Anonymous Italian-Turkish Dictionary From the Marsigli Collection in Bologna EWA SIEMIENIEC-GOŁAŚ ANONYMOUS ITALIAN-TURKISH DICTIONARY From the Marsigli Collection [ffil AKADEMICKA KRAKÓW in Bologna Reviewer dr hab. Grażyna Zajqc Copyright t Ewa Siemieniee-Golaś. Kraków 2015 Editor Jan Czekalski Cover design Magda Dębicka The publication is published both in print and in electronic version The printed version is primary This volume was published w ith the financial support of the f aculty of Philology. Jagiellonian University in Cracow ISBN 978-83-7638-481-8 KSIĘGARNIA AKADEMICKA ul. św. Anny 6. 31-008 Kraków tel./faks 12-431-27-43, 12-421-13-87 e-mail: akademicka^akademicka.pl Internet bookshop: www.akademicka.pl TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface.......................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................. 9 Part I Introduction................................................................................................................ 1. Description of the manuscript....................................................................... 2. The author and the age of the manuscript.................................................. 3. The contents of the manuscript.................................................................... 4. Remarks on the transcription system used by the author........................ 11 11 14 16 23 Part II Dictionary................................................................................................................... 27 Part III Instead of the Conclusion......................................................................................... 169 Part IV References................................................................................................................... Abbreviations............................................................................................................. 173 175 Part V Facsimile..................................................................................................................... 177 DOI: 10.12797/9788376384818.01 Preface When discussing various human discoveries one can unhesitatingly say that they often occur as the result of fortune, or in other words, by chance. This statement also concerns the manuscript discussed in the present work. Several years ago, during a visit to the library of the University of Bologna, among the collection of oriental manuscripts preserved there, we found, by chance, a very interesting oriental dictionary. We are not going to describe precisely this visit, or rather visits, in Biblioteca Universitaria di Bologna) It is enough to say that direct contact with this unusual literary work12 kindled a strong desire for re­ search. Some time after this “discovery” a paper concerning this very manuscript was published,34 and a presentation on the subject was also given at a certain turcological conference. However, several years had passed from the first visit to the library of the University of Bologna until the moment when we resumed the work on the manu­ script. The reason for this long break lies in the difficulty in reading the manu­ script. Initially, the manuscript,which we officially received from the library for research purposes, was only accessible in microfilm format. Only when new digi­ talizing techniques were introduced did faster work on the manuscript become possible. Also, some advice given by two librarians from the library, whom we mention in the Acknowledgements, appeared to be very helpful and invaluable. The manuscript constitutes a hand-written, anonymous dictionary prepared in the Italian language with a translation into Turkish/ The aim of this work is to render accessible the Turkish vocabulary included in this manuscript, and to present it together with the description of the manuscript. 1 Almost ten years after the first visit to the library of the University of Bologna we returned to this place in order to glance over the manuscript once more and to examine with great eare the watermarks imprinted in the pages of the manuscript. In the further part of the present work reference is made to the explanation of why this manuscript proved to be peculiar. See: References 4 More details on this subject in Part I of the work. 8 Preface In the introductory part (Part I) of our work, one can find information concern­ ing the collection of manuscripts to which the anonymous dictionary' belongs. This part also includes a description of the anonymous work presenting its contents and the system of transcription used by the author, w ith its characteristic spelling fea­ tures. Part II comprises the dictionary of the Ottoman Turkish material excerpted from the manuscript, transcribed and arranged in the Latin alphabet order. In con­ trast to the arrangement in the original manuscript, the Italian commentary goes after the Turkish words. Therefore, the dictionary constituting the second part of this work is not Italian-Turkish but Turkish-Italian. Needless to say, for the purpose of studying this work, all its contents, except words written exclusively in Arabic letters, have been rewritten in order to be read in the proper direction; that is, from left to right. Additionally, Turkish equivalents have been added, in some cases with ex­ planatory remarks. The subsequent parts of the work include Part III (Instead of the conclusion), Part IV (References, Abbreviations) and Part V (Facsimile). Acknowledgements 1 would like to express my gratitude to two librarians working in the department of manuscripts in the Biblioteca Universitaria di Bologna. The first librarian, whose name remains unknown and who during my work on the manuscript suggested an inspection of its watermarks as one of the helpful methods needed to determine the age of the historical, dateless documents. The other - Mr Franco Pasti - rendered the manuscript accessible to me sev­ eral times when I returned once again to the university library in Bologna in order to examine the exterior of the manuscript. My thanks also go to Professor Kinga Paraskiewicz (Jagiellonian University, Kraków) who consulted some words from the lexical content of the manuscript whose origin was probably Persian. DOI: 10.12797/9788376384818.02 Part I Introduction "Mutual contacts and interests of various character between Turks and Ital­ ians since the Turkish settlement of Anatolia have brought about results, which include different dictionaries and grammars" (E. Siemieniec-Golas 1998: 237-244). 1. Description of the manuscript The manuscript which we have at our disposal belongs, as it has already been men­ tioned, to the collection of oriental manuscripts preserved in the so-called Marsigli Collection5 of Biblioteca Universitaria di Bologna. The present manuscript has the form of a dictionary with the title Vocabulario Italiano-Turchesco. However, the title is not original. It was the author of the cata­ logue of oriental manuscripts collected in the aforementioned library who gave this very title to the manuscript. Before we focus on the work itself, let us present in a few words the catalogue of oriental works collected in the library of the University of Bologna. The catalogue itself, entitled Catalogo De ' Manoscritti Orientals che si con­ servons nella Biblioteca della Universita di Bologna... has 178 leaves and com­ prises three collections of manuscripts preserved in the library: the first collection is by Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli, the second by Michele Taiman and the third by Giuseppe Simonio Assemani. The catalogue describes about 550 Arabic, 55 Per­ sian, 5 Hebrew, 5 Armenian and 173 Turkish manuscripts divided into several sub­ ject sections such as: grammar, vocabulary, prosody, poetry, retorics, the Koran, 5 This collection of manuscripts received its name after Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli a noble of Bologna who founded in 1712 the Institute of Sciences and there presented his own collection of books. The Marsigli Collection comprises, among others, also Oriental manuscripts (Arabic, Turkish and Persian). 12 Part 1 - Introduction medicine, astronomy, philosophy, logics. The catalogue itself is hand-written and was made by Giuseppe Mezzofanti. In the introductory part of the catalogue its author presents the founders of each particular collection. Thus, about Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli - the founder of the collection which Vocabulario Italiano-Turchesco belongs to, one can read the following words: Fra lo strepito delle armi, a ne disastrosi suoi viaggi. il Conte Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli raccolse 1 Codici Orientali descritti in quarto Catalogo a poscia arrichi con essi I'lnstituto da lui fondato. When mentioning the catalogue of oriental manuscripts one should also pay some attention to its author - Giuseppe Mezzofanti. In the final part of the title of the catalogue we can read ...compilato Da D. Giuseppe Mezzofanti Prof, di Lingue Orientali nella stessa Universita. However, this very' modest presentation of the author does not altogether portray his outstand­ ing personage. His extraordinary linguistic talents and his contribution to the elabo­ ration of the enormous collection of oriental manuscripts preserved in the library of the University of Bologna should not go unnoticed. According to The Catholic Encyclopedia6 Giuseppe Mezzofanti (1774-1849) the cardinal, was one of the greatest polyglots. In the Scuole Pie he learned several languages: classical ones, Spanish, Ger­ man, Mexican and also some South American dialects, among others. After theo­ logical studies he began to study oriental languages. In 1797 he was ordained a priest and also became the chair of Hebrew language at the University of Bologna. In 1803 he became an assistant in the library and later a professor of Hebrew and Greek languages at the University of Bologna. In parallel to his academic career he was also promoted in the sacerdotal hierarchy. Answering the invitation of Pope Pius VII he moved to Rome where he was named Custodian-in-Chief of the Vati­ can Library and subsequently Consultor of the Congregation for the Correction of the Liturgical Books of Oriental Rites. In 1838 he became a cardinal. He spoke thirty eight languages perfectly, among which were Italian, Latin, Arabic, Armenian, biblical Hebrew, Turkish, Persian, Greek, Chinese, Bohemian and others. In addition, he could to a lesser extent speak thirty other languages and fifty dialects of some languages. According to some sources “his knowledge of these languages was intuitive, rather than analytic...”.7 Returning to the subject of our work, that is Vocabolario Italiano-Turchesco, as has been previously mentioned, the title of the manuscript is not original. It was Mezzofanti - the author of the description of this work, who named the dictionary as such. In a very limited description which Mezzofanti placed in his catalogue one can read: L 'Alfabeto ed il Sillabario si presentano da principio, poi le Declinationi e le Conjugation}. Seguono la parole ltaliane per ordine alfabetico. scritta dalla destra alia sinistra alia maniera orientale. ed interpretata in Turco. I Nomi de 6 7 http://vvww.new.advent.org/cathen/10270b.htm (accessed 21/09/2010). See: as above. Part I - Introduction 13 numeri, de giorni della Settimana, de pianeti, de mesi tec. Terminano il Codice in foglio (Siemieniec-Golas 1998:237). Additionally, in another source concerning the Marsigli Collection we noticed one short remark also referring to this very manuscript, in which its author names the manuscript in the following words: Glossaire turc-italien avec transcription des mots tures en lettres italiennes* In order to describe the manuscript, one should first begin by examining its external characteristics. The book is bound in canvas and leather; with an addition­ al sheet of paper stuck onto the cover. In general, the text of the dictionary is writ­ ten in black ink, however, red, gold and blue ink is also used in some places of the book. The paper is shiny, thick, ecru in colour, with visible vertical and transversal lines imprinted on the pages. It is a noteworthy fact that some pages of the manu­ script are blank. As far as the pagination or rather foliation is concerned one can notice that on every second page there are numbers, from 1 to 270, written in pencil (sic!) in the upper comer. Taking into account the fact that the whole text of the manuscript is written in black ink, we may suppose that the numbering in pencil had not been made by the author himself but rather by someone who worked on this dictionary later (Siemieniec-Golas 1998: 238). However, there is another system of marking the pages which seems to be original. In the comer of every page there are two capital letters written in black ink, e.g.: AB, AC, AF, AG, CH, DE, EF, EM, MV, OR, RU, ZO, etc.* 910 11 Those marks seem to resemble the author’s own handwriting. They indicate the beginning of the Italian word which is written as the first on each particular page, e.g.: AC for auqcA (=Acqua),'° AT for atinotA (=Atonita), AV for (= eritreuA (= Auertire), BR for oniznorB (= Bronzino), CV for otloC (= Coito), LA for eraitnal (= Lantiare), MA for orgaM (= Magro), etc. However, it must also be admitted here that for the purpose of the present work a different system of numbering the pages of the studied manuscript was introduced. Since we worked on the microfilm of the manuscript, therefore, when quoting the material, we indicate the number of the particular frame of the microfilm which comprises two pages of the original work." Remarques sur les manuscrits orientaux de la Collection Marsigli a Bologne suivies de la liste complete de manuscits arabes de la meme collection par le baron Victor Rosen, Rome 1885, p. 21. 9 It should also be mentioned here that not each page is marked by such an indication. 10 To illustrate their original form in the manuscript, the words are presented as they were written by the author, that is backwards. However, their transcription in the proper direction has been added in brackets. 11 For a detailed instruction see the footnote to the first entry of the Dictionary (Part II). 14 Part I - Introduction As mentioned in the Preface of the present work, the manuscript constitutes a dictionary which is bilingual, i.e. Italian-Turkish. To be precise, it should be noted that we repeat this opinion after Mezzofanti and Rosen. Rosen even described this work as glossaire turc-italien (Rosen 1885:21). However, even at first glance the “Turkish” lexical material suggests that this vocabulary is not homogeneously Turkish. Most of the words are Turkish but besides them there are words which seem to be Arabic and Persian. However, judging by the Latin transcription which accompanies most of the oriental words collected in the manuscript, they bear a greater resemblance to the Turkish system of spelling. On the other hand, one should be conscious that the Ottoman-Turkish language was not homogenous in terms of word origin, constituting a mixture of three oriental languages, that is: Turkish. Arabic and Persian, enriched by borrowings from some additional lan­ guages. Nevertheless, for the purpose of this work, we name this material Turkish or Ottoman-Turkish; sometimes also, as a general term - oriental. However, for conscience’ sake, the etymological issue of this material will be shortly discussed in the further part of the present work. Now, let us return to the previously presented statement about the unconven­ tional character of the dictionary. What is so peculiar about this work? First, the dictionary is written like a typical “oriental” book; from right to left, as Mezzofanti comments in the following words: scritta dalla destra alia sinistra alla maniera orientale... However, the most peculiar characteristic is the fact that even singular Italian words, phrases or longer commentaries are written backwards. Also, it is a note­ worthy fact that the words are not written in mirrored script. In the case of Italian words w ritten backw ards, the author even used to write the last letter of every word as a capital letter, probably to thereby show the direction of reading (SiemieniecGolas 1998: 238). Even the Roman alphabet transcription used for each Turkish word which is written in Arabic letters has this same direction of reading, that is from right to the left.1' 2. The author and the age of the manuscript Nothing may be said about the author of this dictionary since the work is anony­ mous. By courtesy of the library of Universita di Bologna we had, on more than one occasion, the original of the manuscript in our hands. Studying this work page by page we found no sign of its author’s name. However, one can express general impression that judging by the abundance of vocabulary included in the dictionary, both with reference to the Italian and Turkish languages, the author was probably an educated person. As for his nation­ ality, it most probably cannot be ascertained. However, one can rather think that he was not a Turk or generally Moslem, because some erroneous explanations refer­ 12 To get acquainted w ith this peculiarity see facsimile nr 1. Part 1 - Introduction 15 ring to, for instance, Moslem religion could not be formulated by someone from this religious circle. As far as the age of the manuscript is concerned - the manuscript is dateless. Luckily, however, there are some methods that have been helpful in solving this problem. One of them, among others, is the inspection of the watermarks.11 *13* Meticulous studying of every sheet within the manuscript against the light gave a positive result. Most of the sheets of the manuscript have this same water­ mark, that is, an anchor in a circle. The watermark is impressed on the central part of the sheet. However, on some sheets the watermark is impressed upside down, on others in the correct posi­ tion. After comparing this watermark with the watermark patterns collected in the catalogue by Briquet (Briquet: 1907) we found out that this watermark was used in Italy in the second part of the sixteenth century.N Briquet (1907: 44) also mentions that this watermark was used at this time in the region of Verona and Mantua. Unexpectedly, however, among all the examined sheets of the manuscript, a different watermark on one sheet was found, unlike the one impressed on most of the sheets. It represents a crown with five points. The middle one has a crescent on the top. 11 About the idea of studying the watermarks see Acknow ledgements. IJ Briquet writes as follows: Les nombreux types de l’ancre dans un cercle sons tout italiens. (...) Dans les types 548 a 572 la tige et les deux bras de l'ancre sont dessinés par un simple trait. Ce style est venu tardivement; le premier specimen est de 1563 (Briquet 1907: 40). 16 Part I - Introduction Investigations in all available books containing catalogues of w atermarks, car­ ried out in order to find any information on this watermark, did not bring positive results. There is no such mark registered in any published list of watermarks. On the other hand, one cannot exclude the possibility that the sheet with this water­ mark was added to the rest of the sheets at a later time. However, there is no differ­ ence in the colour of the paper of this sheet in comparison with the others. Moreover, the analysis of the text15 written on two adjacent pages contradicts this hypothesis because the text is uninterrupted. Thus, this enigma seems to be unsolveable. As for the age of the manuscript, summing up the data concerning the water­ marks imprinted on the sheets of paper of the manuscript, although the single sheet of paper has a different watermark than the rest, we would nevertheless incline to the hypothesis that the dictionary was written in the sixteenth century. Our hypothesis can be supported by evidence provided by some linguistic fea­ tures of the Turkish material16. Besides, the supposition that the manuscript dates back to the sixteenth century is both hypothetically and actually possible in the light of some specialists’ opinion according to which the earliest grammars and dictionaries of the Turkish language, written by Italians, appeared in the 16,h centu­ ry (Karakartal 1996: 1241-1246; Adamovic 2001: 7-14). 3. The contents of the manuscript Although the manuscript discussed in this work constitutes the form of a bilingual Italian-Turkish dictionary, it does not begin from the presentation of the vocabu­ 15 That is the paradigm of the conjugation of the verb olmak. See: facsimile nr 2. 16 This issue w ill be shortly discussed in the further part of this book. Part I - Introduction 17 lary. The first page, with the number 1 written in pencil,17 contains the letters of the Arabic alphabet. Then, on this same page some Arabic letters with vocalisation marks are presented, followed by some patterns of syllables built from some Ara­ bic vocalized letters. These patterns of syllables are presented on several subse­ quent pages. Next, there is the paradigm of the declension of the word Ihuomo (in Turkish: adam) ‘a man’.18 In each horizontal line the word Ihuomo is presented in each particular case and immediately next to it there are its equivalents written in Turkish, Arabic and Persian. These equivalents of the three Oriental languages are written in Arabic letters. However, the Roman alphabet transcription is given only for the Turkish form.19 The example presented below shows the declension of the Italian word only with its Turkish equivalent: omouh L (= Lhuomo) Norn. mada (= adam) omouh HeD (= Dell huomo) Gen. ngimeda (= ademing) omouh HA (= All huomo) Dat. emada (= adame) omouh L (= Lhuomo) Ace. ijmada (= adamji) omouh llaD ( = Dall huomo) Ab l. nadmada (= adamdan) 17 Here, we repeat again our supposition that the pagination or rather foliation of this manuscript is probably not original and was made later by the hand of someone w ho used this work. 18 This declension comprises all grammatical cases except the locative. 19 In light of what was mentioned in the former part of this chapter, it is not clear whether the author was aware that the words he placed after the Italian word represent three Oriental languages or rather that he generally treated them as Turkish synony ms. Part 1 - Introduction 18 After the paradigm of declension in the singular, the author presents the de­ clension of this noun in the plural. Subsequently, the possessive forms of the word Ihuomo together with their Turkish counterparts are presented. Examples: Ojl omouh oiM (= Moi huomo) mimada (= adamini) i-Sda oûl omouh ouT (= Tuo huomo') ngumada (= adamugn) Other words for which the declension is also shown are padre (in Turkish: baba) ‘father’ and figliu (in Turkish: oghul) ‘son’. After the paradigms of declension of the afore mentioned nouns the author presents the declension of the following personal pronouns, both in the singular and plural. r1 per. sg.: ¿H ol (= lo) neb (= ben) 1st per. pl.: ioN( = Noi) zib (= biz) 2"d per. sg.: uT (= Tu) nes (= sen) 2nd per. pl.: ioT (= Toi) zis (= siz) -»rd 3 per. sg.: olleuQ (= Quello) lo (= ol) The illustration for the above-mentioned paradigms is fully presented in the facsimile.20 Subsequent pages provide some examples of different forms of such verbs as: sevmek ‘to love’, bakmak ‘to watch’, işitmek ‘to hear’, olmak ‘to be’. 20 See: facsimile nr 3. 4. Part I - Introduction 19 These examples comprise not only the forms in the indicative mood, both in the singular and plural, but also show the mentioned verbs in different grammatical tenses, some other moods and aspects.21 The lexical material which one called the dictionary appears on the subsequent page right after the grammatical part of the manuscript. The lexical material is arranged in vertical columns. In the right-hand column, Italian words are placed in the order of the Latin alphabet. Their Turkish counter­ parts are written in Arabic letters on the left-hand side of the same line. The Roman alphabet transcription of the Turkish words is written just below its Arabic script version. Like in the previously described case of the declension of the word Ihuomo, the Italian entries are often translated not only into Turkish but also into Arabic and Persian. In most cases, the Arabic and Persian equivalents are placed just after the Turkish word. However, this order is not always maintained. For instance, see the example presented below, where the Italian word acqua ‘water’ is first translated into the Persian word ab, then Turkish su, and finally, Arabic maji: auqcA (= Acqua) ¡jam ( = maji), us (= su), ba (= ab) It is a noteworthy fact that sometimes the author gives several Turkish syno­ nyms to the Italian word, as in the example of: abruggiare ‘to burn, to catch fire’: eraiggurbA {= Abruggiare) kamnaij (=jianmak), rulo karghi12 (= ihgrak olur) The page marked in pencil as 263 ends the dictionary and, immediately after, the ordinal numbers from 1 to 10 and the numbers 20 and 30 are presented. Exam­ ples: odnoceS (= Secondo) isignicci (= iccingisi) Italian word is illegible isignimrhgij (=yighrmingisi) 21 See: facsimile nr 5. “ The system of transcription in the Roman alphabet used by the author is worthy of discussion, thus this issue will be presented in the further part of this work. Part I - Introduction 20 Subsequently, in vertical columns, the cardinal numbers are presented. In the right-hand column they are written as Arabic and European numerals, whereas in the left-hand column their names are given both in Arabic script and in the Roman alphabet transcription. Examples: icci (= icci) 2) ¿J r ecu (= ucc) 3) H1P r tord (= dort') 4) v ideij (=jiedi) 7) The register of some numerals is repeated once more, however not in a verti­ cal but in a horizontal arrangement.23 The next page presents names of the days of the week, where Saturday is the first day mentioned. The Italian names are again presented in the vertical column, with their Oriental (Turkish, Arabic, Persian) equivalents enumerated to their left. The examples shown below present only the Turkish names of days: otabaS (= Sabato) isetriahmug (= gumhairtesi) acinemoD (= Domenica) razab (= bazar) idenuL (= Lunedi) isetre razab (= bazaertesi) idetraM (= Martedi) ilaS (= Sali) 23 See facsimile nr 6. 21 Part [ - Introduction idrocreM (= Mercordi) ibnecsracc (= ccarscenbi) ideuoiG ( = Giouedi) * ibnecsep (= pescenbi) Ajjjl 4 * ihceruT i ed atsef idrene V (= Venerdi festa eniza ahmug ( = gumha azine) de i Turchi) On the subsequent page the names of the Moslem prayers are indicated, e.g.: jLUj erimrod led enoitarO (= Oratione del dormire) isaman ustaij (=jiatsu namasi) As the next entry, a list of planet names is presented.11 After the Italian name of each planet there is a drawing of its graphic symbol and, immediately after, its Oriental name is written with the Latin transcription below. At the very end of each line (the left end of the line) there is a single letter of the Arabic alphabet.24 25 ¿Jkj J Î? orutaS (= Saturo) ? oirucreM (= Mercurio) lauz (= zual) J diratuh (= hutarid) j - yÁ anuL (= Luna) remak (= kamer) After the names of planets some geographic names appear, e.g.: ujjc. etnediccO (= Occidente) birghaM brahg (= gharb Maghrib) 24 See facsimile nr 7. 25 It is difficult to deduce what role these letters play. Part I - Introduction 22 On the subsequent page the author presents some graphic signs which symbol­ ize the lunar Arabic calendar. He names them enuL icidoD (= Dodici Lune), or, the ’Twelve moons’. The signs are placed on the right side of the page in a vertical column. Next to them, in a separate column, their names in both Arabic script and Roman alphabet transcription are given: merahum (= muharem) refes (= sefer) Iciuecs (= sceual) On the left side of this same page, again, in a separate vertical column, isem icidoD ( = Dodici mesi), or, the ‘Twelve months’ are presented: ozraM (= Marzo) traM (= Mart) elirpA (= Aprile) nasin (= nisan) onguiG (= Giugno) narizah (= hazirari)~b The zodiac signs - inges icidoD (= Dodici segni), or, the ‘Twelve signs,’ ap­ pear as the last and are illustrated by graphic symbols: limah igruB (= Burgi hamil) ruuesc igruB (= Burgi sceuur) 26 The whole register of "Dodici lune" and Dodici mesi" - facsimile nr 8. 27 The Italian name of the zodiac sign is given only to this very sign. Part I - Introduction I azueg igruB (= Burgi geuza) s nateres igruB (= Burgi seretan) SI dese igruB (= Burgi esed) « 4I O-* .i n. 23 elubnus igruB (= Burgi sunbule) nazim igruB (= Burgi mizan) nt berka igruB (= Burgi akreb) x” zuak igruB (= Burgi kauz) ijdeg igruB (= Burgi gedi) AV AVI r »’ uled igruB (= Burgi delu) Qi tuh igruB (= Burgi hut). K 4. Remarks on the transcription system used by the author As it is known the oriental lexical material the author presents in his work is writ­ ten not only in Arabic script but also mainly, in Roman alphabet transcription placed below the entries in Arabic script. However, there are some exceptions to this rule. In some cases the author presents only the Arabic variant of the oriental word without the transcription. In the following commentary we will not focus on the Arabic record of the oriental vocabulary but on the features of the transcription used by the author. Our general consensus regarding the transcription is that it was based on the Italian spelling system. However, to be precise, since the author is anonymous and one does not know whether he was Italian, we can only speculate that the author was inspired by the Italian spelling system to select adequate characters to match the Turkish phonetic system. Part I - Introduction 24 To show the system of transcription employ ed in the dictionary we present the register of graphemes used by the author. Examples: a b c cc cc cch cci ch d e f g g g gh g' gi h h i i i ji k 1 m n ng ngh 0 o P r s s s SC ss ss abdal (abdal) akraba (akraba) acımak (acimak) çanak (ccanak) kelp (ccelp) değişmek (degiscmecc) Ikl ki (cchi) katib (cciatib) lk'l Ihl hurma (churma) Idl daima (daima) lei edna (edna) fare (fare) Ifl Igi = ğ değirmen (değirmen) gelmek (gelmece) /g/ cemre (gemre) iği ağ (agh) Igi afacan (affagian) iği bazirgan (bazirgian) ig'i Ihl husus (husus) 101 adet (hadet) m affendi (affendi) İyi = ı adım (adim) itmek (itmece) lel ayak (ajiak) iyi iplik (iplik) İki m lazım (lazim) İmi inanmak (inanmak) İni namaz (namaz) lt]l aıja (anğa) Itjl suıjra (sunghra) loi lokma (lokma) löl öküz (occus) pare (pare) ipi İri rakı (raki) İSİ sade (sade) İZİ ağıi (agh i s) İsi ağlaşmak (aghlasmak) İsi akşam (akseam) İsi aşağa (assagha) İsi arslan (arsslan) lal Ibl iği Ićl Ikl - : -------- cf. present-day: abdal, aptal-. cf. present-day: akraba-, cf. present-day: acımak-, cf. present-day: çanak-, cf present-day: kelp, cf. present-day: değişmek-, cf. present-day: ki~, cf present-day: kâtib-, cf. present-day: hurma-, cf. present-day: daima-, cf. present-day: edna-, cf. present-day: fare-, cf. present-day: değirmen-, cf. present-day: gelmek-, cf. present-day: cemre-, cf. present-day: ağ-, cf. present-day: afacatv, cf. present-day: bazirgâıv, cf. present-day: husus-, cf. present-day: adet-, cf. present-day: effendi-, cf. present-day: adım-, cf. present-day: etmek-, cf. present-day: ayak-, cf. present-day: iplik-, cf. present-day: lâzım-, cf. present-day: inanmak-, cf. present-day: namaz-, cf. present-day: ana-, cf. present-day: sonra-, cf. present-day: lokma-, cf. present-day: öküz-, cf. present-day: pare-, cf. present-day: rakr, cf. present-day: sade-, cf. present-day: ağız-, cf. present-day: ağlaşmak-, cf. present-day: akşam-, cf. present-day: aşağa-, cf. present-day: arslaır, Part [ - Introduction t u u u z Itl lül lul Ivl Izl itmek (itmece) düdük (duduk) ucuz (ugius) vefa (uefa) zalim (zalim) - cf. cf. cf. cf. cf. 25 present-day: etmek-, present-day: düdük-, present-day: ucuz-, present-day: vefa-, present-day: zalim. However, in some areas of the text inconsistency and numerous mistakes of different kinds can be also noticed. They can be observed both in the transcription of oriental lexemes and in some Italian words. The phenomena which one can notice rather frequently are: 1. The author uses ‘u’ instead of ‘o’ for /ö/, e.g.: ulur for ölür. In some cases, however, he writes ‘o’ for lol as in occus for öküz. Therefore, one can not be con­ vinced whether the narrowing of the vowel is made consciously or rather acci­ dentally; 2. The transposition ‘gn’ instead of ‘ng’ for /7/, e.g.: ardigna instead of ardinga for ardıtja-, 3. The omission of ‘h’ as in: bear for behar (= bahar)-, 4. The transposition of ‘h’, as in had for ahd. We are not sure whether this is metathesis or incorrect transposition. 5. Metathesis as in megrhu for mecruh or sial for sda. 6. There is one Turkish word in which one can even notice contamination: ademuginge for ademwjince ( ? adem + öyce); 7. In some words geminated consonáis appear, as in: fettua for fetva. 8. In Italian commentaries to the oriental vocabulary one can find the fol­ lowing abbreviations: continuam:te instead of continuamente. velocem:te instead of velocemente-, 0 for on as in: rispodere', é for en, as in: faciedo instead offaciendo. p for per. Since both the Italian commentaries and the Roman alphabet transcription of the oriental vocabulary were written backwards {alia maniera oriéntale), therefore one cannot exclude simple mistakes made by the author when writing. That is why we will not formulate any statement concerning the linguistic tendencies observed in the aforementioned examples. We only feel under scientific obligation to men­ tion these phenomena. Apart from the opinion concerning the influence of Italian spelling noticed in the transcribed form of the Turkish material, certain linguistic features observed in the whole material should be mentioned and emphasized here. When examining this material one noticed both in derivatives and in themes of words the relatively frequent presence of labial vowels. Here are some examples: 26 Part I - Introduction ahu (achu) atlu (atlu) baluk (baluk) datlu (datlu) incii (ingiu) kaldurmak (kaldurmak) satun almak (satun aimak) yazu (jiazu) - cf. cf. cf. cf. cf. cf. cf. cf. present-day ahi', present-day atlr, present-day balık', present-day tatlr, present-day inci', present-day kaldırmak', present-day satın aimak', present-day yazı. In some forms one can notice another phenomenon that is disrupted vowel harmony. Examples: suyoli (su jioli) suvarlemek (suuarlemecc) sümükli (sumukli) tuzsiz (tuzsiz) yasduk (jiassduk) yolsiz (jiolsiz) - cf. suyolu-, cf. suvarlamak', cf. sümüklü', cf. tUZSUZ', cf. yastık', cf. yolsuz. The phenomenona presented above were typical for the earlier stage of devel­ opment of Ottoman-Turkish. DOI: 10.12797/9788376384818.03 Part II Dictionary R Ab (ab) ‘acqua’ 20 r.28 - cf.: âb ‘water’; ab (ab) ‘padre’ 184 r. - see: abir, aba (haba) ‘bisello pano tristo’ 45 I. - cf.: aba ‘stout coarse woollen cloth’; abad (abad) ‘culto, coltiuato’ 75 I. - cf.: âbad ‘prosperous, flourishing’; abayı (habaji) ‘valdrapa’ 246 r. - cf.: abaî ‘1. made of homespun woollen cloth. 2. horse-cloth of homespun woollen’; abdal (abdal) ’pazzo’ 184 r. - cf.: abdal, aptal ‘stupid, fool’; abu (abu) ‘padre’ 184 r. - cf.: âba ‘ 1. fathers. 2. male ancestors, forefathers'; acayib (hagajib) ‘merauiglioso, stupendo’ 162 r. - cf.: acaib ‘strange things, won­ ders’; aceb (haceb) ‘merauiglia’ 1611. - cf.: aceb ‘wonder, astonishment’; acele (hagele) ‘celerita, prestezza’ 60 r. - cf.: acele ‘hurry, haste’; acemi (hagemi) ’inesperto’ 136 r. - cf: acemi ‘untrained, inexperienced, raw; nov­ ice’; acı (agi) ‘amaro’ 31 1. - cf.: acı ‘bitter’; acıkmak (agikmak) ‘esser famelico’ 97 r. - cf.: acıkmak ’to feel hungry’; 28 I he number placed next to the Italian explanation denotes the number of the frame of microfilm which comprises two adjacent pages of the original manuscript. The small letters I., r. denote, respectively, the left and right pages. Part II - Dictionary 28 acımak (acimak) ‘hauer compassion, pieta' 125 r. - cf.: acımak ‘to pity, to feel sorrow for, to feel compassion for'; aciz olmak (agiz olmak) ‘esser impotente’ 98 1. - cf: âciz ‘unable, weak, impo­ tent’; açlık (acclik) ‘fame et carestia' 101 r. - cf.: açlık ‘ 1. hunger. 2. starvation, famine’; açmak (accmak) ‘aprire’ 98 r. - cf.: açmak ‘to open’; I. ad (ad) ‘norne' 172 r.- cf.: ad ‘name’; II. ad (had) ‘conto' 67 1. - cf.: ad ‘a count, number; computation'; ada (ada) ‘isola’ 143 r. - cf.: ada ‘island’; adalet (hadalet) ‘giusticia’ 118 1. - cf.: adalet ‘justice’; adaş (adasc) ‘dell isteiso nome’ 79 r. - cf.: adaş ‘one having the same name; namesake’; adavet (hadavet) ‘inimicitia’ 136 r. - cf.: adavet ‘enmity, hostility, hatred'; adayı (adaji) ‘inimico’ 133 r. - cf.: adavef, aded (haded) ‘numero, quantita' 173 1. - cf.: aded ‘number, sum, amount'; adem (adem) ‘homo’ 127 r.; adem oğlanı (adem oghlani) ‘generatione humana’ 116 1.; genç adem (gence adem) ‘huomo fresco’ 128 I. - cf.: adam ‘man, hu­ man being'; ademiirjince (ademuginge) ‘predecessori'29 1 98 r.; adet (hadet) ‘usanza’ 259 r. - cf.: âdet ‘custom, practice’; adım (adim) ‘passo’ 184 r. - cf.: adım ‘step (in walking)’; adil (hadil) ‘giusto, il douere’ 118 r. - cf.: âdil ‘just, equitable’; af etmek (haf itmece) ‘perdonare, condonare’ 189 r. - cf.: affetmek ‘to forgive, to pardon’; afacan: afacan iilür (affagian ulur) ‘morir di morte subitana" 165 I. - cf.: afacan ‘gamin, street urchin; naughty, wild’; afiyet (hafjiet) ‘prosperita della persona’ 200 r., afiyet (afjiet) ‘sanita' 217 r. - cf.: afiyet ‘health’; affendi (affendi) ‘signore, titolo' 228 r. - cf.: efendi ‘ 1. gentleman. 2. title’; ağ (agh) ‘rete’ 208 1. - cf.: ağ ‘net’; ağda (aghda) ‘saba, liquore’ 216 r. - cf.: ağda ‘semisolid confection made of sugar or grape juice, thick syrup’; ağaç (aghag) ‘arbore’ 19, 35 1. - cf.: ağaç i 1. tree. 2. wood, timber’; ağırlamak (aghirlamak) ‘riceuer con pompa’ 211 1. - cf.: ağırlamak ‘to treat (a guest) with marks of respect and distinction’; 29 Judging by the meaning, one cannot exclude that this word is formed from two el­ ements: adem ’man' and the primary postposition önce ’before'. Part II-Dictionary 29 ağırmak (aghirmak) ‘dolere’ 85 I.; ağırmak (aghirmak) "pesare, dolere’ 187 r. - cf.: ağrımak 'to ache, to suffer pain’; ağız (aghis) ‘boca’ 47 1. - cf.: ağız ‘mouth’; ağlamak (aghlamak) ‘piangere’ 191 1. - cf.: ağlamak ‘to weep’; ağlaşmak (aghlasmak) ‘piangere molti insieme’ 191 1. - cf.: ağlaşmak ‘to weep together’; ağsak (aghsak) ‘zoppo’ 263 1. - cf.: aksak ‘limping, lame’; ağu (aghu) ‘veneno’ 249 r. - cf.: ağı ‘poison, venom’; ahd (had) ‘conuentione, patto' 66 I., ahd (had) ‘promessa’ 199 r. - cf.: ahd = ahit ‘1. injunction, solemn request. 2. agreement, pact. 3. oath, promise’; ahd ider (had ider) ‘premetere fermarmte’ 198 r. - cf.: ahdetmek ‘to engage sol­ emnly, to contract to do, to pledge, to promise with an oath’; ahd-i |h|umayun (hadi umajiun) ‘scritura del Re ingenerale’ 220 r. - cf.: ahd, ahit ‘imperial decree’; ahdlaşmak (hadlascmak30) ‘restar d’acordo’ 210 r. - cf.: ahitleşmek ‘to enter into a solemn agreement with one another’; a|h|enger (a enger31) ‘fabro, ferraro’ 101 1. - cf.: ahenger ‘blacksmith’; ahir ul emir (akirulemir) ‘alia fine d’an negotio’ 29 r. - cf.: âhiriil'emr ‘finally, at last, at length’; ahiret (akiret) Taltro mondo’ 143 I. - cf.: ahiret = ahret ‘the other world beyond the grave’; ahiri (akiri) ‘fine d’una cosa’ 107 I. - cf.: âhir ‘ 1. last, latter. 2. last part, end’; a|h|mak (amak) ‘ignorante senza giuditio’ 130 I. - cf.: ahmak ‘stupid, foolish; dote, fool’; ahm|a|l (ahml) ‘soma, carirca di mulo’ 231 r. - cf.: ahmal pl. of haml ‘load, bur­ den’; ahu (achu) ‘fratello’ 112 r. - cf.: ahi ‘brother (in a religious fraternity or trade guild)’; akab (hakab) ‘dietro’ 81 I. - cf.: akab ‘space after; time after’; akabince (hakabinge) ‘dietro’ 81 1. - cf.: akabince ‘in one’s immediate rear, im­ mediately behind oneself; akbar (akbar) "auiso noue’ 39 I. - cf.: ahbar ‘information, news’; akçe (akccie) ‘denaro’ 79 r, akçe (akcce) ‘denari contanti’ 79 r. - cf.: akçe ‘small silver coin, asper’; 30 In the analysed source the erroneous transposition of letters happens quite often. 11 When the word contains the letter ’h" in its original script i.e. Arabic, this letter is often not indicated in the transcription. 30 Part]]-Dictionary akıbet (achibet) ‘finalmente’ 108 I. - cf.: akıbet ‘end, latter part; ultimately, final­ ly'; akin ider (akin ider) ‘sacheggiare, depredare’ 216 r. - cf.: akın etmek ‘to make a raid, to attack and pillage"; akir (akir) ‘pouero’ 195 I. - cf.: akir ‘barren, sterile’; akil (hakil) ‘ingegno giuditio" 133 r. - cf: akil ‘very reasonable; wise"; akmak (akmak) ‘corere del aqua" 65 r. - cf.: akmak ‘to flow’; akraba (akraba) ‘parente’ 184 r. - cf.: akraba ‘a relative; relatives’; akran (akran) ‘equale’ 93 1. - cf.: akran ‘equal’; akşam (akscam) ‘sera, notte’ 22 I. - cf.: akşam ‘evening’; akşam namazı (achsam namasi) ‘oratione della sera" 268 r. - cf: akşam namazı ‘evening worship’; ala muhala (ala muhala) ‘ecelso, sublime’ 92 r. - cf.: âlâ ‘very good, excellent’; muallâ ‘exalted, sublime’; alaca at (alagia at) ‘cauallo dipinto’ 53 r. - cf.: alaca ‘piebald (horse)"; alamet (halamet) ‘seugne celerta’ 224 r. - cf.: alâmet ‘sign, mark, symbol"; alçak (alcciak) ‘basso’ 41 I. - cf.: alçak ‘1. low. 2. short in stature’; I. alem (halem32) ‘mondo uniuerso’ 166 I. - cf: âlem ‘world; universe’; II. alem (halem) ‘bandiera grande che portano li beghi’ 42 I., alem (halem) ‘puntalo d’argento sula bandiera’ 202 r. - cf.: alem ‘1. mark by which a thing is knowm, sign. 2. flag, banner"; alemdar (halemdar) ‘alfiero’ 29 I. - cf: alemdar ‘1. standard-bearer. 