Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks

1. Understanding the Investment Tax Credit

1. The investment Tax credit (ITC) is a valuable tax incentive that can significantly benefit businesses looking to expand and grow. Understanding how this credit works and how to take advantage of it can help businesses maximize their growth potential while minimizing their tax liabilities. In this section, we will delve into the basics of the Investment Tax Credit, providing you with a comprehensive understanding of its benefits and how to make the most of it.

2. The Investment Tax Credit allows businesses to offset a portion of their federal tax liability based on their qualified investments in eligible assets. These assets can include machinery, equipment, and other tangible property used in the course of business operations. The credit is typically calculated as a percentage of the cost of the qualifying investment, which can range from 10% to 30% depending on the nature of the asset and the specific tax regulations in place.

3. One example of how the Investment Tax Credit can benefit businesses is in the renewable energy sector. Companies that invest in solar panels, wind turbines, or other clean energy technologies can qualify for a substantial tax credit, which can significantly reduce the upfront costs of these investments. This not only makes renewable energy more financially viable but also encourages businesses to adopt sustainable practices, contributing to a greener future.

4. Tips for maximizing the Investment Tax Credit include careful planning and timing of investments. By strategically timing large equipment purchases or expansions, businesses can optimize the credit's impact on their tax liability. Additionally, it is crucial to keep thorough documentation of all eligible investments and expenses to ensure compliance with tax regulations and facilitate the claim process.

5. Case studies can provide real-world examples of how businesses have successfully utilized the Investment Tax Credit. For instance, a manufacturing company that invested in new machinery and equipment to increase production capacity was able to claim a significant tax credit, allowing them to allocate more resources towards research and development, further fueling their growth. These case studies can serve as inspiration and guidance for businesses seeking to leverage the Investment Tax Credit effectively.

6. It is important to note that the specific rules and regulations surrounding the Investment Tax Credit can vary between jurisdictions and may undergo changes over time. Staying informed and seeking professional advice from tax experts or consultants can help businesses stay up to date with the latest developments and ensure compliance with applicable laws.

7. In summary, the Investment Tax Credit presents a valuable opportunity for businesses to reduce their tax liabilities while fueling growth and expansion. By understanding the basics of this tax incentive, leveraging strategic planning and timing, and seeking professional guidance when needed, businesses can make the most of the Investment Tax Credit and position themselves for long-term success.

Understanding the Investment Tax Credit - Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks

Understanding the Investment Tax Credit - Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks

2. Exploring the Benefits of the Investment Tax Credit

1. boosting Economic growth: The Investment Tax Credit (ITC) has proven to be a valuable tool for stimulating economic growth by encouraging businesses to invest in capital assets. By providing a tax break on the cost of qualifying investments, the ITC incentivizes businesses to expand their operations, upgrade equipment, and invest in research and development. This, in turn, leads to increased productivity, job creation, and overall economic prosperity.

2. Encouraging renewable Energy investments: One of the key benefits of the ITC is its ability to drive investments in renewable energy sources. Businesses that invest in solar, wind, geothermal, and other eligible clean energy projects can claim a significant tax credit. This has resulted in a surge of renewable energy installations across the country, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting a more sustainable future.

3. Cost Savings and improved Cash flow: The ITC offers businesses a direct reduction in their tax liability, resulting in substantial cost savings. By leveraging the tax credit, companies can allocate the saved funds towards other critical areas of their operations, such as hiring additional staff, expanding marketing efforts, or undertaking research and development initiatives. This improved cash flow can be a game-changer for businesses, enabling them to accelerate growth and pursue new opportunities.

4. Accelerating technology Adoption and innovation: The ITC plays a vital role in driving technology adoption and innovation across various industries. For instance, businesses in the manufacturing sector can claim the tax credit when investing in advanced machinery or automation systems, enhancing their production capabilities and competitiveness. Similarly, companies in the healthcare field can utilize the ITC to invest in state-of-the-art medical equipment, improving patient care and outcomes.

