2. INTRODUCTION
In teaching of language, writing is one of the basic skill to
be acquired by the student.
The student of the language writes alphabets first, then he
learns writing of words by combining different alphabets
and after that he is writing sentences and paragraph .
In composition composing of sentence based on some
ideas. Surely, composition is collection of sentences spun
around one idea.
3. TYPES OF COMPOSITION
REPRODUCTION EXERCISES OF COMPOSITION
GUIDED COMPOSITION
FREE COMPOSITION
CREATIVE WRITING
4. REPRODUCTION EXERCISES/ GUIDED
COMPOSITION/ CONTROLLED COMPOSITION
Guidance is provided by the teacher.
Guidance of vocabulary, structures, ideas is given to the
students by the teacher.
100% to 1% guidance is given.
Even if a little bit of guidance is given it is called guided
composition.
5. If 100% guidance is given by the teacher and
the students reproduce the material exactly the
same way it is called reproduction exercise.
Guided composition is also called controlled
composition, because there is control structures,
vocabulary, ideas etc. by the teacher.
6. EXAMPLES OF GUIDED COMPOSITION
1. Students are asked to read the paragraph and fill in
the blanks
eg: once a crow felt…… . He went in search of ……..soon
he saw a jug. It had a ……… water. He put the pebbles into
it. The…….. rose up. He drank…… and flew ……… .
2. A topic s given , the students are asked to speak or write.
Some guidelines or hint may be given to them.
eg: A Cow
A cow ………… useful animal. ……… gives us milk.
7. 3. The teacher gives some key word and the students
are asked to develop composition by using this
words.
eg: cycle, price, hero-make, new, red colour, small,
attractive, bell, opportunity for exercise, good for health.
(I have a cycle. It is new. It is hero-make. Its price is
rupees one thousand. It is of red colour. It has a small
attractive bell. The children like it. It gives opportunity
for doing exercise. It is good for health. I like it very
much. )
8. 4. The teacher gives a paragraph in past tense. He asks
the students to convert it into present tense.
eg: the students of our class made a noise. The teacher was
on leave. Soon the Headmaster came there. He asked the
monitor to take care of the class. Then all the students were
silent.
5. Match the sentence
column I column II
Neela was my student . He plays hockey everyday.
Mohan is a good boy. She is innocent.
9. 6. A number of interconnected questions are put to the
students. They are asked to give answers. The answer
given by the students form composition.
eg: (a) What is your name?
(b) What is your father name?
(c) Where do you live?
(d) How many brother do you have?
(e) In which school are you studying?
10. PRINCIPLES OF GUIDED COMPOSITION
1. Topic is choose according to the mental level of the
students. That way they will be interested.
2. The teacher explains to the students the detail of the
topic so that they may be fully familiar with it.
3. The teacher prepares the guideline according to which
the students move on with out facing any sorts of
problems.
11. 4. Vocabulary, structures etc. are given by the
teacher. The learner has to use them the way it is
required by the teacher. The teacher is putting
forth the string and the students go on putting
vocabulary and structures along with the lines.
5. All work is done orally and then writing work is
carried on. Drills are given if needed arises there
to.
12. FREE COMPOSITION
Here composition means doing composition work
freely and independently.
The learner is free to use any thoughts, structures,
vocabulary etc. no guidance of any type is
provided by the teacher.
Free composition may also be called as unguided
or uncontrolled composition.
13. A free composition is that which :
1. no restrictions on the pupils for the use of
vocabulary and structures.
2. no restrictions on the length of composition.
3. pupils are free to tackle the topic set for them.
4. pupils are forced to think freely.
14. H.Champian , says “ The ultimate aim of
composition is to enable the pupil to arrange his
own ideas in his own way, freely; to choose his
own word; to express his own ideas, freely ”.
Hence the term free composition.
15. GUIDED COMPOSITION TO FREE
COMPSITION
A good teacher adopts a strategy and then accordingly
he proceeds.
At initial stage he gives 100% guidance to the student.
Then gradually goes on decreasing the guidance to
students.95%, then 90%,80%,70% and so on.