2. an officer of the Janissaries’; alev (aleu) ‘fiama" 107 I. - cf.: alev ‘flame’; alikomak (alikomak) ‘lasciare, abandonare’ 143 1. - cf.: alikomak ‘to detain, to keep’; alışmak (alismak) ‘assuefarsi" 37 I. - cf: alışmak ‘to be accustomed to"; alivirmek (ali uirmecc) ‘far rendere il tolto’ 101 r. - cf: alıvermek ‘çabucak veya ansızın almak’ (TS 96); ali miktar (hali miktar) ‘homo grande di molta autorita’ 127 1. - cf.: âli kadir ‘high in value, esteemed; âli makam ‘of high position or rank’; alim (alim) ‘prudente, sapiente’ 198 r., alim (halim) ‘sapienza’ 217 r. - cf.: alim ‘learned, wise, scholar’; Alla|h] (alla) ‘Iddio’ 129 1. - cf.: Allah ‘God’; 32 Quite often in the transcribed version of particular words one can notice the added prosthetic /h/, which is not written in the Arabic script version, at the beginning of the word. Part II - Dictionary 31 alma (alam) ‘porno’ 194 I. - cf.: almaprov.for elma ‘apple’; almak (aimak)‘pigliare’ 191 I. - cf.: aimak ‘to take, to get’; almas (almas) ‘diamente’ 81 I. - cf.: elmas ‘diamond’; altı (alti) ‘6’ 265 1. - cf.: altı ‘six’; akıncısı (altingisi) ‘sesto’ 265 r. - cf.: altıncı ‘sixth’; altında (altinda) ‘abano’ 19 1. - cf.: altında ‘under, beneath, below’; altmış (altmisc) ‘60’ 266 1. - cf.: altmış ‘sixty’; altun (altun) ‘ducato’ 89 1; altun (altun)‘oro, ducato’ 180 r. - cf.: altın ‘1. gold. 2. gold coin’; am (am) ‘pota’ 194 1. - cf.: am ‘female genital organ’; ama (ema) ‘ma’ 151 I. - cf.: ama ‘but, yet, still"; aman virmek (aman uirmecc) ’dar remissione' 'll r. - cf.: aman vermek ‘to grant quarter’; amayi (amaji) ‘cieco’ 62 1. - cf.: âmâ ’blind’; amel (hamel) ‘negotio, causa’ 170 1. - cf.: amil ‘factor, motive, reason’; amil itmek (hamil itmece) ‘negotiare’ 170 r. - cf. amil ‘factor, motive, reason; amin (amin) ‘cosi sia’ 65 r. - cf.: âmin ‘amen’; an (ani) ‘momenta, punto di tempo’ 165 1. - cf.: an ‘moment’; aqa (anğa) ‘a quello’ 34 1. - cf: ana hist. Dat. form of o/ ‘ 1. that. 2. he, she, it’; ana (ana) ‘madre’ 151 I. - cf: ana ‘mother’; anahtar (anaehtar) ‘chiaue’ 61 r. - cf.: anahtar ‘key’; anası (anasi) ‘madre’ 151 1. - cf.: ana ‘mother’; anasır (hanasir) ‘elementi’ 268 I. - cf.: anasır pl of unsur ‘element’; anam (anam) ‘nomi, pl' 172 r. - cf.: nam ‘name’; ancak (angiak) ‘al piu' 29 r. - cf.: ancak ‘only, solely’; ancıley|i|n (angilein) ‘simile, egual’ 228 r. - cf.: ancılayın ‘thus, in that manner, that much’; ande (ande) ‘doue’ 85 I. - cf: anda ‘there; thither"; andlaşmak (andlascmak) ‘giurare" I 18 r. - cf.: antlaşmak ‘to swear an oath to another’; ani (ani) ‘doue’ 85 I.; ani (ani) ‘significa uol dire’ 228 r. - cf.: a'ni ‘I mean, that is to say, namely’; ağlamak (anghlamak) ‘intendere’ 133 r. - cf.: anlamak ‘to understand, to compre­ hend’; ağlatmak (anghlatmak) ‘auertire, auisare’ 39 I. - cf.: anlatmak ‘to explain"; anka (hanka) ‘homo rico, potente’ 127 I. - cf.: anka ‘fabulously rich"; 32 Part II-Dictionary ankarib (hankarib) 'fra poco tempo, cito’ 112 r. - cf.: ankarib ‘in the near future, soon’; ankid (ankid) 'anadra saluatica ressa in turkia' 32 r.; - cf.: angit ‘ruddy shelduck'; arjmak (anghmak) ‘racordarsi’ 206 I., aijmak (anghmak) ‘ricordarsi’ 212 I. - cf.: anmak ‘to call to mind, to remember’; arjsizdan (angshisdan) ‘all improuiso' 29 r. - cf.: ansız ‘sudden, suddenly’; anun içün (anuniccun) ‘per. propter’ 187 r. - cf.: arch, anunçiin ‘therefore’; apansız (apansis) ‘improuisamente subito’ 131 1. - cf.: apansız ‘quite unexpected­ ly, without warning'; ‘rapire rizinosarmte come I’acqua' 207 r., aparmak (aparmak) ‘rubar p(er) forza’ 215 I., aparmak (aparmak) ‘scarpire con uiolenza' 219 1. - cf.: aparmak ‘1. to carry away; to make off. 2. to bring, to fetch"; aparmak (haparmak) aram itmek (aram itmece) ‘aspettare' 37 1. - cf.: aram etmek ‘to rest, to repose’; aramak (aramak) ‘cercare' 59 1. - cf.: aramak ‘to seek, to search’; araste (araste) ‘adobo’ 23 I. - cf.: araste ‘prepared; decorated, adorned'; arbea (arbeha) ‘4’ 265 I. - cf.: erbaa ‘four"; ardirja (ardigna33) ‘dietro" 81 I. - cf.: art ‘back, hinter part’, ardınca ‘behind’; ardince (ardinge) ‘adiesso' 25 r.; ‘dietro’ 81 I. - cf.: ardınca ‘behind’; arebe (harebe) ‘carro’ 56 r. - cf.: araba ‘carriage, cart’; arebeci (harebegi) ‘caratiero’ 56 r. - cf.: arabacı ‘driver’; arefe (harefe) ‘vigilia’ 251 1. - cf.: arife ‘eve’; an (ari) ‘ape' 98 r. - cf.: arı ‘bee; wasp'; arık (arik) ‘magro' 151 1. - cf.: arık ‘lean, thin’; arıtmak (aritmak) ‘nettare" 1 70 r. - cf.: arıtmak ‘to clean, to purify; arka, arkası (arka, arkasi) ‘schiena' 219 I. - cf.: arka ‘the back"; arkın (arkiri) ‘di trauerso’ 81 I. - cf.: arkın = aykırı ‘across, crosswise’; armağan (armaghan) ‘presente, dono' 198 r. - cf.: armağan ‘gift, present’; armut (armut) ‘pero’ 187 r. - cf. armut ‘pear’; arpa (arpa) ‘orzo’ 180 r. - cf.: arpa ‘barley’; arslan (arsslan) ‘leone’ 145 I. - cf.: arslan, aslan ‘lion’; arşun (arscun) ‘braccio di misura’ 50 r. - cf.: arşın ‘ell, yard (Turkish measure of length of aboyt 28 inches, 68 cm, now' in disuse); artık (artik) ‘di piu' 81 1. - cf.: artık ‘left, remaining; more’; As it was indicated in some w ords above, also in this word the order of the letters is incorrect. Instead of-ng- it is -gn-. Part II - Dictionary 33 arturmak (arttırmak) ‘crescere’ 72 r. - cf.: artırmak ‘to make something increase’; arz (harz) ‘memoriale’ 162 r. - cf.: arz ‘1. presentation, demonstration. 2. submit­ ting something to one’s superior. 3.offer’; arzu itmek (arzu itmece) ‘augurarsi una cosa’ 40 r.; ‘desiderar grandemente’ 79 r. - cf.: arzu etmek ‘ 1. to wish for. 2. to want, to desire’; asa (hasa) ‘bastone’ 42 r. - cf: asâ ‘stick, baton’; asalet (hasalet) ‘vtile gadagno profitto’ 261 r. - cf: asalet ‘nobility; performing a duty in person’; asandur (assandur) ‘e facile’ lOlr. - cf: asan ‘easy’; asel (hasel) ‘mele’ 161 r. - cf.: asel ’honey’; asfer (asfer) ‘giallo colore’ 118 r. - cf.: asfer ‘yellow’; asğar (asghar) ‘picciolo’ 191 I. - cf.: asgar ‘smallest, littlest’; as|i|l (assl) ‘origine, radice’ 180 r.; as[i]l ‘radice’ 206 1. - cf.: asıl ‘origin, origi­ nal’; asker (hasccer) ‘esercito’ 98 I. - cf: asker ‘soldier’; asla (assla) ‘mai’ 1511. - cf: asla ‘never’; ash (assli) ‘caggione, rispeto’ 53 r. - cf. perhaps: asıl ‘origin, original’; asma (assma) ‘pergola di uite’ 187 r. - cf: asma ‘vine, grape-vine’; asudehal (assudehal) ‘quieto, pacifico’ 205 1. - cf.: asudehal ‘tranquil, rested’; asuman (assuman) ‘cielo’ 62 1. - cf: âsüman ‘the heavens, sky’; aşağa (assagha) ‘abano’ 19 1. - cf.: aşağa = aşağı ‘down, downwards’; aşaki (ascacci) ‘in viss un modo 135 r. - Perhaps this is a version of the abovementioned form aşağa. However, the meaning presented by the Italian author is quite different; aşçı (assgi) ’coco’ 65 r. - cf: aşçı ’head cook, chef; aşere (hascere) ’10' 265 I. - cf: aşere ‘ten’; aşık olmak (ascik olmak) ‘esser inamorato’ 98 1. - cf: âşık ‘lover; in love’; aşikâre (assicchiare) ‘chiaro, certo’ 61 r. - cf: aşikâr ‘evident, clear, open’; aşitane (ascitane) ‘porta del Re, o grandi’ 194 I. - cf.: asitane ‘ 1. threshold ’; aşkına (ascina) ‘amico, cognito’ 3 1 1. - cf: aşık ‘lover’; aşurmak (ascurmecc) ‘trapasare’ 244 r. - cf.: aşırmak ‘to pass over, to surpass, exceed’; at (at) cauallo’ 53 r. - cf.: at ‘horse’; at kalgıtmak (at kalghitmak) ‘maneggiar un caualo’ 159 I. - cf: kalgıtmak ‘to give a slight jump, to start, to prance’; ata, atası (ata, atassi) ‘padre’ 184 r. - cf.: ata ‘ 1. ancestor. 2. father’; atamak (atamak) ’far uoto a Dio’ 101 r. - cf: atamak ‘to appoint’; Part II - Dictionary 34 ateş (ateşe) ‘foco’ 109 1. -cf.: ateş ‘fire’; ateşi çakmak (ateşçi cciakmak) ‘batter il foco’ 42 r. - cf.: ateşi çakmak ‘to strike fire’; atık (hatik) ‘antiquo, ueccio’ 33 r. - cf.: âtık ‘old (wine, etc.)’; atlanmak (atlanmak) ‘caualeare’ 53 r. - cf.: atlanmak ‘to mount a horse'; atlu (atlu) ‘caualiero’ 53 r. - cf.: atlı ‘horseman, rider’; atmak (atmak) ‘lantiare' 143 1. - cf.: atmak ‘to cast, to throw’; atrafi (atrafi) contorno’ 65 r. - cf.: etraf ‘sides, all sides; surroundings’; av ider (au ider) cacciare’ 53 I. - cf.: avlamak ‘to hunt’; avale (hauale) ‘sopraeminentia’ 231 1. - cf.: avali pl of aliye ‘high, elevated, exalt­ ed’; avarız (hauarsi) ‘contributione del popolo’ 69 r. - cf.: avarız ‘levy, extraordinary tax’; avaz (auaz) ‘voce’ 256 1. - cf.: avaz ‘cry’, shout, clamour'; avcı (augi) ‘caciatore’ 53 1. - cf.: avcı ‘hunter, huntsman’; avlamak (aulamak) ‘cacciare’ 53 I. - cf.: avlamak ‘to hunt'; avli (hauli) claustro di maraglia, saraglio" 64 I. - cf.: avli ‘court, courtyard’; avret (hauret) ‘moglie legitima’ 166 r. - cf.: avret, avrat ‘woman, wife’; avuç (auug) ‘pugno quanto si tiene con una mano’ 116 I.; avuc (auug) ‘pugno quanto si tiene con mano’ 202 r. - cf.: avuç ‘the hollow of the hand'; ayak (ajiak) ‘piede’ 191 I., ayak dom (ajiak doni) ‘sotto calce’ 231 r. - cf.: ayak ‘foot’; ayak yol (ajiak jiol) ‘necesario, cagatore’ 170 r. - cf.: ayakyolu ‘toilet’; ayal (ajial) ‘possessore di molti figliuoli’ 194 1. - cf.: ayal ‘1. wife. 2. household (of a man)’; ayalet (ajialet) ‘prouincia’ 198 1. - cf.: eyalet ‘province’; ayan itmek (hajian itmece) ‘dicciarare' 83 1. - cf.: ayan ‘clear, plain, manifest, evident’; ayat (ajiat) ‘eloquentia, belle parole’ 94 r. - cf. perhaps: ayitmak ‘to say, to tell; to recite’; aydın (aidin) ‘chiaro splendente' 61 r. - cf.: aydın ‘luminous, light'; aydınlık (ajidinlik) ‘luce, Splendore’ 149 I. - cf.: aydınlık ‘luminous, bright; light, daylight’; aygır (aighir) cauallo intiero" 53 1. - cf.: aygır ‘stallion'; ayı (aji) ‘luna’ 149 I. - cf.: ay ‘moon’; ayib (hajib) ‘disonesto’ 83 I. - cf.: ayıb, ayıp ‘shame, disgrace'; Part II-Dictionary 35 ayid (haj id) ‘vtile guadagno profitto’ 261 r.34; ayırmak (ajİrmak) ‘partire’ 184 r. - cf.: ayırmak ‘to part, to separate’; ayirlamak (ajirlimak) ‘partire’ 184 r. - cf.: ayırmak', ayirtlamak (ajirtlamak) ‘segliere il buon dal tristo’ 223 r. - cf.: ayirtlamak = ayıklamak ‘to clear of refuse, to clean, to pick'; ayrıksı olmak (ajiriksi olmak) 'esser in mal stato’ 97 r. - cf.: ayrıksı ‘different’; aza (aza) ‘questo’ 204 1. - cf.: âza ‘ 1. member of a council, society. 2. limb, mem­ ber of the body’; azab ider (hazab ider) ‘cruciare, affligere uno’ 72 r. - cf.: azap ‘pain, torture, tor­ ment’; azarlamak (azarlamak) ‘riprendere’ 211 1., azarlamak (hazarlamak) ‘ingiuriare, dir uilania’ 136 r. - cf.: azarlamak ‘to sold, reprimand’; azcık (asagik) ‘pochetto’ 194 I. - cf.: az ‘little’; azğun (azghun) ‘peruerso, bizaro’ 187 r. - cf.: azgın ‘excessively fierce and wild, mad’; azil (hazil) ‘priuo d’uffico’ 200 r. - cf. azil 'dismissal, discharge from office’; azim (azim) ‘grande in autorita’ 121 r. - cf.: azîm ‘ 1. great, vast. 2. powerful, mag­ nificent’; azine gün (azjine gun) ‘giorno festiua cioe la domenica de Turchi’ 118 r.- cf.: azine ‘Friday’; azkin (azkin) ‘teribile, furioso’ 240 1. - cf.: azgın ‘excessively fierce and wild, mad’; azmak (azmak) ‘alagare’ 29 r. - cf.: azmak ‘ 1. to act outrageously, to become mad. 2. to grow anomalously’; azman (azman) ‘montone ueccio’ 165 I. - cf.: azman ‘1. enormous. 2. castrated animal. 3. heavy log"; azer (azer) 'chiaro, certo’ 61 r. - cf. perhaps: hazır 'ready, prepared’. 14 It is difficult to ascertain what could be the equivalent of this word presented by the Italian source in, probably, erroneous form. We can read this word w ith /a/ in anlaut due to the letter 'ain' beginning its notation in Arabic letters. Part II - Dictionary 36 B Bab (bab) ‘porta' 194 I. -cf.: bab ‘gate, door'; bac (bag) ‘datio’ 77 r. - cf.: bac ‘tribute, tax'; bad (bad) ‘vento’ 249 r. - cf.: bad ‘1. wind. 2. air"; ba’d (bhad) ‘doppo’ 85 I. - cf.: ba'd- ‘after’; badem (badem) ‘mandole' 158 r. - cf.: badem ‘almond'; bademi (bademi) ouato’ 183 1. - cf.: bademi ‘almond-shaped'; bağçe (baghcce) ‘giardino’ 118 r. - cf.: bağçe = bahçe ‘garden"; bağırsak (baghirsak) ‘budelle’ 51 I. - cf.: bağırsak = barsak ‘intestine, bowel, gut’; bağışlamak (baghislamak) ‘donare’ 85 1. - cf.: bağışlamak ‘to donate, to give gra­ tis’; bahs (bhas) ‘risolutione in cöbatere’ 211 1. - cf.: bahis ‘1. subject, topic. 2. bet. 3. investigation, search’; ba|h|ş ider (base ider) ‘scomettere’ 219 I. - cf.: bahsetmek ‘to bet’; baht (bhat) ‘fortunato, prestante’ 109 1. - cf.: baht ‘luck, fortune, destiny’; baid (bhajid) ‘lontano’ 148 1. - cf.: baid ‘remote'; baiş (bahics) ‘caggione, rispeto’ 53 r. - cf.: bais ‘cause, motive’; bakam (bakam) ‘arbore chi tinge in rosso’ 35 1. - cf.: bakkam ‘logwood’; bakır (bakir) ‘rarne' 206 1. - cf.: bakır ‘copper’; baki (baki) ‘resto, residico’ 208 I. - cf.: baki ‘enduring, permanent, everlasting’; bakl|a|va (baklua) ‘torta dolce' 243 I. - cf.: baklava ‘a kind of pastry’; bakmak (bakmak) ‘guardare" 123 I. - cf.: bakmak ‘to look, to look at'; bakraç (bakrag) ‘caldara col manico’ 54 r. - cf.: bakraç ‘copper bucket’; bakşiş (bakscisc) ‘dono, presente’ 85 1. - cf.: bahşiş ‘gift, present; tip’; bal (bal) ‘mele’ 161 r. - cf.: bal ‘honey'; bal mumi (bal mumi) ‘cera’ 59 1. - cf.: balmumu ‘wax’; baldır (baldir) ‘polpa della gamba’ 195 r. - cf.: baldır ‘calf of the leg"; baliğ (baligh) ‘giouene fatto’ 118 r. - cf.: baliğ ‘adolescent; adult’; balkan (balkan) ‘monte aspro’ 165 I. - cf.: balkan ‘chain of wooded mountains'; baluk (baluk) ‘pesce’ 187 I. - cf.: balık ‘fish’; Part II - Dictionary 37 baradar (baradar) ‘fratello’ 112 r. - cf.: birader ‘brother’; baran (baran) ‘pioggia’ 191 I. - cf.: baran ‘rain, shower’; bardak (bardak) ‘vaso di terra per’ 246 r. - cf.: bardak ‘cup, mug’; bargir (barghir) ‘roncino’ 214 r. - cf.: bargir ‘1. carrying a load..2. beast of bur­ den; baggage horse’; barışık (bariscik) ‘pace’ 184 r. - cf.: barış ‘peace’, barışık ‘at peace’; barışmak (bariscmak) ‘pacificiare’ 184 r. - cf.: barışmak ‘to be reconciled; to make peace’; bari ta’alayi (baritahalaji) ‘Iddio’ 129 I. - cf: bari-i taalâ 'the Creator, may he be exalted’; barut (barut) ‘pouere da archibuggio’ 195 r. - cf.: barut ‘gunpowder’; basıb ider (basib ider) ‘andar calpestando caleâdo’ 32 r. - cf.: basmak ‘ 1. to stand on. 2. to press. 3. to stamp’; basiret (basiret) ‘giuditio’ 118 I. - cf.: basiret ‘perception, insight, understanding"; basiretsiz (basiretsis) ‘senza giuditio’ 223 r. - cf.: basiretsiz ‘lacking discernment, devoid of foresight’; baskın ider (baskin ider) ‘assaltare si dice d'un vilaggio" 37 1. - cf.: baskın etmek ‘to make a surprise attack or raid’; basmak (basmak) ‘assaltare si dice d’huomini’ 37 1., basmak (basmak) ‘caleare, premere’ 53 1. - cf.: basmak ‘1. to press, to tread upon. 2. to overwhelm, to raid, to attack suddenly’; baş (base) ‘capo’ 53 1. - cf.: baş ‘head’; baş ider (base ider) ‘diuidere, spartire â ciascuno la sua portione’ 82 r. - cf.: baş etmek ‘to succeed, to overcome’; başka (başka) ‘diuerso’ 82 r. - cf.: başka ‘other, different"; başlamak (basclamak) ‘cominciare" 65 I. - cf.: başlamak ‘to begin’; batal olmak (batal olmak) ‘disusare una cosa’ 82 r. - cf.: battal olmak ‘to be can­ celled, to be out of date’; batı (bati) ‘ponente’ 269 r. - cf.: batı ‘west; western’; bayam (bajiam) ‘mandole' 158 r. - cf.: payam ‘almond"; bayat (bajiat) ‘rancio’ 206 I. - cf.: bayat ‘stale, not fresh, old’; bay (baji) ‘rico’ 2111. - cf.: bay ‘rich"; baykuş (bajikusc) ‘alloco, cello notumo’ 29 r. - cf.: baykuş ‘owl"; baylik (bajilik) ‘richezza, faculta’ 2111. - cf.: baylik ‘wealth, opulence"; bayrak (bajirak) ‘bandiera comune’ 41 1. - cf.: bayrak ‘flag, standard, colours’; bayraktar (bajiraktar) ‘alfiero’ 29 I. - cf.: bayraktar ‘standard bearer’; bayram (bajiram) ‘pasqua’ 184 l.-cf.: bayram ‘national holiday, festival"; Part II - Dictionary 38 I. bazar (bazar) ‘Domenica" 267 1. - cf.: Pazar 'Sunday’; II. bazar (bazar) ‘mercato piazza’ 161 r., tali bazar (thali bazar) 'piazza doue si uende il grano’ 192 r. - cf.: bazar ‘market’; bazarci (bazargi) ’riuenderuolo" 211 I. - cf.: pazarcı 'seller in an outdoor market'; bazarertesi (bazar ertesi) ‘Lunedi’ 267 1. - cf.: Pazartesi ‘Monday’; bazı (bazi) ‘alcuni’ 29 r. - cf.: bazı ‘some, certain, some of; bazirgan (bazirgian) ‘mercante’ 161 r. cf.: bazirgân ‘merchant’; bazu (bazu) ‘pesce del braccio' 187 1. - cf.: bazu ‘the upper arm, strength’, pazı ‘arm; brachium’; bazubent (bazubent) ‘fauore che si porta al braccio' 101 1. - cf.: bazubend ‘armlet, brassard’, bebir (bebir) ‘tigre' 242 I. - cf.: bebr ‘leopard’; bedayin (bedajin) ‘mal auezzo’ 158 r. - cf.: bed'âyin ‘ill-bred, wicked, perverse’; bedbad (bedbad) ‘malfatore’ 158 r. - cf. perhaps: bedbaht ‘unlucky, unhappy’; bedel (bedel) ‘cambio uno posto in luoga...altro’35 54 r. - cf.: bedel ‘substitute, equivalent"; bedfial (bedfihal) ‘malfatore’ 158 r. - cf.: bedfial ‘mischievous, evil-doing’; bedinuz (bedinus) ‘gallo’ 115 1. - Both in historical and contemporary' sources one cannot find the form bedinuz. bedkarnal (bed carnal) ‘mal becho' 158 r. - cf. perhaps: bed ‘ugly; bad, evil’ + karnal ‘pander to his own wife’; bedzuban (bedzuban) ‘mala lingua" 158 r. - cf. perhaps: bedzeban ‘foul-mouthed, scurrilous’; beg (bege) ‘signore di comando’ 228 r. - cf.: beğ = bey ‘1. gentleman. 2. chief, head, ruler’; beğayet (beghajiet) ‘grandemente’ 120 I. - cf.: begayet ‘extremity, exceedingly’; beğenmek (beğenmek) ‘agradire’ 27 1. - cf.: beğenmek ‘ 1. to like. 2. to approve’; beglemek (beghlemecc) ‘guardare, far la guarda’ 123 1. - cf.: beklemek ‘to guard, to watch over’; beglik (beglicc) ‘signoria, dominio’ 228 r. - cf.: beylik ‘region ruled over by a ruler, principality’; be|h|adur (beadur) ‘brauo’ 50 r. - cf.: behadur ‘brave, gallant, hero’; be|h|ar (bear) ‘estate’ 97 r. - cf.: bahar ‘spring’; be|h|ey (beeji) ‘ola’ 177 1. - cf.: behey ‘expressing irritation in the vocative “O’"; bekâr (becciar) ‘senza moglie’ 223 r. - cf.: bekâr ‘single, unmarried"; bekçi (bekcci) ‘guardiano"123 1. - cf.: bekçi ‘watchman, guard’; 35 The part of the commentary explaining the meaning is illegible. Part II-Dictionary 39 bela (bela) ‘fastidio’ 102 r. - cf.: belâ ‘misfortune, trouble, calamity’; belalı (belali) ‘fastidito’ 102 r. - cf.: belâlı ‘calamitous, troublesome’; beli (beli) ‘ cosi inquesto modo’ 65 I. - cf.: beli ‘yes’; beli olur (beli olur) ‘vedersi’ 249 r. - cf.: belli ‘known, evident, cle^r’; belki (belcci) ‘forsi’ 109 I. - cf.: belki ‘perhaps, maybe’; belkim (belccim) ‘forsi’ 109 I. - cf.: belkim ‘var. of belki’; belut (belut) ‘gianda’ 118 1. - cf.: bellût ‘acoms, oakmast’; belü degül (belu degiul) ’dubioso, incerto' 89 1. - cf.: bellisiz ‘unknown, uncer­ tain’; belii (belu) ‘certo chiaro’ 59 I. - cf.: belli ‘known, evident, clear’; belürmek (belurmecc) ‘comparire, improuisamte’ 66 r. - cf.: belirmek ‘to appear, to become visible’; ben (ben)‘Io’ 141 I. - cf.: ben ‘I’; benam (benam) ‘famoso’ 102 r. - cf.: bencim ‘ 1. named. 2. famous’; bend (bend) ‘argine sostegno ad acqua’ 35 1. - cf.: bend ‘bond, tie, fastening’; bende (bende) ‘scciauo del Re ö d’altri’ 221 r. - cf.: bende ‘slave, servant’; bengilik (bengilik) ‘herba che fa mpazare et doler il capo’ 126 r. - cf.: bengilik otu ‘bot. thornapple’ benzemek (begnsemecc) ‘parero, uideri' 184 r. - cf.: benzemek ‘to resemble, to look like, to seem like’; beraber (beraber) ‘equate’ 93 I. - cf.: beraber ‘together, accompanying’; berat (berat) ‘carta p[er] Tinues[t]itura’ 54 r., berat (berat) ‘inuestitura’ 133 I. - cf.: berat ‘patent, warrant, title of privilege’; beraya (berajia) 'vilano’ 251 r. - cf.: reaya ve beraya ‘the tribute-paying and the free’; berber (berber) ’barbiero’ 41 I. - cf: berber ’barber, hairdresser’; berdar ider (berdar ider) ‘impicare’ 131 I. - cf.: berdar etmek ‘to execute by hang­ ing, to hang’; bere (bere) ‘nizzo’ 1711. - cf.: bere ‘bruise’; berekat (bereccat) ‘mercede, ricompensa’ 161 r. - cf.: bereket ‘blessing, divine gift’; bereta (bereta) ‘berentino, capeleto’ 44 I. - cf: barata ’1. kind of cloth cap. 2. Turk’s cap lily’; bergiizar (bergiuzar) ‘presente, dono’ 198 r. - cf.: bergiizar ‘present, gift, souve­ nir’; berhordar (berhordar) ’felice’ 106 r. - cf.: berhordar ‘prosperity, success, happi­ ness’; Part II-Dictionary 40 berma|h|bus (bermabus) ‘priggioniero' 198 r. - cf.: ber- ‘on, in, according to’ + mahbus ‘prisoner’; bermurad olmak (bermurad olmak) ‘esser sodisfato, contentato secondo la uolonta" 97 r. - cf.: bermurad ‘1. having one’s wish come true, satisfied, hap­ py. 2. according to one’s wishes'; berii (beru) ‘qua' 203 1. - cf.: beri ‘hither, here, near’; beriiden (beruden) ‘qua’ 203 I. - see: berir, besleme (besselme) ‘alieuo’ 29 r. - cf.: besleme ‘domestic servant brought up in a house from childhood’; beslemek (besslemecc) ‘nutrire, aleuare" 173 1. - cf.: beslemek ‘to feed, nourish’; besmele (bessmele) ‘inuocatione’ 133 1. - cf.: besmele ‘the formula “bismillah”’; beş (besc) ‘5’ 265 1. - cf: beş ‘five’; beşaret (bescaret) ‘buona noua’ 51 1. - cf.: beşaret ‘good news'; beşik (bescicc) ‘culla da fanciullo" 75 I. - cf.: beşik ‘cradle’; beşincisi (bescingisi) ‘quinto’ 265 r. - cf.: beşinci ‘fifth’; beter (beter) ‘peggiore' 187 1. - cf.: beter ‘worse’; betni (betni) ‘venetro' 249 r. - cf.: batni ‘abdominal, ventral’; beyan olmak (bejian olmak) ‘racontare un fatto’ 206 1. - cf: beyan etmek ‘to ex­ press, declare, announce’; beyaz (bejiaz) ‘bianco’ 45 1. - cf.: beyaz ‘white’; beyt (bejit) ‘verso, carmen" 249 I. - cf.: beyt = beyit ‘couplet, distich’; bez (bez) tela’ 240 I. - cf.: bez ‘linen or cotton material’; bezenmek (bezenmece) ‘ornare’ 180 1. - cf.: pass, of bezemek ‘to deck, adorn, embellish’; bezmek (bezmek) ‘satiarsi di qualche cosa’ 216 r. - cf.: bezmek ‘to get tired of, to become disgusted’; bıçak (biccak) ‘cotello" 66 r. - cf: bıçak ‘knife’; bırakmak (birakmak) ‘gitar della mano’ 118 r. - cf.: bırakmak ‘to leave, to aban­ don’; b|i]yik (bjik) ‘mostacci’ 165 1. - cf.: bıyık ‘moustache’; biber (biber) ‘pepe’ 187 1. - cf.: biber ‘pepper’; bican (bigian) ‘inanimate’ 134 r. - cf.: bican ‘lifeless; spiritless’; biçmek (biccmecc) ‘segare' 223 r. - cf.: biçmek ‘to cut’; bid’at (bidhat) ‘inouatione’ 133 1. — cf.: bid'at ‘innovation’; bidset (bidset) ‘senza mano’ 223 r. - cf. perhaps: bedşekl “deformed, ill-shaped, ugly’; bigal (bighal) ‘mulo’ 168 r. - cf.: bağl ‘mule’; Part II-Dictionary 41 bigayir [hjakin (bighajir akin) ‘inocentemente’ 133 1. - cf.: bigayir hakkin ‘without any right, unjustly’; bigi (bigi) ‘come’ 66 r. - cf.: bigi = gibi ‘like’; bigiran (bigima) ‘imenso, infinito’ 131 l.-cf.: bigiran ‘infinite, inestimable’ bigran (bigran) ‘sorgeria’ 231 r. - cf. perhaps: bîkerân, bîgerân ‘endless, bound­ less, immense’. See: Pomorska 2013: 43. bil temam (bil temam) ‘affatto, giustamento’ 26 I. - cf.: tamam ‘complete, fin­ ished; completely’; bilcümle (bilgiumle) ‘tutti’ 245 r. - cf.: bilcümle ‘all, entire, entirely’; bi|l|dürmek (bidurmecc) ‘auertire, auisare’ 39 I. - cf.: bildirmek ‘to communicate, to make known’; bile (bile) ‘insieme, con’ 133 I. - cf.: bile ‘together’; bilece gitmek (bileğe gitmece) ‘andar insieme, di cöpagnia’ 32 r. - cf.: bilece ‘to­ gether, in company with’ + gitmek ‘to go’; bilece olmak (bilegie olmak) ‘esser congiunto’ 97 r. - cf.: bilece ‘together, in company with’; bilek (bilece) ‘parte di manzi del braccio’ 184 I. - cf.: bilek ‘wrist’; bilemek (bilemece) ‘aguzzare’ 27 1. - cf.: bilemek ‘to sharpen’; bilitmek (bilitmecc) ‘far saper’ 101 I. - cf.: bildirmek ’to make known’; bilmek (bilmece) ‘sapere esser informato’ 216 r. - cf.: bilmek ‘to know’; bilmuvace (bilmuuagee) ‘â faccia, â faccia’ 26 1. - cf.: bilmuvacehe ‘by confront­ ing’; bilsevab (bilseuab) ‘rimerito’ 211 I. - Judging by the Italian meaning rimerito ‘re­ ward’ one can associate this word with sevab ‘God’s reward for a pious act or good conduct on earth.’ The prefix bil-, however, (if it is a prefix) is obscure. bilur (bilur) ‘cristalo’ 72 r. - cf.: billur ‘crystal’; bilürsiz (bilursis) ‘incerto che non pare’ 133 1. - cf.: bilmez ‘who does not know’; bin (bign) ‘ 1000’ 267 r. - cf.: bin ‘thousand’; bi|n|a (bia) ‘fabrica’ 102 r.-cf.: bina ‘edifice, building’; binmek (binmece) ‘salire, montare’ 216 r. - cf.: binmek ‘mount; ride’; bir (bir) ‘ 1 ’ 265 I. - cf.: bir ‘one’; bir defa (bir deffa) ‘una uolta’ 254 I. - cf.: bir defa ‘once’; birbir (birbir) ‘uno doppo I’atro’ 254 1. - cf.: birbir ‘each other’; biregü (biregu) ‘vn’altra persona’ 254 I. - cf.: biregü ‘someone, somebody’; bi rez (birez) ‘vn poco, alquanto’ 254 1. - cf.: biraz ‘a little"; birezden (biresden) ‘daqui un poco’ 77 r. - cf.: birazdan ‘in a little while; a little later; 42 Part II-Dictionary birikmek (birjigmecc) ‘racgliere’ 206 I. - cf.: birikmek ‘1. to come together. 2. to unite’; birine (birincc) ‘ottone’ 182 I. - cf.: birine = pirinç ’brass’; birle (birle) ‘insieme, con’ 133 1. - cf.: birle ‘with’; birpare (birpare) ‘vnpoco, un pezzato" 254 1. - cf.: bir + pare ‘piece, portion'; bis (bis) ‘noi‘ 172 r. - cf.: biz ‘we’; bist (bjist) ‘20" 266 r. - cf.: bist ‘twenty’; bist ve çar (bjist ue ccar) ‘24‘ 266 r. -cf.: bist ‘twenty' + çar ‘four’; bist ve du (bjist ue du) ‘22’ 266 r. - cf.: bist ‘twenty’ + dii ‘two'; bist ve |h|eft (bjist ue eft) ’27' 266 I. - cf.: bist "twenty' + heft ‘seven'; bist ve heşet (bist ue ...?6) "28‘ 266 1. - cf.: bist ‘twenty" + heşt ‘eight"; bist ve nü|h] (bjist ue nu) ‘29' 266 1. - cf.: bist ‘twenty' + niih ‘nine'; bist ve penc (bjist ue peng) ‘25’ 266 1. - cf.: bist ‘twenty’ + penc ‘five'; bist ve se (bjist ue se) ‘23’ 266 r. - cf.: bist ‘twenty’ + se "in dice game three'; bist ve şeş (bjist ue scesc) ‘26’ 266 1. - cf.: bist ‘twenty' + şeş ‘six'; bist ve yek (bjist ue jiecc) ‘21’ 266 r. - cf.: bist ‘twenty' + yek ‘one’; bisüm (bisum) ‘nostro’ 172 r. - cf.: bizim ‘our’; bisyar (bissjiar) ‘infinite, inumerabile’ 133 I. - cf.: bisyar ‘much, numerous, very; often'; bit (bit)‘pidoccio’ 191 1. - cf.: bit ‘louse"; bitmek (bitmece) ‘nascere, uenir al mondo' 169 r. - cf.: bitmek ‘to come into exist­ ence’; bitürmek (biturmecc) ‘effetuare" 93 r. - cf.: bitirmek ‘to accomplish’; bivefa (bjiuefa) ‘dispetoso’ 82 r., bivef'a (bjiuefa) ‘ingrato, senza niditia’ 134 r. cf.: bifeva ‘faithless, insincere, ungrateful’; bivücud (bjiugud) ‘debile, inferme, senza forza’ 79 r. - cf.: bivücud ‘non-existent ’; biz (bjiz) ‘lesina' 145 1. - cf.: biz ‘awl’; bizuban (bizuban) ‘muto’ 168 r. - cf.: bizeban ‘mute, dumb'; boğaz (boghaz) ‘gola" 119 1. - cf.: boğaz ‘throat’; boğazlamak (boghazlamak) ‘sagatare taglar la gola’ 216 r. - cf.: boğazlamak "to slaughter (by cutting the throat)'; boğday (boghdai) ‘frumento' 112 r. - cf.: boğday, buğday ‘wheat’; boğulmak (boghûlmak) ‘anegarsi’ 32 r. - cf.: boğulmak ‘to be drowned, to drown'; ?6 Some part of the Italian commentary is missing. Part II - Dictionary 43 bo|h|tan (bottan) ‘imputatione uania’ 131 1. -cf.: bühtan ‘false accusation, calum­ ny’; bok (bok) ‘merda’ 161 r. - cf.: bok ‘excrement, dung’; bol (bol) ‘ampio largo’ 31 1. - cf.: bol ‘ample, copious’; bolay ki (bolajicci) ‘potria essere’ 195 r. - cf.: bolay ki ‘maybe, perhaps’; bore (borg) ‘debito’ 79 r. - cf.: borç ‘debt, loan’; bon (bori) ‘tromba’ 244 r. - cf.: boru ‘pipe, tube; trumpet’; boş (bosc) ‘voto,uacuo’ 256 1. - cf.: boş ‘empty’; boşamak (boscamak) ‘ripudiare’ 212 r. - cf.: boşamak ‘to repudiate, divorce (one’s wife)’; boşlamak (bosclamak) ‘votare'37 256 1. - cf.: boşlamak ‘to neglect, to let alone; to loose’; boya (bojia) ‘colore’ 66 r. - cf.: boya ‘paint, dye’; boyamak (bojiamak) ‘colorire’ 66 r. - cf.: boyamak 'to paint’; boyun (bojiun) ‘collo’ 66 I. - cf.: boyun ‘neck’; bozağu (bozaghu) ‘vitello’ 251 r. - cf.: buzağı ‘calf; bozmak (bozmak) ‘guastare’ 123 1. - cf.: bozmak ‘to undo, to disintegrate’; brek (brecc) ‘teribilmente’ 240 I. - cf. perhaps: bre = bire 'exclamation of sur­ prise; oh, ah’; bu (bu)‘ questo’ 204 1. - cf.: bu ‘this’; bu gez (bugies) = bu kez ‘questo uolta’ 204 I. - cf.: bu kez ‘this time’; bucak (buziak) ‘cantone’ 54 r. - cf.: bucak ‘comer'; buçuk (buccuk) 'mezo’ 161 r. - cf.: buçuk 'half; budala (budala) ‘pazzo’ 184 r. - cf.: budala ‘foolish, fool"; buğuz (bughuz) ‘odio’ 175 1. - cf.: buğz ‘hatred, malevolence’; buhul (buhul) ‘auaro’ 39 1. - cf.: buhul' 1. avarice. 2. stinginess’; buhur (buccur) ‘profumo’ 198 1. - cf.: buhur ‘incense, fumigatory’; buldurun (buldurgin) ‘quaglia’ 203 I. - cf.: bıldırcın ‘quail'; buluşmak (buluscmak) trouarsi con uno’ 244 r. - cf.: buluşmak ‘to come together, to meet’; bun (bun) ‘grosslono, semplice’ 120 1. - cf.: bun ‘distress, depression, calamity"; bunamış (bunamisc) ‘ribambito’ 212 r. - cf.: bunamış ‘dotard’; bunce (bunge) ‘alquanti’ 29 r. - cf.: bunca ‘this much, so much’; bunda (bunda) ‘qua’ 203 I. - cf.: bunda ‘here, hither'; 37 According to the Italian source the meaning of this verb differs from the common­ ly known denotation of this verb. 44 Part II - Dictionary bunyad ider (bunjiad ider) ‘fabricare’ 102 r. - cf.: bünyad ‘I. foundation. 2. con­ struction of a building*; buraden (buraden) ‘di qua da questo" 82 r. - cf.: buradan ‘from here, hence’; buraya (burajia) ‘qua da questa parte’ 203 I. - cf.: buraya ‘here, hither’; burazer (burazer) ‘fratello’ 112 r. - cf: birader ‘brother’; burci akreb (burgi akreb) ‘270 r. - cf.: burc-u akreb ‘Scorpio’; burci cedi (burgi gedji) 270 r. - cf.: burc-u cedi ‘Capricorn’; bu rci cevza (burgi geuza) 270 r. - cf.: burc-u cevza ‘Gemini’; burci delv (burgi delu) 270 r. - cf.: burc-u delv ‘Aquarius’; bu rci esed (burgi esed) 270 r. - cf.: burc-u esed ‘Leo’; bu rci hamil (burgi hamil) 270 r. - cf.: burc-u hamel ‘Aries’; burci hut (burgi hut) 270 r. - cf.: burc-u hut ‘Pisces’; burci kavz (burgi kauz) 270 r. - cf.: burc-u kavs ‘Sagittarius’; burci mizan (burgi mizan) ‘270 r. - cf.: burc-u mizan ‘Libra’; bu rci seretan (burgi seretan) 270 r. - cf.: burc-u seretan ‘Cancer’; burci sünbüle (burgi sunbule) 270 r. - cf.: burc-u sünbüle ‘Virgo’; burci şeviir (burgi sceuur) 270 r. - cf.: burc-u sevr ‘Taurus'; burk (burcc) ‘capello’ 54 r. - There is a problem with the identification of this word. burun (burun) ‘naso’ 175 1. - cf.: burun ‘nose’; bustan (bustan) ‘horto’ 127 r. - cf.: bostan ‘vegetable garden’; but (but) ‘coscia’ 65 1. - cf.: but ‘thigh’; buyiruk (bujiruk) ‘comandantento del Re’ 65 r. - cf.: buyruk ‘command, decree’; buyurmak (bujiurmak) ‘comandare’ 65 r. - cf.: buyurmak ‘to order’; buz (buz) ‘giaccio’ 118 I. - cf.: buz ‘ice’; buz renk (buzrencc) ‘beretino colore’ 44 1. - cf.: boz ‘grey’ + renk ‘colour’; buzğun (buzghun) ‘guasto’ 123 1. - cf.: bozgun ‘1. rout. Defeat. 2. routed, defeat­ ed. 3. demolished’; buzlanmak (buzlanmak) ‘agiacciare’ 27 1. - cf.: buzlanmak pass, or refl. of buzlamak ‘to freeze’; biibrek (bubrecc) ‘rognoni’ 214 r. - cf.: böbrek ‘kidney’; biikri (buccri) ‘curuo, piegato’ 75 I. - cf.: biikülü ‘bent, twisted, crooked’; bülbül (bulbul) ‘ rosignuolo’ 214 r. - cf.: bülbül ‘nightingale’; biilend (bulned) ‘bello prestante’ 44 1. - cf.: btilend ‘high, elevated'; biirge (burge) ‘merlo’ 161 r. - cf.: biirke ‘seagull’; Part II - Dictionary 45 bürüncük (burungucc) ‘tela p[er] donne sotile’ 240 1. - cf.: bürüncük ‘kind of crepe made out of raw silk’; bürünmek (burunmecc) ‘fasciare, euolgare’ 102 r. - cf.: bürünmek ‘to wrap around oneself; büyle (bujile) ‘cosi inquesto modo’ 65 1. - cf.: böyle ‘such, similar to this’; büyük (bujuk) ‘grande’ 120 1. - cf.: büyük ‘great, large’; büzük (busuk) ‘culo’ 75 1. - cf.: büzük ‘anus’. Caba (gaba) ‘presente, dono’ 198 r. - cf.: caba ’1. gratis, for nothing. 2. thrown into the bargain’; cadi (giadi) ‘fantasama che uiene ad un corpo mato’ 102 I. - cf.: cadi ‘ I. witch. 2. vampire’; ca|h|en (giaen) ‘inanzi, impresenza, inpublico’ 134 I. - cf.: cahiyen ‘openly, pub­ licly’; ca|h|il (giail) ‘ignorante senza giuditio’ 130 1. - cf.: cahil ‘ignorant, ignoramus’; cami (garni) ‘tempio’ 240 I. - cf.: cami ‘mosque’; camus (cciamus) ‘bufallo’ 51 1. - cf.: camus ‘water buffalo'; can (gian) ‘animo’ 32 r., can (gian) ‘core, animo’ 69 1. - cf.: can ‘soul’; can atmak (gian atmak) ‘usar diligenza’ 259 r. - cf.: can atmak ‘to desire strong- canever (gianeuer) ‘animale saluatico in generale’ 32 1; canever (gianeuer) ‘porco cingiale’ 195 r. - cf.: canavar ‘1. wild beast, rapacious animal. 2. wild hog’; cani (giani) ‘animoso’ 32 r. - cf.: cani ‘vital, spiritual’; canib, canibe (gianib, gianibe) ‘parta, banda’ 184 I. - cf.: canib ’1. side. 2. direc­ tion’; canlı (gianii) ‘animoso’ 32 r. - cf.: canlı ‘ 1. living, animate. 2. lively, alive’; cari (giarji) ‘acqua corente’ 23 1. - cf.: cari ‘flowing, running, moving'; cariye (giarjie) ‘seruente, massara’ 223 1. - cf.: cariye ‘female slave"; cas (gass) ‘calcina’ 54 I. - cf.: cis ‘gypsum, plaster, chalk'; 46 Part II-Dictionary çayız (giajiz) ‘conueniente’ 67 r. - cf.: caiz ‘proper, right’; cazu (giazu) ‘incantatrice’ 134 I. - cf.: cadr, cebe (gebe)’corazza’ 67 1. - cf.: cebe ‘armor, cuirass’; cebeci (gebegi) ‘corazziero, chi fa corazze, arme’ 67 1. - cf.: Ott. hist, cebeci ‘ar­ morer attached to a special military corps’; cebehane (gebe hane) ‘armeria’ 35 1. - cf.: cebehane, cepane, cephane ‘1. ammu­ nition. 2. powder magazine’; cebren (gebren) ‘per forza’ 188 r. - cf.: cebren ‘by force'; cebrile (gebrile) ‘per forza' 188 r. - cf.: cebre ‘compulsory', forced’; ced (ged) ‘auo' 39 1. - cf.: ced ‘grandfather’; ced be ced (ged be ged) ‘d'auo in auo’ 77 r. - cf.: ced ‘1. grandfather. 2. forefa­ ther'; cedid (gedid) ‘nouo’ 172 r. - cf.: cedid ‘new, modern'; cefa (gefa) ‘offesa’ 176 r., cefa (gefa) ‘torto, ofesa’ 243 1. - cf: cefa ‘1. cruelty, oppression. 2. unkindness, harshness’; ce|h|d ider (ged ider) ‘trauagliare, affatticarsi’ 244 r. - cf.: cehdetmek ‘to strive, to exert oneself; ce|h|enem (geenem) ‘inferno’ 134 I. - cf.: cehennem ‘hell’; ce|h|il (geil) ‘ignoranza’ 130 1. - cf.: cehil ‘ignorance’; celad (gelad) ‘boia’ 47 1. - cf.: celed' 1. hard. 2. hardy, enduring, energetic’; celal olmak (gelal olmak) ‘ingrandirsi, soleuarsi' 134 1. - cf.: celal ‘glory, majesty' of God’; celali (gelali) ‘ribello* 212 1. - cf.: Ott. hist. Celali ‘Jalali rebel’; çelil hazretleri (gelil hazretleri) ‘grandissimo, imensso, altis:mo’ 120 1. - cf.: celil ‘great, glorious’; cem ider (gemh ider) ‘racgliere’ 206 1. - cf.: cem'etmek ‘to collect, to bring to­ gether’; cemaat (gemahat) ‘congregatione di molti homini' 67 1. - cf.: cemaat ‘congrega­ tion’; cemah itmek (gemah itmece) ‘fottere' 109 1. - cf. perhaps: cem ‘collection, mass, group’; cemal (gemal) ‘facia, presenza, aspetto’ 103 r., cemal (gemal) ‘presenza, aspetto’ 199 r. - cf.: cemal ‘ 1. beauty, grace. 2. perfection (of God); ceman (geman) ‘tutti’ 245 r. - cf.: cem 'an ‘as a total, in all’; Cemazilahir (gemazilahir) ‘Agosto’ 269 1. - cf.: Cemaziyel'ahir ‘the name of the sixth month of the Arabian lunar year’; Cemazilevel (gemazileuel) ‘Luglio’ 269 1. - cf.: Cemazilevvel ‘the name of the fifth month of the Arabian lunar year"; Part II - Dictionary 47 cemel (gemel) ’camelo’ 53 r. - cf.: cemmal ‘camel owner; camel driver’; cemil (gemil) ‘bello’ 44 I. - cf.: cemil ‘charming, beautiful’; cemiyet (gemihjiet) ‘congregatione di molti homini’ 67 I. - cf.: cemiyet ‘society, association’; cemre (gemre) ‘ruggiada’ [rosa] 215 I. - cf.: cemre an ‘increase in warmth sup­ posed to fall from the sun onto, successively, the air, water, and earth in Feb­ ruary’; cenet (genet) ‘paradiso’ 184 I. - cf.: cennet ‘paradise, heaven’; cenk eyler (genk ejiler) ‘farguerr’ 102 l.-cf.: cenk ‘battle, combat’; cenkci (genkgi) ‘soldato’ 231 I. - cf.: cenkçi ‘warrior’; cep (gep) ‘borssa’ 47 1. - cf.: cep ‘pocket’; cera (gera) ‘cirucico’ 62 1. - cf. perhaps: cerrah ‘surgeon’; cerhat (gerhat) ‘ferita’ 106 r. - cf.: cerha ‘wound’; cerime (gerime) ‘condanaggione’ 67 I., cerime (gerime) ‘multa condanaggione’ 168 r. - cf.: cerime ‘ 1. penalty. 2. sin, crime’; cevab (geuab) ‘risposta’ 212 I. - cf.: cevap ‘answer’; cevablaşmak (geuablascmak) ‘rispordere’ 212 I. - cf.: cevaplanmak 'to exchange replies’; ceva|h|ir (geuair) ‘gioia’ 118 1. - cf.: cevahir ‘jewelry’; ceviz (geuiz) ‘noce’ 172 I. - cf.: ceviz ‘walnut’; cevşen (geuscen) ‘piastrino’ 192 r. - cf.: cevşen ‘coat of mail, cuirass’; ceza ider (geza ider) ‘afligere’ 26 I. - cf.: ceza ‘punishment; fine'; cıva (ziua) ‘argento uiuo’ 36 r. - cf.: cıva ‘mercury’; cibal (gibal) ‘monti plu’ 166 r. - cf.: cibal ‘pl. of cebel ‘mountain, hili’; cida (gida) ‘lancia da spaoglani’ 143 I. - cf.: cida, cida ‘lance, spear’; cidal (gidal) ‘combatimento, guera’ 67 I., cidal (gidal) ‘guerra, combatimento' 123 I. - cf.: cidal ‘fight, combat’; ciger (gigher) ‘fegato’ 106 r. - cf.: ciğer ‘liver’; cigerdar (ccigerdar) ‘brauo’ 50 r. - cf.: ciğerdar ‘plucky, brave’; ci|h|anyan (gianjian) ‘luno et I’altro mondo’ 149 I. - cf.: cihan ‘world, universe’; cihayim (gihajim) ‘inferno’ 134 I. - cf.: cehennem ’hell’; cineti (gineti) ‘tristo furbo come un foletto’ 244 r. - cf.: cinnet ‘insanity, madness’; cisir (gisir) ‘ponte’ 195 r. - cf.: cisr ‘bridge’; cild (gild) ‘cartone delIi Iibri’ 54 I. - cf.: cilt ‘a binding of a book; volume’; cin (gin) ‘foletto, inuisibile alato’ 109 l.-cf.: cin 'demon, evil spirit’; cinan (ginan) ‘paradiso’ 184 I. - cf.: cinan 'pl. of cennet'; Part II-Dictionary 48 cins: cins adem (gins adem) ‘home da bene di bona natione’ 127 r. - cf.: cins ‘sort, type, kind’; cism (gisim) ‘corpo’ 67 r. - cf.: cisim ‘body’; cugez (gugez) ‘picciolo’ 191 1. - cf.: -cuğaz -cüğez archaic for -cağız, -ceğiz - di­ minutive often implying endearment or pity; cuma (guma) ‘giomo festiua cioe la domenica de Turchi’ 118 r., cuma, cuma azine (gumha, gumha azine) ‘vener di festa del Turchi’ 267 1. - cf: Cuma ‘Friday’; cumartesi (gumhairtesi) ‘sabato’ 267 1. - cf.: Cumartesi ‘Saturday’; cura (gura) ‘chitarino’ 61 I. - cf.: cura ‘the smallest variety of bağlama; cüce (giuge) ‘nano’ 169 r. - cf.: cüce ‘dwarf; cüdam (giudam) ‘infranciosato, leproso’ 134 1. - cf: cüzam ‘leprosy’; cümle (giumle) ‘tutti’ 245 r. - cf: cümle ‘all’; cünub (giunub) ‘mezzo giorno’ 269 r., cünub (giunub) ‘ostro’ 269 r. - cf.: cenub ‘south’; cüzi (guzji) ‘pochetto’ 194 I. - cf: cüz ‘part, fragment, piece’. Çadır (cciadir) ‘padiglione’ 184 r. - cf: çadır ‘tent’; çağale (cciaghale) ‘mandole fresche’ 158 1. - cf: çağala, çağla ‘green almond eaten in the shell’; çağırmak (cciahirmak) ‘chiamare’ 61 r. - çağırmak ‘1. to call, to invite. 2. to call out, to shout’; çağlamak su (cciaghlamak su) ‘mormorare del acqua’ 166 r. - cf: çağlamak ‘to burble, purl, plash (falling water)’; çak degin (cciak degin) ‘sino, a, ad’ 228 r. - cf.: çağ ‘time, age’ + değin ‘until’; çakal (ccakal) ‘vo’lpe’ 256 1. - cf: çakal ‘jackal’; çakır (ccakir) ‘astore’ 37 1. - cf.: çakır ‘goshawk’; çakmak: demiri çakmak (demiri cciakmak) ‘batter foco’ 42 r. - cf: çakmak ‘to strike (fire, blow)’; Part II - Dictionary 49 çakşır (cciakscir) ‘calce’ 54 1. - cf. perhaps: çakşır ‘trousers secured round the waist in folds, and sewn to light leather boots at the ankles’; çalgı (ccialgi) ‘sonatore’ 231 I. - cf.: çalgı ‘musical instrument’; çalep (ccialep) ‘Iddio’ 129 I. - cf.: archaic Çalap ‘God’; I. çalı (ccali) ’40’ 266 I. - This word looks like a homonym for the one presented below; however, it is difficult to establish its identification. II. çalı (cciali) ‘colino’38 6 7 I. - cf.: çalı ‘bush, shrub’; çalışmak (ccalismak) ‘trauagliare, affatticarsi’ 244 r. - cf.: çalışmak ‘l.to work. 2. to try, to strive’; çalkanmak (ccialkanmak) ‘dimenare una cosa’ 82 I. - cf.: çalkamak ‘1. to agitate. 2. to shake’; çalma (ccalma) ‘turbante picciolo’ 245 r. - cf.: çalma ‘a kind of turban’; çalmak (ccialmak) ‘ferire’ 106 r., çalmak (ccalmak) ‘percotere’ 188 r., çalmak (ccialmak) ‘sonare’ 231 I. - cf.: çalmak ‘ 1. to strike, to throw. 2. to move con­ tinuously. 3. to affect in some detrimental way. 4. to play (a musical instru­ ment). 5. to ring (a bell)’; çam (cciam) ‘abete, arbore’ 21 I. - cf.: çam ‘pine’; çamur (cciamur) ‘fango’ 102 l.-cf: çamur ‘mud’; çanak (ccanak) ‘scudela’ 220 r. - cf: çanak ‘earthenware pot’; çank (cciancc) ‘campana’ 54 I. - cf.: çan ‘bell’; çapa (ccapa) ‘zappa’ 262 r. - cf.: çapa ‘hoe’; çapmak (cciapmak) ‘andar di trotto 6 portante’ 32 r. - cf.: çapmak ‘to run, to trot, to gallop'; çapraz (cciapras) ‘botoniera’ 47 I. - cf.: çapraz ‘1. crosswise, diagonal. 2. double- breasted’; çar (gear) ’4’ 265 I. - cf. çar ‘four’; çar köşe (ccar ccosce) 'quadrato’ 203 I. - cf.: çarköşe 'four-cornered'; çardak (ccardak) ‘sala o stanza posta in alto sopra portico’ 216 I. - cf.: çardak ‘light structure consisting of posts and a roof of branches, trellis, bower’; çare (ccare) ‘remedio’ 208 1. - cf.: çare ‘ 1 .way, means. 2. remedy, cure’; çaresiz (cciaresiz) ‘senza remedio’ 223 r. - cf.: çaresiz ‘inevitable’; çarka (ccarka) ‘vanguardi’ 246 r. - cf.: çarha ‘the circling of light troops in front of the main body of a force’; çarkacı (ccarkagi) ‘scoritore’ 220 r. - cf. perhaps: çarhacı ‘skirmisher’; çarplamak (ccarplamak) ‘percotere’ 188 r. - cf.: çarpmak 'to bump, to hit'; 38 According to Turkish language dictionaries the meaning of the word fall differs from the meaning of the Italian word colino. which is 'sieve’. 50 Part II - Dictionary çarşaf (cciarscaf) ‘lenzuolo’ 145 I. - cf.: çarşafa. bed sheet. 2. women’s outdoor overgarment"; çarşenbi (ccarscenbi) "Mercordi" 267 1. - cf.: Çarşamba ‘Wednesday"; çarşu (cciarsu) ‘piazza’ 192 r. - cf.: çarşı ‘shopping district, market quarter"; çatal (ccatal) ‘ramo d'arbore’ 207 r. - cf.: çatal ‘1. fork. 2. prong, branch of a forked object’; çatlamak (ccatlamak) ‘crepare" 72 1., çatlamak (ccatlamak) ‘rompersi’ 214 r. - cf.: çatlamak ‘to crack, split"; çatmak (cciatmak) ‘acostar in sieme" 24 r. - cf.: çatmak ‘to stack, to tack togeth­ er’; çayı (ccaji) ‘palude" 184 I. - cf. perhaps: çayır ’meadow"; çayır (cciajir) ‘herba" 126 r. - cf.: çayır ‘ 1. meadow. 2. pasture grass'; çekerge (ccecherge) ‘caualetta’ 54 1. - cf.: çekirge ‘grasshopper, locust’; çekirdek (cceccirdecc) ‘anima d’un fruto’ 32 I. - cf.: çekirdek ‘pip, seed, stone of a fruit’; çekişmek (ccecciscmek) ‘contrastare" 67 1. - cf.: çekişmek ’to quarrel, dispute"; çekmek (cceccmecc) ‘tirare’ 242 1. - cf.: çekmek ‘to pull, to draw"; çelabi (ccelabi) ‘figliuolo di gentilhomo’ 108 r. - cf.: çelebi ‘well-bred, educated; gentleman’; çelik (ccelicc) ‘aciaio" 23 r. - cf.: çelik ‘steel"; çerçive (ccercciue) ‘telaro della finestra’ 240 1. - cf.: çerçeve ‘frame, window frame’; çerke (ccercce) ‘tenda piciola" 240 I. - cf: çerge, çergi ‘small, makeshift tent, gipsy’s tent’; çeşme (ccescme) ‘fontana’ 109 1. - cf.: çeşme ‘fountain with spout’; çeşmi (ccescmi) ‘occio’ 175 r. - cf.: çeşm ‘eye"; çeşnigir (ccescnigir) ‘scudiero’ 220 r. - cf.: çeşnici ‘taster in the sultan’s court’; çete (....) ‘ambuscade’ - cf.: çete ‘band of rebels, brigands’39; çetin (ccetin) ‘difficile" 82 I. - cf.: çetin ‘hard, difficult"; çetrefil (ccetrefil) ‘chi parla mal una lingua’ 61 r. - cf.: çetrefil ‘1. confused, com­ plicated. 2. Speaking (a language) badly’; çevik (cceuicc) ‘veloce’ 249 I., çeviik (cceuucc) ‘atilato’ 38 1., çeviık (cceuucc) ‘lesto, atilato’ 145 1. - cf.: çevik ‘nimble, agile, swift’; çevlenmek (cceıilenmecc) ‘publichar una cosa’ 202 r. - cf. perhaps: çevirmek ‘to translate’; 39 Both in historical and contemporary Turkish the meaning of this word differs from the one given by the author of the Italian source. Part II - Dictionary 51 çeviirmek (cceuurmecc) ‘circondare’ 62 I. - cf.: çevirmek ' 1. to turn, to turn round. 2. to encircle’; çıbuk (ccibuk) ‘bachetta’ 41 1. - cf.: çıbık = çubuk ‘rod, bar, wand’; çığırmak (ccighirmak) ‘chiamare’ 61 r. - cf.: çığırmak = çağırmak ‘to call, to in­ vite’; çıka gelmek (ccika gelmece) ‘comparire, improuisamte’ 66 r. - cf.: çıkagelmek ‘to appear suddenly’; çıkarmak (ccikarmak) ‘montare’ 166 r., çıkarmak (ccikarmak) ‘uscire’ 259 r. - cf.: çıkarmak ‘to take out, to expel, to extract’; çıkmak (ccikmak) ‘montare’ 166 r. - cf.: çıkmak ‘to go out, to move out’; çıplak (cciplak) ‘nudo’ 173 I. - cf.: çıplak ‘naked, nude’; çırağ (cciragh) ‘candeliero’ 54 1. — cf.: çırağ = çirağ ‘lamp, light, candle'; çırakba (ccirakba) ‘candeliero’ 54 I. - cf.: çirağbane ‘lampstand, candlestick"; çıyan (ccjian) ‘tarantelo, serpentelo’ 239 r. - cf.: çıyan ‘centipede’; çiçek (cciccecc) ‘fiore’ 108 r. - cf.: çiçek ‘flower’; çife sürmek (ccife sürmece) ‘arare’ 36 r. - cf.: çift sürmek 'to plow’; çifelamak (ccifelamak) ‘arare’ 36 r. - cf.: çift sürmek ‘to plough"; çift (ccift) ‘paro’ 184 1. - cf.: çift ‘couple, pair’; çiftlik (cciftlicc) ‘possessione di tereni’ 195 r. - cf.: çiftlik 'farm, agricultural es­ tate’; çig (ccigh) ‘ruggiada’ 215 I. - cf.: çiğ ‘dew’; çimen (ccimen) 'herba picciola che dura sempre’ 126 r. - cf: çemen, çimen ‘bot. cumin’; çin sabah ( ccin sabha) ‘mattina â buon hora’ 158 I. - cf.: çin sabah ‘very early in the morning’; çini (ccini) ‘majiolica’ 158 I. - cf: çini ‘encaustic tile, glazed tile, porcelain"; çirağ (cciragh) ‘creatura benefitiata’ 72 r. - cf.: çirağ 'client, dependent"; çirkin (ccirccin) ‘brutto’ 50 r. - cf.: çirkin 'ugly, disgusting’; çiş itmek (ccisc itmece) 'cagare’ 54 I. - cf: çiş etmek ‘to urinate’; çişmek (cciscmek) 'cagare’40 54 I. - cf.: çiş etmek ‘to urinate’; çoban (ccioban) ‘pastore’ 184 I. - cf.: çoban ‘shepherd’; çoğalmak (ccoghalmak) ‘moltiplicare’ 166 r. - cf.: çoğalmak 'to increase, to mul­ tiply’; çoğı (ccoghi) 'maggior parte’ 158 I. - cf: çoğu ‘the greater part, the majority"; çoha, çoka (ccoha, ccoka) ‘panno’ 184 I. - cf: çoha = çuha ‘broadcloth"; 40 Both to the form çiş itmek and to the form çişmek. the author of the Italian source ascribes the meaning which refers to another physiological act. 52 Part II-Dictionary çok (cciok) ‘molto quantita' 166 r. - cf.: çok 'much, great (in amount)'; çoklık (ccioklik) ‘molto quantita’ 166 r. - cf.: çokluk 'abundance, multiplicity’; çoktan (ccoktan) ‘molto tempo fa' 166 r. - cf.: çoktan ' I. for a long time. 2. a long time ago’; çovaldız (ccioualdiz) ‘aguccia grande' 27 I. - cf.: çuvaldız ‘packing needle’; çukur (ccukur) ‘buca’ 51 I. - cf.: çukur ‘pit, hollow, cavity’; çul (ccul) ‘coperta da caualli’ 67 I. - cf.: çul ‘horsecloth’; çumağ (ccumagh) ‘bastone curto' 42 r., çumağ (ccumagh) ‘mazza di legno' 158 I. - cf.: çomak ‘ 1. cudgel. 