5. Real-World Examples: Several case studies highlight the positive impact of the ITC on businesses. One such example is a manufacturing company that utilized the tax credit to upgrade its production line with automated robots. As a result, the company experienced a significant increase in productivity and cost savings, allowing them to expand their market share and hire more workers.

6. Tips for Maximizing the ITC: To make the most of the Investment Tax Credit, businesses should keep a few key considerations in mind. Firstly, it's crucial to ensure that the investments made qualify for the credit by consulting with tax professionals or referring to IRS guidelines. Additionally, businesses should maintain accurate records and documentation of their qualifying investments to substantiate their claims. Lastly, it's essential to stay informed about any changes or updates to the tax credit regulations to optimize its benefits effectively.

The Investment Tax Credit offers numerous benefits for businesses, ranging from stimulating economic growth to promoting renewable energy investments. By leveraging this tax break, companies can achieve cost savings, improve cash flow, drive innovation, and accelerate their growth trajectory. The real-world examples and tips provided demonstrate the practical advantages of utilizing the Investment tax Credit for maximizing business growth and success.

Exploring the Benefits of the Investment Tax Credit - Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks

Exploring the Benefits of the Investment Tax Credit - Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks

3. Determining if Your Business Qualifies

1. understanding the Eligibility criteria for Investment Tax Credit

When it comes to maximizing your business growth with tax breaks, the Investment Tax Credit (ITC) can be a valuable tool. However, before you can take advantage of this incentive, it's important to determine if your business qualifies. In this section, we will explore the eligibility criteria for the ITC, providing you with a clear understanding of what it takes to qualify.

2. Business Type and Industry

The first factor to consider is your business type and industry. The ITC is generally available to businesses engaged in certain qualifying activities, such as manufacturing, research and development, renewable energy, or technology innovation. For example, if your business is involved in the production of solar panels or wind turbines, you may be eligible for the ITC. It's crucial to review the specific industry guidelines to ensure your business falls within the qualifying categories.

3. Investment in Qualified Property

Another important criterion for eligibility is the investment in qualified property. The ITC is designed to incentivize businesses to invest in certain types of assets that contribute to economic growth. These assets may include machinery, equipment, software, or even buildings. To qualify for the ITC, your business must have made a substantial investment in such property. For instance, if you have recently purchased new manufacturing equipment to expand your production capacity, you may be eligible for the ITC based on the value of that investment.

4. Timeframe and Placed-in-Service Date

The timing of your investment is also a significant factor in determining eligibility for the ITC. Generally, the property must be placed in service before a certain deadline to qualify for the credit. For example, if you purchase new equipment in 2022, you may need to ensure it is operational and being used in your business before the end of the tax year to claim the ITC for that year. It's crucial to keep track of deadlines and plan your investments accordingly to maximize your tax benefits.

5. Case Study: ABC Manufacturing Company

To illustrate the eligibility criteria for the ITC, let's consider the case of ABC Manufacturing Company. ABC is a solar panel manufacturer that recently invested $1 million in new machinery to expand its production capacity. As a result of this investment, ABC was able to qualify for the ITC, which allowed them to claim a tax credit of 30% of the total investment. This tax credit not only helped ABC reduce its tax liability but also provided additional funds that could be reinvested in the business for further growth.

6. Tips for Determining Eligibility

To ensure that your business qualifies for the ITC, here are a few tips to keep in mind:

- Research and understand the specific industry guidelines for the ITC.

- Consult with a tax professional who specializes in business tax incentives to ensure you meet all the eligibility criteria.

- Keep accurate and detailed records of your investments in qualified property, including dates of purchase and placed-in-service.

- Stay updated on any changes or updates to the ITC eligibility requirements to maximize your tax benefits.

Determining if your business qualifies for the Investment tax Credit is crucial for maximizing your business growth with tax breaks. By understanding the eligibility criteria and meeting the necessary requirements, you can take advantage of this incentive to reduce your tax liability and reinvest in your business's future success.

