Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: The Basics of Prompt Design"
Promoting amicable settlement at the local level the barangay justice service
1. American International Journal of Social Science Vol. 3, No. 3; May 2014
Promoting Amicable Settlement at the Local Level: The Barangay Justice Service
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System Methodology
Dr. Radzak Abag Sam
Senior Lecturer
School of Social Sciences
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Malaysia
Solayha Abubakar-Sam
Asst. Professor
Mindanao State University-Maguindanao
Philippines
Abstract
This paper discusses the methodology adopted in the implementation of “Barangay Justice Service System (BJSS)
Project in Maguindanao Province from 2003 to 2007. There were five modules covered in the project
implementation such as: Katarungan Pambarangay; Counselling; Mediation, Para Legal; and Shariah or P.D.
1083, known as “The Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines.” Lectures, workshops, case analyses and
role play were the main methods used in the series of trainings/seminars conducted for the implementation of this
project. As envisioned, cases filed at the regular courts were reduced substantially based on the records,
especially those of civil cases that were within the jurisdiction of the Katarungan Pambarangay level. They
were already taken cared by the barangay officials who underwent the BJSS training/seminars. A more improved
and systematic ways of settling disputes at the local level were also established, and these were evident with the
proper documentations and records of cases, and settlements which were not properly given due importance in
the past administration justice at the barangay level. Finally, the success of the project is not only attributed to
the support of the local leaders, but most especially the community residents who have been very cooperative in
all the phases of the project implementation due to its relevance, and responsiveness in seeking a speedy, and
impartial delivery justice services at the local level.
Keywords: Philippine Justice System Methodology at the Local Level
Introduction
Promoting amicable settlement at the local level is an alternative mechanism adopted to expedite the resolution of
cases filed by disputing parties at the local level. This is also used an option to reduce the thousands of cases filed
in the Philippine regular courts which are unattended and seemed to be dormant. The lack of court judges and
inability of the disputing parties to pay the lucrative lawyers’ fees are the common reasons used to explain the
slow pace of justice in the Philippine justice system.
However with the interventions of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) whose main focused was to capacitate
individuals handling cases at the local level, the problem on the slow pace of justice at the community local level
seemed to find appropriate solution. More specifically, with the financial support of United States for
International Development (USAID), in partnership with the Jerry Roxas Foundation Inc., (JRF) and the
Maguindanao Foundation for Good Governance and Development Incorporated (MFGGFI), a project called
“Barangay Justice Service System (BJSS)” was implemented in Maguindanao Province, whose main purpose
was to complement the peace and development initiatives of the government by providing awareness and easy
access to justice service at the local level.
3. American International Journal of Social Science Vol. 3, No. 3; May 2014
These activities were facilitated by experts from the academe, and practitioners who were tapped by MFGGDI to
undergo BJSS trainers’ training in Capiz, IloIlo, Philippines in 2003. There were five modules covered in the
project which include:
1. KatarunganPambarangay
2. Mediation
3. Counselling
4. Para-legal
5. Shariah – P.D. 1083 or the “Code of Muslim Personal Laws”
How are these module implemented?
Module 1 - The Katarungan Pambarangay
Contrary to some doubts that the “Katarungan Pambarangay” or Barangay Justice would overhaul the existing
community structure and practices in dispute settlement at the local level, this module did not intent to change
those practices; rather it institutionalized them by providing more systematic processes for amicable settlement
so that the case result would become more convincing and acceptable to the disputing parties.
In the previous practice, local disputes were brought to the most recognized and respected leader of the
community for settlement. Usually these leaders were the elders of prominent and influential families who have
gained higher respect among the local residents. They became leader because of their wide experience and social
status in the community. The dispensation of justice is based largely on the experience of these leaders in
handling cases and with consultation with the Council of Elders. Often time, justice is served through fair trial in
the traditional way, but in instances where the disputing parties were not contended of the decision, it has no
specific processes or rules to follow that guarantee for a fair resolution, acceptable to the disputants. Further, the
traditional practices were not keen on providing documentation and records of case proceedings, and
subsequently its resolution. The leader acts as the “living witness “that is, he guarantees the implementation of
whatever is the result of the case.
Under the Katarungan Pambarangaylaw or P.D 1508 , while these traditional practices remained as the basis of
this law, it has substantial improvements on the content2. The law specified the steps and processes necessary in
the pursuit of a fair, just and inexpensive amicable settlement in three levels:
First, the Punong Barangay (village head) will conciliate the two disputing parties on his own capacity as head of
the community. He would try to convince these parties for an amicable settlement on the issues that become
source of conflict between them. He would promote the spirit better neighborhood in the community as one
family in order to settle the case.
Second, if the Punong Barangay failed on his attempt to conciliate the two disputing parties, he will organize the
so called “Lupon Tagapamayapa” or peace seeking committee, a group of 10 to 20 persons tasked to assist him
in settling the case amicably. He chairs this Lupon with the following functions:
1. Receive all complaints, written or verbal, filed by individuals against other persons who are subject to
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amicable settlement;
2. Summon respondents, with notice to the complainants for them to appear before him/her for mediation;
3. Resolve the issue of venue of settlement and refer any legal question to the Secretary of Justice or his/her
duly designated representative;
4. Arbitrate and render an arbitration award when agreed by the conflicting parties;
5. Constitute the Pangkat ng Tagapagkasundo should he fail to settle the parties;
6. Appoint the members of the Pangkat should the parties fail to agree on the composition of the three-member
Pangkat by drawing of lots;
7. Administer oaths in connection with any matter relating to all proceedings in the effective implementation of
the Katarungang Pambarangay;
8. Set the time, date and place of hearing, and preside over the monthly meeting of the lupon;
9. Prepare the agenda of each meeting;
2See the KatarunganPambarangay law, P. D. 1508, and the Local Government Code of 1991.