2. short thick stick’; çuval (ccoual) ‘saco' 216 1. - cf.: çuval ‘sack'; çügiir (ccugur) ‘chitara" 61 I. - cf.: çöğür ‘popular instrument (similar to the kopuz) played with a plectrum’; çükmek (ccuccmek) ‘imergersi, sprofondar dentro' 131 I. - cf.: çökmek ‘1. to fall in. 2. to cave in, to become hollow'; çünkim (ccunchim) ‘poi che’ 195 I. - cf.: çünkü ‘because, for’; çürük (ccurucc) ‘catiuo, marcio’ 54 I. - cf.: çürük ‘rotten, decayed, bad'; çüzbir (ccusbir) ‘quintemetto di dieci carte’ 205 1. - cf. perhaps: çüz ‘part, section, fragment’; çüzmek (ccusmecc) ‘slegare’ 229 1. - cf.: çözmek ‘untie, unfasten’. Daban (daban) ‘sola del piede’ 2311. - cf.: daban = taban ‘sole (of a foot or shoe); heel’; dabil (dabil) ‘tamburo grande' 239 r. - cf.: davul ‘a rhythmic instrument’; dafine (dafine) ‘tesoro soterra’ 241 r. - cf.: define ‘buried treasure"; I. dağ (dagh) ‘monte’ 166 r. - cf.: dağ ‘mountain’; II. dağ (dagh) ‘bollo di foco’ 47 I. - cf.: dağ ‘mark, trace; tatooed mark'; dağ divan (dagh diuari) ‘piede del monte' 192 1. - see: divar, dağarcık (daghargik) ‘tarea da portar sule spalle' - cf.: dağarcık ‘pouch carried over the shoulder by shepherds; Part II - Dictionary 53 dağılmak (daghilmak) ‘disperdersi’ 82 r., dağılmak (daghilmak) ‘sbaratarsi, disperdersi’ 218 I. - cf.: dağılmak ‘to scatter, to disperse’; dağlamak (daghlamak) ‘bollare dar un botone di foco’ 47 1., dağlamak (daghlamak) ‘dar un bottone di foco ad un cauallo ö bollo/bello" 77 1., dağlamak (daghlamak) ‘merauigliarsi’ 161 I. - cf.: dağlamak"\. to brand. 2. to cauterize"; dahil olunmak (dahil olunmak) ‘peruenire’ 188 1., dahil olunmak (dahil olunmak) ‘ricapitare’ 212 1. - cf.: dahil olmak ‘ 1. to be inserted. 2. to go in, to enter’; da|h|ir (dair) ‘polito, netto’ 195 1. - cf.: tahir ‘clean, pure’; dahi itmek (dhal itmece) ‘oferirsi p[er] un fatto’ 176 r. - cf.: dahi etmek ‘to inter­ fere with, to blame’; dai (daji) ‘anacora’ 32 I. - cf.: dai 'one who prays; one who calls to religion, mis­ sionary’; daima (daima) ‘sempre continuance’ 222 1. - cf.: daima ‘always, continually’ daire (dajire) ‘dintorno’ 82 I. - cf.: dairen ‘ 1. in a circle. 2. around, surrounding’; daireden (dajireden) ‘dintorno’ 82 1. - see: daire; dairesinde (darjieresinde) ‘dintorno’ 82 I. - see: daire; dakilmak (dakilmak) ‘congiugre, atacare’ 55 r. - cf.: takılmak ‘pass, of takmak 'to affix, to attach’; dalanmak (dalanmak) ‘circondare’ 62 I. - cf.: dallanmak ‘to ramify, to branch out’; daleb olmak (daleb olmak) 'desiderare’ 79 1. - cf.: talep etmek ‘to request, to de­ mand’; dalğalık (dalghalik) ‘turbulentia’ 245 r. - cf.: dalgalı ‘covered with waves, rough (sea), undulating’; dalyarak (dal jiaragh) ‘arma sfoderata, nda’ 36 r. - cf.: dalyarak i 1. stark naked. 2. with drawn weapon’; dam (dam) tetto’ 241 r. - cf.: dam ‘roof; dam iisti (dam usti) ‘solare della casa’ 231 1. - see: dam; damadar (damadar) ‘ingordo’ 136 r. - cf.: tama ‘greed, avarice’; damak (damak) ‘palato’ 185 I. - cf.: damak ‘palate’; damar (damar) ‘vena’ 250 r. - cf.: damar ‘blood vessel, vein’; damğa (damgha) ‘bollo di foco’ 47 1. - cf.: damga 'instrument for stamping’; damızlık (damizlik) ‘animale riseruato p[er] razza’ 33 r. - cf.: damızlık ‘beast kept for breeding’ damla (damla) 'goccia’ 119 1. - cf.: damla ‘drop’; damlamak (damlamak) ‘gocciare’ 119 I. - cf.: damlamak ‘to drip'; damu (damu) ‘inferno’ 134 I. - cf.: tamu ‘hell’; Part II - Dictionary 54 dag iri (dangniri) ‘aurora’ 40 r. - cf.: tan ‘dawn’; dan itmek (dan itmece) ‘malignare’ 158 1. - cf.: tanetmek ‘reproach, abuse’; dag namazı (dangh namazi) ‘oratione della matina’ 180 I. - cf.: tan ‘dawn’ + namaz ‘prayer’; dane (dane) ‘vitello’ 251 r. - cf.: dana ‘weaned calf; dane (dane) ‘grana’121 r. - cf.: dane = tane ‘grain’; danış (danisc) ‘consiglio, auertimento’ 68 r. - cf.: danışık ‘consultation’; danışık (daniscik) ‘consiglio, auertimento’ 68 r. - cf.: danışık ‘consultation'; danışmek (daniscmecc) ‘consigliare’ 68 r. - cf: danışmak ‘to consult, to ask ad­ vice’; danişmend (danisemened) ‘homo dotto' 127 r. - cf.: danişmend ‘learned man, learned in the law’; darağac (daraghag) ‘forca’ 110 r. - cf.: darağacı ' 1. gallows, shear legs’; dardağan itmek (dardaghan itmece) ‘disperdersr 82 r. - cf: dardağan ‘scattered'; dan (dari) ‘miglio" 163 I. - cf: darı ‘millet'; darılmak (darilmak) ‘esser confuso et disperato’ 98 I., darılmak (darilmak) ‘hauer p[er] male’ 125 r. - cf.: darılmak ‘to become cross, angry (with), to be offend­ ed'; darlığanmak (darlighanmak) ‘esser disperato, arabiato" 97 r. - cf.: darliganmak ‘to be depressed by; to be distressed’; daş (dasc) ‘sasso' 217 r. - cf.: taş ‘stone’; daşkın (dasckin) ‘turbulente, furioso' 245 r. - cf.: taşkın ‘1. overflowing; overlap­ ping. 2. excessive, exuberant"; daşre (dascre) ‘fuori di fuori’ 113 I. - cf.: perhaps dışarı ‘outside, exterior'; datlu (datlu) dolce' 86 r. - cf.: tatlı ‘sweet’; davet ider (dhauet ider) ‘chiamare' 61 r. - cf.: davet etmek ‘to invite, to call’; davşan (dauscan) ‘lepre’ 146 r. - cf.: tavşan ‘hare’; davulbaz (dauulbaz) ‘tamburo picolo da cauallo’ 239 r. - cf.: davulbaz ‘1. drum­ mer. 2. small drum hung at the saddle'; davuz (dauuz) ‘pauone' 185 I. - cf.: tavus ‘peacock’; dayanmak (dajianmak) ‘appoggiarsi p[er] non cascare' 98 r. - cf.: dayanmak ‘to lean (against, on); dayfe (dajife) ‘famiglia’ 102 I. - cf.: taife ‘class, sect or body of men, tribe’; debe (debe) ‘auentato, aperto’ 40 r. - cf.: debe ‘ruptured'; dede (dede) ‘auo’ 39 1. - cf.: dede ‘grandfather’; dedeşi (dedesci) ‘auo’ 39 1. - cf.: dede ‘grandfather’; def (def) ‘cembalo’ 59 1., def (def) ‘cimbalo’ 62 I. - cf.: def= ^/‘tambourine’; Part II - Dictionary 55 def olunmak (defh olunmak) 'cessare di far una cosa’ 59 1. - cf.: def olmak ’to be removed, to go away’; defn ider (defni ider) ‘sepelire’ 223 1. - cf: defn etmek ‘to bury, to inter’; defatile (defhatile) ‘molte uolte’ 166 r. - cf.: defaatla ‘repeatedly’; . degenek (degenecc) ‘bastone’ 42 r. - cf.: değenek = değnek ‘stick, rod, wand’; değil (degil) 'non’ 172 I. - cf.: değil ‘not, no’; değirmek (değirmek) ‘atacare dar foco â un pezzo’ 38 I. - The meaning presented in the Italian source differs totally from the one commonly known; değirmen (değirmen) ‘mulino’ 168 r. - cf.: değirmen ‘mill’; değirmi (değirmi) ‘rotondo’ 214 r. - cf: değirmi ‘round, circular’; değişmek (degiscmecc) ‘mutare, canbiare’ 168 r. - cf.: değişmek ‘to change, to become different’; değmede (değmede) ‘editlei’ 92 1., değmede (değmede) ‘non puo esser, e cosa diftcil’ 172 I. - cf.: değmede ‘probably not, unlikely’; değmek (değmece) ‘tocare, peruenire’ 243 1. - cf.: değmek "to touch’; degşürmek (degscurmecc) ‘racgliere’ 206 1. - cf.: değşirmek = devşirmek 'to col­ lect, to gather, to pick’; de|h| (de) ‘10’ 265 I. - cf.: deh ‘ten’; de|h| ve car, care (deuegear gare41) ‘14’ 266 r. - cf.: deh ‘ten’ + çar ‘four’; de|h| ve dii, devazde|h| (deuedu deuazde) ‘12’ 265 I. - cf.: deh ‘ten’ + dü ‘two"; düvazdeh ‘twelve’; de|h| ve penc, penede (deuepeng pengde) ‘15’ 266 r. - cf. in contemporary Per­ sian: panzdah ‘fifteen’; de|h| ve se, sizde|h| (deuese sizde) '13' 266 r. - cf.: deh ‘ten’ + se 'three’; sizdeh ‘thirteen’; de|h| ve şeş satire ( deuescesc satire) ‘16’ 266 r. - cf.: deh ‘ten’ + şeş ‘six'; dekik (dekik) ‘farina’ 101 I. - cf.: dakik ‘flour’; delalet ider (delalet ider) ‘guidar mostrar la uia’ 124 r. - cf.: delâlet etmek ‘to act as a guide’; delik (delice) ‘buco’ 52 r. - cf.: delik ‘hole’; delmek (delmece) ‘forare’ 110 r. - cf.: delmek ‘to make a hole, to pierce’; deluce (deluge) ‘loglio’ 148 I. - cf.: delice ‘ 1. wild (plant). 2. darnel, ry e grass’; delii (delu) ‘pazzo’ 184 r.- cf.: deli ‘insane, idiot’; dem (dem) ‘punto di tempo’ 202 r. - cf.: dem ‘point, edge'; demed (demed) ‘mazzo, fascio’ 159 r. - cf.: demet 'bunch, bouquet’; 41 These words and the four entries below constitute the names of Persian numerals. However, the way they were recorded does not allow for easy identification. 56 Part 11 - Dictionary demek (demece) ‘dire’ 83, demek (demece) ‘parlare’ 185 r. - cf.: demek ‘to say, to teli'; demren (demren) ‘punta di lancia ö disaeta di ferro’ 202 r. - cf.: temren 'head of an arrow or spear’; demur (demur) ‘ferro’ 106 r. - cf.: demir ‘iron’; demiirci (demurgi) ‘ferraro’ 106 r. - cf.: demirci ‘ironworker, smith’; degemek (degnemecc) ‘gustare’ 123 1., deymek (degnmecc) ‘assaggiare, gustare’ 37 1., deymek (degnmecc) ‘prouare, far esperienza’ 199 I - cf.: denemek ‘to test, to try’; degiz (degniz)42 1 59 r. - cf.: deniz ‘sea’; derayi (deraji) ‘ormisino* 180 r. - cf.: darayi ‘a kind of silk stuff; derbeder adem (derbeder adem) ‘furbo’ 113 1. - cf.: derbeder ‘1. vagrant, tramp. 2. untidy’; dere ider (derg ider) ‘racgliere’ 206 1. - cf.: dere etmek ‘to insert; to inscribe’; derdimend (derdimend) ‘meschino infelice’ 161 1. - cf.: derdmend ‘unfortunate, poor, miserable’; dere (dere) ‘valle fra menti’ 246 r. - cf.: dere ‘valley’; derga|h| (derga) ‘porta del Re, o grandi’ 194 I. - cf.: dergah ‘court of a king’; dergenar ider (dergenar ider) ‘anutare in margine’ 32 1. - cf.: derkenar ‘marginal note, postscript’; deri (deri) ‘pelle’ 188 I. - cf.: deri ‘skin, leather’; derin (derin) ‘profondo’ 199 r. - cf.: derin ‘deep, profound’; deriglik (derignlik) ‘profondita’ 199 1. - cf.: derinlik ‘depth, profundity’; derman (derman) ‘rimedio’ 212 1. - cf.: derman ‘remedy’; dert (dert) ‘dollore’ 86 r. - cf.: dert = derd ‘pain, suffering, grief; derun (derun) ‘intimo del core’ 135 r. - cf.: derun ‘inside; heart, soul’; deruni (deruni) ‘intimo del core’ 135 r. - cf.: deruni ‘internal; intrinsic; cordial’; derviş (deruisc) ‘santone, mendicante’ 216 I. - cf: derviş ‘dervish, beggar’; derya (derjia) ‘no meaning’ 159 r. - cf: derya ‘sea, ocean’; dest (dest) ‘mano’ 151 1. - cf: dest ‘hand’; deste (deste) ‘quintemo di carta’ 205 1. - cf: deste ‘quire, packet’; destegirlik (destegirlicc) ‘aiuto con la mano’ 28 1. - cf.: destgir ‘he who takes by the hand, helper, protector’; destemal (destemal) ‘faccioletto quadro da portar in mano’ 103 r. - cf.: destmal = peştemal ‘large bath towel, waist cloth’; desti (desti) ‘bocale di terra' 47 1. - cf: desti = testi ‘pitcher, earthenware jug’; 42 The Italian commentary is missing. Part II-Dictionary 57 dev (deu) gigante’ 119 r. - cf.: dev ‘ 1. demon. 2. giant’; deva (deua) ‘cura di malatia’ 76 r. - cf.: deva ‘remedy, medicine, cure’; devam (deuam) ‘sempre continuarmte’ 222 1. - cf.: devam ‘continuation’; deve (deue) ‘camelo’ 53 r. - cf.: deve ‘camel’; dev|i|rmek (deurmecc) ‘racgliere’ 206 1. - cf. devirmek ‘to overturn, to knock down’; devlet (deulet) ‘fortuna’ 110 r. - cf.: devlet ‘prosperity, good luck’; deyeceği (dejiegeghi) ‘parlamento in secreto’ 185 r. - cf.: -acak form of demek ‘to say’; deyin (dejin) ‘debito’ 79 r. - cf.: deyn ‘debt, obligation'; deymek (deimecc) ‘peruenire, tocare â uno’ 188 1. - cf.: değmek ‘1. to touch. 2. to reach’; divar(diuar) ‘muraglia’ 168 r. - cf.: duvar ‘wall’; dib (dib) ‘fondo’ 110 r. - cf.: dip ‘bottom, foot’; dibinde (dibinde) ‘abano’ 21 1., dibinde (dibinde) ‘infondo’ 135 r. - cf.: dip ‘bot­ tom, foot’; dikat eylemek (dikat ejilemecc) ‘guardar una cosa minutisirmte' 124 r., dikat eylemek (dikat ejilemecc) ‘procurer grandermte’ 199 1., dikat eylemek (dikat eylemece) ‘sforzarsi’ 226 I. - cf.: dikkat etmek ‘1. to pay attention. 2. to be careful’; dikmek (diccmecc) 'cucire’ 75 1. - cf.: dikmek ‘to sew, to stitch’; dilaver (dilauer) ‘brauo’ 50 r. - cf.: dilâver ‘brave, courageous'; dilden (dilden) ‘intimo del core’ 135 r. - cf.: dil 'heart, mind, soul’; dilek ider (dilecc ider) ‘impetrar gratia uno’ 132 r. - cf.: dilek etmek 'to wish, to ask for’; dilek itmek (dilek itmece) ‘dimandar gratia per uno’ 83 r. - cf: dilek etmek ‘to wish, to ask for’; dilemek (dilemece) desiderare’ 79 I. - cf.: dilemek ‘to wish for, to desire’; dilenci (dilengi) ‘mendicante’ 161 I. - cf.: dilenci ‘beggar’; dimek (dimecc) ‘dire’ 83 r. - cf.: demek ‘to say’; din (din) ‘legge’ 145 I. - cf.: din 'religion, faith’; dinar (dinar) ‘ducato’ 89 I. - cf.: dinar ‘monetary unit’; diglemek (dignlemecc) ‘riposarsi, tratenersi’ 212 1. - cf.: dinlenmek 'to take a rest, to rest’; digmek (dignmecc) ‘cessare’ 59 I. - cf.: dinmek ‘to cease, to stop'; direk (direcc) 'colonna’ 68 r. - cf.: direk ‘column, pillar’; direm (direm) ‘denaro, cioe peso’ 79 1. - cf.: direm, dirhem ‘drachma (silver coin)’; Part II-Dictionary 58 diri (diri) ‘vino' 251 r.-cf.: diri ‘alive, fresh’; dirilmek (dirilmece) ‘ritomar in se‘ 212 I. - cf.: dirilmek ‘to return to life, to come to life’; dirmek (dirmecc) ‘racgliere’ 206 1. - cf: dermek ‘to pick up, to gather, to collect'; dirnek (dimecc) ‘congregatione di molti homini' 67 1., dirnek (dirnecc) ‘racolta di gente concorso’ 207 r. - cf: dernek ‘association, society’; dirsek (dirsecc) ‘gomito’ 1 19 1. - cf: dirsek ‘elbow’; diş (disc) ‘dente’ 79 I. - cf.: diş ‘tooth’; dişi (disci) ‘femina, cosa femina’ 106 r. - cf: dişi ‘female'; div virmek (djiu uirmecc)43 169 r.; divane (diuane) ‘pazzo’ 184 r. - cf: divane ‘foolish, insane’; divit (diuit) ‘calamaio’ 55 r. - cf: divit ‘case for reed pens and ink’; diyar (djiar) ‘paese reggione’ 185 r. - cf: diyar ‘country, land'; diyince (dijinge) ‘finito, pasato" 108 r. - cf.: gerund form -ince of demek ‘to say’; dizdar (dizdar) ‘castelano’ 55 r. - cf.: dizdar ‘warden of a castle; constable’; dizgin (dizigin) ‘redine della briglia’ 208 I. - cf: dizgin ‘rein, bridle'; dizilmek (dizilmece) ‘metier p[er] ordine, infilare’ 161 1. - cf: dizilmek pass, of dizmek ‘to line up, to arrange in a row or series’; dizme (dizme) ‘siepe’ 228 r. - cf: dizme ‘arranged, lined"; dizmek (dizmece) ‘infilare metter p[er] ordine’ 135 r. - cf.: dizmek ‘to line up, to arrange in a row or series’; doa (doha) ‘preghiera â Dio’ 199 1. - cf.: dua ‘prayer"; doğurmak (doghurmak) ‘partorire' 185 r. - cf: doğurmak ‘to give birth to’; doksan (doksan) ‘90' 265 I. - cf.: doksan ‘ninety’; dokunmak (dokunmak) vrtare, uedi spingere' 258 1. - cf.: dokunmak ‘1. to touch. 2. to tease. 3. to harm’; dokuz (dokus) ‘9' 265 I. - cf.: dokuz ‘nine’; dokuzıncısı (dokusingisi) ‘nono’ 265 r. - cf.: dokuz ‘nine’; dolab (dolab) ‘armario’ 36 r., dolab (dolab) ‘rota d’acqua’ 214 1. - cf.: dolap ‘1. cupboard. 2. water-wheel’; dolaman (dolaman) ‘veste come una casaka’ 250 r. - cf.: dolaman ‘a kind of apron; a kind of jacket'; dolayı (dolaji) ‘dfntomo 82 1. - cf.: archaic dolayı ‘roundabout, all around’; doll (doli)‘pieno, esserpieno’ 191 I. - cf.: dolu ‘full, filled’; There is no llalian commentary for this verbal form. Part II - Dictionary 59 don at (dori at) ‘caual baio’ 56 r. - cf.: doru ‘chestnut with dark mane,tail and fetlocks (horse)’; dosdolayi (dos dolaji) ‘dintomo’ 82 I. - cf.: archaic dolayı ‘roundabout, all around’; dost (dost) ‘amico, cognito’ 31 1. - cf.: dost ‘friend’; doymak (dojimak) ‘satiarsi di qualche cosa’ 216 r. - cf.: doymak ’to become filled and satiated’; doymak (dojimak) ‘sentire, udire’ 223 I. - cf.: duymak ‘to hear’; dördüncisi (dordungisi) ‘quarto’ 265 r. - cf.: dördüncü ‘fourth’; dört (drot) ‘4’ 265 I., dört (dort) ‘quatro’ 268 I. - cf.: dört ‘four’; du (du) ‘2’ 265 I. - cf.: dü ‘two’; dubur (dubur) ‘culo’ 75 I. - cf.: dübr ‘the rear part of anything, the back of the body’; dudak (dudak) ‘labro’ 144 r. - cf.: dudak ‘lip’; dugân itmek (dughjian itmece) ‘venir in furia come l’acqua del fiume’ 249 I. The meaning given is not confirmed in Turkish sources; both historical and present-day ones. duğmak (dughmak) ‘nascere, uenir al mondo’ 169 r. - cf.: doğmak ‘to be born, to come into the world’; duğrı (dughri) ‘diritto* 83 r. - cf.: doğru ‘straight, direct'; duhan (duhan) ‘nebia' 170 r. - cf.: duhan ‘smoke’; duldurmak (duldurmak) ‘impire’ 132 r. - cf.: doldurmak ‘to fill, to fill up’; dulmak (dulmak) ‘impire’ 132 r. - cf.: dolmak ‘to become full, to fill'; duman (duman) ‘nebia’ 170 r. - cf.: duman ‘smoke, fumes’; dunanma (dunanma) ‘festa publica p[er] alegreza’ 106 I., dunanma (dunanma) ‘armata nauale’ 36 r. - cf.: donanma ‘ 1. fleet, naval force. 2. illumination’; dunanmış (dunanmisc) ‘ornato’ 180 r. - cf.: donanmak ‘to be decked out, illumi­ nated’; durmadın, durmadan (duramdin) ‘continuamente senza fermarsi’ 68 I. - cf.: durmadan ‘continually, continuosly’; durmayub (duramjiub) ‘continuamente senza fermarsi’ 68 I. - cf.: durmayıp; duraklanmak (duraklanmak) ‘aloggiare, pigliare alogiamento ’ 29 I. - cf.: duraklamak ‘to pause, to come to a stop’; durğutmak (durghutmak) ‘far fermar’ 103 I. - cf.: durgutmak archaic caus. of durmak ‘to stop’; durmak (durmak) ‘fermarsi’ 106 r. - cf: durmak ‘to stop’; Part II - Dictionary 60 duru gelmek (duruh gelmece) ‘les...arsi44 da erocare, ó da sedere' 146 r. - cf.: durugelmek ‘to get up, to rise'; duşine (duscine) ‘arincontro, inanzi' 36 r. - cf.: dış ‘outside, external, outer, exterior'; duymak (dujimak) ‘udire’ 248 I. - cf.: duymak ‘to hear’; duyulmek (dujiulmecc) ‘esser auisato' 97 r. - cf.: duyulmak pass, of duymak ‘to be aware of; düdük (duducc) ‘zifolo’ 263 r., ‘zufolo' 264 r. - cf.: düdük ‘whistle, pipe"; dügişdürmek (dughiscdurmecc) ‘far combattere duoi in sieme’ 103 r. - cf.: dövüştürmek "to make fight with one another'; dügme (dugme) ‘botone’ 47 I. - cf.: düğme ’button'; düğmek (dugmek) ‘battere' 41 1. - cf.: düğmek, dövmek ’to beat, to thrash'; düğmek (dugmecc) ‘scolare una cosa 220 r. - cf.: dökmek ‘to pour; to empty'; düğüm (dugium) ‘gruppo’ 121 r. - cf.: düğüm ‘knot; bowknot’; düğün (dugnun) ‘banchetto publico, nozza’ 42 r. - cf.: düğim ‘wedding feast’; dügüşmek (dugiuscmecc) ‘combatere insieme’ 65 I. - cf.: dövüşmek ‘to fight’; dükân (duccian) ‘bottega’ 47 1. - cf.: dükkân ‘shop’; dülger (dülger) ‘mastro da legname’ 159 r. - cf.: dülger ‘carpenter’; dümdüz (dumduz) ‘piano equale’ 192 r. - cf.: dümdüz ‘quite smooth, quite level'; dün (dun) ‘hieri’ 126 1. - cf.: dim ‘yesterday’; dündar (dundar) ‘retroguardia’ 208 I. - cf.: dümdar ‘rear guard’; dünmek (dunmecc) ‘voltare, ritornar' 256 I. - cf.: dönmek ‘to go round, to spin’; dünya (dunjia) ‘mondo’ 166 r. - cf.: dünya ‘world’; dürlü dürlü (durlu durlu) ‘di diuerse foggie' 83 r. - cf.: türlü türlü ‘of all sorts, various’; dürtmek (durtmecc) ‘pungere, dar di punta’ 202 r. - cf.: dürtmek ‘to prod, to goad’; düşek (duscecc) ‘mattarazzo’ 159 r. - cf.: döşek ‘mattress'; düşemek (duscemecc) ‘distendere aparecciare" 83 r. - cf.: döşemek ‘to spread, to lay down’; düşenbi|h| (duscenbi) ‘Lunedi’ 267 I. - cf.: archaic düşenbih ‘Monday"; düşmek (duscmecc) ‘cascare' 55 r. - cf.: düşmek ‘to fall, to fall down’; düşürmek (duscurmecc) ‘lasciar cascare una cosa" 144 r. - cf.: düşürmek caus. of düşmek ‘to fall, to fall down’; düzenlik (duzenlecc) ‘accordo, conclusione’ 23 r. - cf.: düzenlik ‘order, peace, harmony’; düzmek (düzmece) ‘lauorare" 144 r. - cf.: düzmek ‘to arrange, to compose, to prepare". 44 Some letters are missina in this word. Part II-Dictionary 61 e Ebdeyi (ebdeji) ’sempre continuamite' 222 I. - cf.: ebedî ‘eternal, never-ending’; ebed (ebed) ‘sempre continuarmte’ 222 1. - cf.: ebed ‘future eternity’; ebyad (ebiad) ‘rima, stanza’ 211 I. - cf. perhaps: âbad ‘a flourishing place’; ecel (egel) ‘morte’ 165 I. - cf.: ecel ‘the appointed hour of death, death’; ecer (eger) ‘bene, opera buona’ 44 I. - cf.: ecir ‘1. reward, recompense. 2. remu­ neration, pay, wage’; ecmein (egmein) ‘tutti' 245 r. - cf.: ecmain ‘all, all together’; edep (edep) ‘vergogna’45 249 r. - cf.: edeb ‘1. breeding, manners, politeness. 2. training, education’; edinmek (edinmece) ‘fare, creare’ 101 r. cf.: edinmek ‘to get, procure, acquire’; edna (edna) ‘ vilie, uedi infimo’ 251 r. - cf.: edna ‘ I. lowest, of most ordinary qual­ ity. 2. the least, smallest, most trifling’; efkâr (efcciar) ‘pensiero’ mysl 187 r. - cf.: efkâr ‘thoughts, ideas'; eğelemek (eğelemece) ‘accompitare’ 23 1. - cf.: eğelemek ‘to file with a file’; eger (egher, eger) ’sella’ 222 I. - cf.: eyer ‘saddle’; eğilmek (eğilmece) ‘inchinare’ 133 r. - cf.: eğilmek = iğilmek ‘to bend, to curve, to warp’; eğlencesi (eghlengesi) ’trastulo passo tempo’ 244 r. - cf.: eğlence ‘amusement, entertainment’; eğlenmek (eghlenmecc) ‘tratenersi’ 244 r. - cf.: eğlenmek ‘to have a good time, to amuse oneself; eğreti (eghreti) ’imprestito’ 131 I. - cf.: eğreti = iğreti ‘ 1. temporary. 2. borrowed’; eğritmek (eğritmek) ‘assediare’ 37 I. - cf: iğritmek ‘to bend, to twist’; egsik (eghsicc) ‘manco, meno’ 151 I. - cf.: eksik ‘lacking, absent’; egşer (eghscer) ‘chiodo’ 61 r. - cf: ekser ‘large nail, spike’; e|h|ali (eali) ‘distretto, contorno’ 82 r. - cf.: ehali = ahali ’inhabitants, population, the people’; e|h|li (eli) ‘leterato, possessor di scienza’ 145 I. - cf: ehil ‘qualified, efficient’; 43 The meaning of the word edep given in the Italian source is far from the meaning known both in old and present-day Turkish. Part II - Dictionary 62 e|h|li (eli) ‘ possessore di molti figliuoli' 194 1. -cf: ehil ’husband; wife’; e|h|liyet (eljiet) ‘leterato, possessor di scienza’ 145 I. - cf.: ehliyet ‘efficiency, capacity, competence’; ekabir (eccabir) ‘riceuer con pompa’ 211 1. - cf: ekâbir ‘the great; important peo­ ple’; ekin (eccin) ‘seminato compagna di grano’ 222 I. - cf.: ekin ‘crop, growing grain’; ekmek (eccmecc) ‘seminare’ 222 1. - cf.: ekmek ‘to sow’; ekşi (eksci) ‘bruscho’ 50 r. - cf.: ekşi ‘sour, tart, acid'; el (el) ‘mano’ 151 1. - cf.: el ‘hand’; el urmak (elurmak) ‘por la mano’ 194 1. - cf.: el vurmak ‘to touch, to lay hand (to work); elak itmek (elacc itmece) ‘amassare’46 3 1 I. - cf.: helak etmek ‘to ruin, to destroy’; elan (elan) ‘hora, adesso’ 127 r. - cf.: el 'ân ‘now, at present’; elbete (elbete) ‘necessariamente’ 170 r. - cf.: elbette ‘certainly, decidedly, surely’; elçi (elcci) ‘ambasciatore’ 31 1. - elçi ’ambassador’; elçilik (elccilik) ‘ambasciaria’ 31 I. - cf.: elçilik ‘embassy, legation’; eldiven (eldiuen) ‘guanti’ 123 I. - cf.: eldiven ‘glove’; ele getürmek (elle geturmecc) ‘pigliare uno’ 191 1. - cf.: getirmek ‘to bring, to yield, to give’; elegem sağma (elegem saghma) ‘areo celeste’ 35 I. - cf.: eleğim sağma ‘rainbow’; elek (ellecc) ‘settaccio, criuelo’ 222 I. - cf.: elek ‘fine sieve’; elem (elem) ‘ira colera, sdegno’ 142 I. - cf: elem ’1. pain, ailment, sorrow. 2. sor­ row, care’; elemek (elemece) ‘settaciare’ 222 1. - cf.: elemek ‘to sift, to sieve’; elfe (elfe) ‘1000’ 267 r. - cf.: elf "a thousand’; elli (elli) ‘50’ 266 I. - cf.: elli ‘fifty’; emanet (emanet) ‘deposito’ 79 r. - cf: emanet ‘1. a trust, anything entrusted to another for safekeeping. 2. Ott. hist, government office receiving or paying out government money’; emek çeker (emece cceccer) ‘trauagliare, affaticarsi’ 244 r. - cf.: emek çekmek ‘to work hard, to take great pains’; emin (emin) ‘datiaro’ 77 r., emin (emin) ‘presto in fréta’ 198 1. - cf.: emin ‘1. safe, secure. 2. sure, certain, strong, firm’; emin olmak (emin olmak) ‘custodire, conseruare’ 75 1. - cf.: emin olmak ‘to be sure (of)’; 46 The meaning of this verb in the Italian source is quite different from the one in Turkish sources. Part II - Dictionary 63 emir (emir) ‘santo parente del profeta’ 216 r. - cf.: emir ‘descendant of the Prophet Muhammad’; emlak (emlacc) ‘propria cosa, ö bene’ 198 r. - cf.: emlâk pl of mülk ‘possession, property’; emri şerif (emri scerif) ‘comandantento del Re’ 65 r. - cf.: emri şerif ‘the imperial decree, the Sultan’s order; emval (emual) ‘denari contanti’ 79 r. - cf.: emval pl. of mat, enbiya (enbjia) ‘profeti pl.’ 198 1. - cf.: enbiya pl. of nebi; endamlu (endamlu) ‘garbato di bello aspetto’ 115 I. - cf.: endamlı ‘well- proportioned, graceful’; endaze (endaze) ‘braccio di misura’ 50 r. - cf.: endaze ‘measure’; enden (enden) ‘dipoi’ 81 1. - cf.: ondan ‘from him, her, it’; enden sunra (enden sunghra) ‘doppo questo’ 85 1. - cf.: ondan sonra ‘after him, her, it; then’; enişte (eniscte) ‘cognato’ 65 1., enişte (enişte) ‘zio fratello del Padre’ 263 r. - cf.: enişte ‘sister’s or aunt’s husband’; enli: na enli (naenli) ‘largo’ 143 1. - cf.: enli ‘wide, broad’; ensar (ensar) ‘luogo eminente come loggia’” 149 1. - cf.: ansar ‘hist, those inhab­ itants of Medina who invited prophet Muhammad and his adherents into their city’; er (er) ‘homo' 127 r. - cf.: er ‘ 1 .male. 2. brave male'; erbab (erbab) ‘porta del Re, o grandi’ 194 1. - cf: erbap ‘ 1. expert. 2. people con­ cerned with’; erbea aşere (erbeha hascere) ‘14’ 266 r. - cf.: erbaa ‘four’ + aşar pl of öşür ‘a tenth part’; erbea ve hişrin (erbeha ue hiscrin) ‘24‘ 266 r. - cf.: erbaa ‘four’ + işrîn ‘twenty’; erbahin (erbahin) ‘40‘ 266 1. - cf.: erbain ‘forty'; erik (ericc) ‘brugne’ 50 r. - cf.: erik ‘plum’; erişmek (eriscmecc) ‘molestar' 165 I. - cf. perhaps: erişmek ‘1. to reach, to arrive at; to attain. 2. to mature’; erkan (erccan) ‘vergogna’ 249 r. - cf. perhaps: ergen ‘youth of marriageable age, bachelor’; erkanlı adem (erccanli adem) ‘vergognoso’ 249 r. - cf.: above; erkek (ercciecc) ‘masccio’ 1511. - cf.: erkek ‘man; male’; erken (erccen) ‘per tempo’ 187 r. - cf: erken ‘early’; 47 The Italian explanation of this word completely differs from its w idely known de­ notation. Part II-Dictionary 64 erte: erte gün (erte giun) ‘giorno uenente’ 118 r. - cf.: erte ‘the next, the following (day, week)'; erzak (erzak) ‘richezza, faculta’ 211 1. - cf.: erzak ‘provisions, stored food’; erze söylemek (erze sujilemecc) ‘dir coglionerie’ 84 I. - cf.: rezil etmek ‘to dis­ grace, to hold up to scorn’; erzelenmek (erzelenmecc) ‘dir coglionerie’ 84 I. - cf.: erzal pl. of rezil ‘vile, base, disgraced’; also rezil etmek ‘to disgrace, to hold up to scorn’; esad (esad) ‘buono' 51 1. - cf: es 'ad superl. of said ‘auspicious, prosperous, fortu­ nate, lucky, happy’; esbak (esbak) ‘prima, gia’ 198 r. - cf.: esbak ‘former, late, sometime’; esen (essen) ‘sano’ 216 r. - cf.: esen ‘healthy, well'; eser, eseri (esser, esseri) ‘memoria durabile’ 161 r. - cf.: eser ‘among others: monuments, remains’; esîr ( essir) ‘priggioniero’ 198 r. - cf.: esir ‘1. slave. 2. prisoner of war’; esirgemek (esirgemece) ‘hauer compassion, pieta’ 125 r. - cf: esirgemek ‘to spare, to protect from’; eski (escci) ‘vechio’ 249 r. - cf.: eski ‘old, ancient’; eskimek (esccimecc) ‘inuecciarsi’ 133 r. - cf: eskimek ‘to wear out, become old’; esma (essma) ‘nomi proprji’ 172 r. - cf.: esma pl. of isim ‘ 1. name, noun’; esmer (esmer) ‘bruno oliuastro’ 50 r. - cf: esmer ‘dark-skinned’; esnemek (essnemecc) ‘sbadacciare’ 218 I. - cf.: esnemek ‘to yawn, to gape’; espab (espab) ‘vestimento’ 249 r. - cf: espap = esvap ‘clothes, garments'; essas (essas) ‘fondamento di fabrica’ 109 I. - cf.: esas ‘foundation, base, basis’; esved (essued) ‘negro’ 170 r. - cf.: esved ‘black’; eşed (esced) ‘teribile, furioso" 240 1. - cf.: eşed superl. of şedid ‘violent, severe'; eşek (esecc) ‘asino’ 37 1. - cf.: eşek ‘donkey’; eşkal (esckal) ‘robba p [= per] uestir uniuersalrmte’ 214 r. - cf. perhaps: eşkâl = pl. of şekil ‘ 1. form; figure. 2. kind, sort’; eşkere (escchere) ‘chiaro, certo’ 61 r. - cf.: eşkere prov. var. of aşikâre ‘manifest, evident, clear’; eşkıya (esckjia) ‘furbi’ 113 1. - cf: eşkıya ‘1. brigand. 2. pl. of şak?-, eşkin (esccin) ‘portante’ 194 1. - cf.: eşkin ‘cantering’; I. eşmek (esemece) ‘caminar in fréta’ 53 r. - cf.: eşmek ‘to gallop (horse); II. eşmek (esemece) ‘zappare’ 262 r. - cf.: eşmek ‘to dig up slightly, to scratch (soil)’; et (et) ‘carne’ 53 r. - cf.: et ‘ 1 .flesh. 2. meat’; etek (etecc) ‘orlo della ueste’ 180 r. - cf.: etek ‘the skirt of a garment’; Part II-Dictionary 65 etiba (etiba) ‘dottore, medico’ 85 I. - cf.: etibba pl. of tabib 'physician, doctor’; etmek (etmece) ‘pane’ 184 r. - cf.: etmek archaic for ekmek ‘bread’; ev (eu) ‘casa’ 53 I. - cf.: ev ‘house’; evel (euel) ‘prima, gia’ 198 r. - cf.: evvel ‘first, before, earlier’; evelki: evelki zaman (euelchi zaman) ‘tempo passato’ 240 1. - cf.: zaman ‘time, period’; evelkisi (euelccisi) ‘primo’ 265 r. - cf.: evvelki "I. the former. 2. the (year, month, week) before last’; evet (euet) ‘si’ 228 r. - cf.: evet ‘yes, certainly’; evetlemek (euetlemecc) ‘far prestamente, con furia’ 101 I. - cf.: evetlemek ‘to say ‘yes’; to keep saying ‘yes, yes’; evkaf (eukaf) ‘bene sottoporto alia chiesa’ 44 I. - cf. evkaf ‘pious foundations; estates in mortmain’; evkat (eukat) ‘hore pl.’ 127 r. - cf.: evkat pl. of vakt ‘time’; evlenmek (eulenmecc) ‘maritarsi’ 151 1. - cf.: evlenmek ‘to get married’; evli (euli) ‘maritato’ 151 1. - cf.: evli ‘married'; evmek (eumecc) ‘solecitare’ 231 r. - cf.: ivmek ‘to be in a hurry’; evşana gider (euscana gider) ‘andar al necessario’ 32 r. - This phrase is not con­ firmed in Turkish sources. eyam (ejiam) ‘giomi pl’ 118 r. - cf.: eyyam pl. ofyevw ‘day’; eyerlemek (ejierlemecc) ‘sellare’ 223 r. - cf.: eyerlemek ‘to saddle’; eylece (ejilege) ‘cosi inquesto modo’ 65 I. - cf.: eyle archaic var. of öyle ‘so, in that manner’; eylemek (ejilemecc)‘fare’ 101 r. - cf.: eylemek ‘to make, to do’; eyii (ejiu) ‘buono’ 51 I. - cf.: eyi, iyi ‘good; well'; ezan (ezan) ‘grido del prete turco' 120 I. - cf.: ezan ‘call to prayer, the azan’; ezan okumak (ezan okumak) ‘gridare p [= per] l’oratione’ 120 1. - cf.: ezan okumak ‘to recite the azan’; ezber (ezber) ‘memoria’ 161 r. - cf.: ezber ‘by heart’; ezber okumak (ezber okumak) "recitar a mente’ 208 1. - cf.: ezberden okumak ‘to recite by heart’; ezberlemek (esberlemecc) ‘imparar â mente’ 131 I. - cf.: ezberlemek ‘to learn by heart’; ezde[h|a (ezdea ) ‘dragone’ 88 I. - cf: ejderha ‘dragon’; ezeli (ezeli) ‘antiquamente gia un pezzo’ 32 r. - cf.: ezelî ‘eternal’; ezmek (esmece) ‘manegiar una cosa' 151 I. - cf.: ezmek ‘crush; pound; triturate; bruise’. 66 Part II-Dictionary F Fağfuri (faghfuri) ‘porcolana’ 196 r.-cf.: fağfur ‘porcelain’; fakir (fakir) ‘pouero’ 195 I. - cf. fakir ’poor"; fare (fare) ‘topo, ratto’ 243 I. - cf: fare ‘house mouse’; fariğ itmek (fargh itmece) ‘abandonare’ 21 1., fariğ etmek (farigh itmece) ‘lasciare, abandonare' 143 I. - cf.: fariğ olmak ‘to cease from work; to be free from’; fark (fark) differenza" 83 1. - cf.fark ‘difference’; farz (farz) ‘comandamento do Dio’ 69 r. - cf: farz ‘obligatory act'; fasik (fasik) ‘chi comete mal opre’ 61 I. - cf: fasik ‘1. impious, depraved. 2. sin­ ner’; faş itmek (fasc itmece) ‘diuulgar, publicar’ 83 1. - cf: faş etmek ‘to divulge, to betray’; fayde (fajide) ‘vtile guadagno profitto’ 261 r. - cf. fayda, faide ‘profit, use’; fazıl (fazil) ‘dottissimo’ 86 r. - cf:fazıl ‘ 1. virtuous. 2. superior’; fazilet (fazilet) ‘grandezza in scienza" 121 r. - cf: fazilet ‘virtue, goodness, grace, merit’; fazlula|h| (fazlula) ‘grandezza, sapientia di Dio’ 121 r. - cf.: fazl ‘1. excess. 2. generosity. 3. virtue, grace’; felah bulmak (felah bulmak) ‘saluarsi da pericolo’ 217 r. - cf.: felah bulmamak ‘to be in a hopeless state’; felaket (felaccet) ‘trauagilo’ 244 1. - cf.-. felâket ‘disaster, calamity, catastrophe’; fena (fena) ‘catiuo, marcio’ 54 l.,yeni7 (fena) ‘corutibile, uile, catiuo’ 69 r. - cf.: fena ‘bad; evil’; fener (fener) ‘fanale, iantemo’ 104 r., fener (fener) ‘lantema, fanele’ 144 r. - cf.: fener ‘lantern; street lamp’; ferace (ferage) ‘veste’ 250 r. - cf.: ferace ‘dustcoat formerly worn by Turkish women when they went out'; fera|h] ider (fera ider) ‘agrare, allegrare’ 30 r. - cf. perhaps: 1. ferah ‘spacious, open’; 2. ferah ‘cheerfulness, gladness’; cf. also: ferahlamak ‘1. to become spacious or airy. 2. to become cheerful, to feel relieved’; feramuş (feramusc) ‘scordarsi’ 219 I. - cf.: feramûş ‘forgetfulness, neglect’; feraş (ferasc) ‘scopatore della stanza’ 220 I. - cf: ferraş ‘mosque sweeper’; Part II - Dictionary 67 fere (ferg) ‘pota’ 194 I. - cf.: fere ‘vulva’; ferd (ferd) ‘alcuno’ 29 r. - cf.: ferd ‘person, individual; odd number; single; unique’; feres (feres) ‘cauallo’ 53 r. - cf.: feres ‘ 1. astr. Pegasus. 2. horse’; . ferhalanmak (ferhalanmak) ‘alegrarsi’ 29 1. - cf. perhaps: ferahlanmak ‘I. to be­ come spacious or airy. 2. to become cheerful’; feryad eylemek (ferjiad ejilemecc)'esclamare d’un torto" 98 I. - cf.: feryad etmek ‘to cry out, to lament’; feth (feth) ‘acquisto d’una piasso, ö simil’ 23 r. - cf.: feth = fetih ’1. conquest; vic­ tory. 2. act of opening’; feth ider (feth ider) ‘far acquisito’ 103 1’ - cf.: fethetmek ‘1. to conquer. 2. to open’; feth itmek (feth itmece) ‘aquistare come id sopra’ 23 r. - cf.: fethetmek ‘to con­ quer’; fetva (fettua) ‘penna del mufti data in scrito’ 189 1. - cf.: fetva ‘fatwa, opinion on a legal matter, given by a mufti on application’; fevri (feuri) ‘presto in freta’ 198 1. - cf.: fevri ‘speedy, sudden, impulsive’; fezah itmek (fezha itmece) ‘dolersi, osolamare' 86 r. - cf.: fezaih ‘pl. of faziha ‘shameful act’; fısık (fısik) ‘lusuira’ 150 r. - cf.: fisk ‘immorality, vice, sin’; fıda itmek (fıda itmece) ‘dedicare’ 79 I. - cf.: feda etmek ‘to sacrifice’; fidan (fidan) ‘ pianta nouella’ 192 1. - cf.: fidan ‘sapling, young tree’; figan (fighan) ‘esclamatione, lamento’ 98 \.,figan (fighan) ‘lamentatione’ 143 I. cf.: figan ‘cry of distress, wail, lamentation’; fikir (ficcir) ‘pensiero’ 187 r. - cf.: fakir ‘thought, idea, opinion’; fikirlenmek (ficcirlenmecc) ‘pensare’ 187 1. - cf.: fikretmek ‘to think over’; fil (fjil) ‘elefante’ 94 r. - d'.'. fil ‘elephant’; Fil (fjil) negotio’ 170 r. - cf.: fiil ‘act, action, deed"; filandra (filandra) ‘bandiera da naue’ 42 1. - cf.: filândıra = flândıra ‘ship’s pen­ nant’; filar (filar) ‘scarpe da gianizzeri’ 221 r. - cf.: filar ‘lightweight slipper’; filcan (filgian) ‘scudelino’ 221 r. - cf.: filcan = fincan ‘coffee cup"; filetimle (filgumle) ‘inconclosione, in sustanza’ 136 I. - cf.: filclimle ‘on the whole’; filhal (filhal) ‘presto in freta’ 198 I. - cf.: filhal ‘at once, instantly’; firak (firak) ‘malenconia, afanno’ 158 1. - cf.: firak ' 1. separation. 2. grief at sepa­ ration’; Part II - Dictionary 68 firar etmek (firar etmek) ‘fugire' 113 I. - ci.: firar etmek ‘to run away, to flee, to take to flight'; firaset (firaset) ‘pensiero' 187 r. - cf.: firaset = feraset ‘1. sagacity, intuition. 2. understanding"; firavan (firauan) ’moltitudine' 166 1. - cf.: firavan ‘plentiful, abundant, many; firman ider (firman ider) ‘comandare' 65 r. - cf.: ferman ‘1. imperial edict, firman. 2. command, order'; fişek (fiscecc) ‘zagarella di carta con poluere' 262 r. - cf.: fişek ‘1. cartridge. 2. rocket. 3. fireworks’; fukara (fucara) ‘poueri’ 196 r. - ci.: fukara =fikara ‘poor, pauper’; fulanlamak (fulanlamak) ‘fottere’ 109 1. - No confirmation of this verb in con­ temporary Turkish sources. fuluri (fuluri) ‘ducato’ 89 I. - cf.: filûri, filori ‘florin’; fursat (furssat) ‘ocasione bona di far una cosa’ 175 r. - cf: fırsat ‘opportunity, chance'; fuşkı (fuscki) ‘lettame’ 145 I. - cf:fışkı ‘horse dung, manure'; fücur (fugur) ‘lusuira’ 150 r. - cf.: fücur ‘debauchery ; immorality’; fiilan (fulan) ‘tale’ 239 r. - cf.: fidan = falan ‘so and so’; fiilan yere dek (fulan jieredecc) ‘sin al tai luogo’ 228 I. - cf.: falan ‘so and so'. Gafar (ghafar) ‘chi fa misericordia' 126 I., gafar (ghafar) ‘misericordiosa' 163 1. - cf: Gaffar ‘the Pardoner, God'; gaflet olmak (ghaflet olmak) ‘esser coito al. improuiso’ 98 I. - cf.: gaflet etmek ‘to act heedlessly, to be careless, to make an absentmided mistake'; gafur (ghafur) ‘chi fa misericordia' 126 1., gafur (ghafur) ‘misericordiosa’ 163 1. cf.: gafur ‘all-forgiving (God)’; ğalib (ghalib) ‘vincitore in battaglia' 251 I. - cf.: galip ‘victorious, victor’; gam (gham) ‘malenconia, afanno" 158 1., gam (gham) ‘malinconico’ 159 1. - cf.: gam ‘grief, anxiety, worry’; Part II - Dictionary 69 ğanem (ghanem) ‘castrato animate’ 56 r. - cf.: ganem ‘ 1. sheep. 2. sheep or goats’; gani (ghani) ‘rico’ 2111. - cf.: gani ‘1. lavish. 2. rich, wealthy’; garb (gharb) ‘Occidente’ 269 r. - cf.: garp ‘the West, Occident’; ğaret (gharet) ‘depredatione, saco’ 80 r. - cf.: garet ‘pillage, plundering; sacking of a place’; ğaret ider (gharet ider) ‘depredare’ 79 r. - cf.: garet etmek ‘to raid, to sack, to plunder’; ğavga eylemek (ghaugha eilemecc) ‘contrastare’ 67 I. - cf.: kavga [gavga] etmek ‘to quarrel with, to fight’; ğaybet itmek (ghajibet itmece) ‘dirmale doppo le spate’ 83 I. - cf.: gaybet etmek ‘to go away’; gayet (ghajiet) ‘grandemente’ 120 1. - cf.: gayet ‘very, extremely, greatly’; gayret (ghajiret) ‘vighore’ 251 1. - cf.: gayret ‘energy, effort, perseverance’; gayri (ghajiri) ‘altro’ 29 1. - cf: gayri ‘other, different’; gayri kimse (ghajiri ccimse) ‘qualche altro’ 203 1. - cf: gayri ‘other, different’ + kimse ‘someone’; gaza (ghaza) ‘guerra, combatimento ’ 123 1. - cf.: gaza ‘military expedition on behalf of Islam’; ğazban (ghazban) ‘impeto, violentia’ 132 r. - cf.: gazban ‘angry, choleric, irrita­ ble’; ğazeb (ghazeb) ‘furore colera’ 113 I. - cf.: gazap, gazep ‘wrath, anger, rage’; ğazeb itmek (ghazeb itmece) ‘brauare, minacciare’ 50 r. - cf.: gazap etmek ‘to become angry’; ğazebe gelmek (ghazebe gelmece) ‘andar in colera’ 33 r. - cf.: gazap ‘rage, anger, wrath’; gazel (ghazel) ‘rima, uersi’ 213 r., 250 r. - cf.: gazel ‘lyric poem of a certain pat­ tern’; gazi (ghazi) ‘gueriero’ 124 r. - cf.: gazi ‘1. one who fights on behalf of Islam. 2. frontier raider into a non-Muslim country. 3. war veteran’; ğaziban (ghaziban) ‘violentia’ 251 r. - cf.: gazi ‘one who fights on behalf of Is­ lam’; geçenlerde (geccenlerde) ‘poco tempo fa’ 196 I. - cf.: geçenlerde 'lately, recently’; geçmek (geccmecc) ‘passare’ 186 r. - cf.: geçmek ‘to pass by, to pass through’; geçürmek (geccurmecc) ‘far passare’ 104 r. - cf.: geçirmek ‘caus. of geçmek', gedik (gedicc) ‘breccia’ 50 r. - cf.: gedik ‘breach, gap’; gelmek (gelmece) ‘venire’ 250 r. - cf.: gelmek ‘to come, to arrive’; gem (gem) ‘briglia’ 50 r. - cf.: gem ‘bit'; gemi (gemi) ‘nauicella’ 169 r. - cf.: gemi ‘ship, boat'; Part II - Dictionary 70 gemik (gemice) ‘osso’ 180 1. - of.: kemik ‘bone’; gendiim (gendum) ‘lo proprio’ 1411. -cf.: kendim ‘myself; gene, gine (gene, gine) ‘poi di pio' 195 1. - cf.: gene = yine ‘1. again. 2. yet, but yet; still’; gerdan (gerdan) ‘collo' 66 I. - cf.: gerdan ‘neck, throat’; geriz (geriz) ‘canale" 56 r. - cf.: geriz ‘sewer, drain’; getiirmek (geturmecc) ‘portare' 196 I. - cf.: getirmek ‘to bring'; geyik (gejicc) ‘ceruo’ 60 r. - cf.: geyik ‘deer’; geyinmek (gejinmece) ‘vestirsi’ 250 r. - cf.: giyinmek ‘to dress oneself; geymek (gejimecc) ‘vestire’ 250 r. - cf.: giymek ‘to put on, to wear’; gezdiiriirmek (gezdururmecc) ‘far passeggiare’ 104 r. - cf.: gezdirmek caus. of gezmek ‘to walk about’; gezinmek (gezinmece) ‘sbandarsi in qua, in la" 218 I. - cf: gezinmek ‘to wander about without any definite purpose’; gezmek (gezmece) ‘passeggiare’ 186 r. - cf.: gezmek ‘to walk about, to wander’; gic (gig) ‘tardi' 239 I. - cf.: geç ‘late’; gicelik (gigelicc) ‘beretino da notte’ 45 r. - cf.: gecelik ‘nightdress, nightgown, nightshirt’; gicik (gigik) ‘rogna’ 214 r. - cf.: gicik ‘itch, irritation’; gidermek (gidermece) ‘far andar uia’ 104 I. - cf.: gidermek ‘cause to go'; gidi (gidi) ‘comuto chi ha la moglie, putna’ 69 1. - cf.: gidi ‘pander’; gidik (gidice) ‘forame ruina del muro’ 110 I. - cf.: gedik ‘breach, gap’; giriftar ider (giriftar ider) ‘far prigione’ 102 1. - cf.: giriftar ‘victim (of)’; girmek (girmece) ‘entrare’ 95 1. - cf.: girmek ‘to come in, to enter'; girü (giru) ‘dipoi’ 81 I. - cf.: geri ‘1. back, backward. 2. rear. 3. after’; girü kalan (giru kalan) ‘il restante, residero’ 131 r. - cf.: geri kalan ‘the rest, the remainder’; giriide (girude) ‘dipoi’ 81 1. - cf.: geri ‘ 1. back, backward. 2. rear. 3. after'; giryan (girjian) ‘pianto, lamento’ 192 1. - cf.: giryan ‘weeping’; gitmek (gitmece) ‘andare’ 32 I. - cf.: gitmek ‘ 1. to go. 2. to leave'; gizlenmek (gizlenmece) ‘ascondersi’38 r. - cf.: gizlenmek refl. of gizlemek ‘to hide’; gizli (gizli) ‘secreto’ 224 r. - cf.: gizli ‘hidden, secret’; I. gök (giok) ‘azuro’ 41 1. - cf.: gök ‘blue, azure’; II. gök (giocc) ‘cielo’ 62 1. - cf.: gök ‘sky’; gök gürlemek (giok giurlemecc) ‘tonare'243 1. - cf.: gök gürlemek ‘to thunder’; Part II - Dictionary 71 göl (giol) ‘Iago’ 143 I. - cf.: göl ‘lake’; gülge (gulge) ‘ombra’ 178 r. - cf.: gölge ‘shadow’; gömülmek (gumulmecc) ‘imergersi, sprofondar dentro’ 131 I. - cf: gömülmek ‘to sink deeply (into); göndermek (gundermecc) ‘mandare’ 151 I. - cf.: göndermek ‘to send’; gönül (gongul) ‘animo’ 33 1. - cf.: gönül ‘heart; mind’; göşe (giosce) ‘cantone’ 54 r. - cf.: köşe ‘comer; angle"; göt (giot) ‘culo’ 75 I. - cf.: göt ‘bottom; buttocks’; gövde (goude) ‘corpo’ 70 r. - cf.: gövde ‘body’; gufran (ghufran) ‘chi fa misericordia’ 126 1., gufran (ghufran) ’misericordiosa ’ 163 1. - cf.: gufran ‘God’s pardon, God’s mercy’; gulu itmek (ghulu itmece) ‘dar duento, inuestire’ 77 I., gulu itmek (ghulu itmece) ‘far impeto’ 103 1. - The identification of this verb seems to be impossible. gunagun (gunagun) ‘various’ 82 r. - cf: gûnagûn ‘various'; ğuruş (ghurusc) ‘talaro, denaro’ 239 r. - cf.: guruş, kuruş ‘piaster’; ğusalenmek (ghusalenmecc) ‘affligersi’ 26 1. - cf: gussalanmak ‘to become trou­ bled, sad’; guzin (guzin) ‘accomodatamente bene’ 24 r. - cf. perhaps: giizin ‘chosen; choice’; gübek (giubecc) ‘vmbilico’ 254 r. - cf.: göbek ‘navel; umbilical cord; vein’; güç olmak (gucc olmak) ‘esser dificile’ 99 r. - cf.: giiçlemek ‘to become difficult’; güçle (giugile) ‘per forza’ 188 r. - cf.: güç ile ‘with difficulty, with great trouble’; güçmek (giuccmecc) ‘leuarsi da un luogho p[er] andar in un altro’ 146 r. - cf.: göçmek ‘to migrate, to move off; gügercin (gugergin) ‘colomba’ 69 I. - cf: güvercin ‘pigeon’; gügüs (giugius) ‘petto’ 189 1. - cf.: göğüs ‘chest, breast’; gü|h|erçile (guerccile) ‘salnitro’ 217 r. - cf: giiherçile ‘saltpetre’; gül (giul) ‘rosa’ 214 I. - cf.: gül ’rose’; gülmek (giulmecc) ‘ridere’ 213 1. - cf.: gülmek ‘to laugh"; gülşen (gulscen) ‘rosaro horto di rose’ 214 I. - cf: gülşen ‘rose garden"; gülüşmek (giuluscmecc) ‘ridere in sieme’ 213 1. - cf.: gülüşmek ‘to laugh together, to laugh at each other’; gümiş (giumisc) ‘argento’ 36 1. - cf: gümüş ‘silver’; gümmek (gummecc) ‘metter soterra’ 162 r. - cf: gömmek ‘to bury’; gümrük (giumrucc) ‘datio’ 77 r. - cf.: gümrük ‘custom, duty, tariff; gün (giun) ‘giorno’ 119 r. - cf.: gün ‘day’; gün batusi (gunbatusi) ‘ponente’ 269 r. - cf.: gün batısı ‘west, west wind"; Part II-Dictionary 72 gün duğusı (giun dughusi) ‘Leuante Otto Venti Principal!’ 