INDIVIDUAL AUTOR THE ANNALS OF KARNAL HISTORY C H BUCK 13 PREFACE The Annals of Karnal were prepared by me during 1913, with a view to interest both residents and visitors. My thanks are due to Mr. E. Jacob, Secretary of the Municipal Committee, and to several other gentlemen for the assistance they have rendered C. H. BUCK CONTENTS Description I History II Buildings III Residents IV Antiquities V Churches and Cemeteries VI Religious Institutions VII Revenue and Taxation VIII Sports IX Appendices APPENDICES (i) Names of owners and occupiers of bungalows, etc., in the Civil Station (ii) Lists of Civil Officers (iii) Crest in the old barraol (iv) Key to Miss Edea's book, Ist Volume. MAPS I. — The Estate of Karnal and the Grass Farm II. — Cantonments and Sadar Bazar III. —The present Civil Station IV. ─ The City of Karnal (There were no maps with the text. However, some have been added from old records and from own resources –Ranbir S Phaugat) THE ANNALS OF KARNAL 1913 CHAPTER-I DESCRIPTION Karnal is situated 75 miles north of Delhi and 45 south of Ambala on the Grand Trunk Road. The population is about 27,000, having somewhat increased since 1891 when the Delhi-Ambala-Kalka Railway was completed. The town stands upon an immense mound, formed evidently from the fallen ruins of by-gone ages. There are signs that the Jumna once flowed in its immediate vicinity, but the river is now some 7 miles away to the east. The main branch of the Western Jumna Canal passes about 2 miles to the west of the town and the railway is half-way between. The canal was formerly on the east of Karnal, but was re-aligned in 1884—1886 owing to its holding up the drainage and making the place insanitary with swamps. The main portion of the town is enclosed by an old wall, which is almost lost sight of here and there because of extensions outside. This wall was built about 1764 by the order of Raja Gajpat Singh of Jind; it was repaired in 1834 at the expense of Government; those portions, which have been built upon, belong to the owners of the adjoining houses, while other parts are the property of the Municipal Committee. No one is permitted to open a new doorway in the wall, which acts as a safeguard against thieves. There are ten main gates in the wall and they are known by the following names, but none are of any architectural beauty: — ‘Ghazni, Ghosi, Kalandar, Rayan, Nawab, Jatan, Jundla, Banson, Dayalpura and Golak. In addition there is a small doorway into the Ghosi mohalla and another, called the Miran Ghati, at the extreme south; the Golak Gate forms the entrance to the space known as Nawab Ganj, beyond which is the old Wazir Khan Sarai ; there is also an entrance into the Nawab’s stables near the Kalandar Gate. To the north-west of the town is an extensive suburb, which was the Sadr Bazar of the old Cantonment, and is still known by that name. A short distance to the north of the town and bazar are the public offices and Civil Lines on a portion of the site of the old Cantonments. The neighbourhood is well supplied with metalled roads. The streets of the walled-in portion of the town are mostly well paved or metalled; in former days many of them were evidently wide, but continual encroachments, by means of the "thara" trick, have rendered them narrow and crooked. A large portion of the houses are of masonry. The only broad street now to be found is that known as the Chaura Bazar, The Ghosi mohalla, which is in the north-eastern quarter of the town, contains an enormous number of cattle, chiefly buffaloes; they occupy, at night, every available corner, both inside and outside the houses; the Committee have recently framed rules regarding the stabling for animals, and it is hoped that these will effect some improvement. There are over one hundred wells for drinking water within the walls of the town and some fifty mosques. South-east of the Sadr Bazar and west of the City lies the small suburb known as Matak Majra; beyond this is a large pond, on the far bank of which is another collection of mud huts called Chand Sarai. Both of these might with advantage be pulled down and rebuilt on sanitary lines. Between the City and the Sadr Bazar is the cotton-ginning factory of Piari Lall, and at the extreme north-western corner of the City is the fine “Kama " tank. SANITATION M. Jacquemont in 1831 described the sanitation of the City in the following words: — “In the interior, an infamous sink, a heap of every sort of uncleanliness. Amongst heaps of dung, brick-rubbish and concourse of beasts are winding paths scarcely passable for horses, and having here and there a few miserable huts. I have seen nothing so bad in India; and it is fair to mention that amongst the natives its filth is proverbial." This description might still apply to some parts such as Ghosi Mohalla, but is far from applying to the greater part of the town which is now very fairly drained, while the streets are not in bad order. South of the Sadr Bazar is a series of large irregular ponds and old brick-kiln mounds ; near here the dhobis wash clothes, and much of the drainage from the Sadr Bazar finds its way into this neighbourhood, which is most insanitary and badly requires attention, but its improvement will be expensive. The drainage of the whole of Karnal finally passes into the old canal and so away to the south, but some system for disposal of the sewage, at the points where the main drains meet it, would be of advantage. During the past few years the drainage system on the north of the City, where the principal bazars and food supplies are, has been dealt with ; the old underground drains, which for ages past had been a disgrace to the place, have been closed and new open ones made on a re-alignment; this part of the town has also been protected from floods by the construction of an earthen embankment and large drain across the southern end of the encamping ground, while the depressions in that neighbourhood have been partly filled in. It is proposed to introduce steam-boilers and pulsometers for flushing the drains from the wells and Kama tank, which latter could in this way receive a periodical cleansing. The Sadr Bazar drainage and the external systems on the south-east and west of the town require to be dealt with. Many of the roadways in the Sadr might be raised and some more should be metalled. In the Civil Station the drains, which were constructed in the time of the Cantonments, are all well aligned and merely require silt clearance from time to time. The principal sanitary requirement here is a system of raised water-courses for supplying canal water by means of flow instead of lift. In 1909 a slaughter-house for the City and another for the Sadr Bazar were constructed, and a meat market was erected in 1911, near the former. Another meat market is about to be put up for the Sadr Bazar butchers. A grain mandi outside octroi limits and markets for sale of fruit and vegetables would be of benefit to the people and: the former is under consideration. CIVIL STATION The Civil Station is picturesque owing to the amount of verdure it possesses; there are several fine avenues of trees which receive ample irrigation from the canal. To the north and west the extensive grounds of the military grass farm, which at certain seasons has the semblance of an English park. THE WESTERN JUMNA CANAL The Western Jumna Canal enters this district about 25 miles north-east of Karnal, It flows below the bank which separates the khadir and the bangar tracts as far as Indri, where the new line enters the high land and 15 miles further on passes Karnal about two miles west of the town. The old canal ran through the khadir to a point 4 miles below Karnal, where the Grand Trunk Road crosses it by an old Moghal bridge (Badshahi Pul). The canal is said to have been first started by Firoz Shah in 1356 A.D., and it reached Hissar, the following year. In Akbar's reign, Shahab-ud-din Ahmad Khan, Governor of Delhi, repaired it about 1568. In 1648, under the immediate direction of Ali Mardan Khan, a branch was taken off from the old line of canal to supply the fountains of the Imperial palace and adorn the streets of the rising city, which the Emperor Shahjahan was erecting near the site of old Delhi. This canal ceased to flow about the middle of the 18th century and remained in disuse until restoration was commenced by the British in 1815. Since then irrigation has steadily extended. Owing to the bad alignment of the original canal vast swamps were formed, and the tracts in its vicinity were rendered so unhealthy that in 1845 a committee was appointed to examine the districts irrigated by the canal and such other, localities as seemed best suited for a fair comparison with them. This committee assembled at Karnal and acted under the orders of the Commander-in-Chief. It consisted of — W. E. Baker, Major, Engineers H. Yule, Lieutenant, Engineers, T. E. Dempster, Surgeon, 1st Brigade, Horse Artillery --President -- Members Their report gives a most interesting account, with maps and statistics, of the state of the tract near Karnal in the forties of the last century. It is entitled 'The Prevalence of Organic Disease of the Spleen as a test for detecting Malarious Localities in hot Climates’ and it was printed at the office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta, in 1868. In the latter portion of the report appears the following: — Sir, Our attention having been particularly called to the station of Kurnaul, we beg to offer a few remarks shewing briefly the causes to which we attribute the late sickness at that station, and the extent to which they may be removed or palliated. (The insalubrities of Kurnaul has been ascribed to various causes to the prevalence of an epidemic influence, of late years, over the North- Western Provinces (now the United Provinces and south-eastern portion of the Punjab and the Delhi Province) — to its proximity to the Jumna Khadir on the east and to the unhealthy flats of Kythul on the west — to the stiff and retentive nature of its soil — to the swamps bordering on the canal — to the extent of rice cultivation — and to the naturally imperfect drainage, being still further obstructed by the canal embankments. ‘Each of these causes, and especially the first named, have, in our opinion contributed to the unhealthiness of Kurnaul. Some of them are obviously irremediable, but we are satisfied of the practicability of reclaiming the canal swamps, of improving the surface drainage by carrying off the superfluous water under the canal by two tunnels to the Jumna, and of prohibiting irrigation within two miles of the Cantonment pillars.’ It was not, however, until much later that realignment was ordered, and it was only completed in 1896, after which the Sirsa Branch, taking off from Indri, was started. The line of the old canal passes along the eastern outskirts of the Civil Station and the town of Karnal, where it is now utilized for carrying off the drainage. From Indri to Budha Khera within a few miles of Karnal it serves the purpose of an escape. The masonry outlet there was constructed in 1836 by Major Baker, who notes that about half a mile below (on the old canal), is the head of the Karnal Mill Channel, connected with an overfall bridge or weir across the canal. This is now in ruins. He mentions that there were then a few store godowns and workshops attached to the canal depot at Karnal, and that a bungalow had lately been purchased to serve as a first class chowki. Karnal is now the head-quarters of the upper division of this canal, which is in charge of an Executive Engineer and several assistants, one of whom resides at Karnal. The old Moghal Bridge was constructed during the reign of the Emperor Shahjahan; it is well worth seeing, for it is picturesque and a fine example of the excellent masonry work constructed in those days. At each end of the two parapets are pillars of the same shape as the Kos Minars, one of which stands in good repair within a few hundred yards of the bridge to its north at the side of the Grand Trunk Road. Mrs. Colin Mackenzie in her diary of 1846 mentions — --‘That pretty canal we saw near Karnal, is the one which conveys the waters of the Jumna from Karnal to Delhi and is of the greatest importance to the latter city, as both the Jumna and the wells at that place are adulterated with nitrogen and salt, so that there is hardly any pure water save from the Canal.’ CHAPTER-II HISTORY The town of Karnal is said to owe its foundation to Raja Karna, the mythical champion of the Kauravas in the Great War, which forms the theme of the Mahabharata. The tract in which it is situate can boast of a more ancient history than any other in India, for almost every village and stream is connected with the legends of the great national epic. In mediaeval times, however, the place would seem to have been of but little importance, for, while Panipat, Kaithal and Thanesar (Kurukshetra) are mentioned even by the early Arab Geographers, and these towns, with Samana and Sonepat, are commonly referred to by the early writers, Karnal is first mentioned towards the end of the Pathan dynasty. The following is an abstract translation of an account of Karnal town on a vernacular file dated 1867 relating to Bhara Mai's Sarai:— “The Gods and ' Rishis ' went through austerities in this land with a view to perform a Yagna. Brahma himself took part in the Yagna and secured its success. This place was known as Dharma Kshetra. In Treta Yuga also the Rishis and Munis performed austerities here. It was then a forest and remained uninhabited till Duryodhana, in Doapra Yuga, founded a settlement here and gave five villages to Pandavas. During the Great War of Mahabharata Karna had his camp here. The city then lay at a distance from its present site, and was called Karna Kshetra. In Kali Yuga, about seven or eight hundred years ago, the city was founded on its present site and its name changed to Karnal.” Rai Lalji paved the streets of the city in Samhat 1705 (1648 A.D.). In Samhat 1760 Wazir Khan built a pakka sarai and settled Wazirpura, now known as Dayalpura. In Sanibat 1795 (1738 A.D.) Nadir Shah conquered the country and named it Fatahabad, but the name of Karnal was afterwards resumed. In a battle here Rao Balkishan of Rewari was killed and his Chatri (monument) exists on the bank of the canal.In Samhat 1820 Gajpat Singh took possession, and during his time Rai Bhara Mal, Kanungo of Karnal, built the city wall, a temple on the Karna Kshetra and a pakka ghat. It was at Karnal that the Persian Nadir Shah defeated the Moghal Emperor Muhammad Shah in 1789 A.D, The town was subsequently occupied by the Raja of Jind, and then, towards the close of the eighteenth century, by the Mahrattas, who gave the parganah of Karnal with other territory to George Thomas, an Irish adventurer. After the latter's retirement to Hansi, Karnal was occupied by Raja Gurdit Singh of Ladwa. It first came into the possession of the British on the 5th April 1805, when Colonel Burn crossed the Jumna and captured the place after a short siege. Its fall put an end to all Sikh invasions towards the south and east. The Mandals, who now reside in Karnal, held rights in Muzaffarnagar and were given jagirs around Karnal in exchange,in accordance with the policy of Lord Cornwallis, whose idea was to form a net-work of these estates on the western side of the Jumna as a buffer against the Punjab. Karnal owes much of its importance as a town to Raja Gajpat Singh of Jind, who had thewall and small fort outside constructed. This fort was made over in 1805 by General Ochterlony to Muhamdi Khan, Mandal, grandfather of the present Nawab Bahadur Rustam Ali Khan. On Karnal being formed into a Cantonment, however, in 1806, the authorities decided to take it over again, suitable compensation being paid to the Nawab. The Cantonment existed until 1843 when it was removed to Ambala. Karnal seems to have been a very gay station in those days and much of the same size as Meerut. Lieutenant- Colonel Sleeman, in his “Rambles," gives a description of Anglo-Indian society as it existed at the latter place in the thirties, which would probably have applied equally to that of Karnal. He said that although he visited it at the end of the cold season, "yet the European ladies were looking as if they had all come out of their graves, and talking of the necessity of going off to the mountains to renovate as soon as the hotweather should set in. They had literally been fagging themselves to death with gaiety. “Up every night, and all night, at balls and suppers, they could never go out to breath the fresh air of the morning. There is no doubt that sitting up late at night is extremely prejudicial to the health of Europeans in India. J M. Jacquemont too, in writing from Sonepat on the 15th December 1831, says: — “Four days ago I was at Karnal, a great British military station on the Sikh frontier. I alighted at the house of a young officer of my acquaintance whose regiment was to give a ball next day to the whole station. I was pressed to stay four and twenty hours. I was promised that I should see some very pretty girls at the ball. Now it is nearly two months since I saw a European female, and yet I continued my course, and refuged to heave to. Jacquemont was evidently not a ladies' man. A very large proportion of the graves in the old cemetery at Karnal are those of young officers, their wives and children, and this shows that their mode of living was inferior to that of the European privates, of whom Sleeman wrote that they “seem as fresh as if they had never left their native land." The Hon'ble Emily Eden, in her book “Up the Country, "which consists of letters written to her brother in the form of a diary and which was published in 1866, mentions Karnal, through which she passed three times during her travels in India. A few extracts are given below: — ''Kurnaul, March 2, 1838 — We arrived here yesterday; a great ugly scattered cantonment, all barracks, and dust, and guns, and soldiers; and G. had a levee in the morning, and we were 'at home' in the evenin ; and the officers of four regiments, with their wives and daughters, all came and danced. The fashions are even again behind those of Delhi. Mrs. V. appeared in a turban made, I think, of stamped tin moulded into two fans, from which descended a long pleuense feather floating over some very full sleeves. Mrs. Z. did not aspire to anything fanciful, but was simply attired in a plain coloured gown made of a very few yards of sarcenet. We are going to dine with the General to-day — a dinner of sixty people. Tuesday, March 6. — We went to our ball last niqht — it was pretty; the room was hung round with such profusion of garlands and a sort of stage, on which there were green arches decked out with flowers; but what particularly took my fancy was a set of European soldiers dressed up for the night as footmen, real red flush trousers, with blue coats and red collars, and white cotton stockings, and powdered heads, and they carried about trays of tea and ices. ‘After the turbaned heads and - the trash and tiffany,' as Hook says, ‘with which we are surrounded, you cannot conceive what a pleasant English look this gave to the room. Such fat, rosy Enghsh footmen! It is very odd how sometimes the sudden recurrence of some common English custom shows the unnatural state of things in which we live — ' Voila de la pervenche,' only not quite so romantic. To-day, before I was dressed, Eosina said that G.'s nazir wanted to speak to me, and I found him in my tent at the head of at least a hundred yards of trash and tiffany,' come to hope I would ask my lord to stay another day, as tomorrow is the great Mussalman holiday — they call it their Buckra Eed, or Bounds to that effect; and it is, in fact, a commemoration of Abraham offering up Isaac, only they do it in honour of Ishmael. Nothing can be more inconvenient, but I never can refuse the nazir anything, he looks so timid and gentleman-like so I went to G. with the deputation, and we have altered all our plans, and may have to march on Sunday to make up for it, A shocking sacrifice of Christianity to Muhammadanism.’ Camp -one march from Kurnaul, March 8 — We went to the play last night, ‘Tekeli,' and it really was wonderfully well acted. They did much better than the gentleman amateurs al Meerut, and, except that the heroines wore it high and their pink petticoats had not more than three breadths in them, the whole thing was well done ; the scenery and decorations wore excellent, and all got up by the privates. Kumaul, Thursday, Feb. 28, 1899. — We came in this morning with the usual fuss of a Cantonment. I always dread coming back to the two or three regiments we have met before, because they aro all so excessively astonished we do not know them all again. This time there is a hope — I always know Colonel S. because he has only one arm. ‘‘Friday — We had an immense party last night. There are between sixty and seventy ladies living here — most of them deserted by their husbands, who are gone to Cabul ; and they generally shut themselves up, but last night they all agreed to come out. There were some very pretty people among them. "Thanesar, Tuesday, March 6 — 'We left Kurnaul yesterday morning rather late (at least we call half-past six very late), for there was to be a great procession. All the Colonels and various others insisted on riding half-way with G., so he cantered along in the sun, looking very hot, and very much obliged to them, and casting longing looks at the open carriage at his side. All our Aidesde-Camp turned back to pass another day at Kurnaul from the half-way halt. Q. alone, guarded by his engagement to Miss U., was enabled to go on steadily to take care of the camp. I never saw anything so happy as the Aides-de-Camp at Kurnaul; flirting with at least six young ladies at once, visiting and luncheoning all the morning; then our band played on the course in the afternoon, then there were dinners, balls, plays, etc., and they always contrived to get a late supper somewhere, so as to keep it up till four in the morning. "Thanesar, Saturday, November 9, 1839 — ‘In two days we shall be at Kurnaul, where we shall halt the rest of the week; such a dusty, hot place. I never meant when I started in life to march three times through Kurnaul. Camp, Kurnaul, November 13, 1839. — We arrived here yesterday morning, and it is horrible to think how by constantly campaigning about we have become ' Kurnaul's tired deiizens. This is the third time we have been here - the camp is always pitched in precisely the same place; the camp folio werggo and cook at their old ashes. Chance roots up the bones he buried last year; we disturb the same ants' nests; in fact this is our third Kurnaul season,' as people would say of London, or Bath. "We had the same display of troops on arriving, except that a bright yellow General N. has taken his liver complaint home, and a pale primrose General D, who has been renovating for some years at Bath, has come out to take his place. We were at home in the evening, and it was an immense party, but except that pretty Mrs. J., who was at Simla and who looked like a star among the others, the women were all plain. "I don't wonder that if a tolerable looking girl comes up the country that she is persecuted with proposals. There were several gentlemen at Kurnaul, avowedly on the look-out for a wife. Friday, November, 15 — There were some races early yesterday morning to which they expected us to go; so I got up early and went with G., and luckily they were more amusing than most Indian races. Captain Z. revels in a halt at a great station, calls at everybody's house, eats everybody's breakfast, and asks himself to dinner everywhere ; also rides everybody's horses, and as, when he is well fed and thickly clothed, he weighs about four pounds, he is a valuable jockey, and he won two races to his gruat delight," The "Pretty Mrs. James," who is referred to so frequently by Miss Eden in her book “Up the Country," resided in Karnal from 1839 to 1841 with her first husband who was then a Lieutenant in the arm; she was afterwards famous as the beautiful and clever 'Lola Montez," who caused such a sensation in European courts and in society on three Continents until her death in 1861. Mrs. Colin Mackenzie, whose husband was deputed in 1846 to raise the first four Sikh regiments, writes in her diary on the 22nd February 1847, when passing through Karnal: — "Karnal was formerly a very large station, and very healthy, but like every other place in India, subject to occasional epidemics. Lord Ellenborough was here during a week of rain, when fever was prevalent; he hastily decided that it was an unhealthy station, and removed it to Ambala, leaving the barracks, godowns, store-houses and other buildings (a church included), erected at incalculable expense, to go to ruin. Only three families are now stationed here. Just opposite the Dak bungalow is an old serai of the time of the Moghal Emperors, built for the accommodation of travellers; it is a square enclosure with lofty walls and handsome gateways." Further on in her diary this lady notes that she treated a case of enteric with “sago and port-wine," so it is evident that little was known of this disease in those days. Needless to say the treatment did not succeed. THE MUTINY — When the mutiny broke out in 1857, Mr. Macwhirter, the Magistrate of the district, was at Delhi and was killed there. Mr. Richardes, the uncovenanted Deputy Collector, took over charge and kept order, although every other European had left. For his excellent services he was promoted to a permanent Deputy Commissionership. The Raja of Jind collected troops and proceeded by forced marches to Karnal, which he reached on the 18th May. 'He restored order in the town and its vicinity, marched down the Grand Trunk Road and kept the road open between Karnal and Delhi in advance of the British columns. The Maharaja of Patiala did the same for the road north of Karnal as far as Philaur. The Chauhans of the Karnal Nardak behaved well; they assisted in raising a regiment of cavalry and also supplied 250 chaukidars for the protection of the City and Civil Lines, where our ordnance magazine was estabhshed. Ah.ad Ali Khan, the Mandal Nawab of Karnal, from the very first placed himself and his resources unreservedly at our disposal. It was from Kamal that Hodson of Hodson's Horse made his celebrated ride with despatches to Meerut and back. The story is related in detail in his biography by Captain L. Trotter, and the following is taken therefrom: — "As soon as the tidings of the massacre at Delhi reached Simla the Commander-in-Chief issued orders for the despatch of European troops from Kasauli, Daghshai and Subathu. Hodson marched with his regiment to Ambala, where Anson himself arrired on the 15th May to collect a force to act against the mutineers. Hodson then again came to the front. On the 16th May Anson made him Assistant Quartermaster-General to the force he was preparing to lead to Delhi. He empowered Hodson to raise 1,000 irregular horse, placed him at the head of the Intelligence Department and sent him to Kamal for the purpose of restoring communication between that place and Meerut. Hodson was also entrusted with special despatches from General Anson to the Officer Commanding at Meerut, of whose movements nothing had been heard since the outbreak on the 10th May. After arranging matters at Kamal he started for Meerut on the 20th May at the head of a troop of Sikh Horse supplied by the loyal Raja of Jind. Seventy-two hours later he was back again in Kamal, telegraphing to his Chief that he had forced his way to Meerut and obtained all the papers he wanted fram the General there. These he gave him four hours later in Ambala (Ambala is 45 miles and Meerut about 76 miles from Karnal). After reporting to Anson, at Ambala, the result of his mission to Meerut, Hodson returned to Karnal fairly dead beat on the morning of the 25th May. On the same day Anson himself arrived at Karnal. His force was then two brigadies, while a third brigade under Colonel Archdale Wilson had beea ordered from Merrut to join him at Baghpat. On the very next day General Anson was attacked with cholera which carried him off on the morning of the 27th May. With his last breath, he made over the command to Major-General Sir Henry Barnard, who had just arrived from Ambala." General Anson, the Commander-in-Chief, was buried in the cemetery near the old church tower, but his body was afterwards exhumed and sent to England. Brigadier Halifax on the way to Delhi became so ill he had to be sent back, but died at Karnal on the 1st