Various Authors, Phan Meee In Thoe Alwan Sar by Myanmar Books

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wifr;kd (1933-2007) trnf&if; OD;b*srf;? 1933 Ed0k ifbm 19 &ufaeŒwGif jrif;jcHc±dik f awmifomòrdŒe,f uefjrJaus;&GmY tb OD;btd/k trd a':pHx,fwdkŒu zGm;jrifonf? Z*srf; wdkif;&if;jrefrmtv,fwef;ausmif;/ rEœav; ausmif;wdkufq&mawmf OD;tmp& ausmif;/ yckuLU OD;cifarmif}u;D usL&Siaf usmif;wdŒk wGif wufa&muf ynmoif=um;cJ+h y;D q,fwef; pmar;yGu J kd 1957 ckEpS w f iG f yckuLU c±dik f a&póud tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rS jrefrmpm*k%x f ;l jzifh atmifjrifonf? 1957 wGif rEœav;wuUodkvfY pwif ynmoif=um;onf? 1950 oDwif;u|wt f xl;xkwf rEœav;òrŒd y[d&k pf nf owif;pmwGif ‘0gu|wo f bif’uAsmudk ‘uefjrJoufESif;’ uavmiftrnfjzifh a&;zGJŒI pmayavmuodkŒ pwifajccsonf? 1951 txufArmEkid if H pma&;q&mtoif;. ‘pmqdak wmf’ r*~Zif;wGif ‘uefjrJ eef;jrifEh , G ’f uavmiftrnfjzifh ‘v,fxJu aw;oHcsKd’ uAsmudk a&;pyfonf? 1955-58 ‘udk&if*srf;’/ ‘pef;a&mif’ uavmif trnfcGJrsm;jzifh a&;om;onf? 1958 azazmf0g&DrS pI ‘wifrdk;’ uavmiftrnfudk pwif oHk;pGJonf? 1958-59 rEœav;wuUodkvf uavmif&Siftoif; 'kwd, OuUÏ/ 1960 wGif OuUÏtjzpf aqmif&u G o f nf? 1959 azazmf0g&DvwGif rEœav;wuUodkvf uavmif&Siftoif; pmpOf pmtkyftrSwf 1 tjzpf ‘zefr;D tdr’f uAsmpmtkyx f w k af 0+yD; xdpk mtkyjf zifh 1959 ckEpS f pmayAdrmefqk &&So d nf? 1963-67 txufArmEdkifiH pma&;q&mtoif; tr_aqmiftjzpf wm0ef,lonf? 1965 rEœav;wuUov kd u f 0dZm… bGŒJ &&So d nf? zefr;D tdrf pmtkyw f u kd u f kd wnfaxmifonf? 1966-67 vlxkowif;pm uAsmu¾ t,f'Dwm tjzpf aqmif&Gufonf? 1967-87 wuUodkvf bmomjyefESifh pmtkyfxkwfa0a&;XmeY pmðyESifh vufaxmuf t,f'Dwm tjzpf tr_xrf;onf? 1967-84 tajccHynm oif±dk;!$ef;wrf;/ jrefrmpmoif±kd; tzGJ@0iftjzpf ausmif;oHk;jrefrm zwfpm pmtkyfrsm;twGuf pmrla&G;cs,fjcif;/ a&;om;jcif;rsm; vkyfaqmifonf? q&m a&;om;onfh ‘u uav;i,f csppf zG,’f ‘c ca&uH;k rav;ðy;H ’ tpcsD jrefrmoifyek ;f }u;D zwfpm/ ‘rr 00 xxu/ tu yxr/ uom uyg rr&m/ nn vomom/ ntcg igpm&/ rr 00 uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm xxu’ ‘,kefuav;u em;&Gufaxmif ynm&Sda,mifa,mif/ a=umifuav;u vufonf; 0Suf acsmif;vdkuf&wJhºuGuf æ’ ponfh qdkvG,frSwfvG,faom uav;uAsmrsm;rSm vlodrsm; xif&Sm;onf? 1970 ‘xD;uav;eJ@reD’ uAsmpmtkyfjzifh trsKd;om;pmayqk &&Sdonf? 1988 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfyw kH iG f wufºuGpmG yg0ifvy_ &f mS ;+yD; trsK;d om;'Dru kd a&pDtzG@J csKyf wwfodynm&Sifrsm;tzGJ@wGif yg0ifonf? 1991 ayzl;v$mr*~Zif; t,f'DwmcsKyftjzpf wm0ef,lonf? 1991-95 ppftpdk;&. zrf;qD; axmifcsjcif;udk cH&onf? udk&if*srf;&JŒ yef;vufaqmif (1958)/ zefrD;tdrf (1959) pmayAdrmefqk&/ avSwpif;ESifh oDcsif;onf (1963)/ tzdk;u0d uAsmrsm; (1964)/ tarhausmif; (1965)/ vlav;}uD;&if bmvkyfr,f (1966)/ yef;aps;cif; (1967)/ pdrf;vef;aom tdyfruf (1969)/ ydawmufrS o&zD (1969) trsK;d om;pmayqk&/ xD;uav;eJ@ reD (1970)/ qD;oD;onf rAsKid ;f (1972)/ ckepfpif=u,f (1972)/ ESi;f qDyiG ahf y: tdyaf ysmjf cif; (1973)/ ysK;d cif;aw;oH (1973)/ ylpD (1975)/ yk*aH usmif;u acgif;avmif;oH (1977)/ udk&if*srf;tprf;pm/ uav;uAsmyef;O,smOf (1977)/ uHhaumf&dyfrS tdyfrufrsm; (1997)/ uEœm&ESpfrsm; (1998) ponfh pmtkyfrsm; xGuf&Sdonf? 1999 wGif jynfyodk@ xGufcGmcJh+yD;aemuf Ak'<ESifhawG@qHkjcif;ESifh tjcm;uAsmrsm; (2000)/ cGyaf 'gi;f tvHac:&mod@k (2002)/ opf&u G af ºuaG v;ay:rSma&;wJh rSww f rf; (2004)/ uAsmaygi;f csKyf 1999 (2004)/ tnmvrf;u wrmwef; (2006) uAsmpmtkyrf sm; xkwaf 0cJ+h yD; uG,v f eG cf sed f txd uAsmrsm; yHkrSefa&;zGJ@onf? 1999-2007 jynfyodk@pa&muf&SdcsdefrSpI jynfy tajcpdkuf AGDtdkat/ bDbDpD (jrefrmykdif;)/ tm&ftufzf at/ 'DAGDbD/ rdk;rc/ acwfòydif/ {&m0wD tp&Sdonfh jrefrmtifwmeuf a&'D,dk pme,fZif;rsm;wGif pmyHkrSef a&;om;jcif;/ uAsm&Gwfjcif;rsm; vkyfaqmifonf? xdkif;EdkifiH/ awmifudk&D;,m;/ *syefESifh tdENd,EdkifiH tajcpdkuf jrefrmpmaytiftm;pkrsm;/ tzG@J tpnf;rsm;. pmaya&;&mudprP sm;wGif t=uH^m%fay;wdu k w f eG ;f ulnrD r_ sm; tpOfwpdu k f vkyaf qmifay;cJo h nf? tar&duefjynfaxmifpk qefz&efppPuòkd rd@ tajcpdu k f ‘rd;k rc’ a&'D,Ekd iS hf rD'D,mwGif tr_aqmifvl}uD;tjzpf aqmif&Gufonf? 2002 ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk tajcpdkuf vl@tcGifhta&;apmifh=unfhr_tzGJ@ (Human Rights Watch) rS Hellman-Hammett Grants qkcsD;jr‡ifhjcif; cH&onf? 2004 atmufwdkbmwGif e,fomvefEdkifiHrS Prince Claus Awards pmayqk csD;jr‡ifhjcif; cH&onf? 2007 Zefe0g&D 22 &ufae@wGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk u,fvDzdk;eD;,m;jynfe,f avmhpftdef*svdpfòrd@ aetdrfteD; vufzuf&nfqdkifav;Y uG,fvGefonf? Ô 6

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vlxk a':trm (Zefe0g&D 23/ 2007)

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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'g æ uAsmq&m? vlxk uAsm q&m? &ifxrJ mS u|efawmf usL;&ifv h u kd rf w d ,f? acgif;awG qwfceJarmh? yg;pyfawG yGi?hf xkid &f mu x-u? vlxk uAsmq&mqdw k m 'gyJjzpfw,f? acgif;awG qwfceJ armh? yg;pyfawG yGi?hf xkid &f m u x-u? av#mufae+yDu;kd ? q&mu acgif;wndwf ndwf/ tðyH;eJ@ jyefE_wfquf vd@k ? u|eaf wmfuawmh q&m i,fawG&J@óudqdkyHkudk tHhtm; oifh/ 0rf;om/ =unfEl; æ ? 'g æ uAsmq&m? vl x k uAsmq&m? &if x J r S m u|ef a wmf usL;&if h v d k u f r d w,f? acgif;awG qwfceJ armh? yg;pyfawG yGi?hf xkid &f m u x=u? vlxk uAsmq&m qdkwm 'gyJjzpfw,f? acgif; awG qwfceJ armh? yg;pyfawG yGifh? xkdif&m u x=u? q&mr}uD;awGe@J uAsm q&m}uD; wifrdk; a&S;a[mif; aES m if ; jzpf a jym+yD ; wJ h t cg/ vmwJhtwkdif; u|efawmfwdk@ jyef=uygw,f? 'DtcgrmS awmh q&mr}uD;u 'g uAsmq&m }uD ; wif r d k ; vd k @ ra=unm

awmhygb;l ? q&mi,fawGuvnf; wòydiw f nf; r&yf=uawmh bl;? 'gayr,fh olwdk@ &yfw,f? xdyfqHk;rSm&SdwJh q&mi,fu ol@a&S@ukd uAsmq&m}uD;jzwfwt hJ cg rwfwwf&yfvu dk w f ,f? ausmfoGm;+yD;awmh ol jyefxkdifw,f? olxkdifcsdefrSm oleJ@ uyfvsuf q&mi,fu rwfwwf&yfae+yD? 'Dvedk @J uAsmq&m }uD;wifrdk; jzwfav#mufaewJhtcsdefawGrSm q&m/ q&mri,f awGu xvkduf xkdifvkdufeJ@ vd_if;vHk;}uD; wvHk;[m edrfhvdkuf jrifhvdkuf jzwfoGm;aeovdkygyJ? tJ'D rE aW v;wuUov kd x f u J v_id ;f vH;k }u;D [m jrefrmjynf tES@H ? a[m æ tck Ekid if w H umtES@H ? 'g vlxk uAsmjzpfw,f? acgif;awG qwfceJarmh? yg;pyfawG yGifh? xkdif&mu x=u? vd_if;vHk;}uD;awG vdrfhwuf? 'g vlxk uAsmq&mjzpfw,f? b,fu q&m tm;awG&ovJ u|efawmf pOf;pm;=unhf w,f? uAsmq&m&J@ ESv;kH om;qdw k m wdraf wGe@J wlw,f? El;nHh w,f? jzLazG;w,f? vGifharsmw,f? aumif;uifrSmaew,f? tJ'D ESvHk;om;wdrfawGu vlawG&J@pdwful;eJ@ tZÆwWudk E_d;qG/ Ek;d xapw,f? 'gayr,fh wdraf wGu wcke@J wck wlwm r[kwb f ;l ? wcsK@d u wpfp æ æ ESppf / wcsK@d u wpfqyk f æ æ ESpq f yk /f wcsK@d u

