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Disposal of sewage on land
- 1. DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE ON LAND
- 2. The process in which wastewater is evenly distributed over the ground surface which acts as a low rate filter. Suspended particles are strained out colloids and organic matter are absorbed by the soil particles. Nutrients are utilized by vegetation and more complex organic materials are decomposed to simpler inorganic compounds by soil bacteria.
- 3. QUALITY STANDARDS FOR WASTE WATER EFFLUENTS TO BE DISCHARGED ON LAND FOR IRRIGATION The bureau of Indian standards previously known as Indian standard institution, has vide his code no. 3307-1965 laid down the tolerance limits for various polluting characteristics of Waste water eff luents for their discharge on land irrigation.
- 4. In order to make them legally enforceable , GOI has notified the standards polluted effluents For discharge on land under environment rules 1986. These standards are based upon the quality of irrigation water required by the crops, thus limit the concentration of pollutants contained in sewage. THESE PRESCRIBE BIS STANDARDS ARE SHOWN IN TABLE
- 5. SL. NO. POLLUTANT OF WASTE WATER RULES (1986) 1. COLOUR AND ODOUR REMOVE COLOUR AND ODOUR AS FAR AS PARTICABLE 2. BOD 100mg/l 3. SUSPENDED SOLIDS 200mg/l 4. pH value 5.5 to 9 5. OIL AND GREASE 10mg/l 6. ARSENIC 0.2mg/l 7. CYANIDE 0.2mg/l 8. RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS alpha emitters 10−8 μc/ml
- 6. FACTS ABOUT LAND DISPOSAL METHOD FOR DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE For land disposal, large area of land, preferably with sandy soils. This method is generally found to be better choice in hot climatic areas. Land disposal saves the inland rivers from getting polluted by sewage
- 7. THE DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE ON LAND CAN BE ADOPTED UNDER FOLLOWING CONDITION WHEN SOME NATURAL RIVERS OR WATER COURSES ARE NOT LOCATED IN THE VICINITY WHEN IRRIGATION WATER IS SCARCELY AVAILABLE. LOW RAINFALL AREA.
- 8. THE VARIOUS TECHNIQUES THAT ARE EMPLOYED FOR IRRIGATING CROPS ARE : 1. SURFACE IRRIGATION CALLED BROAD IRRIGATION In this method, sewage is applied in different ways, on to the surface of the land, like free flooding.
- 9. 2. SUB-SURFACE IRRIGATION In this method sewage is supplied directly to the root zone of crops. 3. SPRINKLER OR SPRAY IRRIGATION In this method, sewage is spread over the soil through nozzles.
- 10. SEWAGE SICKNEES When sewage is applied continuously on a piece of land, the soil pores or voids may get Filled up and clogged with sewage matter retained in them. This phenomenon of soil getting clogged is known as sewage sickness of land. IN ORDER TO PREVENT THE SEWAGE SICKNESSOF A LAND,THE FOLLOWING PREVENTIVE MEASURES MAY BE ADOPTED
- 11. Primary treatment of sewage Choice of land Giving rest to the land Rotation of crop