June 1857. About the time of General Anson's, death refugees were arriving from Delhi and the wife of a Captain de Teissier, the Artillery Commandant there, has left on record an account of her perilous journey to Karnal. After wandering in the neighbourhood of Delhi for some days and being several times threatened with death, she at length met a Major Paterson, Mrs. Wood and Mr. Peil, with whom she finally reached Karnal on the 22nd May. She says — "We were informed on our arrival that the British force would all meet at this place and would march on Delhi in about a fortnight," and relates how General Anson arrived a few days later and died of cholera. The head-quarters of the district were located at Karnal in 1858 and the tahsil offices were removed from Gharaunada to hired premises at Karnal in 1868. The “Depot” or Grass Far. — Horse-breeding operations were introduced in the Karnal District under the Stud Department in 1853, the old cavalry barracks being utilized as stables. On the abolition of the Home Stud in 1876, some of the buildings and lands were made over to General Parrott, the Superintendent, who set on foot an exceedingly promising experimentin horse-breeding as a private concern. The remainder of the buildings and the lands were transferred to the Hissar Farm as an auxilary farm in the same year. In 1889 when General Parrott left, a Remount Depot was established at Karnal and this was continued until 1903 when, owing partly to ravages of “surra," it was transferred to Mona in the Shahpur District. Since then the grounds and buildings have been used for the purposes of a Military grass farm, creamery and piggery (Government of India letter No. 8542 D, dated 28th June 1904, Military Department). CHAPTER-III BUILDINGS BARRACKS — In 1806, when the troops first occupied the station,a large number of barracks and bungalows were erected and many of these are still standing. Twelve rows of barracks (82 and 83), with a number of other buildings in the present Grass and Dairy Farm, formed the lines for the two British cavalry regiments, whose parade ground lay due north of these. The 12 long ranges, together with some of the other barrack buildings, are still in excellent repair; they are now used for a variety of purposes, such as quarters for employees, cattle shelters, storing of hay, a piggery and creamery. On the ceiling of a room, about one-third of the way down the third range from the east is the crest of the 3rd King's Own Light Dragoons, now the 3rd King's Own Hussars. This room is said to have been a Sergeants' mess and the drawing, which is painted and in fair preservation, was evidently executed in 1843 when the 3rd Light Cavalry or Dragoons were stationed in Karnal and just before they left the station. A sketch of the crest is given as Appendix III. It will be noticed that no campaign after that of Kabul is shown in the crest, and this fact also fixes the date of its execution. To the east of the cavalry parade ground was the probable site of the racecourse, and at 86 are the remains of a large building, which appears. to have been a ball-room and grand-stand. About one mile away to the east was the British Infantry lines and 24 mounds still remain to show the position of the barrack-rooms. The Infantry parade ground lay between these and the old Church. Just to their south-east was the racquet-court and due east and south were the residences of the officers. No. 89 was a small bazar with a mosque in the centre and to the east of this were the lines of the three Native Infantry regiments. The Horse and Field Artillery barracks wete situate on the present encamping ground at No, 25, and west of these at No, 40 was their bazaar. The Foot, or Heavy, Artillery occupied buildings at No. 5, which now form part of the kutchery. In the south-eastern corner of plot 79 is a building which has recently been used as a Settlement Office ; this formerly contained a swimming bath and billiard room. On the road, close by, stands one of the old Kos Minars; these were erected at intervals to mark the course of the old track between Delhi and Lahore in the reign of the Emperor Shah Jehan about 1632 A. D. by Khan Firoz, who also built hostelries at intervals along the route. Two fine gateways of one of these old serais may be seen at Gharaunda on the grand trunk road, about 12 miles, south of Karnal. The theatre was at No. 89, where the Canal Offices now are, and No. 64 contains the site oi the “Jadu Ghar" or Free-Masons’ Lodge. At 43 were the elephant lines, the ruins of which may still be seen. No. 71, Jora bungalow, was occupied by Mr. (now Sir James) Douie, Settlement Officer. THE OLD FORT — The old fort at No. 15 has had a curious caree; it was constructed by Gajpat Singh, Raja of Jind, about 1764 A.D. and, after being successively occupied bythe Maharattas, George Thomas and the Raja of Ladwa, it was finally captured from him by the British and handed over to the Mandal Nawab of Karnal in 1805; a year later it was taken over again, for use in connection with the cantonments then being built, and a magazine (No. 16, now used as the main post office) was constructed alongside; it has since been used as a residence, quarters for troops, a poor-house, a jail, and a kutchery; Dost Muhammad Khan, Amir of Kabul, resided there for six months, when he was detained at Karnal on his way to Calcutta, and his daughter, who died there, was buried in the north-eastern bastion where the tomb still exists; after the troops abandoned Karnal in 1843, it again became the property of the Nawab of Karnal, from whom, however, it was purchased by Government in 1855 for Rs. 5,161; in 1866 Government handed it over to the District Board on payment of Rs. 2,000, and the district school was r moved into it from the city. Some 20 years later the School "was moved back to the city and the fort re-sold to Government for Rs. 2,500, and since then it has been occupied as a tahsil. In 1858 many of the old military buildings were dismantled and their material utilized for repairing the jail, bridges and other buildings. OCHTERLONY HOUSE — Ochterlony House (No. 10) is the most interesting building in the station; this fine old mansion was erected by Colonel (later General Sir) David Ochterlony in 180607, when Karnal was on the extreme north-western frontier of British territory in India. After the cantonments were given up, the building and its grounds were sold by Government for a small sum to Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan and thereafter it received little attention; in 1886 the District Board made an arrangement with the Nawab to spend Rs. 3,000 on its repair and to lease it as a meeting place, but the idea was abandoned, for in the following year it was decided to build a town-hall in commemoration of QUEEN VICTORIA'S jubilee; in 1888 it was occupied by General Parwez Shah and his followers as a residence and, by 1905, when he left for Lyallpur on receiving a grant of land there, it had fallen into a very dirty state and great disrepair; in 1908 the whole place was like a rabbit warren, the inside being black with smoke and infested with bats; Nawab Rustam Ali Khan was then persuaded to repair it; the earth, which was heaped around, was cleared away and the jungle with which it was surrounded, was cut down; the building was partly re-roofed and the handsome decorations inside restored. On the fluted pillars in the large central room being washed, they were found to be of excellent white polished cement and in appearance of the purest marble; the secret of making this cement appears to have been lost. The main porch still requires proper treatment, and it is unfortunate that, in repairing the two old guard quarters opposite the main building, the original architecture has been destroyed, they having been converted into modern dwellings and surrounded with a high pardah wall. The main entrance of the grounds was at the north and the two sentry boxes and pillars of the gateway still exist; a new entrance has now been made by utilizing the gateway which formerly belonged to house No.13. M ARBLE SPINXES — The latter building was erected by Colonel Palmer of the Indian Army about the same time as Ochterlony House; on the masonry pillars of this gateway are a pair of sphinxes, which were imported from Italy by that officer; they are rare and beautiful sculptures of white marble and were valued in 1875 at £ 1,000; though completely exposed to the action of the weather, they are still in a perfect state of preservation. It is noted in ' Objects of Antiquarian Interest in the Punjab, 1875, " that this property (No. 13) then belonged to a native police officer Kahan Singh, to whom Colonel Palmer willed his property, but it is now in the possession of the Nawab, who has gradually acquired all the land from Ochterlony House to the Tahsil House No 13 is at present used as a court by Khan Bahadur Umar Daraz Ali Khan, Honorary Magistrate and brother of the Nawab; it has recently been entirely modernized. The road between compounds 10, 13 and 9 (a), 11 was handed over to the Nawab by District Board resolution No. 35, dated 8rd October 1908. THE KUTCHERY — In 1854 the Foot Artillery quarters were transferred to the Civil Department and a few years later the head-quarters of the district were removed to Karnal from Panipat, and these buildings were used as a kutchery. For many years Deputy Commissioners complained bitterly of the accommodation, but it was not until 1904-05 that more was provided by the construction of five new court-rooms; these now contain the Deputy Commissioner's, Treasury Officer's, Sub-Judge's and Revenue Assistant's courts, the treasury, inspection of files and registration offices, and the copyists’ room. In the old northern barracks are the police office, nazir's store-room, bar-room, Munsif's and District Judge's courts. The old southern barrack contains the English and Vernacular offices, the revenue and general record-rooms. The treasury and its police guard-room are in two of the old military buildings, others of which are also being utilized for the District Board office, police hospital and quarters, etc. A long shed with twenty partitions for petition-writers, a chaukidar's shed, water-room, and two sheds for suitors are the other buildings in the kutchery compound. THE JAIL — A portion of the present jail (No. 4) was made in 1859 out of two ranges of old cavalry stables north of the kutchery; further additions were made in 1861, the weavers' shed was erected in 1874, and quarters for the jailor and staff in 1895. In 1911 this institution was reduced to the status of a sub-jail. ICE-PITS — In 1876 there was an ice-pit in plot No. 82 (b), maintained in connection with the jail, the prisoners in which had to manufacture ice; this was afterwards abolished owing to representations in Parliament having been made to the effect that prisoners should not be so ill-treated. In cantonment days the ice-pits were situate in plot 53, west of the Sadr Bazar. In the cold weather ice was made in little earthenware pans, placed along small masonry channels in which water stood. Straw was placed over the pans, saltpetre added and water sprinkled from time to time; in the early morning the ice "which had formed in the pans was collected and stored in deep pits, covered with thick thatched roofs, where it remained until required for use in the hot weather. The spot is still known by the name “baraf khana." DAK BUNGALOW — The dak bungalow in 1847 consisted of a room in Khalifa Jitu’s Dak Agency building, now just north of the VICTORIA Memorial Hall and occupied by the Patiala Vakil. It was afterwards moved into a thatched bungalow at No. 26; but, on the present Sessions House being built there, it was located in the thatched house No. 74, rented from the Nawab, and here it remained until 1911, when a new dak bungalow was constructed on plot 29. The site of the present building was kindly presented by Nawab Bahadur Rustam Ali Khan. The old bungalow at 74 has since been used as a shop. DEPUTY COMMISSIONER'S RESIDENCE — The residence of the Deputy Commissioner is at No, 72. Before the present house was built, there was, on the same site, a large thatched bungalow which was burnt down about 1897; it was then known as "Bhattvala.'' In the record of 1852 the name given to it was “ Bungalow Tomson Sahib," and one Joti Parshad was entered as having formerly purchased it, while a person named "Dhonkul" was mentioned as the owner. On the 27th January 1892 it was purchased for Rs. 3,600 for the Nawab of Kunjpura, then a minor under the Court of Wards, at a sale in execution of decree of Norton and Co., Ambala, versus Bishamber Das, Bhat, of Karnal. Later it was discovered that the judgment-debtor's name was not entered in the record, but, after some litigation, the sale was upheld. In 1898 the remains of the bungalow, the compound and out-houses were acquired by Government for Rs. 4,361, and Rs. 280 were granted to the Mandals for their jagir rights. The present residence was then erected and out-houses repaired at a total cost of Rs. 15,000, including the cost of the site. HOUSE OF THE GENERAL COMMANDING THE STATION — House No.19 (a) was the residence of the General Commanding the Station in cantonment days; this house and No. 61 are the only ones in the station with upper storeys; it is still standing, but in considerable disrepair. Opposite this place, on the site of the present Jubilee Town Hall, was a building which is entered in the records as "bungalow pagli mem sahib”- with a note that this probably refers to one Mrs, Freeman." JUBILEE TOWN HALL AND KARNAL CLUB — The Jubilee Town Hall at No. 22 was completed in 1893. It cost Rs. 13,928, obtained by public subscriptions. The building was designed by Mr. McArthur Atkinson, District Engineer, and was transferred to the District Board in 1904. For several years the Board held its meetings here, but it is now used as a club by the residents of the civil station. The entrance fee to the Karnal Club is Rs. 10 and there is a monthly subscription of Rs, 7.' VICTORIA MEMORIAL TOWN HALL— THE VICTORIA Memorial Hall (No. 46) was constructed in 1906 to perpetuate the memory of QUEEN VICTORIA. It was designed by Lala Bhik Chand, Sub-Divisional Officer, Public Works Departemnt, and cost about Rs. 35,000. It was buiit on nazul land, the site of the old cart-stand, which was transferred to the District Board in 1902. The Board now hold their meetings here. It contains a small library and has occasionally been used by Indian gentlemen as a club. District darbars and meetings are held in this hall. An old carved doorway, presented by Lala Shugan Chand of Panipat, was obtained by Mr. Usborne, Deputy Commissioner in 1907 for the main entrance of the hall, but, not proving suitable for this purpose, it was erected inside as an overmantel.