269 r. - cf.: gün doğusu ‘east, easterly wind’; güna|h| (giuna)’pecato’ 188 1. - cf.: günah ‘sin'; günbüş (giunbusc) ‘alegro, chi fa patie o gioca ö simil’ 29 1. - cf.: cümbüş ‘mer­ rymaking, revel, jollity'; günderi etmek (giunderi etmece) ‘acompagnar, tener compagna honore' 23 1. cf.: gönderi gitmek ‘to see off; gündüz (gunduz) ‘di giorno' 84 r., gündüz (gundus) ‘luce, splendere" 149 I. - cf.: gündüz ‘daytime'; güneş (gunesc) ‘sole" 231 I. - cf.: güneş ‘sun'; güreş (giuresc) ‘lotta" 148 I. - cf.: güreş ‘wrestling"; güreşmek (giurescmecc)48 1 48 1.; ‘comparire una cosa da lentano" 70 r., gürinmek (gurinmecc) ‘dar una occiata’ 77 I. - cf: görünmek ‘1. to show oneself, to ap­ pear. 2. to seem, to create an impression of; gürinmek (gurinmecc) gürivirmek (guri uirmecc) ‘far ueder’ 104 r. - cf.: görüvermek ‘(simply) to see’; gürmek (giurmecc) ‘vedere’ 250 r. - cf.: görmek ‘to see’; güstürmek (gusturmecc) ‘mostrare’ 166 1. - cf.: göstermek ‘to show, to exhibit"; güşlenmek (giusclenmecc) ‘diuenir bello' 84 r. - cf.: güzellenmek ‘to become beautiful’; gütürüm (guturum) ‘zoppo’ 263 I. - cf.: kötürüm ‘paralyzed, crippled’; güyegü (gujiegu) ‘genero’ 116 I. - cf.: güveyi ‘son-in-law’; güz (guz) ‘occio’ 175 r. - cf.: göz ‘eye’; güz yumek (giuzjiumecc) ‘serar gl occhi’ 224 r. - cf.: gözünü yummak ‘to shut the eyes’; güzlemek (giuzlemecc) ‘guardare’ 123 1. - cf.: gözlemek ‘to watch (for)’; güzü (gusli) ‘occutto chi ha gl’occi’ 175 r. - cf.: gözlü ‘having eyes’; gtizlik (giuzlicc) ‘occiali" 175 r. - cf.: gözlük ‘spectacles’; güzükmek (guzuccmecc) ‘lasciarsi uedere, mostrarsi' 144 1. - cf.: gözükmek ‘to appear, to be visible’; güzütmek (guzutmecc) ‘hauer cura, atender’ 125 r. - cf.: gözetmek ‘to look after’; güzyaşı (giuzjiasci) ‘lagrime’ 144 I. - cf: gözyaşı ‘tear’. 48 No Italian commentary is given for this verb. Part H - Dictionary 73 H |H|abe olmak (abe olmak) ‘perdersi, andar â male’ 190 r. - cf: hapı yutmak ‘to be in trouble’; haber (haber) ‘noua’ 172 1., kara haber (kara haber) ‘mala noua’ 159 1. - cf.: ha­ ber ‘information, news’; haberdar olmak (haberdar olmak) ‘sapere esser informato’ 216 r. - cf. haberdar etmek ‘to inform, to bring to the knowledge of; habib (habjib) ‘amico, cognito’ 31 1. - cf.: habib ‘lover, beloved; friend'; hac (hag) ‘croce’ 72 r. - cf: haç ‘cross’; hac (hag) ‘peregrinaggio’ 188 r. - cf.: hac ‘the pilgrimage to Mecca’; haceblamak (haggeblamak) ‘merauigliarsi’ 161 1. - cf: aceb, acep ‘1. astonish­ ment, wonder. 2. surprising, astonishing"; hacet (haget) ‘bisogno necessita d’una cosa’ 45 I. - cf: hacet ‘need, requirement’; hacet olmak (haget olmak) ‘bisognare’ 45 I. - cf: hacet ‘need, requirement’; hacı (hagi) ‘peregrino della meka’ 188 r. - cf: hacı ‘one who has performed the rites of the pilgrimage at Mecca, pilgrim'; haciz olmak (hagiz olmak) ‘disperato di far un fatto’ 83 I. - cf: haciz altına almak ‘to sequestrate’; hades ider (hades ider) ‘guartare’ 123 1., hades ider (hades ider) ‘rampere in guerra’ 214 r. - We could not find such a verb in Turkish sources. hadim (chadim) ‘eunuco, castrato’ 100 I., hadim (hadim) ‘seruitore’ 223 I. - cf.: hadim ‘manservant’; hadşe (hadisçe) ‘cazzo’ 54 1. - cf: hadşe ‘ 1. scratch. 2. disquietude (of mind)’; hadu (hadu) ‘inimico’ 133 r. - cf: hadi ’deceiver’; hain (hajin) ‘traditore’ 244 r. - cf: hain ‘traitor’; hak (hak) ‘douere, dirito’ 85 1., [H]ak (ak) ‘Iddio’ 129 1., [h]ak (ak) ‘giusticia’ 118 1. - cf: hak ‘ 1. justice, law. 2. truth. 3. God'; Hak teala (haktehalai) Iddio altissimo’ 129 1. - cf: Hak Taalâ ‘God Almighty'; hakaret (hakaret) ‘penna, castigo’ 188 r. - cf: hakaret ‘insult’, contempt’; haki pay (haccipaji) ‘poluere da i piedi doue si mete piede’ 195 I. - cf: haki pay ‘the dust under foot’; hakikat (akikat) ‘sincerita' 228 r. - cf: hakikat ’truth, reality, fact'; 74 Part 11-Dictionary hakim (haccim) ‘profetto, soprastante’ 199 r. - cf.: hakim "I. ruler, governor. 2. judge. 3. overlooking’; hakkak (hacciacc) ‘gioeliero’ 118 1. - cf.: hakkak ‘engraver’; haklı (haklli) ‘ingegnoso,chi ha molto ingegno’ 135 1. - cf.: haklı ‘right, just'; I. hal (hal) ‘ conditione, stato’ 67 I., hal (hal) ‘esser condicione, stato’ 99 I. - cf.: hal ‘state, condition’; II. hal (hal) ‘aceto’ 23 r. - cf.: hal ‘vinegar’; hala (hala) ‘zia, sorella del Padre’ 263 r. - cf.: hala ‘paternal aunt, father's sister'; halal (halal) ‘ concesso, permesso’ 68 r. - cf.: halal, helâl ‘a permitted or legitimate act or person'; halalim (halalim) ‘moglie legitima’ 166 r. - cf.: helâl ‘lawful spouse'; halayık (halajik) ‘chiana’ 220 r. - cf.: halayık ‘female servant or slave'; haleye çıkmak (halejie ccikmak) ‘andar al necessario’ 32 r. - cf: halâ, helâ ‘toilet’; hali (hali) ‘razzo p[er] adobar 207 r. - This word is not confirmed in other Turkish sources; halim (halim) ‘benigno da bene’ 44 I., halim (halim) ‘dotto’ 86 r. - cf.: halim ‘mild, gentle, patient’; halişan (haliscan) ‘altamente’ 29 I. - cf.: halisane ‘sincere, sincerely’; halis ‘1. pure, unmixed. 2. genuine, true’; [hjalk (alk) ‘ gente popolo’ 116 I. - cf.: halk ‘the common people, folk’; halva (halvaji) ‘mangiamente dolce’ 158 I. - cf.: halva = helva ‘sweetmeat made of sesame flour, butter and honey’; halvet kılmak (haluet kilmak) ‘disgombrare, sbaratare' 82 I. - cf.: halvet etmek ‘to make (a room) private’; hamam (hamam) ‘bagno’ 42 r. - cf: hamam ‘bath, bathroom’; hamayıl (hamajil) ‘cosa santa da portar â desso contra armi' 68 r. - cf.: hamail‘ 1. baldric, cross-shoulder strap for a sword; ribbon of an order'; hamile (hamile) ‘grauida’ 120 I. - cf.: hamile ‘pregnant’; I. hamir (hamir) ‘pasta’ 185 r. - cf.: hamir ‘leaven’; II. hamir (hamir) ‘vino’ 251 r. - cf.: hamir, hamr ‘wine’; hamse (hamse) ‘5’ 265 1. - cf.: hamse ‘five’; hamse aşere (hamse hascere) ‘ 15’ 266 r. - cf.: hamse ‘five’ + aşere ‘ten’; hamse ve işrin (hamse ue hiscrin) ‘25’ 266 1. - cf.: hamse ‘five" + işrin ‘twenty’; hamsin (hamsin) ‘50’ 266 1. - cf.: hamsin ‘fifty’; hamur itmek (hamur itmece) ‘impastare* 131 1. - cf.: hamur etmek ‘to prepare dough by kneading’; hançer (hanger) ‘pugnale’ 202 r. - cf: hançer, hançer ‘short, curved dagger’; Part II - Dictionary 75 hane (chane) ‘casa’ 53 I. -cf.: hane ‘house, building’; |h|ande (ande) ‘doue e rimasto’ 86 I. - cf.: hande = kanda ‘where’; harab ider (harab ider) ‘guartare’ 123 1. - cf.: harabetmek ‘to ruin, to destroy’; harac (harag) ‘tributo’ 244 1. - cf.: haraç ‘tax, tribute’; haram (haram) ‘vietato’, proibito’ 251 r. - cf.: haram ‘forbidden by religion; un­ lawful’; harami (harami) ‘assasino’ 37 1. - cf.: harami ‘robber’; hararet (hararet) ‘rogna’ 214 r. - cf.: hararet ‘1. heat. 2. fever, temperature, fever­ ishness. 3. thirst’; harb (harb) ‘combatimento, guera’ 67 I. - cf.: harb ‘war, battle’; harba (harba) ‘alabardo’ 29 1. - cf. today: teber ‘halberd’; [h|arclik (arglik) ‘denaro’ 79 r. - cf.: harçlık ‘allowance, pocket money’; harem (harem) ‘luogo riseruato delle Donne, o della moschea’ 149 1. - cf.: harem ‘women’s apartments’; haremzade (haremzade) ‘tristo acorto’ 244 r. - cf.: haramzade 'bastard; scoundrel; harf (harf) ‘caratero’ 54 I. - cf.: harf’ letter of the alphabet'; harif (harif) ‘equate' 93 1.; /?z//7/(harif) ’homo" 127 r. - cf.: /7ar//‘colleague, com­ panion’; harir (harir) ‘seta’ 222 I. - cf.: harir ‘silk’; hark (hark) ‘abruggiato’ 21 I. - cf.: hark ‘a burning, combustion’; hark ider (hark ider) ‘abruggiare’ 21 I. - cf.: hark ‘a burning, combustion’; |h|arun (arun) ‘rabioso, furioso’ 207 I. - cf.: harun, harm ’obstinate, bad- tempered’; has (hass) ‘buono, ecelente’ 51 I., has (hass) ‘camera, beglik’ 55 r., has (chass) ‘entrata regia, camera’ 95 1. - cf.: has ‘1. special, peculiar. 2. belonging to the person of sovereign’; hasad (hasad) ’inuidioso’ 135 r. - cf.: hased ‘envy, jealousy’; hasaret (hassaret) ’rapina’ 207 r. - cf.: hasaret = hasar ‘damage, loss; injury’; hasbe (hasbe) ‘manccio della peste’ 158 1., hasbe (hasbe) ‘peteccie’ 188 r. - cf.: hasbe ‘measles’; haseki (hassecci) ‘paggio da camera’ 185 r. - cf.: haseki ’sergeant at arms in the bodyguard of the Sultan’; hasene (hasene) ‘ducato’ 89 1. - hasene ‘an old gold coin’; hası olur (hasi olur) ’diuenir nemico ribello’ 83 1. - cf. perhaps: hasım ‘adversary, enemy’; hasıl (assil) ‘entrata, profitto" 95 I. - cf.: hâsıl ‘profit, gain’; Part II - Dictionary 76 hasıl olmak (hassil olmak) ‘cauar d'entrata' 54 1., hasıl olmak (hasil olmak) ‘ottenere il deciderio' 182 I. - cf.: hâsıl olmak ‘to result, to be produced; to come into existence'; haşirin (chassirin) ‘diuerso di legge’ 82 I. - cf. perhaps: hasr ‘a restraint, re­ striction"; hasser itmek (hasser itmece) ‘assediare; 37 1. - cf.: hasretmek ‘to confine, to limit, to restrict'; hasta (hasta) ’infermo' 135 r.-cf.: hasta ‘sick’; haşa (hasça) ‘negatione' 170 r. - cf.: haşa ‘God forbid'; haşarlık ider (hascarlik ider) ‘far stare, inganare scerzando' 102 I. - cf.: haşarılık ‘unruly behaviour, wild prank’; haşem (hascem) ’famiglia" 102 1. - cf.: haşem ‘staff, domestics'; hateb (hateb) ‘legna' 145 1. - cf.: hatab ‘firewood"; hatem (hatem) ‘anello con giajio’ 32 1. - cf.: hatem ‘seal ring, finger ring'; hatırın (hatirin)'animo core’ 32 I. - cf.: hatır ‘mind, feelings'; hatun (hatun) ‘donna’ 85 1. - cf.: hatun ‘lady’; hava (hauua) ‘euamadre comune" 100 I. - cf.: hava ‘ 1. air, atmosphere. 2. weather’; |h|avan (auan), |h|evan (euan) ‘mortaro’ 166 r. - cf.: havan ‘mortar'; |h|avayi (auaji) ‘disujato, inamorto, inamorato ’ 84 1. - cf.: heva ‘affection, love, desire’; havuc (hauug) ‘carota gialla' 55 r. - cf.: havuç ‘carrot"; havuz (havuz) ‘peschiera d’acqua ferma, murata’ 188 r. - cf.: havuz ‘artificial ba­ sin; pond’; haya (hajia) ‘vergogna’ 249 r. - cf.: haya ‘shame, modesty"; |hJayal (ajial) ‘pensiero, uisione' 188 I. - cf.: hayal ‘imagination; image; idea’; hayat (hajiat) ‘vita' 251 r. - cf: hayat ‘life’; hayıf (hajif) ‘miseria, pouerta' 163 1. - cf.: I. haif fearing, anxious’; hayıfler itmek (hajifler itmece) ‘far male, pecato’ 103 r. - cf.: II. haif ‘cruel, ty­ rannical’; hayır (chajir) ‘buono’ 51 1. - cf.: hayır ‘good, goodness'; hayırsız (hairsiz) ‘catiuo, danoso’ 55 r. - cf.: hayırsız ‘unproductive, waste; ill- omened’; hayız (hajiz) ‘menstro delle donne’ 162 I. - cf.: hayız ‘menstruation, period’; haykırmak (hajikirmak) ‘gridare' 120 I. - cf.: haykırmak ‘to shout, to scream’; hayli (hajili) ‘166 r. - cf.: hayli ‘many, much, very, a good deal’; Part II - Dictionary 11 haymana (hajimana) ‘chi non é scciauo del Rè’ 61 1. - cf.: haymana ‘prairie, graz­ ing land’49; hayme (hajime) ‘padiglione’ 184 r. - cf.: hayme ‘tent’; hayran (hajiran) ‘atonita’ 38 1., hayran (hajiran) ‘fuor di se, atonitto’ 113 1. - cf.: hayran ‘astonished; filled with admiration’; hayret (hajiret) ‘pensoso’ 188 r. - cf.: hayret ‘astonishment, amazement, surprise’; hayvan (hajiuan) ‘bestia’ 44 I. - cf.: hayvan ‘living creature, animal’; hayvanat (hajiuanat) ‘bestiame’ 45 r. - cf.: hayvanat ‘pl. of hayvan’; haz (hazzi) ‘contentezza, allegria’ 67 I. - cf.: haz ‘pleasure, delight, enjoyment’; |h|az etmek (az etmece) ‘desiderare’ 79 1. - cf.: hazzetmek ‘to like, to be pleased with’; hazım itmek (hazim itmece) ‘digerire’ 2 I. - cf.: hazmetmek ‘1. to digest. 2. to stomach’; hazır olmak (hazir olmak) ‘mettersi in ordine’ 161 1. - cf.: hazır ‘ready, prepared’; hazırlamak (hazirlamak) ‘aparecciare’ 98 r. - cf.: hazırlamak ‘to prepare, to make ready’; hazine (hazine) ‘tesoro’ 240 1. - cf.: hazine ’ 1. treasure. 2. public treasury’; hazm ider (hazm ider) ‘incaminarsi’ 134 1. - cf. only: hazmetmek ‘1. to digest. 2. to stomach’; |h|azret (azret) ‘illustrissimo’ 131 r. - cf.: hazret ‘Excellency (title)’; |h|ecin (egin) 'dromedario, specie di camello’ 88 1. - cf.: hecin ‘dromedary ’; Ih|ediye (edjia) ‘presente, dono’ 198 r. - cf.: hediye ‘present, gift'; I h|efe (efe) ‘7’ 265 1. cf.: heft ‘seven’; |h|eftad (eftad) ’70’ 266 I. - cf.: heftad ‘seventy’; I h |eftde|hI (eftde, aftede) ‘ 17’ 266 r. - cf.: heftdeh ‘seventeen’; I h |efte (efte) ’settimana’ 224 I. - cf.: hefte, hafta ‘week’; hekim (heccim) ‘medico’ 161 1. - cf.: hekim ‘physician, doctor of medicine’; Ih|ele (ele) ‘osia’ 180 I. - cf.: hele ‘ 1. above all, especially. 2. at least’; |h|emandem (emandem) ‘incontinente, subito’ 133 r., [hjemandem (emandem) ‘in quel punto al hora’ 137 r. - cf.: hemandem = hemangâh ’as soon as, very soon’; |h|emçunan (emccunan) ‘come quello’ 65 1. - cf.: hemçunan ‘in the same way’; |h|emşire (emscire) ‘sorella’ 231 I. - cf.: hemşire i 1. sister. 2. nurse, being a sister’; hendek (chendek) ‘fossa’ 110 r. - cf.: hendek ’ditch, trench’; |h|engâme (engiame) ’rumore, strepito’ 215 1. - cf.: hengâme ’crowd; tumult'; J,) The present-day meaning of the word haymana differs totally from the one regis­ tered in the Italian source. Part II - Dictionary 78 |h|engâme (engiame) ‘rumore, strepito’ 215 1. -cf: hengâme ‘crowd; tumult'; |h|enüz (enuz) ‘hora, adesso' 127 r. - cf.: henüz ‘just now, a minute or so ago, only just'; |h|ep (ep) ‘tutto’ 245 r. - cf.: hep ‘ 1. all, wholly, entirely’; |h|er birisi (erbirisi) ‘ciarcuno’ 63 r. - cf.: her biri ‘each one, every one’; |h|er diirlii (erdurlu) ‘dogni foggia" 86 I. - cf.: her ‘each' + türlü ‘sort, kind’; |h|er kaçan kim (erkaccian ccim) ‘ogni uolta che' 176 r. - cf.: her kaççın ki ‘whenever, when’; |h]er kimse (erccimse) ‘qualunque’ 204 r. - see: kimse ‘someone, somebody'; |h]er ne (erne) ‘tutto quello' 245 r. - cf.: her ne ‘whatever'; |h|er ne kadar (ernekadar) ‘tutto, quanto’ 245 r. - cf.: her ne kadar ‘although; however much’; hereket ider (hereccet ider) ‘incaminarsi’ 134 I. - cf.: hareket etmek ‘to move, to act’; hereket itmek (hereccet itmece) ‘leuarsi col campo’ 145 I. - cf.: hareket etmek ‘to move, to act; |h|erkes (ercces) ‘ciarcuno’ 63 r. - cf: herkes ‘everybody, everyone'; |hJeset (eset) ‘8’ 265 1. - cf.: heşt ‘eight'; |h]estad (estad) ‘80’ 266 I. - cf.: heptad ‘eighty’; |h|eştede (esetede) ‘18’ 266 r. - cf.: heşt ‘eight’ + deh ‘ten’; |h|eva (eua) ‘aria’ 268 I. - cf.: hava ‘air’; |h|ey meded (ejimeded) ‘oime, aiuto’ 177 r. - cf.: hey exclamation ‘01’ + meded ‘help, aid’; |h|ezar (ezar) ‘millione’ 164 r., [hjezar (ezar) ‘ 1000’ 267 r. - cf.: hezar ‘thousand’; hıfz itmek (hifz itmece) ‘guardare, custodire’ 123 1. - cf.: hafız ‘keeper, protector, guardian’; hırs (hiris) ‘ insatiabile’ 135 r. - cf: hırs ‘greed'; hısım (hissim) ‘parente' 184 r. - cf.: hısım ‘relative, kin'; hışım ider (hiscim ider) ‘minacciare asprarmte' 163 I. - cf.: hışım ‘anger, fury"; hıyar (chjiar) ‘citrjinolo" 62 I. - cf.: hıyar ‘cucumber’; hicab (higiab) ‘vergogna' 249 r. - cf.: hicap ‘shame, bashfulness’; |h|iç (icc)‘niente' 171 I., [h]iç (icc) ‘nulla’ 173 1. - cf.: hiç ‘nothing’; |h|idayet (idajiet) benigno da bene’ 44 I. - cf.: hidayet ‘1. the right way; spiritual guidance. 2. searching for the right way'; hidet ider (hidet ider) ‘adirarsi’ 25 I - cf.: hiddet etmek ‘to get angry’; hikayet (iccajiet) ‘naratione’ 169 r. - cf.: hikâye ‘story, tale’; hilaf (ilaf) ‘buggia, falso’ 51 I. - cf: hilaf ‘lie; false’; Part [I-Dictionary 79 |h|ilal (ilal) ‘luna noua’ 150 r. , [h] ilal (ilal) ‘oreccino’ 180 1. - cf.: hilâl 'new moon, crescent’; hilat (hilat) ‘veste donata dal Re’ 249 1. - cf.: hil'at ‘robe of honour’; hilatlamak (hilatlamak) ‘vestire con veste donata dal Re’ 249 1. - cf.: hil'at giydirmek ‘to reward with a robe of honour’; hile (hjille) ‘ingano, falsita’ 134 r. - cf.: hile ‘trick, cheating’; himayet (himajiet) ‘protetione’ 199 r. - cf.: himaye ‘protection, defence’; |h|imet eylemek (imet eilemek) ‘augurar bene’ 40 r. - cf.: himmet etmek ‘to take the trouble, to help’; |h|ire (ire) ‘gatto’ 115 1. - cf.: hirre ‘she-cat’; hisab (hisab) ‘conto’ 67 I. - cf.: hesap ‘account, bill’; hisar (hissar) ‘fortezza’ 110 r. - cf.: hisar ‘castle, fort’; hissar ider (hissar ider) ‘assediare’ 37 1. - cf: hisar ‘siege, blockade’; hişrin (hiscrin) ‘20’ 266 r. - cf.: işrin ‘twenty’; hitab itmek (hitab itmece) ‘minacciare, adirarsi’ 163 I. - cf.: hitab etmek ‘to deliv­ er a speech'; hitay (hitaji) ‘donna che tiene un picolo buco in luogho di natura' 86 r. - This word is not confirmed in other Turkish sources. hizmet ider (hizmet ider) ’seruire, far seruitio’ 223 I. - cf.: hizmet etmek ‘to serve, to render service’; hizmetkâr (hizmetccar) ‘seruitore’ 223 I. - cf: hizmetkâr ‘servant’; hok|k|a (hoka) ’busolo’ 51 I. - cf.: hakka ‘cup, pot’; hor (chor) ‘disprezzo’ 82 1. - cf.: hor ‘despicable, contemptible, abject"; horata (chorata) ‘burla’ 51 1. - cf.: horata ‘joke jest’; horlamak (chorlamak) ‘disprezzare’ 82 I. - cf.: horlamak ‘to insult, to ill-treat’; horoz (choros) ‘gallo’ 115 I. - cf.: horoz ‘rooster’; hoş (chose) ’buono' 51 I. - cf.: hoş ‘pleasant, nice’; hoş giirmek (hose gurmecc) ‘veder uolentieri’ 249 I. - cf.: hoş görmek ‘to tolerate, to overlook’; hovace (houage) ‘maestro literato’ 158 I. - cf.: hoca ‘1. teacher. 2. Muslim teach­ er’; |h|ovlamak (oulamak) ‘dar duento, inuestire’ 77 I. - Contemporary dictionaries do not contain this verb, however one can find this form in the seventeenth­ century dictionary by Meninski. Cf.: howlamak "vul. Impetum facere subitum in...' Men. I 1822; hu (hu) ‘quello’ 204 I. - cf.: hu ‘1. hey, there. 2. myst. orders,greeting formula. 3. He (i.e. God)’; Part II - Dictionary 80 hub (hub) ‘bello’ 44 I., hup (chup) ‘buono’ 511. — cf.: hub ‘good, excellent, beauti­ ful'; hubur (hubur) ‘contentezza, allegria’ 67 I. - cf.: hubur ‘happiness, delight, com­ fort’; hubuz (hubuz) ‘pane’ 184 r. - cf.: hubz ‘bread’; hucac (hugiag) ‘pereghrini’ 188 r. - cf.: pl. of hac = hacı ‘pilgrim’; hud (hud) ‘perö, pure’ 188 r. - cf.: hod, hoz, ho ‘1. self, one’s self; 2. own; 3. fundamentally, essentially; 4. in accordance with; indeed; 5. also, too’. See: Pomorska 2013: 126. hud ağaç (hud aghacc)50 30 r. - Probably this is ud = öd ağacı ‘agallocum, Indian aloe tree’; Huda (huda) ‘lddio’ 129 1. - cf.: Huda ‘God’; hurda (hurda) ‘bagaglie in generale’ 42 r. - cf.: hurda ‘ 1. old (iron), scrap (metal). 2. Small, fine’; hurdavat (hurdauat) ‘bagaglie in generale', hurdavat (hurdauat) ‘bagaglie in generale’ 42 r. - cf.: hurdavat ‘1. small pieces, scraps. 2. scrap iron, small wares’; hurem (churem) ‘gaudio’ 115 1. - cf.: hurrem ‘joyful, happy, smiling'; huri (huri) ’donzelle celesti angiolesse" 85 1. - cf.: huri ‘beautiful girl, houri'; hurma (churma) ‘datilo’ 77 r. - cf.: hurma ‘date’; huruf (huruf) ‘caratero' 54 1. - f.: huruf pl. of /iarf’letter'; husul (husul) ‘complimento’ 67 r., husul (hussul) fine d’un negotio’ 108 r. - cf.: husul ‘ 1. An occurrence, coming to pass. 2. attainment, acquisition’; husumet (chusumet) ‘contesa, gara’ 68 r. - cf.: husumet ‘enmity, spite, hostility; antagonism’; husurakim (husuraccim) ‘dimodo che' 82 r. - cf.: üzere, üzre ‘on, according to, on the subject of..; husus (husus) ‘causa, negotio' 55 r. - cf.: husus ‘matter; particularity’; huşur (huscur) ‘decima’ 79 I. - cf.: öşür ‘a tenth part’; huşnud (chuscnud) ‘contento, sadisfatto’ 68 r. - cf.: hoşnut ‘satisfied, pleased’; huy (huji) ‘costume, usanza’ 65 1., huy (huji) ‘ingenuita’ 135 r. - cf.: huy ‘habit, temper, disposition’; huzur (huzur) ‘quietate honorata’ 205 I. - cf.: huzur ‘1. presence. 2. freedom from anxiety, quiet’,; huzur itmek (huzur itmece) ‘quietare" 205 1. - see: huzur, huzurinde (huzurinde) ‘contentezza, allegria’ 67 I., huzurinde (huzurinde) ‘contentezza’ 68 r. - cf.: huzurunda ‘in the presence of; 50 There is no Italian commentary given for this term. Part II - Dictionary 81 hiiceci (hugecci) ‘mercante’ 161 r. - The word is not confirmed in other Turkish sources. hiicet (huget) ‘proua publica’ 199 r. - cf.: hüccet ‘argument; proof ; hücum ider (hugium ider) ‘assaltare si dice d’huomini’ 37 1. - cf.: hücum etmek ‘to break in suddenly, to attack’; hükâm (hucciam) ‘prepósito, superiore’ 199 r. - cf.: hiikkám pl. of hakim 1.ruler, governor; dominating, ruling’; hükm (huccm) ‘comandantento del Rè’ 65 r. - cf.: hükm, hüküm ‘ 1. sentence, de­ cree. 2. rule, dominion. 3. command, edict’; hükm ider (huccm ider) ‘comandare’ 65 r. - cf.: hükmetmek ‘to rule, to dominate, to command’; hükmin tutmak (huccmin tutmak) ‘pigliar comadamento’ 192 r. - see: hükm-, hükümet (huccumet) ‘gouemo, imperio’ 119 I., hükümet (hükümet) ‘imperio’ 131 1. - cf.: hükümet = hükümet ‘ 1. government; state; administration. 2. authority, power’; hürmet (hürmet) ‘acoiglienza, honore’ 23 r. - cf.: hürmet ‘respect, reverence’; hüşim itmek (huscim itmece) ‘far uiolenza’ 102 I. - cf. perhaps: huşunet ‘harsh­ ness; roughness, coarseness’. I blık (iblik) ‘capone’ 53 r.-cf.: iblik ‘capon’; Ilgar itmek (ilghar itmece) ‘corero’ 65 r. cf: ılgar ‘galop’; dice (ilige) ‘bagno caldo naturale’ 41 1. - cf: ılıca ‘hot spring’; ırak (İrak) ‘lontano’ 148 I. - cf.: ırak ‘distant’; ırgat (irghat) 'operario p[er] danari’ 179 r. - cf.: ırgat ‘day labourer, workman’; ırmak (İrmak) ‘corere del aqua’ 65 r. - cf.: ırmak ‘large river"; is (issi) ‘patrone’ 184 r. - cf.: is ‘master, owner’; ısı (issi) ‘caldo’ 53 r. - cf.: ısı ‘heat; thermal'; isicak (issigiak) ‘caldo’ 53 r. - cf.: ısıcak prov. var. of sıcak ‘hot; heath’; ısınmak (isinmak) ‘scaldarsi’ 219 I. - cf: ısınmak ‘to grow warm’ 82 Part 11 - Dictionary ısırmak (issirmak) ‘mordere’ 165 1. - cf.: ısırmak ‘to bite’; isitam (isitam) ‘febre' 106 r. - cf.: sıtma ‘fever’; ısıtmak (isitmak) ‘scaldarsi’ 219 1. - cf.: ısıtmak ‘to heat'; ıslanmak (isslanmak) ‘bagnarsi’ 41 I. - cf.: ıslanmak ‘to become wet’; ısmarlamak (issmarlamak) ‘comandare’ 65 r. - cf: ısmarlamak ‘order, commend'; ıssız, isuz (issis, isus) ‘dissabitato, uoto' 81 1. - cf.: ıssız ‘lonely, desolate (place); lyumak (ijumak) ‘lauare’ 143 1. - cf.: yumak ‘to wash'. ibadet (hibadet) ‘deuotione, seruitio à Dio’ 79 1. - cf.: ibadet ‘worship, prayer’; iblis (iblis) ‘diauolo’ 81 1. - cf.: iblis ‘satan, devil’; ibni (ibini) ‘figlioulo’ 107 I. - cf.: ibni ‘son of...’; ibram ider (ibram ider) ‘far instanza’ 101 r. - cf.: ibram etmek ‘to insist, to be over-persistent in making a request’; ibrik (ibrik) ‘bronzino’ 50 r. - cf.: ibrik ‘vessel with a handle and spout’; ibrişim (ibrişim) ‘seta’ 222 I. - cf.: ibrişim ‘silk thread’; ibtida (ibtida) ‘già è un pezzo’ 118 r. - cf.: ibtida ‘beginning’; ibtida ider (ibtida ider) ‘incominciare' 133 r. - cf.: ibtida etmek ‘to begin’; ¡cap (igiap) ‘certa, sicura cosa’ 59 I. - cf.: icap ‘rendering necessary, requiring’; icdal (igdal) ‘battaglia’ 41 I. - No confirmation of this word in other Turkish sources. içmek (iccmek) ‘beuere’ 44 1. - cf.: içmek ‘to drink’; içerü (iccieru) ‘dentro’ 79 r. - cf.: içeri ‘the inside"; içtirmek (iccurmecc) ‘dar à beuere’ 77 r. - cf.: içirmek ‘caus. of içmek’; idas (idas) ‘fabriGa, opera’ 101 r. - cf. perhaps: ihdas etmek ‘to produce, invent’; idayi (idaji) ‘dono, presente’ 85 1. - cf.perhaps: ihda etmek ‘give as a present’; idrak (idracc) ‘ingegno giuditio’ 133 r. - cf.: idrak ‘perception, intelligence’; iftira ider (iftira ider) ‘incolpar falsamente’ 133 r. - cf.: iftira etmek ‘to slander’; ifrit (hifrit) ‘serpenta’ 224 r. - cf.: ifrit ‘1. devil. 2. malicious, devilish’; Part li-Dictionary 83 ig (igh) ‘fuso’ 113 1. — cf.: iğ ‘spindle’; iglemek (iglemecc) ‘lagnarsi’ 143 I. - cf.: inlemek ‘to moan, to groan’; igne (igne) ‘aguccia’ 27 I. - cf.: iğne ‘needle, pin, thorn’; iğnen (ignen) ‘grandemente’ 120 I. - cf. perhaps: inen ‘descending?’; iğrenmek (ighrenmecc) ‘hauer p[er] male’ 125 r. - cf.: iğrenmek ‘to be disgusted, to feel aversion’; i|h|anet (ianet) ‘inimititia’ 133 1. - cf.: ihanet ‘treason, infidelity’; i|h|anet ider (ianet ider) ‘far inimicitia’ 101 I. - cf.: ihanet ‘treason, infidelity’; ihdayi aşere (ihdaji hascere) ‘11’ 265 I. - cf.: ehadaşer ‘eleven’; ihdayi ve hişrin (ihdaji ue hiscrin) ‘21’ 266 r. - cf. perhaps: ehad ‘unit’ + işrin ‘twenty’; ihlas (iklas) ‘purita’ 202 r. - cf.: ihlás ‘sincerity’; i|h|mal ( mal) ‘negligente’ 170 r., i[h]mal (imal) ‘tardanza p[er] dimento di tem­ po’ 239 r. - cf.: ihmal ‘negligence’; ihraç olmak (ikrag olmak) ‘uscire’ 259 r. - cf. ihraç etmek ‘to emit, expel, export, disembark’; ihrak olur (ighrak olur) ‘abruggiare’ 21 1. - cf.: ihrak ‘a burning'; i I h |san (issan) ‘cortessa, fauore’ 65 r. - cf.: ihsan ‘kindness, favour’; ihticac (ihtigiag) ‘sarittara publica’ 219 I. - cf.: ihlicac ‘proving something, giving a reason for something’; i|h|timal (itimal) ‘dubio, sospetto’ 89 1. - cf.: ihtimal ‘probability, hypothesis’; ihtişam (ihtissam) ‘quantita di sccaui di robba de gran sig:ri [= signori - E.S-G.]’ 203 I. - cf.: ihtişam ‘pomp, magnificence’; ihtitam (iktitam’1) ‘fine d’una cosa’ 107 I. - cf.: ihtitam ‘finishing something, completing something’; ihtiyaç (ihtjiag) ‘bisogno nécessita d’una cosa’ 45 I. - cf: ihtiyaç ‘want, necessity’; i|h|tiyar (itjiar) ‘huomo graue d’autorita’ 128 I. - cf.: ihtiyar ‘old man’; ihtiyar ider (iktjiar ider) ‘far á suo arbitrio’ 101 r. - cf.: ihtiyar etmek ‘to choose, to prefer’; ihzar (ihzar) ‘aparecciato, pronto’ 98 r. - cf.: ihzar ‘preparation, caused to be pre­ sent’; ikdam ider (ikdam ider) ‘affaticarsi’ 26 I. - cf.: ikdam etmek ‘to persevere’; iki (icci) ‘2’ 265 I. - cf.: iki ‘two’; ikiden birden (icciden birden) ‘piu d'una uolta’ 191 I. - cf.: ikide bir, ikide birde ‘now and then, all the time'; 51 In the Roman alphabet transcription of some words, the letter k appears instead of the letter h. Part II - Dictionary 84 İkincisi (iccingisi) ‘secondo’ 265 r. - cf.: ikinci ‘second’; ikindü namazı (ikindu namasi) ‘oratione delle hore" 268 r. - cf.: ikindi namazı ‘afternoon prayer’; iklim (iklim) ‘clima’ 64 I. - cf.: iklim ‘climate'; ikrar ider (ikrar ider) ‘premetere fermarmte’52 198 r. - cf.: ikrar etmek ‘to confess, to acknowledge’; iktisab (icctisab) ‘aquisitor, che aquisita' 34 1. - cf.: iktisab ‘acquisition, gain’; ikti[y|ar (iktiar) ‘arbitrio propira uolonta’ 35 1. - cf. ihtiyar ‘l.free will; freedom. 2. preference, choice"; ilac (hilag) ‘rimedio’ 212 1. - cf.: ilâç ‘remedy’; ile (ile) ‘con’ 65 1. - cf.: He ‘with’; ilerii (ileru) ‘in anzi’ 133 1. - cf.: ileri ‘the forward part; the front'; iletmek (iletmece) ‘condure, menare’ 65 r. - cf.: iletmek ‘carry off, send to a place’; ilik (ilicc) ‘finestrela’ 107 I., ilik (ilicc) ‘midolla’ 163 I. - cf.: ilik ‘marrow’; ilim (hilim) ‘leterato, possessor di scienza’ 145 I. - cf.: Him ‘1. science. 2. knowledge, learning’; ilim öğrenmek (hilim ughrenmecc) ‘imparar siencie' 132 r. - cf.: Him ‘science’ + öğrenmek ‘to learn’; iltifat (iltifat) ‘fauore. gratia' 101 r. - cf.: iltifat ‘courteous or kind treatment’; imam (imam) ‘prete tuseo’ 198 r. - cf.: imam ‘religious leader'; iman (iman) ‘legge’ 145 1. - cf.: iman ‘1. belief, faith; 2. absolute conviction, con­ fidence’; imaret (himaret) ‘hospitio publico’ 127 1. - cf.: imaret ‘kitchen for the distribution of food to the poor’; imdi (imdi) ‘adunque’ 25 1. - cf.: imdi ‘thus, and so’; imla (imla) ‘ortogarfia (sic), coretione nello scriuere’ 180 r. - cf.: imlâ ‘spelling, orthography"; imrahur başı (imrachur basci) ‘caualerizzo maiggiore' 53 r. - cf.: mirahor ‘Master of the Horse’; imkan (imcchan) ‘modo remedio’ 165 1. — cf.: imkân ‘possibility’; imza (imza) ‘sotto sirtione firma’ 231 r. - cf.: imza ‘signature’; inad ider (inad ider) ‘contredire’ 69 r., inad ider (hinad ider) ‘recusare di far una cosa' 210 r. - cf.: inad etmek ‘to be obstinate, to persist’; inanmak (inanmak) ‘credere’ 72 r. - cf.: inanmak ‘to believe’; 52 The system of abbreviations is used in some Italian words. Instead of ’fermamente“ there is "fermam:te". Part II - Dictionary 85 inayet eylemek (inajiet eilemecc) ‘aiutare’ 28 I. - cf.: inayet ‘care, effort’; ince (inge) ‘sottile’ 231 r. - cf.: ince 'thin, delicate, subtle’; ince karaul (inge karaul) ‘vanguardi’ 246 r. - cf. perhaps: karavul ‘sentry, guard, watchman’; inci, incii (ingi, ingiu) ‘perla’ 187 r. - cf.: inci ‘pearl’; incik (ingicc) ‘colla del piedo’ 65 r. - cf.: incik ’shin’; incinmek (niginmecc) ‘adirarsi’ 25 1. - cf: incinmek ‘to be hurt, to be offended’; incir (ingir) ‘fico’ 107 1. - cf.: incir ‘fig’; incitmek (ingitmek) ‘offendere’ 176 r. - cf.: incitmek ‘to hurt, to offend’; inek (inece) ‘vaca’ 246 r. -cf: inek ‘cow’; inham (inham) ‘premio’ 198 1. - cf.:in'am ‘bestow a favour’; inkâr ider (incciar ider) ‘negare’ 170 r. - cf.: inkâr etmek ‘to deny, to refuse’; inmek (inmece) ‘smontare’ 230 1. - cf.: inmek ‘to descend’; insaf (insaf) ‘giusto, il douere’ 118 r. - cf.: //7.va/‘justice; moderation’; insayi ve hişrin (insaji ue hiscrin) ‘22’ 266 r. - cf.: isneyn ‘two’ + işrin 'twenty'; ip (ip) ‘corda' 65 1. - cf.: ip 'rope, cord"; ipek (ipecc) 'seta curda’ 222 I. - cf.: ipek 'silk"; iplik (iplik) ’filo' 107 I. - cf.: iplik ‘thread’; irgiirmek (irgurmecc) ‘ottenere il deciderio’ 182 1. - cf.: caus. of ermek 'to reach, to attain’; iri (iri) ‘grande’ 120 1. - cf.: iri ‘huge'; irismek (irismecc) ‘ariuare, peruenire’ 35 1. - cf.: recyp. of ermek ‘to reach, to attain’; irmek (irmece) ‘ariuare, peruenire’ 35 1., irmek (irmece) ‘disfarsi, liguefarsi’ 81 I. - cf.: ermek ‘to reach, to attain; to arrive at maturity’; irsad itmek (irsad itmek) ‘amaestrare’ 31 1. - cf: irşad etmek ‘to guide, to teach the right way’; irsal itmek (irsal itmece) 'mandare’ 151 I. - cf.: irsal etmek 'to send'; isim (issim) ‘nome’ 172 r. - cf.: isim ‘name’; ista aşere (ista hascere) ‘16’ 266 r. - cf: sitte ‘six’ + aşır 'a tenth '; istemek (istemece) ‘dimandare’ 81 I. - cf.: istemek ‘to wish for, to want'; istifra itmek (istifra itmece) ‘vomitare’ 256 1. - cf.: istifrağ etmek ‘to vomit'; istifsar ider (istifsar ider) 'interogare’ 134 r. - cf.: istifsar 'asking for information or explanation’; istiğbal ider (istighbal ider) 'riceuer con pompa’ 211 I. - Together with this com­ pound verb, in the same meaning, the Italian source presents the verb ağırlamak and the noun ekabir. Part II - Dictionary 86 istiğfar olmak (istighfar olmak) ‘pentirsi d'un pocato' 187 r. - cf.: istiğfar etmek ‘to ask God's pardon’; isti|h|bar (istibar) ‘noue pl.’ 172 r. - According to some contemporary sources istihbar can be explained as ‘asking for information, obtaining information’. However, the commentary given by the author presents a different meaning, which is additionally abbreviated and therefore difficult to dicepher. istihkak (istihkak) ‘pretensione, conuenienete dirito’ 198 r. - cf.: istihkak ‘merit; that which is due; ration’; istimalet (istimalet) ‘esortatione dolce’ 97 r., istimalet (istimalet) ‘humanita cortese offerta’ 128 I. - cf.: istimale ‘trying to persuade someone, gaining goodwill’; istyak (istjiak) ‘desiderio’ 79 r. - cf.: iştah ‘apetite, desire"; iş (ise) ‘negotio’ 170 r. - cf.: iş ‘work; action’; işaret (iscaret) ‘segno, conno’ 222 I. - cf.: işaret ‘sign, signal, mark’; işaru (iscaru) ‘notificatione quello che si uol dire’ 172 r. - cf.: iş 'ar ‘to make known’; işbu (isebu) ‘questo’ 204 I. - cf.: işbu ‘this; the present’; işik (iscicc) ‘sogliadel uscio’ 231 r.-cf.: eşik ’threshold’; işitmek (işitmek) ‘udire’ 248 I. - cf.: işitmek ‘to hear, to listen’; işkil (isccil) ‘dubio, sospetto’ 89 1. - cf.: işkil ‘doubt, suspicion’; işlemek (isclemecc) ’fare, cioé operare’ 101 1. - cf.: işlemek ’to work, to function’; işmek (iscmecc) ‘pisciare’ 191 I. - cf.: işemek ‘to urinate’; işnayın (isenajin) ’2’ 265 I. - cf.: isneyn ‘two’; işnayı aşere (isenaji hascere) ‘12’ 265 1. - cf.: isnaaşer ‘twelve’; işsiz (iscsiz) ‘sfacendato’ 226 1. - cf.: işsiz ‘without work, unemployed’; işte (isete) ‘vedi, hora, mo’ 249 r. - cf.: işte ‘now, thus’; iştiba (isetiba) ‘dubio, sospetto’ 89 I. - cf.: iştibah ‘doubt’; iştigal (iştigal) ‘prestezza, diligenza’ 198 r. - cf.: iştigal ‘occupying oneself; itibar (hitibar)’riputatione, crédito’ 2111. - cf.: itibar ‘esteem, consideration’; itikad ider (itikad ider) ‘credere’ 72 r. - cf.: itikadetmek ‘to believe in’; itikadlu (itikadlu) ‘crédulo’ 72 r. - cf.: itikadh ‘believing’; itiraz ider (itiraz ider) ‘auertire hauer riguarda’ 39 I. - cf.: itiraz etmek ‘to raise an objection’; itman (itman) ‘pratica’ 198 I. - cf.: idman ‘training’; itmek (itmece) ‘fare’ 101 r. - cf.: etmek ‘to do’; ivaz (hivaz) ‘rimerito’ 211 1. - cf.: ivaz ‘an exchange, something given in ex­ change’; Part II-Dictionary 87 iza (¡za) ‘tormento, stratio’ 243 I. — cf.: izaa 'waste, loss’; iza itmek (iza itmece) ‘offendere’ 176 r. - cf.: izaa etmek ‘to waste’; izetlii (hizetlu) ‘prostante, fortunato’ 200 r. - cf.: izzetli 'honourable’. K Kabahat (kabahat) ‘furberia’ 113 I. - cf.: kabahat ‘fault, offense; guilt, sin'; kabak (kabak) ‘zuca’ 264 r. - cf.: kabak ‘pumpkin; marrow'; kabarcık (kabrgik) 'bugno di pesti’ 52 r. - cf.: kabarcık 'bubble, pimple; pustule’; kabarmak (kabarmak) ‘enfiare, gonfiare’ 95 I. - cf: kabarmak 'to swell, to be puffed up’; Ka’be (cchabe) ‘Mecha’ 162 r. - cf.: Kabe ‘The Kaaba, cubical temple at Mecca’; kabil (kabil) 'capace, inteligente’ 56 r., kabil (kabil) 'possibile' 196 r. - cf: kabil ‘capable, possible’; kabil olmak (kabil olmak) esser capace’ 99 r. - cf.: kabil 'capable, possible" + olmak ‘to be, to become’; kabile (kabjile) ‘atruppa â truppa’ 38 I. - cf.: kabile ‘tribe’; kabiliyet (kabiljiet) ‘capace, inteligente’ 56 r., kabiliyet (kabiljiet) ‘possibile’ 196 r. - cf: kabiliyet ‘capability, possibility’; kab|i|r (kabr) ‘ fossa da morto’ 110 I. - cf: kabir ‘grave, tomb'; kab|i|re (kabre) ‘sepolcura’ 224 r. - cf: kabir ‘grave, tomb’; kabl (kabl)'in anzi’ 133 I. - cf.: kabl- 'before’; kabluce (kabluge) 'bagno caldo naturale’ 41 I. - cf: kaplıca ‘thermal spring’; kabuk (kabuk) ‘scorza d’albero’ 221 r. - cf: kabuk ‘outer covering; skin, peel’; kabul ider (kabul ider) ‘agradire’ 27 I., kabul ider (kabul ider) 'compiacersi una cosa’ 69 I., kabul ider (kabul ider) ‘esaudire’ 99 r. - cf: kabul etmek ‘to ac­ cept; to receive’; kabz ider (kabz ider) ‘confıscare la roba" 69 r. - cf.: kabzetmek ‘to grasp; to take"; kabz olmak (kabz olmak) ‘esser stitico’ 99 r. - cf.: kabzolunmak 'to be grasped, seized, taken into possession’; kaçan (kaccan) 'quando’ 203 I. - cf: kaçan 'when'; Part II-Dictionary 88 kaçkın (kacckin) ‘fugitiuo’ 113 I. - cf.: kaçkın ‘fugitive; deserter’; kaçmak (kaccmak) ‘fugire’ 113 1. - cf.: kaçmak ‘to escape; to run away’; kaçınlamak (kaccinlamak) ‘scusarsi di far una cosa' 221 r. - cf.: kaçınmak ‘to avoid, to keep away (from)’; kaçınmak (kaccinmak) ‘astenersi di non far una cosa’ 38 r. - cf.: kaçınmak ‘to avoid, to keep away (from)’; kada (kada) ‘bichiero’ 45 1. - cf.: kadeh ‘glass, wine glass’; kadayıf (kadajif) ‘tagladelle all arabesca’ 239 1. - cf.: kadayıf'any of various kinds of sweet pastry’; kadem (kadem53 ) ‘giâ e un pezzo’ 118 r. - cf.: kadem ‘foot (unit of length), about 15 inches’; kademlii (kademlu) ‘auenturato’ 40 r. - cf.: kademli ‘lucky, auspicious’; kadın (kadin) ‘signora’ 228 1. - cf: kadın ‘woman, lady’; kadife (kadife) ‘veluto’ 250 r. - cf: kadife ‘velvet’; kadim (kadim) ‘antiquamte’ 33 r. - cf.: kadim ‘old, ancient; olden time’; kadir olmak (kadir olmak) ‘esser sufıciente, bastante’ 99 r., kadir olmak (kadir olmak) ‘potere, esser posibil’ 196 r. - cf.: kadir olmak ‘to be able, to have power, to be capable’; kafadar (kafadar) ‘retroguardia’ 208 1. - cf: kafadar ‘intimate friend; like-minded; kafas (kafas) ‘gabia’ 115 1. - cf.: kafes ‘cage’; kağan (kaghan) ‘furioso, arabiato’ 113 1. - cf.: kağan ‘roaring’; kâğet (cciaghet) ‘foglio di carta’ 110 1. - cf.: kağıt ‘paper; letter’; kâğıt (cciaghit) ‘carta’ 56 1. = kâğıt', ka|h|pe (kape) ‘putana’ 202 r. - cf.: kahpe ‘prostitute’; kail olmak (kajil olmak) ‘acordarsi, aconsentire’ 23 r, kail olmak (kajil olmak) ‘contentarsi, aconsentire’ 68 I. - cf.: kail olmak ‘to consent, to agree to’; kakmak (kakmak) ‘piantare’ 192 r. - cf.: kakmak ‘to push, to tap, to inlay’; kakımak (kakimak) ‘brauare, minacciare’ 50 r., kakımak (kakimak) ‘minacciare. adirarsi’ - cf. perhaps: kakınmak ‘to become a victim of someone’s anger’, kakımak ‘to be angry (with)’; kala (kala) ‘fortezza’ 110 r. - cf.: kal'a, kale ‘fortress, castle’; kalaş (kalasc) ‘acorto, furbo’ 23 r. - cf.: kalleş ‘untrustworthy; mean’; kalb (kalb) ‘ core, animo’ 69 1. - cf.: kalb ‘heart’; kaldurmak (kaldurmak) ‘leuar su una cosa' 146 r. - cf.: kaldırmak ‘to raise, to erect, to lift’; kalem (kalem) ‘penna da scriuere' 189 1. - cf.: kalem ‘reed, pen’; 53 In its Arabic notation this word is written as: akdem. Part II - Dictionary 89 kalemtiraş (kalemtirasc) ‘temperino’ 241 r. - cf.: kalemtraş ‘penknife'; kalğ|ı|mak (kalghmak) ‘saltare’ 217 r. - cf.: kalgımak ‘to give a slight jump, to start’; kalib (kalib) ‘forma con che si fa una cosa fonduta’ 110 1. - cf.: kalıp ‘matrix, cast­ ing mold’; kalın (kalin) grosso’ 121 r. - cf.: kalın ‘thick’; kalil (kalil) ‘poco’ 194 1. - cf.: kalil ‘little, few, small’; kalkan (kalkan) ‘brochiero’ 50 r. - cf.: kalkan ‘shield, buckler’; kalkmak (kalkmak) ‘leuarsi’ 146 r. - cf.: kalkmak ’to get up, to stand up, to rise’; kalmak (kalmak) ‘restare’ 210 r. - cf.: kalmak ‘to remain’; kalpak (kalpak) ‘capello alia tartaresca’ 56 I. - cf.: kalpak ‘fur cap’; kalpazan (kalpozan) ‘monetario’ 166 1. - cf.: kalpazan ‘maker of false coins, counterfeiter"; kamçı (kamgi) ‘scuriata de i tartari’ 221 r. - cf.: kamçı ‘whip’; kamer (kamer) ‘luna’ 149 I., kamer (kamer) ‘luna’ 268 I. - cf.: kamer ‘moon’; kamış (karnise) ‘cannadi palude’ 55 1. - cf.: kamış ‘reed’; kamil (ccamil) ‘dotto’ 86 r., kâmil (ccamil) ‘erudito, dotto’ 96 I. - cf: kâmil ‘per­ fect, complete, mature’; kan (kan) ‘sangue’ 217 r. - cf.: kan ‘blood’; kana’at ider (kanahat ider) ‘contentarsi di poco’ 69 I. - cf.: kanaat etmek ’to be satisfied’; kanat (kanat) ‘ala" 30 r. - cf.: kanat ‘wing’; kande (kande) ‘doue’ 85 I. - cf.: kanda, kande ‘where’; kandil (kandil) ‘lampada’ 144 r. - cf.: kandil "oil lamp’; kangi (kanghi) ‘quale’ 203 I. - cf.: hangi ‘which’; kanmak (kanmak) ‘satiarsi di beuere’ 217 r. - cf.: kanmak ‘to be satiated"; kanun (kanun) ‘ordinatione del Re stile antiquo, osseruato inuolabilm:te’ 180 I. - cf.: kanun ‘law, act, statute"; kapağı (kapaghi) ‘coperccio’ 69 r. - cf.: kapak ‘lid, cover’; kaplamak (kaplamak) ‘foderare una cosa’ 1 10 I. - cf.: kaplamak ‘1. to cover, to cover with. 2. to overlay’; kaplubağa (kaplubagha) ‘tartaruga’ 239 r. - cf.: kaplubağa = kaplumbağa turtle ; kapmak (kapmak) ‘rapire p(er) forza’ 207 r. - cf.: kapmak ’to snatch, to seize, to catch’; kapu (kapu) ‘porta’ 194 I. — cf: kapı door , kar (kar) neue’ 170 1. - cf.: kar ‘snow ; Part II-Dictionary 90 kara (kara) ‘bruno oliuastro’ 50 r.; kara (kara) ‘negro 170 r. - cf.: kara black, dark’; kara yel (kara jiel) ‘maestro’ 269 r. - cf.: karayel ‘north-west wind; north-west , karace (karage) ‘daino" 77 1. - cf.: karaca ‘roe deer ; karakada54 (karakada) ‘bagatelia coglioneria’ 42 1. karakora (karakora) ‘plebe, gente bassa" 194 r. - cf. perhaps: kara kuru ‘swarthy and skinny, ugly’; kararjhk (karagnlik) ‘oscuro" 180 I. - cf.: karanlık ‘darkness’; karagu (karagnu) ‘oscuro’ 180 1. - cf.: karanu ‘dark, obscure"; karar (karar) ‘riposo quiete’ 213 r. - cf.: karar ‘decision, resolution’; karar itmek (karar itmece) ‘riposarsi, fermarsi" 213 r. - cf.: karar bulmak ‘to be­ come settled or stable’; karaul (karaul) ‘guardia sintinela del campo’ 124 r. - cf.: karavul ‘sentry, guard, watchman’; karbuz (karbuz) ‘cogomero, melone da aqua’ 69 r. - cf.: karpuz ‘watermelon"; kardaş (kardasc) ‘fratello’ 112 r. - cf.: kardeş, kardaş ‘brother; sister"; karga (kargha) ‘coruo’ 69 1. - cf: karga ‘crow; rook’; kargir (cciargir) ‘muraglia farte’ 168 r. - cf.: kârgir, kagir ‘built of brick or stone (house)’; karı (kari) ‘donna di tempo’ 86 I. - cf.: karı ‘woman, wife’; karın (kami) ‘pancia’ 185 1. - cf.: karın ‘belly, stomach’; karınca (karinga) ‘formica’ 110 1. - cf.: karınca ‘ant’; karındaş (karindasc) ‘fratello’ 112 r. - cf.: karındaş = kardeş; karış (karise) ‘palmo di misura’ 185 I. - cf.: karış ‘span; the third of an arşın’; karış murış (karise murise) ‘confuso, riuoltato sa sopra’ 69 I., karışmurış (karise murise) ‘riuoltato so sopra confuso" 213 r. — cf.: karış muruş ‘all mixed up, in utter disorder’; karışlamak (karisclamak) ‘misurare’ 163 I. - cf.: karışlamak ‘to measure by the span’; karışmak (karisemak) ‘mescolare’ 162 r. - cf: karışmak ‘to mix"; karib (karib) ‘apresso’ 97 1. - cf.: karib ‘near’; kar|i|ye (karjie) ‘villa’ 251 1. - cf: kariye ‘village’; karkesp (ccarccesp) ‘mestiero p[er] far guadagno" 162 r. - cf: kâriikisb ‘business, occupation; 54 Neither historical nor present-day sources of the Turkish language register this word. Perhaps this is kara ‘black" + kada which exists in dialects and has the meaning of ‘sister, brother’. Part II-Dictionary 91 karşı, karşu, karşusınde (karscu, karsci, karscusinde) ‘incontro, oposite’ 136 1. - cf.: karşı ‘opposite’; karşu gitmek (karscu gitmece) ‘andar in contro’ 33 r., karşu gitmek (karscu gitmece) ‘incontrarsi con uno’ 135 r. - cf.: karşı gitmek ‘to go out to meet’; karşulaşmak (karsculasc[m]ak) ‘andar in contro’ 33 r., karşulaşmak (carsculascmak) ‘contrastare’ 67 I.’, karşulaşmak (carsculascmak) ‘incontrarsi con uno’ 135 r.’ - cf.: karşılaşmak ‘to meet (one another), to encounter, to be confronted (with)’; kart (kart) ‘decrepito’ 80 r. - cf.: kart ‘old; not fresh or tender’; kartal (kartal) ‘acquila’ 23 I. - cf.: kartal ‘eagle’; kâruban (cciaruban) ‘carauana’ 56 1. - cf.: kârvan, kervan ‘caravan’; karvan serayı (ccaruan seraji) ‘seraglio’ 224 r. - cf.: kârvansaray, kervansaray ‘caravanserai, inn with a large courtyard’; kasab (kassab) ‘beccaro’ 45 r. - cf.: kasab ‘butcher’; kasaba (kassaba) ‘terra grossa’ 241 r. - cf.: kasaba ‘small town’; kasavet (kassauet) ‘malenconia, afanno’ 158 I. - cf.: kasavet, kasvet ‘melancholy, depression’; kasden (kasden) ’afosta’ 97 I. - cf.: kasden ‘intentionally, deliberately’; kasem (kassem) ‘giuramento, obligo’ 119 r. - cf.: kasem ‘oath’; kas|i|r (kasr) ‘pogiuolo logo alto da ueder fuori’ 196 r. - cf.: kasır ‘summer pala­ ce’; kaş (kase) ‘ciglio’ 62 I. - cf.: kaş ‘eyebrow’; kaşanmak (kascanmak) ‘pisciare del cauallo’ 192 I. - cf.: kaşanmak 'to stale’; kaşık (kascik) ‘cucciaro’ 76 r. - cf.: kaşık ‘spoon’; kat (kat) ‘carestia’ 56 r. - cf.: kat ‘cutting in on, interrupting’; kat kat (kat kat) ‘vno sopra I’altro’ 254 1. - cf.: kat ‘story, floor; stratum’; katar (katar) ‘truppa di bestie legate in sieme’ 244 I. - cf.: katar ‘string or file (of camel etc.); katı (kati) ‘teribile forte’ 241 r. - cf.: katı ‘hard; strong’; katır (katir) ‘mulo’ 168 r. - cf.: katır ‘mule’; katib (ccatib) ‘scriuano, secretario’ 221 r., kâtib (cciatib) ‘secretario’ 224 r. - cf.: kâtib ‘clerk, secretary’; katil (katil) ‘homicida’ 127 I. - cf.: katil ‘1. murderer. 2. a killing, assassination’; katine (katine) ‘apresso’ 97 1. - cf.: kat arch, ‘near, side’; kati ider (katl ider) ‘amassare’ 3 1 I. - cf.: katletmek ‘to assassinate, to murder'; katlanmak (katlanmak) ‘aspettare’ 37 I. - cf.: katlanmak ‘to bear, to tolerate, to endure’; 92 Part II - Dictionary katmak (katmak) ‘mescolare’ 162 r. - cf.: katmak ‘to add; to mix’; katruğa (katrugha) ‘galea’ 115 I. - cf.: kadırga ‘galley’; kavak ağaç (kauak aghag) ‘piopa arbore" 193 r. - cf.: kavak ‘poplar’; kaval (kaual) ‘zufolo da pastore’ 264 r. - cf.: kaval ‘shepherd’s pipe; flageolet"; kavi (kaui) ‘fortermte forte’ 110 I. - cf.: kavi ‘strong, robust’; kav|i|m (kaum) ‘popolo, gente’ 196 r. - cf.: kavim ‘people, nation’; kavramak (kauramak) ‘rapire p(re) forza’ 207 r., kavramak (kauramak) ‘rubar p(er) forza’ 215 I. - cf.: kavramak ‘to seize, to grasp, to grab"; kavun (kauun) ‘melone’ 162 r. - cf.: kavun ‘muskmelon, melon’; kavuşmak (kauuscmak) ‘conuenir insime in un luogo’ 69 r. - cf.: kavuşmak ‘1. to meet, to come together. 