Anatomy of hippocampus ( radiology )
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Anatomy of hippocampus ( radiology )
- 2. introduction • Hippocampus is a curved structure on the medial aspect of temporal lobe that bulges into floor of temporal horn. • Hippocampus – seahorse • Curved shape which resembles a shape of a seahorse.
- 3. • Consists of two interlocking U shaped gray matter structures – Hippocampus proper ( Ammon horn) Superolateral, upsidedown U. – Dentate gyrus Inferomedial U
- 4. Anatomic divisions Head ( Pes hippocampus ) • most anterior part, oriented transversely • 3 – 4 digitations on superior surface. Body • Cylindrical, oriented parasagittally. Tail • Most posterior, narrows then curves around splenium to form indusium griseum above cc.
- 6. Hippocampus sulcus • The hippocampal sulcus, also known as the hippocampal fissure, is a sulcus that separates the dentate gyrus from the subiculum.
- 7. Based of histology – Cornu Ammonis (CA) • • • • CA1 CA2 CA3 CA4 – Dentate Gyrus • Fascia Dentata • Hilus (region CA4)
- 9. relationship • Medially, the ambient cistern which separates the hippocampus from brainstem. • Choriodal fissure and temporal horn superiorly. • Parahippocampal gyrus inferiorly. • temporal horn of lateral ventricle laterally.
- 12. amygdala / hippocampal head • The best landmark for separating amygdala from hippocampus is the anterior temporal horn, known as the uncal recess. • The amygdala is always superior to the temporal horn.
- 14. hippocampal head • morphology: hippocampal digitations, (pes hippocampus) • landmarks – basilar artery to interpeduncular cistern.
- 16. hippocampal body – Morphology: Swiss roll appearance, of two interlocking U-shaped structures (cornu ammonis and dentate gyrus) – landmark: • The hippocampal body is oval and found adjacent to the brainstem • The white matter tracts of the alveus and fimbria are superior to the hippocampus.
- 18. hippocampal tail • morphology: smaller and harder to describe internal structure. • landmarks – The hippocampal tail is demonstrated as it ascends posterior to the brainstem. – from the point at which the fornix can be seen in full profile.
- 20. Best choice of imaging • MR in a slightly oblique plane, perpendicular to long axis of hippocampus. – Coronal T1 weighted – Coronal T2 high resolution – Coronal FLAIR.
- 21. MRI imaging
- 22. Amygdala lies anterior &superior to hippocampus, at medial aspect of temporal lobe. Tail of caudate nucleus ends in amygdala. Pes hippocampus (hippocampal head) lies just posterior to amygdala.
- 23. Digitations of the hippocampal head (pes hippocampus). The hippocampus is separated from amygdala by uncal recess of temporal horn. The uncinate gyrus connects medial hippocampus with amygdala.
- 24. Hippocampal body is bordered medially by ambient cistern & laterally by temporal horn of lateral ventricle.
- 25. Hippocampal fissural cyst is normal variant ( incomplete fusion of hippocampal sulcus )
- 26. Image at posterior thalamus shows tail of hippocampus. Tail is narrowest portion of hippocampus as it extends posteriorly.
- 27. Image through splenium of corpus callosum shows fimbria as it becomes crus of fornix. Two crus of fornix unite to form commissure of fornix (hippocampal commissure).
- 28. Zoomed image of coronal view
- 31. Uncus the medial most structure, lateral to it is the amygdala which is superior to temporal horn
- 32. The uncal recess separates the amygdala from hippocampal head
- 33. Tail is narrowest portion of hippocampus as it extends posteriorly.
- 34. Sagittal section the whole of hippocampus is seen posterior to temporal horn