[It has now (2007)been moved to Museum site at Panipat as relic of the Raj era]. KING EDWARD Memorial Hospital — The large hospital situate on plot No. 1 was constructed as a memorial of KING EDWARD VII. It was commenced early in 1911 and, on completion, was opened by Sir Louis Dane, Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab, on the 31st March 1913. The buildings were designed by Major C. H. Buck, Deputy Commissioner, and were constructed under the supervision of Messrs. L. Durrell and P. G. Simmons, District Engineers. Lala Bal Mukand, contractor of Karnal, erected the buildings; M. Ghulam Nabi of Karnal constructed the water-works, the gateway, fountain and drains and much of the finishing-off. M. Siraj-ud-din of Lahore executed the marble, tile and inscription work. The total cost was about Rs. 2,80,000, and, in addition, some Rs. 20,000 were spent on furniture, most of which was supplied by Messrs. Allybhoy Vallijee and Sons of Multan; Rs. 800 were also subscribed for a medical library. The site of 19 acres was presented by Nawab Bahadur Rustam Ali Khan and his brother Khan Bahadur Umar Daraz Ali Khan and the Lambardars of Karnal. Funds Were provided as follows: — Contribution by District Board Contributions by Municipal Committee Subscribed by the public By sale of the old buildings Contribution by Government Rs.. 1,60,000 Rs. 4,500 .Rs. 61,800 Rs. 25,000 Rs. 10,000 Total Rs. 2,60,800 MEMBERS The undermentioned gentlemen formed a committee to manage the funds: — 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. The Deputy Commissioner, President* W. Charters, Esquire, Civil Surgeon, The Hon'ble Nawab Muhammad Ibrahim Ali Khan of Kunjpura, Nawab Bahadur Rustam Ali Khan of Karnal, Khan Bahadur Umar Daraz Ali Khan of Karnal, The Tahsildar of Karnal, Lala Banarsi Das of Karnal, Khan Sahib Abdul Sahman Khan, Zaildar of Kaithal, Babu Eandhir Singh of Babaiil, Khan Sahib Muhammad Munir, retired Xtra Assistant Commissioner, Chaudhri Muharram Ali Khan, Zaildar of Panipat, Maulvi Abdul Ghani, Pleader of Karnal, Honorary Secretary This hospital accommodates 116 in-patients; it has a separate dispensary and wards for females and is the finest district hospital in the Punjab. Dr. W. Charters, Civil Surgeon, assisted throughout in arranging for the medical requirements and, since the hospital has been opened, he, with M. Nazir Hussain, Assistant Surgeon, S. Amar Singh, Sub-Assistant Surgeon, and Miss Piyari Ram, female Sub-Assistant Surgeon, aided by a good staff, have rendered the institution popular. DEPOT DUNGALOIC — The bungalow No. 61 was occupied by General Parrott, who for many years managed the remount depot as a private concern; during the period 1904—1910 it was used by Mr. A. M. Stow, Settlement Officer, as a residence. WORSLEIJ SARAI — The “Worsley" or "Kacha" Sarai is in the Sadr Bazar. This sarai was constructed in 1810 by Colonel Worsley, and one of the pillars of the eastern gateway bears the inscription: — ! $ % ' & & " # & () In file No. 64 XVII (revenue) there is a letter dated Ist August 1810 from Colonel Marshall, Commanding at Karnal, to Mr. Fraser, Assistant to the Resident at Delhi, in which he writes: — 'I have just finished a sarai for Colonel Worsley at this place. It is a suare of 125 yards, enclosed with a strong mud wll, having four round portions at the angles. In one half of the enclosure there are flat-roofed room against the wall, 44 in number, with grass chappered verandahs all down the ranges of rooms 8 feet wide resting on pillars. Each of the rooms is 13 feet by 10 feet, and there are two flat-roofed rooms in the middle of the sarai of the good size. The whole expense of the foregoing has been 1,482 rupees." As in the case of other sarais, Bhattiaras were put in to minister to the wants of the public, for whose comfort the sarai was built. The descendants of some of these men brought a suit recently as paupers against Government for a declaratory decree as to their rights of possession in this sarai and obtained a decree which was upheld, on appeal, by the Divisional Judge. The Bhattiaras have thus obtained rights in this old Govern- ment sarai but the gateways and the roadway through it still remain in possession of the Municipal Committee. NAWAB G ANJ— In letter No. 57, dated 22nd March 1862, from the Deputy Commissioner Major W. R. Elliott to the Commissioner, Delhi Division, appears the following: — “The third serai of Karnal is- a pnekahono, which goes by the name of the Kawabganjwala serai and is the property of the Nawab of Karnal and leased by him to Bhutiarahs at the rate of 3 annaa a month per room. The serai has 56 rooms, but the entrance gate is too narrow to admit of carts going into it — that serai and Bhara Mull's are pretty well frequented.” This place is now used as a grain market. There is a right of-way through it to the old Wazir Khan Sarai on its southern aile; the latter is now built over and occupied by a number of separate owners. DHARA M AL’S SARAI OR ST. ELIZABETH’S HOSPITAL — This sarai was built during the rule of Gajpat Singh in 1768 A.D. by a banker named Bhara Mal. It afterwards fell into the possession of the Mandals, but in 1812 it was purchased by the Military Department for Rs. 4,000 and used as a store-house. On the abolition of the cantonments the sarai was transferred to the civil authorities (Secretary to Suddur Board, letter dated 29th January 1848 in District Office and letter dated 8th February 1848 in Public Works Department Office). Suraj Bhan and others, Kanungos of Karnal, laid a claim (continued from 1848 to 1850) to it, alleging that Bhara Mal was their ancestor, but they failed to estabhsh any rights. By Government of India (Revenue and Agriculture) letter No. 767 — 183-2, dated 18th May 1906, this sarai was conveyed by free grant to the S. P. G. and Cambridge Mission of Delhi as a site for the erection of a zenana hospital on the conditions laid down in Finance Department resolution No. 914, dated 19th February 1902. Rupees 5,000 were granted by Government towards the cost of construction, on condition that Government would have a prior lien on the property, should it cease to be used as a hospital. The Mission has to keep the buildings in repair, and the plans of all new buildings have to be passed by the Executive Engineer, Public Works Department. A deed of conveyance was executed in 1907 and registered at Karnal on the 27th January 1908. The Mission female hospital was first started in 1872 and was formerly located in two of the Nawab's houses, connected by an overway passage, in the middle of the city; one of these is now being temporarily used for the city police station. M ACWHIRTER SARAI — The land south of Bhara Mal's sarai up to the grand trunk road was purchased by the Military Department along with that sarai In 1812, and after 1842 it was likewise transferred to the Civil Department. In 1855-59 this land was sold in plots to 5 or 6 persons with a view to erect " Macwhirter Ganj ". Thirty feet of road in the middle, leading to Bhara Mal's sarai, a dargah and the Masjid were declared to be Government property and not sold to any one. NAWAH'S NAYA SARAI — Nawab Bahadur Rustam Ali Khan in 1903 erected a long narrow building as a sarai between the Mission hospital and the grand trunk road opposite the VICTORIA Memorial Hall, but a strip some 30 yards wide between this and the hospital remains nazul property. This new sarai and that of Macwhirter and the dharmsalas are the only ones now regularly used by travellers. WAZIR KHAN’S SARAI — This place has lost the characteristics of a sarai, having been built over, but the entrance gateway remains and bears an inscription with the date 1101 Hijri. It was built in the time of the Emperor Alamgir by Wazir Khan, his prime minister. CITY DISPENSARY — This dispensary was for a long time in a rented house. The present building, designed by Major C. H. Buck, was built in 1911 on a site presented by the following residents of Karnal: — Lalas Ajudhia Parshad, Ram Chandar, Jagan Nath, Ladli Parshad, Gopi Nath, Banarsi Das, Chuni Lai, Niranjan Lai, and Mt. Asa Devi, widow of Lala Nihal Chand. It cost Rs. 8,316, of which Rs. 3,000 were subscribed by Nawab Bahadur Rustam Ali Khan and Khan Bahadur Umar Daraz Ali Khan, Rs. 778 by other citizens, and the balance by the Municipal Committee. CITY POLICE STATION — The city police station wag formerly in a very old house in a walled enclosure of the Chaura Bazar, which was confiscated to Government in 1857. Owing to its having fallen into a ruinous state, the police are temporarily occupying a rented house. Plans are being prepared for a new police station to be erected on the old site which is central and convenient. SCHOOLS — Part of the present High School building was constructed from provincial, district board, municipal and jubilee funds in 1891 at a cost of Rs. 7,946; subsequently additions were made, costing Rs. 4,961. In 1892 the school was moved from the old fort to the new buildings and it was then created a High School. A boarding-house was erected in 1896 at a cost of Rs. 6,193, but this building was subsequently used for class purposes and the boarders accommodated in a hired building at No. 43. In 1901 the S.P. G. Mission acquired the latter for their mission house, or vicarage, and the boarders returned to the old building, an extension costing Rs. 1,447 being made. The old civil hospital buildings are now being converted into a hostel, having been purchased by Government from the District Board for Rs. 25,000. The lower primary department of the High School is at present in a hired building in the Chaura Bazar. On the 1st January 1905 Government took over the High School. Its staff now consists of one Head Master and 22 Assistants. The boys on the roll number 409, of whom 91 are in the lower primary, 113 in the upper primary and 205 in the secondary departments. The income from fees is Rs. 9,196 and the expenditure is Rs. 13,095, of which the Karnal Municipal Committee or District Board have hitiierto contributed Rs. 3,065. The High School has distinguished itself in athletics and won the shields. Mr. Fazal Muhammad Khan, M.A., Head Master for several years, brought the school to a high state of perfection, both educationally and in the field, and in 1908 all three shields were secured, while in 1909 the athletic shield was permanently won. Mr. Ram Chandar, M.A., who succeeded him, has continued the successes, and in 1913 the hockey shield was permanently secured and that for cricket also brought home, while remarkable results have also been achieved m the examinations. The municipal primary schools in Karnal are — 1. Sadr Bazar Branch .. .. 2. Kasoran Branch . . . . . . 3. Manmu Bhanja Branch . . 4. City Girl’s School . . . . 5. Sadr Girls' School ... .. 512 boys 46 43 40 girls 83 Rupees 646 are spent by the Committtee on grants-in-aid to private schools and Rs. 264 on scholarships. It is intended to open an extra school for girls in the city. HOUSES IN THE CITY— The finest of the old houses in the city are those of the Nawab near the Qalandar Gate, of Rup Chand and Birsan in the Hoh Mohalla, of Piari Lal and Mani Ram in Chah Jaurian, those of Ajudhia Parshad, Banarsi Das and Chuni Lal in Mohalla Khatriyan, and of Sumer Chand in Mohalla Kaghzian. The house of Khushwaqt Rai, Pleader, in Mohalla Khatriyan, is the best of the modern resideaces, CHAPTER-IV RESIDENTS EUROPEAN RESIDENTS — The first European to reside in Karnal was George Thomas, who came out to India in 1782 as a man-of-war on board the boats. He lived for some years in the south of India and then took service with the celebrated Begum of Sumroo, who eventually conferred upon him the command of her troops; being driven from this post by intrigues, he gained the favour of Appakhandi Rao, a Mahratta Chieftain, who adopted him as his son and granted him some lands. Distinguishing himself by his exploits against the Sikhs, he obtained further honours, and in 1795 the districts of Sonepat, Panipat and Karnal were presented to him with revenue of ten lakhs of rupees. Thomas thereafter formed an independent sovereignty in the country of Hariana, which for many years had been without any regular Government, and made Hansi his capital. Although unassisted by his countrymen, he maintained his position until the close of the year 1801 when he was driven from his dominions by treachery and died in 1802 on the way to Calcutta. He is said to have resided in the old fort which is now the Tahsil. In 1806 Colonel David Ochterlony erected the fine mansion which bears his name. He was then Agent to the Governor-General for the frontier province of Delhi, but, during the next eight years, spent much of his time at and in the neighbourhood of Karnal and practically made this place his head-quarters. He was promoted to the rank of Major-General in 1814 for his services under Lord Lake. On the outbreak of the Nepal war in 1814 he was given the command of the column operating from the west, and his services were rewarded with a baronetcy in 1815. Subsequently he was promoted to the command of the main force in its advance on Katmandu and, for his success in bringing the war to a satisfactory conclusion, was created G. C. B., the first time that honour had been conferred on an officer of the Indian Army. Ochterlony was born in 1758 and died in 1825, when he was Agent for Rajputana and Delhi. The Ochterlony monument at Calcutta commemorates his name. Colonel Henry Worsley, who was Adjutant-General to the forces in 1810, left his mark in Karnal by founding a sarai, which still bears his name, in the Sadr Bazar. At that time a Colonel D. Marshall was commanding the station. Colonel Palmer of the Indian Army has already been mentioned in Chapter II. The Bengal Army List for 1840 shows that the garrison of Karnal then consisted of — 1st Troop, 1st Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery. 1 Company, 8rd Battalion, Foot Artillery. No. 7 Light Field Battery. Her Majesty's 44th Foot. 8rd Light Cavalry (Dragoons) 6th Light Cavalry (Dragoons). 