Determining if Your Business Qualifies - Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks

Determining if Your Business Qualifies - Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks

4. How to Calculate and Claim the Investment Tax Credit?

1. Understanding the Investment Tax Credit

The Investment Tax Credit (ITC) is a powerful tax incentive that allows businesses to reduce their tax liability when they make qualifying investments in certain assets. This credit can significantly impact a company's bottom line, providing a substantial financial boost for growth and expansion. However, to take full advantage of this tax break, businesses must understand how to calculate and claim the Investment Tax Credit accurately. In this section, we will explore the steps involved in determining and claiming the ITC, along with some helpful tips and real-life case studies.

2. Calculating the Investment Tax Credit

To calculate the Investment Tax Credit, businesses need to determine the eligible basis of the asset they have invested in. The eligible basis includes the cost of the asset itself, as well as any associated installation and transportation expenses. It's important to note that only certain assets qualify for the ITC, such as renewable energy systems, energy-efficient equipment, and qualified research property. Once the eligible basis is established, businesses can multiply it by the applicable tax credit rate to determine the amount of the credit.

For example, consider a small manufacturing company that invests $100,000 in solar panels for their facility. Assuming a tax credit rate of 30%, the eligible basis for the investment would be $100,000. Multiplying this by the tax credit rate of 30% would result in a $30,000 Investment Tax Credit for the company.

3. Claiming the Investment Tax Credit

To claim the Investment Tax Credit, businesses must file Form 3468, Investment Credit, along with their annual tax return. This form requires detailed information about the eligible property, including the date it was placed in service, its cost, and the applicable tax credit rate. Additionally, businesses may need to attach supporting documentation, such as invoices or receipts, to substantiate their claim.

It's essential to keep accurate records and documentation of all expenses related to the eligible property. This includes not only the initial investment but also any subsequent improvements or modifications that enhance the asset's functionality or efficiency. By maintaining comprehensive records, businesses can ensure they claim the full amount of the Investment Tax Credit they are entitled to.

4. Tips for Maximizing the Investment Tax Credit

To maximize the benefits of the Investment Tax Credit, businesses should consider the following tips:

- Explore all eligible assets: Research the various assets that qualify for the ITC and identify those that align with your business goals. For instance, if you are in the construction industry, energy-efficient HVAC systems or solar water heaters could be eligible assets worth considering.

- Plan investments strategically: Timing is crucial when it comes to claiming the ITC. Businesses should consider the impact of the tax credit on their cash flow and plan investments accordingly. For instance, if you anticipate a higher tax liability in the coming years, it may be beneficial to delay certain investments until then.

- Consult with tax professionals: tax laws and regulations can be complex and subject to change. Engaging the services of tax professionals who specialize in investment tax incentives can help ensure accurate calculations and maximize your potential tax savings.

5. real-Life Case study

To illustrate the potential benefits of the Investment Tax Credit, let's consider a real-life case study. ABC Manufacturing, a medium-sized company, invested $500,000 in energy-efficient machinery for their production facility. Based on the applicable tax credit rate of 20%, the eligible basis for the investment would be $500,000. Multiplying this by the tax credit rate of 20% would result in a $100,000 Investment Tax Credit for ABC Manufacturing.

This tax credit allowed ABC Manufacturing to reinvest the saved funds into further expansion and innovation, ultimately boosting their competitiveness and profitability in the market.

Understanding how to calculate and claim the Investment Tax Credit is essential for businesses looking to maximize their growth potential while benefiting from valuable tax breaks. By accurately determining the eligible basis and following the necessary steps to claim the credit, businesses can harness the power of the ITC to fuel their expansion, improve their cash flow, and achieve long-term success.

How to Calculate and Claim the Investment Tax Credit - Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks

How to Calculate and Claim the Investment Tax Credit - Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks

5. Leveraging the Investment Tax Credit for Business Expansion

When it comes to expanding your business, there are many financial factors to consider. One of the most important is the Investment Tax Credit (ITC). The ITC is a tax credit that allows businesses to offset a portion of their investment in eligible renewable energy projects. By leveraging this credit, businesses can not only save money on their taxes but also invest in sustainable energy sources that can help them grow in the long run.

1. Understanding the Investment Tax Credit

The ITC is a federal tax credit that allows businesses to claim up to 26% of their investment in renewable energy projects as a credit against their federal income tax liability. This tax credit applies to a wide range of renewable energy projects, including solar, wind, geothermal, and fuel cell projects.

