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    Otbo bounding discontinuities define Depositional Sequences. If they are isochronous then they can be used for correlation. How are sequence bounding unconformities recognized and correlated in different places?

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    Otbo bounding discontinuities define Depositional Sequences. If they are isochronous then they can be used for correlation. How are sequence bounding unconformities recognized and correlated in different places?

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    859 views22 pages

    Allostratigraphy - Sequence Stratigraphy

    Uploaded by

    hdbermudez
    Otbo bounding discontinuities define Depositional Sequences. If they are isochronous then they can be used for correlation. How are sequence bounding unconformities recognized and correlated in different places?

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 22

    Allostratigraphy/Sequence Stratigraphy

    ‡ Subdivision of the stratigraphic record otbo × 


       
    
    ‡ Bounding discontinuities define
       
    
    
    
    ² relatively conformable successions of genetically related strata
    bounded by unconformity or correlative conformities

    „
    c 
    ¦tility of Depositional Sequences
    ‡ If bounding discontinuities are produced by
    isochronous events (at least basin-wide) then these
    material (or non-material) features can be used for
    correlation since they are    .
    ‡ How are sequence bounding unconformities
    recognized and correlated in different places?

    c
    c 
    Discontinuities in the Stratigraphic Record that
    Define "     
    ‡ Stratigraphic contacts
    ² £  º
    ² Strata is parallel on either side of contact
    ‡ Continuous depositionº
    ² Gradational, intercalated, abrupt
    ‡ Diastemº
    ² Small scale, obscure discontinuity in
    sediment accumulation caused by an hiatus
    (time interval without deposition)
    ‡ Paraconformityº
    ² No physical evidence of diastem but with significant geological time missing
    ‡ Disconformityº
    ² Bedding is parallel on either side of an irregular surface produced by (subaerial) exposure and
    erosion

    |
    c 
    Aggradation, Progradation, and
    Retrogradation
    ‡ Stacking patterns of sedimentary basin fill due
    to relative sea level and sediment input
    influence on accommodation
    ² Aggradation
    ² Progradation
    ² Retrogradation


    c 
    Aggradation

    ‡ Sediment input ~
    accommodation
    ² Not common for
    long periods

    Y
    c 
    Progradation/Regression

    ‡ Sediment input >


    accommodation
    ² Facies prograde
    and shift offshore
    ‡ Regression

    [
    c 
    Forced Regression

    ‡ Rapid Relative Sea


    Level Fall
    ² ´Negative
    accommodationµ
    ² Facies shift basinward
    ² Erosion occurs in
    landward areas
    ‡ Regression and
    ¦nconformity Surface

    ]
    c 
    ëransgression/Retrogradation

    ‡ Relative Sea Level


    Rise
    ² Accommodation
    created in excess of
    sediment input
    ² Facies shift landward

    M
    c 
    Effects of Changing Accommodation on the
    Stratigraphic Record
    ‡ ëransgression/Regression
    ² Water depth/shoreline changes
    
     

     from vertical
    changes in grain size (C¦S/F¦S)
    or sedimentary facies in local
    sections
    ‡ Onlap/Offlap
    ² Landward/basinward shift in
    shoreline due to relative sea
    level change
    ² ëhe fundamental geometric
    aspect of the sedimentary
    record upon which relative sea
    level change is interpreted

    w
    c 
    Wheeler Diagrams
    ëime/Space relationships of ¦nconformity
    ‡ Space/Space Stratigraphic
    Cross Section

    ‡ ëime/Space
    Chronostratigraphic Chart

    „
    c 
    Allostratigraphy and Lithostratigraphy
    ‡ Lithostratigraphy maps sedimentary rocks solely on the basis of
    their lithology and does not necessarily consider that these rocks
    may have accumulated over different periods of time (diachronous
    lithostratigraphic units)
    ² ´Lithostratigraphyµ often ignores significant breaks in the sedimentary section,
    including those caused by unconformities, omission surfaces, ravinement surfaces,
    and flooding surfaces

    a 
      
    
    
    
    
      

    „„
    c 
    Allostratigraphy and Lithostratigraphy
    ‡ Allostratigraphy maps rock units on the basis of the timing of their
    accumulation
    ² Allostratigraphy (sequence stratigraphy) uses a framework based on
    surfaces of erosion and non-deposition (sequence boundaries), and flooding
    (transgressive surfaces and/or maximum flooding surfaces [mfs]) that can be
    recognized in 2-D and 3-D seismic, well log data, and outcrops

    a 
      
    
    
    
    
      

    „c
    c 
    
       c „
    „|
    c  
        
    „ww
    Cycles of Relative Sea Level
    Change

    
       c „

    „www
    „
    c 
    Depositional Sequences
    ‡ Relatively Conformable ‡ Depositional Sequences are
    ‡ Genetically Related (abide by Chronostratigraphic ¦nits
    Walther's Law) ² the defining Sequence Boundary defines older
    (below) and younger (above) strata
    ‡ Bounded by ¦nconformity or
    Correlative Conformity ‡ Chronostratigraphic ¦nits
    ² isochronous with respect to ² geological time significant
    unconformity

    „Y
    c 
    Depositional Systems ëracts
    ‡ ¦se of Depositional Sequence concepts to predict
      
    
    
    ² ëhree dimensional
    assemblage of
    sedimentary facies
    genetically linked by
    their origin in related
    depositional
    environments
    ² Basically Waltherian
    World

    „[
    c 
    Low Stand Systems ëract
    ‡ Forced Regression
    ‡ Subaerial exposure and formation of a
    
    
    
      
    ‡ Offlap
    ‡ Basinward shift in facies belts

    „]
    c 
    ëransgressive Systems ëract
    ‡ Retrogradation
    ‡ Flooding of the shelf and onlap
    ‡ Landward shift in facies belts

    „M
    c 
    *aximum Flooding Surface
    Condensed Section
    ‡ Between ëSë and HSë (highstand systems tract)
    ‡ Represented by a change from retrogradation to
    aggradation/progradation
    ‡ ëhe surface or thin succession characterized by evidence for
    slow rates of sedimentation

    „w
    c 
    Highstand Systems ëract
    ‡ Progradation (accommodation < sediment input)
    ‡ Regressive successions
    ‡ Onlap and offlap/down-lap

    c
    c 
    *ajor Sequence Stratigraphic and
    Chronostratigraphic Surfaces

    o  
    c„
    c  
       
    
    Stratigraphic Expression of
    Relative Sea Level Cycles
    ‡ ëhe Sequence *odel
    ² A tool for predicting
    stratigraphic architecture
    ² *ethodology for basin wide
    correlation
    ² *ay be used for interregional
    correlation through recognition
    of Eustatic Cycles

    cc
    c 

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