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm wpftkyf ESpftkyf/ wcsKd@u jzLwvSnfh/ ndK wvSn?hf tJovkd trsKd;rsKd;&Sd=uwJh wdrfawG=um; rSm q&mh&J@ESvHk;om;uawmh wdrfwdkuf}uD; jzpfw,f? trsKd;om;&eH@eJ@ vGifharsmaew,f/ rdcif&@J Ev S ;kH om;vdk El;nhw H ,f? uav;&J@tðyH; vdk jzLpifw,f? aumif;uifrSm zefrD;tdrf wvHk;eJ@ vrif;ukd *Dwqufuyfw,f? aumif;uifrSmaewJhtcg avmuukd tyl'%fu vGwfatmif/ tJ'D ESvHk;om;wdrf wkduf}uD;u jynfoludk umuG,fay;w,f? tarSmifcsO;f vmwJt h cg/ jynfot l ay: tvif; udk zGiafh y;w,f? cyfrqdw+f idro f ufaewJt h cg/ xpfcsKef;ac:oH qihw f ,f? vlom;eJ@avmuudk apmfum;vm=uwJhtcg/ tJ'Dwdrfwkduf}uD;u rkew f ikd ;f jzpfomG ;wwfw,f?

rsuf&nfawG jzpfoGm;jyefw,f? jrefrm uAsmq&m}uD; wifr;kd uG,v f eG f oG m ;cJ h y gw,f ? ±k y f u rB m ±k y f a vmurS m obm0"rReJ@ avsmfnDpGm ol@oufwrf;u tuef@towf &SdcJh&w,f? 'gayr,fh jrefrm jynfoal wG&@J pdwu f rBm/ pdwaf vmurSmawmh uAsmq&m}uD; wifr;kd &J@ oufwrf;u tuef@ towfrJh/ tE Wdr jzpfw,f? ±kyfurBm/ ±kyf avmurSm uAsmq&mudk a0'ema&m*gu ±kwjf cnf; wku d cf u kd o f wfypfEidk w f ,f? 'gayr,fh jrefrmjynfoal wG&@J ESv;kH om;urBm/ ESv;kH om; avmurSmawmh trSefw&m;/ w&m;r#wr_/ vGwfvyfcGifh/ +idrf;csrf;a&;eJ@ arwWmw&m;udk b,f r d p > m rS owf v d k @ r&ovd k y J / uAsm q&m}uD; wifrdk;u &SifoefaeqJjzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh æ æ

'gwifrubl;? tJ'D wdrfwdkuf}uD;u rdk; tjzpfvnf; ajrudk qif;wwfayao;&J@? zdEydS &f ufpufra_ wG =urf;&rf;vmwJt h cg/ tJ'D rkd;u a'gorsuf&nfjzpfw,f? ajrywf=um;tuf/ acgifcsuf &ufquf vmwJhtcg/ tJ'D rdk;u yifysKd&GufEkopfap w,f? qmavmif r G w f o d y f r _ e J @ uav;awG ikdnnf;aewJhtcg tJ'Drkd;u um&ef ykvJykwD; aphawG oDw,f? pmoifausmif;awGrSm jrefrmausmif; om;awG &Sio f efaewJt h cg/ tJ'D rk;d u 0rf;om 38

uAsmq&m wifrdk; ruG,fvGefao;bl;? uAsmq&m wifrdk; ruG,fvGefao;bl;? uAsmq&m wifrdk; ruG,fvGefao;bl;? ÔÔÔÔ

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

eef;!GefŒaqG

rSwfrdao;w,f q&m*srf;&,f æ pmayvkyfom;acwf/ a[majymyGJawG acwfpm;aewJt h csed u f ayg?h ESpu f akd wmh rrSwf rdbl;/ [efZm;u armif&GufOD; zdwfwJhyGJav? q&meef;/ q&m*srf;/ q&mpGrf;/ udkaersKd;/ cspfOD;ndKeJ@ rif;om; udkjrwfav;/ ajcmuf a,mufqHk=uwJhyGJrSm u|efawmfu touf t}uD ; qH k ; qd k a wmh acgif ; aqmif a e&mu xm;=uw,f? u|efawmfuvnf; cifAsm;wdk@ pdwf&Sd vuf&Sdajym=uyg/ u|efawmf aemufqHk;rS tcsdef=unfh+yD; wdkwdkajymr,fvdk@ uwday; xm;w,f? udkaersKd;u acwfay:0wˆKrsm; ta=umif;/ q&mpGrf;u pmay tawG;tac: ESihf a0zefa&;/ q&m*sr;f u acwfprf;uAsmay: vmyHk/ cspfOD;ndKu vuFm'Dycspfol/ udkjrwf av;u uAsmESifh *Dwta=umif;/ aemufqHk; rSm u|eaf wmfu a&$wu kd pf ;kd OD;wd;k &J@ oZifyef; zGJŒ &uefudk &Gwfjy+yD; ed*Hk;csKyfygw,f? [ef Z m;/ ompnf r S m a[m+yD ; awmh aemufae@reufrSm anmif&rf;rif;om;}uD;&J@ uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

anmif&rf;òrd@ txu rSm eHeufydkif; a[m=u w,f? yGJ+yD;awmh eHeufpmau|;w,f/ &Sm;&Sm; yg;yg; csKd;a=umf/ pmuav;a=umfeJ@ [if;rsKd;pHk ygw,f? u|efawmfuawmh acgif;wHk;ajymif ajymifeJ@ csKd;uav;awG/ pmuav;awGudk =unf h + yD ; oem;aew,f / rpm;&uf b l ; ? [if;csKed @J [if;&Guaf =umfuav;avmufyJ pm; w,f? q&mu odyftpm;enf;w,faemf vdk@ olwdk@uajym=uw,f? tcsdKyGJrSm oD;ar$; iSufaysmoD;}uD;awG ygvmjyefw,f? anmif&rf;rSwpfcg rD;&xm;vrf;u &Srf; jynfbufuckd w JG ufwhJ ‘vdi_ ;f wuf’ òrd@uav; udk quf=ujyefw,f? tJ'Da&mufawmh udk jrwfav;u olw@kd rajymawmhb;l vd@k qdw k ,f? u|efawmfu udkjrwfav;&,f/ cifAsm;wdk@vdk Edik if aH usm&f yk &f iS rf if;om;wpfO;D udk y&dowfu awG@csif=urSaygh/ pifay:wufrsufESmjy+yD; jcm;em;csuf oDcsi;f av;wpfy'k af vmufawmh qdjk yvdu k yf g? olw@kd tm;vH;k +yD;rS cifAsm;ajymyg [k arwWm&yfcH&w,f? aevH;k }uD;u taemufbufo@kd edrq hf if; 39

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm ae+yD/ udkjrwfav;u tmawG@oGm;+yD; ±kyf&Sifta=umif;/ *Dwta=umif; awGtm;&yg;& ajym aeonf? ‘yef;uav;vdkvSaewmyJ awGŒjrifcsifonf/ yef;uav;vdk n‡dK;rSmudkvnf; pdk;&drfygonf (rcifESif;qD)2 vSprf;yg yef;avmuf apmifh=unfhaernf/ aemifawmhomtvdkrus&if/ oifhb0twGufyJ awG;um idkrdrnf’ y&dowfawG +idraf e&mrS vufcyk o f aH wGay:vmonf? aumif;vdu k w f m udjk rwfav;&,f [k csD;usL;&onf? aevHk;eDeD/ naeapmif;awmh tarhausmif;udk oGm;&r,f? tcsdefav;&onfhtcdkuf olwdk@eJ@pyfwmudkajymrnfvdk@ pdwful;+yD; &wemyHkaejynfawmf tdraf &S@u uaemifrif;om;}u;D &J@om;awmf vif;yifrif;om;}u;D &J@ &Sr;f jynfbufu awmfveS af &; tiftm;pkta=umif; csKyfIajymcJyh gw,f? oDaygrif;udzk rf;oGm;ayr,fh t*Fvyd t f pd;k &[m &Sr;f jynfbufudk wufrvmEdkifatmif ewfxdyfawmif=um;vrf;u qD;qdk@xm;=uw,f? ar*sm[dkuf'gy&if[m tdENd,rS ppfom; 4000 ausmfudkiSm;+yD; awmifay:ypftajrmuf ±dkifz,faoewfawGeJ@ csDwufvm=uw,f? ewfxdyfawmif=um; qkwfvmcJh+yD; jrufcg;tif;/ a&jzL}uD;/ &GmiH/ aAm"dowfb&k m;rSm wdu k yf aJG wGjzpf=uw,f? aemufq;kH rSm vif;yifrif;om;}uD; eJ@ rd;k eJapmfbmG ;[m zsm;aewJt h wGuf +idr;f csr;f a&;udk vufcv H u kd &f w,f? vif;yifrif;pm;}uD;udk &efukefodk@ac:vm+yD; c%xm;um tdENd,jynf Am&yfylòrd@udk ydk@vdkufw,f? vif;yifrif;om;}uD;eJ@ a&eH@omcifcif}uD;wdk@rS xdyfwifr}uD;eJ@ xdyfwifrav;udk zGm;jrif w,f? xdyfwifrav;[m &efukefjrif;yGJrSm vufrSwfa&mif;wJh =opa=w;vs,m;vlrsKd; rpPwm ‘bmvmrD’eJ@ 1928 ck pufwifbmvrSm vufxyfw,f? 1930 ckESpfrSm &wemewfr,f udk zGm;w,f? tck u|eaf wmfajymcJw h m &wemyHak ejynfawmf}uD;uae+yD; &wemewfr,fa&mufvm+yD/ a&S@qufajym&if tE W&m,feJ@ruif; jzpfrSma=umifh 'Dae&mrSmyJ ed*Hk;csKyfygw,f? ae0ifòzd;zstcsdefa&mufae+yD? ausmif;q&mwpfa,mufu vmajymw,f? u|efawmfwdk@ awmwufwJhtcg a&mufwJhae&mawGudk q&mu odaew,faemf æ wJh? [kwfvm;/ ar*sm ua&mhpf0dwfa&;wJh vif;yifrif;om;}uD;&J@ awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pk (Linbin Confederacy) pmtkyfudkzwf+yD; a&;wmygvdk@ ajzvdkuf&w,f? q&m udkb*srf; (uAsmq&m wifrdk;) aumif;&mok*wd odk@ a&muf&Sdygap? a&;abmf}uD; æ eef;!GefŒaqG 40

