2. Printing:
Printing can also be defined as localized dyeing.
Defined as the application of dye or pigment in a
different pattern on the fabric and by subsequent
after treatment of fixing the dye or pigment to get a
particular design.
Sometimes a printed fabric can be identified by
looking at the back side of fabric where there is no
design or color as face side.
In cotton, dyes like vat, reactive are used
In manmade, dyes like disperse and cationic are
used
3. DIFFERENT STYLES OF
PRINTING
There are three basic approaches to printing a color on
a fabric
1. DIRECT PRINTING
2. DISCHARGE PRINTING
3. RESIST PRINTING
4. DIRECT PRINTING
In this type of printing dye is applied onto the
fabric by carved block, stencil, screen, engraved
roller etc.
The dye is imprinted on the fabric in paste form
and any desired pattern may be produced
Example:-Block Printing, Roller Printing, Screen
Printing etc.
8. BLOCK PRINTING
It is the oldest and simplest way of printing
In this method a wooden block with a raised pattern on the surface
was dipped into the printing colorant and then pressed face down
on to fabric.
The desired pattern was obtained by repeating the process using
different colors.
Generally the wooden block is carved out of hand
Printing is done manually
10. BLOCK PRINTING
ADVANTAGES
1. Simple method of printing
2. No expensive equipment
required
3. No limitation in repeat of size of
style
4. Prints produced have great
decorative value and stamp of
craftsmanship
DISADVANTAGES
1. Involves much manual work
2. Method is slow and therefore low
output
3. Good skilled labors needed for
multi color design
4. Fine and delicate designs hard to
produce
11. ROLLER PRINTING
It is the machine method of printing designs on
cloths by engraved rollers.
The design is engraved on the surface of a metal
roller, to which dye is applied, and the excess is
scraped off the roller's surface, leaving dye in the
engraved sections. When it rolls across the fabric,
the dye on the roller transfers to the fabric.
14. ROLLER PRINTING
ADVANTAGES
1. Large quantities of fabric at the
rate of 914-3658m per hour can
be printed.
2. Faulty joints or joint marks are
absent.
3. Fine sharp outlines and good
prints can be obtained which is
difficult to get in block printing.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Not economical for short run of
fabrics.
2. Difficult to produce blotch
designs.
3. Repeat of design limited to the
size of the rollers.
4. Setup cost of roller printing m/c is
high
15. STENCIL PRINTING
It is one of the oldest way of printing.
In it color is applied to the fabric by brushing or
spraying the interstices of a pattern cut out from a
flat sheet of metal or waterproof paper or plastic
sheet or laminated sheet.
A stencil is prepared by cutting out a design from a
flat sheet of paper, metal, or plastic.
17. STENCIL PRINTING
ADVANTAGES
1. Simple and cost effective.
2. Stencils can be made rapidly
and can be used for small
orders.
3. Color combination is good in
it.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Good design is difficult to
obtain.
2. Process is laborious.
3. Not suitable for large scale
production.
18. SCREEN PRINTING
Involves the application of the printing paste through a fine screen
placed in contact with the fabric to be printed.
A design is created in reverse on the screen by blocking areas of the
screen with a material such as an opaque paint.
The screen is then placed over the fabric and the printing paste is
forced through the open areas of the screen using a flexible synthetic
rubber or steel blade known as a squeegee.
19.
20. SCREEN PRINTING
ADVANTAGES
1. Simple and cost effective.
2. Quick pattern making
3. 16 colors can be used in a
design.
4. Sharp lines and features easily
produced.
DISADVANTAGES
1. For high production large no.
of tables required.
2. Delicate shading difficult to
obtain.
3. Screen clogging may be
there in fine areas.
21. FLAT-SCREEN PRINTING
It is the advanced version of screen printing by using
automatic m/c to do work
It consists of printing table, conveyor belt, number of
screens, mechanism to print on the fabric, etc.
First the fabric is brought on the printing table
through a feeding arrangement and it is gummed
to the conveyor belt on the table
22. Flat Screen Printing:
Conveyor brings fabric periodically under screen
and stops while the screen are lowered on the
required parts of the fabric.
Printing paste is distributed throughout the full length
of the screen.
The squeeze is pressed to the screen .
One or more strokes of the squeeze ensure
simultaneous printing of the pattern by the common
action of all screens which applies printing paste as
required by the color in the design.
24. FLAT SCREEN PRINTING
ADVANTAGES
1. Greater production than
manual screen printing
2. Printing with different repeat
can be made easily
3. Good print is obtained
DISADVANTAGES
1. A big setup required for more
number of screens
2. Prints with more colors may
not be possible
3. Printing paste not evenly
controlled
25. ROTARY SCREEN PRINTING
Rotary screen printing involves a series of revolving
metal cylinder , each with revolving screens, each
with a stationary squeegee inside which forces the
print paste onto the fabric.
Twenty or more colors can be printed at the same
time.
The process is much quicker and more efficient than
flat screen printing .