Over the years he comes to a stage when the learners
don’t need any guidance.
This free composition stage is reached which is the
ultimate goal of teaching composition.
16. FREE COMPOSITION TO CREATIVE
COMPOSITION
At free composition stage , the learns are in a position
to develop composition without any guidance.
They become independent thinker’s and gradually they
become creative persons.
At that level, that can think of topic they are able to put
their ideas in very systematic manner.
17. CREATIVE WRITING
All type of writing gradually leads one to Creative type
of writing.
Guided composition enables a person to write free
composition and that paves way to Creative writing.
A person. Is enable to write reviews, short stories,
Dialogue writing etc. And that may be used in the
college magazine or published in somewhere in the
standard magazine.
18. WHICH TYPE OF COMPOSITION AT EARLY
STAGE?
Controlled composition is used because beginners cannot
write without any proper guidance.
Free composition can also be introduced , but it is not
advisable because it may lead to disastrous conclusion.
Free composition is possible through guided composition.
The more is the practice given in controlled composition at
the early stags, the better would be the students in
composition work.
19. DANGERS OF FREE COMPOSITION AT
EARLY STAGES
The students will compose in mother tongue and they
will start doing literal translation.
Structures and vocabulary are the basics of language
are not given any practice.
The learner will commit a number of errors and those
errors and those errors will be fixed in their minds.
20. The learners will memorise a number of topics for
composition work in the order to qualify the
examination.
Their will be heavy load of correction work on the part
of the teachers.
Introducing free composition at the lower level of
language learning is not useful.
The best approach is that controlled writing should be
started and that should gradually lead to the level of
free composition.
21. STAGES OF TEACHING COMPOSITION
Stages of teaching
composition
Pre-composition
stage
Oral composition
stage
Written compositions
stage
Correction work
Oral development of
composition by the
teacher
Oral development of
composition by the
students
22. PRE - COMPOSITION STAGE
It is the stage before teaching actual composition.
Here learners are taught some language items like
vocabulary, structures etc.
They learn new vocabulary with the help of already
learnt structures and new structures with the help of
grasped vocabulary.
23. For eg : if the teacher wants to introduce the topics ‘A
Chair’, ‘A Table’ to the students .
Before teaching the composition the teacher will
teach the words and structures which are to be made
use in the composition.
24. ORAL COMPOSITION STAGE
Whatever may be the topic is taken up for the
composition , it should be dealt with orally first.
This type of practice is quite useful at early stages.
Once the students are able to think and speak
orally, it will not make much time to write those
ideas in a clear and precise language.
25. ORAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOSITION
BY THE TEACHER
He can use some pictures and charts.
It will make his speaking more interesting and
learnable for the students.
The students are getting listening practice.
It is a sort of preparatory stage for the students where
after they will find it easy to speak on the same lines.
26. ORAL DEVELOPMENT OF
COMPOSITION BY THE STUDENTS
The students are given vocabulary, structures, ideas etc. by
the teacher.
The students develop the composition orally on the line
provided by the teacher.
Oral development by the students enable them to have
better grasp over the subject matter.
The development is made by the teacher, here the students
have to be more active.
27. WRITTEN COMPOSITION STAGE
The students are asked to write in their fair note-book in the
class.
The teacher will be present and supervising them.
Any hints or guide line on the chart, flashcards, chalk board
etc. should remain there at the initial stages of learning
composition.
Gradually the teacher will help them in growing
independently
28. CORRECTION WORK
Note-book of the students are collected by the teacher
for correction work.
If possible the teacher should corrections should be
made in the presence of the students.
Some of the common mistakes of the students should
be discussed in the whole class.
A parallel topic should be given as home work to the
students
29. CONCLUSION
Good composition work is in the hands of an efficient teacher,
which results in the effective learning of the language.
Only very few teachers are able to accept this challenging
task of teaching composition, remaining are asking the
students to copy down and cram the material.
Whatever may be the language, the poor learning or the
effective learning of the students lies in the teaching process
of the teacher.
