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    Para-Lec Discussion

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    7K views4 pages

    Parasitology-Definition of Terms

    Uploaded by

    John Henry G. Gabriel IV
    Para-Lec Discussion

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 4

    PARASITOLOGY

    DEFINITION OF TERMS
    WHAT IS PARASITOLOGY?
    PARASITOLOGY is the science that deals with organisms that take up their abode
    temporarily or permanently, on or within other living organism for the purpose of procuring
    food and shelter

    PARASITE, PARASITISM, PARASITEMIA

     PARASITE – is a weaker organism that depends on another organism for food and
    shelter
     PARASITISM – association of two different specie where one lives at the expense of
    another
     PARASITEMIA – presence of parasites in the blood

    TYPES OF ASSOCIATION OF LIVING ORGANISM

     SYMBIOSIS- Two living organism of different specie are dependent on each other
     MUTUALISM- Both benefit from each other
     COMMENSALISM- One benefit ; one not harmed or injured
     PARASITISM- One benefit; one is living in the expense of others

    KINDS OF PARASITE

     Endoparasite  Spurious parasite


     Ectoparasite  Intermittent parasite
     Obligatory parasite  Permanent parasite
     Facultative parasite  Coprophilic parasite
     Periodic parasite  Hematozoic parasite
     Transitory parasite  Cytozoic parasite
     Incidental parasite  Coelozoic parasite
     Erratic parasite  Enterozoic parasite
     Pathogenic parasite  Pseudoparasite
     Non-pathogenic parasite

    According to habitat

     Endoparasite - a parasite living INSIDE the body


     Ectoparasite – parasite living OUTSIDE the body

    According to needs for a host

     Obligatory parasite – a parasite that NEEDS A HOST at some stages of its life cycle
     Facultative parasite – a parasite that MAY SURVIVE IN A FREE-LIVING STATE or MAY
    BECOMEPARASITIC WHEN THE NEED ARISE
    According to pathogenicity

     Pathogenic parasite – a parasite that CAUSES INJURY to the host


     Non-pathogenic parasite – a parasite that DOES NOT CAUSE INJURY to the host

     Spurious Parasite – parasite of other animals which passes thru the human body
    (stomach) without causing injury or damage

     Intermittent Parasite – parasite that visits and leaves the host at intervals. Also known
    as temporary parasite.
    Example: mosquito

    According to periodicity

     Permanent parasite – a parasite that lives its whole life (hatching until death) in a
    single host but eggs or cyst are to be transferred to a new host before a second
    generation develops
     Periodic Parasite – parasite in which larval stage develops in host different from that
    of an adult
     Incidental Parasite – a parasite which occurs occasionally in an unusual host.
    Example: Ancylostoma caninum
     Erratic Parasite – it is the parasite that fixed in an organ or habitat which is not its
    usual habitat
    Example: Ascaris lumbricoides

    According to their

     Coprophilic parasite – it is a protozoan organism which is able to live and multiply in


    moist fecal matter outside the body.
     Hematozoic parasite – is a parasite living inside a red blood cell
    Example: Malaria
     Cytozoic Parasite – is a parasite living inside the cell or tissue.
    Example: Isospora hominis
     Coelozoic parasite – it is the parasite living in body cavities
    Example: Acanthocheilonema perstans, Mansonell ozzard
     Enterozoic parasite – it is the parasite living inside the lumen of the intestines
     Pseudoparasite – artifact mistaken as parasite
    Example: Blastocystis hominis

    INFECTION vs INFESTATION

     INFECTION – is the entry and development or multiplication of a pathogen INSIDE the


    body of man or animals
     INFESTATION – it is the lodgment, development and reproduction of arthropods ON
    THE SURFACE of the body or in the clothing of man or fur of animals
    What is a HOST?
    -It is the living organism that harbors the parasite

    KINDS OF HOST
    DEFINITIVE HOST RESERVIOR HOST
    INTERMEDIATE HOST PARATENIC HOST
    1ST Intermediate Host DEAD-END HOST
    2nd Intermediate Host

    KINDS OF HOST
     DEFINITIVE (PRIMARY HOST) - is the host in which SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT and
    multiplication of the parasite takes place
    Example: Mosquito  Malaria
     INTERMEDIATE (SECONDARY HOST) - Is the host where ASEXUAL state of the parasite
    takes place
    1ST Intermediate Host – EARLY LARVA stage of the parasite
    2nd Intermediate Host – INFECTIVE LARVA to the definitive host
     RESERVIOR HOST - Is the host that harbors the same specie of parasite as may man
    Example: PIG Balantidium coli
     PARATENIC HOST - is the host that harbors the parasite in ARRESTED
     STATE of development, however the parasite is able to continue the cycle in a
    subsequent suitable host
     DEAD-END HOST (INCIDENTAL HOST) - host that does generally not allow transmission
    to the definite host, thereby preventing the parasite from completing its development
    Examples: humans Echinococcus canine tapeworms.

    VECTORS
    - These are animate or inanimate object that carries the infective stage of the
    parasite

     BIOLOGICAL VECTOR – transmit the parasite only after it has completed its
    development inside the host
     MECHANICAL / PHORETIC VECTOR – just transport the parasite

    Stages of Life for a parasite


     OVUM – is the female germ cell while still within the uterus
     EGG – is the female germ cell outside the uterus
     EMBRYO – it is the early developing stage of the parasite
     LARVA – it is the early and usually is the feeding stage of the parasite after embryo
     TROPHOZOITE – it is the active, vegetative stage of a protozoan. Also known as the
    pre-cyst stage.
     CYST – it is the non-motile, non-feeding latent stage of certain protozoa. It is
    surrounded by a thick wall to prevent dehydration.
    Parasite transformation
    ENCYSTATION – trophozoite to cyst
    Changes:
    1. Size: big small
    2. Motility: motile non-motile
    3. Food vacuole: present absent
    4. Wall covering: thin thick
    EXCYSTATION – cyst to trophozoite

    MODE OF REPRODUCTION

    SEXUAL
     Oviparous – parasite lays egg  hatch OUSIDE the host body
     Oviviparous – parasite lays egg  hatch INSIDE the host body
     Viviparous – bears living young, instead of laying eggs

    ASEXUAL
     Binary fission – This separates the parent cell into two nearly equal daughter cells,
    each having a nuclear body
     Parthenogenic – female parasite produce eggs without being fertilized by a male

    Epidemiology
     SPORADIC – disease which occurs OCCASIONALLY in ONE OR FEW members of the
    community
     ENDEMIC – a disease which occurs more or less CONSTANTLY in a PARTICULAR
    community

     EPIDEMIC – a REGIONAL OUTBREAK of the disease usually affecting many individuals


    and spreading over a wide area
     PANDEMIC – is WORLDWIDE EPIDEMIC of the disease

    Other words related to parasitology

    SAPROPHYTES - organism that grows on and derives its nourishment from dead or decaying
    organic matter.

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