Science Vocabulary
Published on Nov 25, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
DOMINANT TRAIT
- In genetics, a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it. ( Compare recessive trait.)
CHROMOSOMES
- a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
TRAITS
- a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person. "he was a letter-of-the-law man, a common trait among coaches" synonyms:
HEREDITY
- the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.
GENE
- (in informal use) a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. "proteins coded directly by genes"
RECESSIVE TRAIT
- a trait that must be contributed by both parents in order to appear in the offspring. Recessive traits can be carried in a person's genes without appearing in that person.
ALLELE
- one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
PUNNETT SQUARE
- The Punnett square is a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
PHENOTYPE
- the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
GENOTYPE
- the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
HOMOZYGOUS
- having the two genes at corresponding loci on homologous chromosomes identical for one or more loci.
HETEROZYGOUS
- The genetics term heterozygous refers to a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive — they're different.
DNA
- deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
PROKARYOTE
- a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles. Prokaryotes include the bacteria and cyanobacteria.
EUKARYOTE
- an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria.
