Clinical States of Consciousness Awake, daydreaming, drowsy, highly focused (reported) Dreaming (mostly REM) Semi-conscious,confused, groggy (reported)

Presentation on theme: "Clinical States of Consciousness Awake, daydreaming, drowsy, highly focused (reported) Dreaming (mostly REM) Semi-conscious,confused, groggy (reported)"— Presentation transcript:

1 Clinical States of Consciousness Awake, daydreaming, drowsy, highly focused (reported) Dreaming (mostly REM) Semi-conscious,confused, groggy (reported) Locked in State, paralyzed except for eye movement (conscious) Minimally Conscious State, demonstrates minimal but definite behavioral evidence of self or environmental awareness

2 Clinical States of Consciousness Persistent Vegetative State, only non purposeful movements and reflexes, may startle or orient to sound or light or reflexly smile or cry Coma, reflexes only Death (Clinical vs Brain vs Cardiac)

3 Clinical Brain Death on Life Support No cerebrally mediated movements ie no response to pain (certain spinal reflexes may be present from response to metabolic changes or other stimuli) Absent brain stem reflexes (pupils and eye muscles) Apnea off respirator (Guidelines)

4 Confirmatory Tests Cerebral angiography Flat EEG (30 minutes) Six hour interval repeat exam, no drugs, no hypothermia Controversy exists for Organ Donation after cardiac death (Brain vs Cardiac death)

5 Dreaming Mostly during REM sleep (also seen in mammals) Function, many theories ( rehearse avoidance behaviors, resolve conflicting emotions, creative solutions, integrate and consolidate knowledge and many more) Visual and emotion centers activated, motor paralysed except eyes

6 Medical Conditions Metabolism, nutrients, Cerebrovascular disease, hypotension Neurodegenerative diseases Infections Hormonal Imbalances Immunologic disorders

7 Drugs and Anesthesia drugs that mimic or block neurotransmitters drugs that alter release or reuptake of neurotransmitters Anesthetics may modify ion channels in membranes http://www.wisc- online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP 1201

8 Drugs Level of alertness Level of feeling Altered visual, auditory and sensory perceptions, Altered thinking Addiction Many other

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11 C and Psychiatric Conditions Schizophrenia (hallucinations, thought disorder) Anxiety disorders (GAD, OCD, PA) Depression Bi polar disease Personality disorders (psychopath example) Genes plus environment (nature/nurture)

12 Psychopharmacology –http://www.wisc- online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=NUR35 03http://www.wisc- online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=NUR35 03 http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/antidepr essants/MM00660

13 External Stimulation ECT (depression Transcranial magnetic stimulation (OCD and Depression) www. http:// neuronetics.com/howtmsworks.html

14 Psychotherapy Psychodynamic (psychoanalysis) Cognitive Therapy Exposure and response prevention (OCD) Desensitization (Phobias)

15 Hypnosis Trance like state of mind with focused attention, calm and relaxed, open to suggestions Used to treat pain, change negative behaviors, reduce anxiety, lower blood pressure, reduce chem-induced nausea and vomiting

16 Hypnosis Technique Guided vs Self Neuronal correlates of hypnosis (color tests) Myths: loose free will, unconscious, rare amnesia, against will, restore lost memories NH VT not regulated

17 Meditation http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=sf6Q0G1iH BIhttp://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=sf6Q0G1iH BI http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=medit ation-enhances-attention-video

18 Assignment Labyrinth 3500 years old Medieval churches eg Chartres Creates mindfulness Rollins Chapel

19 http://www.flickr.com/photos/77615443@N00/64365347/

20 Normal Quirks Blind spot, Cutaneous rabbit, synesthesia Change blindness http://www.usd.edu/psyc301/ChangeBlindness.ht ml Inattention blindness Motion induced blindness Optical and auditory illusions http://www.brl.ntt.co.jp/IllusionForum/basics/visu al/english/GE.munster.html

21 Pathologic Variations Consciousness Blind sight Capgras delusion Phantom limb Hemiagnosia Déjà vu Split brain

22 Unexplained Phenomena Mind reading Out of body experience Near death experience Remote viewing Psychics http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=- 3396869920557391806&q=randi&hl=en

23 Debunking contd http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=QlfMsZwr8 rc