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    It will help you to study Turkish Grammar in a easy way.

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    193 views2 pages

    Basics of Turkish Grammar

    Uploaded by

    youngfaisal
    It will help you to study Turkish Grammar in a easy way.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    BASICS OF TURKISH GRAMMAR Verbs If you ignore verbs, the preceding pages contain about all there is to learning

    Turkish! However, there are many verb forms to learn. At least they're fairly well ordered....

    This uses -mek, and is the form found in the dictionary anlamak = to understand grmek = to see gitmek = to go okumak = to read There are several ways of modifying verbs to produce related words. !ome of these begin to show how comple" verbs, e"pressed as phrases in #nglish, are made by combining suffi"es. $resumably a large dictionary would cover these other forms, but you often have to %de&construct your own... Negative '' -me- or infre(uently -mezo )or most tenses, add -megrmek * +to see+ grmemek * +not to see+ o )or the general %or aorist& tense only, add -mez- in place of the characteristic aorist -(i)r- suffi", e"cept for the ,st person, where it is -ust -me-. Ahmet yazr * Ahmet is a writer. Ahmet yazmazr * Ahmet is not a writer. Barinikov dans etir. iz, enatr !u"ayl, siz dans etmezsin. Baryshnikov is a dan#er. But you, enator $uayle, you are not a dan#er. Passive '' -n- or -il- or -ino )or verb stems ending in vowels, add -nokumak * +to read+, okunmak * +to be read+ o )or verb stems ending in consonants other than l, add -ilvermek * +to give+, verilmek * +to be given+ o )or verb stems ending in l, add -in%ilmek * +to know+, %ilinmek * +to be known+ Causative '' -dir- or -t- or -ito .ost verbs add -dir%ilmek * +to know+, %ildirmek * +to inform+ or +to announce+ o /erbs ending in a vowel, or l, or r, add only -tanlamak * +to understand+, anlatmak * +to e"plain+ o /erbs ending in 0 or 1 add -iri&mek * +to drink+, i&irmek * +to cause or make to drink+ o A few monosyllable verb stems ending in k add -it-. o 2oubly causative verbs are possible 'imek * +to cook+ %intransitive, the meat cooks&

    'iirmek * +to cook+ %transitive, the chef cooks the meat& 'iirtmek * +to have something cooked+ lmek * +to die+ ld(rmek * +to kill+ ld(rtmek * +to have someone killed+ Higher'order causation is grammatically possible, but stilted ld(rtt(rmek * +to get someone to have someone killed+, or to get someone else to hire a hitman. ld(rtt(rtmek * the same thing but one more step removed, +to get someone to get someone to have someone killed+, or to get someone else to contact an agency to have them hire the hitman. Reflexive '' -ino giymek * +to wear clothes+ o giyinmek * +to dress oneself+ o giyindirmek * +to dress someone else+ o giyindirilmek * +to be dressed by someone else+ o giyindirildirmek * +to be forced to be dressed by someone else+ Verbs f !utual a"ti # '' -io grmek * +to see+ o gr(mek * +to see one another+ or +to converse+ o gr((lmek * +to be conversed about+ o gr(t(rmek * +to make to converse with one another+ gr(t(r(lmek * +to be made to converse with one another

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