Building Telecommunication System Part 1

BUILDING TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEM (Part 1)
Fundamentals of
Telecommunications Systems
• Telecommunication – it is the transmission,
emission, or reception of signs, signals, writing,
images, sounds, or information of any nature
by wire, radio, optical, or other
electromagnetic systems.
• Telecommunication system – uses electricity,
light (visible and infrared), or radio waves to
transmit signals that carry voice and data
transmissions. Telecommunications systems
maybe analog or digital.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK
a collection of communication equipment and devices
that are interconnected so they can communicate in
order to share data, hardware, and software or perform
an electronic function.
The network includes a series of connecting points
called nodes (e.g., a telecommunication terminal such as
a telephone receiver or computer) that are
interconnected with cables (wiring).
Network Topology
• it describes the configuration of a

network, including its nodes,
connecting cables and equipment.
• It describes the manner in which
the cable is run to individual
workstations on the network.
TYPES OF NETWORKS
• Local Area Networks (LAN)
• Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)
• Wide Area Networks (WAN)

Local Area Networks (LAN)
- connect computers and hardware such as printers located relatively
close together and sharing resources, equipment, and files
- LANs are used in building telecommunication systems.
- Types of LANs include the Ethernet, ARCnet, and Token Ring, each
having their own method of transmitting data.
Local Area Networks (LAN)
Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)
- connect computers
and hardware such as printers
located in a geographic region
of the size of a metropolitan
area.
Wide Area Networks (WAN)
- a telecommunications
network that extends over a large
geographical area for the primary
purpose of computer networking.
TRANSMISSION MEDIA
- path through which a signal is sent through a telecommunications
network
- The transmitting medium used in networks can be copper wire, glass, or

plastic (fiber optic cable), and air (microwave and radio wave).
Transmission Media
• Cable – it is the most common medium through which voice and data
usually move from one network device to another.
• Coaxial cable or coax – is a type of electrical cable consisting of an inner
conductor surrounded by a concentric conducting shield, with the two
separated by a dielectric (insulating material); many coaxial cables also
have a protective outer sheath or jacket.
• Optical fibers – are long, thin strands of very pure silicon glass or plastic
about the diameter of a human hair.
• Wireless – is a term used to describe telecommunications in which
electromagnetic waves (instead of some form of wire) carry the signal.
TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA
• Copper Wiring
• Coaxial Cable
• Optical Fibers
• Wireless
Copper Wiring
- has been the principal telecommunications transmission medium
- consists of one or more pairs of solid copper wires
• Twisted Pair Cable
- consists of pairs of copper wires that are twisted to certain

specifications.
Copper Wiring
- Each pair is twisted with a
specified number of twists per inch
to help eliminate interference from
adjacent pairs and other electrical
device
- the tighter the twisting, the higher the supported transmission rate but
the greater the cost
Copper Wiring
- Two versions of twisted pair cable are Unshielded Twisted Pair(UTP)
and Shielded Twisted Pair(STP) Wirings.
Coaxial Cable
- has two conductors: an inner solid wire surrounded by an outer braided
metal sheath
- The conductors both run concentrically along the same axis; thus the
name coaxial (COAX).
- Several coaxial cables can be arranged in bundles protected by an outer

sheathing, called a jacket.
Coaxial Cable
- Common types of coaxial cable:
Coaxial Cable
- Common types of coaxial cable:
Coaxial Cable
The primary types of coaxial cabling are :
1. Thin coaxial cable is also referred to as

thinnet.
- Thinnet is about 1⁄4 inch (8 mm) in

diameter and is very flexible. It looks like
regular TV cable.
Coaxial Cable
2. Thick coaxial cable is referred to as thicknet.
- Thick coaxial cable has an extra protective plastic cover that helps
keep moisture away from the center conductor. This makes thick coaxial a
better choice when running longer lengths in a linear network.
- Thicknet is not commonly used except as a backbone within and

between buildings.
Coaxial Cable
3. Triax cable
- a type of coax cable with an additional outer copper braid insulated

from signal carrying conductors.
- It has a core conductor and two concentric conductive shields.

Coaxial Cable
4. Twin axial cable (Twinax)
- is a type of communication transmission cable consisting of two

center conductors surrounded by an insulating spacer, which in turn is
surrounded by a tubular outer conductor
Optical Fibers
- are long, thin strands of very pure silicon glass or plastic about the
diameter of a human hair
- A single optical fiber consists of three elements:
1. core - the thin glass center of the fiber where the light travels
2. cladding - the outer material surrounding the core that reflects the
light back into the core
Optical Fibers
3. buffer coating - a plastic
coating that protects the fiber
from damage and moisture
Optical Fibers
- Hundreds or thousands of optical fibers
are arranged in bundles called optical
cables.
- The cable’s outer sheathing, called a

jacket, protects these bundles.
Wireless
- a term used to describe telecommunications in which electromagnetic
waves (instead of some form of wire) carry the signal
- Wireless communications can take several forms: microwave,

synchronous satellites, low-earth-orbit satellites, cellular, and personal
communications service (PCS).
Wireless
- There are two types of wireless networks,
1.peer-to-peer wireless network – consists of a number of

computers, each equipped with a wireless networking interface card
2.access point or base station wireless network - has a computer or

receiver that serves as the point at which the network is accessed

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BUILDING TELECOMMUNICATION

• it describes the configuration of a

• Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)

• Wide Area Networks (WAN)

- LANs are used in building telecommunication systems.

- The transmitting medium used in networks can be copper wire, glass, or

- consists of one or more pairs of solid copper wires

• Twisted Pair Cable

- consists of pairs of copper wires that are twisted to certain

- Several coaxial cables can be arranged in bundles protected by an outer

1. Thin coaxial cable is also referred to as

- Thinnet is about 1⁄4 inch (8 mm) in

- Thicknet is not commonly used except as a backbone within and

- a type of coax cable with an additional outer copper braid insulated

- It has a core conductor and two concentric conductive shields.

- is a type of communication transmission cable consisting of two

- A single optical fiber consists of three elements:

- The cable’s outer sheathing, called a

- Wireless communications can take several forms: microwave,

1.peer-to-peer wireless network – consists of a number of

2.access point or base station wireless network - has a computer or

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