89th Native Infantry. 64th Native Infantry. 60th Native Infantry, General Parrott was well-known in Karnal, where for many years he maintained the stud farm and remount depot; he resided in bungalow No. 61. Mr. Robert Sale Bruere, who was, for a considerable period,District Superintendent of Police here, after his retirement,resided in house 65, then a thatched one, but moved from there into house 73 in 1908; for a short time he managed the military grass farm. In 1910 he started a company at Karnal to extract rubber from the cryptostegia vine, of which there is a considerable quantity growing wild in the neighbourhood. Unfortunately no machine has yet been invented which will successfully separate the latex, and to do so by hand does not pay. Mr.Sale Bruere is a grandson of Sir Robert Sale of Kabul fame, and is in possession of that officer's medals and papers ; he was born at Kasauli on 5th April 1841 and has spent the greater part of his life in India. In 1852, when a settlement of rights in the civil station was commenced, it came to light that several persons had appropriated houses and compounds, which had been deserted since the troops left; of these Mr. Maddocks, postmaster at Karnal in those days, seems to have taken possession of the station ice-pits and many other plots of ground without any right, but he managed to get his name recorded as owner of several of them. Mr. J. Barry is mentioned as Superintendent of Roads, Karnal, in 1855-56, and he apparently occupied a position similar to that of District Engineer. In September 1858 a Mr. J. W. Bayley, toll collector of Agra, intimated the sale of two bungalows, the estate of his brother Mr. C. Bayley, late postmaster of Delhi, to a Mr. P. Brunet, an indigo planter at Kamal. The records show that at the time of the mutiny there was a small colony of European residents in Kamal, consisting of military officials connected with the remount depot and other persons who had settled here. Karnal is a favourite cold weather resort for retired officers and their families settled in India. The European official community consists of the Deputy Commissioner, the District and Sessions Judge, the Superintendent of Police and his Assistant, Civil Surgeon, Executive Engineer and Sub-Divisional Officer of the Western Jumna Canal, and the District Engineer ; other permanent residents are the mission chaplain, the lady doctor and nursing sisters at St. Ehzabeth's Zenana Hospital and other mission ladies. The names of various civil officers, who have been stationed at Kamal, are given in Appendix I; many of their names are still household words with the villagers, who have their own method of nomenclature, thus: — Fridan is Eraser; Bara Fridan Sahib is William Eraser; Hu Sahib is Hugh Eraser; Alak Jalandar Sahib means Alex. Eraser or Alex. Skinner; Jan Patan Sahib represents John Paton Cubbins;Charlis Sahib is Charles Gubbins and Jiras Saliib is George Ross, who settled the Mandal parganas and the civil station in 1852-56. The following story is related about a former Deputy Commissioner of Karnal. This officer was taken ill and lying at death's door, so the Extra Assistant Commissioner, in the absence of Europeans, thought it desirable to have a coffin made for him in case of an emergency and the necessary orders were issued to the local carpenter. The Deputy Commissioner, however, recovered, and some days later the mistri turned up at his residence and announced "hazur ha hokas laya.” Its acceptance was refused and a bill was then sent in to the Extra Assistant Commissioner, who forwarded it for orders to the Deputy Commissioner. After some discussion the coffin was finally accepted and set up as a bookshelf in the English Office, the cost being met from contingencies. INDIAN RESIDENTS The Mandal family — A long account of the Mandal family and of their customs is given in Ibbetson's settlement report of 1872—1880, pages 206 to 217, and Appendix A thereto; the family is also described in Douie’s Karnal Gazetteer, paragraphs 195-200, and in the " Punjab Chiefs.” Mr. (late Sir Denzil) Ibbetson believed him to be descended from Mula Jats, or Jats who had been converted to Islam, but he notes that they call themselves Pathans and affect the Pathan affix of Khan to their names. The first definite information about thorn is that in 1780 A.D. when the family was residing at Samana, Nawab Majid-uldaula granted to Nawab Sher-ul-din Khan, their ancestor, the parganas of Muzaffarnagar, Shoran and Chitrawal in the Muzaffarnagar District on condition that he furnished for Government service 200 horsemen fully equipped; on the death of the grantee in 1789 the grant was continued on the same terms to his brother Mahomdi Khan by Daulat Rao Sindia. In 1806 this Mahomdi Khan, his nephew Mahomed Ishaq and his cousin Ghairat Ali Khan were in possession of these estates, and, in accordance with the policy of Lord Cornwalhs, they were induced to accept a tract west of the Jumna in exchange. Thus the Mandals came to settle in Karnal. It is very doubtful whether Mr. Ibbetson's idea of the Mandal descent is correct; he has given no reasons, for his assertion and, beyond the fact that the Mandals follow some of the Jat customs, there appears to be no ground for believing them to belong to that tribe. On their seals the ancestors of the present Mandals called themselves "Mandal-i-Nausherani," i.e., the ”Mandal" of the ”Nausheranis,” and we have to decide the meaning of this term. Nausherwan was a Persian King and Nausherwani chiefs have held sway at Kharan in Baluchistan since the 17th century. It appears from inquiries made there and from the Baluchistan Gazetteer that certain Nausheranig proceeded with Abdulla Khan of Kelat, when he accompanied Nadir Shah for the invasion of Delhi in 1738 A.D.; it is probable that a member of the Nausherani family remained at Samana in possession of a tract which was then conquered, and that the present Mandals are descended from him. The meaning of the term ” Mandal " as applied to this family is not certain; in Shakespear's dictionary the word, spelt with a hard ” d," is translated as " a circle, halo; a region, country; a round tent; an officer employed in villages, exciseman," while that spelt with a soft “d " is said to mean a kind of wooden drum; a fountain." Ibbetson refers to “Mandila” as meaning a platform on which guns are mounted. Of all these meanings the most probable is the exciseman or village officer, and it seems likely that an ancestor of the family was a Nausherani who was left in charge of Samana or some other place during the raid of Nadir Shah in order to collect taxes there, that he was therefore called “Mandal-i-Nausherani," and that he and his successors managed to stay in power there. It is not at all uncommon for adventurers and those who conquer and settle in foreign lands to adopt some of the customs of the people among whom they have come, and this would account for the Mandals following certain of the Jat customs. The fact that the affix "Khan" has been used by the family since they were first heard of in this neighbourhood, and that the first known member bore the title of "Nawab," tends to support the theory that they formerly belonged to the Nausherani family of Baluchistan. Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan, father of the present Nawab, gave valuable assistance during the mutiny and for his services the quit-rent of Rs. 5,000 payable by him was remitted in perpetuity; he was also presented with a khillat of Rs. 10,000 in Darbar and permitted to retain two cannon and one hundred armed retainers; these honours have been continued to his successors. He died in 1867 and was succeeded by Azmat Ali Khan, his eldest surviving son, who was given the title of "Nawab Bahadur". Azmat Ali Khan died childless in 1909, and his half brother Muhammad Rustam Ali Khan succeeded to the title of Nawab and the jagir, while he and his brother Muhammad Umar Daraz Ali Khan inherited his estate. Before his death Azmat Ali Khan, who was on bad terms with his half brothers, attempted to alienate his property, but it was brought under the Court of Wards and there is now litigation by the would-be donees to obtain possession thereof. For good services Rustam AH Khan has received the personal title of "Nawab Bahadur" and Umar Daraz Ali Khan that of “Khan Bahadur." The latter is an Honorary Sub-Registrar, Munsif and Magistrate of the 1st class. THE NAWAB OF KUNJPURA — The home of the Nawab of Kunjpura is in the village of that name, 7 miles east of Karnal, but he also has a bungalow in the Civil Station and a house in the Sadr Bazar, so he may be looked upon as a resident of Karnal. He has recently constructed a palatial modern house close to Niawal, some 6 miles from Karnal. The founder oi the Kunjpura family was a Pathan, named Nijabat Khan, whose ancestor came from Kandahar. The fort at Kunjpura was built in 1729; a small state was created in the vicinity, and the position maintained throughout the troublous time of the 18th century until the arrival of the British when jagirs were continued to the family, which owns large estates in the Karnal, Muzaffarnagar and Saharanpur Districts. In 1913 the present Nawab, Muhammad Ibrahim AH Khan, was selected as a member of the Punjab Legislative Council; he is also an Honorary Magistrate. OTHER MUHAMMADAN FAMILIES — The other Muhammadan families of Karnal are not able to trace their ancestors very far back, but M. Ihsan-ul-haq, head teacher in a branch school in the town, is in possesion of a sanad granted by the Emperor Alamgir to his ancestors and conferring on them a small muafi, which however has long since lapsed. This gentleman is Imam of the Idgah and also of the Jama Masjid of Dargah Qalandar Sahib, which latter he holds as a hereditary post. He is also one of the mujaivars of this Dargah. The other oldest families are those of Qazi Muhammad Ibrahim, who holds the post of Qazi of nikah khwans, Ahmad, Ala lambardar, Ahmad Hassan, sarbarah lambardar, and Maulvi Abdul Ghani Kain. The latter gentleman, who practices as a Pleader, for many years acted as Honorary Secretary of the Municipal Committee and has of late years performed the duties of Vice-President; he was granted the Kaisar-iHind silver medal for excellent services rendered on the occasion of a cholera epidemic in the town in 1908. A Sayad family, known as that of Darogha Haidar Ali, came to Karnal after the insurrection at Lucknow and a few of his descendants remain. He was darogha in charge of 100 elephants and rendered excellent service to the British troops under General Gough during the Sikh war by obtaining supplies under great difficulties in addition to his ordinary duties. The other Muhammadans of the place are either artisans or agricultural labourers. Among the former may be mentioned Mistri Inayatulla, whose family has always enjoyed a high reputation for carpentry. HINDU FAMILIES — The principal Hindu families are as follows: — NAME OF FAMILY PRESENT HEAD OF FAMILY BRAHMANS Dyalpura family Prohit family Mishar family Deoki Nandan's family Pt. Shib Chand Pt. Ganga Datt Pt. Jai Bhagwan Pt. Durga Datt MAHAJANS Bahal Singh's family Arainpura family Chaudrian family Dachoriyan family L. Ajodhia Parshad, Banarsi Das L. Cbuni Lai L. Samer Chand, L. BirSen. L. Sita Ram, L. Gordhan Das. L. Badri Parshad, L. Ganpat Bai JATS KADIYAN FAMILY Alu family Bhajju family Balawa family Raja Ram, Dalip Singh and Bharat Singh Ram Singh and Rama Nand, sons of Hardwari Jamna and Arjan Chailu LIORS (?) Gatti family Dallu family Lachhu family Napaid family Jogi family Jagta family Bhagwan Singh Tulla. Khubi and Harnam Hira and Kewal Partapa Harnam and Abhe Ram Nanda, son of Amin Chand son of Ganga Ram LAMBARDARS — The following are the names of the present lamhardars of Karnal; against each is shown the amount of revenue he is responsible for: — Rs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Dewat Ram. Gurdayal….. Jat Surja, son of Khubi, Sarbarah Chhailu Malka……… Jat Nand Ram Amin Chand….. Ror Mangat Harjas,Ror Mangat Data Ram, Jat Khizan Singh Ram Nath, Jat Mansa Ram, Sarbarah Raja Ram Tota ……………Jat Bhartoo ... Harnam ………..Jat Anant Ram . . Ram Rikh …………Jat Fattu Joti ……….Jat Mangat Ram Rattan, Jat Nathu Ram Singh, Jat Badara, son of Laiqa, Sarbarah Ahmad Bakhsh Qalandar Bakhsh, Arain Muhammad Ibrahim.Muhammad Bakhsh, Arain 15. Wah Muhammad. Boshan, Arain 692 692 692 875 875 477 477 907 907 672 672 672 484 699 699 699 (The list of Lambardars need to be verified) INDIAN CHRISTIANS — There is a small community of Indian Christians, and among them may be mentioned Mr. Edwin Jacob. He came to Karnal from Gurgaon in 1898, from which date until 1907 he served as Head Clerk in the Deputy Commissioner's Office; on his retirement from that post he was appointed Head Clerk of the District Board Office and thereafter, in 1911, became Secretary of the Municipal Committee. He has also on various occasions lent his services in an honorary capacity. In 1910 he was selected as a Juror for the Karnal District, and he has been a diocesan lay reader of the Church of England since 1908. In 1910 he received a grant of 97 acres in Bir Basi. Mr. Jacob was born at Mussoorie on the 5th August 1856, and has permanently settled in Karnal, where he owns some property. Owing to his long official connection with the district he has a very intimate knowledge of all its affairs. LEGAL PRACTITIONERS — The following are the names of the legal practitioners at present practising in Karnal: — 1. Mr. Kam Chandar, Barrister-at-Law 2. Mr. Raj Krishna, Barrister-at-Law 3. Pandit Hirde Narain, Pleader 4. Maulvi Abdul Ghani, B.A., LL.B., Pleader 5. B. Baij Nath, B.A., LL.B., Pleader 6. B. Khushwaqt Rai, B.A., LL.B., Pleader 7. B. Baldeo Parshad, B.A., LL.B., Pleader 8. B. Piari Lai, B.A., LL.B., Pleader 9. B. Basant Lai, B.A., LL.B., Pleader 10. L. Ram Chandar, Agarwal, Pleader 11. Diwan Jaggan Nath, Pleader 12. B. Har Narayan, B.A., LL.B., Pleader 13. B. Ganpat Rai, B.A., LL.B., Pleader 14. B. Shib Dyal, Pleader 15. B. Uttam Chand, B.A., LL.B., Pleader 16. B. AbduUa Khan, B.A., Pleader 