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

zd;k oH (vlx)k

udkb*srf;&J@ ‘zefrD;tdrf’ uAsmpmtkyf xGufawmh usaemf 8 wef; wufaewmyg? tJ'Dwkef;u usaemf[m 0wˆKeJ@ aqmif;yg; awmh zwf y g&J @ / 'gayr,f h uAsmqd k v d k @ ausmif;pmuvGJvdk@ rzwfzl;oavmufygyJ? q&mrif;ok0%f&J@ uAsm tenf;tyg;awmh zwf z l ; / usuf r S w f z l ; ygw,f ? 'gayr,f h armifacG;zdk@uAsmrsm;xJuom rsm;ygw,f? 'DvdkeJ@ udkb*srf;&J@ zefrD;tdrf xGufvmawmh usaemfwdk@tdrfxJrSm csD;usL;oHawG em;v#H atmif =um;vm&ygw,f? 'DtxJrmS usaemfh taru xdyfqHk;uyg ygw,f? b,ftyk'f uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

uav;ujzifh b,fvdk/ aumif;vGef;vdk@ æ aumif;vGef;vdk@eJ@? t,f'Dwmcef;rSmvnf; ajym=u/ xrif;pm;=u&mrSmvnf; ajym=u/ tJ't D xJu tyd'k af wG pma=umif;awG &Gwjf y =u/ udk;um;=ueJ@/ =um;&zefrsm;awmh c&pf ,mefomoemðyausmif;om; usaemfvnf; pdwf0ifpm;vmygw,f? 'geJ@ tarhudkuyf+yD; b,ftyk'zf wf&rvJv@kd ar;cJyh gw,f? 'Dawmh taru b,ftyk'fu b,fvdkaumif;wm qdk+yD; axmufjy/ &Sif;jy+yD; zwfjzpfatmif zwfz@kd wdu k w f eG ;f ygw,f? pmtkyx f u J olu, kd f wdik f tvGw&f aewmav;awGvnf; &Gwjf yyg 41

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm w,f? 'Dvekd @J usaemfw@kd armifErS awG/ t}uD;awG tm;vH;k zefr;D tdrpf mtkyu f kd tm;wufoa&m zwf=uygw,f? ol@&@J zefr;D tdru f Asmrsm; yxrt}udr±f u kd jf cif;[m ua&mif; 16 csK;d t&G,/f trsm;tac: 0wˆKqdu k af v;yg? tzH;k u tJ'aD cwf rE aW v;wuUov kd f eH&u H yfpmapmifawGe@J ESpv f nfr*~Zif; awGrmS tpGr;f jyaewJh a&$bu kd udpk ed af rmifjzpfygw,f? udpk ed af rmif[m ausmif;om;nD!w G af &; wyfOD;twGufvnf; ydkpwmawG/ yef;csDawG a&;ay;wwfygw,f? udkpdefarmifh vuf&mu yef;csD(OD;)atmifpdk;[efeJ@ tjzLa&mifaemufcHrSm teDa&mifeJ@ teufa&miftoHk;jyK+yD; qGJxm; wJh zefrD;tdrfav; zefvJhvJhudk qGJxm;wmjzpfygw,f? uAsmpmtkyftzHk; yDjyifvSygw,f? tJ'v D ekd @J usaemfb h 0rSm zefr;D tdraf v; xGe;f ndv ‡ u kd w f t hJ cgrmS usaemhaf cgi;f eJ@ ESv;kH om; xJrmS rñuHpzl; vif;xdeo f mG ;+yD; 'Dae@txdtvGw&f aewJh uAsmawGukd zwfr/d tvGwu f surf d ygawmhw,f? ausmif;pmtjyifu uAsmawGxJrSm txufuajymcJhwJh uav;uAsmawGu vG&J if usaemfyxrqH;k tvGwu f sucf /hJ &cJw h m[m zefr;D tdrpf mtkyx f u J uAsmawGyv J @kd q&kd if rrSm;ygbl;? usaemf acwfuAsmudk óudufwwfoGm;yg+yD? uAsma&;csifpdwfvnf; ay:vmcJhyg+yD? wu,fawmh tJ't D cgu udb k *sr;f [m vlx*k sme,fxrJ mS emrnftrsK;d rsK;d eJ@ a&;aewm ESpfwcsKd@&SdoGm;yg+yD? 'gayr,fh ol@uAsmawGudk usaemf owdrðywmtrSefyg? ta=umif;u usaemfu vlxk*sme,fudkzwf&if (OD;av;)usm;bndrf;&J@ vufa0S@ aqmif;yg;/ a&$udkif;om;&J@ aqmif;yg;/ 0wˆK pwmawGavmuf zwfwmyg? pmzwfyg; vHk;0 r0ao;wJht&G,f jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umihf udkb*srf;udkvnf; rjrifzl;/ 'grSr[kwf jrifzl;aomfvnf; owdrxm;rdzl;ygbl;? yxr qHk;awG@zl;wmu ol@ zefrD;tdrf qk&w,fqdkwJhowif;udk a&'D,dku=um;&+yD;aemuf wae@rSm ol&,f/ udkomEdk;&,f/ aemufwpfOD;u udkpdefjrihf (armifrdk;ol) vdk@xifw,f/ oHk;-av;a,muf usaemfw@kd trd u f v kd m+y;D usaemft h azeJ@tarudk awG@=uygw,f? rSwrf w S &f & nOD;ydik ;f wpfcrk mS yg? usaemftrSwrf rSm;&if udo k mEd;k u tJ'w D 0du k w f ek ;f u usaemfw@kd trd u f t,f'w D mtzG@J rmS tvkyv f yk af eygw,f? ae@wikd ;f awG@ae&wJv h yl g? aemuf+yD; rSew f majym&&if tJ'w D ek ;f u usaemf wdk@t&G,feJ@ ol@t&nftaoG;awGudk rodygbl;? axmifwef;tuscHxm;wJh ausmif;om; acgif;aqmifa[mif;wpfa,muf qdkwmavmufyJ em;vnfxm;wmyg? udkpdefjrifhuawmh (usaemhftarpum;eJ@ ajym&&if) ol@taz udkAwkwf (awmxJrSm usqHk;oGm;ol) vdkyJ vlxk 42

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm wdu k u f kd 0ifcsiw f t hJ csed f 0ifvm+yD; xGucf siw f hJ qdkwmudk usaemfwdk@u odyfoabmrwlcsif tcsed f jyefxu G o f mG ;wJh tdro f m;wpfa,muf =uygbl;? olwdk@u tjrJjrifawG@aewJhvlawG udk;? vdk aewJv h yl g? olw@kd vmw,fqw kd meJ@ taru usaemf wd@k ukd rif;wd@k awG@z;l csiw f hJ armifb*sr;f wd@k vm w,fa[hvdk@ vSrf;ajym+yD; olwdk@apmifhaewJh {nh f c ef ; xJ u d k 0if o G m ;ygw,f ? 'D t cgrS m usaemf w d k @ armif E S r awG t}uD ; tus,f v_y&f mS ;ukeyf gawmhw,f? usaemf&,f/ usaemhf tpfr&,f/ usaemfhESr&,f acgif;csif;±dkuf wdkifyif+yD; udk,hfrSm&SdwJh atmfwdkpmtkyfav;

ud k b *srf ; u usaemf h t pf r atmf w d k pmtkyfxJrSm a&;ay;+yD;wJhaemuf usaemhf pmtkyfxJrSm a&;ay;ygw,f? uav;awGrdk@ ayghayghwefwef/ +yD;pvG,fa&;ay;wm rvkyf ygbl;? ol@&J@a&;aeus vufa&;0dkif;0dkif;}uD; awGeJ@ pma=umif;av;wdkwdkudk jznf;jznf;eJ@ rSefrSef a&;ay;ygw,f?

olŒ&JŒa&;aeus vufa&;0dkif;0dkif;}uD;awGeJŒ pma-umif;av;wdkwdkudk jznf;jznf;eJŒ rSefrSefa&;ay;ygw,f? “±dk;om;r+om cspfp&m” wJh? awGxkwf+yD; {nhfcef; wHcg;aygufab;/ tcef; pnf;aemufuae jyLwpfjyLwpfvkyf=uyg w,f? 'DtcgrmS usaemfw@kd uv kd rS ;f jrifwhJ tar u “[Jh æ bm=unhfaewmvJ/ 0ifcJh=uav” vd@k vSr;f ac:ygw,f? +y;D rS {nho f nfrsm;bufukd vSn+hf yD; “a[m'DrmS æ armifb*sr;f udk awG@z;l csifvdk@wJh” qdk+yD; 'D[mu b,fol/ [dk[mu b,f0gqdk+yD; rdwfqufay;ygw,f? 'DawmhrS usaemfwdk@uvnf; udk,fhaemufrSm 0Sufxm; wJh atmfwdkpmtkyfav;awG xkwfay;+yD; atmfwdka&;ay;zdk@ r0Hhr&Jajym=uygw,f? tJ'D wkef;u udkomEdk;eJ@ udkpdefjrifhu a&;ay;r,f uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

