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  • DEGLUTITION

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    187 views11 pages

    DEGLUTITION

    Uploaded by

    ductility

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 11

    DEGLUTITION

    Means swallowing of food,occurs in three stages . 1-Oral stage: when food enters pharynx from mouth. 2-Pharyngeal stage: when food enters esophagus from pharynx. 3-Esophageal stage: when food enters stomach from esophagus .

    Oral stage:-Is voluntary stage, food is rolled into bolus by mastication and it passes through oral cavity into pharynx as: -bolus is placed over posterodorsal surface of tongue -anterior part of tongue is retracted and depressed . -posterior part of tongue is elevated and retracted against hard palate.

    PHARYNGEAL STAGE:
    Is an involuntary stage. in this stage bolus is pushed from pharynx into esophagus. pharynx is common passage for food and air so various movements are coordinated such that food enters only esophagus and prevent its entrance to other parts as

    --back into mouth by position of tongue against soft palate and high intra oral pressure. - Bolus into nasopharynx is prevented by elevation of soft palate. - Bolus into the larynx is prevented as- Approximation of vocal cards. - Forward and upward movement of larynx. - Back ward movement of epiglottis. - So other passages closed, food pass through esophagus . - The upper 3 4 Cm of esophagus relax which is formed by cricopharyngeal muscle- called upper esophageal sphincter.

    ESOPHEGEAL STAGE. Is involuntary stage. Esophagus transport bolus from pharynx to stomach. - When bolus reaches esophagus peristaltic waves initiated, which propel the bolus into stomach. - peristaltic waves are two typesI. Primary peristaltic waves. II. - Secondary peristaltic waves.

    Primary peristaltic waves. When bolus reaches upper esophagus the primary peristaltic waves start, which passed down through the esophagus propelling the bolus into stomach. Secondary peristaltic waves. They arrives in esophagus locally due to distention of upper esophagus by the bolus, which pass down like primary waves. If Primary waves are unable to propel the bolus, the secondary waves push the bolus into stomach.

    DEGLUTITION REFLEX
    -

    Initially swallowing is voluntary act but latter becomes involuntary and carried out by reflex action called deglutition reflex. - when bolus enters oropharyngeal region, receptor stimulated.

    Afferent fibers pass via glossopharyngeal nerve fibers to deglutition center which lies at the floor of 4th ventricle in medulla. - efferent fibers from deglutition center travel through glassopharyngeal and vagus nerves to reach soft palate, pharynx and esophagus.

    The glossopharyngeal nerve concerned with pharyngeal stage of swallowing while vagus nerve esophageal stage. - The reflex causes upward movement of soft palate to close nasopharynx and upward movement of larynx to close respiratory passage so the bolus enter esophagus.

    DYSPHAGIA.

    - Means difficulty in swallowing.


    It can be - mechanical obstruction. - Neurological causes. ACHALASIAIs due to failure of lower esophageal sphincter to relax during swallowing so accumulation of food occurs in esophagus.

    GERD - Characterized by regurgitation of acidic gastric contents into esophagus which is due to weakness of lower esophageal sphincter. Its features are heart burn, dysphagia, cough and esophageal ulcer.

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