologie 1362 theology<br />

thym 1398 thyme<br />

title 1300 title<br />

toster 1398 toast (vb)<br />

touaille 1300 towel<br />

tragedie 1374 tragedy<br />

triacle 1340 treacle<br />

tretiz 1374 treatise<br />

treté 1382 treaty<br />

trespasser 1303 trespass (vb)<br />

tripe 1300 tripe<br />

troter 1362 trot<br />

turqueise 1398 turquoise<br />

torete 1300 turret<br />

usurper 1325 usurp<br />

vencus 1330 vanquish<br />

vassal 1300 vassal<br />

vel 1386 veal<br />

vestement 1300 vestment<br />

vicare 1300 vicar<br />

vitaile 1303 victual(s)<br />

vyn egre 1300 vinegar<br />

viscounte 1387 viscount<br />

volum 1380 volume<br />

weitteor 1382 waiter<br />

warderobe 1387 wardrobe<br />

warenne 1377 warren

---

6<br />

15th century<br />

Word lists – <strong>French</strong> <strong>loan</strong>-<strong>words</strong> - From Old English to Standard English 3 rd edition<br />

<strong>French</strong> date MnE<br />

abhorrer 1449 abhor<br />

asemblee 1413 assembly<br />

bail 1400 bail<br />

columpne 1481 column<br />

compilation 1426 compilation<br />

condiment 1420 condiment<br />

courbe 1477 curb (n)<br />

en + hable 1460 enable<br />

garde 1426 guard (n)<br />

juree 1400 jury<br />

larcin + -y 1460 larceny<br />

limon 1400 lemon<br />

loialté 1400 loyalty<br />

manuvrer 1479 manoeuvre<br />

nitre 1400 nitre<br />

nutritif 1400 nutritive<br />

paisant 1475 peasant<br />

16th century<br />

<strong>French</strong> date MnE<br />

anatomie 1540 anatomy<br />

bâton 1548 baton<br />

chamois 1560 chamois<br />

coronnel 1548 colonel<br />

combat 1567 combat<br />

gaze 1561 gauze<br />

gentile 1599 genteel<br />

crotesque 1561 grotesque.<br />

<strong>French</strong> date MnE<br />

plaintif 1400 plaintiff<br />

public 1436 public<br />

punisement 1413 punishment<br />

repel 1483 repeal<br />

resonance 1491 resonance<br />

retrouver 1410 retrieve<br />

revenu 1422 revenue<br />

sable 1423 sable<br />

saussiche 1400 sausage<br />

estuver 1400 stew (vb)<br />

tarte 1400 tart<br />

terrier 1440 terrier (dog)<br />

umbrage 1426 umbrage<br />

velin 1430 vellum<br />

viril 1490 virile<br />

<strong>French</strong> date MnE<br />

machine 1549 machine<br />

mignon 1501 minion<br />

pillotte 1530 pilot<br />

pionnier 1523 pioneer<br />

saillie 1542 sally (n)<br />

scène 1540 scene<br />

trophée 1513 trophy<br />

vase 1563 vase<br />

Shakespeare’s use of the following <strong>words</strong> is the earliest recorded in the Oxford English Dictionary:<br />

1588 pedant (Fr pédant < Ital pedante)<br />

Loves Labours Lost iii. i. 179 I that haue beene… A domineering pedant ore the Boy.<br />

1607 reliance (rely < OF relier, + -iance)<br />

Timon of Athens ii. i. 22 My reliances on his fracted dates<br />

Haue smit my credit …<br />

Other 1600-49 adoptions from <strong>French</strong> included:<br />

<strong>French</strong> date MnE<br />

dessert 1600 dessert<br />

invalide 1642 invalid<br />

meslee 1648 mêlée<br />

repartie 1645 repartee<br />

reveillée 1644 reveillé

---

1650-1699<br />

Word lists – <strong>French</strong> <strong>loan</strong>-<strong>words</strong> - From Old English to Standard English 3 rd edition 7<br />

The evidence of these <strong>loan</strong>-<strong>words</strong> and those adopted in the following centuries suggests that <strong>French</strong><br />

<strong>words</strong> taken into English from this time tend to retain both their <strong>French</strong> spelling and, to some extent,<br />

pronunciation. The degree of “authentic” <strong>French</strong> pronunciation by English speakers seems to depend<br />

upon the social class of the speaker.<br />

<strong>French</strong> date MnE<br />

aide-de-camp 1670 aide-de-camp<br />

ballet 1667 ballet<br />

beau 1687 beau (n)<br />

champagne 1664 champagne<br />

chandelier 1663 chandelier<br />

commandant 1687 commandant<br />

envoi 1664 envoy<br />

gentil 1663 jaunty<br />

18th century<br />

<strong>French</strong> date MnE<br />

ménage 1698 ménage<br />

naîve 1654 naïve<br />

penchant 1672 penchant<br />

rapporter 1662 rapport<br />

salon 1699 salon<br />

soupe 1653 soup<br />

tête-d-tête 1697 tête-d-tête<br />

The pronunciation of most of these <strong>loan</strong>-<strong>words</strong> has not been assimilated into English like earlier ME<br />

borrowings. They are spoken with varying degrees of approximation to <strong>French</strong>, but with English<br />

stress patterns.<br />

amateur 1784<br />

bouillon 1725<br />

boulevard 1769<br />

brochure 1765<br />

brunette 1712<br />

bureau 1720<br />

chaperon 1720<br />

chiffon 1765<br />

chignon 1783<br />

chute 1725<br />

connoisseur 1714<br />

crêpe 1797<br />

débris 1708<br />

19th century<br />

café<br />

chef<br />

chic<br />

cigarette<br />

cliché<br />

communiqué<br />

20th century<br />

camouflage<br />

collage<br />

courgette<br />

déjà vu<br />

fuselage<br />

haute couture<br />

limousine<br />

rôtisserie<br />

coupé<br />

coupon<br />

crochet<br />

de luxe<br />

décor<br />

élite<br />

début 1751<br />

dénouement 1752<br />

détour 1738<br />

douche 1766<br />

encore (n) 1712<br />

entrée 1762<br />

etiquette 1750<br />

genre 1770<br />

glacier 1744<br />

hors d'oeuvre 1742<br />

morale 1752<br />

négligée 1756<br />

nuance 1781<br />

fiancé(e)<br />

fines herbes<br />

flair<br />

foyer<br />

hangar<br />

impasse<br />

laissez-faire<br />

liaison<br />

lingerie<br />

massage<br />

matinee<br />

menu<br />

passé 1775<br />

picnic 1748<br />

plateau 1796<br />

police 1716<br />

protégé 1778<br />

ration (n) 1720<br />

ravine 1781<br />

reservoir 1705<br />

rouge 1753<br />

souvenir 1775<br />

vignette 1751<br />

vis-à-vis 1757<br />

première (n)<br />

repertoire<br />

restaurant<br />

revue<br />

risqué<br />

suède<br />

surveillance<br />

chauffeur