“±dk;om;r_om cspfp&m” wJh? 0rf;omvdkufwJhjzpfjcif;? oleJ@ywf ouf+yD; usaemfwdk@armifESrwawG =um;zl; xm;wmudku “wifrdk;qdkwJhvl[m ol@uAsm av;awG vSyqef;!Gef@oavmuf oludk,f wdkifuawmh taetxdkif tajymtqdk b,fh uavmuf/ b,fuvdk ±dk;om;wm” qdkwm rsK;d awG r[kwv f m;? 'ga=umifh ol@aqmify'k v f @kd qd&k r,fh pum;&yfukd tckvv kd v S aS v; a&;ay; vdkufawmh usaemhfwouf rarhEdkifp&mjzpf oGm;ygawmhw,f? tJ'Daemuf usaemfvnf; 43

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm atmfwdkpmtkyfudk ol@vufxJujyef,l+yD; aemuf ol@rsufESmudk jyef=unhfvdkufygw,f? ol@&J@ pHusvSwJh/ =uifemr_tjynhfygwJh/ wu,fh udk±dk;om;wJh tðyH;udk awG@&ygw,f? tJ'aD emuf usaemfw@kd armifErS wawG ola&;ay;vdu k w f hJ atmfwakd v;awGukd wpfa,muf wpfa,muf jy=u/ olrsm;awGudk jy=ueJ@ wu,fhudk uav;awGvdk aysmfoGm;=uygw,f? *k%v f nf; ,l=uygw,f? zwf&wJv h w l ikd ;f uawmh tJ'D “±d;k om;r_om csppf &m” qdw k mav;udyk J aumif;vdkufav vdk@ rSwfcsufcs=uygw,f? 'Dvekd @J usaemfvnf; zefr;D tdrx f u J renf;vSwhJ uAsmawGukd tvGwu f su+f yD; wuUov kd f 0ifwef;udk a&mufvmygw,f? usaemfw@kd acwfu 9 wef;eJ@ wuUov kd 0f ifwef; wuf&ygw,f? wuUov kd 0f if pmar;yG}J u;D eD;awmh usaemfu reuf ausmif;rwufcif ausmufoifyek ;f }u;D ay:rSm zefrD;tdrfxJrSmygwJh EG,fomuDoHjzwfwpfyk'fxJu æ “tvdk æ z&uf&Smav; &uf-umraES;apESifh txuftnmaus; wuUodkvfrudkÉfqDu a±$nmol ysKdjzLwodkufu,fwdkŒ tar#mfpdkufum &$ifcsKdcsKdy oajyndK a&$bdkyef;&,feJŒ vufurf;um óudESihfr,fav;” (pmom; enf;enf; rSm;Edkifygw,f) qdw k t hJ yd'k u f kd a&;xm;vdu k yf gw,f? c&pf,mefomoemðy ausmif;om;/ usaemfo h il ,fcsi;f awGu 'guakd wG@awmh ud, k b fh 0eJ@ wdu k ±f u kd q f ufaewmrd@k csucf si;f em;vnf cHpm;Edik v f @kd odyf oabmusomG ;+yD; usaemfu h kd twdwaf umif; edrw d af umif; aqmifvmw,fv@kd aus;Zl;wif=u ygw,f?

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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‘cspo f w l @kd oufwrf;wd. k rkef;olwdk@ oufwrf;&Snf. a=uuGJI rqHk;yg’ æ qdkwJh pmav;awG udk jyefowd&rdygw,f? olŒtwGufvnf; a=uuGJI rqHk;yg? olcspfwJh trdajrudk oljrif csifwJh taetxm;eJ@ rjrif&cif oloGm;&+yD? ol c spf c if v S w J h orD ; / ajr;awG / rd w f a qG a&mif;&if;awGu wae@ae@ jyefqHk=ur,f pdwfZGJcwfxm;ayr,fh/ rawG@Edkifawmhbl;? 47

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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u tvkyfxJrSm qJvfzkef; yd w f x m;w,f ? yd w f x m; awmh OD;orD;wa,mufu vnf; ol@orD;eJ@twlwlyJ av? w±Hkwnf; vkyfw,f av? tJ'geJ@ OD;orD;qDudk zke;f quf&w,f? OD;orD;qDukd zk e f ; quf a wmh OD ; orD ; u vnf; ol@orD; csKdoif;udk ta=umif;=um;awmh csKo d if; u OD;qDudk jyefqufoG,f w,f? ol@taz b,frSmvJ 53

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

aq;vdyfvnf;wdk aevnf;ndK_yD ighukd jyefyŒkd -uygav? 'DuAsmuawmh vlwdkif;odwJh q&m&J@ {nfhonf}uD; txifu& uAsmaygh? usrwdk@ jrefrmpmar*smrSm tcsdefay;+yD; aqG;aEG;cJh=u &wJh uAsm? 'g[m ocF g&w&m;udk ajymwm wJh? edrdwfyHkudk oHk;xm;wmwJh? vlqdkwm avmu}uD;&J@ {nfonfyJ wJh? aq;vdyfvdk avmifòrdu/f pGrJ ufz, G af umif;/ 'kuv Q nf;ay; Edik af o;/ tckawmh tcsed v f nf; ukev f +k yD/ igu h kd xGufoGm;cGifhðyygawmhvdk@ qdkvdkwm wJh? q&muawmh/ cyfðyH;ðyH;/ bmrS rwkH@jyef? uAsmq&m&J@ tvky+f yD;+yDav æ wJ?h y&dowf tvdkus qufawG;,l±Hkaygh æ wJh? q&mu ol@pmzwfy&dowfudkyif v$rf;rdk;csKyfudkifvdk pdwrf sK;d r&So d ?l á usruawmh q&mhaq;vdyfvnf; rwdk vSao;bl;? aevnf; rndKao;bl;vd@k xifae wke;f yJq&m? tJ'Dae@u xdkif;EdkifiHrSmawmh reuf}uD; aygh q&m? q&mqH;k +yD æ vd@k zke;f 0ifvmw,f? b,f v d k æ b,f v d k j zpf w mvJ q d k a wmh ±kww f &uf wJ?h vufzuf&nfqikd rf mS wJ?h usr idkrdw,f q&m? ,lusKH;r&? vGrf;qGwfpGm? =unfhygOD; æ q&m&,f æ qHk;wmawmif 58

vufzuf&nfqikd rf mS wJv h m;? Zif ; r,f r S m q&meJ @ usrwd k @ wawG xdkifaeus 0g0D (Wawee) aumfzDqdkifav;udk q&mu tifrwefcspfw,f? ar+idrf;a& æ 0g0DoGm;&atmifvdk@ ae@wdkif;eD;yg; q&majym wwfw,f? tJ'DaumfzDqdkifav;u opfom; =urf;cif; uGyyf sp&f n S }f u;D ay:rSm/ opfyifprd ;f pdr;f pdkpdkawG=um;rSm/ wkyzefwD;xm;wJh a&uef ao;ao;av;ab;rSm/ wdwfwdwfqdwfqdwf eJ@ at;at;csr;f csr;f &Sw d hJ ae&mav;? q&mu tJ'q D ikd af v;rSmqdk em&Daygi;f rsm;pGm r+iD;rjiL xd k i f w wf w m? +yD ; awmh ajymao;w,f ? aumfzDaomufcsifwmt"du r[kwfbl;/ ae&mav;udk aomufcsiw f mwJh av? wcgu [m;AwfwuUodkvfxJrSm aumfzDqdkifxdkif&if; u usrudo k wd&vd@k q+kd y;D q&m vSr;f zke;f quf wmudak wmif vGr;f oGm;rdao;w,f? q&mu oaE<udku uAsmq&m? tJ'DoaE<&J@ vm;&m twdik ;f q&mh&@J aemufq;kH tcsed u f uAsmqef qef vufzuf&nfqdkifrSmwJh av? vGrf;p&m aumif;vdu k yf rkH sm;q&m&,f? tJ'{D nfo h nf}uD;u igu h jkd yefy@kd =uygav æ wJ?h q&mhudk usrwdk@ b,fudk jyefydk@&rSmvJ q&m? usr odygw,f? q&m jyefcsifwm æ jrefrmjynfudk æ rE Wav;udk æ uefjrJudk æ tif;pdef rif;}uD;vrf;u *syeftdrfuav; &Sd&mqDudk r[kwfvm;? ryle@J q&mæ csKdoif;av;u q&mhudk ta&mufjyefydk@ rSmwJh æ odvm;? uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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q&m}uD;OD;wifrdk;tm; tav;ðyyg.?

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101

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102

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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tif;vsm;uefpyf rSefuav;wcsyf jzwfceJuGJcJhwmrS r[kwfyJ?

oPmrD;tdrf ESi;f cg;rd;k

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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q&m*srf;udk vGr;f wJph m aexGwf q&mqHk;_yD-um;awmh usaemf,lusKH;r& jzpfvdkufwmq&m? aq;vdyfvnf;wdkvdkŒ aendKwJhtcsdef q&m tdrfudk rjyefEdkifawmhbl;aygh? vlxkwdkuf/ awmifav;vHk; r,fZ,fwef; rEœav;wuUodkvf/ avxefukef;/ tif;pdef aemuf æ e,l;a,mufaygh usaemfhpdwfawG tacgufacguf jyefa&mufoGm;&JŒ? 90 jynfhvGef aESmif;ydkif;ESpfawGuqdk OD;udkav;/ OD;-unfatmif b}uD;rdk;/ q&mpGrf; aemuf æ [dk; tif;pdefu q&m,Ofrif;ydkuf udk,f&HawmfwodkufeJŒ q&m*srf; vGrf;vdkufygbdawmh? q&m&,f æ q&mqHk;_yD -um;awmh usaemf,lusKH;r& jzpfvdkufwmav?

