Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Principle and Instrumentation of Coulometry

    Uploaded by

    neha tariq
    12K views15 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    12K views15 pages

    Principle and Instrumentation of Coulometry

    Uploaded by

    neha tariq

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 15

    Presented to: Sir Ali Rizwan

    Presented by: Neha Tariq


    BS Chemistry
    Roll No. 21
    Subject: Electroanalytical Techniques
    Topic: Principle and
    Instrumentation of
    Coulometry
    Contents
     Coulometry
     Principle
     Instrumentation
     Coulometric techniques
     Potentiostatic Coulometry
     Amperostatic Coulometry
     Advantages
    Coulometry

     Coulometry is an analytical method for determining the quantity of a


    substance, based on the strict proportionality between the extent of a
    chemical change and the quantity of electricity involved (Faraday’s law).
     This method is the measurement of the quantity of the electricity.
     This is mainly estimated by the reaction of electrode.
    Principle

    The main principle involved in the coulometry is the measurement of the


    quantity of the electricity which is directly proportional to the chemical
    reaction at the electrode. This is given by the Faraday's first law:

    where Q is the consumed current; Mr is the relative molecular weight.


    Instrumentation

     In the instrumentation of the coulometry, mainly two types of electrodes


    are used:
     One is the reference electrode and another is the working electrode.
     Generally saturated calomel electrode is used as the reference electrode.
     Platinum hydrogen electrode is used as the working electrode.
    Instrumentation
    The apparatus used in the coulometry is as follows:

    Working electrode
    Reference electrode
    Instrumentation

     It consists of the working electrode and the reference electrode and these
    electrodes are connected to the coulometer.
     Two electrodes are immersed in the sample solution which can be
    measured.
     Then the constant potential or constant current is passed through the
    electrode.
     Next, the chemical reaction takes place at the working electrode and is
    compared with that of the reference electrode.
     The completion of the reaction is indicated by the decrease of the current
    which is measured by the coulometer.
    Coulometric techniques
    There are mainly two types of coulometric techniques

    • Electric current remains


    Amperometric constant
    Coulometry

    • Electric potential remains


    Potentiostatic constant
    Coulometry
    Potentiostatic Coulometry
     A three-electrode potentiostat is used to set the potential in controlled potential
    coulometry.
     The working electrode is either a platinum or a liquid mercury electrode.
     The auxiliary electrode is very often made of platinum and is separated by a salt bridge
    from the analytical solution.
     A saturated calomel or silver chloride electrode serves as the reference electrode.
     During the electrolysis process, the analyte's concentration in the solution decreases, and
    as a consequence the electrolysis rate decreases.
    Amperostatic Coulometry

     Controlled-current coulometry is carried out using an amperostat


    composed of a working electrode, often made of platinum, and a counter
    electrode.
     This counter electrode can be isolated from the analyte by a salt bridge.
     The setup also needs an accurate clock for measuring the electrolysis time
    and a switch for starting and stopping the electrolysis.
    Potentiostatic coulometry

     Long analysis time (i.e. between


    30 and 60 min)
     Accuracy 0.5% is achievable

    Amperostatic coulometry

     Shorter analysis time (i.e. <10 min)


     Accuracy of 0.1%–0.3% is feasible
    Advantages
    Controlled-potential coulometric
     concentration of more than 50 chemical elements
     trace metals and halides ions.
     determination of uranium and plutonium
     measurement of oxygen content.
    Controlled-current Coulometry
     more versatile
     used in a wider range of applications.
     determine concentrations of water on the order of milligrams per liter in
    substances such as butter, sugar, cheese, paper, and petroleum.
     measure the thickness of metallic coatings.
    References

     https://www.britannica.com/science/coulometry
     http://rxpharmaworld.blogspot.com/2016/12/coulometry.html?m=1
     https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/pharmaceutical-
    analysis/9789332515659/xhtml/chapter020.xhtml
     https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/coulometry

    You might also like