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Schematic representation of the passage of one electron, photon (unconverted and converted), $\mu^{\pm}$, charged hadron, and neutral hadron in a typical HEP detector built from a tracking detector, a calorimeter, and a muon detector.
Total cross-section of photons impinging on carbon (left) and on lead (right)
Stopping power $-\langle\frac{\textrm{d}E}{\textrm{d}x}\rangle$ for positively charged muons in copper as a function of $\beta\gamma$ over nine orders of magnitude in momentum.
Schematic representation of the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter
(a) Schematic representation of the probability of energy transfer. (b) Energy loss probability described by Landau functions for incoming \Unit{500}{MeV} charged pions in various thickness of silicon.
Stopping power $-\langle\frac{\textrm{d}E}{\textrm{d}x}\rangle$ for positively charged muons in copper as a function of $\beta\gamma$ over nine orders of magnitude in momentum.
The incoming electron (E, $\vec{p_{\mathrm{e}}}$) interacts with the nucleus (A, Z) of the traversed matter; the emitted photon carries a momentum $\vec{k}$ and the outgoing electron (E$'$, $\vec{p_{\mathrm{e}}}'$).
The incoming electron (E, $\vec{p_{\mathrm{e}}}$) interacts with the nucleus (A, Z) of the traversed matter; the emitted photon carries a momentum $\vec{k}$ and the outgoing electron (E$'$, $\vec{p_{\mathrm{e}}}'$).
(a) Schematic representation of the probability of energy transfer. (b) Energy loss probability described by Landau functions for incoming \Unit{500}{MeV} charged pions in various thickness of silicon.
Fractional energy loss per radiation length as a function of electron or positron energy in lead
Bi-dimensional distribution of $\frac{\textrm{d}E}{\textrm{d}x}$ and momentum for ATLAS 2010 data. The distributions of the most probable value for the fitted probability density functions of pions (black), kaons (grey), and protons (blue), in different track categories, are superimposed.
The incoming photon ($\vec{k}$) interacts with the EM field of the nucleus (A,\,Z): an electron ($\mathrm{E},\vec{p_{\mathrm{e}}}$), positron ($\mathrm{E}^\prime, \vec{p_{\mathrm{e}}}^\prime$) pair is created.
Energy depositions in the successive layers of the ATLAS EM calorimeter of a candidate photon on the left and a candidate $\pi^{0}$ on the right.
Total cross-section of photons impinging on carbon (left) and on lead (right)
Energy deposit of electrons with energies between \Unit{1}{GeV} and \Unit{1}{TeV} as a function of the depth in a block of copper.
(a) Number of electrons in electron and photon induced showers, for four energies, as a function of the depth in units of radiation length~\cite{bib:DanielEDIT}. (b) Shower profile for 60 GeV incoming electrons in iron as a function of the depth $t$ in unit of $X_{0}$~\cite{bib:pdg}.
Schematic representation of the passage of one electron, photon (unconverted and converted), $\mu^{\pm}$, charged hadron, and neutral hadron in a typical HEP detector built from a tracking detector, a calorimeter, and a muon detector.
Energy deposit of electrons with energies between \Unit{1}{GeV} and \Unit{1}{TeV} as a function of the depth in a block of copper.
Number of ions collected as a function of the applied voltage and definition of the operation regimes
Top-left: Schematic representation of a gas drift tube. Top-right: Electric field dependence with $r$. Bottom: Simulation of an ionization avalanche onto an anode wire of diameter 25 ${\mu}$m.
Fractional energy loss per radiation length as a function of electron or positron energy in lead
Number of ions collected as a function of the applied voltage and definition of the operation regimes
Top-left: Schematic representation of a gas drift tube. Top-right: Electric field dependence with $r$. Bottom: Simulation of an ionization avalanche onto an anode wire of diameter 25 ${\mu}$m.
Schematic representation of the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter
The incoming photon ($\vec{k}$) interacts with the EM field of the nucleus (A,\,Z): an electron ($\mathrm{E},\vec{p_{\mathrm{e}}}$), positron ($\mathrm{E}^\prime, \vec{p_{\mathrm{e}}}^\prime$) pair is created.
Bi-dimensional distribution of $\frac{\textrm{d}E}{\textrm{d}x}$ and momentum for ATLAS 2010 data. The distributions of the most probable value for the fitted probability density functions of pions (black), kaons (grey), and protons (blue), in different track categories, are superimposed.
Energy depositions in the successive layers of the ATLAS EM calorimeter of a candidate photon on the left and a candidate $\pi^{0}$ on the right.
(a) Number of electrons in electron and photon induced showers, for four energies, as a function of the depth in units of radiation length~\cite{bib:DanielEDIT}. (b) Shower profile for 60 GeV incoming electrons in iron as a function of the depth $t$ in unit of $X_{0}$~\cite{bib:pdg}.