?Ô

(Zefe0g&D 22/ 2007) uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

105

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

avSwpif;eJŒ oDcsif;onf ‘wifr;kd ’ odŒk Aef;armf ndKEGJŒ vmvdkvSaomfvnf; b0awG tqifrajyvdkŒ ta0;ae rsuf&nfpawGeJŒ vGrf;&w,f ‘wifrdk;’ &,f? ygVdoufusrf;txGuf apwemu olrsm;rSm olŒtusKd;udky o,fydk;vdkŒ onfoabm&,f[k jrifhjrwf&m vlŒoabmudk ajym-uavw,f? avmu"Htxktaxmif;udkvnf; armif;wif&if; av#mhrjy,f xnf0gwJh armifhpdwful; apwem AsL[mqufvdkŒ vlom;twGuf av#mhrjy,f xnf0gwJh armifhpdwful;? av;vdkufwJh0ef armifhc&D; armifausyGefaygh woGefoGef tm;tifopfawGeJŒ vlom;tdrf csKd_rdefacwfudk vrf; qpf ay OD;? ? Ô

(olŒtcGifhta&; udk,fod = udk,fhtcGifhta&; olodaom urBmolurBmom; pdwf"mwf v$rf;ðcHaeonfh ‘wifrdk;’ odkŒ vGrf;qGwfvsuf) 106

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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108

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

wrmwef;od@k vGr;f uAsm armifpGrf;&nf wrmwef;awGeJŒ &Gmvrf;qDodkŒ jyefcsif_yD? 'dkŒtpfudk &Gmudkwrf; vGrf;uAsmpD? wa,mtdk acsmifóud-um;rSmv xm;&pfaygh aw;roD ai;&DvdkŒ pmrqHk;? aq;vdyf&,fwdk aendKcsdef tarSmif-um;qDodkŒ 'dkŒtpfudk b,fudkoGm;_yDvJh csKd;uloH xHwsmpum;awGeJŒ tjznfhcH um&efrsm;udk nDbGm;awG jznfhapzdkŒxm;cJhavovmh oGm;ESifhavOD;? ? Ô armifpGrf;&nf 2007 Zefe0g&D 23 (av,mOfay:rSm)

110

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

[dkbufurf;u rD;xdefxdef 'Dbufurf;u rD;xdefxdef 'dkŒtpfudk xGef;umn‡d vif;ygbd zefrD;tdrf?

zefrD;tdrf armifpGrf;&nf

zefrD;tdrf arSmifcsdefudk cGif;? arSmifav vif;av vif;xufvif;? rD;tdrf&Sif uG,fumaysmufayr,fh zefrD;tdrf xdefxdefawmufayvdrfh xdk;azmuf nwGif; rdk;aomuf vrif;? ? Ô armifpGrf;&nf 2007 Zefe0g&D 22 (wifrdk; uG,fvGefwJhaeŒ )

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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112

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm rdk;ay:rSm -u,fawGaºuG ajray:rSm yef;awGaºuG ajrc aºuGus/ w&m;ocFg& vSyyef;yGihfjzL/ tusnf;wefo&zlOao#mif cspfolrkef;ol/ ESif;jzLrD;cJ rcGJrjcm;/ tm;vHk;tedpP pdwfu w&m;jyvnf; tpm;xdk;vdkŒ rvG,ful tzdk;wefolrdkŒ cspfcifolwdkŒ rsuf&nfpdkŒ&_yD? q&mvmv#if jrefrmqefqef/ q&mhxHyg; 0yfwGm;vuftkyfrdk; &Sdcdk;uefawmhrnf u|efawmfwdkŒ ar#mf&nfxm;cJh onf&nf&G,fcsufrsm; jrLrifyef;csDum;wcsyfvdk aq;om;ysufjy,foGm;cJh_yD? q&mvmv#if wrmyif&dyf/ xef;ndK&dyfESifh t&dyfxaemif;/ twdwfa-umif;udk jyefajymif;ajym-u/ vGrf;jrjrESifh wrf;w-urnf/ pdwfu&nfcJh? tnmajrvrf;/ wrmwef;udk q&mvGrf;cJh&Smvdrfhrnf?

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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e&odefaxmiftwGif; tusOf;'%frr+ rif;&efudk tefwkcJh q&m[m jynfolŒpmqdkyg? taqmifaqmiftcef;cef; atmifpcef;atmifeef;awGeJŒ jynfolawG acgifjref;csdefa&muf&if oajyndKatmifyef;awG a0ayvdrfh jynfawmf0iftjyefvrf; u|efawmfwdkŒ twlwlvSrf;wJhtcg ‘yef;vufaqmif’ a0iS tðyH;jrjreJŒ aysmf-u&atmif ºuGcJhygOD; q&m?

yk*Hausmif;u acgif;avmif;oHwcsKdcsKd jynfolawG aw;qdkcsdefa&muf_yDqdk ‘xD;uav;eJŒreD’ vnf; rsufESm-unfjr/ 0if;yyeJŒ u&SmrSmaygh tvSqHk;tcsdefrSm uAsmawGwayGŒ/ pmawGwayGŒeJŒ u|efawmfwdkŒ æ jyefawGŒ-uOD;pdkŒ q&m “&Srf;±dk;ru jrLcdk;a0&if vGrfEdk;xvdkŒ ylrsKd;axGo&Sif” wJh uAsmtEGJŒ q&mzGJŒcJh? tckawmh æ cspfolcifolwdkŒ vGrf;p u|rf;apzdkŒ&m vGrf;rdk;usae_yDaum “&Srf;±dk;rrSm jrLcdk;a0ae_yDaygh q&m”? ? Ô 23 = 1 = 2007

114

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

uAsmavSmw f ufe@J orkN&m qef&o J l rGef'&m Zefe0g&D 22 2007 igwdkŒcspfwJh tvif;wdkif 0kef;ceJ ,dkifòydoGm; æ rsuf&nfvd+if;cwfoH yJhwifxyfoGm;w,f qdkayr,fh æ tJ'DaeŒ rkefwdkif;u awmfawmfajcoH vHkw,f? uAsm[m olŒtaoG;tom; olŒtaoG;tom;[m uAsm? 1980 rsm; [dk;ta0;u ‘tarhausmif;’ ‘rr00 xxu æ u}uD;u}uD; zdk;u}uD; æ pHy,fyGifhav; acgif;ay:wif æ’ cspfjcif;w&m; ESvHk;om;wpfpHkeJŒ tem*wfysKd;cif; -uJol O,smOfrSL;q&m æ uavmifwpfzuf ajrjzLwpfvufeJŒ uAsmpufawG &GmoGef;ay;cJh igwdkŒ&JŒq&m?

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

115

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm ‘zefrD;tdrf’ tvif;n‡daumif;uifawmf ‘uEœm&ESpfrsm;’ tdkatppfwpfck jzpfcJhw,f ‘Ak'<ESifh awGŒqHkjcif;’ ewfvl om"kac:-uw,f? rdk;cg;a& b,favmufyJa0a0 vGifwD;acgif 'Dvrf;-urf;udkyJ ‘igquf xGef,ufr,f’wJh? rGef;wnfhaeatmuf jcpfjcpfawmuf u|rf;avmifcHcJhayr,fh arSmif&dyfcdk&rSm ig&SufowJh? tJ'Dvdk ,Hk-unfjcif; urf;yg;,Hxufu rm;rm;rwfrwf q&m æ a&jcm;ajrjcm; aeŒpGJwdkif;rSm a&a[mif;ajra[mif; ajc&ma[mif;wdkif; jyefajymif;vGrf;qGwf æ OD;!$wf wrf;wwwfol q&m?

q&mhoauFw ykqdk;eJŒvG,ftdwfuav; olwdkŒvnf; qGHŒqGHŒtt ±+dufidkae-uw,f? tdyfrufqdk;wpfckom jzpfygap æ -u,fawG b,favmufaºuGaºuG qkawmif;u rjynfhwwfawmh oef;acgufxuf nu ydkeufoGm;w,f? waendKcsdef aq;vdyfwdkcJh_yD b,fvdkyJ qdkqdkyg æ igwdkŒ&JŒ ESvHk;om;&wem ‘uAsmq&m wifrdk;’ b,fqDudk b,folu jyefydkŒvdkufvdkŒ&rvJ æ q&meJŒteD;qHk; tjzLa&mifcsKd;uav; tJ'Dvdk ul_yD; ajymoGm;w,f? ? Ô (q&m}uD; OD;wifrdk;odkŒ aemufqHk;*g&0)

116

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

q&m wifr;kd od@k æ rmrmat; y0gav;wp tomav;csa[hvkdŒ q&majymavwJh ESrat;u romawmif ta0;wajru rcsombl;/ zl;awGŒckduftdrftvmrSm tóuduftvkduf aq;±d+ufvnf; twlwl aw;-uLvnf; wwGJwGJ w[J[JeJŒ q&mh&,foH em;0,fv#HcJh jrifjyeftðyH; a'gif;±kyfzkH;wJhESvkH;om; a'gif;i,frsm;cspfol wifrkd;qkdwJh uAsmvla-umifh tyluvd+uf vlu±d+ufiif rsuf&nfpifESifh jrwf&SifAk'< olŒb0ajzmifhwef; _idrf;csrf;pdrfhiSm qkac|awmfrlygbk&m;? ? Ô rmrmat; 1/ 23/ 2007 *syefpHawmfcsdef 1;20

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

117

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

q&mwifr;kd odŒk æ armifeOD ;D rD;pmrukef qDrcef;wJh zefrD;tdrfxGef;n‡dcJhwm ESpf 40 -um arSmifolawG-um;xJrSm uAsmeJŒ tvif;aqmifaeolyg *g&0w&m;eJŒ OD;cdkuf ylaZmfvdkufygw,f? q&m æ q&m æ æ q&m æ æ æ ? ? Ô

118

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

rwdww f hJ rd;k armifrdk;[def;

onfrdk;[m arwWmrdk; æ opPmrdk; æ arwWmopPmawG jynfhv#HwJhrdk;? jrefrmudkvnf; 0if;yap? urBmudkvnf; at;jrap? jynfolcspfwJh rdk;? EdkifiHcspfwJh rdk;? urBmcspfwJh rdk;? onfrdk;[m wjcm;r[kwf wdkŒ&JŒq&m ‘wifrdk;’ rwdwfwJhrdk;? ? Ô cspfcif-unfndKpGmjzifh nDi,f armifrdk;[def; om; *sme,fausmf 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

119

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q&m*srf;odŒk uAsmvGr;f armif[efwif ±+dufidk&if; æ oli,fcsif;ajym&Sm? q&m*srf; æ qHk;_yDuGmwJh? wevFmaeŒ&JŒ reuf &Spfem&D omom? Armjynfu æ reDcrsm? ausmif;vnf; r&Sdao;yg? ryef;jzLvnf; xD;r&Sd? uAsmr&SdwJh {&m0wD ar"m0D&ŒJ aA'g&D æ vdk aeeD aeqkwf rdk;}uD;csKyf bl;ñuyfav;xJ æ a&rvm? cspfolwdkŒum; toufwdk-u. (wifrdk;) qdkwmvm; -um;c% omref wu,fus rcHEdkifygbl; q&m?