2. Qualifying for the Investment Tax Credit

To qualify for the ITC, businesses must invest in eligible renewable energy projects. These projects must be placed in service before the end of the tax year in which the credit is claimed. Additionally, businesses must own the renewable energy system or have a lease agreement that is at least 20 years in length.

3. Benefits of the Investment Tax Credit

The ITC offers several benefits to businesses that choose to invest in renewable energy projects. First and foremost, the tax credit can help businesses save money on their federal income taxes. Additionally, investing in renewable energy can help businesses reduce their energy costs over time, which can help them save money and improve their bottom line.

4. Comparing the Investment tax Credit to Other tax Breaks

While the ITC is a valuable tax break for businesses, it is not the only one available. Other tax breaks, such as the modified Accelerated Cost Recovery system (MACRS) and the Section 179 deduction, can also help businesses save money on their taxes. However, these tax breaks may not offer the same long-term benefits as the ITC, which can help businesses save money on their energy costs over time.

5. Choosing the Best Option for Your Business

When it comes to choosing the best tax break for your business, it is important to consider your long-term goals and financial needs. If you are looking to invest in renewable energy and reduce your energy costs over time, the ITC may be the best option for you. However, if you are looking for a short-term tax break that can help you save money on your taxes this year, other tax breaks may be a better choice.

Leveraging the Investment Tax Credit for business expansion can be a smart financial move for businesses that are looking to invest in renewable energy and reduce their energy costs over time. By understanding the ITC and comparing it to other tax breaks, businesses can choose the best option for their long-term financial goals.

Leveraging the Investment Tax Credit for Business Expansion - Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks

Leveraging the Investment Tax Credit for Business Expansion - Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks

6. Success Stories of Businesses Utilizing the Tax Breaks

When it comes to running a business, maximizing growth is always a top priority. One way to do this is by taking advantage of tax breaks and incentives, such as the Investment Tax Credit (ITC). The ITC provides businesses with a credit for a percentage of the cost of qualifying investments in renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. In this section, we will explore some success stories of businesses utilizing the ITC to grow and thrive.

1. Solar Energy: Solar energy is a popular investment for businesses looking to reduce their carbon footprint and save on energy costs. One example of a successful ITC project is the installation of a 1.2 MW solar system at the headquarters of the san Diego county Water Authority. The project cost $3.5 million, but the ITC provided a credit of $1.05 million, reducing the net cost to $2.45 million. The solar system is expected to save the Water Authority $4 million in energy costs over the next 20 years.

2. Wind Energy: Another renewable energy investment that can benefit from the ITC is wind energy. One example is the partnership between Amazon and Pattern Energy, which resulted in the construction of a 150 MW wind farm in Indiana. The project cost $270 million, but the ITC provided a credit of $81 million, reducing the net cost to $189 million. The wind farm will provide Amazon with 400,000 MWh of clean energy each year, enough to power 35,000 homes.

3. Energy Efficiency: Improving energy efficiency is another way for businesses to save money and reduce their environmental impact. One example is the retrofitting of a 1.2 million square foot warehouse for the grocery chain Kroger. The project cost $6.7 million, but the ITC provided a credit of $2 million, reducing the net cost to $4.7 million. The retrofitting included the installation of LED lighting, HVAC upgrades, and insulation improvements. The energy savings from these upgrades are expected to pay for the project within five years.

4. Comparison: While all of these projects were successful in utilizing the ITC to reduce costs and improve sustainability, it's important to compare the options and choose the best investment for your business. Solar energy may be a good option for businesses located in areas with high electricity rates and ample sunlight, while wind energy may be better suited for businesses in windy areas with a demand for large amounts of energy. energy efficiency upgrades can benefit any business, regardless of location or industry.

The Investment Tax Credit can provide businesses with significant savings and a boost in sustainability. By investing in renewable energy and energy efficiency projects, businesses can reduce their carbon footprint, save money on energy costs, and improve their reputation as a socially responsible company. It's important to carefully consider the options and choose the best investment for your business to maximize the benefits of the ITC.