2. to obtain’; kaya (kajia) ‘sasso uiuo" 217 r. - cf.: kaya ‘rock’; kaygana (kajighana) ‘fritata’ 112 1. - cf.: kaygana ‘omelette’; kaygu (kajighu) ‘malenconia, afanno’ 158 I. - cf.: kaygı ‘anxiety, grief, care’; kayim (kajim) ‘fermo, stabile’ 106 1. - cf.: kaim ‘standing, lasting’; kayimekam (kajimekam) ‘luogo tenente" 149 1. - cf.: mekan ‘place, site’; kayın (kajin) ‘cognato, fratello Della moglie’ 69 I. - cf.: kayın ‘brother-in-law"; kayış (kajisc) ‘coregia di corame’ 69 r. - cf.: kayış ‘strap, belt’; kayışçı (kajisci) ‘baricocoli’ 42 I. - cf.: kayışçı ‘strap maker, belt maker; strap sell­ er, belt seller’; kaymak (kajimak) ‘panna del latte’ 186 r. - cf.: kaymak ‘cream, clotted cream’; kaynamak (kajinamak) ‘bollire’ 48 r. - cf.: kaynamak ‘to boil, to be boiled’; kaynat (kajinat) ‘genere humano’ 116 1. - cf.: kaynata ‘father-in-law’; kayusi (kajiusji) ‘chi hâ pinsiero" 61 1. - cf. perhaps: kayu ‘anxiety’; kaz (kaz) ‘ocha" 175 r. - cf.: kaz ‘goose’; kaza (kaza) ‘infortunio’ 136 1. - cf.: kaza ‘accident, misfortune’; kazan (kazan) caldra da dui manichi’ 56 r. - cf.: kazan ‘cauldron’; kazanmak (kazanmak) ‘aquistare denari’ 23 r., kazanmak (kazanmak) ‘guadagnare’ 124 r. - cf.: kazanmak ‘to win, to gain, to make a profit’; I. kazı (kazi) ‘giudice" 119 r. - cf.: kadi ‘cadi - judge of Islamic law"; II. kazı (kazi) ‘podesta’ 196 r. - cf.: kadi ‘governor of kaza’; kazık (kazik) ‘palo’ 185 1. - cf.: kazık ‘pale, pile’; kazılı (kazili) ‘podestaria’ 196 r. - cf. perhaps: kadılık ‘quality, rank, functions or district of cadi’; kazib (kazib) ‘cazzo’ 54 1. - cf.: kazib = kadib ‘ 1. twig, rod. 2. penis’; kazmak (kazmak) ‘cauare la terra’ 56 r. - cf.: kazmak ‘to dig, to excavate’; Part II - Dictionary 93 kebab (kebab) ‘arosto' 36 I. - cf.: kebab ‘roast, broiled flesh or meat’; kebade (ccebade) ‘arco p[er] proua del bracio ogni giomi’ 36 1. - cf.: kebade ‘jun­ ior-sized bow for archery beginners; kebir (ccebir) ‘grande P.S.55’ 121 I. - cf.: kebir ‘great, grand’; kebuter (ccebuter) ‘colomba’ 69 I. - cf.: kebuter ‘pigeon’; kece (ccecce) ‘feltre’ 106 I. - cf.: keçe ‘felt’; keçi (ccecci) ‘capra’ 56 1. - cf.: keçi ‘goat’; kedi (ccedi) ‘gatto’ 115 1. - cf.: kedi ‘cat’; kefal (ccefal) ‘cefalo pesce’ 60 r. - cf.: kefal ‘grey mullet’; kefil olmak (ccefil olmak) ‘esser sicarta, piezo’ 99 r. - cf.: kefd ‘guarantor, spon­ sor’; kefiyet olmak (ccefjiet olmak) ‘bastare, esser bastante’ 43 r. - cf.: kâfi gelmek ‘to be sufficient, to be enough’; ke|h|el (cceel) ‘otioso’ 182 I. - cf.: kehel ‘lazy, indolent’; ke|h|elik (cceelicc) ‘otio" 182 I. - abstract form of kehel\ kekiz (ccecciz) 'bardasone’ 42 r. - cf.: kekez ‘passive pederast’; kel (ecel) ’tigna che fuciulIi’ 242 1. - cf.: kel ringworm’; kelam (ccelam) ‘parola’ 185 r. - cf.: kelâm ‘word, a saying’; kele(ccele) ’pidoccio‘ 1911. - cf.: kehle ‘louse’; kelimat (ccelimat) ‘parole assai’ 186 r. - cf.: pl. of kelime ‘word’; kelime (ecelime) ‘parola’ 185 r. - cf.: kelime ‘word’; kelp (ccelp) ‘cane’ 53 1. - cf.: kelb ‘dog"; kem (ccem) ‘catiuo’ 56 I. - cf.: kem ‘bad, evil; deficient’; keman yayı (cceman jiaji) ‘areo’ 36 1. - cf.: keman yayı ‘violin bow’; kemer (ccemer) ‘volto di fabrica’ 257 r., kemer (ccemer) ‘cintura di lastre d’argento’ 63 r. - cf.: kemer ‘ 1. belt, girdle. 2. arch, vault’; kemlik (ccemkicc) ‘furberia’ 113 1. - cf.: kemlik ‘badness, evil, bad will"; kenar (ccenar) ripa, orlo’ 213 I. - cf.: kenar ‘edge, border’; kendum (ccendum) ‘frumento’ 112 r. - cf.: gendurn ‘wheat’; kep|e|nek (ccepnecc) ‘palandrano rustico’ 186 r. - cf.: kepenek ’coarse cape or cloak worn by shepherds; keramet adem (cceramet adem) ‘chi fâ miraioli’ 61 1., keramet adem (cceramet adem) ‘homo imparabil che fa miracolo’ 127 I. - cf.: kerametmedar ‘man of sanctity manifested by miracles’; kerametli ‘holy (as a medium of miracles)’; keratile (cceratile) ’molte uolte’ 166 r. - cf.: kerratla ‘repeatedly, several times’; 55 In some cases the abbreviations used by the author are difficult to decipher. 94 Part II-Dictionary kere (ccere) ‘volta’ 257 r. - of.: kere ‘time, times’; kerem (ccerem) ‘gratia, fauore, cortesia’ 121 1. - cf.: kerem ‘kindness, goodness, benevolence’; keremit (cceremit) ‘coppi, tegola p(er) il tetto' 69 I. - cf.: kiremit ‘red roof tile‘; kereste (ccereste) ‘instrumenti necesari p[er] far una cosa’ 136 1. - cf.: kereste ‘timber, lumber'; kesel (ccesel) ‘affanno’ 26 I. - cf.: kesel ‘languor, indolence, slackness’; kesik (ccesicc) ‘tagliato' 239 I. - cf.: kesik ‘cut, broken'; keskin (ccesccin) ‘tagliente" 239 I. - cf.: keskin ‘sharp, acute'; kesmek (ccesmecc) ‘tagliare’ 239 I. - cf.: kesmek ‘to cut’; kesretlik (ccesretlicc) ‘moltitudine’ 166 1. - cf.: kesretli ‘abundant, excessive'; kestirmek (ccest irmece) ‘ricercar minutarmte una cosa’ 213 I. - cf.: kestirmek ‘1. to discern, to estimate, to perceive. 2. to locate, to find the place’; kestelik (ccestelicc) ‘quando non si fa faciedo in mercato' 203 I. - This word is difficult to identify. keşkül (ccesccul) ‘scudella di legno da Romito' 221 1. - cf: keşkül ‘boat-shaped beggar's cup’; keşret (ccescret) ‘quantita’ 203 1. - cf.: kesret ‘great quantity or number'; keten (cceten) ‘lino’ 147 r. - cf.: keten ‘flax, linen’; ketm itmek (ccetm itmece) ‘far passaggio’ 104 r. - cf.: ketmetmek ‘to conceal, to hide’; kezab (ccezab) ‘bugiardo’ 52 r. - cf.: kezzab rhabitual liar’; kıbla keşileme (kibla ccescscileme) ‘siroco' 269 r. - cf.: keşişleme ‘southeast wind; sirocco’; kiciklamak (kigiklamak) ‘far le gaticciole’ 104 r. - cf.: ktctklamak = gıcıklamak ‘to cause an irritation in the throat’; kıçı (kicci) ‘parte di dietro d’ogni cosa’ 185 I. - cf.: kıç ‘hinder part, behind; but­ tocks’; kıçınlamak (kiccinlamak) ‘ritirarsi di non far una cosa’ 213 r. - cf.: kıçın kıçın ‘backwards, astern’; kidim (kidimi) ‘antiquo, ueccio’ 33 r. - cf.: kıdem ' 1. seniority. 2. antiquity’; kığırmak (kighirmak) ‘chiamare’ 61 r. - cf.: kığırmak ‘arch, to invite, to call’; kığrışmek (ccighriscmek) ‘chiamare in molti’ 61 I. - cf.: kığırmak ‘to invite, to call’; kıl (kil) ‘capelo, pelo' 56 I. - cf: kıl ‘hair’; kılıç (kilicc) ‘scimitara’ 221 r. - cf.: kılıç ‘sword'; kımıldanmak (kimildanmak) ‘scosarsi da se stesso’ 220 I. - cf.: kımıldanmak ‘to move slightly, to stir"; Part 11-Dictionary 95 kin (kin) ‘guaina’ 124 r. - cf.: kin ‘sheath’; kina (kina) ‘colore p(er) lemani et p(er) i caualli’ 69 1. - cf.: kına ‘henna’; kır at (kir at) ‘cauallo leardo’ 56 I. - cf.: kır at ‘grey horse’; kırağı (kiraghi) ‘brina’ 50 r. - cf.: kırağı ‘hoarfrost’; kırca (kirga) ‘misccio di colore’ 164 r. - cf.: kırçal ‘grey-haired’, kırçıl ‘mixed or sprinkled with grey’; kırğın (kirghin) ‘vcisione’ 248 r. - cf.: kirgin’murrain’; 1. kırgın ‘hurt, dissapointed’; 2. kirk (kirk) ‘40’ 266 1. - cf.: kirk ’forty’; kırkmak (kirkmak) ‘tosare’ 243 1. - cf.: kırkmak ‘to clip, to shear’; kırmak (kirmak) ‘tagliare à pezzi’ 239 r. - cf.: kırmak ‘to break, to split’; kısa (kisa) ‘curto’ 76 r. - cf.: kısa ‘short’; kısacık (kisagik) ‘curtino’ 76 r. - cf.: kısacık ‘very short'; kıskanmak (kiskanmak) ‘inuidiare, hauer inuidia’ 136 1. - cf: kıskanmak ‘to envy, to be jealuos of; kısrak (kisrak) ’cauallo intiero’ 53 I. - cf.: kısrak ‘mare’; kış (kisc) ‘freddo’ 1 12 r., kış (kisc) ‘vernata’ 250 r. - cf: kış ‘winter’ kış zeman (kisc zeman) ‘inuemo’ 136 1. - cf.: kış ‘winter' + zaman ‘time’; kıtlık (kitlik) ‘carestia’ 56 r. - cf.: kıtlık ‘lack’; kıyamet (kjiamet) ‘giono del giuditio’ 119 r. - cf: kıyamet ‘doomsday; resurrec­ tion of the dead; last judgment’; kıymeti (kjimeti) ‘gratioso’ 121 1. - cf.: kıymetli ‘valuable, precious’; kiymetlii (kjimetlu) ‘gratioso’ 121 1. - cf.: kıymetli ‘valuable, precious’; kız oğlan (kiz oghlan) ‘donzella’ 86 I. - cf.: kız oğlan ‘girl; virgin’; kızak (kizak) ‘slitta, lielza’ 229 1. - cf.: kızak ‘sledge’; kızarmak (kizarmak) ‘aroscirsi infiamarsi’ 36 r., kızarmak (kizarmak) ‘infocarsi, infiamarsi’ 136 I. - cf: kızarmak ‘ 1. to turn red; to blush’; 2. to become roast­ ed or toasted"; kızğın (kizghin) ‘infocato’ 136 1. - cf.: kızgın ‘hot, red hot’; kızıl (kizil) ‘rosso’ 214 1. - cf.: kızıl ‘red’; kızkardaş (kizkardasc) ‘sorella’ 231 1. - cf.: kızkardeş ‘sister'; kızmış (kizmisc) ‘infocato’ 136 1. - cf.: kızmış part, of kızmak ’to get red-hot'; ki (cchi) ‘che’ 61 1. - cf.: ki ‘who, what, that’; kibi (ccibi) ‘come’ 66 r. - cf: gibi ‘alike, similar’; kibriya (ccibrjia) ‘magnitudine di Dio’ 159 I. - cf: kibriya ‘1. divine greatness. 2. magnificence, power. 3. almightiness"; kiçi (ccicci) ’¡I piu piciolo' 131 r. - cf.: kiçi arch, ’small"; Part II-Dictionary 96 kidvet (kiduet) ‘maggiore di autorita’ 159 I. - The word is not registered in other Turkish sources. kiler (cciler) ‘dispensa' 84 r. - cf.: kiler ‘store-room'; kilet (kilet) ‘carestia" 56 r. - cf. perhaps: kelete ‘small amount of ground cereals'; kilim (kilin56) ‘carpeta’ 56 1. - cf.: kilim ‘woven mat, carpet without pile'; kilit (ccilit) ‘luchetto* 149 1. - cf.: kilit ‘lock, padlock, latch'; kim, kimi (ccim, ccimi) ‘chi' 61 1. - cf.: kirn ‘who, whoever'; kimdiir (ccimdur) ‘chi e" 61 1. - cf.: kirn ‘who’ + dir ‘is’; kimesne (ccimse, ccimesne) ‘alcuno’ 30 r., [h]erkimse (erccimse) ‘qualunque’ 204 r. - cf.: kimse ‘someone, somebody’; kimse, kin (ccin) ‘malinconico’ 159 I. - cf.: kin ‘grudge, malice, hatred'; kin olmak (ccin olmak) ‘vindicarsi sfogar I’odio" 251 1. - cf.: kin tutmak ‘to bear a grudge’; kira (circa) ‘nolo’ 172 I. - cf.: kira ‘rent, hire'; kiraye virmek (ccirajie uirmecc) ‘dar ad affito 6 nolo" 77 1. - cf.: kiraya vermek ‘to let out on hire’; kirec (ccireg) ‘calcina’ 54 1. - cf.: kireç ‘lime’; kirik (kirik) ‘atilato’ 38 1. - cf. perhaps: gerek ‘fitting, suiting, proper'; kiris (cciris) ‘cola da legno’ 67 r. - cf.: kiriş ‘joist, plank, rafter"; kiriş (ccirisc) ‘corde di budela p[er] liuto arco’ 70 r. - cf.: kiriş ‘bowstring, violin string'; kirpi (ccirpi) ‘porco spinoso’ 196 1. - cf.: kirpi ‘hedgehog’; kirpiik (ccirpucc) ‘palpebra’ 186 r. - The author explains the word as ‘eyelid' whereas cf.: kirpik ‘eyelash’; kise (ccise) ‘borssa’ 47 I. - cf.: kise, kese ‘small bag, case"; kişi (ccisci) ‘persona, homo bono" 189 1. - cf: kişi ‘person, human being’; kitab (ccitab) ‘libro’ 147 r. - cf.: kitap ‘book'; kitabet ider (ccitabet ider) ‘scriuere’ 219 1. - cf.: kitabet ‘1. literary composition. 2. essay writing’; kizalik (ccizalicc) ‘come quello’ 65 I. - cf.: kezalik ‘also, likewise'; kizb, kizib (ccizib) ‘buggia, falso’ 51 1. - cf.: kizb, kizib ‘speaking falsely, false­ hood, lie’; kizb ider (ccizb idpr) ‘dir bugia’ 84 r. - cf.: kizb ‘speaking falsely, falsehood, lie; kizdiirmek (kizdurmek) ‘abrostolire’ 21 1. - cf.: kızdırmak ‘to make hot or warm’; koca (kogia) ‘vechio’ 249 r. - cf.: koca ‘old, aged’; 56 The Roman alphabet transcription is kilin (w ith the letter /n/ at the end), whereas in Arabic notation this word is written with the letter "mim". Part H - Dictionary 97 koçaklamak (kogaklamak) ‘abracciarsi in sieme’ 21 I. - cf.: kucaklamak ‘to em­ brace, to take in one’s arms’; kodoş (kodosc) ‘ruffiano’ 215 1. - cf.: kodoş ‘pimp’; kokmak (kokmak) ‘odorare’ 175 1. - cf.: kokmak ‘ 1. to smell. 2. to stink'; kolaydur (kolajidur) ‘e facile’ 101 r. - cf.: kolay ‘easy’; kolaysız (kolajisis) ‘difficile’ 82 I. - cf.: kolaysız ‘not easy’; koltuk (koltuk) ‘ascelle’ 38 r. - cf.: koltuk ‘armpit’; komak (komak) ‘poner, coIocar’ 196 I. - cf.: koymak ‘to put, to place’; konuklamak (kunuklamak) ‘banchetare, conuitare’ 42 1. - cf: konuklamak ‘to entertain; to give a feast’; kogşı (kogusci) ‘vicino di casa’ 251 I. - cf.: konşu, komşu ‘neighbour’; koparmak (koparmak) ‘distacare, spicare’ 83 I., koparmak (koparmak) ‘sbranare, distacare’ 218 I. - cf: koparmak ‘to break of, to tear away with violence’; kopmak (kopmak) ‘deriuare’ 79 I., kopmak (kopmak) ‘distacare, spicare’ 83 I. cf: kopmak ‘to break in two, to break off; kopuz (kopuz) ‘chitarone’ 61 I. - cf.: kopuz ‘one of the oldest Turkish musical instruments’; kor (kor) ‘braggia’ 50 r. - cf.: kor ‘red hot cinder’; korutmak (korutmak) ‘secare’ 224 r. - cf: kurutmak ‘to cause to dry’; kos (kos) ‘timpano grande’ 242 1. - cf.: kös ‘big drum used in Mehter music'; kovalak (koualak) ‘vantator’ 246 r. - cf.: kovalak ‘braggart’; kovalamak (koualamak) ‘perseguitare’ 189 I. - cf.: kovalamak ‘to run after, to chase, to pursue’; kovulmak (kouulmak) ‘esser scacciato’ 99 r. - cf: kovulmak pass.of kovmak ’to send away in disgrace, to repel'; kovuşmak (kouuscmak) ‘dar la carga’ 77 I., kovuşmak (kouuscmak) ‘perseguitare’ 189 I. - cf.: kovuşmak ‘to pursue one another’; I. koyun (kujiun) ‘sene, petto’ 224 r. - cf: koyun ‘bosom; breast’; II. koyun (kojiun) ‘castrato animate’ 56 r. - cf.: koyun ‘sheep; spiritless person'; koz (koz) ‘noce’ 172 1. - cf.: koz ‘walnut’; kök (ccocci) ‘radice’ 206 I. - cf.: kök ‘root"; kör (ccior) ‘cieco' 62 I. - cf.: kör ‘blind’; köse (ccose) ’poca barba’ 196 I. - cf: köse ‘with little or no beard’; köse adem (ccosse adem) "homo con poca barba’ 128 r. - see: köse-, köş: uzun köş (uzun ccosc) ‘orechia’ 180 r. - cf.: köşe ‘ 1. corner, angle. 2. nook’; kubul (kubul) ‘bascio' 42 I. - cf.: kuble ‘kiss’; Part II-Dictionary 98 kucmak (kugmak) ‘abracciare’ 21 I. - cf.: kucaklamak ‘to embrace, to take in one's arms’; kudurmak (kudurmak) ‘diuenir rabioso’ 83 I. - cf.: kudurmak ‘to go mad; to be afflicted with rabies’; kul (kul, ccole) ‘scciauo del Re ö d’altri' 221 r. - cf.: kul ‘slave’; kulağuz (kulaghuz) ’guida, stradarole" 124 r. - cf.: kılavuz ‘guide, pilot'; kule (kulla) ‘torre' 243 1. - cf.: kule ‘tower’; kum (kum) ‘arena' 36 1. - cf.: kum ‘sand’; kumar itmece (komar itmece) ‘giocar di denari’ 119 r. - cf.: kumar ‘gambling’; kumarbaz (komarbaz) ‘giocatore’ 119 r. - cf.: kumarbaz ‘gambler’; kumaş kemha (kumasc ccemha) ‘damasco di seta’ 77 I. - cf.: kumaş ‘material' + kemha ‘brocade, silk velvet’; kumbara (kumbara) ‘pignata di foco' 193 r. - cf.: kumbara ‘bombshell; money­ box’; kumkuma (kumkuma) ‘vaso di stagno ö lata ö piombo' 246 r. - cf.: kumkuma ‘narrow-necked vase or bottle’; kundak (kundak) ‘cassa da archibugio’ 56 1., kundak (kundak) ‘çulla da fanciullo' 75 1. - cf.: kundak ‘stock (of a gun)'; kundurmak (kundurmak) ‘far aloggiar’ 104 r. - cf.: kondurmak ‘find lodgings for someone'; kurb (kurb) ‘apresso’ 97 1. - cf.: kurb ‘nearness, proximity’; kurbağa (kurbagha) ‘rana’ 207 1. - cf.: kurbağa ‘frog'; kurban (kurban) ‘sacrifıtio di amazar animalni p[er] i prueri 217 r. - cf.: kurban ‘sacrifice’; kurd (kurd) ‘lupo’ 149 1. — cf.: kurt ‘wolf; kurna (kuma) ‘fontaneta del bagno' 110 1. - cf.: kurna ‘basin of a bath or fountain; sink’; kurşun (kurscun) ‘piombo’ 193 r. - cf: kurşun ‘lead'; kurtulmak (kurtulmak) ‘liberarsi da se stesso’ 147 r. - cf: kurtulmak ‘ 1. to escape, to get free. 2. to be saved, redeemed"; kuru (kuru) ‘seco’ 224 r. - cf: kuru ‘dry, dried"; kurulmak (kurulmak) ‘secare’ 224 r. - cf.: pass, of kurumak ‘to dry, become dry’; kusmak (kusemak57) ‘vomitare’ 256 I. - cf: kusmak ‘to vomit’; kust (ccust) ‘came’ 53 r. - cf: güşt ‘flesh, meat; 57 According to the notation in Arabic script the spelling should be kusmak not kusemak. Part II-Dictionary 99 kusur (ccusur) ‘mancamento di meno’ 159 L, kusur, kusuri (kusur, kusuri) ‘residuo’ 210 r. - cf.: kusur ‘fault, defect’; kuş (kusc) ‘vcello’ 248 r. - cf.: kuş ‘bird’; kuşak (kuscak) ‘cordone di seta col qual si cinge’ 67 r., kuşak (kuscak) ‘cintura di lastre d’argento’ 63 r. - cf.: kuşak ‘girdle; belt’; kuşanmak (kuscanmak) ‘cingersi da se stesso’ 63 r. - cf.: kuşanmak ‘to gird one­ self; kuşatmak (kuscatmak) ‘assediare’ 37 I., kuşatmak (kuscatmak)‘cingere’ 63 r. - cf.: kuşatmak ‘ 1. to gird on. 2. to besiege, to surround’; kuşluk (kuscluk) oratione della matina' 268 r. - cf.: kuşluk ‘1. place where birds are kept. 2. forenoon, lunch’; kutlamak (kutlamak) ‘congratularsi angunar bene, uentura ad una’ 69 1. - cf.: kutlamak ‘to congratulate, to celebrate’; kutlu olsun (kutlu olsun) ‘sia con beneditione conuentura’ 228 1. - cf.: kutlu olsun ‘to wish someone good luck’; kutni (kutni) ‘drappo di seta di filo che uiene d’alepo etindia’ 88 I. - cf.: kutnu ‘a kind of silk and cotton cloth’; kuye (ccujie) ‘villa’ 251 I. - cf.: kûy ‘district, quarter"; kuyı, kuyu (kuji, kujiu) ‘pozzo’ 196r. - cf.: kuyu ‘well; pit’; kuyidurmak58 (kujidurmak) ‘far poner dentro’ 104 r. - cf.: koymak ‘to put, to place'; kuyığu (kujighu) ‘affanno’ 26 1. - cf.: kaygı, kaygu ‘anxiety, grief; kuyimak (kujimak) ‘poner dentro’ 196 1. - cf.: koymak ‘to put, to place’; kuyıvirmek59 (kuji uirmecc) ‘dar lizenzo’ 77 r. - cf. perhaps: koyuvermek ‘to let go, to allow’; kuyruk (kujiruk) ‘coda’ 69 I. - cf.: kuyruk ‘tail’; kuyulmak (kujiulmak) ‘entrarar dentro di frota come sicca al. assalto’ 95 I. - cf.: koyulmak ‘to be put, to be poured. 2. to be busied with'; kuyuvermek (kujiu uermecc) ‘lasciare andar’ 144 r. - cf. perhaps: koyuvermek ‘to let go, to allow. 2. just to put down’; kuzi (kuzi) ‘agnello' 27 I. - cf.: kuzu ‘lamb’; küçücük (ccuccugucc) ‘picciolissimo’ 193 r. - cf.: küçücük ‘very small, tiny’; küçük (ccuccucc)‘picciolo’ 191 I. - cf.: küçük ‘small, little’; 58 Here the verb durmak, which constitutes part of this form, performs the role of auxiliary verb. 59 This is an example of the combination of the gerund form of the verb koymak w ith the verb vermek in its role as auxiliary verb. 100 Part]] - Dictionary küflenmek (ccuflenmecc) ‘muffarsi’ 168 r. - cf.: küflenmek 'to turn mouldy, suffer from neglect’; küflenmiş (ccuflenmisc)’muffo’ 168 r. - cf.: küflenmek ‘1. mouldy. 2.neglected küftükü vardur (ccuftuccu) ‘esser fama, corer uoce, pogłoska' 99 r. - cf.: güft-ü gû ‘talk, chatter; gossip, tittle-tattle; kül (ccul) ‘cenere’ 60 r. - cf.: kül ‘ashes’; ktimlek (ccumlecc) ‘camisa' 56 1. - cf.: gömlek ‘shirt’; kümür (ccumur) ‘carbone’ 56 1. - cf.: kömür ' I. charcoal. 2. coal’; küp (ccup) ‘olla di terra' 177 1. - cf.: küp ‘large earthenware jar’; küpe (ccupe) ‘pendente da orecca’ 189 1. - cf.: küpe ‘earring’; küpek (ccupek) ‘cane’ 53 I. - cf.: köpek ‘dog’; küpri (ccupri) ‘ponte’ 195 r. - cf.: köprü ‘bridge’; kürpe (ccurpe) ‘creatura picciola’ 72 r. - cf.: körpe ‘young, tender, fresh’; küstah (ccustah) ‘sfaciato, uedi suergognato’ 226 I. - cf.: küstah ‘insolent, imper­ tinent; shameless’; kütek çalmak (ccutecc ccialmak) ‘battere’ 41 1. - cf.: kötek çekmek ‘to give a beat­ ing’. kütülik (ccutulicc) ‘male, mala cosa’ 159 1. - cf.: kötülük ‘badness, bad action. Laden (laden) ‘mistura come cera rossa che odora’ 164 r. - cf.: lâden ‘labdanum, resin of cistus plants; laf itmek (laf itmece) ‘vantarsi falsarmte' 246 r. - cf.: lâf etmek ‘ 1. to gossip about. 2. to talk, to chat’; lağab (laghab) ‘sopra nome’ 231 I. - cf.: lâkap ‘ 1. nickname. 2. surname’; lağımcı (laghimgi) ‘minatore' 164 r. - cf.: lağımcı ‘ 1. sewerman. 2. sapper’; lağm ürmek (laghm urmek) ‘minare’ 164 r. - cf.: lağım ‘explosive mine’; lahane (lahane) ‘caulo’ 57 r. - cf.: lahana ‘cabbage’; lahm (İham) ‘came’ 53 r. - cf.: lâhm ‘meat, flesh'; Part II - Dictionary 101 lain (lhajin) ‘diabolico’ 84 r. - cf.: lain ‘1. accursed. 2. satan, the accursed’; lakırdı (lakirdi) ‘raggionamento’ 207 I. - cf.: lâkırdı ' 1. word. 2. talk’; laklak (laklak) ‘cicogno’ 63 r. - cf.: lâklâk ‘stork’; lai (lhal) ‘ rubino’ 215 I. - cf: lâ 'I ‘ruby, gamet’; lala (lala) ‘ajiod’un preneise’ 28 1. - cf: lâla ‘manservant assigned to the care of a child’; lanet ider (İhanet ider) ‘scomunicare, condanar’ Ila inferno’ - cf.: la'net etmek ‘to curse’; latif (latif) ‘bello’ 44 I. - cf. lâtif' 1. fine; charming; gracious’; latife (latife) ‘burla’ 51 1. - cf: latife ‘joke; jest’; layık (lajik) ‘meriteuola d’una cosa’ 162 r. - cf.: lâyık ‘worthy, suitable, fitting; lazal, lazalet (lazal, lazalet) ‘senza infortunio’ 224 I. - cf.: lâzale ‘may it never fail’; lazım dur (lazim dur) ‘e di bisogno’ 92 I. - cf: lâzım ‘necessary’; leğen (legen) ‘bacino da acqua’ 42 r. - cf.: leğen ‘large bowl, basin’; leke (lecce) ‘maccia sopra panno o altro’ 160 r. - cf.: leke ‘stain, spot of dirt’; leş (lesc) ‘cadauero’ 53 I. - cf.: leş ‘carcass’; leşker (lesccer) ‘esercito’ 98 I. - cf.: leşger ‘army, troops’; levend (leuned) ‘sghero, banditto’ 227 1. - cf.: levend ‘ I. free, independent; adven­ turer. 2. servant, labourer’; lezet (lezet) ‘dolcezza’ 86 I. - cf.: lezzet ‘taste, flavour’; lezet virmek (lezet uirmecc) ‘far dolce’ 104 r. - cf.: lezzet vermek ‘to give pleas­ ure; to give flavour'; lezetlii (lezetlu) ‘dolce’ 86 r. - cf.: lezzetli ‘tasty, delightful’; leziz (leziz) ‘dolcis:mo‘ 86 1 - cf.: leziz ‘delicious, relishing; libas (libas) ‘vestimento’ 249 r., libas (libas) ‘vesti’ 250 r. - cf.: Ubas ‘garment’; liman (liman) ‘porto’ 196 I. - cf.: liman ‘harbour, seaport’; limanlık (limanlik) ’bonaccia di mare’ 48 r. - cf.: limanlık ’1. place serving as a harbour. 2. calm (sea)’; liva (liua) ‘bandiera grande che portano li beghi’ 42 1. - cf.: liva ‘1. brigade; briga­ dier. 2. flag, banner, ensign’; livate ider (liuate ider) ‘buggirare’ 52 r. - cf.: livâta ‘sodomy, pederasty’; lodos (lodos) ’libeccio’ 269 r. - cf.: lodos ‘southwest wind’; lokma (lokma) ‘bocono’ 48 r. - cf.: lokma ‘mouthful, morsel'; lugat (lughat) ’vocabulario’ 257 r. - cf.: lügat ‘dictionary; word'; luti (luti) ’bugirone’ 52 r. - cf: luti ‘pederast’; Part 11-Dictionary 102 lutuf (lutuf) ‘fauore, gratia’ 101 r., lutuf (lutuf) ‘gratia, fauore, cortesia’ 121 I. cf.: /z7/z//'kindness, goodness, favour’. Maada (mhada) ‘olere di questo’ 177 1. - cf.: maada ‘besides, except’; mabaki (mabaki) ‘il restante, residero’ 131 r. - cf.: mabaki ‘that which remains, the remainder’; mabema (ma bema) ‘di mese in rnese' 84 r. - cf.: mabeyn ‘interval, intervening thing or space’; macun (magiun) ‘medicina’ 162 r. - cf.: macun ‘paste, putty'; maden (mhaden) ‘miniera’ 164 r. - cf.: maden ‘mine; mineral'; mademki (mademcci) ‘pur che’ 202 1. - cf.: mademki ‘while, since, as’; mağ (magh) ‘ciodo da cauallo’ 62 r. cf.: mdi ‘nail; peg’; mağalta, maglata (maghalta) ‘vantamento uano coglioneria’ 246 r. - cf.: mağlata ‘matter that leads one into error; fallacious argument, sophistry’; mağbul (maghbul) ‘cara cosa’ 57 r., mağbul (maghbul) ‘cosa galante, preciosa stemata’ 66 1., mağbul (maghbul) ‘pretiosa cosa’ 200 1. - cf.: makbul ‘accept­ ed; acceptable; liked; esteemed’; mağlub (maghlub) ‘vinto abatuto chi non puo osseruar la sua parola' 252 r. - cf.: mağlup ‘conquered, overcome, defeated’; mağrib (maghrib) ‘Occidente’ 269 r. - cf.: magrib ' 1. west. 2. sunset'; mağrur olmak (maghrur olmak) ‘esser superbo, altiero' 99 1. - cf.: mağrur olmak “to be proud, to be puffed up’; mahad (mahad) ‘osso, lumaga, ferro o altro cosa p[er] lisciare’ 180 1. - The word is not registered in other Turkish sources. mahasal-i kelam (mahasali ccelam) ‘inconclosione, in sustanza' 136 1. - cf.: mahasal ‘resült, yield’ + kelam ‘word, speech’; mahbub (mhabub) ‘leggiadro’ 146 r. - cf.: mahbub ‘beloved’; ma|h]bus (mabus) ‘priggioniero' 198 r. - cf: mahbus ‘imprisoned; prisoner’; mahdud (mhadud) ‘numerato’ 173 1. - cf.: mahdut ‘1. limited. 2. restricted"; Part (I-Dictionary 103 mahfi (mhafi) ‘secreto, nascosto’ 223 I. -cf.: mahfi ‘hidden, concealed; secret’; mahkeme (mhacceme) ‘tribunale del giudice’ 244 1. - cf.: mahkeme ‘court of jus­ tice’; mahluk (mhaluk) ‘creatura in uniuersale’ 72 r. - cf.: mahluk i 1. creature. 2. creat­ ed’; ma|h|mur (mamur) ‘imbriaco’ 132 r. - cf.: mahmur ‘1. sleepy. 2. heavy after a drunken sleep’; mahsul (mhassul) entrata, profitto’ 95 I. - cf.: mahsul ‘1. product, produce. 2. re­ sult’; mahsus (mhasus) ‘proprio p [er] una presona’ 200 r. - cf.: mahsus ‘special, prop­ er’; mahzul (mhazul) ‘priuo d’uffico’ 200 r. - cf.: mahzul ‘abandoned, left without aid; forsaken’; ma’işet (mhaiscet) ‘cibo’ 63 r. - cf.: maişet ' 1. maintenance; means of subsistence. 2. Ott. hist, food ration given to jurisprudents, religious teachers’; makas (makas) ‘forbice grandi’ 110 r. - cf.: makas ‘scissors; shears’; makbuz (makbuz) ‘confiscato’ 70 I. - cf.: makbuz ‘received, grasped’; makpere (makpere) 'fossa da morto’ 110 1. - cf.: makbere ‘burial place, cemetery; grave’; makrama (makrama) 'faccioletto’ 104 I. - cf.: makrama ‘handkerchief, napkin; maksud (maksud) ‘volonta’ 257 r. - cf.: maksud ‘intended, wished for’; makule (makule) 'cosi inquesto modo’ 65 I. - cf.: makule ‘kind, sort; category'; mal (mal) ‘richezza, faculta’ 2111. - cf.: mal 'property; wealth’; maldar (maldar) ‘rico’ 211 1. - cf.: maldar ‘rich, wealthy’; malik (malice) ‘signore bei’ 228 I. - cf.: malik ‘possessor, owner’; ma’lum (mhalum) ‘noto, publico’ 172 I. - cf.: malum ‘known’; mameleki (mamelecci) ‘robba, faculta’ 214 I. - cf.: mamelek 'all that one possess­ es; property; ma’mur (mhamur) 'esser abitato’ 99 1. - cf.: ma'mur ‘flourishing, prosperous; cultivated, inhabited; mana (mhana) 'modo, foggia’ 166 I. - cf.: ma’na 'meaning, significance, sense’; mangır (manghir) 'moneta di rame sedici p [er] un aspro' 166 I. - cf.: mangır ‘copper coin of a very small value’; mani (manih) ‘impedimento’ 132 r. - cf.: mani ‘obstacle, impediment’; mani itmek (manih itmece) 'impedire' 132 r. - cf.: mani olmak ‘to prevent, to hinder, to stop’; mansıb (mansib) 'cond[i]tione, grado’ 70 I. - cf.: mansib 'high office or rank, state office’; Part II - Dictionary 104 mantar (mantar) ‘fungho’ 110 I. - cf.: mantar ‘mushroom’; mar (mar) ‘serpenta" 224 r. - cf.: mar ‘snake, serpent"; marama - see: makrama\ maraz (maraz) ‘malatia nel stomaco’ 160 r. - cf.: maraz ‘disease, sickness’; marifet (mharifet) ‘perito chi sa tutto’ 189 I. - cf.: marifet ‘skill, talent; skilled trade’; marul (marul) ‘latuca, herba" 144 I. - cf.: marul ‘romaine lettuce, cos lettuce"; masal (masal) ‘naratione" 169 r. - cf.: masal ‘store', tale; fair) tale"; masalcı (masalgi) ‘naratore’ 169 r. - cf.: masalci ’storyteller"; mashara ider (mashara ider) ‘far buffonerie" 110 I. - cf.: mascara etmek ‘to make a laughing stock of; ma’sum (mhassum) ‘fanciulino" 101 I. - cf.: ma'sum ’1. innocent; guiltless. 2. little child’; maşrık (mascrik) ‘Leuante del sole’ 146 r., maşrık (mascrik) ’quattro parti del mondo oriente’ 269 r. - cf.: maşrık ’the place where the sun rises, the East, the Orient"; martad (martad) ‘chi uolta mantello" 62 r. - The word was not registered in other Turkish sources. matem (matem) ‘malinconico’ 159 I. - cf.: matem ‘mourning; sorrow, grief; mavi (maui) ‘azuro’ - cf.: mavi ‘blue’; maya (majia) ‘leuatore del pane’ 146 r. - cf.: maya ‘ferment, leaven; yeast’; mayi (maji) ‘acqua’ 268 I. - cf.: mayi ‘liquid, fluid"; maymun (majimun) ‘simia’ 229 r. - cf.: maymun ‘monkey’; mazerinde (mazerinde) ‘in anzi" 133 1. - This form seems to be obscure. mazmun (mazmun) ‘concetto, sententia’ 70 I. - cf.: mazmun ‘signification, mean­ ing, sense’; ma’zur tutmak (mazur tutmak) ‘accetare un presente" 23 I. - cf.: mazur tutmak ‘to excuse, to hold someone excusable’; mecal vermek (megial uermecc) ’dar forza’ 78 r., mecal virmek (megal uirmecc) ‘perdonare, condonare’ 189 r. - cf.: mecal' 1. power, strength. 2. possibility"; mecalsiz (megialsiz) ‘debile, inferme, senza forza’ 79 r. - cf.: mecalsiz ‘powerless, weak’; mecaz (megaz) ‘amor finto’ 31 1. - The meaning of this word in the Italian source is completely'different from the one known in Turkish sources, cf. mecaz ‘metaphor, figure of speech"; meclis (meglis) ‘compagina’ 70 r. - cf.: meclis ‘assembly, council’; mecmu (megmuh) ‘tutti" 245 r. - cf.: mecmu ‘the whole, all"; mecnun (megnun) ‘pazzo" 184 r. - cf.: mecnun ‘mad, insane’; Part II-Dictionary 105 mecruh (megrhu) ‘ferito’ 106 I. - cf.: mecruh ‘wounded’; medet (medet) ‘aiuto’ 28 1., medet (medet) ‘hoime, aiuto’ 127 1. - cf.: medet = meded ‘help, aid’; medh itmek (medh itmece) ‘esaltare, lodare’ 99 r., medh itmek (medh itmece) ‘far buon officio per uno’ 104 I. - cf.: methetmek 'to praise’; medrese (medrese) ‘scola publica’ 221 I. - cf.: medrese ‘Muslim theological school’; mealinde süylemek (mealinde sujilemek) ‘pralar âproposito’ 186 r. - cf.: meal ‘meaning, purport (of a sentence), content’ + söylemek ‘to speak’; mekam (mekam) ‘alloggiamente’ 30 r., mekam (mekam) ‘luogo da stare fermasi’ 149 1., mekam (mekam) ‘quartiero, aloggiameto’ 203 1. - cf.: mekân ‘place, site, residence’; mekân (meccian) ‘luogo da stare fermasi’ 149 1. - cf.: mekân ‘place, site, resi­ dence’; mekir itmek (meccir itmece) ‘amaliare’ 31 1. - cf. perhaps: mâkir ‘deceiver, cheat'; mektebhane (mecctebhane) ‘scola publica’ 221 I. - cf.: mektep ‘school’; mektub (mecctub) ‘letera’ 146 1. - cf.: mektup ’letter’; melek (melecc) ‘angelo’ 33 I. - cf.: melek ‘angel’ melemek (melemece)60 45 r. melul (melul) ‘malinconico’ 159 I., melul (melul) ‘mesto, malinconico’ 161 l.-cf.: melul ‘low-spirited, sad'; mel’un (melhun) ’maledotto’ 160 r. - cf.: mel un ‘cursed, damned’; member (member) "pergamo, pulpito’ 189 I. - cf.: mimber, minber ‘pulpit (in a mosque)’; memeleki (memelecci) ’faculta, uedi richezza’ 102 1. - cf. perhaps: mamelek ‘all that one possesses; property, estate; mem|h|ur (memur) ’sigilato, chiuso’ 228 I. - cf.: memhûr ‘sealed, signed with a seal’; memleket (memleccet) ‘paese reggione’ 185 r. - cf.: memleket ‘dominion, coun­ try’; men (men) ‘Io’ 141 1. - cf.: ben ‘I*; menber (menber) ‘pulpito pregamo’ 202 I. - cf.: minber ‘pulpit (in a mosque)'; menfe’at (menfehat) ‘guadagno, utile’ 123 I., menfeat (menfehat) ‘vtile guadagno profitto’ 261 r. - cf.: menfaat ‘use, advantage, profit’; 60 The Italian commentary is illegible. Part II - Dictionary 106 men itmek (menh itmece) ‘impediré, uietare, metter di mezza’ 132 1., men itmek (menh itmece) ‘metter di mezzo’ 162 r. - cf.: men'etmek ‘to forbid, to pre­ vent’; mensub (mensub) ‘vbidiente' 247 I. - cf.: mensub ‘related to, connected with, be­ longing to’; mensub olmak (mensub olmak) ‘vbidire' 247 1. - cf.: mensub-, menzil (menzil) ‘callo da posat’ 57 r., menzil (menzil) ‘distantia di lugo' 84 r. - cf.: menzil ‘halting-place, stage, day’s journey’; mercan (mergian) ‘coralo’ 70 r. - cf.: mercan ‘coral’; merdiven (merdiuen) ‘scala’ 221 I. - cf.: merdiven ‘ladder, steps’; merdud (merdud) ‘scacciato, bandito’ 221 I. - cf.: merdud ‘rejected, returned, cursed’; merdiim (merdum) ‘honorato’ 128 r., merdiim (merdum) nobile ben nato' 172 r., 178 1. - cf.: merdum ‘man, human being, person’; merem melem (merem melem) ‘impiastro’ 132 r. - cf.: melhem, merhem ‘oint­ ment, salve’; meremet ider (meremet ider) ‘ripezzare, ristorare’ 213 1. - cf.: meremmet = meramet ‘reparation, temporary repairs’; merhamet (merhamet) ‘pieta, compassione' 192 I. - cf.: merhamet ‘mercy, com­ passion, pity’; merifet (meriffet) ‘complito chi sa tutto’ 70 1. - cf. perhaps: marifet ‘skill, talent’; Merih (merich) ‘Marte’ 268 1. - cf.: Merih ‘the planet Mars’; merkum (merkum) ‘predetto, nominate’ 200 r. - cf: merkum ‘ 1. the said (person), the above-mentioned. 2. marked, written’; mertebe (mertebe) ‘conditione, state’ 67 I., mertebe (mertebe) ‘grado, conditione’ 121 I. - cf.: mertebe ‘renk, grade’; mesalih (mesalih) ‘facende negotji’ 104 r. - cf.: mesalih = masalih pl. of maslahat ‘business, affair’; mescid (mesccid) ‘tempio’ 240 1. - cf.: mescid ‘ 1. small mosque. 2. temple’; mesele (mesele) ‘interogatione, dimanda’ 136 I. - cf: mesele ‘problem; question; matter’; mesfur (mesfur) ‘predetto, nominate’ 200 r. - cf: mesfur ‘written, above- mentioned’; mesh itmek (meshi itmece) ‘fregare’ 112 r. - cf.: meshetmek ‘to wipe with the palm of the hand’; mesmu olmak (mesmuh olmak) ‘sentire, udire' 223 I., mesmu olmak (mesmuh olmak) ‘udire’ 248 I. - cf.: mesmu ‘ 1. heard; listened to, audible. 2. valid’; mesrur (mesrur) ‘contento, sadisfatto’ 68 r. - cf: mesrur ‘glad, joyful, happy’; Part II-Dictionary 107 mest (mest) ‘imbriaco’ 132 r. - cf.: mesti ‘intoxication, drunkenness’; mestane (mestane) ‘imbriaco’ 132 r. - cf.: mestane ‘drunken, intoxicated’; mestanelik (mestanelik) ‘imbriachezza’ 132 I. - cf.: mestanelik ‘drunkenness’; meşe (mesce) ‘baschetto di ogni sorte arboscelli’ 48 r. - cf.: meşe, ‘oak’; meşgul (mescghul) ‘diligente, atto, studioso’ 84 r. - cf.: meşgul ‘busy, occupied’; meş|h|ur (mescur) ‘famoso’ 102 r. - cf.: meşhur ‘famous, notorious’; meşin (mescin) pelle di castrato p[er] far scarpeti’ 189 1. - cf.: meşin ‘leather in general’; meşrud (mescrud) ‘obligato tenuto di far una cosa’ 174 1. - cf.: meşrut ‘bound by conditions, stipulated"; meşveret (mescueret) ‘consiglio, auertimento’ 68 r. - cf.: meşveret ‘1. consulta­ tion. 2. council"; meteriz (meteriz) ‘trinciera di terra’ 244 r. - cf.: metris ‘trench’; mevacib (meuagib) ‘paga, stipendio’ 185 1. - cf.: mevacib ‘salary; appropriations’; mevc (meug) ‘onda di mare’ 178 1. - cf.: mevc ‘wave, ripple’; mevcud (meugud) ‘pronto, preparato’ 200 1. - cf.: mevcud ‘ 1. existing. 2. present"; mevlana (meulana) ‘dotto" 86 r., mevlana (meulana) ‘sapiente, dottore’ 217 r. cf.: mevlana ‘title of respect applied to great religious personages and judges’; mevlayi (meulaji)61 ‘Iddio’ 129 I. - cf.: mevlâ i 1. God. 2. lord"; mevt (meut) ‘morte’ 165 I. - cf.: mevt ‘dying, death’; mevzi (meuzi) ‘sito, loco’ 228 I. - cf.: mevzi ‘place, locality, situation’; meyil ider (mejil ider) ‘affionarsi’ 26 1. - cf. perhaps: meyil ‘inclination, tenden­ cy’; meyit (mejit) ‘cadauero’ 53 I. - cf.: meyyit ’dead man, corpse’; meyve (mejiue) ‘frutti in generali" 112 1. - cf.: meyva, meyve ‘fruit’; mezar (mezar) ‘fossa da morto" 110 1., mezar (mezar) ‘sepolcura’ 224 r. - cf.: mezar ‘tomb, grave’; mezbele (mezbele) ‘lettame’ 145 I. - cf.: mezbele ‘refuse heap, dunghill'; mezbur (mezbur) ‘predetto, nominate’ 200 r. - cf.: mezbur ‘1. aforesaid, abovementioned. 2. recorded’; meze (meze) ‘viuanda...’62 251 I. - cf. probably: meze ‘appetizer, snack’; mez|h|eb (mezeb) ‘legge’ 145 1., mez[h]eb (mezeb) ‘religione’ 210 r., mez[h]eb (mezeb) ‘setta’ 224 I. - cf.: mezhep ‘religious opinion; religious sect"; 61 In some cases, the nouns seem to be presented not in the nominative but, as in this example, in the accusative form. 62 Part of the commentary is illegible. Part II - Dictionary 108 mezkur (mezkur) ‘predetto. nominate" 200 r. - cf.: mezkûr ‘mentioned, aforemen­ tioned; mezmun (mezmun) ‘argumento’ 36 1. - cf.: mazmun ‘signification, meaning, tenor, sense’; mig (migh) ‘ciodo da cauallo' 62 r. - cf.: mıh ‘nail; peg’; mığlamak (mighlamak) ‘ferar il cauallo' 106 I. - cf.: mıhlamak ‘to nail’; miknadis (miknadis) ‘camita’ 57 r. - cf.: mıknatıs ‘magnet, lodestone’; mikta (miktha) ‘ossetto da spaccar penne' 180 I. - cf.: mikia ‘cutting instrument’; miftah (miftah) chiaue’ 61 r. cf.: miftah ‘key, code’; mihrab (mhirab) ‘niecca della msochea, luogho uerso ¡1 leuar del sole kible’ 1711. - cf.: mihrap ‘niche of a mosque indicating the direction of Mecca’; miktar (miktar) ‘parte d’una cosa’ 186 r. - cf.: miktar ‘quantity, amount, measure’; milet (milet) ‘setta’ 224 I. - cf.: millet ‘1. nation, people, nationality. 2. religious community’; milk (milcc) ‘cosa propira' 70 1. - cf.: milk = mülk ‘possession, property’; mimar (mimar) ‘capo maestro di fabriaca' 57 r., mimar (mimar) ‘ingegniero’ 137 r. - cf.: mimar ‘architect"; mimat (mimat) ‘cosa necessaria che fa di bisogno' 71 r. - cf. perhaps: memat ‘death’; minbat (minbat) in nissim modo, mai’ 137 r., minbat (minbat) ‘mai‘ 151 I. - cf.: minba'd ‘hereafter, henceforth’; minet itmek (minet itmece) ‘pregare, suplicare’ 199 r. - cf.: minnet etmek ‘to ask for a favour’; mineval (mineual) ‘modo, forma’ 167 r. - cf.: minval ‘method, manner’; mir (mir) ‘vice Re beilerbei’ 252 r. - cf.: mir ‘chief, lord, leader’; miran (miran) vice Re beilerbei’ 252 r. - cf.: miran pl. of mir, misk (miscc) ‘musccio’ 168 r. - cf.: misk ‘musk’; mişe (misçe) ‘selva’ 224 I. - cf.: mişezar ‘an oak grove’; miye (mjie) ‘100’ 267 r. - cf.: mie ‘hundred’; mizac (mizag) ‘complessione del corpo' 70 I. - cf.: mizaç = mizaç ‘1. tempera­ ment, disposition. 2. mood. 3. state of health’; muacele (muhagele) ‘prontezza, dispositione’ 200 r. - This word is not registerd in other Turkish sources. muala (muhala) ‘altissimo, eccelso’ 30 r. - cf.: mualla ‘exalted, sublime’; muavenet ider (muhauenet ider) ‘dar aiuta' 78 r. - cf.: muavenet etmek ‘to help’; muazem (muhazem) ‘grande in autorita’ 121 r. - cf.: muazzam ‘greatly esteemed, respected; important"; Part II-Dictionary 109 muaziz (muhaziz) ‘honorando degno d’honore’ 127 I. - cf.: muazzez ‘exalted, glo­ rified; esteemed, honoured’; mubahga (mubaligha) ‘moltitudine’ 166 I. - cf.: mübalağa ‘an exaggeration’; mübarek (mubarecc) ‘felice’ 106 r. - cf.: mübarek ‘blessed, sacred, holy’; mudara (mudara) ‘simulatore’ 228 I. - cf.: müdara ‘dissembling, dissimulation’; muezin (muezin) ‘prete tuseo’ 198 r. - cf.: muezzin ‘one who calls Muslims to prayer’; muhafeze (muhafezze) ‘presidio guardia d'una terra’ 200 r. - cf.: muhafaza ‘pro­ tection; preservation’; muhal (muhal) ‘inremediabile, impassibile’ 136 I. - cf.: muhal ‘impossible, incon­ ceivable’; muhale (muhale) ‘contrada’ 70 r. - cf.: mahalle ‘street, quarter, district’; muhalifet itmek (muhalifet itmece) ‘recusare di far una cosa’ 210 r. - cf.: muhalefet etmek ‘to oppose’; muhamele (muhamele) ‘censo entrata di denari’ 60 r. - cf.: muamele ‘business, interest on money’; muhaneş (muhanesc) ‘ville, uedi infimo’ 251 r. - cf.: muhannes ‘1. effeminate. 2. vile, mean’; muharebe ider (muharebe ider) ‘far guerra’ 102 1. - cf.: muharebe ‘war, battle’; muhasebe (muhasebe) ‘conto’ 70 r. - cf.: muhasebe ‘accountancy, bookkeeping’; muhasib (muhasib) ‘contista’ 70 r. - cf.: muhasib ‘accountant, bookkeeper’; muhatad (muhatad) ‘costumato, usato’ 70 I. - see: muhattat ‘1. striped; ruled with lines. 2. striated. 3. drawn’; muhatal (muhatal) ‘andonato, derelito’ 22 r. - cf.: muattal ‘abandoned, deserted’; Muharem (Muharem) ‘Marzo’ 269 I. - cf.: Muharrem ‘name of the first month in the Arabic lunar calendar’; mu|h|azere (muazere) ‘assediatto’ 38 r. - cf.: muhasara ‘siege’; muhazere olmak (muhazere olmak) ‘esser assediato' 99 r. - cf.: muhasara etmek ‘to besiege’; muhkem (mhuccem) ‘teribilmente’ 240 1. - cf.: muhkem ‘firm, strong; sound; tight’; muhlis (mhulis) ‘puro, sincero’ 202 1., muhlis (mhulis) ‘sincere, puro, reale’ 228 1. - cf.: muhlis ‘sincere’; mu|h|tac olmak (mutag olmak) ‘esser necessario’ 99 r. - cf.: muhtaç olmak ‘to be in need of; muin (muhjin) ‘adiutore’ 25 1. - cf.: muin ‘one who helps, helper, auxiliary"; mukadem (mukadem) ‘giâ e un pezzo" 1 18 r. - cf.: mukaddem ‘1. in front, put forward. 2. previous, former"; 110 Part II - Dictionary mukayed olur (mukajied olur) ‘esser diligente' 99 I. - cf.: mukayyed olmak ‘1. to be bound, to be restricted. 2. to be registered. 3. to attend diligently’; mukır olmak (mukir olmak) ‘acordarsi, aconsentire’ 23 r. - cf. perhaps: mukir ‘one who confesses a fault'; mulla (mulla) ‘lettore di scole publicité" 146 I. - cf.: molla ‘theological student'; mum (mum) ’candela' 55 I. - cf.: mum ‘candle’; mumelat (mumelat) ‘catiuo’ 56 I. - cf.: milmil ‘something that makes one tired; annoying'; muntazır eder (muntazir ider) ‘aspettare’ 37 I. - cf.: muntazir ‘one who waits expectantly'; murad (murad) ‘volonta’ 257 r. - cf.: murad ‘wish, desire, intention’; murtad (murtad) ‘rinegato" 213 I. - cf.: murtad ‘apostate from Islam'; musafe (musafee) ‘fede data à uno, à mano, à mano’ 106 I. - perhaps cf.: musafaha ‘handshake'; musahib (musahib) ‘éloquente bel parlatore’ 94 r. - cf.: musahib ‘gentleman-inwaiting; companion’; musahibet ider (musahibet ider) ‘discorer, coneuersare' 84 r. - see: musahib', Mushaf (mushaf) ‘curano, libro santo’ 76 r. - cf.: Mushaf'the Quran’; mustecab itmek (mustegab itmece) ‘esandire’ 99 r. - cf. perhaps: milstecab ‘an­ swered, worthy of an answer’; muşafe (muscafe) ‘acoglienza’ 24 r. - cf. perhaps: müşafehe ‘conversing together’; müşavere (muscauere) ‘consiglio, auertimento’ 68 r. - cf.: müşavere ‘mutual con­ sultation, council"; muşe’ale (muscehale) ‘lumiera da notte' 149 1. - The word is difficult to identify; muşt|u|cı (musetgi) ‘anunciatore di buona noua’ 33 1. - cf.: müjdeci ‘messenger carrying joyful news’; muştuluk (muştuluk) ‘nuntiatura p[er] buona noua’ 173 1. - cf.: müjdelik ‘present given to a messenger who brings good tidings’; mut (mut) ‘misura di oz chileri' 164 r. - cf.: mut ‘a grain measure’; mut’a (mutha) ‘drappo di seta inuniuersale' 88 I. - This word is not registered in other Turkish sources. mutali olmak (mutalih olmak) ‘esser informato’ 99 I. - cf.: mutali ‘one who reads and studies’; mutası! (mutasil) ,‘cnotinuamte - [perhaps: continuamte - E.S.G]’ 70 r. - cf.: muttasıl ‘continuous, continually’; mu’teber (muhteber) ‘grato à tutti' 121 1. - cf. perhaps: muteber ‘held in consider­ ation; of good repute; esteemed, respected'; Part II-Dictionary 111 mutezaru itmek (mutezaru itmece) ‘pregare, suplicare’ 199 r. - cf.: mutazarri ‘humbled; suppliant; mu’tezil (mhutezil) 'incrédulo’ 137 r. - cf.: mu 'tezil ‘separatist, schismatic’; muti (mutih) ‘vbidiente’ 247 1. - cf.: muti 'obedient’; muti olur (mutih olur) ‘vbidire’ 247 1. - cf.: muti, muvace|h|a (muuagea) ‘presenza, aspetto’ 199 r. - cf.: muvacehe ‘being face to face, confrontation'; mübarek (mubarecc) ‘benedetto’ 44 1. - cf.: mübarek ‘blessed, holy’; mübaşeret (mubasceret) 'comiaciamento’ 70 r. - mübaşeret ‘ 1. setting about doing something; beginning. 2. having sexual intercourse’; mücelid (mugelid) ‘libraio’ 147 r. - cf.: milcellid 'bookbinder’; müderis (muderis) 'maestro di scola lettore’ 160 r. - cf.: müderris ‘university pro­ fessor’; müfetiş (mufetisc) ‘riueditore’ 213 I. - cf: müfettiş ‘one who examines, investi­ gates’; müfsid (mufsid) ‘maligno’ 160 r. - cf.: miifsid ‘disturber of the peace'; müft virmek (muft uirmecc) ‘dar gratis una cosa' 78 r. - cf.: müft 'without pay­ ment, gratis’; mü|h|im (muim) ‘necessario, apartenente’ 170 1. - cf.: mühim ‘important, urgent’; mü|h|mel adem (mumel adem) ‘homo catiuo’ 128 r. - cf.: mühmil ‘one who ne­ glects; careless, indifferent’; mü|h|ür (muur) ‘sigilo’ 228 1. - cf.: mühür ‘seal’; mü|hü|rlemek (murlemecc) ‘sigilare’ 228 1. - cf: mühürlemek ‘to seal, to stamp with a seal’; mükate’a (mukateha) 'constitutione’ 70 I. - cf. perhaps: mukaddeme '’rudiment, first principle; premise’; mülakat olmak (mülakat olmak) ‘conuenire, unirsi insieme’ 70 I. - cf.: mülakat 'meeting one another, audience'; mülayim (mulajim) ‘maile, piegheuole’ 166 I. - cf: mülayim ‘suitable, gentle; soft'; mülazimet itmek (mulazimet itmece) ‘corteggiare, far seruitu’ 70 I. - cf.: mülâzemet etmek ‘to serve as a novice or candidate for a post’; mültezim (miztelum)63 ‘affituario’ 26 I. - cf: mültezim "contractor or farmer of any branch of the public revenue’; mümkin (mumccin) ‘posibilita, potere’ 196 I. - cf: mümkün ‘possible’; 61 According to the Arabic notation the word is written as: mltzm, however, accord­ ing to the Roman alphabet transcription it is erroneously written as: miztelum Part 11-Dictionary 112 miinadi (munadi) ‘publicatro, proclamatore con la uoce’ 202 1. - cf.: miinadi ‘her­ ald, public crier’; miinare (munare) ‘toretta della cihesa’ 243 1. - cf.: minare ‘minaret’; miinasib (munasib) ‘conforme simile’ 70 I. - cf.: münasib ‘fit, suitable, proper’; miinecim (munegim) ‘astrologo’ 38 r. - cf.: müneccim ‘astronomer’; münkir (munccir) ‘negatore chi niega una cosa’ 170 I. - cf: münkir ‘one who de­ nies or disbelieves’; mürd (murd) ‘morte’ 165 I. - cf.: mürd ‘dead (said of animals)’; mürekkeb (murecceb) ‘inchiostro’ 136 I. - cf.: mürekkep ‘ink’; müresa (muresa) ‘guamito con giojie’ 124 r. - cf.: müressem ‘designed, decorated with designs or illustrations’; mürselin (murselin) ‘profeta’ 198 1. - cf.: pl. of mürsel ‘prophets, apostles’; mürvet (muruet) ‘humano, pio’ 128 I., mürvet (muruet) ‘pio humano’ 193 r. - cf.: mürvet = mürüvvet ‘munificence; generosity, blessing’; mürvetlü (muruetlu) ‘humano, pio' 128 1., mürvetlii (muruetlu) ‘pio humano’ 193 r. - cf.: mürüvvetti ‘generous, considerate’; müselim (muselim) ‘vilani pouerta asenti da ogni graueza’ 251 I. - cf. perhaps: müsellim ‘one who delivers anything to a person’; müstahik (mustahik) ‘degno’ 80 r., müstahik (mustahik) ‘meriteuola d’una cosa’ 162 r. - cf.: müstahik = müstahak ‘merited, due, one who merits’; müştekim (müştekim) ‘fidele’ 108 1. - cf: müştekim ‘straight; upright, honest’; müşeref olmak (musceref olmak) ‘ricrearsi, ristorarsi col ueder qualche cosa’ 213 1. - cf.: müşerref olmak ‘to be honoured, to feel honoured and proud’; müşeveş olur (musceuess olur) ‘esser dubioso’ 99 I. - cf.: müşevveş ‘confused, dubious (matter)’; müşkil (musccchil) ‘difficile’ 82 1. - cf: müşkül ‘difficult, hard’; müşrik (muscricc) ‘rinegato’ 213 I. - cf.: müşrik ‘polytheist; pagan’; müştak (musctak) ‘desideroso, cupido’ 80 r. - cf.: müştak ‘filled with desire’; müşterek (musterecc) ‘partecipe’ 186 r. - cf.: müşterek ‘1. common, shared by several. 