120

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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125

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?Ô

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?Ô 131

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ol (wifrdk;) [m raºuG ol rao æ jynfolawG&JŒ ESvkH;om;rSm xm0& ae? ?

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141

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142

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145

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm q&mwifrdk;odk@ tJ'Dnu bbeJ@ usaemf aemufqHk; qHkcJh=uwmrSef; odcJh&if æ tarharG;ae@ 91 ESpfjynfhwkef;u bb&J@ uAsm&GwfoH aemufqHk; =um;&wmrSef; odcJh&if æ aemufqHk; æ aemufqHk; æ aemufqHk; æ qdkwmawG odcJh&if æ tp tp tp qdw k mawGe@J jyefawG@csiw f ,f? ? Zm*em 23/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 tarSmifwiG ;f Y ±ke;f &if;qefcwf/ vHk;axG;owfvsuf r&yfrem;/ wdkufyGJ=um;wGif tiftm;opfwdk@ ay:vdrfhrnf? tarSmifwiG ;f Y tysif;ydk;xdk;/ tawG;od;k atmif rEdk;r=um; rtdyfESifh/ tdyfvnf;owd/ Edk;owdESifh rdrd urBm xGef;opfvmatmif =u,fwm&mpHk zl;yGifhukef? rdk;a0pmayr*~Zif; (Zlvdkif - 1981) 'g æ zefrD;tdrf}uD; xGef;nd‡ay;cJhwJh ‘=u,fyGifhopfrsm;odk@’ uAsmrS? atmifjrifhOD; 148

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aq;vdyfrwdk aerndKcif q&mhudk jyefydk@=u&yg+yD? ? armifwifopf

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165

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167

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169

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171

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24 Zefe0g&D/ 2007

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173

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175

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177

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qef;vGif 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

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q&mhudk jynfolawGeJ@twl xm0& wefzdk;xm; owd&aerSmyg? qefeD tif;pdef 26/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

vlom;awGtwGuf tvif;a&mifawG trsm;}uD;ay;EdkifcJhygw,f q&m}uD; æ æ udkrsKd;jrifh tnmom; 10 D Group tif;pdef 26/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 180

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm uAsmrao/ q&mrao uAsmrqHk; q&mrqHk; uAsmawG pmayawG &Sdaeor# q&m &dSaeygonf? ESpfa,mufr&Sd/ tdk æ u0d b,fvdkajym&rSef; rodatmifcHpm;rd æ æ wynfh jrefrmpmwpfOD; 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

q&mhudk tar vlxka':trmvdk touf&Snfapcsifw,f? q&mhqDu tawG;/ tvkyf/ tajym tm;vHk;[m usaemfwdk@vdk EdkifiHa&;oiform;rsm;twGuf ‘pdefyGifh’awGygyJ?

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27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 tdrfudkvmv#if avSum;xpfrS udkudk@"mwfyHkudk tav;รฐy+yD;rS tdrfxJ0ifwwfwJh q&m}uD; tck q&m}uD;tdrfudk u|efawmfvmwm q&m}uD;udk tav;vmรฐywmyg? ? okwnD

igw@kd taz vrf;jycJh+yD รฆ udkarmif

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‘csppf &maumif;wJq h &m’ ‘jrifhjrwf’wJhae&mrSm &SdaerSm æ rcsKd

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jrifhat; HRDP

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183

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q&m}uD;*srf; jynfolawG vdkvm;wJhyef;wdkifodkŒ ta&mufcsDwuf qufvufxrf;aqmifoGm;r,fvdkŒ q&m}uD;tdrfrS 0rf;enf;pGm a&;om;vdkuf&ygw,f? ? atmifoefŒ 184

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185

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm q&m*srf; (q&mwifrdk;) q&m&JŒuAsmawG[m ausmif;paepOfxJu uav;awGudk oif=um;ay;cJhwmyg? q&mh&JŒ wdkif;jynftay:rSm cspfwJhpdwf/ jynfolvlxktay:rSm cspfwJhpdwf/ 'Drdkua&pDtay:rSm jrwfEdk;wJhpdwfawG[m u|efawmfwdkŒtaejzifh tvGefav;pm;+yD; wefzdk;xm;ygw,f? q&mh&JŒpdwf"mwfudk tjrJwrf; av;pm;OD;!Gwf*k%fðyvsuf æ cifarmif0if; ykZGefawmif 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 q&m[m awmfvSefa&;&JŒjy,k*fjzpfw,f? q&m&JŒtEkynm[m awmfvSefa&;jzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh æ q&meJ@ awmfvSefa&;[m xm0&vufwGJazmf oef;Edkif awmifwGif;}uD; zefrD;tdrf (odk@) q&mwifrdk;odk@ urBmt}udrf}udrf yGifhcJhr,fqdk&ifawmif aemufwzef æ uAsmq&mtjzpf q&m&ygapom; æ aeyefOD; 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 186

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm cspfp&maumif;wJh q&m æ q&mu vlawGudk cspf/ vlawGuvnf; q&mhudk cspf/ 'ga=umifh æ axmifoHk;cgjyef arG;pm;orD;rSwqifh q&mhxv H ñl uHyg;vdu k w f phJ mxJrmS ‘cspfp&maumif;wJhq&m’ vd@k E_wcf eG ;f qufcw hJ myg? tJ'Dhpmudk q&mzwf&if; rsuf&nfawG &pf0JpD;usw,fvdk@ arG;pm;orD;&JŒcifyeG ;f arG;pm;om; 96 u u|efawmfhxH ta=umif;=um;cJhw,f? q&mhtonf;u rmvGef;ayr,fh q&mhESvHk;om;u vl@ESvHk;om; ppfvGef;avawmh zGJ@zGJ@EGJ@EGJ@ ra&;wwfwJh u|efawmfh&JŒ ‘'Jh’ pm[m q&mhtwGuf tEkynm ajrmufoGm;+yDudk;?

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187

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm u|efawmhfudk aigufw,fq&m? 'DawmhrS ol@udk owd&vdkufw,f? Zmwfq&m jzpfaewmudk;? qufwu kd yf gyJ olu cyfokwfokwfajymw,f? q&mwifrdk; qHk;oGm;+yD’ wJh? ‘q&mwif u|efawmhfem;xJ rdk;óud;ypfoGm;w,f? “[m æ [,f æ tm; æ” tJ'Dvdk u|efawmftHhtm;oifh+yD; “Asm æ Asm æ ”qdkwJh pum;ESpfvHk; u|efawmhfE_wfrS ckefxGufoGm;w,f? olu xyf+yD; pum;wpfvHk;csif; atmfajymw,f? “q æ &m æ wif æ rdk; æ qHk; æ oGm; æ +yD vkypf &m&Sw d mvky”f

188

vufvSrf;rDor# q&mha&mif;&if;awGqD u|efawmf csufcsif; zkef;qufta=umif;=um;cJhw,f? tm;vHk;[m u|efawmhfvdkyJ ‘a&Smch ’f jzpfuek =f uw,f? “[,f” æ“[m” æ “tm;” wpfa,mufaomolqu D kd u|eaf wmftajy;oGm;+yD; ajymjyawmh “wu,f[kwf&JŒvm;wJh” q&mqHk;wmudk olu r,HkEdkifbl;? r,Hkcsifbl;/ vufrcHEdkifbl;? vufrcHcsib f ;l ? “tajz&cufvu kd w f m”vk@d u|efawmf nnf;vdkufawmh olu u|efawmfhvufudk zrf;qGJ&if; yHkvsufvJusum [D;av;wdkuf idkcsygawmhw,f? u|efawmfvnf; rsuf&nfrxdef;Edkifbl; q&m? u|eaf wmfw@kd [m vl@Ev S ;kH om;ppfppfe@J vlvyk af e=uwmuvm;? uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm q&m “q&mta0;a&mufaecdu k f u|efawmf[m q&mhudk,fpm; q&mhuav;awG&JŒrdbyg” vdk@ q&mhudk u|efawmfajymcJhw,f? uwday;cJw h ,fayg?h u|eaf wmhu f wdukd u|eaf wmf wnfap&r,f q&m? tjcm; tjcm;aom q&mha&mif;&if; awG[m tajctaeray;vdk@om u|efawmfhvdk uwdray;Edkif=uwmyg wu,fawmh olwdk@tm;vHk;[m q&mhuav;awGukd orD;rsm;ozG,f/ ESrrsm;ozG,f rvGJaocsm apmifha&Smuf=urSmyg? pdwfomcs q&ma& æ?

q&m ed*Hk;csKyftaeeJ@ u|efawmf tr#a0yghr,f? txl; tm&Hkðyygq&m? “u|eaf wmf. 'geukov kd /f oDvukov kd /f bm0emukodkvf/ EdkifiHa&;ukodkvf æ tp&SdwJh aumif;r_ukodkvf tpkpw k @kd ukd vlawGcsp=f uwJh q&m*srf; (ac: ) q&mwifrdk; rvGrJ aoG &ygap[k tr#a0vdu k yf gonf? ac:avom"k om"k æ om"k æ om"k ac:apaomf? ? q&mha&mif;&if; 29/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

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189

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm ordkif;pmrsufESmrS '%f&mrsm; “t±l;iaygufawGudk 'l;raxmuf=ueJ@a[h” qdkwJh uAsmpmom;awG[m tm%m&SifawGudk tjrpfjzwf awmfvSefzdk@ usaemfhtwGuf wu,fh ‘tm;’ awGygyJ q&m}uD;?

q&m}uD; aumif;&mok*wdvm;ygap? udkausmfEdkif ("mwfyHkeJŒ AGD'D,dk) awmifwGif;}uD;òrdŒ? 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 q&m q&maooGm;awmh q&meJ@twl 'Drdkua&pDw&m;yGJawG/ rJatmifEdkifa&;wdk@u q&m ajymcJhwJh a[mcJhwJh w&m;awG[m tckcsdeftxd u|efawmfwdk@ a&eHacsmif;ol a&eHacsmif;om; awG&JŒ&ifxJ tjrJxm0& usefcJhygw,fq&m? ? tpOfxm0& av;pm;aeqJ omcsKd a&eHacsmif; q&m q&muG,v f eG o f mG ;ayr,fh 'DaEGrSm ik ESifh ydawmufóudifonf 'DarrSm ‘pk’ESifh carmufEdkif+yD qdkwmwdk@ jynfolawG arhae=urSm r[kwfygbl;q&m?