Success Stories of Businesses Utilizing the Tax Breaks - Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks

Success Stories of Businesses Utilizing the Tax Breaks - Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks

7. Common Mistakes to Avoid When Applying for the Investment Tax Credit

1. Failing to Understand Eligibility Requirements

One of the most common mistakes businesses make when applying for the Investment Tax Credit (ITC) is not fully understanding the eligibility requirements. The ITC is available for certain types of investments, such as renewable energy projects or qualified energy-efficient equipment. Before applying, it is crucial to carefully review the IRS guidelines and ensure that your project or equipment meets the necessary criteria. For example, if you plan to install solar panels, they must meet specific efficiency standards to qualify for the ITC.

2. Overlooking documentation and Record-keeping

Proper documentation and record-keeping are essential when applying for the ITC. Many businesses make the mistake of not keeping accurate records of their expenses, which can lead to delays or even denials of their tax credit claims. It is crucial to maintain detailed records of all relevant invoices, receipts, contracts, and other supporting documents. Additionally, keep in mind that the IRS may require additional documentation, such as proof of installation or certification. By staying organized and diligent with your record-keeping, you can avoid unnecessary complications during the application process.

3. Ignoring State and Local Incentives

While the federal Investment Tax Credit provides significant tax benefits, it's important not to overlook state and local incentives that can further enhance your savings. Many states offer additional tax credits or grants for eligible projects, which can significantly reduce your overall investment costs. For instance, some states provide cash rebates or low-interest loans for renewable energy installations. By conducting thorough research and exploring all available incentives, you can maximize your tax savings and make your investment even more financially advantageous.

4. Failing to Plan Ahead and Time Your Investment

Timing is crucial when it comes to applying for the ITC. Many businesses make the mistake of not planning ahead and initiating their projects or equipment purchases at the right time to take full advantage of the tax credit. The ITC has a phasedown schedule, meaning the percentage of the credit decreases over time. For example, in 2021, the ITC for solar projects is 26%, but it will decrease to 22% in 2023 and beyond. By carefully planning your investment and timing it to align with the highest credit percentage, you can maximize your tax savings.

5. Not Seeking Professional Guidance

navigating the complexities of the investment Tax Credit can be challenging, especially for businesses unfamiliar with tax regulations. Many businesses make the mistake of not seeking professional guidance from tax experts or consultants who specialize in tax incentives. These professionals can provide valuable advice, help you navigate the application process, and ensure that you maximize your tax savings. Additionally, they can help you identify any potential pitfalls or overlooked opportunities that could impact your eligibility for the ITC.

By avoiding these common mistakes, businesses can increase their chances of successfully applying for the Investment Tax Credit and maximizing their tax savings. Understanding eligibility requirements, maintaining meticulous record-keeping, considering state and local incentives, timing your investment strategically, and seeking professional guidance are all crucial steps that can significantly enhance the financial benefits of the ITC.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Applying for the Investment Tax Credit - Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Applying for the Investment Tax Credit - Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks

8. Potential Changes or Updates to the Tax Break

1. Increased focus on renewable energy tax breaks

In recent years, there has been a growing global emphasis on transitioning towards a more sustainable future. Governments around the world are recognizing the importance of renewable energy sources and the positive impact they can have on both the environment and the economy. As a result, we may see potential changes or updates to the tax break system, specifically in relation to renewable energy investments. For instance, there could be an expansion of tax credits for businesses that invest in solar panels, wind turbines, or other clean energy technologies. These incentives would not only encourage businesses to adopt more sustainable practices but also help stimulate the growth of the renewable energy sector.

2. Expansion of tax breaks for research and development (R&D)

Innovation is a key driver of economic growth and competitiveness. To foster innovation, governments often provide tax incentives for businesses engaged in research and development activities. However, as technology continues to advance at an unprecedented rate, the definition of R&D is evolving. Therefore, we may see potential changes or updates to the tax break system that broaden the scope of eligible R&D activities. For example, currently, businesses involved in software development may face challenges in qualifying for R&D tax credits. In the future, we could see adjustments to make these credits more accessible to businesses operating in the software industry, ultimately promoting technological advancement and economic growth.