2. cooperative’; müşteri (müşteri) ‘comprador’ 70 1., müşteri (muscteri) ‘gioue’ 268 1. - cf.: müşteri ‘customer, buyer’; müteber olur (muteber olur) ‘esser grato â tutti’ 99 I. - cf. perhaps: müteberri ‘free, clear, innocent’; müte’al (mutehal) ‘altissimo’ 29 r. - cf.: müte'al ‘transcendent; supreme, high (God)’; mütehayir (mutehajir) ‘pensoso’ 188 r. - cf: mütehayyir ‘amazed, bewildered'; mütehayir olur (mutehajir olur) ‘esser pensoso’ 99 r. - see: mütehayir ’; Part II - Dictionary 113 mütevasıl olmak (muteuasil olmak) ‘peruenire al fine d'una cosa’ 189 I. - cf. per­ haps: mütevasıl ‘joined together; connected with one another’; mütevefa (muteuefa) ‘morto’ 166 1. - cf: müteveffa ‘deceased, dead’; miiyesir (mujiesir) ‘fortuna di far una cosa’ 110 1. - cf.: müyessir ‘one who facili­ tates matters and so gives success’; miizeyen (muzejien) ‘omato’ 180 r. - cf.: müyezzen ‘embellished, decorated’. N Nacak (nagiak) ‘manaretta che portano li soldati â cauallo’ 160 r. - cf.: nacak ‘large axe with a hammer on the back’; naçar olmak (nacciar olmak) ‘esser senza rimedio' 99 1. - cf.: naçar ‘to be without remedy’; nadan (nadan) ‘ignorante, grossolana’ 137 r. - cf.: nadan ‘1. tactless, unmannerly. 2. ignorant’; nadazlamak (nadazlamak) ‘arare’ 36 r. - cf.: nadas etmek ‘to fallow and clean an arable field, to prepare for sowing in the following year’; nafe (nafe) ‘vmbilico’ 254 r. - cf.: «¿/‘navel’; nahiye (nahijie) ‘dominio, imperia’ 86 1. - cf: nahiye ‘1. administrative subdivi­ sion of the kaza; township. 2. district, region’; nakabil (nakabil) ‘ignorante, grossolana’ 137 r. - cf.: nâkabil ‘impossible, incapa­ ble’; nakad (nakad) ‘denari contanti’ 79 r. - cf. perhaps: nakdî ‘cash, in ready money’; nakas (nakas) ‘pittura dissegno, figura forma d’una cosa’ 193 r. - cf.: nakış ‘1. embroidery. 2. design; drawing; decoration’; nakis (nakiss) ‘scemo di manco’ 221 I. - cf.: nakis ‘defective, deficient'; nal (nhal) ‘ferro da cauallo’ 106 1. - cf.: nal ‘horseshoe’; nal çalmak (nal ccialmak) ‘ferar le babucc’ 106 I. - cf.: nal çakmak ‘to nail shoes on a horse, to shoe’; nalatmak (nalatmak) ‘ferar il cauallo’ 106 I. - cf.: nallamak ‘to shoe (a horse)'; nalbe|n|d (nalbed) ‘maniscalco’ 160 r. - cf.: nalband, nalbant ‘blacksmith’; 114 Part II-Dictionary nalça (nhalcca) ‘ferro da babuccia' 106 I. - cf.: nalça ‘iron tip on a boot’; nalın (nhalin) ‘cospelli da donna’ 71 r. - cf.: nalın ‘pattens, clogs’; nam (nam) ‘nome’ 172 r. - cf.: nam ‘name, title’; nam’alum (namhalum) ‘incognito, ingnoto che non si sa’ 137 r. - cf.: nama'lûm ‘unknown’; namaz (namaz) ‘oratione’ 180 1. - cf.: namaz ‘ritual worship, prayer’; namaz evset (namaz euset) ‘oratione del mezzo di' 268 r. - see: namaz-, namaz huften (namaz huften) ‘oratione del dormire’ 268 r. - see: namaz-, namaz kılmak (namaz kilmak) ‘far oratione’ 104 1. - cf.: namaz kılmak ‘to per­ form ritual prayers of Islam’; namaz pişin (namaz piscine) ‘oratione della matina’ 268 r. - cf.: namazı pişin ‘noon service’; name (name) ‘letera’ 146 1. — cf.: name ‘letter’; namlı (namli) ‘arma rozza imperfetta’ 36 1. - cf.: namlı ‘blade (of a sword)'; namurad (namurad) ‘senza efetto non secondo la uolenta’ 224 I. - cf.: namurad ‘one whose wishes are not gratified; disappointed'; 1. nar (nar) ‘foco’ 268 1. - cf.: nar ‘fire’; 2. nar (nar) ‘porno granato’ 196 1. - cf.: nar ‘pomegranate’; nardenk (nardencc) ‘beuanda di granate agra’ 45 r. - cf.: nardenk ‘syrup made with pomegranate or damson juice’; narğ (nargh) ‘prezzo’ 198 r. - cf.: narh ‘officially fixed price’; narin (narin) ‘ranciato, colore’ 207 I. - cf. perhaps: narin ‘slender, slim, delicate’; nas (nass) ‘homo’ 127 r. - cf.: nâs ‘people, men, mankind’; nasıl (nassil) ‘come, in che modo, maniera’ 71 r. - cf.: nasıl ‘how, what sort’; naslı (naslji) ‘genelogia’ 116 I. - cf.: nesil ‘1. generation, descendants. 2. family’; nasib (nassib) ‘fortuna, destino’ 110 r. - cf.: nasib ‘lot, share, portion; one’s lot in life’; nasihat (nassihat) ‘auertimento, consiglia' 39 1. - cf.: nasihat ‘advice, counsel"; natuvan (natuuan) ‘decrepito’ 80 r. - cf.: natuvan ‘weak, not strong’; nazır (nazir) ‘datiaro’ 77 r., nazır (nazir) ‘riueditore sopra il daciaro’ 213 I. - cf.: nazır ‘ 1. one who watches, spectator. 2 . overlooking, facing’; nazır olmak (nazir olmak) ‘mirare star â uedere’ 164 r. - cf.: nazır, nazik (nazicc), nazinin (nazinin) ‘delicato, gentile’ 79 I. - cf.: nazik ‘delicate, ele­ gant’; nazlanmak (nazlanmak) ‘esser schiffo' 99 1. - cf.: nazlanmak ‘to show contempt or disdain; to behave in an affected manner’; naziiklik (nazucclicc) ‘delicatezza’ 80 r. - cf.: naziklik ‘delicacy, courtesy’; Part II - Dictionary 115 ne gerek (ne gerece) ‘ehe importa ehe bîsogna’ 62 r. - cf.: gerek ‘necessary, need­ ed’; ne zeman (ne zeman) â chi tempo’ 24 r. - cf.: ne zaman ‘when, at what time?’; nebat (nebat) ‘zucaro candido’ 264 r. - cf.: nebat ‘ 1. plant. 2. vegatation’; necar (negar) ‘muratoro’64 168 r. - cf.: neccar ‘carpenter’; necaset (negiaset) ‘merda’ 161 r. - cf.: necaset ‘excrement’; necat (negat) ‘liberta’ 147 r. - cf.: necat ‘salvation; safety’; necis (negiss) ‘merda’ 161 r. - cf.: necis ‘dirty, filthy’; necislemek (negislemek) ‘cagare’ 54 I. - cf.: necis ‘dirty, filthy’; neçe (necce) ‘per che’ 190 r. - cf: nece = nice ‘how’; nedim (nedim) ‘buffone’ 52 r. - cf: nedim '1. boon companion, intimate friend. 2. courtier, court buffoon’; nedimlik (nedimlicc) ‘buffoneria’ 52 r. - cf.: abstr. noun of nedim', nefayis (nefajis) ‘cibo delicati’ 63 r. - cf.: nefais ‘pl. of nefise ‘an exquisite or beautiful object’; nefer (nefer) ‘persona di guerra’ 190 r. - cf: nefer 1. a single individual. 2. private soldier'; nefes (nefes) ‘fıato’ 108 I. - cf: nefes ‘breath’; nefiram (nefiram) ’cruciata’ 72 I. - cf: nefır-iâm ‘mass mobilization, expedition’; nefsi (nefsi) ‘proprio, steso’ 200 I. - cf: nefis = nefs ‘self, one’s own personality’; nefti (nefti) ‘verde scuro’ 250 r. - cf: nefti ‘a dark brownish-green color'; ne|h|ar (near) ‘giomo’ 119 I. - cf.: nehar ‘day, daytime’; ne|h|b (neb) ‘depredatione, saco’ 80 r. - cf.: nehb ‘seizing as spoil; taking spoil; spoil'; ne|h|r (neer) ‘flume’ 108 I. - cf.: nehr = nehir ‘river’; nekadar (nekadar) ‘quanto e’ 204 r. - cf.: ne kadar ‘how much?, so much’; nemdiir (nemdur) ‘non e mio, non apartiene â me’ 172 I. - cf. perhaps: contamina­ tion of ne ‘neither...nor’ and benim ‘mine, my’ and dur/dir ‘is, is indeed’; nemlak (nemlacc) ‘humido’ 128 I. - cf.: nemlilik ‘moistness, dampness’; neniig kibi (nenugnkibi) ‘come, in che modo, maniera’ 71 r. - cf.: ne gibi ‘what sort’; nerdiiban (nerduban) ‘scala’ 221 I. - cf.: nerdüban = merdiven ‘stairs, steps'; nereye (nerejie) ‘doue’ 85 I. - cf.: nereye ‘to what place’; nesne (nesne) ‘cosa alcuna’ 71 r. - cf.: nesne ‘thing, anything’; 64 fhe meaning given by the author (‘muratoro') denotes the profession of a brick­ layer and the word necar (in the correct spelling neccar) actually means ’carpenter'. Part 11-Dictionary 116 neşter (nescter) ‘lancetta da cauar sangue’ 144 1. - cf.: neşter ‘lancet’; nev (neu) ‘nouo’ 172 r. - cf.: nev ‘new, fresh, young’; nevruz gün (neuruz giun) ‘primo giorno di prima uera’ 200 I. - cf.: Nevruz ‘the Persian New Year’s Day (March 22)’; neye (nejie) ‘per che’ 190 r. - cf.: niye ‘why, what for’; nezaket (nezaccet) ‘astutia’ 38 r. - cf.: nezaket ‘delicacy, politeness, good bread­ ing'; nezir etmek (nezir itmece) ‘far uoto a Dio" 101 r. - cf.: nezir ‘vowing or devoting oneself to?'; nezle (nezle) ‘discesa di testa' 84 r. - cf.: nezle ‘cold in the head"; nısab (nissab) ‘grado, conditione" 121 1. - cf.: nisab ‘the minimum income above which the Muslim tax of zekât becomes an obligatory payment'; msf (nissf) ‘mezo’ 161 r. - cf.: msz/'half; ni der (ni der) ‘che fâ che dice’ 62 r. - cf.: ne ‘what' + aorist form 3rd sg. der ‘he/she says’; nice (nige) ‘come' 66 r. - cf.: nice ‘how; in what manner, degree’; nicegez (niece ges) ‘alquante uolte’ 30 r. - cf.: nice kez ‘how' many times'; niçün (nicciun) ‘per che, propterea" 189 1. - cf.: niçin ‘why’; nida eylemek (nida eilemecc) ‘gridare altarmte come un bando’ 121 I. - cf.: nida etmek ‘to shout, to proclaim’; nihayet yok (niajiet jiok) ‘senza fine' 224 1. - cf.: nihayetsiz ‘endless’; nikab (nikab) ‘reticello che portano le Done dinanzi al uiso’ 210 r. - cf.: nikab ‘veil with two holes for the eyes, veil’; ni’met (nhimet) ‘cibo’ 63 r. - cf.: ni'met ‘1. blessing, favour. 2. food (especially bread)'; nispet (nispet) ‘dispetto’ 84 I. - cf.: nispet, nisbet ‘spite, spiteful or defiant act'; nispet ider (nispet ider) ‘far dispetto' 104 I. - cf.: nisbet etmek ‘to act spitefully’; nişan eyler (nissan ejiler) ‘notare, segnare’ 172 1. - cf.: nişan koymak ‘to make a mark’; nişanlamak (niscanlamak) ‘notare, segnare" 172 1. - cf: nişanlamak ‘to mark’; nişaste (niscaste) ‘salda che si da â colari’ 217 r. - cf.: nişasta ‘starch’; niyet itmek (njiet itmece) ‘deliberare’ 80 r. - cf.: niyet etmek ‘to resolve’; nokra (nokra) ‘denari contanti’ 79 r. - cf.: nukre ‘ingot of silver’ (HTED 271); nukra ‘lump of smelted gold or silver’ (YRh 892); nokta (nokta) ‘punto’ 202 1. - cf.: nokta ‘point, dot’; noş |nuş itmek (nose itmece) ‘beuere’ 44 1. - cf.: nûş etmek ‘to drink, to carouse’; nubi (nubi) ‘profeta" 198 I. - cf.: nebi ‘prophet’; Part II-Dictionary 117 nuhuset (nuhuset) ‘disgratia, infortunio; 84 r., nuhuset (nuhusset) ‘infortunio’ 136 1. - cf.: nuhuset ‘being unlucky, inauspicious’; nurude (nurude) ‘ 19’ 266 r. - cf.: nüh ‘nine’ + deh ‘ten'; nusret (nussret) ‘ocasione bona di far una cosa’ 175 r. - cf.: nusret ‘ 1. victory. 2. help, especially God’s help (in battle)’; nusret virmek (nusret uirmecc) ‘dar aiuta’ 78 r. - cf.: nusret', niibiivet (nubuuet) ‘proffetia’ 200 1. - cf.: nübüvvet ‘prophethood, prophetic mis­ sion'; nii| h I (nu) ‘9’ 265 1. - cf.: nüh ‘nine’; niiziil (nuzul) ‘vitouaglia’ 252 r. - perhaps cf.: nüzül ‘provisions, especially provi­ sions for a march or journey’. Obir (obir) Taltro’ 143 I. - cf.: öbür ‘the other’; obirisi (obirisi) Taltro’ 143 1. - cf.: öbürü ‘the other one, that one’; ocak (ogiak) ‘focolare’ 109 1. - cf.: ocak ‘furnace, fireplace’; od (od) Toco’ 109 1. - cf.: o<7‘fire’; oda (oda) ‘camera’ 53 r. - cf.: oda ‘room’; odun (odun) ‘legna’ 145 1. - cf.: odun ‘firewood; log’; odunç (oduncc) ‘prestito’ 198 1. - cf.: ödünç ‘loan’; oğlak (oghlak) ‘capreto’ 53 1. - cf.: oğlak ‘kid’; oğlak takım yıldızı ‘the constella­ tion of Capricorn’; oğlı, oğlu (oghli, oghlu) ‘figlioulo’ 107 I. - cf.: oğul ‘son’; ok (ok) ‘frizza’65 112 r. - cf.: ok ‘arrow’; okşamak (okscamak) ‘tocare con mano’ 243 1. - cf.: okşamak ‘to caress with the hand, to stroke’; okumak (okumak) ‘leggere’ 145 I. - cf.: okumak ‘to read’; 65 [here is a mistake in the Italian explanation. Instead offrizza it should be freccia "arrow’. Part II - Dictionary 118 okutmak (okutmak) insegnare’ 133 r. - cf.: okutmak ‘to instruct, to educate"; ol (ol) ‘quello’ 204 I. - cf.: ol ‘that’; olmak, olunmak (olmak, olunmak) ‘esser 97 r. - cf.: olmak ‘to be, to become, to happen’; olsun (olssun) ‘volontieri’ 256 1. - cf: olsun ‘let it be"; on (on)‘farina’ 101 I. - cf.: un ‘flour’; on altı (on alti) ‘ 16’ 266 r. - cf.: on altı ‘sixteen’; on beş (on besc) ‘15’ 266 r. - cf.: on beş ‘fifteen’; on big (on bign) ‘ 10000’ 267 r. - cf.: on bin ‘ten thousand'; on dokuz (on dokus) ‘ 19’ 266 r. - cf.: on dokuz ‘nineteen’; on dört (on dort) ‘14’ 266 r. - cf.: on dört ‘fourteen’; on sekiz (on seccis) ‘ 18’ 266 r. - cf.: on sekiz ‘eighteen’; on üç (on ucc) ‘13’ 266 r. - cf.: on iiç ‘thirteen’; on yedi (onjiedi) ‘17’ 266 r. - cf.: on yedi ‘seventeen’; oga (onga) ‘a quello’ 34 I. - cf.: ona Dat. of o/ol' 1. that. 2. he, she, it’; ogarmak (ognarmak) ‘far compitamte’ 101 1. - cf.: onarmak ‘repair; put in order’; onbir (onbir) ‘ 11’ 265 I. - cf.: on bir ‘eleven’; oniki (onicci) ‘12’ 265 1. - cf.: on iki ‘twelve’; ogun kibi (onung cchibi) ‘come quello’ 65 I. - cf: onun gibi "such as’; onuncisi (onungisi) ‘decimo’ 265 r. - cf: onuncu ‘tenth’; orada (orada) ‘la’ 143 I., orada (orada) ‘qua’ 203 1. - cf.: orada ‘there’; orak (orak) ‘falce da segar' 101 I. - cf.: orak ‘sickle, reaping hook’; oraya (orajia) ‘qua’ 203 I. - cf: oraya ‘to that place, there’; ordi (ordi) ‘mercanti del campo' 161 r. - cf.: ordu ‘army; camp’; orta (orta) ‘in mezzo’ 133 r. - cf.: orta ‘middle, centre’; orta yaşlu (otra jiasclu) ‘huomo di meza eta’ 128 1. - cf.: orta yaşlı ‘middle-aged’; ortak (ortak) ‘compagno in una cosa' 65 I. - cf.: ortak "partner, associate’; ortalık (ortalik) ‘mediocre’ 161 r. - cf.: ortalık ‘1. the world around. 2. the face of nature. 3. people, the public’; ortasinde (ortassinde) ‘in mezzo' 133 r. - cf: ortasında Loc. of orta ‘middle, cen­ tre’; oruc (orug) ‘digiuno’ 81 1. - cf.: oruç ' 1. fasting, fast. 2. abstinence’; osurmek (osurmecc) ‘scareggiare’ 219 1. - cf.: osurmak ‘to break wind’; otak (otak) ‘padiglione’ 184 r., otak (otak) ‘tenda padiglione’ 240 1. - cf.: otak ‘large and luxurious tent, pavilion’; Part II-Dictionary 119 otlamak (otlamak) ‘auenezare’ 39 L, otlamak (otlamak) ’far herba’ 101 r. - cf.: otlamak ‘to graze, to be out to pasture’; otluk (otluk) ’fıeno’ 107 I. - cf.: otluk ‘1. pasture. 2. place for grass, herbs or hay’; oturmak (uturmak) ‘sedere’ 223 r. - cf.: oturmak ‘to sit, to sit down’; otuz (otus) ‘30’ 266 1. - cf.: otuz ‘thirty'; otuzincisi (otusingisi) ‘trigésimo’ 265 r. - cf.: otuzuncu ‘thirtieth’; ova (oua) ‘campagna’ 53 1. - cf.: ova ‘ 1. grassy plain. 2. meadow’ ovmak (oumak) ’fregare’ 112 r. - cf: ovmak = oğalamak ‘rub and press with the hand’; oyalamak (ojialamak) ‘tratenere durparole’ 244 r. - cf.: oyalamak ‘to put someone off to gain time; to distract someone’s attention’; oynamak (ojinamak) ‘giocare’ 118 r. - cf.: oynamak ‘to play’; oyun (ojiun) ‘gioco’ 118 r.-cf.: oyun ‘game; play’. ♦ ♦ Öbirgün (obirgiun) ‘doman I’altro" 85 1. — cf.: öbür gün ‘the day after tomorrow’; öküz (occus) ‘buc’ 51 I. - cf: öküz ‘ox’; öte, ötesinde (ote, ötesinde) ‘dila’ 81 I. - cf: öte ‘the further side; that which is on the further side?'; öteyi gün (oteji giun) ‘hieri’ 126 I. - cf.: öte gün ‘a few days ago’; ötüri (oturi) ’caggione, rispeto’ 53 r. - cf: ötürü (with Abl.) ’by reason of, because of. Part 11 - Dictionary 120 p Paçarız (pacciaris) ‘difficoltta’ 82 r. - cf.: paçarız ‘crosswise; intricate’; padişa|h| (padissa) ‘re‘ 208 1. - cf.: padişah ‘sovereign, ruler'; pahil (pajil) ‘avido’ 39 1. - cf.: pahil ‘stingy’, uncharitable'; pak ider (pace ider) ‘polire’ 194 I. - cf.: pak ‘clean, pure’; pambuk (pambuk) ‘bambace’ 41 1. - cf.: pamuk (prov. pambuk, panbuk) ‘cotton'; papas (papas) ‘prete Cristiano’ 198 1. - cf.: papas = papaz ‘priest; monk'; pare (pare) ‘pezza’ 187 r. - cf.: pare ‘piece, portion, part'; parlenmek (parlenmek) ‘rompere in pezzi’ 214 r. - cf.: pare ‘piece, portion, part’; pas (pass) ‘rugine’ 215 1. - cf.: pas ‘rust’; paslanmak (passlanmak) ‘ruginirsi’ 215 1. - cf.: paslanmak ‘to become rusty'; paşmak (pasemak) ‘pianella da donna’ 191 I. - cf. perhaps: başmak', payı itmek (paji itmece) ‘diuidere, spartire â ciascuno la sua portione’ 82 r. - cf.: pay etmek ‘to share out, to divide’; payidar olmak (pajidar olmak) ‘resistere, durare’ 208 1. - cf.: payidar olmak ‘to be everlasting or permanent’; payimal itmek (pajimal itmece) ‘metter in ruina in conguasso’ 161 r. - cf. payimal ‘opressed, destroyed": peder (peder) ‘padre’ 184 r. - cf.: peder ‘father"; pedvere (peduere) ‘sindola p[er] il tetto" 228 r. - cf.: pedavra ‘shingle’; pe|h]a (pea) ‘renzzone di priggioniero’ 208 1. - This word is difficult to identify, pehali (peali) ‘caro’ 54 r. - cf.: pahalı ‘expensive’; pe|h|liivan (peluuan) ‘schirmiatore’ 219 1. - cf: pehlivan ‘1. wrestler. 2. champi­ on, valour; peksimet (peccsimet) ‘biscotto’ 45 I. - cf.: peksimet ‘hard biscuit'; pembe (pembe) ‘bambace’ 41 1. - cf.: pembe ‘pink, rose-coloured’; penan olur (penan olur) ‘esser ascosto' 97 r. It is difficult to ascertain what could be the equivalence of the form penan olur, penayir (penajir) ‘fiera di mercanti' 107 1. - cf.: panayır ‘fair, market"; penc (peng) ‘5’ 265 I. - cf.: penc ‘five’; penca|h| (penga) ‘50" 266 1. - cf.: pencah ‘fifty’; Part II - Dictionary 121 pencere (penger) ‘fınestra’ 107 1. -cf.: pencere ‘window’; pencilamak (pengilamak) ‘chiapar con piena mano’ 61 r. - cf.: pençelemek ‘to grasp, to seize’; pencşenbi (pengscenbi) ‘Giouedi’ 267 I. - cf.: pencşembih = Perşembe ‘Thurs­ day’; perakende olmak (paraccende olmak) ’82 r., perakende olmak (peraccende olmak) ‘lack of meaning’ 218 1. - cf.: perakende ‘dispersed, scattered’; pergel (pergiel) ‘compasso’ 66 r. - cf.: pergel ‘pair of compasses’; peri (peri) ‘foletto, inuisibile alato’ 109 I. - cf.: peri ‘fairy, good djinn’; perişan olmak (periscan olmak) ‘confondersi’ 66 r.; perişan olmak (periscan olmak) ‘sbaratarsi, disperdersi’ 218 I. - cf.: perişan olmak ‘to be scattered, routed; to be in a state of misery or ruin’; perkişmek (percciscmecc) ‘ristringer in sieme grandermte coligare’ 212 r. - cf.: perkişmek = perkitmek', perkitmek (perccitmecc) ’fortificare’ 109 I. - cf.: perkitmek ‘1. to strengthen. 2. to fortify’; pervane (peruane) ‘parpaiola di primavera’ 184 r. - cf.: pervane ‘1. moth. 2. fly­ wheel'; pervaz olmak (peruaz olmak) ‘volare’ 256 1. - cf.: pervaz ‘flight; flying’; perverdigâr (peruerdigiar) ‘nurtitore, mantenitor del mondo’ perverdegâr ‘protector, nourisher; God’; 173 1. - cf.: peşenbi (pescenbi) ‘Giouedi’ 267 I. - cf.: Perşembe ’Thursday’; peşin (pescin) ‘denari contanti’ 79 r. - cf.: peşin ‘paid in advance, ready (money)’; peşkeş (pescchesc) ‘presente, dono’ 198 r. - cf.: peşkeş ‘gift or offering brought to superior’; peşkir (pesckir) ‘drappo da mani’ 88 I. - cf: peşkir ‘table napkin, napkin’; peşman olmak ( pescman olmak) ‘pentirsi d’un pocato’ 187 r. - cf.: pişman olmak ‘to repent’; peşneham (pesc neham) ‘cosi e’ 66 r. - The word is not registered in other Turkish sources. peygamber (pejighamber) ‘profeta’ 198 I. - cf.: peygamber ‘prophet’; peyider olmak (pejider olmak) ‘durare, resistere’ 89 1. - cf.: payidar olmak ‘to be everlasting or permanent’; pey|n|ir (pejir) ‘formaggio fresco’ 109 I. - cf.: peynir ‘cheese’; peymane (pejimane) ‘conuentione, patto’ 66 I. - cf.: peyman ‘1. oath; promise. 2. agreement, treaty'; pezer (pezer) ‘padre' 184 r. - cf: peder ’father'; piliç (pilice) ‘polastro’ 195 r. - cf: piliç ‘young chicken'; Part 11-Dictionary 122 pir (pjir) ‘vechio' 249 r. - cf.: pir ‘old man; old'; pire (pire) ‘pulci’ 202 r. - cf.: pire ‘flea"; pirezen (pirezzen) ‘vechia’ 249 I. - cf.: pirezen = pirzen ‘old woman'; pirinç (pirince) ‘riso’ 211 1. - cf.: pirinç ‘rice’; pişmek (piscmecc) ‘cucinare, cuocere’ 75 I. - cf.: pişmek ‘to be cooked or baked'; pişürmek (piscurmecc) ‘cucinare, cuocere’ 75 1. - cf.: pişirmek ‘to cook, to bake'; piyade (pjiade) ‘pedone" 187 I. - cf.: piyade ‘pedestrian'; podrum (podrum) ‘cantina’ 54 r. - cf.: bodrum ‘dungeon, subterranean vault; cel­ lar’; postal (postal) ‘scarpe da gianizzeri’ 221 r. - cf.: postal ‘heavy army shoe’; pur olmak (pur olmak) ‘pieno, esser pieno’ 191 1. - cf.: pür ‘full, filled’; purciid (purgiud) ‘complito pieno di gratia’ 66 r. - cf.: pür ‘full of + ? puryarak (purjiarak) ‘armato’ 36 r. - cf: pür ‘full of + yarak ‘arms, armour’; pust (pust) ‘bardassone, barbato' 41 1. - cf. perhaps: puşt ‘catamite’; puşt (puset) ‘schiena’ 219 1. - cf.: puşt ‘back; outside'; put (put) ‘Idolo' 129 1. - cf.: put ‘idol, god’; putgâ|h| (putgia) ‘chiesa, luogo degl Idoli" 61 r. - cf.: puthane ‘place of pagan worship’; puthane (puthane) ‘chiesa, luogo degl Idoli’ 61 r. - cf.: puthane ‘place of pagan worship’; putperest (putperest) ‘Idolatria' 129 I. - cf.: putperest ‘idolator, pagan’; puyraz (pujiraz) ‘Greco’ 269 r. cf.: poyraz ‘northeast wind, northeast point of the compass’; püşkür (pussccur) ‘sbruffo’ 218 1. - cf: püşkürmek ‘to spit; to spray (liquid)’; püşkürmek (pussccurmecc) ‘sbruffare’ 218 I. - cf: püşkürmek ‘to spit; to spray (liquid)’; piizevenk (puzeuencc) ‘ruffiano’ 215 1. - cf: pezevenk ‘pimp, procurer’. Part II - Dictionary 123 R Rabbi (rabbi) ‘mio Dio, Dio’ 163 I. - cf.: Rabbi ‘my God’; raf (raf) ‘scaffa, scantia’ 220 r. - cf.: ra/‘shelf; rağbet (raghbet) ‘honore, acoglienza’ 127 r. - cf.: rağbet ‘desire, inclination’; rağbetlü (raghbetlu) ‘honorando degno d’honore’ 127 1. - cf.: rağbetlû ‘esteemed, estimable’; ragim (ragim) ‘diauolo’ 81 1. - The explanation given in Italian seems to be erro­ neous since the word ragim sounds similar to rahim which means ‘merciful, compassionate’; rahim (rhajim) ‘pietoso’ 192 1. - cf.: rahim ‘merciful, compassionate’; rahmetul|l|a|h| (rhamet ula) ‘Iddio ne habbi pieta’ 129 I. - cf.: rahmetullah ‘God’s compassion and mercy’; raht (rhat)66 ‘fomimente da cauallo ö d’altra cosa’ 110 r. - cf.: raht ‘ 1. luggage. 2. harness; trappings of a horse’; rakabe (rakabe) ‘collo’ 66 I. - cf.: rakabe ‘neck’; rakam (rakam) ‘numero’ 173 I. - cf.: rakam ‘figure, numeral’; rakı (raki) ‘acqua uita' 23 r. - cf.: rakı ‘raki, arrack’; ramazan mübarek (ramazan mubarecc) ’Nouembro’ 269 1. - cf.: Ramazan ‘the ninth month of the Arabic calendar’; rana (rana) ‘bello’ 44 1. - cf.: rana ‘beautiful, pretty’; rast gelmek (rast gelmece) ’incontrarsi con uno’ 135 r., rast gelmek (rast gelmece) ‘riuscir una cosa’ 212 I. - cf.: rastgelmek ‘to encounter; to meet by chance’; ravi (raui) ‘autore’ 40 r., ravi (raui) ‘historico, autore in generale’ 126 1. - cf.: ravi ‘narrator’; rayi (raji) ‘pensiero’ 187 r., rayi (raji) ‘prudenza’ 199 I. - cf.: ray = rey ‘opinion, judgement’; rayiha, rayihe (rajiha, rajihe) ‘odore’ 175 I. - cf: rayiha ‘fragrance, aroma, scent’; raz (raz) ‘secreto, nascosto’ 223 1. - cf.: raz ‘secret, mystery’; razı AIla|h| (razi allauuu) ‘Iddio sia contento’ 129 1. - cf.: Allah razı olsun ‘may God be pleased’; 66 Like in some aforementioned cases, the letters are also transposed in this word. In­ stead of raht there is rhat. Part II - Dictionary 124 razı olmak (razi olmak) ‘contentarsi, aconsentire' 68 I. - of.: razı olmak ‘to be willing; to be pleased'; reaya (riajia) ‘vilano’ 251 r. - cf.: reaya ‘the tax-paying subjects - non-Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire'; rebani (rebani) ‘Iddio’ 129 I. - cf.: rabbani ‘divine, godly’; Rebiilahir (rebiul hahir) ‘Giugno" 269 I. - cf.: Rebiilahir ‘the fourth month of the Arabic calendar'; Rebiilevel (rebihuleuel) ‘Maggio’ 269 I. - cf.: Rebiiilevvel ’the third month of the Arabic calendar’; reca itmek (regia itmece) ‘dimandar gratia per uno’ 83 r. - cf.: rica etmek ‘to re­ quest'; Receb (regeb) ‘Settembro’ 269 1. - cf.: Receb ‘the seventh month of the Arabic calendar’; recul (regul) ‘homo’ 127 r. - cf.: reciil ‘full-grown man, male’; red (red) ‘bando’ 42 r. - cf.: red ‘repelling or rejecting’; red itmek (red itmece) ‘bandire’ 42 r. - cf.: redetmek ‘to reject, to repel; to return an answer’; ref olunmak (refh olunmak) ‘partirsf 185 r. - cf. perhaps: reft ‘raising, lifting, elevating’; re|h|a olmak (rea olmak) ‘liberarsi da se stesso’ 147 r. - cf. rehai ‘freedom, re­ lease’; re|h|in (rein) ‘pegno’ 188 1. - cf.: rehin ‘pawned, pledged; deposited as security’; reis (rejis) ‘comandator di naue’ 68 I. - cf.: reis ‘captain (of a merchant ship); remalci (remalgi) ‘indouino' 135 r. - cf.: remmal ‘geomancer’; renc (reng) ‘malatia’ 159 r. - cf.: renc ‘pain, stress; suffering’; rencide ider (rengide ider) ‘far stratio, offesa’ 103 r. - cf.: rencide etmek ‘to hurt, to annoy’; rencili (rengili) ‘bardasone' 42 r. - Contemporary dictionaries do not contain this word, however it is recorded in the seventeenth-century dictionary. Cf.: rencil (rengil) ‘nebulo, nugatorculus, puer nihili’ Men. II 2365; rende (rende) ‘grata cascio’ 121 r. - cf.: rende ‘1. carpenter’s plane. 2. grater’; rendelenmek (rendelenmece) ‘gratar il formaggio o altro’ 121 r. - cf.: rendelemek ‘ 1. to plane. 2. to grate'; I. renk (rence) ‘irjgano, falsita’ 134 r., renk (rence) ‘scherzo’ 220 r. - cf.: reng = renk ‘trick, device’; II. renk (rence) ‘colore’ 66 r. - cf.: renk ‘colour’; renk ider (rencc ider) ‘far scherzo’ 103 r. - cf.: reng etmek ‘to play a trick (on a person); Part II-Dictionary 125 resail (resajil) ‘marioleria’67 159 r. — of. resail pl. of risale i 1. treatise, pamphlet. 2. message'; resmi (resmi) ‘datio’ 77 r. - cf.: resmi ‘formal, official"; resulla|h| (resulla) ‘mandate da Dio’ 159 r. - cf.: Resullah ‘the Apostle and Prophet of God; Muhammad’; reşid (rescid) ‘prudente, sapiente’ 198 r., reşid (rescid) ‘sauio, prudente’ 216 1.— cf.: reşid ‘one who has become an adult’; reuf (reuf) ‘donatore, largitor’ 86 r. - cf.: raw/‘clement, benign’; reva (reua) ‘conueniente’ 67 r. - cf.: reva ‘proper, suitable’; revahil itmek (reuahil itmece) ‘far uiaggio’ 103 r. - It is difficult to identify this compound verb. revane olmak (reuane olmak) ‘andare’ 32 I. - cf.: revane olmak ‘ 1. to go along. 2. to flow’; rıza virmek (riza uirmecc) ‘dar lizenzo’ 77 r. - cf.: rıza ‘consent’; rızk (risk) ‘gratia da Dio data’ 121 r., rızk (risk) ‘richezza, faculta’ 211 I. - cf: rızk ‘ 1. one’s daily food, sustenance (provided by God). 2. the necessities of life’; rizvan (rizuan) ‘partinaro del paradiso’ 195 I. - cf: rıdvan ‘1. being pleased, satis­ fied. 2. Paradise’; riayet ider (riajiet ider) ‘far carezze’ 103 r. - cf.: riayet ‘respecting; respect, es­ teem’; riba (riba) ‘usura’ 259 r. - cf.: riba ‘usury’; ribahur (ribahur) ‘usuraro’ 259 r. - cf.: ribahar ‘usurer’; ribaye virmek (ribajie uirmecc) ‘dar ad usura’ 77 r. - cf.: riba ‘usury’; rica itmek (rigia itmece) ‘pregare, suplicare’ 199 r. - cf.: rica etmek ‘to request’; rical (rigial) ‘homini’ 127 r. - cf.: rical ‘men’; ricil (rigil) ‘cauicciolla del piede’ 55 r. - cf.: riel ‘foot’; rifatlu (rifatlu) ‘fortunate, prestante’ 109 I. - cf.: rifatlii ‘eminent'; rihlet ider (rhilet ider) ‘incaminarsi’ 134 I. - cf.: rihlet ‘departing, migrating’; rikab (rikab) ‘collo’ 66 1. - cf.: rikab pl. of rakabe ‘neck’; riş (rise) ‘barba’ 42 r. - cf.: riş ‘beard’; rişad itmek (riscad itmece) ‘amaestrare’ 31 1., rişad itmek (riscad itmece) ‘mostrar la uia’ 166 r. - cf.: reşad ‘pursuing a straight course; following the right road'; rişvet (riscuet) ‘presente secrete per ottener qualcho uffcio’ 199 I. - cf.: rişvet = rüşvet ‘bribe, bribery’; rivayet ider (riuajiet ider) 169 r.68. 67 The meaning given in Italian is literally ’fraud' whereas the Turkish sources pre­ sent a different meaning. 126 Part 11 - Dictionary riya (rjia) ‘ipocrisia' 142 r. - cf.: riya ’hypocrisy'; rize rize (rize rize) ‘â pezzo â pezzo’ 98 r. - cf.: rize rize ‘in fragments, in parti­ cles'; rufedan (rufedan) ‘ouo da bere' 183 I. - The word is not recorded in other Turkish sources. ruh (ruh) ‘animo' 32 r. - cf: ruh ‘soul, spirit'; ru|h|ban (ruban) ‘prete Cristiano' 198 I. - cf.: pl. of rahib ’clergy'; ru|h|i (ruji) ‘faccia' 103 r.-cf.: ruh ‘face; cheek'; ruhsat (russat) ‘ocasione bona di far una cosa' 175 r. - cf.: ruhsat ‘1. permission; permit. 2. leave"; ruspizade (ruspizade) ‘figlio da putana" 108 r. - cf.: orospu ‘prostitute7 + zade son’; ru$en (ruscen) ‘luce, splendore' 149 I. - cf.: ripen ‘bright, shining"; ruy (ruji) ‘bronzo’ 50 r. - cf.: ruy ‘brass, bronze'; riicuh, sucud, kiyam (ruccuh, sugud. kjiam) ‘tre termini nel oratione inchinatosi in terra’ 268 r. - cf.: rucu ‘a returning, reverting’; sucud ‘a bowing down’; kiyam ‘rising, standing up’. Saat (sahat) ‘hora, adesso’ 127 r. - cf.: saat ‘hour, time’; sabah (sabah) ‘mattina' 159 r. - cf.: sabah ‘morning"; sabah namazı (sabha namasi) ‘oratione della matina' 268 r. - cf.: sabah ‘morning’ + namaz ‘prayer’; sabık (sabik) ‘giâ e un pezzo’ 118 r. - cf.: sabık ‘former, previous, preceding’; sabit (sabit) proua p[er] legge' 199 r. - cf.: sabit ‘proved, demonstrated"; sabit olur (sabit olur) ‘prouare p[er] legge’ 199 r. - cf.: sabit ‘proved, demonstrated’; sabr itmek (sabr itmece) ‘aspettare" 37 1., sabr itmek (sabr itmece) ‘hauer patienza' 125 r. - cf.: sabretmek ‘to be patient’; 68 No commentary is given for this form. Part II-Dictionary 127 sac (sag) ‘capelli’ 55 I. - cf.: saç ’hair of the head’; saçma (saccma) ‘petriero’ 189 r. - cf. perhaps: saçma 'anything scattered or sprin­ kled’; sad (sad) ‘100’ 267 r. - cf.: sad ‘one hundred’; sadaka (sadaka) ‘elemosina’ 94 r. - cf.: sadaka ‘alms, charity’; sadakat (sadakat) ‘elemosina’ 94 r. - cf.: sadakat pl. of sadaka', sade (sade) ‘sccietto simplice’ 220 r. - cf.: sade ‘mere, simple’; sade yağ (sade jiagh) ‘smalzo buono sccetto’ 230 1. - cf.: sade yağ ‘clarified butter, cooking fat’; sadık (sadik) ‘reale, fidele’ 210 r. - cf.: sadık "true, sincere’; sadır olmak (sadir olmak) ‘esser manifesto, cciaro, 6 poruato’ 98 I. - cf.: sadır olmak ‘ 1. to emanate. 2. to take place, to happen’; saf bir saf (saf bir saf) ‘in fi la, in fila’ 136 r. - cf.: saf saf'm rows’; safi (safi) ‘puro, sccietto’ 202 r. - cf.: safi ‘clear; pure'; safre (safre) ‘colera’ 68 1. - cf. perhaps: safra ‘bile, gall"; sağ (sagh) ‘sano’ 216 r. - cf.: sağ ‘alive, healthy’; sağ canibe (sagh gianibe) ‘all destra parte’ 29 I. - cf.: sağ ‘right’ + canih ’side"; sağır (saghir) ‘sordo’ 231 1. - cf.: sağır ‘deaf; sağlık (saghlik) ‘sanita’ 217 r. - cf.: sağlık ‘health’; sağmak (saghmak) ‘mongiere’ 166 I. - cf: sağmak ‘to milk’; sağrı (saghri) ‘groppo del cauallo' 121 r. - cf.: sağrı ‘rump’; sahan (sahan) 'piatto grande di rame’ 192 1. - cf.: sahan ‘copper food dish'; sakatlar (sahatlar) bompro faccia’ 47 1. - cf.: sahat = saha ‘court, open space; field, ground’; sahib: tablu, alem sahibi (tablu, halem sahibi) ‘signore di bandiera et tamburo’ 228 1. - cf.: sahib ‘owner'; sahife (sahife) ‘facciata d'un libro’ 103 I. - cf.: sahife ‘page, leaf, sheet'; sahilik (sahilicc) 'liberalita' 147 r. - cf.: sahi 'generous, liberal’; sahra (shara)69 ‘campagna aperta’ 56 r. - cf.: sahra ‘open country, open plain’; saht (shat) ‘mesto, malinconico’ 161 I. - cf.: saht ‘hard, strong, firm; vehement, severe’; sahtiyan (shatjian)70‘pelle p[er] far scarpe’ 189 r. - cf.: sahtiyan ‘Morocco leather"; sai|g| yağ (saji jiaghi) ‘smalzo’ 230 I. - cf.: saiğ ‘easy and pleasant to swallow’ + yağ ‘oil, fat’; 69 In this form the letters are transposed - instead of sahra there is shara. 70 This is another case where the letters are transposed. Part 11 - Dictionary 128 saim olmak (saim olmak) ‘digiunare’ 83 r. - cf.: saim ‘one who keeps the fast’; sakal (sakal) ‘barba’ 42 r. - cf.: sakal ‘beard’; sakat (sakat) ‘zoppo’ 263 I. - cf.: sakat ‘invalid, disabled'; sakin (sakin) ‘quieto, paciflco’ 205 I. - cf.: sakin ‘quiet; calm’; sakirka (sakirka) ‘zecha, animaletto’ 262 I. - cf.: sakırga ‘tick’; sakız (sakiz) ‘masticc’ 159 I. - cf.: sakız ‘chewing gum, mastic’; saklamak (saklamak) ‘ascondersi’ 38 r., saklamak (saklamak) ‘custodire, conseruare’ 75 1. - cf.: saklamak ‘to hide’; saklı (sakli) ‘ascosto’ 38 r., saklı (sakli) ‘custodito, ascosta’ 76 r. - cf: saklı ‘hid­ den, secret’; sa|n|cmak (sakmak) ‘ficar dentro, infigere’ 108 r. - cf.: sancmak ‘to set up in the earth (lance, etc.); sal (sal) zatta’ 262 r. - cf.: sal ‘raft’; sala sala gider (sala sala gider) ‘andar di uagheggio di un [.. .]71 et d’un homo’ 33 r.; salavat (salauat) ‘oratione’ 180 I.; salavat fecri (salauat fegri) ‘oratione della matina’ 268 r.; salavat hasrı (salauat hasri) ‘oratione delle hore’ 268 r.; salavat işai (salauat iscai) ‘oratione del dormire' 268 r.; salavat mağribi (salauat maghribi) ‘oratione della sera’ 268 r.; salavat zu|h|ri (salauat zuri) ‘oratione del mezzo di' 268 r. - salavat pl of salât ‘Muslim ritual prayer’; salb ider (salb ider) ‘impicare’ 131 1. - cf: salbetmek ‘to crucify’; saldurmak (saldurmak) ‘far meuer, scescare’ 103 1. - cf.: saldırmak ‘to rush to a place’; salgın (salghin) ‘grauezza obligo delli [..... ]72 Uitoua glia del campo’ 121 r. - cf.: salgın ‘general tax levied on a community; annual tribute’; Salı (sali) ‘Martedi” 267 I. - cf.: Salı ‘Tuesday’; salık virmek (salik uirmecc) ‘dar notitia d’una cosa’ 77 I. , salık virmek (salik uirmecc) Tiferire, notifıcar una cosa’ 213 r. - cf.: sağlık vermek ‘to recom­ mend’; salınmak (salinmak) ‘scosarsi da se stesso’ 220 I. - cf: salınmak ‘to swing'; salitmak (salitmak) ‘dondolare’ 86 r„ salitmak (salitmak) ‘scossare, dondolare’ 220 I. - cf.: salınmak ‘to swing’; salivirmek (sali uirmecc) ‘dar lizenzo’ 77 r., salı virmek (sali uirmecc) ‘lasicare, liberare’ 144 j. - cf.: salıvermek ‘to let go, to set free'; salih adem (salih adem) ‘homo deuoto’ 127 1. - cf.: salih ‘good, pious’; 71 Part of this commentary is illegible, therefore it is difficult to understand the whole context. 72 Part of this commentary is illegible. Part II - Dictionary 129 salim (salim) ‘şano’ 216 r., salim (salim) ‘sicuro, certo’ 228 r. - cf.: salim ‘safe, healthy’; saman (saman) ‘paglia’ 185 I. - cf.: saman ‘straw’; samsa (samsa) ‘mandole di torta come fritele’ 159 I. - cf.: samsa ‘a kind of pastry sweetened with syrup’; sanat (zanat) mestiero’ 161 I. - cf.: sanat ‘art’; sancak (sangiak) ‘bandiera grande che portano li beghi’ 42 I. - cf.: sancak ‘flag, banner’; sancilmek (sangilmek) ‘ficar dentro, infigere’ 108 r. - cf.: sancıtmak pass, of sancmak ‘to set up in the earth (lance, etc.)’; sancmak (sangmak) ‘pungere, dar di punto’ 202 r. - cf.: sancmak ‘to set up in the earth (lance), to stick a sharp-pointed thing into’; sancu (sangu) ‘doglia interiorrmte nol corpo’ 86 r. - cf: sancı ‘stomach ache, colic’; sanculanmak (sangulanmak) ‘doler interiorm:te’ 86 r. - cf.: sancılanmak ‘to have a stomach ache or similar internal pain’; sandel (sandel) ‘nauicella’ 169 r. - cf.: sandal ‘rowboat’; sanduk (sanduk) ‘cassa' 55 I. - cf.: sandık ‘chest, coffer’; sanmak (sanmak) ‘pensare’ 189 r. - cf: sanmak ‘to think’; sap (sap) manico’ 159 I. - cf.: sap ‘handle’; saplamak (saplamak) ficar dentro, infigere’ 108 r. - cf: saplamak ‘to pierce, to spit’; sarhoş (sarhosc) ‘imbriaco’ 132 r., sar[h]oş (sarosc) ‘ubriaco’ 247 I. - cf.: sarhoş ‘drunk’; san (sari) ‘giallo colore' 118 r. - cf.: sari ‘yellow’; sank (sarik) ‘turbante picciolo' 245 r. - cf.: sank ‘turban’; sarışın (sariscin) ‘giallo di faccia, e di pelame’ 1 19 r. - cf.: sarışın ‘fair-haired, blond’; sarmak (sarmak) ‘inuoltare circumligare’ 136 r. - cf.: sarmak ‘to wind or to wrap round’; sarmsak (sarmsak) ‘aglio’ 30 r. - cf.: sarımsak ‘garlic’; sarp (sarp) ‘aspro’ 38 r. - cf.: sarp ‘steep, hard, difficult’; sarsmak (sarsmak) ‘scossare, doddolare’ 220 1. - cf: sarsmak ‘to shake’; sarunc (sarung) ‘cisterna’ 62 I. - cf.: sarnıç ‘cistern’; sat pare (sat pare) ‘in cento pezzi’ 136 r. - cf.: sat ‘one hundred’ + pare ‘piece’; satar (satar) riga di scritura' 212 r. - cf.: satır ‘a line of writing’; satmak (satmak) vendere’ 249 I. - cf.: satmak ‘to sell’; satun almak (satun aimak) ‘comprare’ 68 I. - cf.: satın aimak ‘to buy'; 130 Part II - Dictionary savaş (sauasc) ‘battaglia' 41 I. - cf.: savaş ‘struggle, fight'; savmak (saumak) ‘scanscare, schiuare’ 220 I. - cf: savmak ‘to avoid, to get rid of; sav|u|lmak (saulmak) ‘andar ad bandaduarsi detto d’un mercato’ 33 r., savulmak (sauulmak) ‘dar luogo, far strada, ad uno che camini’ 77 I. - cf.: savulmak ‘to stand aside, to get out of the way’; sa’yid (shajid) ‘fortunato, prestante’ 109 I. - cf.: said ‘auspicious’; sayir (sajir) ‘resto, residuo’ 208 I. - cf.: sair ‘all that remains, the rest of; saymak (sajimak) ‘numerare’ 173 I. - cf.: saymak ‘to count, to number'; sayrı kalanı (sajiri kalani) ‘il restante, residero’ 131 r. - cf.: sair ‘all that remains, the rest of, kalan ‘remaining’; saz (saz) ‘canna di palude’ 55 I. - cf.: saz ‘reed'; sazlık (sazlik) ‘palude’ 184 1. - cf.: sazlık ‘place covered with rushes’; se (se) ‘3’ 265 1. - cf.: se (in dice games) ‘three’; seadetlii (sehadetlu) ‘fortunato, prestante’ 109 I. - cf.: saadetli ‘prosperous, happy’; sebeb (sebeb) ‘caggione, rispeto’ 53 r. - cf.: sebeb ‘cause, reason'; sebha (sebha) ‘7’ 265 I. - cf.: seb 'a ‘seven’; sebha aşere (sebha hascere) ‘17’ 266 r. - cf.: seb'a ‘seven’ + aşir ‘a tenth, tenth part’; sebha ve hişrin (sebha ue hiscrin) ‘27’ 266 I. - cf.: seb 'a ‘seven’ + işrîn ‘twenty’; sebil itmek (sebil itmece) ‘scompartire, uedi diuider’ 220 r. - cf.: sebil etmek ‘to spend lavishly, to squander’; sebilhane (sebilhane) ‘logo doue si comparte il uiuere â I poueri’ 148 I. - cf.: sebilhane ‘building where water is distributed free of charge’; sebkin (sebkin) ‘70’ 266 1. - cf.: seb ’in ‘seventy’; sebze (sebze) ‘verdura’ 249 I. - cf.: sebze ‘green plant; vegetable'; secde itmek (segde itmece) ‘inchinarsi far riuerenza sin in terra’ 135 I. - cf.: secde etmek ‘to prostrate oneself in worship’; seçmek (seccmecc) ‘capire, intender' 55 1., seçmek (seccmecc) ‘riconoscer da lontano’ 212 1. - cf.: seçmek ‘to choose, to perceive, to see’; sed (sed) ‘chiusa ritegno da acqua’ 61 1. - cf.: sed ‘barrier; dam’; sedir (sedir, sedre) ‘sedia’ 223 I. - cf.: sedir ‘platform at the head of a room with a divan on it; divan, sofa’; sedre geçmek (sedre geccmecc) ‘augumentar’ 40 r. - This compound verb is not recorded in other Turkish sources. sefer (sefer) ‘guerra, combatimento ’ 123 1. - cf.: sefer ‘state of war'; Sefer (sefer) “Aprile’ 269 1. - cf.: Sefer, Safer ‘the second month of the Arabic lunar year’; Part II - Dictionary 131 seferli (seferli) ‘gueriero’ 124 r. - cf.: seferli ‘one who is on a campaign or jour­ ney; mobilized’; sefhat ( sefhat) ‘pieta, compassione’ 192 I. - cf. perhaps: sefahet ‘dissipation’. However, the meaning sefahet is different from the meaning presented in the Italian source. sefi (sefi) ‘pazzo’ 184 r. - cf. perhaps: sefih ‘spendthrift’; sefine (sefine) ‘naue’ 169 r. - cf.: sefine ‘ship, vessel’; segban (segban) ‘cagnatiori del Re' 55 1. - cf.: segban ‘keeper of the sultan's hounds’; segin (seghin) ‘ceruo’ 60 r. - cf.: sığın ‘moose, elk’; seğirtmek (seğirtmece) ‘corero’ 65 r. - cf.: seğirtmek ‘to run, to hasten’; sehadet (sehadet) 'fortuna, destino’ 110 r. - cf.: saadet ‘happiness, prosperity’; se|h|ar (sear) ‘mattina’ 159 r. - cf.: seher ‘time just before dawn; early morning’; se|h|el (seel) ‘poco’ 194 I. - cf.: sehl = sehil ‘easy, simple’; sehelcik (seelgik) ‘pochetto’ 194 I. - demin, of sehil', se|h|il (sejil) ‘paese caldo’ 185 - cf.: sahil ‘shore, coast’; sekiz (sekis) ‘8’ 265 I. - cf.: seki: ‘eight’; sekizincisi (seccisingisi) ‘ottauo’ 265 r. - cf.: sekizinci ‘eighth’; seksen (seccsen) ‘80’ 265 1. - cf.: seksen ‘eighty’; selam (selam) ‘saluto’ 216 1. - cf.: selâm ‘salutation’; selam virmek (selam uirmecc) ‘salutare’ 216 I. - cf.: selâm vermek ‘to salute, to greet’; selamet (selamet) 216 1. - There is no Italian commentary given to this word; selamlamak (selamlamak) ’salutare’ 216 I. - cf.: selamlamak ‘to salute, to greet’; selaş aşere (selasc hascere) ‘13’ 266 r. - cf.: selâse ‘three’ + a$r ‘ten’; selaş ve hişrin (selasc ue hiscrin) ‘23’ 266 r. - cf.: selâse ‘three’ + işrin ‘twenty’; selat ademlar (selat ademlar) ’homini principali’ 127 l.-cf.: selâtin ‘sovereigns’ pl. of sultan', sema itmek (semah itmece) ‘voltarsi â torno â tomo’ 256 1. - cf.: sema etmek ‘to whirl in an ecstatic state’; semane ve hişrin (semane ue hiscrin) ‘28’ 266 I. - cf.: seman ‘eight’ + işrîn ‘twen­ ty’; semayi (semaji) ‘cielo’ 62 1. - cf.: semaî ‘pertaining to the sky or heaven’; semek (semecc) ‘pesce’ 187 I. - cf.: semek Tish'; semen (semen) ‘faculta, uedi richezza’ 102 1. - cf.: semen ‘price, value’; semer (semer) ‘basto’ 42 I. - cf.: semer ‘packsaddle’; semerci (semergi) ’bastaro ’42 I. - cf: semerci ’maker of packsaddles’; 132 Part II - Dictionary semirmek (semirmece) ‘ingrassarsi’ 135 I. - cd.'.semirmek ‘to grow fat’; sepet (sepet) ‘cesta, paniero’ 59 I. - cf.: sepet ‘basket’; ser (ser) ‘testa’ 241 r. - cf.: ser ‘head’; seraser (seraser) ‘ricamo, ö ricamato’ 212 1. - cf.: seraser ‘a kind of brocade'; şerbetlemek (şerbetlemece) ‘auenezare’ 39 1. - cf. perhaps: serbestlemek ‘to get free"; serçe (serece) ‘passara, ucello’ 185 r. - cf.: serçe ‘sparrow’; serden geçmek (serden geccmecc) ‘andar rissolutam et di propira uolonta â com- bater’ 32 1. - cf.: serdengeçti ‘Ott. troops selected for a desperate enterprise, suicide squad’; seren (seren) ‘anatenna da naue’ 32 I. - cf.: seren ‘yard, boom, spar’; serhad (serhad) ‘frontiera uerso gl’inimici’ 112 r. - cf.: serhad ‘frontier’; servi ağaç (serui aghag) ‘cipresso’ 62 1. - cf.: servi ‘cypress’; ses (ses) ‘rumore, strepito’ 215 1. - cf.: ses ‘sound, noise’; seşenbi (sescenbi) ‘Martedi’ 267 1. - cf. contemporary Turkish: Salı ‘Tuesday’; sevab (seuab) ‘opera di carita’ 179 r. - cf.: sevab ‘God’s reward for a pious act or good conduct on earth’; sevab itmek (seuab itmece) ‘far opera di carita’ 103 I. - cf.: sevab etmek ‘to do a good act"; sevdiigim (seudughim) ‘inamorata’ 135 1. - cf.: gram, form of sevmek ‘to love’; seven (seuen) ‘casualmente’ 55 I. - cf.: part, form of sevmek ‘to love’; sevindiirmek (seuindurmecc) ‘far alegrare’ 103 1. - cf.: sevindirmek caus. of sevinmek ‘to please’; sevinmek (seuinmecc) ‘alegrarsi’ 29 1. - cf.: sevinmek ‘to be pleased, to be glad’; seyd ider (sejid ider) ‘far preda, cacciare’ 103 1. - cf. sayd ‘a hunt, hunting, chase’; seyid adem (sejid adem) ‘homo grande di molta autorita’ 127 1. - cf.: seyyid ‘mas­ ter, lord, chief; seyishane (sejishane) bestie da somma’ 45 r. - cf.: seyishane ‘sumpter horse, packhorse’; seyran (sejiran) ‘diporto, spasso’ 83 r. - cf.: seyran ‘walking or riding for pleas­ ure’; seyrane varmak (sejirane uarmak) ‘andar â spasso â diporto’ 32 r. - cf.: seyran etmek ‘to go for a trip’; sezmek (sezmece) ‘intendere, sapere’ 135 1. - cf.: sezmek ‘to perceive, to feel’; sıçan (siccian) ‘topo, ratio’ 243 1. - cf.: sıçan ‘rat, mouse’; sıçramak (siccramak) ‘saltare’ 217 r. - cf.: sıçramak ‘to leap, to jump’; Part II - Dictionary 133 sidakat (sidakat) ‘retitudine’ 210 r., sidakat (sidakat) ‘sincerita’ 228 r. - cf.: sidk ‘truth , veracity, sincerity’; sıfat (sifet) ‘presenza, aspetto’ 199 r. - cf.: sıfat ’1. quality, attribute. 2. appear­ ance, aspect’; sifatlu (sifatlu) ‘presenza, aspetto’ 199 r. - cf.: sıfat, sığar (sighar) ‘picoli pl.’ 192 I. - cf: sigar 'being small’; sığınmak (sighinmak) ‘racomandarsi in mano d’uno ö di Dio’ 207 r. - cf.: sığınmak ‘to take shelter (in), to take refuge (with); sığır (sighir) ‘buc’ 51 I. - cf.: sığır ‘bull, ox’; sığmak (sighmak) ‘capire’ 56 r. - cf.: sığmak ‘to go into, to be contained by’; sihathk (sihatlik) ‘sanita’ 217 r. - cf.: sihhathk ‘health, truth, correctness’; sıkılmak (sikilmak) ‘esser astretto’ 98 I. - cf.: sıkılmak ‘to be pressed; to be in difficulties; to be bored’; sila (sial) ‘patria’ 185 1. - cf.: sıla ‘1. being united with one’s friends or family; reunion. 