Computer Codes Rohit Khokher. Computer Codes Data types NumericNonnumeric IntegerRealAlphabet A, B, C, …,Z a, b, c,…,z Digits 0,…,9 Special Characters.

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1 Computer Codes Rohit Khokher

2 Computer Codes Data types NumericNonnumeric IntegerRealAlphabet A, B, C, …,Z a, b, c,…,z Digits 0,…,9 Special Characters +,-, /, *,~,`,!, @, #,$,%, ^, &, (, ),_ =,, :,;,., [,],{, }, …

3 Computer Codes Any data is internally represented using bits (0 and 1) Computer codes were invented by grouping the bits to represent the data types A group consisting of n bits was called n-bit- byte. The group size is standardized to 8-bits. Now a byte means a group of 8-bits.

4 BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) Code 1000001 2000010 3000011 4000100 5000101 6000110 7000111 8001000 9001001 0001010 BCD Code Zone Digits Binary code A110001 B110010 C110011 D110100 E110101 F110110 G110111 H111000 I111001 BCD Code Zone Alphabet Binary code J100001 K100010 L100011 M100100 N100101 O100110 P100111 Q101000 R101001 BCD Code Zone Alphabet Binary code s010001 T010010 U010011 V010100 W010101 X010110 Y010111 Z011000 BCD Code Zone Alphabet Binary code

5 BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) Code In BCD code digits 1 to 9 and alphabet A-Z are coded using Zone (2)bits + (Binary equivalent of digits 1 to 9) 4 bits BCD code uses 6 bits, so there are 2 6 (64) codes 9 codes for digits, 1 for 0, 26 for alphabet and 28 codes for other characters. 2 6 (64) codes are insufficient to generate codes for all the required characters.

6 EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange code EBCDIC 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 9+9+8+10 =36 Codes But, there may be 2 8 =256 possible code A to I J to R S to Z C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 0 to 9 ZonesZones

7 ASCII American Standard Code for Information Exchange (ASCII) ASCII-7 zone (3bits) digit (4-bits) ASCII -8 zone (4bits) digit (4-bits)

8 COLLATING SEQUENCES A<B<C<…<Z 0<1<2<…<9 Search for other Characters & Prepare a report