3. Incentives for investing in disadvantaged communities

Socioeconomic disparities continue to be a pressing issue in many countries. To address this, governments are exploring ways to incentivize investments in disadvantaged communities, often referred to as Opportunity Zones. These zones are designated areas that require economic revitalization, and businesses investing in these areas can receive tax benefits. In the future, we may see potential changes or updates to the tax break system that further encourage investments in Opportunity Zones. For instance, there could be an expansion of the tax credit percentage or an extension of the duration of the tax benefits. These changes would not only help uplift struggling communities but also provide businesses with unique growth opportunities.

4. Streamlining and simplifying the tax break application process

One common challenge businesses face when applying for tax breaks is navigating the complex and time-consuming application process. To address this, there may be potential changes or updates to streamline and simplify the application process for tax breaks. For example, governments could introduce online platforms or digital tools that automate the application process, reducing paperwork and eliminating unnecessary bureaucratic hurdles. By simplifying the process, businesses can more easily access the tax breaks they are eligible for, encouraging investment and growth.

5. Case study: The Section 179 deduction

To illustrate the potential impact of changes or updates to tax breaks, let's consider the case of the Section 179 deduction in the United States. This deduction allows businesses to deduct the full purchase price of qualifying equipment and software purchased or financed during the tax year. In the past, the deduction limit was set at $500,000, but recent changes have increased it to $1,050,000. This change has been well-received by businesses, as it encourages investment in equipment and technology, ultimately driving business growth.

The future outlook for potential changes or updates to the tax break system is promising. Governments are recognizing the need to incentivize sustainable practices, promote innovation, address socioeconomic disparities, and simplify the application process. By staying informed and taking advantage of these potential changes, businesses can maximize their growth potential and contribute to a more prosperous future.

Potential Changes or Updates to the Tax Break - Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks

Potential Changes or Updates to the Tax Break - Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks

9. Unlocking the Potential of the Investment Tax Credit for Business Growth

6. In conclusion, the Investment Tax Credit (ITC) is a valuable tool that businesses can utilize to unlock their potential for growth. By taking advantage of this tax break, businesses can reduce their tax liability and reinvest those savings back into their operations. The ITC has been proven to stimulate economic growth, create jobs, and encourage innovation across various industries.

7. One example of how the ITC has fueled business growth is in the renewable energy sector. Companies that invest in renewable energy technologies such as solar panels or wind turbines can claim the ITC, which has led to a significant increase in renewable energy projects. This not only helps businesses reduce their carbon footprint but also creates jobs in the clean energy industry.

8. Tips for maximizing the benefits of the ITC include proper planning and documentation. It is crucial for businesses to understand the eligibility criteria and ensure that they meet all the requirements to claim the credit. Consulting with a tax professional or seeking guidance from the internal Revenue service (IRS) can help businesses navigate the complex tax laws and optimize their tax savings.

9. Case studies have shown that businesses that strategically utilize the ITC have experienced substantial growth. For instance, a manufacturing company that invested in new equipment and machinery eligible for the ITC saw a significant increase in production capacity, leading to higher revenue and market expansion. By reinvesting the tax savings, businesses can upgrade their infrastructure, expand their workforce, or invest in research and development, ultimately driving growth and competitiveness.

10. In conclusion, the Investment Tax credit is a powerful tool that can help businesses unlock their potential for growth. By leveraging this tax break, businesses can reduce their tax burden and allocate those savings towards investments that drive innovation, expansion, and job creation. Proper planning, documentation, and understanding of the eligibility criteria are essential to maximize the benefits of the ITC. With its proven track record of stimulating economic growth, the ITC is a valuable incentive that businesses should consider to propel their growth and stay competitive in today's dynamic business landscape.

Unlocking the Potential of the Investment Tax Credit for Business Growth - Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks

Unlocking the Potential of the Investment Tax Credit for Business Growth - Investment Tax Credit: Maximize Your Business Growth with Tax Breaks