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Analele Universităţii "Dunărea de Jos" din Galaţi. Fascicula XI, Construcţii navale/ Annals of "Dunărea de Jos" of Galati, Fascicle XI, Shipbuilding
Preliminary estimation of ship weight2015 •
The balanced evaluation between the ship displacement and the weight components is an important objective of the initial ship design stage. The present paper deals with the new PHP-Ship Weight computer code, developed in the Research Centre of the Faculty of Naval Architecture, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati. This numerical instrument is based on parametric models for light ship and deadweight components and is currently being used by students in order to develop their specific knowledge related to the initial design process.
2008 •
Approximation methods for weight distribution of ships are surveyed. Grouping methods such as the “Bucket” and station method are also explored. Detail based methods are explained. Finally, an improved method of distribution based on details is proposed. Guidance for the requirements of a weight database for this method is given and an alternative summary method is suggested to overcome difficulties caused by failure to meet certain database requirements of the detail method. Extensive appendices provide necessary figures and equations for using these methods.
Journal of the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers
Decrease of Ship Speed in Actual Seas of a Bulk Carrier in Full Load and Ballast Conditions2012 •
Draft surveys are made in order to determine the quantity of cargo loaded, carried and discharged. This is done by measuring the vessels draft and calculating its displacement prior loading a cargo and after loading of this cargo, taking variables such as weight lightship, ballast water, fuel and stores into account. In order to obtain a reasonable accuracy in this draft survey calculation corrections to the draft readings and it initial corresponding stability values and parameters must be made. General definitions; Displacement of a vessel is the actual total weight of a vessel. It is expressed in metric tons, and is calculated by multiplying the volume of the hull below the waterline (the volume of water it is displacing) by the density of the water. (the density will depend on whether the vessel is in fresh or salt water, or is in the tropics, where water is warmer and hence less dense.) Deadweight of a vessel (often abbreviated as DWT for deadweight tons) is the displacement at any loaded condition minus the lightship weight. It includes the crew, passengers, cargo, fuel, water, and stores. Like Displacement, it is often expressed in long tons or in metric tons Lightship measures the actual weight of the ship with no fuel, passengers, cargo, water, etc. on board. Gross tonnage or Gross Register Tonnage is the total internal volume of a vessel, with some exemptions for non-productive spaces such as crew quarters. There are therefore different gross tonnage measurements (Suez/Panama). Net. Weight or Net Register Tonnage is the volume of cargo the vessel can carry; in other words its the Gross Tonnage minus the volume of spaces that do not hold any cargo (e.g. engine room, bridge, crew spaces, depending which country is making calculations (Suez/Panama)). During a draft survey the vessels draft is measured. The draft is measured at 6 points, 2 x bow, 2 x midships and 2 x at the stern. The draft readings are averaged out in a mean draft. Via calculations this draft reading leads us to the vessels present apparent displacement at the time of our survey. Via on board, ship's specific hydrostatic tables and stability curves. The water density at the time of the draft measurement is also determined by means of a density meter. A very common instrument for the direct measurement of the density of a liquid is the hydrometer, a floater. The density of the water in which the vessel is surveyed directly influences the draft/dept of the vessel. Considering that the hydrostatic tables and stability curves are pre-calculated for displacements of a vessel in water with a standard density of 1.025 (salt water), corrections to the determined draft must be made in order to be able to find the correct displacement of the vessel. Displacement correction, so we will make this correction but instead of correcting the draft we will correct the displacement (at 1.025) that we found from the hydrostatic tables with the mean draft as entry value, These calculations are called the trim corrections. Likewise we will also make a correction for water density but again a tonnage correction and not a draft correction.
International Journal of Maritime History
Tons and Tonnages: Ship Measurement and Shipping Statistics, c. 1870–19801995 •
Weights engineering feeds into hydrostatic trim and stability analysis and hydrodynamic analyses of many sorts. It is an important task that requires attention to detail and hours spent carefully reviewing drawings and manufacturers cut sheets to develop data at the necessary level of detail. What do you do when the ship was built far in the past and few or no drawings exist? What if there are a few drawings and references but they conflict on critical details? Will we ever be able to do an adequate weights analysis? This paper describes several such analyses and the detective work and re-engineering that has gone into developing reasonable weights and centers information for these historic vessels. These analyses were used to support sinking analyses in several cases and the problem is significantly different for a wooden vessel than a iron or steel vessel. The just-submerged analysis is significantly different from the surface analysis. Many tricks of geometry and integrating the results from different software can be used to further the understanding of the missing data.
Journal of Applied Engineering Science
Ship Performance Investigation Due to Deadrise Modification: A Case Study Passenger ShipSpeed is the main factor that is always considered when designing a ship. Also, a ship designer will try to make a good design regarding the ship's fuel efficiency and seakeeping performance. One example is the operation of passenger ships on the Ketapang – Gilimanuk crossing route in Bali, Indonesia. The Bali strait area has uncertainty waves and ocean currents; the determination of environmental characteristics is needed for an investigation. In this paper, a review is carried out on the primary parameters of ship hydrodynamics performance, i.e., hull changes to reduce ship resistance by modifying the bilge radius from angles of 10º, 15º, and 20º. This modification affects the geometric parameters. Two indicators are used to measure the effect of changes: resistance and seakeeping performance. Numerical methods were used to obtain the results, the calculation of the resistance was approached by the Holtrop process of investigation, and the NORDFORSK criteria validated the feas...
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