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Turkish! However, there are many verb forms to learn. At least they're fairly well ordered....
This uses -mek, and is the form found in the dictionary anlamak = to understand grmek = to see gitmek = to go okumak = to read There are several ways of modifying verbs to produce related words. !ome of these begin to show how comple" verbs, e"pressed as phrases in #nglish, are made by combining suffi"es. $resumably a large dictionary would cover these other forms, but you often have to %de&construct your own... Negative '' -me- or infre(uently -mezo )or most tenses, add -megrmek * +to see+ grmemek * +not to see+ o )or the general %or aorist& tense only, add -mez- in place of the characteristic aorist -(i)r- suffi", e"cept for the ,st person, where it is -ust -me-. Ahmet yazr * Ahmet is a writer. Ahmet yazmazr * Ahmet is not a writer. Barinikov dans etir. iz, enatr !u"ayl, siz dans etmezsin. Baryshnikov is a dan#er. But you, enator $uayle, you are not a dan#er. Passive '' -n- or -il- or -ino )or verb stems ending in vowels, add -nokumak * +to read+, okunmak * +to be read+ o )or verb stems ending in consonants other than l, add -ilvermek * +to give+, verilmek * +to be given+ o )or verb stems ending in l, add -in%ilmek * +to know+, %ilinmek * +to be known+ Causative '' -dir- or -t- or -ito .ost verbs add -dir%ilmek * +to know+, %ildirmek * +to inform+ or +to announce+ o /erbs ending in a vowel, or l, or r, add only -tanlamak * +to understand+, anlatmak * +to e"plain+ o /erbs ending in 0 or 1 add -iri&mek * +to drink+, i&irmek * +to cause or make to drink+ o A few monosyllable verb stems ending in k add -it-. o 2oubly causative verbs are possible 'imek * +to cook+ %intransitive, the meat cooks&
'iirmek * +to cook+ %transitive, the chef cooks the meat& 'iirtmek * +to have something cooked+ lmek * +to die+ ld(rmek * +to kill+ ld(rtmek * +to have someone killed+ Higher'order causation is grammatically possible, but stilted ld(rtt(rmek * +to get someone to have someone killed+, or to get someone else to hire a hitman. ld(rtt(rtmek * the same thing but one more step removed, +to get someone to get someone to have someone killed+, or to get someone else to contact an agency to have them hire the hitman. Reflexive '' -ino giymek * +to wear clothes+ o giyinmek * +to dress oneself+ o giyindirmek * +to dress someone else+ o giyindirilmek * +to be dressed by someone else+ o giyindirildirmek * +to be forced to be dressed by someone else+ Verbs f !utual a"ti # '' -io grmek * +to see+ o gr(mek * +to see one another+ or +to converse+ o gr((lmek * +to be conversed about+ o gr(t(rmek * +to make to converse with one another+ gr(t(r(lmek * +to be made to converse with one another