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GRAMMAR:
Use of Hyphens
in
Medical Writing
Nouns Combined With Adjectives
• Some nouns are combined with adjectives to indicate the condition of a person, place or thing
• Such combinations are hyphenated, such as cholesterol-induced, antibiotic-resistant, water-
soluble
– The first word in such combinations is always a noun which is followed by an adjective
Examples:
– The compound used for stabilizing the growth media is water-soluble (Not watery-soluble)
– Transcutaneous ultrasonography is useful for studying peripheral blood flow, particularly in the
assessment of endothelium-mediated vasodilation (Not endothelial-mediated)
Nouns Combined With Nouns
• Nouns which are linked to nouns usually indicate that they are of equal value, or that they have
some common characteristics
Example:
– His knowledge as a researcher-debater-educationist shows his hard work in his field of study
• Note that the slash mark (/) should not be used in noun-noun combination as it will indicate
that the words are separated, and not connected with each other
Example:
– His knowledge as a researcher/debater shows his hard work in his field of study
Numerals and Hyphens
• Hyphens are used for writing the quantity in numerals, such as 3.5-fold, 15-fold etc.
• When writing spelt-out words, hyphens are not used, such as threefold, tenfold etc.
Examples:
– A threefold decrease in the growth of bacteria was observed in cell-culture media containing
antibiotics
– Due to increased use of organic manures, the nutritional value of the lentils has increased 2-
fold
To Hyphenate, or
Not to Hyphenate!
Hyphens and Prefixes
• A hyphen is used when a proper noun, or an adjective follows a prefix
Examples:
– Anti-inflammatory agents, post-mortem, anti-social behavior etc.
• Some words starting with re- should be hyphenated to avoid ambiguity
Examples:
– Re-creation, re-mark, re-solve etc.
Non-breaking Hyphens
• Are used to avoid breaking of a text the end of a line
• Not really a hyphen; it is a command not to hyphenate
– A non-breaking hyphen in front of a word, or a group of characters, such as a phone number,
web address or email address, will not let the characters be hyphenated
• Can be inserted in a word document:
– By: Ctrl + shift + hyphen, or
– By selecting: Insert > Symbol> Special Characters > Non breaking Hyphen from the main
menu
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Grammar: Use of Hyphens In Medical Writing

  • 2. Nouns Combined With Adjectives • Some nouns are combined with adjectives to indicate the condition of a person, place or thing • Such combinations are hyphenated, such as cholesterol-induced, antibiotic-resistant, water- soluble – The first word in such combinations is always a noun which is followed by an adjective Examples: – The compound used for stabilizing the growth media is water-soluble (Not watery-soluble) – Transcutaneous ultrasonography is useful for studying peripheral blood flow, particularly in the assessment of endothelium-mediated vasodilation (Not endothelial-mediated)
  • 3. Nouns Combined With Nouns • Nouns which are linked to nouns usually indicate that they are of equal value, or that they have some common characteristics Example: – His knowledge as a researcher-debater-educationist shows his hard work in his field of study • Note that the slash mark (/) should not be used in noun-noun combination as it will indicate that the words are separated, and not connected with each other Example: – His knowledge as a researcher/debater shows his hard work in his field of study
  • 4. Numerals and Hyphens • Hyphens are used for writing the quantity in numerals, such as 3.5-fold, 15-fold etc. • When writing spelt-out words, hyphens are not used, such as threefold, tenfold etc. Examples: – A threefold decrease in the growth of bacteria was observed in cell-culture media containing antibiotics – Due to increased use of organic manures, the nutritional value of the lentils has increased 2- fold
  • 5. To Hyphenate, or Not to Hyphenate! Hyphens and Prefixes • A hyphen is used when a proper noun, or an adjective follows a prefix Examples: – Anti-inflammatory agents, post-mortem, anti-social behavior etc. • Some words starting with re- should be hyphenated to avoid ambiguity Examples: – Re-creation, re-mark, re-solve etc.
  • 6. Non-breaking Hyphens • Are used to avoid breaking of a text the end of a line • Not really a hyphen; it is a command not to hyphenate – A non-breaking hyphen in front of a word, or a group of characters, such as a phone number, web address or email address, will not let the characters be hyphenated • Can be inserted in a word document: – By: Ctrl + shift + hyphen, or – By selecting: Insert > Symbol> Special Characters > Non breaking Hyphen from the main menu
  • 7. Turacoz Skill Development Program 973, H-block First Floor Sector-7, Dwarka, New Delhi-110075. +91 – 9810036125 011 – 47039856 hello@turacoz.in www.tmedicalwritingtraining.com Thank you