17. Maulvi Abdul Aziz, Mukhtar 18. Chaudhri Hari Shankar, B.A., Mukhtar 19. B. Daya Ram, Jain, B.A., Mukhtar 20. Diwan Deoki Nandan, Mukhtar CHAPTER-V ANTIQUITIES The principal buildings of antiquarian interest are:— (1) KALANDAR SAHIB'S TOMB — This is situated just outside and to the east of the town. The grave stone is made of marble and decorated with sculpture. This tomb was built by Ghiyas-ud-din, Tughlaq, to the memory of Bu-ali- Kalandar, a very cele- brated saint, who is said to have resided for some time at Budha Khera and eventually settled at Panipat. When at the former place he was visited by a famous fakir who took about with him a most ferocious tiger as a pet. They had a dispute as to which was the bigger man, and this was finally decided in the Kalandar's favour, because he produced a cow which swallowed the tiger. When his guest left he mounted a wall and thus accompanied him to the bank of the river. At Panipat he prayed so constantly that it became laborious to get water for washing his hands each time; so he stood in the Jumna which then flowed close by the town. After standing there seven years the fishes had gnawed his legs and he was so stiff he could hardly move; so he asked the river to step back seven paces. She, in her hurry to oblige the saint, went back seven kos and there she is to this day. He gave the Panipat people a charm which dispelled all the flies from the city; but they grumbled and said they rather killed flies; so he brought them back thousandfold. The people have since repented. The Kalandar died at Budha Khera and there was a good deal of trouble about burying him. He was entombed first at Karnal; but the Panipat people claimed his body and opened the grave, upon which he sat up and looked at them until they felt ashamed. Then they took away some bricks from the grave for the foundation of a shrine; but when they opened the box at Panipat, they found his body in it. So now he has a tomb at Panipat as well as at Karnal, and not to be out-done the people of Budha Khera erected a shrine over the wall on which he used to ride. He died in 724 Hijri. Within the enclosure at Karnal is a handsome mosque and a reservoir with a fountain erected by Emperor Alamgir and on the outside is a kettle-drum balcony. (2) MIRATI SAHIB'S TOMB — This tomb is situated outside the extreme south of the town and alongside is a small mosque and a cemetery containing the graves of Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan, Nawab Bahadur Azmat Ali Khan and many others of the Mandal family. Asthan Sayad Mahmud, alias Miran Sahib, was a saint of considerable fame. The story told of him is that he led a large force to rescue a Brahmin girl who had been carried off by a Raja; the fight is said to have occurred where the railway station of Karnal now stands; the girl was recovered, but some 500 warriors lost their lives and Miran Sahib his hand. For some reason, which is not very clear, his hand was buried at Budhana in Patiala territory and afterwards, when he died in 286 Hijri, his head was entombed at Karnal and his body at Jhinjana in the Muzaffarnagar District. As for the 500 who were killed they were honoured as shahids (martyrs) by the erection of small tombs at the spots where they succumbed. Every Thursday evening Muhammadan fakirs and others light lamps at these shrines, perform certain ceremonies and receive offerings from Hindus. Several of these martyrs seem to have selected the neighbourhood of the civil station for their last resting place, for there is a small tomb to be found in every compound. The kos minar opposite the Deputy Commissioner's residence and the enormous old stone roller about a mile away on the Hansi Road have both been turned into shrines, as also a European monument near the Laldiggi tank in the Grass Farm. The old shrine, or makraba near the police station in the civil station, is said to have been erected in memory of a "Naugaja" or giant 27 feet tall, of whom so many tombs are to be found in various parts of the Punjab. There is also one at Nisang and another at Gharaunda in this district. A few hundred yards away from the Kalandar shrine on the right bank of the old canal is the chhatri of Rao Balkishan of Rewari, who was killed in the battle between the Mahrattas and Raja Bhag Singh at Karnal in 1795. CHAPTER-VI CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES ST. JAMES’ CHURCH — Shortly after the cantonments were estabhshed at Karnal in 1806 a fine church, called “St. James", was constructed (site 87) between the race-course and the infantry parade ground. The body of this building was dismantled and the materials removed to Ambala in 1843 after the troops had left the station. The tower, which is said to have been built by public subscription, was allowed to remain as the subscribers objected to its removal. The latter now stands as a landmark alongside the grand trunk road and contains several memorial tablets which were removed from thewalls of the church. The tower is surmounted by a large ornamental cross. The inscriptions contain the following: — Captain Keily, 13 L. I. . . . . . . 1-9-1882 Eliza, wife of H. Carew, Esquire, Paymaster, 13 Regiment .. .. .. .. 1836 Lieutenant T. Sewell, 13 L. I. . . . . 1836 Child of Major Tronson, H. M.'s 13 L. I. . . . . 8-7-1836 Cornet W. S. Harmey, 3 L. C. .. .. 1-12-1836 Captain E, C. T. B. Huges, Artillery Regiment . , 16-10-1837 Sarah, wife of Mr. John Sperrin, Deputy Assistant Commissary of Ordnance .. .. .. 27-11-1837 Captain G. J. Cookson, Artillery .. .. 20-2-1838 Lieutenant W. Talbot Shakespear, 13 L.L . . 8-4-1838 Son of Lieutenant George King, H. M.'s 13 L. L .. 27-8-1838 Matilda Swayne., .. .. .. 18-8-1840 Lieutenant F. Jenkins, 44th Regiment . . . . 9-9-1840 Captain Edward Macleod Blair, 5th Bengal Light Cavalry, killed in the retreat from Kabul . . ……………….January 1842 Rev. John Spencer .. .. .. 6-2-1843 ST. EMANUEVS CHURCH — St. Emanuel's Church in the civil station (site 62) was constructed in 1861-62 at a cost of Rs. 4,536-8-3 under the direction of Major Elliott and his predecessor, assisted by Captain T. G. Glover, Deputy Superintendent General of Irrigation, K.-W. P. The plan of the church at Gujlanwala was followed. Bishop Cotton preached here on the 26th August 1864. ASCENSION CHURCH — This is the Mission Church and is situated near the Sadr Bazar (sito 49), It is described in Chapter VII and was designed by the Rev. A. Coore of tho Cambridge Mission. CEMETERIES — The oldest European cemetery in Karnal is that in plot 28 between the police station and the ddh bungalow. It contains four tombs, the largest of which is Sacred to the memory of Captain Robert Morris Bagshaw, II Battalion, XVII Regiment, N. L, nat 2 September 1769, Ob 26th February 1807.On another is the inscription " Here lies the body of Jn Banoman son of — Banoman, Drum Major IX Regiment N. I., who died the 8th January 1809." The other two graves are nameless. This small cemetery was enclosed with a masonry wall in 1875. In 1808 a regular cemetery (No. 55 near the Government High School) was prepared and, being unfortunately much required, was entirely filled up during the next thirty-three years. It was left in an utterly neglected state after the cantonment was abandoned in 1843 until 1875, when it was put in thorough repair and laid out with walks. Thereafter it was again allowed to get into disorder and was not repaired until 1909. This cemetery contains a number of fine monuments, but several of these and the greater number of the grave stones has lost their inscriptions through neglect. There are here 585 graves, and a list is maintained in the office of the Executive Engineer, Public Works Department, Ambala, a copy being in the office of the Deputy Commissioner, who is primarily responsible for the upkeep of the cemeteries. The following are some of tho names on the tombs: — No. Name 1 Agnes Maria, infant daughter of 21-11-1885 Lieutenant Colonel G. P. Waymer. WiUiam Roofe, late Riding Master, 9th Light Cavalry 12-1-1838 Mr. Thomas Fraser, for many years head clerk of the Superintending Engineer, N.-W. P. 4-12-1839 Cornet Henry Brougham, 4th' Bengal Lancers .. 10-10-1889 William Tiemey Furgussoh, Ensign, 27 N. I. 9-8-1838 Captain E. C. T. B. Hughes, Regt. of Artillery 16-10-1837 Mary Anne Stuart, daughter of Lieutenant Lindesay, Light Cavahy 8-7-1841 William, son of Lieutenant W, B, Wemyss, 9th Bengal Light Cavalry 15-2-1835 Henry Secunder, son of Ensign Milno, 21st N. I. Harry Faithful Bean, Becond son of Lieutenant Chester, 28rd N. I. Sarah, Wife of Robert Yates, Bandmaster, H. M. 13th L. I. 15. 16. 18. 20. 22. 23. 80. 81. 83. 86. 88. 48. 46. 46. 47. 48. Date of death Emily, daughter of Quarter-Master Sergt. Ch. Bickerton, 6th Regiment N. I. 'W'illiam, son of Lieutenant C. Stewart, Horse Artillery Frederick, son of Lieutenant F. B. Eocke 6th Regiment, Light Cavalry Susan, daughter of Lieutenant Alexander, 6th Regiment, Light Cavalry Catherine, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Gale Francis, son of Captain Brownlow, Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General Age 10 months 6 years. 26 „ 18 84 „ 9 months. 7„ 49. 61. 62. 53. 66. 62. 68. 93. 94. 97. 98. 99. Julia, daughter of Cornet Edmond and Harriett Plowden, 6th Light Cavalry. Andrew Stratton, Esquire, Surgeon, 2nd Light Cavalry Charlotte, daughter of Lieutenant G, St. P. Lawrence, 2nd Light Cavalry. (Elder brother of H. and J. Lawrence) Mary, daughter of Captain Garbett, 10th Artillery Captain John Dethich Croramelin, Bengal Horse Artillery Captain WiUiam Decluzeau, 6th Regiment N. L Lieutenant-Colonel George Herbert Gale, 8th Regiment, Bengal Light Cavalry Lieutenant WiUiam A. H. Heysham, Adjutant, 63 Regiment N.I. Captain Gardner Boyd, 50th Regiment N. L Lieutenant Erroll Blake, Bengal Regiment of Artillery, brother to Lord Wallscourt Brevet-Captain Gilbert Coventry Stren,Band Master, 4th Regiment L. C. Captain G. J. Cookson of Artillery 11-1. Theopholag McPhcrpon, oldest son o! Tho. Metcftlfe, Esquire, C.S. 123. Fred. Stuart, son of I. Dalrymple, Esquire 126. Lieutenant-Colonel Stirling, 4th Light Cavalry 127. Lieutenant-Colonel Commt. R. Clarke, C. B., 4th Regiment, Light Cavalry . . 14^. EUzabeth, wife of Lieutenant R. R. Gillespie, n. M.'s 4th Light Dragoons 180. Lieutenant A. Dowglass, 2nd Battallion, 6th Regiment 186. Paulina, wife of Captain Jn. Swinton, Commanding Corps of Bengal Pioneers (W. Coombs Set., Calcutta.) 260. Captain Charles Alexander Grant, 7th Regiment, Light Cavalry 261. Jane, daughter of Captain Dyson, 2lst Regiment N. L Lieutenant Fred. K. Jenkins, II. ^L's 44th Regiment Lieutenant-Colonel Dickson, Commanding 262. 278. 814. 815. 817. 818. 834. 871. 410. 440. 496. 571. 7th Regiment, Light Cavalry Jfatilda, daughter of Major Stephen Swayne, Commanding 5th Regiment, Bengal N. I. Bernard Pomero, eon of Lieutenant Kendall, Eur. Light Infantry Oswald Hunter, M.D., Surgeon, 6th Light Cavalry Henryshill White, Cornet, 2nd Native Cavalry Georgina, daughter of Lieutenant Wilham Bignell, 63rd N. I. Captain R. T. Greene, H. M.'s 81st Foot Lieutenant John Fred. Sanford, 2nd Battahon, 19th Regiment N. I. Ensign James Cooper, H. M's. 81st Foot Captain Alexander Beatty, H. M.'s 8lst Foot Major Francis Russell Eager, for 80 years in the regiment and in command H. M.'s 81st Foot .. 21-12-1882 50 Just before the cantonments were removed from Karnal a new cemetery was established north of St, James’ Church and this is still in use. The plan below shows the order in which graves have to be placed: — Plots 8, 5 and 6 are for Roman Catholics, plot 12 is unconsecrated, plots A and B contain most of the old graves, plot 4 is at present in use, and plot 2 is to be filled thereafter The list below gives the principal names to be found in this cemetery. The remains of General Anson, Commander-in-Chief of Her Majesty's Indian Forces, who died on 27th May 1857, were also buried here, but they were subsequently exhumed and sent to England at the request of his relatives. He was buried at the spot in plot No. 7 marked with a X. Nothing but a few bricks at present marks the place, but I have proposed that a suitable monument be erected there with the following inscription:— "General Anson, Commander-in-Chief, died of cholera on the 27th May 1857, at Karnal, when he was arranging for the forces to march on Delhi. He was buried at this spot, but his body was afterwards exhumed, at the request of his relatives, and sent to England.” This cemetery was thoroughly repaired in 1875 and it is now in very fair order. The compound of the old St. James' Church was transferred to the S. P. G. Mission in 1903 for use as cemetery for Native Christians. NEW CEMETERY Plots A and B NO. OF GRAVE NAME DATE OF DEATH AGE 80. Annie Newton, wife of Isaac Newton, Civil Surgeon .. 28-8-1867 26 years. 118. Major W. A. Darranew .. 11-8-1888 152 Major-General W. C. Baddeley, C.B. . . 19-12-1842 153 Eobert Dampier Hallifax, eldest son of Rev, Robert Fitzwilliam Hallifax, of Batchcot,near Ludlow, Shropshire, Colonel of H. M.'s 75th Regiment and Brigadier with the Army of Delhi 155. Lieutenant William James Hamilton 157. Rev. Theodore Edward Donkin, Chaplain of Kamal 158. 159. Rev. I. Spencer Lieutenant F. S. MacMohen, 1st European Light Infantry 58 years Brevet-Major W. H. Terraneau, 2nd N. L William James Hamilton, Lieutenant^ H. M. 3rd Regiment of Buffs John M. D'Sa PLOT-I A. Gertrude Edith, wife of Miles Irving, I.CS. 21-1-1905 4. Morris George Bernard Reece, of Cardiff, Assistant Commissioner, Kaithal 5-10-1909 26 years Triphena Harrison 18-1-1913 24 years PLOT-I 88. 89. Captain George Ewen Maepherson, B.Sc. , Officiating Deputy Commissioner, 2nd son of Major-General Sir J, D. Maepherson, K.C.B. .. 17-9-1879 56 years Jean, wife of Major-General Parrott .. 63 „ Lieutenant F. Knowles, H. M. 8rd or K. 0. Light Dragoons George, son of Sergeant William Aesopp; Governor-General's Department ... 