tpOfav;pm;vsuf cif0if; bl;u|ef;&Gm a&eHacsmif;òrdŒ 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 190

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm q&m uAsmawGe@J aysmaf ecJh q&mhuAsm q&mhpmonf jrefrm&eH@ oif;ysH@ar$;jr vStºuG&?G jrefrmuAsmq&m jrefrmudck spv f suf ESyd pf ufo@l '%f rcHomay a0;ajr&yfjcm; q&moGm;I qH;k yg;cJ+h yD? q&mqHk;vnf; "m;rokOf;yg q&mhuAsm q&mxHY jynf&mG tES@H c&D;jyef@vsuf oif;ysH@jr? ? udkoef;atmif a&eHacsmif;

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191

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm q&m vlcsi;f r&if;ES;D cJah yr,fh pdwf"mwfcsif;u twlyg?

axG;jrifh 29/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 pdrf;wJhajrodk@ jyefvmcJhygq&m?

armifrsKd;oefŒ awmifwGif;}uD; q&mh&JŒpm/ uAsmawG avv_dif;u q&mh&JŒtoHawG tm;vHk;[m jrefrm&eH@awGeJ@yg? jrefrmqdkwm r[kwfrcHwJhvlrsKd; &nfrSef;csuf cH,lcsufudk toufeJ@vJ umuG,fwwfwJh vlrsKd;yg? q&m[m wu,fhjrefrmppfppfyg? ? ausmfaqG awmifwGif;}uD; 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 u|efawmfwdk@&JŒ uAsmol&Jaumif;}uD;udk t+rJwrf;trSwfw& &Sdae=uvsuf txl;0rf;enf;jcif;rsm;pGmeJ@ cGJcGmcJh+yD? ? q&m}uD;&JŒwynfh wyfOD;v 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007 192

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm q&m qHk;yg;oGm;+yD æ wJh? &ifxJrSm qdk@epfa=uuGJw,fqdk em;vnfcHpm;vdkuf&ygw,f? 90 jynfhESpfu a&eHacsmif;ajrrSm xm;cJhwJhq&mhpum;awG[m æ jynfov l x l u k kd trSew f &m;udk tEkokckrudk æ yDyDjyifjyif xifusefcJhwm[m æ q&mhordkif;xJu rSwfwdkiftjzpf rSwfrdaerSmyg trSefyg? ? q&mhudk ±dkaoav;pm;pGmjzifh jrifhaiG a&eHacsmif; 27/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

q&m}uD;udkb*srf; ynmudk wefzdk;rxm;wwfwJh ppftpdk;&a=umifh ynm&Sifwpfa,muf wdkif;wyg;rSm uG,fvGefcJh&jcif;? usef&pfwJht±dk;awmif udk,fhajrrSmrxm;&wJhb0udk &ifemrdw,f? 0rf;enf;a=uuGJ&ygw,f? 'gayr,fh jynfolawG&JŒ ESvHk;tdrfrSmawmh xm0&jr‡KyfESHxm;+yD;cJhyg+yD?

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193

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm od@k q&m æ u|efawmfwdk@ æ q&meJ@ roifcJh rjrifcJhzl;ygbl;? odk@ayr,fh q&m æ rdk;a&wufa& wazG;azG;=um;rSm }uD;jyif;&SifoefvmcJh=uwJh u|efawmfwdk@eJ@q&m æ uGif;us,fta0;a0; æ vdk a0; æ a0; æ rSmaecJh=u&vdk@ v,fapmifhwJuav; ajcwH&Snfovdk æ udk,fhtdrfudk,fjyefcsifwJhq&m v,fapmifhwJuav;&JŒ ajcwHvdkyJ vnfwHawGrsm; &SnfcJhava&mhovm; æ? rdk;ukyfatmufrSmae æ qdkvdk@ u|efawmfwdk@tm;vHk; wpfrdk;wnf;atmufrSmawmh twlw&l cdS =hJ uyg&ŒJ ? odk@ayr,fh u|efawmfwdk@wdkif;jynfrSm =umeDwpfyGifh jzLwpfyGifh æ wJeJ@yeHwifhEdkifzdk@ u|efawmfhwdk@ æ quf æ quf vkyf=u&OD;r,fq&m æ cH,lcJhaom q&mhwynfhwpfOD; eDrdkvd+if (,rif;vd+if) Member of NLD

29/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

cspaf omq&mod@k q&mqHk;+yD qdkwJhpum; ±kww f &uf=um;&wm vGrf;p&meJ@ wkefv_yf tm;i,f+yD; rv_yfcsifbl;? tvif;rS ra&mufao;bl;? tdyfrufqdk; rufovdkyJq&m æ? 194

vGr;f vdu k w f mvGeyf ga&m? rdk;vif;rS tr#a0r,faemf om"kom ac:ygawmhq&m æ? jruefomESifh yeHwifhonfh =umyGifhawmh rjzpfao;ygq&m?

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm bb*srf; oZifxdkufqdkwJhemrnf bbay;cJhwmyg? bbay;cJhovdk oZifvdkyJ jrifhjrifhrm;rm;rSm &yfwnf+yD; xdkufwefwJhvlwpfa,mufjzpfatmif óud;pm;yghr,f? bb[m Ekid if t H wGuf jrefrmjynfoal wGtwGuf vli,fawGtwGuf Edi_ ;f qr&wJh qH;k ±_;H r_ }uD;yg? orD;wdk@ wufvli,fawGtm;vHk; óud;pm;=u&if bbvdkcsifwJhb0 &EdkifrSmyg? bbudk vGrf;w,f? bb zkef;ajymwJhtoH ckxd=um;a,mifrdw,f? orD;wdk@&ifxJrSm bb*srf;qdkwm b,fawmhrS n‡dK;EGrf;jcif;r&SdwJh &Sifoefjcif;opfyifygyJ? oZifxdkuf 29/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

touft&G,rf mS omru ynmt&mrSmyg æ tpfudk}uD;ozG,fjzpfaom tpfudk}uD; q&mwifrdk;udk tpOftjrJ owd&wrf;wvsufyg? ? wuUodkvfbmomjyefXme vkyfazmfudkifzuf 29/ Zefe0g&D/ 2007

q&mwifrdk;udk vGrf;w,f?

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195

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197

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203

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm ckawmh b,fawmhrSr}uD;wJhrif;u qkH;+yD æ? owif;XmeawGu ighudk wpfckckajymygqdkawmh igh rif;&JŒ {nfhonf}uD;uAsmav;udkyJ &Gwv f u kd yf gw,f? aq;vdyv f nf;wdk aevnf;ndK+yD ighudk jyefydk@=uygav qdkwJh uAsmav? rif;jyefcsifwJh jrefrmjynfudk rif;jyefra&mufvmEdkifawmhygvm;uGm? 'gayr,fh rif;&JŒuAsmpdw"f mwf uAsm0dnmOf trsK;d om;a&;pdw"f mwfuawmh jrefrmjynf tESH@ &moufyef v$rf;ðcHaerSmyg oli,fcsif;? ? rif;&JŒoli,fcsi;f rif;tjrJac:wJh armifpdefqdkwJh armifrdk;ol 26/ 1/ 07

Dear U Tin Moe, It was a wonderful occasion to meet you in Brussels, when you just arrived in Europe. Unfortunately I did not have the opportunity to meet you again. I am still looking forward through to read more of your writing. Yours sincerely, T. Kramer 29.01.07

q&m*sr;f tjrJowd&aeygw,f?

tefwDòrdif uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm bbOD;wifrdk; rar#mfvifhbJESifh ±kwfw&uf}uD;qkH;+yDvdk@ =um;awmh ,kHawmifr,kHrdbl;? csif;rdkifrSm bbt=um}uD;aecJh+yD; pum;awGvnf; trsm;}uD;ajymcJhw,f? bbeJ@awG@wm aemufqkH;jzpfaew,f? ? yef;oD; 29/ 01/ 07

q&m*sr;f tif;pdef [D;Edk;*dwf One Tea vufzuf&nfqdkifu naeydkif;av;awGudk owd&rdw,f q&m*srf;&,f? ? udkjrifhaqG tif;pdef

q&m}uD;OD;wifrdk; tb avScGuf}uD;usef tvHrvJbJ touf&Sdaeor# acgif;ikH@rcHbJ rav#mhaomZGJeJ@ rdp>m'dÏdwdk@udk wdkufyJG0ifrnf[k oEMdÏmefðyygonf?

Robert

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm q&mOD;wifrdk; q&mEdkifiHjcm;udk rxGufcGmcifwpfywfu q&meJ@ u|efawmfqkHcJh=uw,f? q&mwd@k xdik af eusjcH}uD;xJu vufzuf&nfqikd rf mS E_wq f ufvufzuf&nf q&mwdu k cf hJ w,f? tJ'g t+yD;tydkif E_wfqufoGm;cJhwmqdkwm tckrS od&awmhw,f? tJ'Dae@u q&m u|efawmfhudk ac:cJhwm tckxd em;xJrSm =um;a,mifaewkef;yg? “aumifav; æ eif tm;vm;” wJh? tm;ygw,fqdkawmh “tm;&if vufzuf&nfqdkif oGm;&atmif” wJh? tJ'g q&meJ@aemufqkH; qkHcJhwmygyJ? 'gayr,fh u|efawmfwdk@ &ifxJrSm q&mtjrJ&SdaerSmyg? xdk@twlyJ q&muAsmawG tjrJ&SifoefaerSmyg? atmifyGJqif yef;0ifwJhae@awGtxdaygh?

q&m aumif;&mok*wda&mufygap? udkaZmfrif;ausmf š rcifav; NLD Youth

q&mwifr;kd iSm;r& 0,fr& tpm;xdk;r&onfrSm uAsmq&mhESvkH;om; TESvkH;om;ydkif&Sif q&mhtm; ±dkaopGm *g&0ðyyg.?

apmndKa0 a&$jynfom

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i,fi,fav;uwnf;u &if;ESD;cifrifcJh&wJh OD;OD;wifrdk; OD;OD;wifrdk;&JŒ tem*wfordkif;[m tpOfvSaerSmyg?