2. visit to one’s native place’; sındı (sindji) ‘forbice grandi’ 110 r. - cf.: sındı ‘’large cutting out scissors'; sigar (signari) ‘eguale di condicione’ 93 1. - cf. perhaps: sınar ‘experienced, accus­ tomed to, easily adapting himself to circumstances’; sinur (sinur) ‘confine, termine’ 68 I. - cf.: sınır ‘border, boundary, limit’; sıpa (sipa) ‘asinello picciolo’ 37 I. - cf.: sıpa ‘year-old donkey foal’; sıra sıra (sira sira) ‘in fila, in fila’ 136 r. - cf.: sıra sıra ‘in rows’; sıra vardı (sirauardi) ‘ordinatamemte’ 180 I., sıra vardı (sirauardi) 'per ordine, ordinatarmte’ - cf: sıra ‘ 1. row, rank. 2. order. 3. series’; sırça (sircca) 'vetro’ 249 I. - cf.: sırça ‘glass’; sırça parmak (sirccia parmak) ‘deto picciolo’ 79 1. - cf.: sırça parmak + serçe parmak ‘little finger or toe’; siritmek (siritmek) ‘ghignare rider â poco â poco’l 17 I. cf.: sırıtmak ‘to grin, to show the teeth’; sırma (sirma) ‘filo d’argento odoro tirato senza seta’ 108 r. - cf.: sırma 'lace or embroidery of silver or silver-gilt thread’; sırmakeş (sirmaccesc) ‘tira l‘oro’ 242 I. - cf.: sırmakeş ‘maker of gold or silver thread’; sıvanmak (siuanmak) ‘impiastrare’ 132 r. - cf.: sıvanmak ‘to be plastered with'; sızlamak (sizlamak) ‘lamentarsi, lagnarsi’ 144 r. - cf.: sızlamak ‘to lament, to complain’; sizdirmek (sizdirmek) ‘liquefare’ 147 r. - cf.: sızdırmak ‘to cause to ooze out’; sızılmak (sizilmak) 'scolare, trapassare un liquore p[er] un panno’ 220 I. - cf.: sızılmak ‘to ooze, to leak'; 134 Part II-Dictionary si (sji) ’30’ 266 I. - cf.: si ‘thirty’; sicil (sigil) ‘processo, scritura publica’ 199 I. - cf.: sicil ‘register, judicial record'; sidik (sidicc) ‘urina" 258 1. - cf.: sidik ‘urine’; sihr ider (shir ider)73 ‘incantare, far stregaria’ 135 1. - cf.: sihr = sihir ‘magic, sor­ cery, witchcraft"; sik (sicc) "cazzo" 54 I. - cf.: sik ‘penis'; sikke (sicce) ‘impronto della moneta" 132 r. - cf.: sikke ‘coin, die"; sikmek (siccmecc) ‘fottere" 109 1. - cf.: sikmek ‘to have sexual intercourse (with): sil (sjil) ‘rjiolo, ruscello nato p[er] pioggia’ 213 r. - cf.: sei ‘torrent, flood’; silinmek (silinmek) ‘cancelare con mano fregar uia una cosa’ 55 I. - cf.: silinmek pass, of silmek ‘to w ipe, to rub out’; silmek (silmece) ‘nettare’ 170 r. - cf.: silmek to wipe, to rub out’; sinameki (sinai mecci) ‘herba sciena p[er] purgare" 126 r. - cf.: sinameki ‘senna’; sinek (sinek) mosca" 166 I. - cf.: sinek ‘fly"; sirjir (signir)‘neruo’ 170 r. - cf.: sinir ‘nerve"; sipa|h|i (sipaji) ‘caualeria della Porta" 55 I. - cf.: sipahi ‘Ott. cavalry' soldier"; siparis olinur (siparis olinur) ‘comandare’ 65 r. - cf.: sipariş ‘1. order. 2. commis­ sion"; sirke (sircce) ‘aceto" 23 r., sirke (sircce) ‘vino agro" 252 r. - cf.: sirke ‘vinegar"; site (site) ‘6’ 265 1.’ - cf.: sit, sitte ‘six’; site ve hişrin (site ue hiscrin) ‘26" 266 1. - cf.: sit, sitte ‘six’ + işrîn ‘twenty’; sitin (sitin) ‘60" 266 1. - cf.: siltin ‘sixty’; siya|h| (sjia) ‘negro" 170 r.-cf.: siyah ‘black"; siyaset ider (sjiaset ider) ‘far giustitia di sangue" 103 1. - cf.: siyaset etmek ‘to punish; to put to death"; siz (siz) ‘voi" 256 1. - cf.: siz ‘you"; soal ider (soual ider) ‘interogare" 134 r. - cf.: sual etmek ‘to ask"; sofra (sofra) ‘mensa di corame, come touaglia’ 161 1. - cf.: sofra ‘dining table; wooden or metal tray serving as a table’; soğan (soghan) ‘cipola’ 62 I. - cf.: soğan ‘onion"; solmak (solmak) ‘inflossire, suanire" 136 r., solmak (solmak) perder di grado" 189 r. - cf.: solmak ‘to fade, to pale; to w ither"; somun (somun) :pane ordinario" 185 1. - cf.: somun ‘loaf of bread"; sogi (sogni) ‘vltimo’ 253 I. - cf.: son ‘end; last; ultimate’; souk (sook) ‘freddo’ 112 r. - cf.: soğuk ‘cold’; 73 The transposition of letters appears in the first element of this compound verb. 135 Part II-Dictionary souk almak (sook aimak) ‘raffredarsi’ 207 r. - cf.: soğuk almak ‘to catch a cold’; süpürmek (sopurmecc) ‘scopare’ 220 I. - cf.: süpürmek ‘to sweep, to brush’; su (su) ‘acqua’ no pagination; su (su) ‘aqua corente’ 21 - cf.: su ‘water’; su sığırı (susighiri) ‘bufallo’ 51 I. - cf.: sığır ‘ox, bull, buffalo’; . su yoli (sujioli) ‘canale’ 56 r. - cf: suyolu ‘water conduit; aqueduct’; subh (subh, subih) ‘mattina’ 159 r. - cf.: subh ‘dawn, daybreak’; sue (sug) ‘colpa, pecato' 68 I., sue (sug) ‘pecato’ 188 I. - cf: suç ‘fault, guilt’; suçlamak (succlamak) ‘esser colpauolo’ 97 r., suçlamak (succlamak) ‘pecare, esser colpeuole’ 188 I. - cf.: suçlamak ‘to accuse, to lay the blame (on)’; suhbet (shubet) ‘conuersatione, nel conuiuio’ 68 I. - cf.: sohbet ‘conversation, chat, talk’; sulamak (sulamak) apanare, cauar fuori I’humidita, 6 altra cosa’ 98 r. - cf.: sulamak ‘to water, to irrigate’; sulb uğlı (sulb ughli) ‘figilo propiro' 108 r. - cf.: sulbi ‘legitimate (son)’; sul|h| itmek (sul itmece) ‘companere, acordarsi’ 69 r. - cf.: sulhetmek ‘to make peace, to be reconciled’; sul|h|ci (sulgi) companitor, acordator" 69 r. - cf.: sulhcu ‘peace-loving; pacifist"; sultan (sultan) ‘signore, titolo’ 228 r. -cf.: sultan ‘ruler, sovereign’; sugra (sunghra) ‘poi di pio’ 195 I. - cf.: sonra ‘then, afterwards’; suratile (suratile) ‘velocermte, prestarmte’ 249 I. - cf.: süratle ‘quickly’; suret (suret) ‘ritrato’ 213 r. - cf.: suret ‘shape, form, picture’; surat ‘1. face, coun­ tenance. 2. angry look"; suretlü (suretlu) ‘bello’ 44 I. - cf.: suretli ‘sulky, sullen’;; surmak (surmak) ‘interogare’ 134 r. - cf.: sormak ‘to ask’; susam (susam) ‘comino bianco’ 68 I. - cf.: susam ‘sesame’; sutara (sutara) ‘destino, fato’ 79 r., sutara (sutara) ‘fortuna, destino’ 110 r. - Con­ temporary sources contain the word siitre ‘cover’ (YRd 1043), sütre ‘perde, örtü’ (TS 2191), however, we cannot exclude its methaphoric denotation. suvarmak (suuarmak) ‘abeuerare’ 211., suvarmak (su uarmak) ‘adaquare’ 25 1- cf.: suvarmak ‘ 1. to water (animal). 2. to temper (steel); suvarlemek (suuarlemecc)74 ‘inaquare’ 135 I. - cf.: suvarmak-, suyunmak (sujiunmak) ‘mondar un frutto’ 166 I. - cf.: soyulmak ‘to peel off; sügmek (sughmecc) ‘dir uilania, ingiuriare’ 83 r., sügmek (sughmecc) ‘ingiuriare, dir uilania’ 136 r. - cf.: söğmek, sövmek ‘to curse, to swear’; sügüt ağaç (sugiut aghag) ‘şalice’ 216 1. - cf.: söğüt ‘willow’; 74 This is the case where one can notice the disrupted vowel harmony. Part II - Dictionary 136 siime (sume) ‘otio’ 182 1. - No records in contemporary dictionaries, but cf.: sume, slime, sümme ‘vanitas...’ Men.II 3012; sümükli (sumukli) ‘lumaga’ 149 1. - cf.: sümüklü ‘snail’; siinbiil (sunbul) ‘fiore di giacinto’ 108 r. - cf.: sünbül ‘hyacinth’; söndürmek (sundurmecc) ‘smorzare un lume, o foco’ 230 1. - cf.: söndürmek ‘to extinguish, to deflate’; sünet (sunet) ‘comandamento del Profeta' 68 I. - cf.: sünnet ‘Sunnah - practices and rules not laid down in the Quran but derived from the Prophet's own hab­ its and words’; sünmek (sunmecc) ‘smorzarsi da se stesso’ 230 1. - cf.: sönmek ‘to be extin­ guished, to be deflated’; süpürge (supurge) ‘scopetta granatta’ 220 1. - cf: süpürge ‘broom’; sürçmek (surccmecc) ‘scapuciare’ 220 I. - cf.: sürçmek ‘1. to slip. 2. to make a mistake’; sürdürmek (sürdürmece) ‘far fregare’ 103 r. - cf: sürdürmek caus. of sürmek ‘to smear, to rub on’; sürmek (sürmece) ‘fregare’ 112 r. - cf.: sürmek ‘to rub on, to smear’; süt (sut) ‘latte’ 144 r. - cf.: süt ‘milk’; süyleme (sujilemecc) ‘parlare’ 185 r. - cf.: söylemek ‘to speak, to say’; süyündürmek (sujiundurmecc) ‘estinguer, smorzare’ 98 1. - cf.: söyündürmek ‘to extinguish’; süz (suz) ‘parola’ 185 r. - cf: söz ‘word’; süzmek (süzmece) ‘scolare, trapassare un liquore p[er] un panno’ 220 1. - cf.: süzmek ‘to strain, to filter’. Şab (scab) ‘alume di rocha’ 29 1. - cf.: şâb ‘alum’; Şaban (scaban) ‘Ottobre’ 269 1. - cf.: Şaban ‘the eighth month of the Muslim year"; şad olmak (scad olmak) ‘alegrarsi’ 29 1. - cf: şad olmak ‘to rejoice, to be happy"; Part II-Dictionary 137 şadırevan (scadireuan) ‘fontana artificiosa’ 110 r. - cf.: şadırvan ‘fountain of wa­ ter with a jet in the middle’; şa|h| (sea) ‘Re’ 208 1. - cf.: şah ‘king, monarch’; şa|h|id (scaid) ‘testimonio’ 241 r. - cf.: şahid ‘witness’; şa|h|in (scajin) ‘falcone’ 103 r. - cf.: şahin ‘peregrine falcon’; şa|h|zade (scazade) ‘figlio del Re’ 108 r., şa[h]zade (scazade) ‘principe figlio del Re’ 199 I. - cf. şahzade = şehzade ‘prince; a sultan’s son’; şalaş (scalasc) ‘3’ 265 1. - cf.: selâse ‘three’; şalgam (scalgham) ’rapa’ 207 r. - cf.: şalgam ‘turnip’; şalvar (scaluar) ‘calce grande da poglani’ 55 I. - cf.: şalvar ‘baggy trousers’; şamadan (scamadan) ‘candeliero’ 54 I. - cf.: şamdan ‘candlestick’; şark (scark) ‘quattro parti del mondo oriente’ 269 r. - cf.: şark ‘ 1. the east. 2. east­ ern, oriental’; şart (scart) ‘patto’ 185 I. - cf.: şart ‘article of agreement'; şaşkınlık (scasckinlik) ‘teröre’ 241 r. - cf.: şaşkınlık ‘bewilderment; stupidity’; şayet (scajiet) ‘forsi’ 109 I. - cf.: şayet ‘if, perchance’; şayi (scaji) ‘pezze reale da campagna’ 188 I. - The meaning given by the author is quite different from the meaning in some dictionary sources; cf. below; şayi itmek (scajih itmece) ‘publichar una cosa’ 202 r. - cf.: şayi ‘divulged, spread abroad, commonly known’; şebiçirag (scebiciragh) ‘carboncco una sorte di pietra’ 55 I. - cf.: şebçirag ‘1. a very brilliant mythical gem. 2. carbuncle’; şecaat (scegiahat) ‘proua gran fatto’ 200 r. - cf.: şecaat ‘being or becoming brave; courage, valour'; şeda (sceda) ‘acento, segno nello scriuere’ 23 r., şede (scede) ‘coma, acento, nello scriuere’ 68 1. - cf.: şedde ‘gemination mark in Arabic script’; şedaid (scedaid) ‘seuero pl.' 223 1. - cf.: şedaid ‘adversities; severities, severe trials’; şedid (scedid) ‘seuero’ 223 I. - cf.: şedit ‘strong, hard, firm’; şefteli (scefteli) ‘bascio’ 42 I. - cf.: şeftali ‘kiss’; şeftelü (sceftelu) ‘persico’ 188 1. - cf.: şeftali ‘peach"; şegrit (sceghrit) ‘scolare, disepolo’ 220 1. - cf.: şakird ‘pupil, apprentice’; şehadet bulmak (scehadet bulmak) ‘morir martire’ 166 1. - cf.: şehadet ‘ 1. bearing witness to; testimony. 2. death of a Muslim in battle; martyrdom’; şehadet parmağı (sceadet parmaghi) ‘secondo dito della mano’ 223 1. - cf.: şehadetparmağı ‘index finger’; şe[tı|id (sceid) ‘martire’ 159 r. - cf.: şehit ‘one who dies in battle for Islam, mar­ tyr'; 138 Part 11-Dictionary şe|h|ir (sceir) ‘citta grande' 62 I. - cf.: şehir ‘city, town’; şehir (scehjir) ‘biada orzo’ 45 1. - There is no such word with this meaning in other Turkish sources. şekavet (scekauet) ‘furberia’ 113 1. - cf.: şekavet ‘1. villainy, brigandage. 2. mis­ ery, wretchedness’; şeker (sceccer) ‘zucaro’ 264 r. - cf.: şeker ‘sugar’; şelaşin (scelascin) ‘30* 266 1. - cf: selâsin ‘thirty’; şem (seem) ‘candela’ 55 I. - cf: şem ‘wax candle, candle'; şemane (scemane) ‘18’ 266 r. - cf.: seman ‘eight’. It seems that the Italian source does not contain the whole form of the number eighteen; şemani ‘80" 266 I. - cf: semanın ‘eighty’; şemail (scemajil) ‘aspetto presenza’ 38 r. - cf.: şemail ‘1.features. 2. habits, dispo­ sitions’; şems (seems) ‘sole’ 231 I., 268 1. - cf: şems ‘the sun'; şen (seen) ‘alegro’ 29 1. - cf: şen ‘joyous, cheerful"; Şen bi (scenbi) ‘sabato' 267 1. - cf.: şenbih ’Saturday’ şenlik (scenlik) ‘alegria, contentessa’ 29 1. - cf.: şenlik ‘cheerfulness, gaiety'; şer (seer) ‘catiuo, danoso’ 55 r. - cf.: şer ‘ 1. evil. 2. bad, wicked’; şerbet (scerbet) ‘beuanda dolce’ 45 r. - cf.: şerbet ‘sweet fruit drink'; şerh olunmak (seer olunmak) 206 I.75 şeriat (scerjiat) ‘sentencia’ 223 1. - cf: şeriat ‘canonical law, law code’; şerif (scerif) ‘comandamente della legge’ 68 r. - cf.: şerif ‘noble; descended from Mohammad; (formerly) the title of governor of Mecca’; şerik (scericc) ‘compagno in una cosa" 65 I. - cf.: şerik ‘partner, shareholder’; şermesar olmak (scermesar olmak) ‘vergognarsi’ 249 r. - cf: şermsar ‘ashamed, bashful’; şeş (scesc) ‘6’ 265 1. - cf.: şeş ‘six’; şeşhane (sceschane) ‘cetera da sonare’76 59 I. - cf.: şeşhane ‘1. rifle, barrel of a gun. 2. anything with six chambers or compartments’; şeşper (scescper) ‘mazz’ 159 r. - cf.: şeşper ‘mace or battle-axe with six edges, halberd’; şeta (sceta) ‘freddo grande’ 112 r. - cf.: şita ‘winter’; şetaret (scetaret) ‘alegria, contentessa’ 29 1. - cf.: şetaret ‘merriment, gaiety, cheerfulness’; 75 There is no Italian commentary for this verb. 76 The meaning given in the analysed source differs from the one which is widely known in other, both historical and contemporary sources. Part II - Dictionary 139 şetim (scetim) ‘inguria’ 136 r. - cf.: şetim, şetm ‘abuse, invective’; şetim itmek (scetim itmece) ‘ingiuriare, dir uilania’ 136 r. - cf.: şetmetmek ‘to revile, abuse’; Şeval (sceual) ‘Decembre’ 269 I. - cf.: Şevval ‘name of the tenth month of the Muslim calendar’; şevket tutmak (sceuccet tutmak) ‘entrare in autorita, grandezza eredito’ 95 1. - cf.: şevket ‘1. imperial majesty and pomp. 2. might, power’; şey (sceji) ‘cosa in generale’ 68 1. - cf.: şey ‘thing’; şeyh (scejigh) ’96 I. - There is no Italian commentary for this word. şıkmak (sciccmak) ‘cagare’ 54 1. - cf. perhaps: sikmek 'vulg. I. to have sexual intercourse. 2. to ruin, to injure seriously; to deceive’; şidet (scidet) ‘iremissibile, inaudita cosa’ 142 1. - cf.: şiddet ‘great hardship, afflic­ tion’; şifa (scifa) ‘sano’ 216 r. - cf.: şifa ‘restoring to health, restoration; recovery’; şifalık (scifalik) ’sanita’ 217 r. - cf.: şifa-, şiir (scihir) ‘poesia’ 195 1. - cf.: şiir ‘poetry, poem, verse’; şikayet (sciccajiet) ‘lamentatione’ 143 I., şikayet (sciccajiet) ‘querella’ 204 1. - cf.: şikâyet ‘complaining’; şikest olur (sciccest olur) ‘esser infermo’ 98 I. - cf.: şikest ‘broken, impaired’; şimal (scimal) ‘tramontana’ 269 r., 244 I. - cf.: şimal ‘the north’; şimdi (scimdi) ‘adesso’ 25 1., şimdi (scimdi) ‘hora, adesso’ 127 r. - cf.: şimdi ‘now, at present’; şimdigi halde (scimdigi halde) ‘in questo tempo’ 136 r. - cf.: şimdi ‘the present, now’; şimşek (scimscecc) ‘lamppo’ 144 r. - cf.: şimşek ‘lightning, a flash of lightning’; şiş (seise) ‘vaso di uetro’ 246 r. - cf.: şişe ‘ 1. bottle, flask. 2. cupping glass’; şişe (scisce) ‘ventosa’ 249 1. - cf: şişe ' 1. bottle. 2. cupping glass'; şişmek (sciscmecc) ‘enfiare, gonfiare’ 95 1., şişmek (siscmecc) ‘gonfiare, enfiare’ 119 1. - cf.: şişmek ‘to swell, to become inflated, to grow fat’; şive (sciue) 'ritroso, schiuo’ 213 r. - This word is not recorded in other Turkish sources. şorba (scorba) ‘minestra’ 163 I. - cf.: şorba = çorba ‘soup’; şu (scu) ‘questo’ 204 I. - cf. şu ‘this, that’; şuara (scuhara) ‘poeta’ 195 I. - cf.: şuara ‘pl. of şair'-, şukadar (scukadar) ‘quanto, questo' 203 I. - cf: şu kadar ‘so much, so many'; şum (scum) ‘disgratiato, suenturato’ 83 r. - cf.: şûm ‘I. inauspiciousness; evil omen’; 140 Part II-Dictionary şume (scume) ‘inuano’ 134 I. - see: same; şuncileyn (scungilein) ‘simile, egual’ 228 r. -şuncalayın ‘like that’; şunı (scuni) ‘questo’ 204 1. - cf.: Ace. of jw ‘this, that"; şuraye (scurajie) ‘sino â questo luogo’ 228 1. - cf.: Dat. of şura ‘this place, that place’; şurb itmek (scurb itmece) ‘beuere’ 44 1. - cf.: şürb ‘drinking’; şüb|h|e (scube) ‘dubio, sospetto' 89 1. - cf.: şübhe = şüphe ‘doubt, suspicion’; şüb|h|alenmek (scubalenmecc) ‘dubitare’ 89 I. - cf.: şüphelenmek ‘to have a sus­ picion, to suspect’; şükür (scuccur) ‘laude, gratie â Dio’ 144 r. - cf.: şükür ‘thanking, giving thanks’; şüru itmek (scuruh itmece) ‘cominciare’ 65 1. - cf.: şüru etmek ‘to commence, to make a beginning’; şüyle (scujile) ‘cosi inquesto modo‘ 65 I. - cf.: şöyle ‘in that manner, just’. Ta (ta) ‘â, sino’ 25 r. - cf.: ta ‘even, until, even onto’; ta’am (taham) ‘vivanda, cibo’ 251 1. - cf.: taam ’food, meal’; taan ider (tahan ider) ‘rinfaciare’ 213 r. - cf.: taan ‘habitually censorious, eviltongued’; I. tabak (tabak) ‘piatto cauo’ 192 r. - cf.: tabak ‘plate, dish"; II. tabak (tabak) ‘foglio di carta’ 110 I. - cf.: tabak ‘sheet, layer’; III. tabak (tabak) ‘pelacano’ 189 r. - cf.: tabak ‘tanner’; tabılhane (tabii hane) ‘luogo doue si sona il tamburo’ 149 1. - cf.: tablhane 'Ott. hist. 1. military band of the Sultan’s palace. 2. band (music, a group of musi­ cians), concert of drums’; tabi olur (tabih olur) ‘obidire’ 174 1. - cf.: tabi olmak ‘ 1. to follow, to be a follow­ er. 2. To depend (on)’; tabib (tabib) ‘dottore, medico’ 85 I. - cf.: tabib = tabip ‘physician, doctor’; tabla (tabla) ‘basia di legno’ 42 1. - cf.: tabla ‘a circular tray; ashtray; flat disk’; Part II - Dictionary 141 tabut (tabut) ‘cassa da morto’ 54 r. - cf.: tabut ‘coffin’; tabye (tabjie) ‘trinciera di terra’ 244 r., tabye (tabjie) ‘terra pieno’ 240 1. - cf.: tabya, tabye ‘bastion, fort, redoubt’; tac (tag) ‘corona reale’ 66 1., tac (tag) ‘girlando corona reale’ 118 I. - cf: tac = taç ‘crown’; tacil (tagjil) ‘prestarmte con diligenza’ 199 r. - cf: tacil ‘making haste, urging to hurry’; ta|h|re (tare) ‘falceda potar le uiti’ 102 1. - cf.: tahra ‘pruning hook, reaping sick­ le’; ta|h|rir (tarir) scrittura’ 219 1. - cf: tahrir ‘writing’; ta|h|rir ider (tarir ider) scriuere’ 219 1. - cf.: tahrir etmek ‘to set down in writing, to write’; ta|h|sin (tassin) ‘atonita’ 38 1. - cf.: tahsin "approbation, admiration’; tahsil (thasil) ‘riscotimento di denari’ 212 r. - cf.: tehsil ‘collecting (money)’; tahvil name (thauil name) ‘letera di poseso comandatoria al. uacanzza di un timar che si dia ad un altro’ 145 1. - cf: tahvil ‘1. transforming, converting, conver­ sion. 2. draft, commercial bill'; takat (takat) forza’ 115 1. - cf: takat ‘strength, power’; takdir (takdir) ‘destino, fato’ 79 r. - cf: takdir ‘God’s preordaining; predestina­ tion, fate’; takım (taccim) ‘dimodo che' 82 r., takım (taccim) ‘sintanto che’ 228 r. - cf: takım ‘a set, lot, or number of (things)’; takmak (takmak) ‘fottere’ 109 I., takmak (takmak) ‘metier una cosa dentro un altra’ 161 1. - cf.: takmak "to affix, attach, append’; takrir itmek (takrir itmek) 169 r77 taksim itmek (taksim itmece) "istribuire’78 81 I. - cf. taksim etmek ‘to divide into parts’; takt (takt) ‘sedia reale’ 223 r. - taht "throne, sovereign’s throne’; takta (takta) ‘tauola’ 239 r. - cf.: tahta ‘anything made of boards with a flat sur­ face’; talak (talak) ‘milza’ 163 1. - cf: talak = dalak ‘spleen’; talan ider (talan ider) ‘depredare’ 79 r., talan ider (talan ider) ‘scorere, depredare' 221 r. - cf: talan etmek ‘to plunder’; talas (talas) onda di mare’ 178 I. - cf.: talas = talaz ‘foaming wave'; 77 No commentary is given for this form. 78 The Italian explanation of the verb taksim etmek seems to be incorrect. Maybe it should be "distribuiré". Part II - Dictionary 142 tali (thali) ‘ricolto anuale’ 212 r. - No records in contemporary dictionaries. Cf. Meninski’s record: tali', vulg. talih ‘oriens, prodiens, efferens, sue quod oritur, etc." Men. 11 3075; talih (talhi) 'tortuna, destino’ 1 10 r. - cf.: tali = talih ‘good fortune, luck'; tama ider (tama ider) ‘hauer uoglia, ingordigia’ 125 r. - cf.: tama etmek ‘to covet, to desire’; tapmak (tapmak) ‘adorare' 25 1. - cf.: tapmak ‘to worship, to bow down before'; tarac ider (tarag ider) ‘depredare’ 79 r. - cf.: tarac etmek ‘to pillage, to plunder’; tarafe (tarafe) ‘parte, banda" 42 1., 184 1. - cf.: taraf ‘side'; tarak (tarak) ‘petine’ 189 r. - cf.: tarak ‘comb’; taramak (taramak) ‘petinare’ 189 r. - cf.: taramak ‘to comb’; taranci (tarancci) ‘naue da carico’ 169 r. - No such word in other Turkish diction­ aries. taraşlamak (tarasclamak) ‘depredare’ 79 r. - cf.: taras ‘loot, booty’; tarbozan (tarbozan) ‘balaustro di paggiuoli 42 1. - cf. perhaps from târ ‘thread, string’; tareki (tareki) ‘augumento di paga’ 39 I. - cf. perhaps: tarh ‘imposing a tax, impo­ sition’; tartı (tarti) ‘bilancia’ 45 1. - cf.: tartı ‘weighing, weight, balance’; tartmak (tartmak) ‘pesare, ponderare’ 189 r., tartmak (tartmak) ‘ponderare’ 196 r. - cf.: tartmak ‘to weigh’; tas (tass) ‘scudela di rame' 219 1. - cf.: tas ‘cup or bowl with a rounded bottom’; tasa (tassa) ‘malenconia, afanno’ 158 1. - cf.: tasa ‘anxiety, care; grief; tasalanmak (tasalanmak) ‘affligersi’ 26 I., tasalanmak (tasalenmak) ‘diuentar malinconico’ 82 1. - cf.: tasalanmak ‘to become sad from anxiety or regret; to worry’; tasalı (tassali) ‘afflitto’ 26 I. - cf.: tasalı ‘anxious and sorrowing; worried’; tasdik ider (tasdik ider) ‘certificare, affirmare’ 59 1. - cf.: tasdik etmek ‘to confirm, affirm’; tasımlamak (tassimlemak) ‘pigliar la misura' 192 r. - cf.: tasımlamak ‘to esti­ mate’; taslak (taslak) ‘imperfetto’ 131 1., taslak (taslak) ‘rozo non polito’ 214 r. - cf.: taslak ‘anything in the rough, not yet perfected"; tasma (tassma) ‘coreggia di corame’ 66 1. - cf.: tasma ‘collar (of a dog), strap (of clogs)q; tastaman (tasstaman) ‘giustamente, afatto" 118 1. - cf.: tastamam ‘complete; per­ fect’; tasvir (tasuir) ‘dissegno di una figura petura’ 82 1. - cf.: tasvir ‘picture; design’; Part II-Dictionary 143 taşak (tascak) ‘coglione’ 69 r. - cf.: taşak 'testicle’; taşıtmak (tascitmak) ‘far portare’ 103 I. - cf.: taşıtmak caus. of taşımak ‘to carry, to transport’; tatmak (tatmak) ‘gustare’ 123 1. - cf.: tatmak ‘to taste, to try’; taun (tahun) ‘peste’ 189 r. - cf.: taun ‘pest, plaque’; tava (taua) ‘padella’ 184 1. - cf.: tava ‘frying pan’; tavar (tauar) ‘animate quadrapedo’ 33 r., tavar (tauar) ‘bestiame’ 45 r. - cf.: davar ‘sheep or goats’; tavil (taujil) ‘longo’ 148 I. - cf.: tavil ‘long; tali’; ta|v|uk (tauk) ‘galina’ 115 I. - cf.: tavuk ‘hen’; tay (taji) ‘poledro’ 195 r. - cf.: tay ‘colt’; ta’yın (thajin) ‘prouisione ordinata’ 198 1. - cf.: tayın ‘ration, small loaf issued to soldiers’; taze (taze) ‘fresco’ 1 12 r. - cf.: taze ‘fresh"; tazelenmek (tazelenmece) ‘rinfrescare, rinouare’ 212 r. - cf.: tazelemek ‘to renew, to freshen up’; tazi (tazi) ‘lepriero’ 145 I. - cf.: tazı ‘greyhound’; tazim (tazim) ‘honore’ 127 r. - cf.: ta 'zim ‘honouring, reverencing and respecting’; teaciiblik (teagiublik) ‘merauiglia’ 161 I. - cf.: taacciib ‘marvelling, being aston­ ished’; teahiid (teahud) ‘promessa’ 199 r. - cf.: taahııd ‘an undertaking, engaging to do something; obligation’; tealuk (tealuk) ‘parente’ 184 r.; - cf. taalluk ‘being or becoming related to or con­ nected with; connection, relation’; tealukat (tehalukat) ‘congiontione, amicitia’ 67 r., tealukat (tealukat) ‘parentella" 184 I. - cf.: taallukat ‘relations; family connections’; tealül itmek (tealul itmece) ‘far resistenza’ 102 r. - cf.: taallill ‘seeking a pretext or excuse for avoiding something’; teayür itmek (teajiur itmece) ‘pensare’ 187 I. -The form teayiir is probably de­ formed and, therefore, it is difficult to identify this verb. tebarek (tebarecc) ‘benedetto’ 44 I., tebarek (tebarecc) ‘felice’ 106 r. - cf.: tebareke ‘(God) be blessed"; tebareke (tebarecce) ‘fortunato, prestante’ 109 1. - cf.: tebareke ‘(God) be blessed’; teber (teber) ‘manaia curua’ 158 r. - cf: teber 'ax; hatchet’; tebdil ider (tebdil ider) ‘cambiare, mutare" 54 r., tebdil ider (tebdil ider) ‘mutare, canbiare’ 168 r. - cf.: tebdil etmek ‘to change, to alter"; 144 Part II - Dictionary tebiat (tebjihat) ‘apetito, desiderio’ 98 r. - cf.: tabiat ‘1. nature. 2. disposition. 3. natural, refined taste’; tecal (tegial) ‘Anticristo’ 32 1. - cf.: Teccâl ‘antichrist; impostor'; tecribe ider (tegribe ider) ‘far proua’ 102 r. - cf.: tecrübe etmek ‘to try, to test'; tedariik (tedarucc) ‘ordine’ 180 r. - cf.: tedarük = tedarik ‘preparing, procuring or getting together any needful thing; preparation'; tedarük itmek (tedarucc itmece) ‘ordinare’ 180 r. - cf.: tedarik etmek ‘to procure, to obtain, to prepare’; tedariiksiz (tedaruccsis) ‘disordinato' 82 r. - cf.: tedarik + suffix -si: ‘without’; tedbir (tedbir) ‘ordine' 180 r. - cf.: tedbir ' 1. plan, measure. 2.course of action'; tedris ider (tedris ider) ‘insegnare’ 133 r. - cf.: tedris etmek ‘to teach by lesson"; tefarik (tefarik) ‘biancheria di bombase chi uien d'India' 45 I. - No record of this word in contemporary sources. However, in Meninski’s Dictionary, one can read: tefaryk, vul. teföruk ‘cimelia, raritates, seu res pretiosae donatu dignae" Men. I 1276; tefekkür (teffeccur) ‘pensiero' 187 r. - cf.: tefekkür ‘thinking, reflecting, ponder­ ing; reflection meditation, thought'; teferiic gitmek (teferug itmece) ‘andar â spasso â diporto’ 32 r. - cf.: teferrüc ‘strolling for pleasure; pleasure trip’; tefrik itmek (tefrik itmece) ‘diuidere, spartire â ciascuno la sua portione’ 82 r. cf.: tefrik etmek ‘to separate'; teftiş ider (teftişe ider) ‘interogare’ 134 r., teftiş ider (teftişe ider) ‘render conto di administratione’ 208 1. - cf.: teftiş etmek ‘to inspect’; tegir (teghir) ‘permutatione' 187 1. - cf.: tağyir ‘change, deterioration’; tegsil ider (teghsil ider) ‘lauare’ 143 1. - cf.: tağsil ‘washing oneself with extra care’; tehabir ider (tehabir ider) ‘interpretare’ 134 r. - cf. perhaps: tahabbür ‘being ac­ quainted with; knowing well’; tehalay (tehalai) ‘altissimo" 29 r. - cf.: taali ‘being or becoming high or elevated; highness’; te|h]alüf (tealuf) ‘mancatore’ 158 r. - cf.: tahalliif ‘differing, not being consistent; fluctuating’; te|h|alüf ider (tealuf ider) ‘mancare’ 158 r. - cf.: tekalif etmek ‘to differ from one another, to vary; tehayür (tehajiur) ‘pensiero' 187 r. - cf.: tahayyür ‘being dazzled, being amazed, bewildered, perplexed’; te|h|i (teji) ‘voto, uacuo’ 256 1. - cf.: tehi ‘1. empty. 2. void of weight’; te|h|idest (tejidest) ‘mani uote' 158 1. - cf.: tehidest ‘1. poor. 2. avaricious’; Part II - Dictionary 145 te|h|lüke (telucce) ‘pericolo, riscco’ 188 r. - cf.: tehlike ‘danger’; tek (tecc) ‘solo’ 231 r. - cf.: tek ‘a single thing’; tekarib olmak (tekarib olmak) ‘aprossimarsi â un sigre’ 98 r. - cf.: takarrüb etmek ‘to approach’; tekaiid iitiirmak (tekaud uturmak) ‘riposarsi fuor d’officio con ricompensa’ 212 r. -cf.: tekaüt ‘retirement, pension. 2. retired, pensioned’; tekbir getürmek (tekbir geturmecc) ‘inuocar il nome di Dio alia, alia, alia’ 134 1.— cf.: tekbir getirmek ‘to pronounce the formula ‘Allahu ekber”; tekebür olur (teccebur olur) ‘insuperbirsi’ 134 1. - cf.: tekebbür etmek ‘to be haughty, to give oneself airs’; tekeliflenmek (tecceliflenmecc) ‘far ceremonie et instanza’ 102 r. - cf.: tekellüf ‘ceremoniousness, formality’; tekelüm (teccelum) ‘parlamento’ 184 I. - cf.: tekellüm ‘speaking, talking’; tekerlek (teccerlecc) ‘rota’ 214 r. - cf.: tekerlek ‘wheel (of a vehicle)'; tekerlemek (teccerlemecc) ‘ruciolare’ 215 1. - cf.: tekerlemek ‘to roll’; tekerlenmek (teccerlenmecc) ‘ruciolare’ 215 1. - cf.: tekerlenmek ‘to roll round’; teklif ider (tecclif ider) ‘inuitare’ 134 I. - cf.: teklif etmek ‘to propose, to offer for­ mally’; tekrim (teccrim) ‘osseruantia, honore’ 180 1. - cf.: tekrim ‘treating with respect, honouring’; tekrimat (teccrimat) ‘osseruantia, honore’ 180 I. - cf.: tekrimât ‘reverences, hon­ ours’; tekmil (teccmil) ‘complimento’ 67 r. - cf: tekmil ‘1. all, the whole of. 2. complet­ ing or perfecting’: tekrar (teccrar) ‘vn altra uolta’ 254 1. - cf.: tekrar ‘repeating, repetition’; tekye (teccjie) ‘conuento, monastiro di santoni’ 67 r. - cf.: tekye = tekke ‘dervish lodge’; tel (tel) ‘filo d'oro’ 107 1. - cf.: tel ‘1. wire, fiber. 2. silver or gold thread used to decorate a bride’s hair’; telbis (telbis) ‘falsita’ 102 1. - cf.: telbis ‘misrepresenting; cheating, deceiving’; telbis itmek (telbis itmece) ‘falsificare’ 102 1. - cf.: telbislemek ‘to misrepresent, to deceive’; telef itmek (telef itmece) ‘persere, amitere’ 187 I. - cf.: telef etmek ‘to destroy, to ruin’; teleme (teleme) ‘formaggio fresco’ 109 1. - cf.: teleme ‘a kind of unsalted cheese’; temam olmak (temam olmak) ‘fınire’ 108 r. - cf.: tamam olmak ‘to be completed, finished, ended’; Part II-Dictionary 146 temcid (temgid) ‘aurora’79 268 r. - cf.: temcid ‘canticle intoned from minarets be­ fore dawn’; temel (temel) ‘fondamento di fabrica' 109 I. - cf.: temel ‘foundation, base'; temena itmek (temena itmece) ‘pregare, suplicare' 199 r. - cf.: temenna etmek ‘to salute’; temeriid (temerud) ‘pertinace, ostinato’ 188 r. - cf.: temerriid ‘being perversely obstinate; obstinacy’; temesiik (temessucc) ‘ricenta’ 212 r., temesük (temesucc) ‘sarittara publica' 219 1. - There is no such word recorded in other Turkish sources. temeyiiz (temejiuz) ‘eletione’ 94 r. - cf.: temeyyUz ‘being distinguished; distinc­ tion’; temeyüz itmek (temejiuz itmece) ‘elegere' 94 r. - cf.: temeyyüz etmek ‘to become distinguished or distinct’; temiz itmek (temis itmece) ‘polire’ 194 I. - cf.: temizlemek ‘to clean; to clean up’; temmet (temmet) ‘fine d'un negotio’ 108 r. - cf.: temme, temmet ‘the end’; temreki (temrecci) ‘panne della came’ 184 1. - cf. perhaps: temreyi = temriye ‘skin disease, lichen’; temreg (temregn) punta di lancia ö di saeta di ferro' 202 r. - cf.: temren ‘head of an arrow or spear’; temriid (temrud) ‘ostinato, pertinace' 180 I. - cf.: temerriid ‘being perversely ob­ stinate; obstinacy'; ten (ten) ‘corpo’ 67 r. - cf.: ten ‘the body’; tenbel (tenbel) ‘pigro’ 192 r. - cf.: tenbel = tembel ‘lazy, lazy man'; tenbiye itmek (tenbjie itmece) ‘comandare’ 65 r. - cf.: tenbih ‘ordering, com­ manding; order, command’; tencere (tengere) ‘caldara, senza manicho" 54 r. - cf.: tencere ‘saucepan’; tendiiriis|t] (tendurus) ‘sano’ 216 r. - cf.: tendürüst ‘healthy'; tenef (tenef) ‘corde del padiglione’ 67 r. - cf.: rene/’tent-rope'; tevekül itmek (teueccul itmece) ‘confidar in Dio’ 67 r. - cf.: tevekkül etmek ‘to put one’s trust in God’; tepe (tepe) ‘cima della testa’ 62 I., tepe (tepe) ‘cucuzza della testa’ 75 1., tepe (tepe) ‘monticelo, somita’ 165 1. - cf.: tepe ‘1. hill. 2. peak, summit. 3. crown of the head’; tepegen (tepegen) ‘che dâ calci' 61 r. - cf. perhaps: tepeyen part, of tepmek ‘to kick’; tepelemek (tepelemece) ‘amassare’ 31 I. - cf.: tepelemek ‘to knock on the head; to kill’; 79 The meaning given by the author is erroneous. Part II-Dictionary 147 tepesi üzerine (tepessi userine) ‘ostinatam:te con ositanito id testa’ 180 1. - cf.: perhaps: tepesi üstü ‘headfirst, headlong’; tepik (tepicc) ‘calcio’ 54 r. - cf.: tepik ‘kick’; tepme (tepme) ‘calcio’ 54 r. - cf.: tepme ‘kick’; tepmek (tepmece) ‘dar calci’ 77 r. - cf.: tepmek ‘to kick’; tepsi (tepsi) ‘tondo da mangier dentro’ 243 1. - cf.: tepsi ‘small tray’; terazu (terazu) ‘bilancia’ 45 1,- cf.: terazi ‘balance, pair of scales’; terb|i|ye itmek (terbye itmece) ‘amaestrare’ 31 I. - cf.: terbiye etmek ‘to bring up, to educate’; tercüman (tergiuman) ‘interprete’ 134 r. - cf.: tercüman ‘interpreter, translator’; tercümanlık (tergiumanIik) ‘interpretatione’ 134 r. - cf.: tercümanlık ‘the office or profession of interpreter’; tereke (terecce) ‘racolto anuale’ 206 1. - cf.: tereke ‘grain, produce’; terendaz (terendas) ‘giotone’ 118 1. - cf.: tirandaz ‘dexterous, skillful’; teresül itmek (teresul itmece) ‘mandare’ 151 1. - cf.: teressül ‘acting as envoy or messenger’; terg ider (terg ider) ‘lasciare, abandonare’ 143 I., terg ider (terg ider) ‘abandonare’ 21 1. - cf.: terketmek ‘to leave, to abandon’; terkeş (terccess) ‘turcasso’ 245 I. - cf.: terkeş, tirkeş ‘quiver’; terleken (terleccen) ‘chi suda facilmet...80 61 r. - cf.: terleyen part, of terlemek 'to sweat’; termizac (termizag) ‘disdegnoso, chi uâ presto in colera’ 82 r. - cf.: termizac ‘un­ duly touchy or suspicious’; terslik (terslik) ‘lettame’ 145 I. - cf.: terslik ‘being reversed or wrong; contrari­ ness’81; tertib (tertjib) ’ordinatione di cose discordinate’ 180 r. - cf.: tertip ‘arrangement, order; disposition’; terzi (terzi) ‘sartore’ 216 r. - cf.: terzi ‘tailor, dressmaker’; tesadük virmek (tesaduk uirmecc) ‘far elemosina’ 102 r. - cf.: tasadduk ‘a giving of alms’; tesaruf itmek (tesaruf itmece) ‘administrare, adoptare uirsi d’una cosa â suo arbitrio’ 25 r., tesaruf itmek (tesaruf itmece) ‘godere’ 119 I. - cf.: tasarruf etmek ‘ 1. to save, to economize. 2. to possess’; tesela (tessela) ‘consolatione’ 66 I. - cf: tesellâ ‘being consoled’; teselli vermek (teselli uermecc) ‘consolare’ 66 I. - cf.: teselli vermek ‘to console’; 80 The Italian meaning is not complete. 81 The Italian meaning of the word terslik differs from its contemporary/literary meaning. However, the verb terslemek, among others, denotes also ’to dung’. 148 Part II - Dictionary teslim ider (tesslim ider) ‘consignare’ 66 I., teslim ider (tesslim ider) ‘dare, presentare’ 77 r. - cf.: teslim etmek ‘to hand over; to deliver’; teslimat (tesslimat) ‘molte salutationi’ 165 I. - cf.: teslimat ‘salutations’; tespih (tespih) ‘corona da dir l’oratione’ 66 I. - cf.: tespih ‘prayer beads’; testere (testere) segha’ 223 r. - cf.: testere ‘saw’; teşhis ider (tesshis ider) ‘indouinare’ 134 r. - cf.: teşhis etmek ‘to identify, recog­ nize’; teşir olmak (tescir olmak) ‘pigliar il parer d’uno" 192 r. - cf.: teş'ir ‘communi­ cating, making known’; teşviş (tescuisc) ‘confusion di pensieri’ 66 1. - cf.: teşviş ‘confusing or complicat­ ing a matter’; tetvil itmek (tetuil itmece) ‘chiachiarare’ 61 r. - cf.: tatvf~ etmek ‘to prolong’; tevarik (teuarik) ‘historia’ 126 1. - cf.: tevarih ‘histories, books of annals’; tevazu (tevazhu) ‘humiltâ’ 128 1., tevazu (teuazuh) ‘submissione’ 238 r. - cf.: tevazu ‘humbling oneself; humility’; tevbe ider (teube ider) ‘far penitenza’ 102 1., tevbe ider (teube ider) ‘prometer di non far un pecato’ 199 r. - cf.: tövbe etmek ‘to repent and ask God’s for­ giveness’; tevecii|h| ider (teuegiu ider) ‘guardare con grauita intorno' 123 1., tevecü[h] ider (teuegiu ider) ‘incaminarsi’ 134 1. - cf.: teveccüh etmek ‘to turn (towards); to turn one’s attention (to); to face; tevekiif olmak (teuekuf olmak) ‘fermarsi, tratenersi cosa quasi principiata" 106 r. cf.: tevkif etmek ‘to detain, to arrest, to stop’; tevekül itmek (teueccul itmece) ‘racomandarsi â Dio" 206 1. - cf.: tevekkül etmek ‘to put one's trust in God’; tevliyet (teuljiet) ‘adosinistartare di beni di chiesa' 25 1. - cf.: tevliyet ‘appointment of a mütevelli’; teybent (tejibnet) ‘cordone di seta col qual si cinge’ 67 r. - There is no such word in other Turkish sources. tez (tez) ‘presto in freta’ 198 1. - cf. tez ‘quick'; tezaru (tezaruh) ‘intercesione’ 134 r. - cf.: tazarru ‘humbling oneself in prayer. 2. supplication; tezaru itmek (tezaruh itmece) ‘intercederé" 134 r. - cf.: tazarru etmek ‘to beg humbly’; teze (teze) - see: táze ‘fresh, new';* 82 According to the Turkish sources this word is also used in the phrase tatvili kelam ’being talkative or contentious, speaking too much’. Part II-Dictionary 149 tezellüm (tezellum) ‘lamentatione’ 143 1. - cf.: tazallüm ‘to complain of an injus­ tice’; tezgâr olmak (tezgiar olmak) ‘replicare’ 208 1., tezgâr olmak (tezgiar olmak) ‘rimemorare’ 212 r. - cf.: tezkâr etmek ’to call to mind, to mention'; tezgi (tezgie) ‘presto in freta’ 198 I. - cf.: tez ‘quick’; tezkire (tezccire) ‘polizza’ 195 r. - cf.: tezkere ‘official certificate or receipt’; tezmizac (tezmizag) ‘homo uolubile’ 127 r., tezmizac (tezmizag) ‘volubile’ 256 1. - cf.: tizmizac ‘hasty, irritable’; tezvic eylemek (tezuig eilemecc) ’amogliare, acopulare insieme’ 31 1. - cf.: tezvic etmek ‘to unite in matrimony, to cause to marry’; tezv|i|c kılmak (tezug cilemecc) ‘compostione d'affione, copulare in sieme, amogliare’ 66 1. - cf.: tezvic etmek-, tezvir (tezuir) ‘ingano, falsita’ 134 r. - cf.: tezvir ‘falsehood, deceit’; tılısım (tilisim) ‘incanto fatagione’ 136 r. - tılısım ‘talisman, charm, magical spell’; tımar (timar) ‘comenda di entrata’ 67 r. - cf.: tımar ‘any kind of care and attentive service rendered to a helpless or needy man or animal'; tımar ider (timar ider) ‘curare un’amalato’ 75 I. - cf.: tımar etmek ‘to attend to what needs help or care’; tımarhane (tjimarhane) ‘hospital de I pazzarelli’ 127 r. - cf.: tımarhane ‘lunatic asylum’; tınmak (tinmak) ‘esser secreto’ 98 I. - cf.: tınmak ‘to disclose, to inform; to notice; to make a sound’83; tırmalamak (tirmalamak) ‘grafignare’ 120 1. - cf.: tırmalamak ‘to scratch"; tırnak (tirnak) ‘vngia’ 254 1. - cf.: tırnak ‘fingernail"; ticaret ider (tigiaret ider) ‘far mercantia’ 102 r. - cf.: ticaret etmek ' 1. to engage in commerce. 2. to earn"; tiftik (tifticc) ‘pelo del capreto p[er] far zambeloto" 187 1. - cf.: tiftik i 1. mohair. 2. fine, soft wool"; tilki (tilcci) ‘volpe’ 256 1. - cf.: tilki ‘fox’; timsah (timsha) ‘cocodrilo’ 67 r. - cf.: timsah ‘crocodile’; tiryaki (tirjiacci) ‘magniatore di affine’ 158 r. - cf.: tiryaki ‘addicted to alcohol, tobacco, opium, etc.; addict’; tis’a (tisha) ‘9’ 265 1. - cf.: tis 'a ‘nine’; tisa haşere (tisha hascere) ‘19’ 266 r. - cf. tis 'a ‘nine’ + aşîr ‘a tenth, tenth part"; tisa ve hişrin (tisha ue hiscrin) ‘29’ 266 I. - cf.: tis 'a ‘nine" + işrîn ‘twenty"; 83 The contemporary meaning of this verb is totally opposite to the one presented in this Italian source. 150 Part II - Dictionary tisin (tishin) ‘90‘ 266 I. - cf.: tis ’in ‘ninety"; titremek (titremece) ‘tremare' 244 r. - cf.: titremek ‘to tremble’; top (top) ‘artigliera’ 36 r.. top (topi) ‘petriero’ 189 r. - cf.: top ‘ 1. collected togeth­ er; in mass; a whole. 2. ball. 3. gun; artillery’; top oti (top otji) ‘poluere da archibuggio’ 195 r. - cf.: top otu ‘charge of powder for a cannon’; topci (topgi) bombardiero’ 47 I. - cf.: topçu ‘artilleryman; gunner’; topuk (topuk) ‘nosella del piede’ 172 1. - cf.: topuk ‘1. heel. 2. heel (of a shoe).3. fetlock’; torba (torba) ‘sachetta’ 216 r. - cf. torba ‘bag’; toz (tos) ‘poluere’ 195 r. - cf.: toz ‘dust; powder’; traş itmek (tras itmece) ‘radere’ 206 I. - cf.: tıraş etmek ‘to shave’; tuc (tug) ‘bronzo’ 50 r. - cf.: tuç = tunç ‘bronze’; tufan (tuffan) ‘diluuio, abondanza di pioggia’ 83 I. - cf.: tufan ‘flood; violent rain­ storm’; tuğ (tugh) ‘bandiera di pelo di cauallo p[er] Beiglerbei" 41 1. - cf.: tuğ, 'Ott. hist. horsetail attached to helmet or flagstaff as a sign of rank’; tuğla (tughla) ‘mattoni p[er] li matonato’ 158 I. - cf.: tuğla ‘brick’; tuğra, tuğrayı (tughra, tughraji) ‘inscritione, sengno posto sopra gl’emer’ 134 r. - cf.: tuğra ‘Ott. hist, the Sultan’s monogram; the imperial signature’; tuhfe (thufe) ‘cosa galante, preciosa stemata' 66 I. - cf.: tuhfe ‘1. gift, present. 2. a rare thing worthy of being presented’; tulfe (tulfe) ‘celata’ 59 1. - cf.: tolga ‘helmet’; tulum (tulum) ‘otrio’ 182 I. - cf.: tulum ‘skin made into a bag (to hold water etc.); tuman (tuman) ‘sotto calce’ 231 r. - The meaning given by the Italian author is obscure. tumbaz (tumbas) ‘naue da ponte" 169 r. - cf.: tombaz ‘a kind of flat-bottomed, undecked barge or lighter’; tuparlamak (tuparlamak) ‘voltar’ 256 I. - cf. toparlamak ‘to collect together; to roll up’; tuprağ (tupragh) ‘terra’ 240 I. - cf.: toprak ‘earth, soil’; turab (turab) ‘terra’ 268 I. - cf.: turab = turab ‘earth, dust’; turfanda (turfanda) ‘nouelitia’ 172 r. - cf.: turfanda ‘1. early fruit or vegetable. 2. novice, new’;' turna (turna) ‘airone’ 28 1. - cf.: turna ‘crane’; turpan (turpan) falce da segare il fieno’ 102 r. - cf.: tırpan ‘scythe’; turşı (tursci) ‘composta in aceto’ 67 r. - cf.: turşu ‘pickle’; Part II - Dictionary 151 turup (turup) ‘rauanello’ 206 I. - cf.: turp ‘radish’; turva (turua) ‘sachetta’ 216 r. - cf.: torba 'bag'; tutkal (tutkal) ‘cola da legno’ 67 r. - cf.: tutkal ‘glue’; tutmak (tutmak) ‘pigliare’ 191 1. - cf.: tutmak ‘to hold; to catch’;. tutsak (tutscak84 ) ‘priggioniero’ 198 r. - cf.: tutsak ‘captive, prisoner of war’; tutuşmak (tutuscmak) ‘apiciare il foco’ 97 1., tutuşmak (tutuscmak) ‘apigliarsi in sieme’ 98 r. - cf.: tutuşmak ‘ 1. to catch hold of one another. 2. to catch fire, to bum’; tuvana (tuuana) galiardo potente’ 115 I. - cf.: tuvana ’strong, mighty, powerful; tuz (tuz) ‘sale’ 216 r. - cf.: tuz ‘salt’; tuzlamak (tuşlamak) ‘salare’ 216 1. - cf.: tuzlamak ‘to salt’; tuzlanmak (tuzlanmak) ‘salare’ 216 1. - cf: tuzlanmak ’to be salted’; tuzlu (tuzlu) ‘salato’ 216 r. - cf.: tuzlu ‘salted, salty’; tuzsız (tuzsiz) ‘insipido’ 134 1. - cf.: tuzsuz i 1. saltless. 2. insipid'; tiicar (tugiar) ‘mercante’ 161 r. - cf.: tüccar ‘merchant'; tiifenk (tufencc) ‘arihibuggio’ 35 1. - cf.: tüfek, tüfenk ‘gun, rifle'; tiifenkci (tufenccgi) ‘arihibuggiero’ 35 I. - cf.: tüfekçi ‘gunmaker'; tülbent (tülbent) ‘trubante’ 245 r. - cf. tülbent ‘muslin; gauze"; tümet (tumet) ‘sceleraggine’ 220 r. - It is difficult to identify the word judging only by the meaning given by the author. türbe (türbe) ‘sepolcro grande’ 223 r. - cf.: türbe ‘tomb, grave'; türki (turcci) ‘canzzone, bazzeletta’ 54 r. - cf.: türkü ‘folk song"; ‘dar in dietro’ 77 r., tüskürmek (tusccurmecc) ‘rispingere e ritirarsi fugendo’ 212 r. - cf.: tüskürmek ' 1. to back a horse. 2. to repulse (an enemy)’; tüskürmek (tusccurmecc) tütün (tutun) ‘fumo’ 113 1. - cf.: tütün ‘ 1. tobacco. 2. smoke"; tüy (tuji) ’piuma' 192 r. - cf.: tüy ’1. feather. 2. hair’. 84 In Arabic script this word has the d letter in the initial position. Part II - Dictionary 152 u Ubute (ubute) ‘padre' 184 r. - cf.: ubud pl of abd = abit i 1. servant. 2. slave’; uc (ug) ‘bei della frontiera" 44 1., uc (ugi) ‘punta' 202 r. - cf. uc ‘tip, point"; uc itmek (ug itmece) ‘far la punta" 101 1. - cf.: uc ‘tip, point; end"; uc olmak (uhuug olmak) ‘riuscire, diuenire" 213 1. - cf. iic\ ucuz (ugius) ‘buon moreato" 51 I. - cf.: ucuz ‘cheap; low-priced"; uçmak (uccmak) ‘volare" 256 I. - cf: uçmak ‘to fly"; ud ağaç (ud agacc) ‘legno d'aloe’ 146 r. - cf.: ud = öd ağacı ‘agallocum, Indian aloe tree’; ud zeresi, zeri (hud zeresi zeri) ‘fiele" 107 1. - cf.: öd ‘gall" + zeri ‘golden, like gold"; uf (uf) ‘soffio" 231 r. - cf.: ¿¿/’expression of boredom, annoyance or fatigue’; ufak (ufak, uuak) ‘picciolo" 191 I. - cf.: ufak ‘small, little’; ufanmak (ufanmak) ‘rompere in pezzi’ 214 r. - cf.: ufanmak ‘to be broken up into small pieces'; uflamak (uflamak) ‘soffiare’ 231 r. - cf.: üflemek ‘to blow, to puff; uğlan (ughlan) ‘fanciuolo’ 101 I., uğlan (ughlan) ‘giouene fatto’ 118 r. - cf.: oğlan ’boy; youth’; uğlancık (ughlangik)‘fanciulino’ 101 I. - cf.: oğlancık ‘little boy’; uğraşmak (ugrascmak) ‘combatere insieme’ 651. - cf: uğraşmak ‘to fight with one another, to struggle’; uğur (ughur) ‘ventura" 249 r. - cf.: uğur ‘good omen, good luck’; uğuz (ughuz) ‘semplice, grossolane’ 222 1. - cf.: oğuz ‘archaic pure of heart and mind; simple’; uhade eylemek (uhade ejilemek) ‘prometere, destinar un tempo’ 200 I. - cf. per­ haps: uhud pl. of ahid ‘oath; promise; pact"; uhuvet (uchuuet) ‘fratelanza" 112 r. - cf.: uhhuvet ‘brotherly feeling, brotherhood"; ulak (ulak) ‘corriöro" 65 1. - cf.: ulak ‘courier, messenger’; ulaşmak (ulascmak) ‘acarezare, blandire’ 23 1. - cf.: ulaşmak ‘to come into contact with; to meet’; ulu (ulu) ‘grande in dognita in nobilta" 120 1. - cf.: ulu ‘great; large"; ulufe (hulufe) ‘paga, stipendio" 185 1. - cf.: ulûfe ‘provender’; Part II - Dictionary 153 ululuk (ululuk) ‘grandezza’ 120 I. - cf.: ululuk ‘greatness; eminence"; ulum (hulum) ‘dottissimo’ 86 r. - cf.: ulûm pl. of ilm ‘sciences’; ulumat, ulumet (hulumat, hulumet) ‘dottrina’ 86 r. - cf.: ulûm', uman (human) ‘pelago’ 189 I. - cf.: umman ‘ 1.ocean. 