Lost in the Glare: Understanding Light Pollution in Bangladesh

As Bangladesh progresses economically and undergoes significant urbanisation, an unforeseen consequence has arisen - the escalating issue of light pollution. Artificial illumination is crucial for urban development and safety; yet, the excessive and inappropriate utilisation of light has resulted in a troubling environmental problem. Light pollution has adverse effects on both our capacity to enjoy the night sky and our health, while also causing disruptions to ecosystems and unnecessary energy consumption. The presence of light pollution in Bangladesh is becoming more apparent, prompting inquiries into the necessity of implementing effective steps to reduce its effects.

Types of Light Pollution

1. Skyglow

Skyglow is the result of the scattering and reflection of artificial light by particles in the air, which produces a luminous glow that masks the inherent darkness of the night sky. Skyglow is a widespread problem in urban regions of Bangladesh, particularly in major cities such as Dhaka and Chittagong, which hinders the observation of stars and celestial objects.

2. Light Trespass

Light trespass is the term used to describe the undesired or obtrusive illumination that spills into places where it is unnecessary. Overabundant outside illumination emanating from streetlights, billboards, and structures has the potential to intrude into residential regions, disturbing the essential absence of light required for a restful sleep and influencing the instinctive patterns of nocturnal creatures.

3. Glare

Glare occurs when intense, uncontrolled light makes it challenging to see in low-light conditions. High-intensity lights used in commercial and industrial areas contribute to glare, causing discomfort for pedestrians, drivers, and residents.

Environmental and Health Impacts

1. Ecological Disruption

Light pollution has the ability to disrupt the balance of natural ecosystems and negatively impact species. Animals that are active throughout the night and depend on darkness may modify their behaviour or living environments in response to excessive artificial illumination. The migratory patterns, reproductive behaviour, and eating habits of birds, insects, and other nocturnal species may suffer adverse effects.

2. Human Health Concerns

Prolonged exposure to artificial light at night can disturb the circadian cycle, resulting in sleep disturbances and a range of health problems. Research indicates that extended exposure to intense illumination during nighttime is associated with heightened susceptibility to sleeplessness, obesity, and mental health concerns.

3. Energy Waste

Inefficient or inadequately built outdoor lighting contributes to the unnecessary consumption of electricity. In a nation such as Bangladesh, where energy resources are scarce, taking measures to combat light pollution can lead to substantial energy conservation and diminish the environmental impact linked to energy generation.

Mitigation Strategies

1. Proper Outdoor Lighting Design

To mitigate light pollution, it is beneficial to employ outdoor lighting systems that direct light specifically to targeted areas and employ shields to minimise the scattering of light. Utilising energy-efficient LED lighting with reduced colour temperatures can further aid in mitigation endeavours.

2. Community Awareness and Education

It is imperative to increase awareness on the consequences of light pollution. Public awareness on the significance of appropriate lighting practices can be enhanced through community-based projects, workshops, and educational campaigns.

3. Policy Implementation

Incorporating light pollution regulations into urban planning and development policies can provide a legal framework for controlling outdoor lighting. Implementing lighting ordinances and guidelines can help ensure that new infrastructure projects prioritize minimizing light pollution.

Conclusion

As Bangladesh continues its journey towards development, addressing the issue of light pollution becomes imperative. Balancing the need for artificial illumination with the preservation of natural darkness is essential for the well-being of both humans and the environment. Through a combination of responsible lighting practices, public awareness, and policy initiatives, Bangladesh has the opportunity to create a more sustainable and harmonious relationship between artificial light and the natural beauty of the night sky.