tHhbG,fausmf 29/ 1/ 2007

uavmifudkifvsuf uAsmvufeJ@ qufvufawmfveS f atmifycJG x H d rmefOD;rus OD;!Gwf=uavmh rkcsyef;wdik af &muf&rnf? q&mhudkav;pm;cspfcifaom æ æ uAsmq&m udka&$atmifoif; 29/ 1/ 07 216

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ckawmh aq;vdyfrwdk aerndKygyJ u|efawmfwdk@udk cGJawmh tarSmifwumh tarSmifxJrSm æ 0rf;enf;tm;i,f usef&pf&if; cspw f q hJ &m&JŒ uAsmtarGrsm;eJ@yJ tm;cJ c&D;quf&OD;r,fq&ma& æ armifvGifrGef ( uom )

q&mhudk *k%fðyzdk@awmh u|efawmhrSm tqifhrDwJhpmom; wykdif;wpawmif &Smvdk@r&awmhyg? wrvGerf mS *DwoHeJ@ om,mEdkifygapvdk@?

q&mh&JŒ wynfh *DwjrwfEdk;ol udkav; (abmfpwGef) Zefe0g&Dv 24 &uf/ 2007 217

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm q&mwifr;kd qdkwm jrefrmhuAsm urBmhuAsm q&mrdk@ u|efawmfwdk@tm;vkH; OD;!Gwfvsufyg? ? rsKd;jrifhatmif 88 rsKd;qufausmif;om; bbwifrdk;odk@ a0[ifrS ysHoef;&if; tem*wfudk &SmazGaewJhbb aumif;&mbkHudk a&mufygap?

rsKd;cif &efuif; b}uD;rdk; aumif;&mok*wdvm;ygap aumif;&mb0a&muf&ydS gap b}uD;rdk;vdkyk*~dKvfrsKd;tm; *k%f,lav;pm;vsuf æ æ ay:atmifcspf (yef;csD) OD;xifatmif (Japanese)

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm q&ma& tjrJwrf; q&mhordkif;u xifusefae&pfyghr,f æ æ aewifjrifh q&mrdk; rEœav;uAsmq&mxJrSm av;pm;&wJhtxJrSm q&mygygw,f? q&m=unf / q&mud k a v;wd k @ eJ @ xyf w l av;pm;&wJ h q&mqk H ; yg;wm tvG e f 0rf;enf;rdygw,f q&m? ? !GefŒopf

O,smOfrLS ;uawmh aºuGviG o hf mG ;cJyh g+yD? 'gayr,fh yef;rsm;uawmh xm0pOf zl;yGiahf 0jrJygy?J udkajzmifh (&Gmwef;&Snf) 29/ 1/ 07

Sayagyi Moe An irreplaceable loss to Myanmar literary world!

Nyunt Wai Moe 29.1.2007

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm To family of U Tin Moe He was a treasure for the people of Burma and the world. His words inspire us and his actions move us to act. He lives on in our hearts – a hero. Jeremy Woodrum

‘edAŠmefodk@ a&muf&ef ocsõKif;aygif;rsm;pGmudk ausmfjzwf&ef 0efrav;awmh+yD’ wJhvm;? q&ma&;cJh awG;cJhovdk cGx J m;&pfc+hJ yDayg?h wcgwcg aojcif;w&m;[m vlrSm;ac:wwfovm;? r,kcH siaf yr,fh q&m wu,fuG,fvGefcJh+yD wJh? q&mhtwGuf trSwfw&pum; usaemfE_wfzsm; qGH@ t ae&JŒ? tvGrf;ajy rwJhvm; awG;rdwdkif; tvGrf;u ydkydkaeygw,f? ? atmifausmfxGef;/ qkqkarmif q&m ZmwdaoG;/ ZmwdrmefuvGJvdk@ bmrmefrmerS r&Sd? yuwd ±kd;&Sif;wJh q&mh&JŒ uAsm/ q&mh&JŒpmawG/ q&mhar#mfrSef;csufawG usaemfwdk@ wdkif;jynfrSm vufawG@jzpfxGef;vmwJhtxd wwfEdkifor# óud;yrf;oGm;ygr,fvdk@ uwdðyvdkufygw,f q&m? q&maumif;&mok*wdrSm uAsmawG pmawGeJ@ qufvufaysmfEdkifygap? ? bdkvSwifh uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

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0if;az

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aZmfrdk;ausmf

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tpOf±adk oav;pm;vsuf wifarodef;

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm q&mOD;wifrdk; ydkIaumif;aom b0rS ae+yD; usaemfrsm;&JŒ ðyrlr_rsm;udk om"kac:Edkifygapvdk@ yef=um;&if; æ æ armifcifarmif0if; (VOA rS rdwfaqGa[mif;wOD;)

pmuAsmrsm;rSru q&m}uD; ajymqdv k y_ &f mS ;/ rmefrmeuif;/ opPmw&m;/ ±k;d om;r_/ tm;pdu k rf _ cspaf rwWmawG/ jrefrmvlrsKd;*k%f pmaytusKd; aemufqkH;xGufoufa&mufcsdefxd rarmryef; rav#mhZGJjzifh usaemfoufxufqkH; owd& *k%f,lvsuf óud;pm;vkyfudkif aexdkifoGm;ygr,f? ? om;wynfh

Ed_if;,SOfr& tvGefav;pm;*k%f,laeygw,f q&m}uD;wifrdk; æ æ cspfcifav;pm;pGmjzifh aZmfatmif Sayagyi, I met you only two times. But you taught me and let you so many valuable things. Both my husband & I dearly love you. May you rest in peace. Aree

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zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm Ah pe, So unexpectedly you left on your last journey but in our hearts you will always be with us. You were a lot to us, a father, a grandfather, a writer, a freedom fighter. Many more things you still wish to do, the path is written for us just to follow, A guide for many… A father for me, Carl De Moor Your son

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Poem in my heart Saya Moe passed away Saya Maha Kabya Moe passed away Tha-khin Kodaw Moe passed away Irreplaceable!!! Big..Big.. Big.. Loss.. Dr. Aung Tun

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cifwifhwifh BAWA

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pdkif;atmif0if; 29 Zefe0g&D/ 2007

q&m*sr;f wm0efauswJh q&mhuAsmawGu æ ordkif;tqufquf av#mufvSrf;aerSmygq&m?

vif;xif ra[oDr*~Zif;

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udkwifrdk; - udkb*srf;a& æ b0rSm cifAsm;[m rGefjrwfwJhtvkyfawG vkyfoGm;wmyg?

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M.Z NLD Insein

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Yellow leves are Falling, to serve as Fertilizer for the coming generation. Khin Maung Aye Attorney & Consultant

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Uncle, With my deepest sympathy.. My prayers & thoughts are always with your family. Wai Wai (NY)

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'Drdku&ufwpf jrefrmhtoH P.O Box 6720, ST. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway. www.dvb.no

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2007 Zefe0g&D 26 288

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q&m}uD; OD;wifrdk; (1933 = 2007) psmyetcrf;tem; tpDtpOf aeŒ&uf pae 01-27-07 Saturday January 27,2007

we*FaEG 01-28-07 Sunday January 28, 2007

tcsdef 5;30 - 8;30 em&D nae 5:30pm-8:30pm

11;00 - 1;00 em&Dae@vnf 11:00am-1:00pm

2;30 - 4;15 em&D 2:30pm - 4:15pm

wevFm 01-29-07

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January 29, 2007

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Rose Hills Memorial Park and Mortuary (Memorial Chapel)3888 Workman Mill Rd, Whittier, CA 90601 Tel-(562)692-1212 (562)699-0921

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"rRaZmwdausmif; Dhammajoti Meditation Center (Baldwin Park Monastery) 4436 Walnut Street Baldwin Park, CA 91706 Tel-(626) 337-0056

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Rose Hills Memorial psmyetcrf;tem; Park and Mortuary (Funeral Service) (SkyRose Chapel) Rose Hills Memorial Park and Mortuary

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Rose Hills Memorial Park and Mortuary Location: http://www.rosehills.com/locationsContent/location.aspx Direction: http://www.mapguest.com Dhammajoti Meditation Center (Baldwin Park Monasery) Location & Direction: http://www.mapguest.com/

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297

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm

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udo k ef;atmif - 191 odyrH` if;=unf - 197 a':odef;!Gef@(bmomjyefXme)&J@om;/ qefeD - 165 odef;xkduf - 164 OD;odef;Edkif/ a':usif&D - 262 odef;armif - 166 armifodef;jrwf - 165 ode;f ode;f aX; - 265 ode;f at; - 179 udkodrf;aqG - 156 [ a[rmcif - 210 a[refoZif - 128 armif[efwif - 120 udk[ef - 157 [efxGef; - 167 t t*sp[ f ed ;f - 247 tnmu q&m - 163 at&D - 223 at;Edkif - 193 udak t;Edik f (pdw贸f uduu f zD;) - 158/ 159 at;rif;/ odef;pnf/ oufarmif - 222 at;jrifh - 267 at;0if; (vrif;w&m) - 79 at;at;oef; - 263 atmfyDus,f - 143 tHhbG,fausmf - 216/ 270 tdk;a0atmif - 267 OD;t*~"rR - 238 udkatmif - 271 udkatmif/ jrjrpdk;/ om; atmifpdk;rif; - 225 atmifausmfcdkif - 259 303

zvfr;D tdro f hdk tvGr;f pm atmifausmfqef; (jrif;jcH) - 164 atmifausmfxGef;/ qkqkarmif - 221 atmifausmfOD; - 260 atmif}uD; - 248 a'gufwmatmifcif - 262 atmif+idrf; - 130 atmifapmOD; - 227 a'gufwmatmifxGef; - 229/ 260 atmifxeG ;f OD; - 155 atmifeD - 249 atmifarmfZif - 231 atmifr;kd 0if; - 81 a'gufwmatmifrsKd;oef@ - 232 atmifjrifo h ed ;f - 155 atmifjrifOh ;D - 148 atmifvwf - 265 atmifviG f - 146 atmifa0; - 129 OD;atmif0if; - 160 atmif0ef; - 132 atmifoif; - 147/ 242 atmifoef@ - 184 OD;atmifodef; (w&m;±kH;csKyfa&S@ae) - 199 tke;f armif - 175 OrRmAdv k f - 133 OrRmOD; - 253 88 rsKd;quf ausmif;om;rsm; - 279 ÔÔÔÔ

304

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uAsmq&m wifrdk; uG,fvGefjcif; wvjynfh trSwfw&

305

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