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By experience, the traditional practices popularized the concept of “advice- giving”, which means that when there
are problems, like disputes or misunderstanding between two or more individuals, or between neighborhood in
the community, the leaders, or the parents themselves give advises for solution, either solicited or not.
However, so to speak, this is not to say that the wisdom of advice-giving is not good or nor helpful. In many
instances, this process has also been tested and proven to be valuable in many situations.
Contrary to the most common process of advice- giving, the Counselling Method is far different. Under the BJSS
methodology, the Barangay Officials were trained and subsequently re-tooled for the use of a more systematic
approach in dealing with problematic persons. This is done through verbal, and face to face communication. It is
a skill to be developed that one has to nurture, and continuously practice to become more effective in dealing with
complex problems. The following are the steps in the Counselling processes adopted:
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STEP 1: Welcome the counselee; build rapport, establish your goals; set time agreement
STEP 2: Move into counseling for Emotional Release
STEP 3: Get the facts. Distinguish between the facts and the counselee’s inferences or assumptions
STEP 4: Help the counselee identify next steps/possible solutions
STEP 5: Come to agreement. Share positive and negative consequences
STEP 6: End the session by affirming the counselee, bolstering his/her spirit.6
The aforementioned steps were just a patterned and they may not be at all the time followed sequentially.
However what is very crucial here is the ability of the Counsellor, in particular, these Barangay Officials to listen
to the grievances of the problematic person; process them through emotional healing, so that they could elicit
from their clients possible ways or alternatives for coping up with the situation based on other experiences in the
past. If the clients have limited options to solve the problem, the Counsellor may assist and help by citing similar
situations he knew in the past, and apparently, how those situations were overcome by the concerned individuals.
Listening skills of the Counsellor in this process has to be developed in order to get a complete grasp of the
situations being experienced by the problematic persons or clients. Apparently, the Counsellor could cite some
“eye-opener” alternatives if he has the complete picture of the problematic situation. These things however are
achieved if Counsellor has developed listening skills and understanding. Therefore, the Counsellor in this process
simply helps and acts as a facilitator.
Module 4 - Para Legal
The Para-Legal method was emphasized as the last option left for the disputing parties to seek justice under the
Philippine Judicial System. This is where the provisions of the law prevail based on the rules of evidences
presented before the regular trial court for arraignment purposes
However, under the BJSS methodology, filing of cases directly to the court is highly discouraged. Cases that are
subject of Katarungan Pambarangay could only be elevated to the regular court if all the necessary remedies
provided under the KP Law have been exhausted, and did not work. If these requirements are not properly
observed, much more if there is no certification issued by the Pangkat Secretary attested by the Chairman, and
duly endorsed by the Punong Barangay, the court will return back the case to the barangay concerned7.
The Para Legal method did not intent to make these barangay officials to become expert of law because law
profession under the Philippine Educational System is completed in four years period. What was emphasized
here, however, was at least for them to gain understanding of how Philippine Laws worked, and how cases filed
in the regular trial court prosper under specific court jurisdiction.
Subject areas covered in this component included Civil and Criminal Procedure, Family Code, and Human
Rights. However while all these areas were interesting, the barangay officials became more attentive to the
discussions on Human Rights due to its relevance and necessity that everyone especially the conflict –affected
areas should be aware of.
6 See Counseling Manuals provided by the GRF.
7Cases subject to KP Law jurisdictions are those whose liability for imprisonment do not exceed one year, and whose
penalty do not exceed P500.00: Please see KP Implementing Rules and Regulations or R.A. 7309.
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Concluding Impression
The implementation BJSS became successful in Maguindanao Province as evident in the gradual reduction of
cases filed in the regular court. Most cases, especially those at the jurisdiction of Katarungan Pambarangay were
already taken cared by barangay officials who have attended the series of BJSS trainings/seminars. Using
methods such as lectures, workshops and presentations, case analyses and role play the five modules such as
Katarungan Pambarangay, Counselling, Mediation, Para-legal and the Shariah or RA1053 known as the “Code of
Muslim Laws in the Philippines,” were adopted in the local communities. The recipient barangay officials have
also improved significantly their system of handling disputes at the local level using amicable settlement as a
method and as an alternative. Apparently, justice became inexpensive and accessible for every member of the
community. Consequently, this process resulted to the decongestions of cases filed at the Regular Trial Court.
References
Barangay Justice Service System (BJSS) Manual of Operation for Mediation Road Map.
Barangay Justice Service System (BJSS) Manual of Operation forKatarunganPambarangay.
Barangay Justice Service System (BJSS) Manual of Operation for Counseling.
Nolledo, J. N., The Local Government Code of 1991or R.A 7160
P.D. 1508 or the KatarunganPambarangay Law
P.D.1083, or “The Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines."
R.A. 7309, KP Implementing Rules and Regulations.
Villarin, T., KatarungangPambarangay: Making it Work.
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