2. the Indian Ocean’; umi (umi) ‘populazzo ignorante’ 194 I. - cf.: umum ‘1. universal, all. 2. people in general’; unutmak (onutmak) ‘scordarsi’ 219 I. - cf.: unutmak ‘to forget’; urdi (urdi) ‘vivandieri’85 25 1 r. - cf.: ordu ‘army, army corps’; urgan (urghan) ‘corda’ 65 I. - cf.: urgan ‘stout rope, rope’; urmak (urmak) ‘battere’ 41 I. - cf.: vurmak ‘to strike, to hit’; urtmak (urtmak) ‘coprire’ 65 1. - cf.: örtmek ‘to cover’; uryan (hurjian) ‘nudo’ 173 1. - cf.: üryan, üryan ‘naked; bare’; usanmak (ossanmak) ‘satiarsi di qualche cosa’ 216 r. - cf.: usanmak ’to be bored or disgusted with’; uslub (uslub) ‘costume, usanza’ 65 I., uslub (uslub) ‘garbato di bello aspetto‘115 I.- cf.: üslüb ‘ 1. manner; form. 2. method, mode’; usta (usta) ‘maestro, perito' 151 I. - cf.: usta ‘master"; ustad (ustad) ‘peritia, magisterio’ 187 r. - cf.: üstad ’master; teacher; expert"; ustura (ustura) ‘rasoio’ 206 I. - cf.: ustura ‘razor’; usul (uzul) ‘virtu modo di far una cosa’ 251 r. - cf.: usul ’method, system; plan’; usul bulmak (usul bulmak) ‘ricapitare’ 213 1. - cf.: usul', uştur (usctur) ‘camelo’ 53 r. - cf.: üştür ‘camel"; utanmak (utanmak) ‘vergognarsi’ 249 r. - cf.: utanmak ’to be ashamed, to feel ashamed"; uturak yiri (uturak jiri) ‘chiappa di culo’ 61 r. - cf: oturak ‘seat, place on which a thing stands (foot, stand, bottom); Utarid (hutarid) ‘Mercurio" 268 I. cf. - Utarid' ‘‘Mercury’; ut ut (ut ut) ‘pupola, ucell’ 202 I. - cf. perhaps: ötmek ‘to sing (referring to birds)’; uyan (ujian) ’briglia wodze’ 50 r. - cf.: oyan ‘bridle with its bit, reins or accesso­ ries’; uyandırmak (ujiandermak) ‘suegliare’ 238 r. - cf.: uyandırmak ‘to awaken"; uydurmak (ujidurmak) ‘acordarsi, aconsentire’ 23 r. - cf.: caus. of uymak ‘to fit; to adapt oneself; to harmonize’; uyku (uiku) ’sonno’ 231 r. - cf: uyku ‘sleep’; 85 The meaning ol'lhe word urdi is ‘camp-follower; sutler’; in present-day Turkish it means only ’camp. army’. 154 Part II - Dictionary uyluk (ijiluk) ‘coscia’ 65 I. - cf.: uyluk ‘thigh’; uyumak (ujiumak) ‘dormire’ 85 I. - cf.: uyumak ‘to sleep’; uyuz (uius) ‘rogna’ 214 r. - cf.: uyuz ‘itch’; uzak (usak) ‘lontano’ 148 1. - cf.: uzak ‘distant, remote’; uzatmak (usatmak) ‘allonghare’ 29 r. - cf.: uzatmak ‘to extend, to stretch out'; uzun (usun) ‘longo’ 148 1. — cf.: uzun ‘long’. Übür geçmek (ubur geccmecc) ‘guazzare un fiume’ 124 r. - cf.: geçmek ‘to pass by, to pass through’; iicince (uginge) ‘in anzi’ 133 1. - cf. perhaps: önce ‘a little in front, first": ücret (ugret) ‘prezzo’ 198 r. - cf.: ücret ‘pay, wage, fee’; üç (ucc) ‘3’ 265 I. - cf.: üç ‘three’; üçincisi (uccingisi) ‘trezo’ 265 r. - cf.: üçüncü ‘third’; ügmek (ugmecc) ‘celebrare, esaltare’ 59 1. - cf.: ögmek = övmek ‘'to praise, to commend’; ügretmek (ughretmek) ‘insegnare’ 133 r. - cf.: öğretmek ‘to teach’; ügüt (ugut) ‘auertimento, consiglia’ 39 I. - cf.: öğüt ‘advice’; ülçi (ulcci) ‘misura’ 163 I. — cf.: ölçü ‘measure’; ülçmek (ulccmecc) ‘misurare’ 163 1. - cf.: ölçmek ‘to measure’; üldügi (uldughi) ‘morte’ 165 1. — cf.: öldüğü ‘the one who died’; üldürmek (uldurmecc) ‘amassare’ 31 I. - cf.: öldürmek ‘to kill’; üleşdürmek (ulescdurmecc) ‘distribuiré’ 81 1. - cf.: üleştirmek ‘to distribute’; üleşmek (ulescmecc) ‘distribuiré’ 81 1. - cf.: üleşmek ‘to divide with one another’; üli (uli) cadauero.’ 53 I. - cf. ölü ‘dead’; ülmek (ulmecc) ‘moriré’ 165 I. - cf.: ölmek ‘to die’; ülür (ulur) ‘moriré’ 165 1. - cf: ölmek ‘to die’; ümet (umet) ‘fideli seguaci d’una legge’ 107 1. - cf.: ümmet ‘community (of the same religion); people, nation’; Part II - Dictionary 155 iipmek (upmecc) ‘basciare’41 I. -cf.: öpmek ‘to kiss’; iirdek (urdecc) ‘anadra domestica’ 32 r. - cf.: ördek ‘duck’; iirmek (urmecc) ‘intreciare’ 133 1. - cf.: örmek ‘to plait, to knit’; iirmek (urmecc) ‘abaiare’ 21 I - cf.: üriımek ‘to bark and howl (of dogs etc.)’; iistinde (ustinde) ‘sopra’ 231 r. - cf.: üstünde ‘on top of it, on’; üşümek (usumecc) ‘tremare’ 244 r. - cf.: üşümek ‘to feel cold, to catch a cold’; ütmek (utmecc) ‘cantar degl’ucceli’ 53 1. - cf.: ötmek ‘to sing (of birds)’; üyke (ujicce) ‘furore colera’ 113 I. - cf.: öyke = öfke ‘anger, rage, wrath’; üykelenmek (ujiccelenmecc) ‘brauare, minacciare’ 50 r. - cf. perhaps: öyke = öfke ‘anger, wrath’, öfkelenmek ‘to get angry’; üyle (ujile) ‘cosi inquesto modo’ 65 I. - cf.: öyle ‘so, in that manner, such, like that’; üyle namazı (ujile namasi) ‘oratione del mezzo di’ 268 r. - cf.: öğle namazı ‘the prayer performed at noon’; üzerine (üzerine) ‘sopra’ 231 r. - cf.: üzerine ‘on to, over'; üzüm (uzum) ‘vua’ 261 1. — cf.: üzüm ‘grape’. V Vafir (uafir) ‘molto quantita’ 166 r. - cf.: vafir ‘many, numerous, much'; vahid (uahid) ‘ 1'265 I. - cf.: vahid ‘one, single’; vahiy (uhaji) ‘inspiratione’ 137 r. - cf.: vahiy ‘divine inspiration’; vaiz (uahiz) ‘predicatore turco’ 200 1. - cf: vaiz ‘one who admonishes, preacher’; vakf (uakf) ‘bene sottoporto alia chiesa’ 44 I. - cf: vakf= vakıf ‘pious foundation’; vakıa: rüyayı, seyirinde vakıa (rujiaji, sejirinde uakiha) ‘interpretatione de sogni, insogno’ 135 I. - cf: vakıa ‘dream, vision’; vakıf olmak (uakif olmak) ‘sapere esser informato’ 216 r. - cf.: vakıf olmak ‘to be aware (of), to be cognizant (of a thing)'; vakt: |h|er vakt (eruakt) ‘sempre continuarmte’ 222 I. - cf.: her vakit ‘always’; valide (ualide) ‘madre’ 1511. - cf.: valide ’mother'; Part 11 - Dictionary 156 vardiyan (uardjian) ‘guardiano’ 123 1. -cf.: vardiyan ‘quarantine guard’; varil (varil) ‘barilo’ 43 r. - cf.: varil ‘barrel’; varile (uarile) ‘tutti’ 245 r. - cf.: var ‘existent, available’ + ile ‘with’; varişi (uarisci) ‘herede’ 126 r. - cf: varis ‘heir, inheritor’; varmak (uarmak) ‘andare’ 32 1. - cf.: varmak ‘go towards, arrive, reach'; varum oğlum (uarum ughlum) ‘figilo unico. solo’ 108 1 - cf.: var ‘there is’ + oğul ‘son’; vasi (uassi) ‘tutore’ 245 r. - cf.: vasi ‘executor, trustee, guardian’; vasiyet (uassjiet) ‘testamento' 241 1. - cf.: vasiyet ‘will, testament'; vatan (uatan) ‘patria’ 185 I. - cf.: vatan ‘motherland’; vatan tutmak (uatan tutmak) ‘patriarsi’ 186 r. - cf.: vatan ‘motherland' + tutmak ‘to hold'; vaz (uhaz) ‘predica’ 200 1. - cf: va’z, vaiz ‘sermon, admonition’; vaz itmek (uaz itmece) ‘predicare’ 200 1. - cf.: vaz 'etmek ‘to admonish, to preach'; vaz olmak (uaz olmak) ‘mettere da parte' 162 r. - cf.: vaz ‘putting down or lay­ ing’; vazgeçmek (uaz geccmecc) ‘non si curar piu d’una cosa’ 172 I. - cf.: vazgeçmek ‘to give up, to cease from’; vefa (uefa)‘gratitudine’ 121 I. - cf.: vefa ‘fidelity, loyalty’; vekar (uekar) ‘aspetto tremendo’ 38 r. - cf.: vekar ‘being staid, calm, dignified, gravity’; veled (ueled) ‘figilo bastardo’ 108 I. - cf.: veled ‘1. bastard; rascal. 2. child; proge­ ny"; velhasıl (uelhassil) ‘inconclosione, in sustanza’ 136 I. - cf.: velhasd ‘in short’; veli nimetiimiiz (uelji nimetumuz) ‘nutritore chi pasce una col cibo’ 173 1. - cf. veli ‘protector, guardian (of a child)’; veresiye virmek (ueresjie uirmecc) ‘dar â credito’ 78 r. - cf: veresiye vermek ‘to sell on credit’; vesika (uescika) ‘lettera publica, instrimento’ 146 I. - cf.: vesika document, title deed’; vesvese (uesuese) ‘fantasia, capricio, instabile’ 104 1. - cf.: vesvese ‘secret fear, anxiety’; vezife (uezife) ‘paga, stipendio’ 185 1. - cf.: vazife ‘1. duty; obligation. 2. salary, pension; school fees’; vezirlik ( uezirlicc) ‘dignita di uezir’ 84 1. - cf.: vezirlik ‘office and duties of a vizier’; vidah (uidah) ‘partimento d’sieme d'amici’ 186 r. - cf.: veda ‘taking leave, fare­ well’; Part II - Dictionary 157 vefat (uefat) "morto’ 166 I. - cf.: vefat ‘death’; ve|h|em (ueem) ‘paura’ 186 r. - cf.: vehim ‘fearing, foreboding’; veraka (ueraka) ‘letera’ 146 1. - cf.: varaka ‘ 1. a single leaf or petal’. 2. letter’; vidah itmek (uidah itmece) ‘far partenza’ 104 1. - cf.: veda etmek ‘to bid farewell to’; vilayet (uilajiet) ‘paese reggione’ 185 r. - cf.: vilayet ‘province governed by a vali’; viran olmak (uiran olmak) ‘distrugere’ 84 1. - cf.: viran ‘devastated, ruined’; vird itmek (uird itmece) ‘legere continuam:te’ 146 I. - cf.: virdetmek ‘to repeat constantly’; virmek (uirmecc) ‘dar’ 78 r. - cf.: vermek ‘to give’; visal olur (uisal olur) ‘trouar cosa che si desidera’ 244 I. - cf.: visal ’meeting, lov­ ers’ union’; vitir (uitir) ‘oratione quando si ua adromire’ 180 I. - cf.: vitir = vitr ‘service of worship performed between night and morning’; vuruf (uuruf) ‘molto quantita’ 166 r. - cf.: vafir ‘many, numerous; much’; vuzaret (uuzaret) ‘dignita di uezir’ 84 1. - cf.: vezaret ’quality, function, the office of vizier’; viiciid (uugud) ‘corpo’ 67 r. - cf.: vücut ‘the human body’; vücüde gelmek (uugude gelmece) ‘nascere, uenir al mondo’ 169 r., vüciide gilmek (uugude gilmecc) ‘venir al mondo, nascere’ 250 1. - cf.: viicuta gelmek ‘to come into existence’. Ya (jia) ‘opure’ 179 r. - cf.: ya ‘either, or’; yadigâr (jiadigiar) ‘gentile, gratioso’ 116 I., yadigâr (jiadigiar)‘gratioso’ 121 I., yadigâr (jiadigiar) ‘elegante’ 94 p. - cf: yadigâr ‘I. keepsake, souvenir. 2. scoundrel, trickster; notorious'; yağ (jiagh) ‘grasso, smalzo’ 121 I., teze yağ (teze jiagh) ‘butiro fresco' 51 I. - cf.: yağ ’ I. oil; fat. 2. butter. 3. grease’; Part II-Dictionary 158 yağı (jiaghi) ‘campo inimico’ 57 r. - cf.: yağı ‘enemy; alien’; yağız (jiaghis) ‘bruno oliuastro’ 50 r. - cf.: yağız ‘1. black (horse). 2. very dark (man)’; yağlamak (jiaghlamak) ‘ungere’ 254 I. - cf.: yağlamak ‘to oil; to grease’; yağlık (jiaghlik) ‘faccioletto picolo da tauola’ 104 I. - cf: yağlık ‘napkin; handker­ chief; yağlu (jiaghlu) ‘grasso, pingius’ 121 I. - cf.: yağlı ‘fat; greasy; oily'; yağma itmek (jiaghma itmece) ‘depredare’ 79 r., yağma itmek (jiaghma itmece) ‘sacheggiare, depredare’ 216 r. -yağma etmek ‘to sack, to plunder'; yağmur (jiaghmur) ‘pioggia’ 191 1. - cf.: yağmur ‘rain’; yahni (jihani) ‘lesso' 146 1. - cf.: yahni ‘meat stewed with onion'; yahod (jiahod) ‘opure’ 179 r. - cf.: yahud = yahut ‘or , else, otherwise’; yahşi (jiachsci) ‘buono' 51 1. - cf.: yahşi ‘pretty, good’; yaka (jiaka) ‘colaro della ueste’ 71 r. - cf.: yaka ‘collar’; yakın (j iakin) ‘vicino, apresso’ 252 r. - cf: yakın ‘near, nearby place’; yaklaşmak (jiaklascmak) ‘acostarsi’ 23 1. - cf.: yaklaşmak ‘to draw near, to ap­ proach’; yakmak (jiakmak) ‘accendere’ 23 1.- cf.: yakmak ‘to burn’; yalan (jialan) ‘buggia, falso’ 51 1. - cf.: yalan i 1. lie, falsehood. 2. false’; yalancı (jialangi) ‘bugiardo’ 52 r. - cf: yalancı ‘liar’; yaldız (jialdiz) ‘argento dorato’ 36 1. - cf: yaldız ‘gilding’; yalemulla (jihalemulla) ‘İddio sâ’ 129 1. - It is difficult to identify this word since it seems to be deformed. yalı (jiali) ‘lito del mare, cioe ripa’ 147 r.,yali (jialjie) ‘ripa, orlo’ 213 1. - cf.: yah ‘shore, beach’; yalın (jialin) ‘pope delle bestie’ 196 1. - cf.: yalım ‘stock’; yalunuz (jialugnus) ‘solo’ 231 r. - cf.: yalnız ‘alone, solitary’; yalvarmak (jialuarmak) ‘pregare, suplicare’ 199 r. - cf.: yalvarmak ‘to beg’; yamurlik (jiamurlik) ‘tabarro da pioggia’ 239 I. - cf.: yağmurluk ‘raincoat'; yan (jian) ‘fianco’ 108 1. - cf.: yan ‘side; flank’; yana (jiagna) ‘parta, banda’ 184 I. -cf.:yw7 ‘side’; yanağı (jianaghi) ‘guancia’ 124 1. - cf.: yanak ‘cheek’; yanaşmak (jianasemak) ‘acostarsi & servitore’ 23 1. - cf.: yanaşmak ‘to draw near, to approach’; yandırmak (jiandirmak) ‘far brugiar' 104 I. - cf.: yandırmak ‘to burn, to cause to bum’; yanında (jianinda) ‘apresso' 97 I. - cf: yanında ‘at his (your) side'; Part II-Dictionary 159 yankın (jiankin) "incendio, abrugiamento’ 137 r. -ci.: yangın ‘fire; burning’; yanmak (jianmak) ‘abruggiare’ 21 1. - cf.: yanmak ‘to burn, to catch fire'; yanumuzde (jianumuzde) ‘apresso di noi’ 97 1. - cf.: yanımızda ‘at our side’; yap yap (jiapjiap) ‘pian, pian’ 193 r. -ci.: yap- imp. form of yapmak ‘to do’; yapışdurmak (jiapiscdurmak) ‘far atacare insieme’ 105 r. - cf.: yapıştırmak ‘to stick on, to attach’; yapışmak (jiapiscmak) ‘ataccar, congiunger insieme’ 38 I. - cf.: yapışmak ‘to stick, to adhere’; yapmak (jiapmak) ‘fare’ 101 r. - cf.: yapmak ‘to do; to make’; yaprak (jiaprak) ‘foglia’ 110 I. - cf.: yaprak ‘leaf; yaradan (jiaradan) ‘creatore’ 72 I. - cf.: yaradan ‘the Creator; creating’; yarak (jiarak) ‘arma’ 36 I. - cf.: yarak ‘arms, armour’; yaralamak (jiaralamak) ‘ferire’ 106 r. - cf.: yaralamak ‘to wound’; yaramak (jiaramak) ‘beneficiare’ 45 t., yaramak (jiaramak) ‘far seruitio’ 104 I., yaramak (jiaramak) ‘seruire, far seruitio’ 223 1. - cf.: yaramak ‘to be serviceable or useful, to be of use’; yaramaz (¡aramaz) ‘catiuo’ 56 1. - cf.: yaramaz ‘naughty; good-for-nothing"; yaran (jiaran) ‘compagno’ 71 r. - cf.: yaran pl. ofyw ‘friends; lovers'; yarar (jiarar) ‘brauo’ 50 r. - cf.: yarar ‘brave, useful’; yaratmak (j¡aratmak) ‘creare, fare’ 72 I. - cf.: yaratmak ‘to create'; yardım (jiardim) ‘aiuto’ 28 I. - cf.: yardım ‘help, aid’; yardım itmek (jiardim itmece) ‘aiutare’ 28 1. - cf.: yardım etmek ‘to help'; yare (jiare) ‘ferita’ 106 r. - cf.: yara ‘wound, sore’; yare olmak (jiare olmak) ‘esser ferito’ 99 I. - ci.-, yara ‘wound'; yarım (jiarim) ‘mezo’ 161 r. - ci.: yarım ‘half; yarın (jiarin) ‘domani’ 86 I. - ci.: yarın ‘tomorrow’; yas (jias)... 25 I.86; yasak (iasak) ‘bando’ 42 r., yasak (jiassak) ‘grida bando’ 121 1. - cf.: yasak ‘1. prohibition. 2. prohibited’; yasakçı (jiasakgi) ‘guardiani delle uie’ 124 r. - cf.: yasakçı 'Ott. hist, a man who went in front to clear the way for a great person’; yasaklu (jiasaklu) ‘rigoroso in comandare’ 213 I. - cf.: yasak; yasdanmak (jiassdanmak) ‘appoggiarsi p[er] non cascare' 98 r. - cf: yaslanmak ‘to lean against sth’; yasdik, yasduk (jiasdik, jiassduk) ‘cuscino’ 76 r. - cf.: yastık ‘pillow’; 86 There is no commentary explaining the meaning of the word. 160 Part II-Dictionary yaşı (jiassi) ‘largo’ 143 I. -cf.:yassı ‘flat and wide’; yatak (jiatak) ‘letto luogo da dormire’ 146 I. - cf.: yatak 'bed'; yatmak (jiatmak) ‘colcarsi, riposarsi’ 71 r., yatmak (jiatmak) ‘riposarsi, tratenersi’ 212 1. - cf.: yatmak ‘to lie down, to be in bed’; yatsu namazı (jiatsu namasi) ‘oratione del dormire’ 268 r. - cf.: yatsı ‘prayer said by Muslims two hours after sunset'; yavaş (jiauasc) ‘mansueto’ 160 r. - cf.: yavaş ‘slow; gentle'; yav|i| kulmak (jiaukulmak) ‘perdere, am itere’ 187 - cf.: yavı kılmak ‘to lose’; yavri (jiauri) ‘creatura picciola' 72 r. - cf.: yavru ‘the young (of an animal or bird); ya|v|uzlanmak (jiauslanmak) ‘infuriarsi, adirarsi’ 137 r. - cf.: yavuz ‘stern, fero­ cious'; yaya (jiajia) ‘pedone' 187 1. - cf.: yaya ‘on foot; pedestrian'; yaykamak (jiajikamak) ‘lauare’ 143 I. - cf.: yaykamak = yıkamak ‘to wash, to rinse’; yayla (jiajila) ‘frescura logo di recreatione Testate’ 112 I. - cf.: yayla ‘high plat­ eau; summer camping ground’; yaylamak (jiajilamak) ‘andar ‘ a ifreschi esteta alcuni giorni’ 33 I. - cf.: yaylamak ‘ 1. to pass the summer in the mountains. 2. to graze'; yaz (jiaz) ‘¡state" 143 r. - cf.: yaz ‘summer’; yazde|h| (jiazde) ‘11’ 265 1. - cf.: yazdeh ‘eleven’; yazı (jiazi) ‘scrittura’ 219 1. - cf.: yazı ‘w'riting; inscription’; yazu (jiazu) ‘scrittura’ 219 I. - cf.: yazr, yed (jied) ‘mano' 151 1. - cf.: yed ‘hand'; yedek (jiedecc) ‘caualli â mano che uano inanzi la Re, alii Passa, o Beghi’ 57 r. cf.: yedek ‘reserve horse’; yedi (jiedi) ‘7’ 265 1. - cf.: yedi ‘seven"; yedincisi (jiedingisi) ‘settimo’ 265 r. - cf.: yedinci ‘seventh’; yedmek (jiedmecc) ‘menar â mano' 162 1. - cf.: yedmek ‘lead or tow w ith a rope’; yek (jiecc) ‘ 1 ’ 265 1. - cf.:yeZ: ‘one’; yekpare (jieccpare) ‘intiero’ 137 r. - cf.: yekpare ‘in a single piece"; yekşenbi (jieccscenbi) ‘Domenica’ 267 I. - cf.: yekşenbih ‘Sunday’; yekun itmek (jieccun itmece) ‘somar, far al somma del conto' 231 1. - cf.: yekûn ‘total, sum’; , yel (j¡el) ‘vento’ 249 r. - cf.: yel ‘w'ind"; yele (j iele) ‘erine del cauallo’ 72 I. - cf.: yele ‘mane of a horse'; yelken (jielken) ‘vela’ 250 1. - cf.: yelken ‘sail’; Part II - Dictionary 161 yelkovan (jielkouan) ‘vantator’ 246 r. - cf.: yelkovan ‘1. minute hand of a watch. 2. weathercock. 3. eaves-board’; yeman (jieman) ‘catiuo’ 56 I. - cf.: yaman ‘violent,cruel’; yemek (jiemecc) ‘mangiamento cibo’ 160 r. - cf.: yemek "food, a meal’; yemek (jiemecc) mangiare’ 160 v..yemek (jiemecc) ‘pranso, mangiare’ 200 1. - cf.: yemek ‘to eat’; yemin (jiemin) ‘giuramento, obligo’ 119 r. - ci.-, yemin ‘oath’; yemin etmek (jiemin itmece) ‘giurare’ 118 r. - cf.: yemin etmek ‘to swear, to take an oath’; yenge (jienge) ‘promessa di matrimonio’87 200 1. - cf.: yenge ‘ 1. a woman’s sisterin-law. 2. an elderly woman who helps and attends a bride’; yeni (jiegni) ‘nouo’ 172 r. - cf.: yeni ’new’; yeqilemek (jiegnilemecc) ‘rinfrescare, rinouare’ 212 r. - cf.: yenilemek 'to renew, to renovate’; yenilmek (jiegnilmecc) ‘perder, restar uinto’ 190 r. - cf.: yenilmek ‘to be over­ come, to lose (at a game)’; yenkin (jienkin) ‘abrugiamento 22 r. - cf.: yangın ‘fire; burning’; yenmek (jiegnmecc) vincere’ 252 r. - cf.: yenmek ‘to overcome, to conquer’; yer giistermek (jier gustermecc) ‘far seder preso di se’105 r. - cf.: yer ‘place’ + göstermek ‘to indicate, to show’; yere dikmek (jiere diccmecc) ‘piantare’ 192 r. - cf.: dikmek ‘to plant’; yere geçmek (jiere geccmecc) ‘abatutto messo al fondo’ 21 1., yere geçmek (jiere geccmecc) ‘esser messo al fondo in ruina’ 99 I. - cf.: yere geçmek ‘to feel ready to sink into the earth with shame’; yerleşmek (jierlescmecc) ‘acasarsi, fermarsi in un paese & staza’ 23 1., yereleşmek (jierelescmecc) ‘coIocare, metter alsuo logo’ 71 r. - cf.: yerleşmek ‘to settle down; to become established’; yesim (jiesim) ‘diaspro’ 84 I. -ci.-, yeşim ‘jade’; yessar (jiessar) ‘selerato, tristo’ 224 1. - There is no such word with such a mean­ ing in other Turkish sources. yeşil (jiescil) ‘verde’ 250 I. - cf.: yeşil ‘green’; yetermek (jitermecc)88 ‘perdere, amitere’ 187 1. - cf.: yitirmek ‘to lose’; yetişmek (jietiscmecc) ‘aggungere’ 27 1., yetişmek (jietiscmecc) ‘non bastare’89 173 r. - cf.: yetişmek ‘to reach, to attain; to suffice; 87 The Italian commentary presents a quite different meaning in comparison w ith the denotation of the wordyenge found in contemporary sources. 88 The transcribed form contains the narrow /e/. 162 Part II-Dictionary yetmek (jietmecc) ‘bastare, esser bastante' 43 r. - cf.: yetmek ‘to suffice, to be enough’; yetmiş (jietmisc) ‘70’ 266 1. - cf.: yetmiş ‘seventy’; yevmiilcuma (jieumul gumha) ‘vener di festa de I Turchi’ 267 I. - cf. perhaps: Yevmiilcemel 'hist, the Battle of the Camel where Aisha, widow of the Prophet Muhammad, commanded the insurgents against Ali near Basra (A.H. 35); yevmiile’at (jieumulehat) ‘Domenica’ 267 I. - cf.: yevm ‘day’ +?; yevmiilerbeha (jieumulerbeha) ‘Mercordi’ 267 1. - cf.: Erbia ‘Wednesday’; yevmiilhamsi (jieumulhamsi) ‘Giouedi’ 267 1. - Due to a high probability of de­ formation we could not identify this word. yevmiilsebt (jieumulsebt) ‘Sabato’ 267 1. - cf.: sebl ‘Saturday, Sabbath'; yevmiilisneyin (jieumulisnejin) ‘Lunedi’ 267 I. - The word is difficult to identify; yevmiilsulusa (jieumulsulusa) ‘Martedi” 267 1. - This is a similar case as above; yığın (jighin) ‘pagliaio’ 186 1. — cf.:yığın ‘pile, heap’; yıkılmak (jikilmak) ‘precipitare â basso, ruinare" 200 1., yıkılmak (jikilmak) ‘ruinare abasso’ 215 1. - cf.: yıkılmak ‘to be demolished, to collapse'; yıkmak (jikmak) ‘accumulare, raccogliere’ 23 1., yıkmak (jikmak) ‘precipitare â basso, ruinare' 200 I., yıkmak (jikmak) ruinare abasso’ 215 I. - cf.: yıkmak ‘to pull down, to knock down’; yikuk (jikuk) ‘ruina antica cumulo di sassi' 215 1. - cf.: yıkık ‘demolished, ruined'; y»i Oil) ‘ anno’ 33 1. - cf.: yıl ‘year’; yılan (jillan) ‘biscia’ 45 I. -cf.:yılan ‘snake’; yıldırım (jiIdirim) ‘fulgore’ 114 r. - cf.: yıldırım ‘thunderbolt, lightning’; yıldırmak (jildirmak) ‘guazzare un flume’89 90 124 r. - cf.: yıldırmak ‘to cow, to frighten’; yıldız (jildiz) ‘tramontana’91 269 r. - cf.: yıldız ‘star; pole star’; yılgın (jilghin) ‘şalice’92 216 1. yılmak (jilmak) ‘notare nel acqua" 173 r. - cf.: yılmak ‘to be afraid of. One cannot rule out the possibility that the Italian meaning is erroneous; yırlamak (jirlamak) ‘cantare’ 57 r. - cf.: yırlamak ‘to sing’; 89 The meaning explaining the word is opposite to the meaning know n in a presentday language. 90 The meaning presented is different than in present-day language. 91 The Italian meaning is ‘northern wind' whereas in all Turkish sources it means ’star'. 92 The meaning given by Italian sources is different than in present-day Turkish. Cl'.: yılgın ’cowed, frightened’; Part H-Dictionary 163 yıtağan (jitaghan) ‘dormione che sta sempre â coltato’ 86 I. - cf.: yatağan ‘heavy curved knife, yataghan’; yig|i|rmi (jigrmi) ‘20’ 266 r. - cf.: yiğirmi = yirmi ‘twenty’; yig|i|rmi altı (jigrmi alti) ‘26' 266 I. - cf.: yirmi altı ‘twenty-six’; yig|i|rmi beş (jigrmi besc) ‘25’ 266 1. - cf: yirmi beş ‘twenty-five’; yig|i|rmi bir (jigrmi bir) ‘21’ 266 r. - cf.: yirmi bir ‘twenty-one’; yig|i|rmi dokuz (jigrmi dokus) ’29' 266 I. - cf.: yirmi dokuz ‘twenty-nine’; yig|i|rmi dört (jigrmi dort) ‘24’ 266 r. - cf.: yirmi dört ‘twenty-four’; yig[i|rmi iki (jigrmi icci) ‘22’ 266 r. - cf.: yirmi iki ‘twenty-two’; yig|i|rmi sekiz (jigrmi seccis) ‘28’ 266 I. - cf.: yirmi sekiz ‘twenty-eight'; yig|i|rmi üç (jigrmi ucc) ‘23’ 266 r. - cf.: yirmi üç ‘twenty-three’; yig|i|rmi yedi (jigrmi jiedi) ‘27’ 266 I. - cf.: yirmi yedi ‘twenty-seven’; yig|i|rmincisi (jighrmingisi) ‘vigesimo’ 265 r. - cf.: yirminci ‘twentieth’; yigit (jigit) ‘giouane frescho, gagliardo’ 1 19 r., yigit (jigit) ‘huomo fresco’ 128 1.— cf.: yiğit ‘young man; brave’; yigit: atlu yigit (atlu jigit) ‘homo a cauallo’ 127 r. - cf.: atlı ‘horseman' + yiğit', yigrek (jighrecc) ‘meglio’ 162 I. - cf.: yeğrek ‘better'; yine(jiene) ‘dipoi’ 81 1. -cf: yine ‘again’; yit (jit) ‘cane’ 53 1. - cf.: it ‘dog’; yohse (jiohse) ‘se non nisi’ 224 1. - cf: yoksa ‘if not, otherwise"; yohsul (jiohsul) ‘pouero’ 195 1. - cf.: yohsul arch, of yoksul ‘possessing nothing'; yok(jiok) ‘non’ 172 1. - cf.: yok ‘non-existent; not’; yokari (jiokari) ‘di sopra, in alto' 84 1. - cf.: yukarı ‘high, upper’; yoklamak (jioklamak) ‘far la mostra’ 105 r., yoklamak (jioklamak) ’visitare' 252 r. - cf.: yoklamak ‘ 1. to inspect, to search; to try. 2. to visit (a sick person)'; yoksilik (jioksilik) ‘pouerta’ 196 I. - cf.: yoksuluk ‘destitution’; yoktur (jioktur) ‘non e’ 173 r. - cf: yoktur ‘there is not’; yoldaş (jioldasc) ‘compagno’ 71 r. - cf.: yoldaş ‘fellow traveller’; yollu yolince (jiollu jiolinge) ‘ognuno p [= per] la sua uia nel suo ordine grado' 176 r. - cf.: yollu ‘having (such and such) roads’; yolmak (jiolmak) ‘pellar animali’ 190 r. - cf.: yolmak ‘to pluck, to tear out’; yolsiz (jiolsiz) ‘senza uia’ 225 r. - cf.: yolsuz ‘roadless, trackless’; yorgan (jiorghna) ‘coperta’ 71 r. - cf.: yorgan ‘quilt’; yortmak (jiortmak) ‘afrettar il camino, trottare’ 26 1., yortmak (jiortmak) ‘trottare' 244 1. - cf.: yortmak ‘arch, to travel about on horseback'; 164 Part II-Dictionary yovalak (jioualak) ‘cosa rotunda da ruciolare’ 71 r. - cf.: yuvalak = yuvarlak ‘round; globular'; yüğrük (jiughruk) ‘rapido, sfrenato cauallo ö qual si ngoli cosa’ 207 1. - cf.: yüğrük ‘fast-moving, fleet’; yüğrük at (jiughruk at) ‘cauallo sfrenato' 57 r. - cf.: yüğrük ‘fast-moving, fleet' + at ‘horse’; yüğrük su (jiughruk su’ acqua rapida’ 23 I. - cf.: yüğrük ‘fast-moving' + su ‘wa­ ter’; yular (jiular) ‘cassezza da cauallo’ 57 r. - cf.: yular ‘halter'; yummak (jiummak) ‘serar gl occhi’ 224 r. - cf.: yummak ‘to shut, close (eyes)’; yumruk (jiumruk) ‘pugno’ 202 1. - cf.: yumruk ‘fist’; yumurda (jiumurda) ‘ouo’ 183 1. - cf.: yumurta ‘egg’; yumuşak (jiumuscak) ‘morbido’ 167 r. - cf.: yumuşak ‘soft, mild'; yutmak (jiutmak) ‘ingiotire’ 137 r. - cf.: yutmak ‘to swallow’; yuva (jiuua) ‘nido' 171 I. - cf.: yuva ‘nest’; yuvalanmak (jiuualanmak) ‘ruciolare’ 215 1. - cf. yuvalanmak ‘to become provid­ ed with a nest’; yiik (jiucc) ‘soma, carirca di mulo' 231 r. - cf.: yük ‘load, burden’; yüksek (jiuccsecc) ‘alto’ 30 r. - cf.: yüksek ‘high, elevated'; yümek (jiumecc) ‘affatare, solecitare’ 26 1. - This verb could not be identified. yün (jiugn) ‘lana’ 144 1. - cf.: yün ‘wool’; yürek (jiurecc) ‘core, animo' 69 1. - cf.: yürek ‘heart’; yüreklü (jiurecclu) ‘animoso’ 32 r. - cf.: yürekli ‘brave, bold, stout-hearted"; yüresinde (jiuresinde) ‘apresso con auicino’ 97 1. - cf.: yöre ‘side, neighbour­ hood’; yüriş virmek (jiurisc uirmecc) ‘dar I’assalto’ 78 r. - cf.: yürüyüş ‘assault’; yürümek (jiurumecc) ‘caminar in fretâ’ 53 r. - cf.: yürümek ‘to walk, to move'; I. yüz (jius) ‘100’ 267 r. - cf: yüz ‘hundred’; II. yüz (jiuz) ‘faccia’ 103 r. - cf.: yüz ‘face’; yüz tutmak (jiuz tutmak) ‘fugire’ 113 1. - cf.: yüz tutmak ‘to take a tum towards’; yüzi suyine (jiusi sujine) ‘modestia, rispetto, riuerentia’ 167 r. - cf.: yüz suyu ‘honour, self-respect'; yüzmek (jiuzmecc) ‘notare nel acqua’ 173 r„ 178 1. - cf.: yüzmek ‘to swim’; |y]üzük (usucc) ‘anello’ 32 r. - cf.: yüzük ‘ring'. Part II-Dictionary 165 z Zabt itmek (zabt itmece) ‘gouemare, uedi comandare’ 119 I., zabt itmek (zabt itmece) ‘posedere’ 195 I. - cf.: zabt ‘taking possession of, conquering’; zabun (zabun) ‘debile, inferme, senza forza’ 79 r. - cf: zebun ‘weak, helpless’; zabun olmak (zabun olmak) ‘debilitarsi’ 80 r. - cf: zebun ‘weak’, also: zebunlamak ‘to become weak and emaciated’; zafer (zafer) ‘vittoria’ 251 I. - cf.: zafer ‘victory’; zağal (zaghal) ‘furbo’ 113 I. - The word was not recorded in other Turkish sources. za|h|ir (zajir) ‘chiaro, certo’ 61 r. - cf.: zahir ‘apparently, clearly"; za|h|met (zamet) ‘trauagilo’ 244 I -cf.: zahmet ‘trouble, difficulty’; za|h|metlii (zametlu) ‘trauagliato’ 244 I. - cf.: zahmetli ‘troublesome; difficult; fatiguing’; zakir (zakir) ‘parlatero, recitatore’ 185 r. - cf.: zakir ‘one who tells, narrates, re­ cites from memory’; zakir ider (zakir ider) ‘recitare’ 208 I. - cf.: zakir ‘one who tells, narrates, recites from memory’; zalim (zalim) ‘tirano’ 242 I. - cf.: zalim ‘cruel, tyrannical’; zaman: evelki zaman (euelchi zaman) ‘tempo passato’ 240 1. - see: evelki ‘the former’; zamk (zamk) 'goma’ 119 I. - cf.: zamk ‘glue, paste, gum’; zar (zar) ‘dado’ 77 I. - cf.: zar ‘die, dice"; zarar olmak (zarar olmak) ‘hauer perdita, danno’ 125 r. - cf.: zarar olmak 'to do harm’; zarb etmek (zarb etmece) ‘percoter uibentem: te’ 189 r. - cf: darb etmek ‘to hit, strike’; zarbı tutmak (zarbi tutmak) ‘pigliar per forza’ 192 I. - cf.: darb ‘hitting, striking, beating’; zarbuzan (zarbuzan) ‘pezzeto da campagna" 188 I. - cf.: zarbuzan ‘var. of darbezen ‘a kind of gun, falconet’; zariban (zariban) ‘violentia’ 251 r. - cf.: zarib ‘one that strikes or beats'; zarif (zarif) ‘delicato, gentile’ 79 I., zarif (zarif) 'gentile, galante’ - cf: zarif'\. graceful, elegant. 2. delicate’; Part II-Dictionary 166 zarilik ider (zarilik ider) ‘lamentarsi, lagnarsi’ 144 r. - cf.: zari ‘weeping, wail­ ing’; zaru (zaru) ‘pianto, lamento’ 192 I. - cf.: zari ‘weeping, wailing’; zarurette (zaruretde) ‘per forza’ 188 r. - cf.: zaruret ‘need, want, necessity’; zaruri (zaruri) ‘per forza’ 188 r. - cf.: zaruri 1. necessary, requisite. 2. unavoida­ ble’; zat, zatinde (zat, zatinde) ‘propria p[er]sona ô corpo’ 199 I. - cf.: zat ‘person, in­ dividual’; zavalı (zauali) ‘meschino infelice’ 161 1. - cf.: zavallı ‘miserable, unlucky’; zayıf (zhaif) ‘débité, inferme, senza forza’ 79 r. - cf.: zayıf ‘weak, infirm’; zayi itmek (zajih itmece) ‘perdere, amitere’ 187 I. - cf.: zayi etmek ‘to lose"; zegar (zeghar) ‘bracco’ 50 r. - cf.: zağar ‘hound'; zehi (zegi) ‘ingegnoso chi ha molto ingegno’ 135 1. - cf.: zehi ‘excellent, well- done’; zehim (zehim) ‘piaga, ferita’ 192 1. - This word is difficult to identify; zehir93 (zejir) ‘proptetore chi da aiuto’ 200 1. - cf.: zahir ‘helper, supporter’; zelil (zelil) ‘bisognoso’ 45 1. - cf.: zelil ‘ 1. low, contemptible. 2. humbled, abased'; zelzele (zelzele) ‘teremoto’ 241 r. - cf.: zelzele ‘earthquake’; zem itmek (zem itmece) ‘parlar per disprezza’ 185 r. - cf.: zem ‘blame, censure, disparagement’; zeman (zeman) ‘tempo’ 241 r. - cf.: zaman ‘time; period’; zembarek (zembarecc) ‘balestra’ 42 1. - cf.: zemberek ‘spring (of a watch)’; zemin (zemin) ‘terra’ 240 I. - cf. zemin ‘1. the Earth. 2. ground’; zempare (zempare) ‘inamorato di donna’ 135 1. - cf: zampara ‘womanizer, rake’; zenan (zenan) ‘donna’ 85 1. - cf.: zenan pl. of zen ‘woman’; zencir (zengir) ‘catena’ 55 r. - cf.: zincir ‘chain, fetters’; zer (zer) ‘ducato’ 89 1. - cf.: zer ‘gold, money, coin of any kind’; zerafet (zerafet) ‘astutia’94 38 r. - cf. zarafet ‘being graceful in thought, diction or act; elegance, delicacy’; zerak (zerak) ‘gonfio’ 119 I. - This word could not be identified; zerdalu (zerdalu) ‘muniaghe’ 168 r. - cf.: zerdalu ‘wild apricot’; zerde (zerde) ‘minestra di riso mele’ 163 1. - cf: zerde ‘dish of sweetened rice coloured with safron’; zevad (zeuad) ‘cibo’ 63 r. - cf.: zevad ‘provisions in stock’; 93 In the Roman transcription there is : zejir. whereas in the Arabic record: zhyr. 94 The meaning given in the Italian source differs from the one provided in some Turkish dictionaries. The Italian meaning of’astutia' literally denotes ’cunning': Part II-Dictionary 167 zevç (zeug) ‘paro’ 184 1. - cf.: zevc ‘one of a pair, mate’; zevk (zeuk, seuk) ‘alegria, contentessa’ 29 1. - cf.: zevk ‘delight, pleasure, enjoy­ ment’; zeykir (zejiccir) ‘anello da areo‘ 32 I. - This word is difficult to identify; zeyrek (zejirek) ‘prudente, sapiente’ 198 r. - cf.: zeyrek ‘intelligent’; zeyti|n| yağı (zejitjaghi) ‘olio’ 177 1. -cf.: zeytinyağı ‘olive oil’; zeytun (zejitun) ‘oliua’ 177 I. - zeytin ‘olive’; zil (zili) ‘ombra’ 178 r. - cf.: zil ‘shadow, shade’; zibun (zibun) ‘camisciuola’ 55 r. - cf.: zebun ‘weak, helpless’; zikir olunur (ziccir olunur) ‘racordarsi’ 206 1., zikir olunur (ziccir olunur) ‘ricordarsi’ 212 I. - cf.: zikir ‘mention’; Zil{h Jice (Zilige) "Febraro’ 269 I. - cf.: Zilhicce ‘name of the twelfth month of the Arabian year’; Zilkade (Zilkade) ‘Zenaro’ 269 I. - cf.: Zilkade ‘name of the eleventh month of the Arabian year’; zimi (zimi) ‘Cristiani’ 72 r. - cf.: zimmi ‘non-Muslim subject’; zina (zina) ‘adulterio* 25 I. - cf.: zina ‘adultery’; zinar itmek (zinar itmece) ‘guardarsi’ 124 r. - cf. perhaps: zinhar ‘protection, safeguard, safe-conduct’; zincirlemek (zingirlemecc) ‘incatenare’ 135 I. - cf.: zincirlemek ‘to chain’; zindan (zindan) ‘priggione’ 199 I. - cf.: zindan ‘prison, dungeon'; zinnet (zinet) ‘adobo’ 25 1. - cf.: ziynet ‘ornament, decoration’; zira kim (zira kim) ‘imporo ehe’ 132 r. - cf.: zira ‘because’; zirah (zirah, zjirah) ‘braccio di misura’ 50 r. - cf.: zira ‘cubit*; ziruzeber (ziruzeber) ‘tagliato â pezzo’95 239 r. - cf.: zir-ü zeber ’1. below and above. 2. upside down’; zişt (ziset) "brutto’ 50 r. - cf: zişt ‘ugly, unsightly’; zivirdi (ziuirdi) ‘tedioso’ 241 r. This word is difficult to identity. ziya (zjia) ‘luce, splendore’ 149 I. - cf.: ziya ‘light’; ziya itmek (zjia itmece) ‘risplendere, lucere’ 213 r. - cf.: ziya vermek ‘to emit light’ ziyade (zjiade) 'maggior quantita’ 161 r. - cf.: ziyade ‘more, much; too much’; ziyafet (zjiafet) ‘banchetto publico, nozza’ 42 r. - cf.: ziyafet ‘feast, party, ban­ quet’; ziyan (zjina)96 ’perdita, danno’ 188 I. - cf.: ziyan ‘loss, damage’; 95 The meaning in the Italian source denotes ’cut into pieces’. 168 Part II-Dictionary ziyaret ider (zijaret ider) ‘visitare’ 251 r. - of.: ziyaret etmek ‘to pay a visit'; zuha vakti (zuha uakti) ‘hora del desinare’ - cf. perhaps: zuhr ‘noon’; I. zu|h|ur (zuur) ‘chiaro, certo’ 61 r. - cf.: zuhur ‘becoming manifest, evident, visible’; II. zu|h|ur (zuur) ’hora del mezo giomo’ 127 I., zu[h]ur (zuur) ‘mezzo, giorno’ 161 I. - cf.: zuhr ‘noon, time of noon worship’; zulkadir (zulkadir) ‘atissimo’ 38 I., zulkadri (zulkadri) ‘prestantissimo, atissimo’ 199 1. - cf.: Zidkadr ‘the Possessor of Might’; zulmen (zulmen) ‘atorto’ 38 1. - cf.: zulmen ‘wrongfully, cruelly’; zulum (zulum) ‘tirania’ 242 1. - cf.: zulüm ‘wrong, oppression, cruelty’; zur (zur) ‘gagliardo potente’ 115 1. - cf.: zor ‘strength’; zurba (zurba) ‘truppa’ 244 I. - cf: zorba ‘one who uses force; rebel; bully’; zurbaz (zurbaz) ‘gagliardo potente’ 115 1. - cf.: zorbaz ‘one who exerts his strength’; zurlu (zurlu) ‘gagliardo potente' 115 1. - cf.: zorlu ‘strong, violent’; Zii | h|al (zual) ‘Saturo’ 268 1. - cf: Zühal ‘Saturn’; zii|h]d (zud) ‘ santimonia’ 216 I. - cf.: zühd ‘pious ascetism’; Zü|h|re (zure) ‘Vener’ 268 1. - cf.: Zühre ‘Venus’; zümre (zümre) ‘truppa’ 244 1. - cf.: zümre ‘party, body, set of people’. 96 The transcription is incorrect, but according to the notation in Arabic script, which is zyn. the word should be read as ziyan. DOI: 10.12797/9788376384818.04 Part III Instead of the Conclusion Despite the fact that our intension was to give a description of the dictionary' in as much detail as possible, some problems shown in this description are still obscure and even unsolved. In some places of this work it was repeated several times that we know noth­ ing about the author and we are not able to ascertain in what circumstances and for what motives this dictionary' was written. Moreover, one also cannot determine whether the author was Italian or the representative of a different nation. The most intriguing question, however, is why he wrote the dictionary in such a strange convention (backwards) in relation to both the oriental material (written in transcription) and, all the more, the Italian one. Can we really name this convention - manners, as Giuseppe Mezzofanti did in his catalogue? Apart from the afore-mentioned obscure matters, another problem appears in the form of Turkish words that are difficult to identify. Besides, the Italian explanations given to those words are also, in some cases, difficult to understand. Moreover, some forms of both oriental and Italian words are sometimes so de­ formed that one cannot ascertain their correct spelling, and thereby find their pre­ sent-day equivalents in dictionaries. One cannot also exclude that some of the forms used by the author could be dialectal and, therefore, it is difficult to identify their literary equivalents. The words which were difficult to identify are presented below: burk (burcc) ’capello" 54 r.; çalı (ccali) ‘40’ 266 I.; değirmek (değirmek) ’atacare dar foco à un pezzo’ 38 1.; dııgân itmek (dughjian itmece) ‘venir in furia come Tacqua del flume’ 249 I.; evşana gider (euscana gider) ‘andar al necessario’ 32 r.; 170 Part 111 - Instead of the Conclusion fulanlamak (fulanmak) ‘fottere’ 109 1.; gulu itmek (ghulu itmece) ‘dar duento, inuestire’ 77 1., gulu itmek (ghulu itmece) ‘far impeto' 103 1.; hades ider (hades ider) ‘guartare' 123 1., hades ider (hades ider) ‘rampere in guer­ ra" 214 r.; halı (hali) ‘razzo p[er] adobar 207 r.; hitay (hitaji) ‘donna che tienne un piccolo buco in luogho di natura" 86 r.; hticeci (hugecci) ‘mercante' 161 r.; icdal (igdal) "battaglia" 41 1.; kestelik (ccestelicc) ‘quando non si fa faciédo in mercato' 203 1.; kidvet (kiduet) ‘maggiore di autorita’ 159 I.; mahad(mahad) ‘osso, lumaga, ferro o altro cosa p[er] lisciare’ 180 1.; martad(martad) ‘chi uolta manteilo’ 62 r.; mazerinde (mazerinde) ‘in anzi" 133 1.; muacele (muhagele) ‘prontezza, disposione' 200 r.; muşe ’ale (muscehale) ‘lumiera da notte’ 149 1.; mut 'a (mutha) ‘drappo di seta in uniuersale’ 88 1.; peşneham (pese neham) ‘cosi e' 66 r.; revahil itmek (reuahil itmece) ‘far uiaggio’ 103 r.; rufedan (rufedan) ‘ouo da bere" 183 1.; sedre geçmek (sedre geccmecc) ‘augumentar’ 40 r.; şehir (scehjir) ‘biada orzo’ 45 1.; şive (sciue) ‘ritroso, schiuo’ 213 r.; tarancı (tarancci) ‘naue da carico’ 169 r.; teayür itmek (teajiur itmece) ‘pensare’ 187 I.; temesük (temessucc) ‘ricenta’ 212 r., temesük (temessucc) ‘sanittara publica’ 219 I.; teybent (tejibnet) ‘cordone di seta col qual si cinge’ 67 r.; tümet (tumet) ‘sceleraggine’ 220 r.; turnan (turnan) ‘sotto calce’ 231 r.; y 'alemulla (jihalemulla) ‘İddio sá’ 129 1.; yesar (jiessar) ‘selerato, tristo’ 224 1.; yevmülhamsi (jieumulhamsi) ‘Giouedi’ 267 I.; yevmülisneyin (jieumulisnejin) ‘Lunedi’ 267 I.; yevmiilsulusa (jieumulsulusa) ‘Martedi' 267 I.; yümek (jiumecc) ‘affatare, solecitare’ 26 1.; zagal (zaghal) ‘furbo’ 113 1.; zehim (zehim) ‘piaga, ferita’ 192 I.; zerak (zerak) ‘gonfio, uano' 119 1.; zivirdi (ziuirdi) Tedioso’ 241 r. It is not out of place to once again mention the problem that was already taken up in the Introduction. The matter in question concerns the lexical oriental material presented in the dictionary. In order to simplify matters we name all oriental material included in the dic­ tionary - Turkish or Ottoman-Turkish (sometimes also more generally - oriental). However, we are aware of the fact that this material does not represent the Turkish language exclusively but also two other oriental languages, namely - Arabic and Persian, although all transcribed forms of the oriental vocabulary are written in the Turkish spelling system and, therefore, reflect Turkish phonetics. On the other hand, however, we are conscious of the fact that the OttomanTurkish language which was in use in the past centuries97 constituted a composition of both Turkish and various foreign elements with a predominant number of Arabic and Persian borrowings. The collected oriental material was analysed in confrontation with various comprehensive dictionaries of the Turkish language (e.g. Redhouse Yeni Türkçe Ingilizce-Sôzlük) which, according to their editor’s conception, provide labels dis­ playing the origin of particular words. The confrontation with the dictionaries con­ firms that in the analysed material the borrow ings of Arabic and Persian origin are quite frequent. However, among the borrowings one can also find Greek loan­ words, although they are not numerous. Examples of vocabulary representing for­ eign borrowings are presented below: Some examples of Arabic origin words: ecel (egel), elem (elem), fetva (fettua), hayd (hajia), hubuz (hubuz). iman (iman), kabl (kabl), kamer (kamer), lagab (laghab), latife (latife), lugat (lughat), necat (negat), rahim (rhajim), saat (sahat), safi (safi), tabib (tabib), uman (human), vahid (uahid), valide (ualide), yed (f\e<Y),yesim (jiesim), zeman (zeman); Some examples of Persian origin words: hurem (churem), kebuter (ccebuter), kem (ccem), maldar (maldar), mar (mar), miird (murd), nalbe(n)d (nalbed), nam (nam), otak (otak), poc/f$a(7?XPadissa), peder (peder), renc (reng), $a(h)(sca), çeijper (scescper), çorba (scorba), yahni (jihani), yekpare (jieccpare), zevad (zeuad), zft (zisct); 97 Officially, Ottoman-Turkish, both in its written and oral form, was in use from the 13lh century until 1928 (this is the date of the language reform in Turkey). After 1928, in reference to the language used in Turkey, the term Tiirkiye tiirkfesi (= the Turkish language of Turkey) became compulsory. 172 Part III - Instead of the Conclusion Some examples of Greek origin words: katruga (katrugha), kefal (ccefal), liman (liman), mantar (mantar), peksimet (peccsimet), urgan (urghan). In conclusion, although some questions concerning the mysterious dictionary remain unsolved and some obscure vocabulary contained within cannot be identi­ fied, the dictionary is worthy of notice and, thanks to its contents, can be inscribed into the collection of early European sources concerning the Ottoman-Turkish lan­ guage. Part IV References Abbreviated references HTED Men. TS TTS YRh ZWb. = Hony, H.C., 1976, A Turkish-English Dictionary, Oxford. = Meninski F. â Mesgnien, 1680, Thesaurus Linguarum Orientalium Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, I-III, Vienna = Toparlı R. et al. (eds.), 2009, Türkçe Sözlük, Ankara. = XIII Yüzyıldan beri Türkiye tiirkçesiyle yazılmış kitaplardan toplanan tanıklariyle Tarama Sözlüğü, l-VIII, Ankara 1963-1977. = Redhouse Yeni Türkçe- İngilizce Sözlük, İstanbul 1981. = Zenker, J. T., 1866-1876, Dictionnaire turc-arabe-persan - Türkisch­ arabisch-persisches Wörterbuch, I-1I, Leipzig. Further references Adamovic, M, 1975, Ein italieniesch- türkisches Sprachbuch aus den Jahren 15251530, Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, 67, 217-247. Adamovic, M., 2001, Das Türkische des 16. Jahrhunderts. Nach den Aufzeich­ nungen des Florentiners Filippo Argenti (1533), Göttingen. Alston, R. C. (ed), 1968, English Linguistics 1500-1800. (A Collection of Facsimile Reprints). Thomas Vaughan. A Grammar of the Turkish Language. 1709, No 93, Menston. Atalay, H., 1999, İngilizce Türkçe Sözlük, l-II, Ankara. Briquet, C. M., 1907, Les Filigranes. Dictionnaire historique des Marques du Pa­ pier, Geneve. Bulaş, K., Whitfield, F. J., 1972, The Kosciuszko Foundation Dictionary. EnglishPolish. I, Warszawa. Eren, B. (ed.), 2012, Osmanlica - Türkçe Sözlük, Istanbul. Karakartal O., 1996, İtalya’da Türk Dili Mtalyanca-Türkçe ” ve “Türkçe-Italyanca" sözlüklere ve gramer kitaplarına dair bir not, Türk Dili, Sayı 533, p. 12411246. Kieffer, J. D., Bianchi, T. X., 1835-1837, Dictionnaire turc-français, I-II, Paris. Labarre E. J., 1937, A Dictionary of Paper and Paper - Making Terms, Amster­ dam. 174 Part IV - References Lewis, G. L., 1975, Turkish Grammar, Oxford. Meisels, W., 1999, Podręczny słownik włosko-polski, I-Il, Warszawa. Meyer, G, 1998, Türkische Studien, Die griechischen und romanischen Bestand­ teile im Wortschätze des Osmanisch-Türkischen. Türkçe Incemeleri. Osmanh Türkçesinin Sözvarlığmdaki Yunanca ve Latince Ödünçlemeler, Ankara. Mezzofanti, G., Catalogo de Manoscritti Orientali, ehe si conservans nella Biblio­ theca Universita di Bologna compilato da Giuseppe Mezzofanti Prof, di Lingue Orientali. Molino G., 1641, Dittionario Della Lingua ltaliana. Turchesca, Roma. Pianzola, B., 1789, Dizionario Gramatiche. e Dialoghi Per Apprendere Le Lingue ltaliana. Greca Volgare, e Turca, e Varie Scienze, Padova. Piccard G., 1978, Wasserzeichen, Stuttgart. Pomorska, M., 2013, Material for a Historical Dictionary of Hew Persian Loan­ words in Old Anatolian and Ottoman Turkish from the 13,h to the 16lb Century, Kraków. Preto, P., 1975, Venezia e i turchi, Firenze. Rocchi, L., 2011, 11 Dizionario Turco-Ottomano di Arcangelo Carradori (1650), Trieste. Rosen, V., 1885, Remarques sur les manuscrits orientaux de la Collection Marsigli a Bologne suivies de la liste complete de manuscrits arabes de la meme col­ lection par le baron Victor Rosen, Rome. Siemieniec-Gołaś, E., 1998, Unknown Italian-Turkish Vocabulary, Studia Turcologica Cracoviensia 5, pp. 237-244. Siemieniec-Gołaś, E., 2007, Dzieła włoskiego piśmiennictwa jako źródło wiedzy o języku osmańsko-tureckim, Portolana 3, pp. 215-221. Siemieniec-Gołaś, E., 2005, Turkish Lexical Content in Dittionario della lingua ltaliana, Turchesca by Giovanni Molino (1641), Kraków. Stanisławski, J., 1970, Wielki słownik polsko-angielski, Warszawa. Tanış, A., 1989, Giovanni Molino'nun Italyanca-Türkçe Sözlüğü ve Halk Tiirkçesi, Ankara. Uriel Heyd, 1954, Language Reform in Modern Turkey, Jerusalem. www pages http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10270b.htm Abbreviations Grammatical terms: Ab I. Acc. cans. Dat. demin. Gen. gram. Loc. Norn. part. pass. per. pi recyp. refl. = ■'g- = superl. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Ablative; Accusative; causative; Dative case; diminutive; Genitive; grammar; Locative; Nominative; participle; passive; person; plural; reciprocal; reflexive; singular; superlative; Other abbreviations: arch. astr. hot. hist. myst. Ott. prov. var. vulg. = = = = = = = = = archaic; astronomy; botanical; historical; mystical; Ottoman; provincial; variant; vulgar. Part V Facsimile Facsimile 1 Facsimile 2 Facsimile 3 Facsimile 4 Facsimile 5 Facsimile 6 Facsimile 7 Facsimile 8