Abstract
The article provides an overview of the research on the association between identifications (ID) of employees and their organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and reports findings of a meta-analysis of empirically observed correlations (k = 149) between the two. Our analyses distinguished among six ID levels (personal, interpersonal, micro-group, group, sub-organizational, and organizational) and five OCB types identified as directed toward: individual performance, other individuals, relationships, organizational (group) performance, and maintaining rules and regulations. In addition, we systematically collected, analyzed, and reported data on geography of research, field of organization’s activity, respondents’ demographic characteristics, methods of measuring ID and OCB. In particular, we found that organizational identification is more often considered as a correlate of OCB than group and interpersonal identifications are, the cases of correlation between either sub-organizational or micro-group identifications with the OCB measures are exceedingly rare, whereas no empirical investigation of the association between personal identification and OCB could be found. The overall weighted average effect size indicates moderate positive relationships between employees’ identifications and their citizenship behaviors. Subsequent analyses of moderator variables discovered various degrees of strength of association between ID and OCB, depending on their specific combinations, so that the same level of identification could have uneven correlations with different types of OCB and vice versa. The associations between identifications and OCB strongly depend on how the latter is assessed: trough employees’ self-reports, supervisors’ evaluation, or colleagues’ assessment. Our review also addresses gaps and limitations in the existing empirical literature and discusses directions for future research.
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Data availability statement
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available in the Figshare repository (DOI: 10.6084 / m9.figshare.13400660).
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Acknowledgements
The authors express their sincere gratitude to Ph.D. and Master students of the Southern Federal University (Russia): A. Filatova, M. Grishina, A. Kondryukova, E. Sal'nikova, S. Sukhorukov, N. Senkina and D. Nikiforova—for their help in selecting and reviewing empirical research for inclusion in the meta-analysis and to the Information Specialist of the Centre for the Study of Learning and Performance at Concordia University (Canada) D. Pickup—for his contribution to designing and implementing systematic search strategy for the meta-analysis.
Funding
This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project N 19–013-00393, “Identities and organizational behaviours of employees: A multilevel analysis”).
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Appendices
Appendix
List of instruments/scales of identification assessment used in the excluded studies
Affective Commitment Scale, ACS (Allen and Meyer 1990).
Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, OCQ (Mowday et al. 1979).
Organizational Moral Identity Centrality and Individual Moral Identity Centrality Scales (Matherne et al. 2018).
Attractiveness of Perceived Organizational Identity Scale (Dukerich et al. 2002).
Organizational Identification Questionnaire, OIQ (Cheney 1983).
Organization Identification Subscale (O’Reilly and Chatman 1986).
Organizational Identification Subscale, a part of the Contextual Performance Scale (Hu et al. 2015).
Subscale Identification with the Company (Farh et al. 1997).
Subscales of Disidentification, Ambivalent Identification, and Neutral Identification (Kreiner and Ashforth 2004).
Ingroup Identification Questionnaire (Leach et al. 2008).
Group Identity Scale (Bouas and Arrow 1995).
Collective Self-Esteem Scale, CSE (Luhtanen and Crocker 1992).
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Sidorenkov, A.V., Borokhovski, E.F. & Vorontsov, D.V. Associations of employees’ identification and citizenship behavior in organization: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Manag Rev Q 73, 695–729 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-022-00258-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-022-00258-9
Keywords
- Employees’ identifications
- Organizational citizenship behaviors
- Meta-analysis
- Method of evaluation
- Correlation