154 Is a large monument, but name is unknown 11-1-1889 12-6-1843 14-8-1847 41 ;; 1 year Percy, son of Ella and Percy Russell 16-8-1898 1 year (The above need to be verified) EUROPEAN SOLDIERS’ GRAVE — Between the King Edward Memorial Hospital and the police lines, near the present mortuary, were buried in one grave several European soldiers who died of wounds while on their way to Ambala from the battle field at Delhi in 1857; the spot was enclosed with a masonry wall and covered with a slab in 1875. It is of interest as showing the hasty manner in which the dead were consigned to their restingplace in those troublous times, without even being conyeyed a short mile to the nearest cemetery of consecrated ground. MONUMENT NEAR LALDIGGI TANK IN GRASS FARM — There are two tombs, one with a large monument over it, to the east of the Laldiggi (tank) in the Grass Farm. One story about these is that they are the graves of two Military Commissioned Officers, one a European and the other a Muhammadan, who, at the advent of British rule in these parts, were killed at Karnal in a battle against a Sikh Raja. Another is that an officer erected the monument in memory of a certain Indian lady and that there was an inscription to the effect that she had for many years been his faithful companion ; he himself was afterwards buried alongside; it is said that a certain Settlement Officer had the in Inscription destroyed about 1883. There is tomb of a Shaliid alongside the above and here every Thursday evening offerings are made by Hindus to the Muhammadan custodian. MUHAMMADAN CEMETERIES — There are numerous Muhammadan cemeteries round about the town. The principal of these are of the Mandal family. 1. Sheikhivala Kabristan. — Near house No. 14, map III. Here the mother of Nawab Bahadur Rustam Ah Khan was buried. 2. Kadimi Bagh. — Opposite the Nawab Gate, The following were entombed here: Nawab Ahmad Ali Khan and his sons, Nawab Bahadur Azmat Ali Khan, Mahfuz Ali Khan, Babxnat Ali Khan 3. Miran Sahib Cemetery — Najabat Ali Khan and Saadat Ali Khan of Ghairat Ali Khan's branch; also Muhammad Ali Khan, Ghulam Rasul Khan, Azam Ali Khan. Zaffar Hussain Khan, Mehr Elahi Khan, Karam Elahi Khan and Fatteh Muhammad Khan, all descended from Ishak Khan's branch. 4. Shamsher Ali Khan’s Cemetery — In plot 18 (a) of map I near the tahsil. Shamsher Ali Khan and Khurshaid Ah Khan of Ishak Khan's branch were buried here. 5. Faridi Cemetery. — Outside the Jundla gate, known as Shah' mir ka takya. This contains the graves of Qutb-ud-din Khan, Akbar Khan and Qamr-ud-din Khan of Ghairat Ah Khan's branch. CHAPTER-VII RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS The Karnal Mission S. P. G. — The following note has been kindly supplied by the Rev. A. Coore: — "The Karnal Mission is a branch of the Delhi Mission, maintained by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. The first missionary, Rev. I. C. Whitley, was posted herein 1865, but after remaining two months he was withdrawn, and not sent again till March 1868, when he remained for rather over a year. He was then transferred to Ranchi to begin work among the Kols: where he afterwards became first Bishop of Chota Nagpur. He was gazetted as acting Chaplain. But the Government has not since recognized any connection. The Bishop of Calcutta then instructed the Rev. R. R. Winter, Missionary at Delhito visit Karnal every two months. This continued till 1882 when Padri Tara Chand was appointed and remained here four years. After his time there was no resident Missionary till 1891, when the Rev. A. Haigh came. He was in vahded hama in 1897. Next year the Rev. A. French of Trinity College, Dublin, was sent. He was joined in- 1900 by Mr. Stephen Garabedian, an Armenian, who had finished' his education^ in England. He had an hereditary knowledge of the Muhammadan controversy, Arabic being, hisnative tongue. He took a shop in the bazar which has since been used as a preaching station and place for meeting enquirers. He was here at intervals till 1909, being in the meantime ordained. He is now working among Musalmans in South Africa. The Rev. A. French by his energetic efforts put the mission on a firmer footing. He bought a piece of land near the Sadr in 1900 where the mission house was built two years later, the old boarding-house of the Government School being adapted for the purpose.. He next built the church which was finished, in. 1905 at a cost of nearly 10)000 rupees. The church is in the Romanesque style, capable of seating about 200 people. The west end is incomplete, still lacking a tower,vestry and porch. Previously the Indian congregation had worshipped in the station church. Before this was ready Mr. French had to go on sick leave.. After a time in South Africa he has returned to India and is now in charge of the Hindustani Congregation in Bombay. He was succeeded by Rev. C. H. Hemming who was stationed here till 1912 when he joined the Government establishment. His place was taken by Rev. A. Coore. Female Medical ivork was begun here in 1872 by a Mission Dispensary in the city. Tho development of this is especially associated" with the name of Dr. Muler who is now in charge of St. Stephens' Hospital, Delhi. By hard work and intimate knowledge of the people she won their confidence. More urgent work called her away and in 1897 the dispensary was closed for =8 months, being re-opened by Miss Hull, M.B., who was here till Dr. Muller's return in 1899. During these years the dispensary gradually became a hospital. In 1899 there were 16 beds. It was much cramped for want of room in the city, but Nawab Rustam Ali Khan built a new portion in 1900, without raising the rent. A weekly dispensary was also maintained at Panipat. In 1903 Miss Perry was in charge. Then Doctor Stevenson for two years. She was joined in 1904 by Miss Allen, the first nursing sister from England, who served here till her death four years later. Her place was taken by Sister Wilkinson. In April 1905 the building was practically wrecked by the earthquake. The difficulties attendant upon this were partly responsible for Doctor Stevenson's breakdown. Her leaving was a great loss to the mission. She was a woman of Avonderful power and devotion. The Government gave the old Sarai in 1905, and the building of the new St. Elizabeth's Hospital was taken in hand; the first part was opened in 1908 and it was finally completed in 1912. It consists of three blocks within the old Sarai walls, the dispensary and nurses' quarters, the staff bungalow, and the wards. Doctor Scott took charge in 1906 and with intervals has been here since. Ladies for Zenana teaching have been posted here for many years. There was a non- Christian girls school at one time. One or more catechists and teachers have been continually here and there has been a school for Chamar boys, which has not had an unbroken existence. In 1903 the Government handed over the compound, in which the old station church tower stands, to be a burial-ground lor Indian Christains. The number of Indian Christians at present is about 120. BISHOP OF CALCUTTA — The following extract from the Memoir of the Right Rev. Robert Milman, D. D., Lord Bishop of Calcutta and Metropohtan of India, by his sister Francis Maria Milman, is interesting: — September 1867 — On the 5th he proceded to Delhi, where be only remained a few hours, as the visitation of that city was to take place on his return. This was the first and only time the Bishop halted so much on his journey to Delhi, ior when the railway was extended he used to go to Ambala, a distance of over 1,100 miles, without stopping. It was the last remnant of the cid episcopal tale of travelling. After Delhi the Bishop had his first experience oi&ddk gharri, a sort of small, rough, but not uncomfortable post carriage, in which he was, in the course of the next few years, to travel many weary miles. These dak gharris, or post carriages, on many roads are now in the hands of Government, but in 1867 they belonged to native contractors, and the horses, though frequently changed, were poor animals that often would first refuse to move and then would start of at a gallop in the most reckless manner. The first night that the Bishop's party left Delhi was dark, and before they reached Karnal, a distance of 70 miles, they were run into by three different vehicles, and Mr. Burge, the Chaplain, who was in the last carriage, was upset. The accident was not seen by those in front and he did not arrive till three hours later than the rest of the party, whom he found vainly seeking repose in the heat of the day at a ddk bungalow, or Government rest-house. The Deputy Commissioner at this place, hearing of the accident, sent a soivar or guard, on horse back, with the Bishop for the rest of the journey. Another night's traveUing brought them to Ambala at 4 a. m. It was Sunday, Bo, after a brief rest, at 6 a. m., the Bishop went to the morning service and preached. MUHAMMADAN — The principal mosques of the town are as follows: — 1. Masjid Dargah Qalandar Sahib. 2. Juma Masjid Nawab Sahib, near the house of the late Nawab Muhammad Azmat Ali Khan. 3. Masjid Raiyan. 4. Masjid Qazyan. 5. Masjid Mughalan. 6. Masjid Khan Shahid. 7. Masjid Sarai Pukhta called Unchi Masjid. 8. Masjid Khel, near the house of Nawab Bahadur Rustam Ah Khan. There are also a large number of other small mosques. There used to be a Muhammadan theological school, but it is practically non-existent now and very few boys attend at the mosques for instruction in the Qoran. Competent Mullahs to lead the prayers and Hafiz to read the Qoran are few and far between. The principal shrines are: — 1. Dargah Qalandar Sahib 2. Dargah Parsan Sahib 3. Dargah Miran Sahib 4. Dargah Shah Muhammad Sahibs All of these are situate along the grand trunk road. In the middle of the town near the Jatan Mohalla is a building with a dome where it is said the corpse of Qalandar Sahib was bathed before burial and Shah Muhammad Sahib, whose shrine is mentioned above, is credited with having performed this ceremony. There are four imamharas, namely buildings where marsia majlisis are held during Muharram. Two are in the Sadr, one being in the old house of Darogha Haider Ali and the other near it to the south. The latter building was erected through the efforts of the late Khan Bahadur Sayad Altaf Hosain who for many years was an Extra Assistant Commissioner at Karnal and after retirement became an Honorary Magistrate; his remains were interred in this imamhara. In the town, one is near the Qalandar Gate and was built by the ancestor of a Shiah family; the other is in Mohalla Pirzadgan. At the place where this building stands, Shah Abdul Sahib, whose shrine is near the old canal, used to worship, and a small room called kujra indicates the place where this renowned saint sat absorbed in prayer. The only Muhammadan institution is Anjuman HimayaUi-Islam: Nawab Bahadur Rustam Ali Khan is president and Maulvi Abdul Ghani is general secretary; the object of the society is to protect the religious and social interests of the local Musalmans. The Islamia School has about 156 boys on the rolls. HINDU — The following Hindu Societies were founded in Kamal about the dates given: — ARYA SAMAJ Sanatan Dharm Bal Sabha Hindu Sabha Gaushala Committee Dharmsala Committee Ramlila Committee 1885 1905 1910 1895 1908 1903 The undermentioned are the dharmsalas with the approximate dates of their completion: Lala Ganeshi Lai L. Banarsi Das Henriques 1895 1911 1907 Purani Panchayti 1875 Nai Panchayati 1907 Khatri Muhalla 1902 There are four Hindu private schools, namely: — The Sanscrit School in Qanungo Street, 113 boys; the Kurukshetra Vedya Xjaya School, 154 boys; the Patshala outside the Jundla Gate, 106 boys ; and the Girls' School in the Kot Muhalla. The principal temples are:— Devi Mandir by the Karna tank Jhar Kandi by the Karna tank Kali Mandir „ „ „ Mathra Das temple in Muhalla Kanungoan GoH Mandar in Kot Muhalla Panowala outside the Jundla Gate Hetuwala by the Hetawala tank. CHAPTER-VIII SETTLEMENT, TAXATION AND TRADE The following extracts from Ibbetson's settlement report are of interest: — Settlement of the old Cantonment area — Paragraph 116 — The cantonment of Karnal, which was not moved to Ambala till 1842, was for a long time, with the exception of a small military outpost at Ludhiana, our frontier station. Its size may be judged of from the fact that the monthly pay of the troops amounted, in 1835, to a lakh-and-a-quarter of rupees. This pay was by no means always forthcoming; the Collector often had to borrow at exorbitant rates from the local money-lenders in order to meet urgent demands for arrears of several months standing; and as late as 1840 we find the bills dishonoured for want of funds, and troops actually jimrcbing on service with some months pay owing to them Paragraph 163 — The epidemic (of malaria) of 1841-43, which assumed especial virulence in the canal tract and caused the abandonment of Karnal as a canntonment, led to the appointment of a committee by the Supreme Government to investigate the matter. Paragraph 169 — Karnal Cantonment Lands— “When Katnal was first acquired by us, a considerable area of land close to the town was occupied by the cantonments; and this was added to at various times as military requirements expanded", yearly compensation for the revenue so lost being paid to the Mandals. When, the cantonment was moved to Ambala, the land was occupied for the purposes of a remount depot. But as much of it was not needed it was decided to give up the whole, and lease from the owners so much of it as might be required. Paragraph 170 — How much capital had been expended in the construction of houses, gardens and the like; and the properties so formed had changed hands for consideration. It was therefore- necessary to recognize the interests so acquired. In his minute, dated 16th February 1852, laying down the principles upon which the revision of settlement of 1852 should be made, the LieutenantGovernor remarked as follows: — Section 8 — The Government have determined to reliquish the lands of the Karnal cantonments to the proprietors. The lands will revert to the biswahdars, between whom and the Mandnls the revenue officer must determine a fair jama. Section 9 — All the unoccupied lands will be given up unreservedly to the community of biswahdars. Section 10 — The houses and compounds occupied by individuals should be considered as inferior property {vide section 118, Directions to Settlement Officers), and a fair jama fixed upon them, to be paid by the occupants, Biswahdars, of which jama nine-tenths will go to the Mandals, and one-tenth to the bishwadars. Section 11 — If any land is retained by Government as attached to their own buildings, this should be entered as minhni; and, if it is of considerable extent, a corresponding portion of the payment now made to the Mandals must be continued. But if the land retained is of small extent, there will probably be no objection to discontinue all further payment and leave the matter thus. Paragraph 671 — A careful investigation was therefore made on the lines thus laid down. The area retained as Government property was very small, and remained unassessed. Certain occupied plots were declared the inferior property of the occupiers, and the remainder common land of the village. In 1855-56 Government declared these inferior properties to be transferable and heritable. Some few of the occupiers who could show no sufficient title had been decided to have only a right of occupancy for Ufe and were so recorded. In some of these latter cases the village has recovered the land on the death of occupier ; in others the heirs are still in possession, and have in some cases judicially established their proprietary right. A considerable area of pasture land has been held from that time by Government on lease at a very moderate rent for the purposes of a breeding stud, and, latterly, of a cattle farm. Mr. Stow's Settlement — The following is taken from Mr. A. M. Stow's settlement notes of 1910: — Total area (excluding the depot or grass farm) is 10,133 acres; of this 6,972 acres are cultivated, the details being: — 8,053 acres.. .. Unirrigated. 1,849 acres. . . . . . . . Canal irrigated. 2,070 .. .. .. ... Irrigated by well. One hundred and fifty-eight wells were working in 1910. The land revenue is Rs. 10,562, for the first five years and thereafter the full assessment of Rs. 13,000. The depot was formed into a separate estate vide Financial Commissioner's letter No. 5492, dated 6th September 1906, to Settlement Commissioner, Punjab); its total area is 2,070 acres. The whole estate of Karnal is in the jagir of the Karnal Mandal family which owns 411 cultivated acres; 925 acres are owned by Mahajans and other non-agriculturists, while agriculturists, Jats, Rors and Arains own 343 cultivated acres. 3,949 acres (including 1,998 cultivated) are sliamUat, of which 140 acres (119 cultivated) are in the possession of the Mandals and 90 (86 cultivated) in that of Mahajans and other non-agriculturists, The chahi cultivation is fair. Chillies and tobacco are grown, but the most valuable crop is potatoes, for which good prices are obtained. Wheat and rice are the important canal crops. Little cane is raised. Market gardening should receive an impetus with the new capital at Delhi, also poultry rearing.Tho barani land is valuable for the excellent crops of fodder which find a ready market in the town. The average sale price of cultivated land is Rs. 150 per acre. The rates of rent of land let to tenants-at-will are — Rs. Chahi .. .. .. .. Nahri . . . . . . . Barani .. .. .. .. 10 9 372 A. P. 15 10 2 10 Facility for grain dealing is required and a mandi outside octroi hmits would improve matters. MUNICIPALITY — Besides Imperial customs octroi was levied in Karnal at ad valorem rates varying fron 5 to 10 per cent, on all grains, pulse, sugar, oil, oilseeds, ghi, tobacco, firewood, charcoal, salt and spices within three miles of the town and these dues formed a part of the Imperial revenues till 1823, when grain of all sorts was exempted and the revenue was devoted to local improvements under the management of a municipal committee. A further tax of 6 per cent, on the value of all houses or land sold or mortgaged within the walls of Karnal was levied till 1823, when this and a host of other arbitrary exactions were finally abolished. The Municipality now includes the town of Karnal and the Sadr Bazar, while the Civil Station is a notified area with a separate committee of three appointed members. There is a small house tax, which does not exceed in most cases Rs. 3 per bungalow, in the Civil Station ; from this income a conservancy establishment is maintained and the roads are lighted. The municipal committee of Karnal consists of 12 members; the Deputy Commissioner is President, 4 are appointed and 8 elected. Prior to 1910 there were 18 members, of whom 6 were appointed and 13 elected. The income of the Karnal Municipality is about Rs. 50,000, which is principally derived from octroi. M ANUFACTURES — Before the Cawnpore tanneries and leather factories were started Karnal enjoyed a high reputation for the manufacture of saddlery and boots and the mochis here had large dealings with the Military Department. It is said that at one time they supplied a large firm in England with boots, which were then stamped with a trademark and large numbers of these actually found their way back again to India for sale as being of English manufacture. Tanning is now practised to a small extent, and there are still a few boot-makers in the Sadr Bazar who turn out very fair leather goods. Small durries are made in the town and there is also a glass factory near the municipal town hall which manufactures a large quantity of glass bangles for export. Carpentry was formerly of a high class here, but this also has suffered a decline. There are a few flour-mills worked by oil engines and one cotton ginning factory is now working. CHAPTER-IX Sport SHOOTING — The quality of the shooting round Karnal has greatly declined during the last twenty years, but here and there, if one is lucky, a good mixed bag can sometimes be obtained; thus you may shoot deer at dawn, partridge and hare in the early morning, duck and snipe during the hotter hours and pick-up a peacock on his way to roost for the night as evening calls you home. In old times lions and tigers were to be found near Karnal. Mr. Archer in 1827 said that lions were sometimes seen within 20 miles of Karnal; tigers were certainly plentiful at the beginning of the 19th century and he mentions one having carried off a faqir at the Badshahi bridge a few days before his arrival. He describes Karnal as situated in a large plain but recently recovered from the tigers. In “Mundy's Tour in India" it is stated that in November 1828 he and Lord Combermere, the Commander-in-Chief, with whom he was travelling, arrived at Pewur (Pehowa) from Patiala through a country which, with the exception of sufficient cultivation round the villages for the bare existence of the inhabitants, presents one vast sheet of wild jungle, abounding in game. “Two mounted Shikkarees of the Raja (of Kaithal) brought a couple of wild hogs into camp which they had killed, and three others arrived from Colonel Skinner, to assist us to find a lion between this place and Hansi. Of these animals there were formerly great numbers in the surrounding wilderness; but from the zeal of English sportsmen, and the price put upon their heads by Government, the royal race of the forest-like other Indian dynasties — is either totally extinct, or has been driven farther back into the desert, By crack sportsmen, the lion is reputed to afford better sport than the tiger." Thornton writing in 1834 says that "a few years ago the jungles were infested by lions, which are now rarely met with except further to the west." The numerous jackals are exceedingly tame; they do much damage to the crops and many persons have to go to the Pasteur Institute at Kasauli for treatment after bites from those which are rabid. Common red monkeys abound and are a pest to agriculturists and gardeners. The principal varieties of game are: — The grey and black partridge (the latter are becoming rare); the full, jack and painted snipe; quail (including bush quail) are not plentiful; the sealing-wax bill, pintail, mallard spot-bill, pink-head, shoveller, teal and goose- teal are the common ducks and the grey goose is also found, but for the latter one must go further afield. Peacocks and pigeon are fairly numerous. Hare are plentiful. Chinkara are to be found mostly west of the canal and occasionally a black buck. There are numbers of wild pig in the grass farm and they are plentiful towards the river, but the country is difficult for riding them. The Samora Jhil, 8 miles up the left bank of the canal, and the Bazida Jhil, 5 miles down the grand trunk road, the Dosein Jhil, some 25 miles along the Kaithal road, were formerly well known for duck and snipe, and the swampy ground in the neighbourhood of both Indri and Munak still gives a certain amount of sport. His Majesty the Amir Habibulla Khan of Kabul visited Karnal on the 24th January 1907 to shoot at Dosein Jhil. The arrangements were made by Mr. R. Sale Bruere. FISHING — There are plenty of large fish in the canal and in the tanks of Karnal, but they require a deal of catching. They include mahseer up to 50 lbs., mali to 30 lbs, tingra to 16 lbs. The head of the escape at Indri and below the falls at Karnal near the mill are favourite spots. RACING — In cantonment days Karnal was one of the racing centres and a rival of Meerut, Aligarh and Agra. In the ‘Oriental Sporting Magazine " from 1831 to 1833 appear several articles by a contributor named "Fair Play" who was evidently a young military officer stationed at Karnal. Writing in that magazine for May 1831 he gives an account of five days racing at Karnal in February of that year. The last article concludes: — ‘Thus ended the Karnal meeting of February 1881 and I hope next year the racing men will be more fortunate in their stables and renew the sport with re-doubled vigour. It appears the confederates have great confidence in the powers of their horse Marmion, they having backed him against Mr. Bacon's G. A. Lancer 8 st. 7 lbs. each, three miles for 5,000 rupees, to be run on the first day of the next Meerut meeting." On the 25th February 1832 was a two mile race of 200 gold mohurs and two days later another for 50 gold mohurs, so it appears that there was plenty of money going in those days. Prior to 1861 the Police were directly under the control of the Deputy Commissioner. APPENDIX ll LIST OF CIVIL SURGEONS Captain G. C. Ross, I.M.S. Doctor Radha Kishan, Assistant Surgeon Captain B. Doyle, I.M.S. G. W. P. Dennys, I.M.S. Doctor Bhagwan Das Doctor J. Taffe, I.M.S. „ Jawahir Singh „ T. Barou „ D. N. P. Datta Captain H. J. Dyson, I.M.S. Doctor Bhagwan Das (2nd) „ Sahib Ditta Mai Major J. O'Niell, I.M.S. Doctor Tabu Singh Captain R. J. Macnamara, I.M.S. Doctor Bhagat Ram Sawni. „ W. Marchant „ J. A. Fink Major James Gierke, I.M.S. Captain D. M. Davidson, I.M.S „ E. Wilkinson, I.M.S. Doctor Abnashi Ram „ MulChand Major H. M. Morris, I.M.S. Lieutenant-Colonel B. Doyle, I.M.S. Rai Sahib Sobha Ram Captain H. Ainsworth, I.M.S. Lieutenant M. Corry, I.M.S. Rai Bahadur Mehr Chand Major P. W. O'Gorman, I.M.S. Captain G. M. Smith, I.M.S. Doctor Kidar Nath Bhundari „ Bhagwan Das (2nd) Captain D. H. F. Cowin, I.M.S Lieutenant P. G. Easton, I.M.S. Doctor Miran Bakhsh, Utarid Lieutenant-Colonel T. R. Mulroney, I.M.S Doctor Umrao Raja Lai Lieutenant-Colonel H. Hendley, I.M.S. Lala Maya Das, Assistant Surgeon Captain Abdul Rahman, Lauddie, I.M.S. Poctor E. F. Hottinger „ W. C. M. Charters . . . . 1876-78 1879-81 1881-82 1882-88 1882-83-84 1888-85 1885-86 1886 1886-88 1888-89 1889 1889-90 1889-1890 1890-91 1891 1891-94 1895 1896-96 1896 1896-97 1897 1897-98 1898-99 1900-01 1901 1901 1902 1902 1902-03 1903 1903 1903-04 1904-05 1905 1905-06 1906 1906 1906 1906-07 1908 1908-10 1910 1910 still holding in 1914 CANAL OFFICERS Tho undermentioned Officers have held permanent charge of the post of Executive Engineer of the Western Jumna Canal, Karnal Divison, since 1885. A. B. Pholan E. S. Bellasis A. B. Phelan A. ., Scratchley A. B. Phelan T. R. J. Ward W. P. Brodie F. W. Schonemann R. E. Purvos A. R. Murray C. J. Floyd C. W. Johnson C. H. A. Muller A. J. Wadley R. C. R. Wilson W. T. W. Somers 1885-1891 1891 1891-1894 1894 1894-1896 1896 1896-1897 1897 1897-1902 1900 and 1901 1902 1908-04 1908 and 1904 1904-08 1908-12 1912 VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE MUNICIPAL COMMITTEE M. Sham Lai, Extra Assistant Commissioner M. Gopal Sahai, Extra Assistant Commissioner Sirdar 7ar Mohomed Khan, Extra Assistant Commissioner M. Hardeo Sahai, Tahsildar W. L. Dames, Esquire, Assistant Commissioner Captain H. V. Riddcll, Assistant Comsioner R. G. Thomson, Esquire, Assistant Commissioner J. G. Silcock, Esquire, Assistant Commissioner F. W. Field, Esquire, Extra Assistant Commissioner Abdulla Athums, Extra Assistant Commissioner Mirza Said-ud-din Khan, Extra Assistant Commissioner Sayad Altai Hosein Khan, Extra Assistant Commissioner Hafiz Anwar Ali, Extra Assistant Commissioner. Babu Earn Narain, Pleader R. B. Tilok Chand L. Raghbar Das Lala Ajudhia Parshad Tahsildar, Karnal, ex-offcio. Maulvi Abdul Ghani, Pleader. 1867 1870-72 1880 1884 to 1891 1891 1892 1894 and 1909 1909 1911 Note — Khan Bahadur Shamsher Ali Khan, Mandal, acted as President from 1884 to 1890; before that the Deputy Commissioner was President; Khan Bahadur Sayad Altaf Hosein Khan, retired Extra Assistant Commissioner, was President from 1891 to 1907,since then the Deputy Commissioner has been ex officio President. APPENDIX IV The copy of Miss Eden's book "Up the Country" in the Victoria Memorial Town Hall Library has pencil notes in the margin which supply a key for the first volume to the mysterious initials she made use of. These being worth preservation are given below:— page Initials Marginal note 8 86 Col. L.8 .. 91 80 115 4 117 5 118 124 7 181 10 148 13 159 15 160 22 174 27 376 28 177 41 188 228 61 263 65 F. Lowe. P. Kynonze George, Lord Auckland Dr. D. Mr. & Mrs. A. Coloms ? Lord William Bentinek Mr. & Mrs. C. Torren, Okeden. M D. Davidaon Mt. P. Franco Freueh J. Byrne (or Byne.) Genl N. Mr.Lushington Mr.Laurence (John). D. Miss T. Mr. T. Col. Y. B. Mr C. T. Col. T. Mr. S. Sir G. R. Capt. N. Genl. K. J. C. Esq. ... Major L. ... B. Mr. B. Fanny, her sister Ponsonby Eununge. 261 280 91 c. Sir W. C. ... Miss H. and Mr. G. Beadona. Genl. A. Alland Capt. C. ... Capt. Cane of the 26th, now Colonel at HongKong Mr.— Alexander Fraeer was Collector of Panipat at the time 71 184 Dr. Drummond If K. Stuart. Mr. & Mrs. T. Turners Genl. Ramsay Lranunond Miss Bacon J. Trotter, Opium Agent Young Bolton Clerk Trotter Tapp Mr. Smith Sir Henry Fane Nicolson Churchil J. Colville Sleeman Sir Henry Fane Bird. R. M. Bird, one of the first men in the service Sir G. Clerk Willoughby Cotton